cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concentric lamellar formations in hepatic parenchymal cells of carbon tetrachloride-treated rats.

Regenerative parenchymal nodules developed in rat livers with advanced carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis. Light microscopy revealed that these nodules contained groups of hepatic cells with intracytoplasmic, faintly laminated bodies (2–30 μ in diameter). Electron microscopy displayed these as concentric lamellar formations with myelin-like and fingerprint configurations. Both types consisted of multilayers of paired membranes, which were disposed concentrically about a core containing osmiophilic bodies. The peripheral membranes of the formations frequently communicated with the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of contiguous, partially depleted glycogen areas; however, structural continuity with the Golgi complex, plasma membrane, or perinuclear membranes was not observed. Previously reported lamellar bodies of similar structure have been the subjects of fundamentally differing interpretations. Present evidence favors the view that the CCl4-induced lamellar structures represent new formations of endoplasmic reticulum. It is possible that these formations are concerned with detoxification.
Differences in the prevalence and characteristics of distracted driving in eight countries, 2011

Background Distraction is a risk factor for traffic crashes that is becoming an increasing global concern; however, its prevalence is not well documented. Aims/Objectives/Purpose To examine the prevalence and characteristics of those who talk or text using cellular devices while driving in Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, the UK, and the USA. Methods Online survey of adults aged 18–64 in the USA (N=3294) and seven European countries (N=8955), weighted to the age and sex distributions of each country. Respondents reported how often they talk on their cellular phone while driving and how often they read or send text messages or email while driving. We examined differences in prevalence by country, age group, and sex. Results/Outcomes More than one in four (27.3%, 95% CI 25.1% to 29.4%) US adult drivers aged 18–64 reported they ‘regularly or fairly often’ talk on their cellular phone while driving. In Europe, percentages ranged from 20.4% in Portugal (95% CI 16.5% to 24.3%) to 7.8% in the UK (5.9% to 9.7%). Additionally, 7.7% (6.3% to 9.0%) of US drivers aged 18–64 reported that they ‘regularly or fairly often’ read or send text messages or email while driving. In Europe, percentages ranged from 8.1% (95% CI 6.6% to 9.6%) in Belgium to 2.5% (95% CI 1.3% to 3.7%) in the UK. There were few differences by sex, but there were differences by age group within most countries. Significance/Contribution to the Field This study provides recent prevalence estimates of distracted driving-related behaviours in eight countries, which can be used to target high-risk groups for prevention efforts.
Optimum signal constellation design for high-speed optical transmission

We describe an algorithm to determine the optimum signal constellation in MMSE-sense for channel capacity achieving source distribution, and demonstrate that the signal constellations obtained by this algorithm outperform conventional QAM constellations (∼1 dB for 16-ary constellation at BER of 10−8).
Ideology, affect, and socialization in language shift and revitalization: The experiences of adults learning Gaelic in the Western Isles of Scotland

The intertwined role of language ideologies and affect in language shift and revitalization can be understood by taking a language socialization perspective on local micro-level interaction between adult Gaelic learners and fluent Gaelic-English bilinguals. Seven adults living in the Western Isles were interviewed about their efforts to learn and speak Scottish Gaelic, a minority language spoken by 1–2% of Scotland’s population. Their negative affective stances in describing their interactions with local Gaelic-English bilinguals indicate that they were being socialized into an ideology of local Gaelic-English sociolinguistic boundaries: an “etiquette of accommodation” to English speakers and wariness about public Gaelic speaking. This socialized combination of ideology and negative affect reduces opportunities for Gaelic speaking, hindering both Gaelic learners’ efforts to become fluent speakers and their potential contribution to language revitalization. In contrast, however, the interviewees described “sociolinguistic mentors” who socialized them into a more inclusive vision of Gaelic speaking laden with positive affect.1
Brain-Lung-Thyroid Disease Clinical Features of a Kindred With a Novel Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 Mutation

Brain-lung-thyroid disease is a rare familial disorder caused by mutations in thyroid transcription factor 1, a gene that regulates neuronal migration. We report the clinical features of ten patients from a single family with a novel gene mutation, including observations regarding treatment. Neurologic features of the kindred included developmental delay, learning difficulties, psychosis, chorea, and dystonia. Three patients had a history of seizure, which has not been previously reported in genetically confirmed cases. Low-dose dopamine-receptor blocking drugs were poorly tolerated in 2 patients who received this therapy, levodopa improved chorea in 3 of 4 children, and diazepam was markedly effective in a single adult patient. Chorea related to brain-lung-thyroid disease appears to respond paradoxically to antidopaminergic drugs. The unusual therapeutic response seen in our patients and others may help elucidate how disease-related migratory deficits affect neural pathways associated with motor control.
T Cell–mediated Pathology in Two Models of Experimental Colitis Depends Predominantly on the Interleukin 12/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat)-4 Pathway, but Is Not Conditional on Interferon γ Expression by T Cells

The requirements for interleukin (IL)-12/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)-4 signaling and induction of T cell–specific interferon (IFN)-γ expression in the development of T helper cell (Th)1–type pathology were examined in two different models of experimental colitis. In each model, abnormal reconstitution of the T cell compartment in immunodeficient mice by adoptive cell transfer leads to a wasting syndrome and inflammation of the colon, induced by IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α–producing T cells. We show here that treatment with anti–IL-12 antibodies in one of the models, or reconstitution with T cells from Stat-4–deficient (Stat-4null) mice in both models resulted in a milder disease in the majority of recipient animals, compared with those that were left untreated or that had been reconstituted with wt cells. Protected mice in each group also harbored lower frequencies of IFN-γ–producing T cells than did diseased mice, suggesting that effects on wasting and colitis resulted from the attenuation of IFN-γ expression by T cells. To test whether the development of pathogenic T cells in the two colitis models was directly dependent on T cell–specific IFN-γ expression, IFN-γnull donors were used for T cell reconstitution in each system. Surprisingly, large numbers of IFN-γnull–reconstituted mice developed wasting and colitis, which in many cases was of comparable severity to that seen in animals reconstituted with wt cells. Furthermore, T cells from these animals expressed TNF-α, demonstrating that they had retained the ability to produce another proinflammatory cytokine. Taken together, these results demonstrate that in some forms of chronic experimental colitis the development of pathogenic T cells is influenced predominantly, though not exclusively, by IL-12 via the actions of Stat-4 proteins. Furthermore, our data suggest that in the models of colitis studied here the effects of IL-12/Stat-4 or other Th1 promoting pathways are not limited to the induction of IFN-γ gene expression in T lymphocytes.
Borrelia burgdorferi stimulates in vitro a selective expansion of CD3-CD4-CD8- (triple negative) autoreactive cells in naive rhesus monkey lymphocytes.

Autoreactive cell lines were generated from cell suspensions of freshly isolated naive monkey lymph node (LN) cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells by cocultivation with freezethawed Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes (Bb/FT). These cells produced interleukin (IL)–6 when cocultured with autologous antigen-presenting cells (APCs) alone without Bb/FT. IL-6 production was not observed when control cell lines were stimulated in the same fashion. CD4 + -enriched T cell populations obtained from the LN autoreactive cell line also produced IL-6 when cultivated with APCs alone. When these cells were cultivated further in the presence of APCs, a population of cells whose phenotype was CD56 +/ CD4CD8CD3 was predominantly selected. These cells both proliferated and produced IL-6 when cocultured with APCs alone. The possible relevance of these cells to Lyme disease pathogenesis remains to be determined. Lyme disease, the most frequently reported vectorborne illness in the United States, is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. This spirochete can invade multiple organs [1] and persist for a long time [2, 3]. Both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions are characteristic of Lyme disease, but the underlying pathogenetic mechanism still is not fully understood [1, 4]. Persistence of the spirochete or its antigens in tissue appears to be required for pathology to ensue [5, 6], but autoimmunity also may play a part [7‐9]. Th1 activity polarization has been observed in patients with Lyme disease and in mice that are susceptible to experimental infection with B. burgdorferi. The mouse model of Lyme disease is very useful for the study of Lyme arthritis and the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of this form of the disease. Severe arthritis, manifested as joint swelling in C3H/HeN mice, and arthritis symptoms in some patients with Lyme disease have been correlated with a Th1 (interferon-g) polarization of the immune response. Conversely, absence of or mild arthritis, as seen in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice or in patients with Lyme disease without arthritis symptoms, are associated with a Th2 (interleukin [IL]‐4) polarization and cytokine pattern [8‐14]. In addition to T cell‐specific immune responses induced by B. burgdorferi,
Temperature effects on the modulation response of an injection-locked InAs/InP Quantum-Dash laser

The impact of device temperature variations on the modulation response of an injection-locked Quantum-Dash laser is analyzed. Lower slave operating temperatures result in a large reduction in the undesirable pre-resonance dip in the modulation resp onse.
Multi-layer Mosaics in the Presence of Motion and Depth Effects

In this paper, we present a new segmentation-based 2D mosaic framework. Most of current mosaic algorithms do not explicitly remove moving objects from images before registration, so that they often fail when the size of the moving objects is relatively large. To solve this problem, we first segment moving objects from the input images using the tensor voting framework, and then only the remaining backgrounds are processed for the background mosaic. The second mosaicking step is straightforward because the first motion segmentation step also produces very accurate dense matches. By providing comparative examples, we show that the quality of the background mosaics can be significantly improved by our framework.
Systems engineering in the services area

The focus of this paper is not new. Certainly, systems engineers have worked on service-related problems, including those arising in finance, health, education, government, food, trade, retail, wholesale, telecommunications, entertainment, and transportation. What is new-and critical-is the growing importance and complexity of services and the systems within which they operate. What is new-and exciting-is a set of new and evolving technologies which will enable us to practice our systems engineering trade with greater effectiveness and impact. What is new-and challenging-is the services-related issues that are amenable to our systems engineering approach. These are the issues considered in this paper. >
Phased arrays based on oscillators coupled on triangular and hexagonal lattices

Phased arrays have been proposed in which a two-dimensional array of voltage-controlled oscillators coupled to nearest neighbors provides excitations for the radiating elements which are properly phased to result in a steerable radiated beam. These arrays have been arranged on a rectangular lattice and the beam is steered by tuning the oscillators along the four edges of the array. Proposed here are similar arrays in which the oscillators are coupled on a triangular lattice or a hexagonal lattice and provide excitations for radiating elements similarly disposed in a planar triangular array. Beam steering is accomplished by tuning the oscillators along the three edges of the array. The dynamic behavior of the arrays is studied via a continuum model and the results compared with those of a full nonlinear discrete analysis and a linearized discrete model.
Regulation of herpes simplex virus γ134.5 expression and oncolysis of diffuse liver metastases by Myb34.5

Myb34.5 is a herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) mutant deleted in the gene for ribonucleotide reductase (ICP6). It also carries a version of gamma(1)34.5 (a viral gene product that promotes the dephosphorylation of eIF-2alpha) that is under control of the E2F-responsive cellular B-myb promoter, rather than of its endogenous promoter. Myb34.5 replication in tumor cells results in their destruction (oncolysis). gamma(1)34.5 expression by HSV-1 subverts an important cell defense mechanism against viral replication by preventing shutoff of protein synthesis after viral infection. Infection of colon carcinoma cells with Myb34.5 results in greater eIF-2alpha dephosphorylation and viral replication compared with infection with HSV-1 mutants completely defective in gamma(1)34.5 expression. In contrast, infection of normal hepatocytes with Myb34.5 results in low levels of eIF-2alpha dephosphorylation and viral replication that are similar to those observed with HSV-1 mutants completely defective in gamma(1)34.5 and ICP6. When administered intravascularly into mice with diffuse liver metastases, Myb34.5 has greater antineoplastic activity than HSV-1 mutants with completely defective gamma(1)34.5 expression and more restricted biodistribution compared with HSV-1 mutants with wild-type gamma(1)34.5 expression. Myb34.5 displays reduced virulence and toxicity compared to HSV-1 mutants with wild-type gamma(1)34.5 expression. Portal venous administration of Myb34.5 significantly reduces liver tumor burden in and prolongs the life of mice with diffuse liver metastases. Preexisting Ab's to HSV-1 do not reduce the antitumor efficacy of Myb34.5 in vivo.
Ab interno trabeculectomy versus trabeculectomy for open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose To compare the effect of ab interno trabeculectomy with trabeculectomy. Design Retrospective, cohort study. Participants A total of 115 patients who underwent ab interno trabeculectomy (study group) compared with 102 patients who underwent trabeculectomy with intraoperative mitomycin as an initial surgical procedure (trabeculectomy group). Inclusion criteria were open-angle glaucoma, age ≥40 years, and uncontrolled on maximally tolerated medical therapy. Exclusion criterion was concurrent surgery. Methods Clinical variables were collected from patient medical records. Main Outcome Measures Intraocular pressure (IOP) and Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses with failure defined as IOP >21 mmHg or less than 20% reduction below baseline on 2 consecutive follow-up visits after 1 month; IOP ≤5 mmHg on 2 consecutive follow-up visits after 1 month; additional glaucoma surgery; or loss of light perception vision. Secondary outcome measures include number of glaucoma medications and occurrence of complications. Results Mean follow-up was 27.3 and 25.5 months for the study and trabeculectomy groups, respectively. Intraocular pressure decreased from 28.1±8.6 mmHg at baseline to 15.9±4.5 mmHg (43.5% reduction) at month 24 in the study group, and from 26.3±10.9 mmHg at baseline to 10.2±4.1 mmHg (61.3% reduction) at month 24 in the trabeculectomy group. The success rates at 2 years were 22.4% and 76.1% in the study and trabeculectomy groups, respectively ( P P = 0.037; adjusted HR, 0.98 per year; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97–0.99) and lower baseline IOP ( P = 0.016; adjusted HR, 0.96 per 1 mmHg; 95% CI, 0.92–0.99) were significant risk factors for failure in the multivariate analysis of the study group. With the exception of hyphema, the occurrence of postoperative complications was more frequent in the trabeculectomy group ( P P Conclusions Ab interno trabeculectomy has a lower success rate than trabeculectomy. Financial Disclosure(s) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
Individual Characteristics, State Context, and Mass Attitudes in the U.S. States: The Case of Gay Rights

State governments are uniquely situated to educate their citizens on tolerance; not necessarily directly through traditional education or even civic education, however, but indirectly by passing tolerant policies that educate their citizens on acceptable actions and behaviors. State governments are in the best position to educate their citizens because, unlike the federal government, they are not too far removed from citizens so as to be considered impersonal but also not too close, like local governments, so as to be disregarded as unimportant or irrelevant.Here, I analyze the relationship between public opinion and state-level policies toward the gay community. Specifically, using the ANES 2000-2002-2004 panel study, I model the relationship between individual characteristics, state characteristics, and attitudes toward the gay community as a multilevel growth model. Modeling attitudes in this way – as a function of individual and state characteristics – takes significant steps toward creating methodological models that are a closer reflection of reality than more traditional methods.The results suggest that public perceptions of the gay community are strongly influenced by the policy position in the state. If a state has favorable policies toward the gay community, the citizens within that state will hold favorable attitudes toward the community, and vice versa. This implies that thestate context has a nontrivial influence on individual citizen attitudes and that perhaps the traditional view of representation (citizens influence elites) may nothold in the realm of gay rights.
A derivation of the number of minima of the Griewank function

The Griewank function is commonly used to test the ability of different solution procedures to find local optima. It is important to know the exact number of minima of the function to support its use as a test function. However, to the best of our knowledge, no attempts have been made to analytically derive the number of minima. Because of the complex nature of the function surface, a numerical method is developed to restrict domain spaces to hyperrectangles satisfying certain conditions. Within these domain spaces, an analytical method to count the number of minima is derived and proposed as a recursive functional form. The numbers of minima for two search spaces are provided as a reference.
δ13C and δ2H measurement of methane from ecological and geological sources by gas chromatography/combustion/pyrolysis isotope-ratio mass spectrometry.

Rationale The carbon and hydrogen isotopes of methane are useful in differentiating biological (e.g. wetlands, ruminants, biomass burning) and geological methane sources (e.g. fossil fuels, gas hydrates), as well as quantifying pathways of methanotrophism. Continuous-flow isotopic measurements of methane present a set of analytical challenges, including sample size restrictions and separation of CH4 from atmosphere, hydrocarbons, and CO2 . Methods Small-scale modifications were made to a commercial trace-gas preconcentration and sampling unit (Thermo Scientific PreCon-GasBench) for improved isotopic analysis of methane (δ(13)C/δ(2)H) across a range of gas concentrations. Results The long-term reproducibility of δ(13)C-CH4 values is less than ±0.2‰ (1σ). The limit-of-quantitation of δ(13)C-CH4 values is less than 0.8 nmol, conveniently measurable within standard gas sampling vials. A reproducibility of better than ±4‰ (1σ) is regularly achieved for δ(2) H values from sample sizes greater than 2 nmol. The range of measurement, for both δ(13)C and δ(2)H values, is easily extended from ambient concentration (~1.7 ppm-v) for preconcentrated samples to percent methane concentrations under subsampling. Conclusions The automated measurement of δ(13)C-CH4 and δ(2)H-CH4 values, from ambient to percentage concentrations, is possible with minimal modifications to a commercial preconcentration/gas chromatography inlet. Sample matrix interferences (CO2 , Cn Hy , air) are eliminated and simultaneous isotopic measurements of methane and CO2 and/or C1 -C4 light hydrocarbons are possible, while still retaining functionality for isotopic measurements of other gas species (e.g. CO2, N2, O2).
Software Architecture Challenges for Data Intensive Computing

Data intensive computing is concerned with creating scalable solutions for capturing, analyzing, managing and understanding multi-terabyte and petabyte data volumes. Such data volumes exist in a diverse range of application domains, including scientific research, bio-informatics, cyber security, social computing and commerce. Innovative hardware and software technologies to address these problems must scale to meet these ballooning data volumes and simultaneously reduce the time needed to provide effective data analysis. This paper describes some of the software architecture challenges that must be addressed when building data intensive applications and supporting infrastructures. These revolve around requirements for adaptive resource utilization and management, flexible integration, robustness and scalable data management.
Phase I Trial of Intraperitoneal Gemcitabine in the Treatment of Advanced Malignancies Primarily Confined to the Peritoneal Cavity

Purpose: To determine the maximally tolerated dose, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of i.p. gemcitabine. Experimental Design: Patients had peritoneal carcinomatosis. Gemcitabine (40, 80, 120, or 160 mg/m 2 ) was administered into the peritoneal cavity in 2 L of warmed saline on days 1, 4, 8, and 12 of a 28-day cycle. Results: Thirty patients received 63 (median, 2; range, 0-6) courses. Tumors included ovary (14), uterus (2), colon (6), pancreas (3), and others (5). Dose-limiting toxicity included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea, fatal respiratory failure, and grade 3 elevation of alanine aminotransferase in three patients. Hematologic toxicity and pain were ≤grade 2. Three patients had decreased or resolved ascites. Of 19 patients evaluable for response, 10 had stable disease (median, 3.5 courses) and 9 had progressive disease. The median peak peritoneal concentration was 1,116-fold (range, 456-1,886) higher than the peak plasma level. Plasma and peritoneal levels were undetectable within 8 to 12 h. At 120 mg/m 2 , the median peritoneal area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) was 82,612 ng/mL × h (range, 53,296-199,830) and the plasma AUC was 231 ng/mL × h (range, 47.6-259.5). The mean peritoneal advantage (AUC peritoneal /AUC plasma ) was 847 (range, 356-1,385). Conclusions: I.p. administration of gemcitabine is tolerated within the tested dosage range. Technical problems with the Porta-Cath device and i.p. therapy per se may have been exacerbated by the enrollment of many patients with a variety of advanced i.p. diseases. Given the significant increase in local dose intensity and the documented activity of this drug, this agent may be an excellent candidate for i.p. therapy in optimally debulked ovarian cancer, either alone or in combination.
The Changing Face of Fungal Infections in Health Care Settings

As strategies to prevent invasive fungal infections among both hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients have evolved, the epidemiology of these infections has changed. Several unique features of select Candida species and molds have facilitated the emergence of these pathogens as more-common causes of infection than in previous years. In this context, the changing pathogen profiles, unique antifungal susceptibilities, and approaches to treatment are outlined.
Is Coordination a Means to Collaboration

Coordinated multiple view (CMV) approaches have become commonplace in the development of visual tools for information visualization and visual analytics. However, research and development in CMV has focused almost exclusively on the exploratory and analytic needs of individual users working in traditional interactive desktop environments. Current understanding of collaboration in terms of perception, interaction, conceptualization, and social organization begs for integrated approaches to exploration and analysis that support visualization of information in multiple coordinated views by multiple actors working across time and space in multiple roles and environments. This statement outlines two key aspects of a possible strategy for achieving acquisition, exploration, communication, and management of information in a collaborative exploratory visualization environment built on top of a solid foundation of well-established CMV techniques.
Brief paper: Stabilization of linear strict-feedback systems with delayed integrators

The problem of compensation of input delays for unstable linear systems was solved in the late 1970s. Systems with simultaneous input and state delay have remained a challenge, although exponential stabilization has been solved for systems that are not exponentially unstable, such as chains of delayed integrators and systems in the 'feedforward' form. We consider a general system in strict-feedback form with delayed integrators, which is an example of a particularly challenging class of exponentially unstable systems with simultaneous input and state delays, and design a predictor feedback controller for this class of systems. Exponential stability is proven with the aid of a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional that we construct using the PDE backstepping approach.
Path-integral Fujikawa’s approach to anomalous virial theorems and equations of state for systems with SO(2,1) symmetry

Abstract We derive anomalous equations of state for nonrelativistic 2D complex bosonic fields with contact interactions, using Fujikawa’s path-integral approach to anomalies and scaling arguments. In the process, we derive an anomalous virial theorem for such systems. The methods used are easily generalizable for other 2D systems, including fermionic ones, and of different spatial dimensionality, all of which share a classical S O ( 2 , 1 ) Schrodinger symmetry. The discussion is of a more formal nature and is intended mainly to shed light on the structure of anomalies in 2D many-body systems. The anomaly corrections to the virial theorem and equation of state–pressure relationship–may be identified as the Tan contact term. The practicality of these ideas rests upon being able to compute in detail the Fujikawa Jacobian that contains the anomaly. This and other conceptual issues, as well as some recent developments, are discussed at the end of the paper.
Cumulative Trauma Among Mayas Living in Southeast Florida

Mayas, having experienced genocide, exile, and severe poverty, are at high risk for the consequences of cumulative trauma that continually resurfaces through current fear of an uncertain future. Little is known about the mental health and alcohol use status of this population. This correlational study explored t/he relationship of cumulative trauma as it relates to social determinants of health (years in the United States, education, health insurance status, marital status, and employment), psychological health (depression symptoms), and health behaviors (alcohol use) of 102 Guatemalan Mayas living in Southeast Florida. The results of this study indicated that, as specific social determinants of health and cumulative trauma increased, depression symptoms (particularly among women) and the risk for harmful alcohol use (particularly among men) increased. Identifying risk factors at an early stage before serious disease or problems are manifest provides room for early screening leading to early identification, early treatment, and better outcomes.
Application of perturbation methods to improve analytical model correlation with test data

A linear perturbation method developed by White (1972) to improve the correlation between analytical models and experimental data is applied to modeling of the Viking Propulsion Subsystem (VPS), flown successfully as part of the Viking Spacecraft launch of 1975. Analytical models and modal test data developed for the VPS are employed in the application; a set of mathematically generated data and a corresponding perturbed analytical model, representative of actual flight hardware, are also subjected to the White method. It is found that the linear perturbation method does not yield a single unique improved model.
Examining the Reliability of a Culminating Teacher Education Assessment and Discovering Areas for Reform

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the process used to examine the inter-rater reliability of the Teacher Work Sample (TWS) Scoring Rubric involved with the senior culminating experience for teacher candidates used at a large comprehensive university. The study compared holistic and analytic scores reported by Student Teacher Seminar course instructors to those of trained participants to determine the consistency of ratings between the two groups. The study resulted in several clear areas for revising the TWS for reliability and created a foundation for future revisions. What may prove to be the most important finding of the study, however, is the need to examine the differences among scoring practices of raters because scoring varies among people. Common errors include misinterpretation of scoring rubrics, prompts, the teaching and learning process, and even concepts such as revised Bloom’s Taxonomy. This finding could be generalized to other universities as all education programs utilize scoring prompts and rubrics to measure teacher candidate performance and most all use revised Bloom’s Taxonomy in the teaching and learning process.
Theoretical Modeling of Multi-Coil Channels in near Field Magneto-Inductive Communication

This paper presents theoretical modeling and circuit analysis of magneto-inductive communication channels where receivers use multiple coils to improve the spatial sensitivity patterns and communication range. The mutual coupling among the multi-coils at receiver and between transmit and receive coils is derived for general configurations in 3D space. The equivalent circuit of induced voltage for receive coils is analyzed which provides a guide for the design of matching circuits for optimal performance. The methodology developed in this paper can also be applied to other sensor network scenarios where MI communications are used.
Thinking in New Ways and in New Times about Reading.

Over the years, the annual What’s Hot, What’s Not survey by Jack Cassidy has served as an important indicator for issues in the continuously changing landscape of literacy education within North Am...
Art and Identity in the Parish Communities of Late Medieval Kent

Historians have long been aware that patronage is a crucial factor in interpreting the social meaning of art. The late Middle Ages knew a variety of patrons, each employing art to communicate different sorts of concern: royal and aristocratic courts emphasized political messages, urban communes created governmental myths, cathedrals and monasteries gave expression to spiritual ideas—and all used art to convey notions of social identity. Recent investigations into the process of choosing and procuring works of art in these contexts have not only added perspective to formal art criticism, they have also deepened our understanding of the groups interested in the creation of art. One area in which questions of patronage could perhaps be better illuminated is the community of the parish. The parish served as the primary religious community for the majority of men and women for most of the Middle Ages. It was complex in composition, involving both laity and clergy, encompassing other religious associations, such as gilds, and including the devout and the indifferent, the orthodox and the dissenters.
An Electronic Insect Counter

The principle, construction, and operation of an inexpensive and easily built insect counter is described. It can count up to 200 live insects per minute as they are sucked through an aspirator, with an error of 2% or less. A solid-state electronic circuit counts pulses from a photoelectric detector and the count is displayed on 7-segment tubes. The device should find many applications for counting live insects.
The effects of goal setting, external feedback, and self-generated feedback on outcome variables: A field experiment.

This study compared the motivational impact of goal setting and performance feedback on four measures of performance, intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Goal setti...
Optical Control of the Electronic and Nuclear States in a Single Quantum Dot

Optical control of negatively charged InAs quantum dots demonstrates control of both the nuclear spin fluctuations and electronic state preparation. Measurements show control of the spin Bloch vector, a geometric phase gate and increasing the electron spin coherence time.
Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Larval Resistance to Cypermethrin in Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

We examined quantitative genetic variation in larval tolerance to cypermethrin in a colony of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), started by eggs collected from cotton in Mississippi. With sibling analysis, we detected significant additive genetic variation in larval tolerance, thus demonstrating that tolerance phenotypes in this population are highly heritable ( h 2 [narrow-sense heritability] = 0.85 ± 0.40) and that the population has potential for further increases in tolerance to cypermethrin. We tested the accuracy of our heritability estimate by selecting for increased tolerance to cypermethrin and comparing predicted with actual response. Because average larval weight at time of treatment was different before and after selection, we used empirically derived relationships between tolerance and weight to adjust tolerance scores. Response to selection (increased mean population tolerance) predicted by our estimate of heritability was similar to the actual response measured (predicted = 4.62, actual = 4.66). Estimates of heritability are therefore capable of accurately predicting short-term response to selection in the laboratory and may also be useful for field populations. Our results suggest that repeated field applications of cypermethrin will further increase tolerance levels within the source population and favor development of resistance.
Does College Influence Sociopolitical Attitudes

Past research shows a statistically significant relationship between college completion and sociopolitical attitudes. However, recent scholarship suggests the effects of college on social outcomes ...
Radiotherapy in Patients 70 Years and Older With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the use of radiotherapy (RT) in older patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Patients and Methods The National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) is a comprehensive national database that captures approximately 70% of newly diagnosed cancer patients in the United States. Data for patients meeting the criteria of nonmetastatic TNBC were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of 44,731 TNBC patients with indications for postoperative RT were identified. Median patient age was 59 (range, 19-90) years. Maximum RT use occurred between the ages of 46 and 70, with rapid decline in patients older than 70 years. Overall, there was a statistically significant improvement in overall survival (OS) with the addition of RT. Of the 24 variables evaluated, 23 were statistically significant on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis a majority of these factors including facility location, age, Charlson/Deyo comorbidity condition score, and tumor characteristics (lymph node status, pathologic T stages, and use of systemic chemotherapy) remained significant. The use of RT was associated with improved OS rates in both the older (5-year OS, 66.4% vs. 42.6%, P P Conclusion In this group of high-risk patients, there was decreased use of RT in older patients. In our study of a large patient population with TNBC, RT was associated with increased OS rates in both younger and older patients, and RT should be strongly considered, when indicated by clinicopathologic factors, in patients with TNBC.
Ex Vivo Imaging, Biodistribution, and Histological Study in Addition to In Vivo Imaging

In addition to in vivo fluorescence imaging, ex vivo evaluations including ex vivo imaging, biodistribution, and histological study are often conducted to further investigate the biological behavior of fluorescent probes. These studies can further confirm the localization of fluorescent probes at the target sites and demonstrate the probe distribution in various organs and tissues. Such studies can also be extended to cellular level for biochemical analysis. Therefore, ex vivo evaluations are valuable to fully characterizing fluorescent probes in a living system. This chapter provides an overview of techniques for evaluating pharmacological profiles of fluorescent probes ex vivo.
Using NeuroIS to Better Understand Activities Performed on Mobile Devices

With the proliferation of mobile device types and variety of tasks being performed on those devices, it is necessary to examine how this pairing changes with individuals. NeuroIS offers complementary tools to traditional survey tools helping researchers delve into users’ perceptions while they are engaged in different tasks. Through analysis of neurophysiological data we may better understand activities performed on mobile devices and help provide more customized user experiences. A two-part preliminary study is described as a pre-cursor to a larger, focused experiment utilizing EEG and eye-tracking on mobile device usage.
Cervical cone margins as a predictor for residual dysplasia in post-cone hysterectomy specimens.

OBJECTIVE To determine the relation between dysplasia at cervical cone margins and the presence or absence of residual dysplasia in post-cone hysterectomy specimens. METHODS We performed a 6-year retrospective, multicenter study and reviewed 250 cases in which the patient had a cold-knife cervical cone biopsy followed by a hysterectomy within 6 months. Pathology reports from 23 institutions described the margins in conization specimens and the subsequent status of residual dysplasia in the hysterectomy specimens. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of residual dysplasia in hysterectomy specimens between patients with positive margins on cone biopsy (47%) and those with negative margins (23%) (P < .01). The positive predictive value for residual dysplasia given positive cone margins was 47%, and the negative predictive value was 77%. The grade of post-cone residual dysplasia increased commensurately with the grade of dysplasia in the conization specimen. CONCLUSIONS The presence of dysplasia at the cervical cone margin relates significantly with the presence of residual dysplasia in the post-cone hysterectomy specimen. The grade of residual dysplasia in the post-cone hysterectomy specimen increased as the grade of dysplasia in the conization specimen increased. Free margins on a cone biopsy specimen with dysplasia offer reassurance that invasive cancer is not present in the remaining uterus.
Metastatic lyricism: John Wilkinson’s poetry and poetics

This essay is an attempt to resolve an apparent contradiction between the poetry and the poetics of the Cambridge Poet John Wilkinson, namely how his apparently paratactic (or ‘schizophrenic’) pros...
RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS FOR DETECTION OF VIRAL ANTIGENS AND ANTIVIRAL ANTIBODY

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the radioimmunoassay (RIA) for detection of viral antigens and antiviral antibody. In the recent development of RIA techniques in virology, features that stand out include refinements of the double antibody technique for separating radiolabeled antigen complexed with antibody from free antigen, intensive development of solid-phase techniques, including direct assays that do not depend on competitive inhibition, for both antigens and antibodies, and the use of cell cultures to provide the solid-phase reactants for both surface and cytoplasmic viral antigens. Widespread application of RIA testing in the field of type B hepatitis has provided many new insights into the serology and epidemiology of this disease; this experience has also unveiled a number of pitfalls in the use of RIA tests, several of which are potentially applicable to RIA tests in any virus system. During the same period of rapid development of RIA procedures for detection of hepatitis B antigens and antibodies, these procedures have also been utilized in a variety of basic and applied studies of viral antigens in cell cultures and detection of antiviral antibody against viruses propagated in vitro .
The Breakthrough 1787–92

Many historians of the late eighteenth century, especially of high politics, have been inclined to treat with scepticism the concept of public opinion as an autonomous causal factor.1 Popular abolitionism, located on the very cusp of the age of the modern social movements, is difficult to fit into a political frame of reference still so generally oligarchic.2 Yet it was the mobilization of public opinion which ushered in the consciousness that one was in a new period in the history of slavery; not in the sense of inaugurating an era of uninterrupted victories but in the sense that the terms of public discourse about the institution in Britain were dramatically and forever altered.
The Distribution of Silver Ions in α-AgI

Different distributions have been proposed for the mobile Ag ions among the bcc array of I in α-AgI. Unambiguous specification of the distribution has been difficult because (a) single crystals shatter during the β→α transition at 150°C; all previous work has been powder diffraction with fewer intensities than adjustable structural parameters, and (b) the difficulty in evaluating structure factors for a “smeared” distribution of mobile ions. We have been able to reproducibly nucleate a single-crystal β→α transformation on a precession camera or four circle diffractometer through a “reverse Bridgman” technique. The silver atom distribution was completely specified, as a function of temperature and with no adjustable parameters, through use of a probability function derived from the potential calculations of Flygare and Huggins. The bulk of the metal ions are concentrated near the tetrahedral interstice. Published intensity data obtained at 150°C provide R values of 21–23% for previously proposed distributions, but 13.0% for the present model. With diffractometer data obtained at 212°C, all models provide R of 17–20% but electron density and difference maps support the proposed distribution.
Planning in answer set programming while learning action costs for mobile robots

For mobile robots to perform complex missions, it may be necessary for them to plan with incomplete information and reason about the indirect effects of their actions. Answer Set Programming (ASP) provides an elegant way of formalizing domains which involve indirect effects of an action and recursively defined fluents. In this paper, we present an approach that uses ASP for robotic task planning, and demonstrate how ASP can be used to generate plans that acquire missing information necessary to achieve the goal. Action costs are also incorporated with planning to produce optimal plans, and we show how these costs can be estimated from experience making planning adaptive. We evaluate our approach using a realistic simulation of an indoor environment where a robot learns to complete its objective in the shortest time.
Higher-Moment Capital Asset Pricing and Its Behavioral Implications

Mental accounting, as depicted in the preceding chapter, organizes potentially bewildering financial information in ways that address humans’ physiological, social, and emotional needs. These processes operate at the level of the self and at the level of civilized society addressing risk management and resource allocation questions of global proportions. Having introduced these simplifying frames of thought in purely qualitative terms, this book will now present some of the quantitative tools that undergird not only mathematical finance in the traditional sense, but also behavioral finance as an extension beyond strictly rational considerations of risk and return. After describing the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) in its conventional form, this chapter will present a four-moment CAPM as a Taylor series expansion of mean returns. Treating returns as the sum of their mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis enables us to ascribe behavioral significance to the odd and even moments of the distribution of returns.1
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Is Neuroprotective in a Reversible Spinal Cord Ischemia Model

Background and Purpose —Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) may function as neurotrophic or neuroprotective factors to protect central nervous system (CNS) neurons against a variety of insults, including excitotoxicity. The present study evaluated the pharmacological effects of DHEAS in a reversible spinal cord ischemia model. Methods —DHEAS was administered (50 mg/kg IV) 5 or 30 minutes after the start of occlusion to groups of rabbits exposed to ischemia induced by temporary (15 to 60 minutes) occlusion of the infrarenal aorta. The group P50 represents the duration of ischemia (in minutes) associated with 50% probability of resultant permanent paraplegia. Results —The P50 of the vehicle-treated control group, when behavioral analysis was assessed 18 hours after aortal occlusion, was 28.8±2.0 minutes. Neuroprotection was demonstrated if a drug significantly prolonged the P50 compared with the vehicle-treated control group. Treatment with DHEAS at 5 minutes significantly ( P <0.05) prolonged the P50 of the group to 36.8±3.9 minutes. In addition, the DHEAS effect appeared durable, because a significant difference between the control and DHEAS-treated groups was still measurable at the 4-day time point. At 4 days, the P50 of the control group was 26.1±2.2 minutes, whereas the P50 for the DHEAS-treated group was 38.6±5.9 minutes. DHEAS was not neuroprotective if administered 30 minutes after occlusion. In addition, the GABAA antagonist bicuculline abolished the neuroprotective effect of DHEAS. Conclusions —The present study suggests that neurosteroids may have substantial therapeutic benefit for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Power measurements of adiabatic circuits by thermoelectric technique

We have developed a method to measure small values of power dissipation in VLSI chips by a thermal method using a Peltier cooler as a thermometer. The temperature rise of <10 /spl mu/K, corresponding to a power dissipation of <1 /spl mu/W, could easily be measured on a chip carrier, with measurement times of a few minutes. A power dissipation of <10 nW is measurable for long measurement times. The power of a simple adiabatic output buffer was measured using this method, and the dependence of power dissipation on the square of the load capacitance and frequency was verified.