cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular assessment of the newborn

Abstract The ability to conduct a thorough cardiovascular assessment of the newborn and infant is still a valuable skill. It takes time and practice to perfect this skill because of the complexity of the newborn cardiac system. The evolution of sophisticated technological diagnostic instruments in conjunction with a good physical examination can increase the chances of early detection of cardiac problems and improve the prognosis, in most cases. This article describes the essential elements of the newborn cardiovascular assessment. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Comparison of conditioning regimens for alveolar macrophage reconstitution and innate immune function post bone marrow transplant.

The authors compared efficiency of alveolar macrophage (AM) reconstitution from donor bone marrow post transplant following 4 chemotherapy conditioning regimens and 2 total body irradiation (TBI) regimens. TBI regimens are more effective in inducing AM reconstitution from donor marrow. However, mice conditioned with 13 Gy split-dose TBI or a dual-chemotherapy regimen (25 mg/kg busulfan × 4 days plus cyclophosphamide 100 mg/kg × 2 days) both demonstrate significant AM repopulation from donor marrow. Additionally, both protocols resulted in impaired pulmonary host defense associated with overproduction of prostaglandin E2 and I2 by AMs and impaired AM phagocytosis post bone marrow transplant.
The COMPLOC Earthquake Location Package

This article describes the programs included in the COMPLOC computer program package that are designed to apply the source-specific station term (SSST) method to solve for local earthquake locations using P- and S- wave phase data. These programs can greatly improve the relative location accuracy of nearby events by applying empirical corrections for the biasing effects of three-dimensional velocity structure. They have been tested on data from both the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) and Northern California Seismic Network (NCSN) The SSST method (Richards-Dinger and Shearer 2000; Lin and Shearer 2005) works by assigning each station a travel-time correction that varies as a function of source position. This approach provides relative location accuracy comparable to master event or hypocentroidal decomposition (Jordan and Sverdrup 1981) methods within compact event clusters, but is applicable to distributed seismicity. It has some similarities to the double-difference algorithm (Waldhauser and Ellsworth 2000, 2002) and can be shown to give comparable results in tests on synthetic data (Lin and Shearer 2005). However, the SSST approach has computational advantages for big data sets because the location and station term parts of the computation are separate, so that large matrix inversions are not necessary. In addition, our implementation of SSST provides the option to use L1-norm misfit measures, which are more robust than least squares in the case of occasional timing errors or bad phase picks. We implement the SSST approach by selecting nearby events located within a sphere of specified radius r max around the target event. The station term for the target event is then computed as the median (or mean) residual of these events. Different results will be obtained depending upon the size of the cutoff distance r max. If r max is set to a large enough distance, then the SSST …
Irradiation Behavior of Experimental Mark-II Experimental Breeder Reactor II Driver Fuel

Prototypic driver-fuel elements using metallic fuel and stainless-steel cladding, designed to achieve a high burnup, were tested in the Experimental Breeder Reactor II. The irradiation results show...
Pressure during Sonoluminescence

Multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) spectra were collected from solutions containing volatile metal-containing compounds in silicone oil saturated with helium or argon. Ultrasonic irradiation of these solutions at 20 kHz and 90 W/cm 2 led to emission from excited states of the free metal atoms. The widths and peak positions of these lines varied as a function of the gas used to saturate the solution, indicating that the emission was from the gas phase of the bubble. High-resolution MBSL spectra showed that the pressure within the bubble at the point of emission was on the order of 300 bar in argon-saturated silicone oil, which is consistent with simple adiabatic compression during cavitation.
Time-Varying Elevation Change at the Centralia Coal Mine in Centralia, Washington (USA), Constrained with InSAR, ASTER, and Optical Imagery

Rapid landscape changes as a result of anthropogenic development can result in increased hazards for nearby communities, including exposure of soils to runoff, pollution, and slope collapse. Elevation changes also complicate interpretations of remote sensing datasets, such as interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), which rely on accurate digital elevation models (DEMs). In this study, we assimilate satellite-based radar and optical imagery spanning several decades to determine a time series of elevation change at the Centralia Coal Mine in Centralia, Washington. We assess the errors associated with each observation type and explore methods for reducing potential bias. By combining these datasets, we are able to characterize elevation changes resulting from coal mining operations for most of the productive lifespan of the mine. This approach can be applied to any region of rapid elevation change, provided sufficient remote sensing data are available.
The role of the reward system for a total quality management based strategy

This study examines the impact of reward practices on the relationship between an organizational strategy based on the principles of total quality management (TQM) and perceptions of firm performance. Major findings include: higher levels of firm performance were significantly correlated with greater use of TQM practices, but not with greater use of quality rhetoric in either formal strategic documents or informal strategic discussions; the use of extrinsic reward practices – including profit sharing, gainsharing, employment security, and comp time – exhibited a significantly positive moderating effect on the relationship between TQM and perceived firm performance. Regarding implications for practitioners, it is insufficient to include quality rhetoric in the formal and informal strategy. As the anecdotal literature has often advocated, the current research provides empirical support that management must “walk the talk” with regard to TQM efforts. Further, in order to realize even higher levels of firm performance, an organization should utilize reward practices which specifically complement its TQM‐based strategy.
Institutional Pluralism and Housing Delivery: A Case of Unforeseen Conflicts in Mumbai, India

Abstract This paper demonstrates how institutional pluralism in the delivery of housing can evoke major disagreements and ultimately conflict between different stakeholders. The case study focuses on a case of slum redevelopment in Mumbai and shows how a major nongovernment organization (NGO) became involved in conflicts with the other stakeholders, including private market actors, government agencies and even the community group. But, these conflicts did not necessarily have only negative impacts. Under certain conditions, such as when property values were booming in Mumbai, communities can actually benefit from such conflicts.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension and orthostatic edema may share a common pathogenesis

Our aim was to determine the frequency of orthostatic edema (OE) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). We evaluated 30 women with IIH for evidence of OE by comparing sodium and water excretion in the recumbent and standing postures and morning and evening body weights. Data were compared with findings in 30 women with OE, 22 weight-matched obese normal subjects, and 20 lean normal subjects. The effect of treatment with diuretics or diuretics plus sympathomimetic agents was compared. Seventy-seven percent of IIH patients had evidence of peripheral edema and 80% had significant orthostatic retention of sodium or water. Excretion of a standard saline load and of a tap water load was significantly impaired in the upright posture in the IIH and OE patients compared with the lean and obese normal subjects. Diuretic therapy induced weight loss (up to 9 kg) and decreased mean weight gain from morning to evening in 5 of 12 patients treated. In seven patients also treated with diuretics plus sympathomimetic drugs, the diuretic-induced morning weight loss and morning to evening weight gain were both significantly improved with the addition of sympathomimetic agents. Therapy reduced the frequency or severity of headaches in seven patients and reduced papilledema in four patients who received no other concurrent treatment for IIH. The orthostatic retention of sodium and water and the consequent edema is very similar in IIH and OE patients, suggesting a common pathogenesis for both disorders. Diuretic therapy, dietary salt and water restriction, and planned periods of recumbency merit study as a treatment for these patients.
Uncovering the Intrinsic Shapes of Elliptical Galaxies. IV. Tests on Simulated Merger Remnants

We test the methods developed in previous papers for inferring the intrinsic shapes of elliptical galaxies, using simulated objects from N-body experiments. The shapes of individual objects are correctly reproduced to within the statistical errors; close inspection of the results indicates a small systematic bias in the sense of underestimating both the triaxiality and short-to-long axis ratio. We also test the estimation of parent shape distributions, using samples of independent, randomly oriented objects. The best results are statistically accurate, but on average the parent distributions are again slightly biased in the same sense. Using the posterior probability densities for the individual objects, we estimate the magnitude of the bias to be 0.1 in both shape parameters. The results support the continued use of these methods on real systems.
Falling Weight Deflectometer Testing to Determine Relative Damage in Asphalt Pavement Unbound Aggregate Layers

Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing is a nondestructive pavement structural evaluation technique routinely performed on highway and airfield pavements to estimate pavement layer properties from measured deflection basins. This paper presents a methodology based on analyzing FWD test data between trafficked and nontrafficked lanes to determine the degradation and rutting potential of flexible pavement unbound aggregate layers in comparison to the subgrade damage. The validity of the approach is demonstrated by analyzing the heavy weight deflectometer (HWD) data obtained from the FAA's National Airport Pavement Test Facility (NAPTF) flexible airport pavement test sections built with substantially thick unbound aggregate base-subbase courses. The modified base damage index and base curvature index defined from HWD pavement deflection basins were used to determine relative base-to-subgrade damage, which clearly showed evidence of the increased base damage induced in the NAPTF airport pavement layers du...
A Coconstructed World: Adolescent Self-Socialization on the Internet:

Abstract This article examines the ubiquitous Internet as a context for socialization for both younger and older adolescents. This research finds that the Internet adds dimensions to and takes away elements in the socialization process that have not been manifest in the same way in the past. The Internet serves as both an influence agent and an interactive context in which socialization and identity development takes place. The authors find that the lack of the usual adult socialization agents in this context challenges the more traditional view of adolescent socialization and results in a self-socialization process. The authors attempt to understand some of the more subtle practices of self-socializing and identity development that occur during adolescence by describing the interrelated themes that arose from the data, including (1) the online structure and context that supported this self-socialization, (2) adolescents' goals while online, (3) predominant socialization and identity development activitie...
Direct and gestural interaction with relief: a 2.5D shape display

Actuated shape output provides novel opportunities for experiencing, creating and manipulating 3D content in the physical world. While various shape displays have been proposed, a common approach utilizes an array of linear actuators to form 2.5D surfaces. Through identifying a set of common interactions for viewing and manipulating content on shape displays, we argue why input modalities beyond direct touch are required. The combination of freehand gestures and direct touch provides additional degrees of freedom and resolves input ambiguities, while keeping the locus of interaction on the shape output. To demonstrate the proposed combination of input modalities and explore applications for 2.5D shape displays, two example scenarios are implemented on a prototype system.
Stream-Network Navigation in the U.S. Geological Survey StreamStats Web Application

StreamStats is a U.S. Geological Survey Web-based geographic information systems application developed as a tool for water-resources planning and management, engineering design, and other applications. The primary functionality of StreamStats allows users to obtain drainage-basin boundaries, basin characteristics, and streamflow statistics for gaged and ungaged sites. Recently, tools that allow stream-network navigation were added to StreamStats. These tools allow users to select any point along a stream and locate activities upstream and downstream from the selected point, such as streamgaging stations, dams, and point-source discharges, and obtain information about such activities. Users also can obtain stream-reach addresses and estimates of streamflow statistics for the selected points.
The dilation vertex in the path integral formulation of strings

Abstract It is shown that the explicit dilaton vertex of Fradkin and Tseytlyn must be necessarily present in order to define conformally invariant dilaton S -matrix elements in the path integral formulation of strings.
Studies of boosted decision trees for MiniBooNE particle identification

Boosted decision trees are applied to particle identification in the MiniBooNE experiment operated at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) for neutrino oscillations. Numerous attempts are made to tune the boosted decision trees, to compare performance of various boosting algorithms, and to select input variables for optimal performance.
Evaluation of DIG (direct immersion gold) as a new surface finishes for mobile applications

DIG (direct immersion gold) is evaluated as an alternative surface finish solution to Ni/Au system for mobile electronics. Three key points are studied in this paper. First, Au capping layer optimization was studied. At least 0.14/spl mu/m Au thickness is needed to prevent Cu out-diffusion and achieve reasonable assembly process window. Second, compared interfacial microstructures and morphologies of IMCs formed on DIG and Ni/Au surface finishes. DIG provide uniform IMC layer with no void, defect and Au-Sn intermetallic compounds (IMC). Finally, reliability and fracture modes were studied. SAC 405 performs better than eutectic Pb-Sn for the temperature cycling test. Crack in Pb-Sn + DIG system is initiated from interface of Cu/sub 6/Sn/sub 5/ and bulk solder and propagated to bulk solder while crack path of Pb-Sn + Electrolytic Ni/Au is interface of Au-Sn IMC and bulk solder. For drop test, SAC405 + DIG system has mix fracture modes of bulk and IMC brittle fracture while SAC405 + electrolytic Ni/Au has shows complete IMC fracture mode.
The Effects of Telehomecare on Quality and Agency Revenue: A Literature Review

This article reviews the literature that examines the effects of telehomecare on the quality of patient care. This type of research is important, as home care reimbursement transitions to a pay-for-performance model in which quality indicators determine revenue. Research supports the positive effects of telehomecare technology on the quality of patient care; however, no articles discuss the subsequent effect this increased quality of patient care may have on home care agencies' revenue in a pay-for-performance model. Previous research on whether a home care agency should invest in telehomecare technology has focused on the cost-savings an agency can realize by decreasing costs through the substitution of more expensive traditional home visits with telehomecare virtual visits. Research is needed on the effect telehomecare has on enhancing reimbursement so that home care agencies can add this factor to any investment cost analysis in estimating telehomecare's revenue-producing potential.
Metaferrites: using electromagnetic bandgap structures to synthesize metamaterial ferrites

A methodology is presented for the design synthesis of metamaterial ferrites, or metaferrites, that retain their desirable magnetic properties at frequencies above 1 GHz. The design synthesis is accomplished by optimizing a high impedance frequency selective surface (HZ-FSS) structure via a genetic algorithm (GA) for the desired effective permeability of an equivalent magnetic substrate backed by a perfect electric conductor ground plane. The ability to optimize the design parameters of these HZ-FSS structures allows for the possibility of synthesizing low-loss dispersive metaferrites with either a positive or a negative real part of the effective permeability at the desired operating frequency band. The results presented in this paper demonstrate five possible metaferrite designs: two with the associated real and imaginary permeabilities for use as low-loss magnetic materials, and three designs for use as absorbing materials.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Acculturation Rating Scale–II Scale 2 The Case for Measurement of Marginality

The present study compared the dimensionality and viability of Cuellar, Arnold, and Maldonado’s 18-item Marginality Scale to the recently proposed 17-item revision of this scale by Gutierrez, Franco, Powell, Peterson, and Reid. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a 15-item 3-factor solution based on Cuellar et al. and a 17-item 2-factor solution based on Gutierrez et al. both produced adequate fits to the data. However, MANOVA results using Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans–II (ARSMA-II) Scale-1 acculturation typologies (separation, assimilation, integration, and marginalization) to form separate groups showed more sensitive differentiation with the Cuellar et al. three-subscale structure (Anglo Marginalization, Mexican Marginalization, and Mexican American Marginalization) than the Gutierrez et al. two-subscale structure (Dominant Culture Marginality and Native Culture Marginality). Implications for future research were discussed.
Using Google Scholar to Search for Online Availability of a Cited Article in Engineering Disciplines

Many published studies examine the effectiveness of Google Scholar (Scholar) as an index for scholarly articles. This paper analyzes the value of Scholar in finding and labeling online full text of articles using titles from the citations of engineering faculty publications. For the fields of engineering and the engineering colleges in the study, Scholar identified online access for 25% of the chemical engineering and 13% of the mechanical engineering citations. During the study the format that Scholar (which is in beta version) used to present the result set changed. This change now makes discovery of online access to full text of an article readily apparent when it occurs.
CHARACTERIZING CLAY MINERAL SUSPENSIONS USING ACOUSTIC AND ELECTROACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY – A REVIEW

Recently, significant advances have been made in the theory and application of acoustic and electroacoustic spectroscopies for measuring the particle-size distribution (PSD) and zeta potential (ζ potential) of colloidal suspensions, respectively. These techniques extend or replace other techniques, such as light-scattering methods, particularly in concentrated suspensions. In this review, we summarize acoustic and electroacoustic theory and published results on clay mineral suspensions, detail theoretical constraints, and indicate potential applications for the study of environmentally significant clay mineral suspensions. Using commercially available instrumentation and suspension concentrations up to 45 vol.%, acoustic spectroscopy can characterize particle sizes from 10 nm to 10 µm, or greater. Electroacoustic spectroscopy can determine the ζ potential of a suspension with a precision and accuracy in the mV range. Despite the clear potential for their use in environmental settings, to date, acoustic methods have been used mainly on clay mineral colloids with industrial application, typically combined with similar measurements such as isoelectric point (IEP) determined from shear yield stress or ζ potential from electrophoretic mobility measurements. Potential applications in environmentally relevant suspension concentrations are significant, as PSD and ζ potential are important factors influencing the transport of mineral colloids and associated contaminants through porous media. Applications include determining the effects of suspension concentration, surfactants, electrolyte strength, pH and solution composition on soil clay properties and colloidal interactions, and determining changes in PSD, aggregation and ζ potential due to adsorption or variations in the clay mineralogy.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Acyclic Amines Through Zr- and Hf-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkylzinc Reagents to Imines

Readily available chiral amino acid-based ligands are used in metal-catalyzed additions of alkylzinc reagents to various aromatic and aliphatic imines; the desired amine products are formed efficiently and in high levels of optical purity. In cases where the more Lewis acidic Zr salts afford lower efficiency, Hf-based catalysts deliver significantly higher yields with similar enantioselectivities. Critical structural features of the N-activating groups as well as the optimal chiral ligands are discussed. A mechanistic working model is presented to rationalize the existing data and to serve as a predictive tool.
Linoleic and oleic acids alter the licking responses to sweet, salt, sour, and bitter tastants in rats.

The free fatty acids (FFAs), linoleic and oleic acids, commonly found in dietary fats can be detected by rats on the basis of gustatory cues following conditioned taste aversion pairings. FFAs depolarize the membrane potential of isolated rat taste receptor cells by inhibiting delayed rectifying potassium channels. This study examined the licking response of rats to sweet, salt, sour, and bitter taste solutions when 88 lM linoleic acid, 88 lM oleic acid, or an 88 lM linoleic–oleic acid mixture was added to the solutions. The presence of linoleic, oleic, and the linoleic–oleic acid mixture in sweet solutions produced increases in the licking responses, whereas adding linoleic, oleic, and the linoleic–oleic acid mixture to salt, sour, or bitter taste solutions produced decreases in licking responses when compared with the licking responses to the solutions in the absence of the FFAs. We conclude that FFAs may act in the oral cavity to depolarize taste receptor cells and therefore to increase the perceived intensity of concomitant tastants, thus contributing to the enhanced palatability associated with foods containing high dietary fat.
Comparison of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management Techniques with Adolescent Boys.

This study examined the effectiveness of two cognitive-behavioral interventions to help adolescent boys cope with stress and other forms of negative emotional arousal. One group of youths, those receiving cognitive restructuring, learned how to identify and monitor stress-promoting cognitions, restructure these cognitions into more adaptive thoughts, and practice and apply these acquired skills. Another group of youths received anxiety management training, and they were taught to recognize cues that signal the onset of anxiety and to react to these cues using various relaxation skills to reduce the anxiety. The youths who received training were compared with a waiting list control group on measures of anxiety, anger, self-esteem, depression, and reports of anxious self-statements. Both groups that received the intervention showed significant reductions in levels of state and trait anxiety, state anger, anger expression, and depression. These treatment gains were maintained at an 11-week follow-up.
Feminists and Technocrats in the Democratization of Latin America: A Prolegomenon

Women's movements made important contributions to ending the period of authoritarian rule in Latin America, but their participation in the reconstruction of democratic politics has been more limited than expected. This paper argues that the enormous influence exerted by technocratic elites in the democratization process in Latin America has represented an obstacle to the improvement of women's status in the region. Gender-biased assumptions and practices have been only partially addressed, in part because the policy-making process is under the control of economists, a professional group with a particularly unfriendly stand towards gendered analysis. It is suggested that reforms within economics may help in the task of making democracy more responsive to the demands of women.
Real Estate Decision Making in Charitable Organizations

This in-depth exploratory case study examines the real estate decision-making processes in two small, charitable organizations through the lens of Actor Network Theory (ANT). The analysis looked at the relative roles played by various internal and external actors (including influential non-human actors such as feasibility studies, renderings, budgets, and plans) in these complex, bounded rational and political processes and the resulting acceptable, but fragile outcomes. In addition to helping understand the process of creating real estate decisions in the context of nonprofit organizations, the analysis demonstrates that ANT with its focus on how heterogeneous human and non-human actors interact and come together to act as a whole, can be a valuable framework in examining the socio-technical, political process of real estate decision-making. From the presented engaged scholarship, practical implications emerged that can aid nonprofit managers and their boards in real estate decision-making processes.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Credit Semester Course on AIDS among College Students

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a two-credit semester hour course in (1) increasing knowledge about AIDS, (2) increasing positive attitudes toward AIDS, and (3) decreasing negative attitudes toward homosexuality among college students. During the 1988-1989 academic year, pre- and posttest data were gathered before and after the course using a 36-item knowledge test, a 40-item attitude instrument, and a 28-item homosexuality scale. The data were analyzed using t-tests. The mean age of students was 21.2 years old. Females comprised 68.6 percent and males 30.5 percent of the students enrolled. On the pretest, students had a high level of knowledge about AIDS, but negative attitudes toward AIDS and homosexuality were evident regarding some issues. On the posttest, an increase in knowledge, more positive attitudes about AIDS, and a decrease in negative attitudes toward homosexuality were observed and statistically significant (p < .05). This contrasts with other studies ...
Lab-on-a-Bubble Surface Enhanced Raman Indirect Immunoassay for Cholera

We describe a novel sandwich assay based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) comprised of buoyant silica microspheres coated with antibodies against the β subunit of the cholera toxin (CT), and gold nanoparticles tagged with a Raman reporter, shelled with silica and coated with antibodies against the β subunit of the CT. Together these components couple to form a sandwich which, after incubation, floats on the surface of the sample. The buoyant silica microparticle/nanoparticle reporter combination has been coined a lab on a bubble (LoB). LoB materials may provide a platform for rapid detection of antigen in solution and offers advantages over lateral flow or magnetic pull-down assays. The Raman reporter provides a unique and intense signal to indicate a positive analysis. Our limit of detection for the β subunit of the CT in a buffer based system is 1100 ng.
Toxicity of Diflubenzuron in Larvae of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): Effects of Host Plant

Larvae of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), reared on Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, were Significantly more tolerant of both topically and orally administered diflubenzuron than were those raised on white alder ( Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.). Topical administration resulted in an LD50 of 8.96 µg/g larva for larvae reared on Douglas-fir and 3.58 µg/g larva for larvae reared on alder. The LC50s obtained with orally administered diflubenzuron were 0.38 ppm for larvae reared on Douglas-fir and 0.07 ppm for larvae reared on alder. Topically treated females reared on either host and orally treated females reared on alder required significantly longer to pupate than did controls, but developmental periods of males reared on alder and both sexes reared on Douglas-fir were unaffected by oral treatment. Pupal weights were not affected by treatment in either sex, whether larvae were reared on Douglas-fir or alder.
An Examination of the U.S. Public Accounting Profession’s Public Interest Discourse and Actions in Federal Policy Making

Participation in the political process by the United States public accounting profession often blurs the role of the profession as advocates for the public interest with its role as advocates for its own private interests. In this study, we draw from prior theoretical and empirical work to investigate recent federal political activities of the public accounting profession to shed light on these sometimes contradictory roles. In particular, we investigate ten contemporary regulatory issues of interest to the AICPA. We analyze 36 AICPA legislative advocacy letters related to these issues that were provided to federal policy makers. In addition, we analyze the public accounting profession’s federal lobbying reports that were submitted during this same time period. The analysis allows us to assess the public interest discourse present in the AICPA legislative letters as well as the extent of political action taken by the profession related to these issues based on the profession’s lobbying efforts. Our analyses (1) demonstrate that the profession’s discourse and actions often reflect both public and private interest motivations, (2) allow us to categorize the profession’s advocacy efforts as arising from specific motivations, and (3) show that the profession’s public interest arguments used to advocate for their policy positions change depending upon the specific legislative issue being considered.
Hidden Topic Sentiment Model

Various topic models have been developed for sentiment analysis tasks. But the simple topic-sentiment mixture assumption prohibits them from finding fine-grained dependency between topical aspects and sentiments. In this paper, we build a Hidden Topic Sentiment Model (HTSM) to explicitly capture topic coherence and sentiment consistency in an opinionated text document to accurately extract latent aspects and corresponding sentiment polarities. In HTSM, 1) topic coherence is achieved by enforcing words in the same sentence to share the same topic assignment and modeling topic transition between successive sentences; 2) sentiment consistency is imposed by constraining topic transitions via tracking sentiment changes; and 3) both topic transition and sentiment transition are guided by a parameterized logistic function based on the linguistic signals directly observable in a document. Extensive experiments on four categories of product reviews from both Amazon and NewEgg validate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Information processing speed in multiple sclerosis: Past, present, and future

Background:Information processing speed (IPS) is a prevalent cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS).Objectives:This review aims to summarize the methods applied to assess IPS in MS and its theoretical conceptualization. A PubMed search was performed to select articles published between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013, resulting in 157 articles included.Results:The majority (54%) of studies assessed IPS with heterogeneous samples (several disease courses). Studies often report controlling for presence of other neurological disorders (60.5%), age (58.6%), education (51.6%), alcohol history (47.8%), or use of steroids (39.5%). Potential confounding variables, such as recent relapses (50.3%), history of developmental disorders (19.1%), and visual problems (29.9%), were often neglected. Assessments used to study IPS were heterogeneous (ranging from simple to complex tasks) among the studies under review, with 62 different tasks used. Only 9.6% of articles defined the construct of IPS and 22.3% dis...
Analysis on Monitoring Results of Indoor Air Quality of Newly Decorated Apartments in Jingmen City from 2006 to 2009

[Objective] To monitor the pollution levels of formaldehyde,total bacteria,ammonia and radiation in indoor air of newly decorated apartments in Jingmen city,study the factors that influence human health,and put forward the effective prevention and control measures. [Methods]The levels of formaldehyde,ammonia,total bacteria and radiation in indoor air were monitored in 100 newly decorated apartments,and the exceeding standard rates of pollutants were determined according to the Indoor air quality standard(GB/T 18883). [Results]From 2006 to 2009,the exceeding standard rate of formaldehyde and total bacteria in indoor air of newly decorated apartments in Jingmen city was 70.0% and 12.99% respectively.The order of pollution degree was as follows: formaldehydetotal bacteriaammoniaradiation.The regression analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between formaldehyde concentration and related sampling temperature,and the regression equation was Y=0.045 46+ 0.005 75 X. [Conclusion]The pollution of ammonia and the radiation in indoor air of the newly decorated apartments in Jingmen city is slight,the microbial contamination is serious,and the formaldehyde pollution is the most serious.Formaldehyde is the main substance of indoor air pollution.It is necessary to carry out the comprehensive measures which include purification,controlling pollution sources and strengthening ventilation to reduce the formaldehyde pollution in indoor air.
Financial development and the shadow economy: A panel VAR analysis

This paper examines the dynamic relationship between financial development and the shadow economy using data for 161 countries over the period 1960–2009. Specifically, we use a panel vector autoregression model to construct impulse response functions that illustrate the time path of one variable (e.g., the shadow economy) following an orthogonal shock to another variable (e.g., financial development). We find that financial development reduces the size of the shadow economy. Moreover, there is some evidence of reverse causality between these variables; namely, a shock to shadow economy inhibits financial development.
Assistant Decision-making System for Intelligent Dispatching in Regional Power Grid

As a useful expansion of the dispatching automation system,an assistant decision-making software for intelligent dispatch is developed to provide on-line assistant decision-making to dispatching operators from three aspects,i.e.intelligent alarm,fault diagnosis and fault restoration.The intelligent alarm module is used to classify alarming information and solve the signal disturbance problem with compression technology.By introducing the fault reliability index,the fault diagnosis module is enabled to establish a unified information model and a hierarchical diagnosis model,thus improving the practicality of fault diagnosis by adopting multi-mode diagnosis and reasoning technique.The fault restoration module is employed to propose rapid on-line technology for power supply restoration based on the radio principle.Meanwhile in light of the continuous process before and after the power fault,the software has the modules closely integrated into an organic whole that yields good operation effects.
Screening and Surveillance of Barrett’s Esophagus

Abstract It has been estimated that 5.6% of adults in the United States have Barrett’s esophagus (BE). The metaplastic columnar mucosa of BE can silently evolve into adenocarcinoma and thus the clinical importance. The American Gastroenterological Association defines BE as “the condition in which any extent of metaplastic columnar epithelium that predisposes to cancer development replaces the stratified squamous epithelium that normally lines the distal esophagus.” In this chapter, we examine the current guidelines for BE screening, in at-risk patients, and current surveillance approaches for patients with and without dysplasia. We also discuss future novel approaches to Barrett’s screening and surveillance.
Metabolic Response of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma to 131I-Anti-B1 Radioimmunotherapy: Evaluation with FDG PET

UNLABELLED 131I-anti-B1 (CD20) radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a promising approach for treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). We assessed the tumor metabolic response to RIT using FDG PET. METHODS We examined 14 patients with NHL, who were given first a tracer dose of 131I-anti-B1 and then RIT, each preceded by infusion of unlabeled anti-B1. In 8 of 14 patients, PET was performed at baseline and 33-70 d after RIT. The other 6 patients underwent PET at baseline, 6-7 d after the tracer dose, and 5-7 d after RIT to estimate the early response to tracer dose and RIT. To assess tumor FDG uptake, standardized uptake value normalized for lean body mass (SUV-lean) was measured 1 h after FDG injection. RESULTS After RIT, complete response was observed in 6 patients, partial response in 6, and no response in 2. At 33-70 d after RIT, mean SUV-lean of 6 responders markedly declined to 41% of the baseline value (P < 0.002). Soon after tracer dose and after RIT, mean SUV-lean of the other 6 responders decreased to 79% and 62% of the baseline values, respectively (P < 0.05). In 2 nonresponders, SUV-lean did not significantly decline from the baseline value at 37 d after RIT. CONCLUSION FDG PET metabolic data obtained 1-2 mo after RIT correlate well with the ultimate best response of NHL to RIT, more significantly than the early data after tracer dose or RIT. FDG uptake in NHL may decline gradually after RIT in responding patients.
Hormone-Dependent and Experience-Dependent Auditory Plasticity for Social Communication

The auditory neural circuit is embedded in a physiological environment that can be influenced by hormones. Early work demonstrated that hormone mechanisms are highly responsive to social contexts. More recent work shows that hormones affect auditory processing across contexts, leading to adaptive responses to auditory cues, including those involved in social communication. This chapter addresses recent progress in studying these and related mechanisms among mammals in a maternal communication paradigm, wherein both reproductive hormones (e.g., estrogen, oxytocin) and social experience (infant–mother interaction) shape auditory responses to infant sounds. By broadly reviewing studies ranging from hormones and behavior to sensory processing and plasticity, this chapter lays out a systematic approach to investigating how hormones may provide a mechanism for enhancing the perception and learning of auditory cues in reproductive and other social contexts. As discussed, reproductive-related hormones may induce plasticity in central auditory circuitry to enable a sustained trace of infant vocalizations in the auditory cortex, allowing for better recognition and detection of infant cues and sustained maternal behavior.
Early Behavioral Phenotypes in Mouse Models of Huntington’s and Parkinson’s Diseases

Mouse models of HD and PD have begun to provide extremely valuable tools to examine the effects of the disease-causing mutations in a mammalian organism, in vivo. This level of analysis is less amenable to mechanistic or genetic analyses than in vitro models, or other model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, or zebra fish. However, it is necessary to assess the role of anatomical connections in disease pathology and for preclinical drug testing. For this purpose, it is essential to develop batteries of sensitive behavioral tests to detect early and robust phenotypes amenable to easy and cost-effective drug trials. We have shown that despite the absence of the massive neuronal cell loss observed during the symptomatic phase of the human diseases, such behavioral phenotypes can be identified, at an early age in several, genetically distinct, mouse models of both HD and PD.
Role of CalDAG-GEFI in Calcium-Dependent Thromboxane A2 Generation

Abstract The second messenger Ca2+ is essential for various platelet functions, including integrin activation, thromboxane A2 (TxA2) generation and granule release. In previous studies, we have identified Ca2+- and diacylglycerol-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor I (CalDAG-GEFI) as a key molecule regulating Ca2+-dependent activation of Rap1 and integrins in platelets. Here we demonstrate that CalDAG-GEFI/Rap1 signaling is required for Ca2+-dependent ERK 1/2 activation and TxA2 generation in platelets. Impaired TxA2 formation was observed in collagen- and convulxin-activated CalDAG-GEFI deficient platelets, both at high and low doses of agonists. In contrast, no defect in TxA2 generation was observed in mutant platelets stimulated with high doses of PAR4-activating peptide, suggesting that CalDAG-GEFI may be particularly important for TxA2 generation in platelets activated through the major collagen receptor, GPVI. Our data further demonstrate a strong correlation between reduced TxA2 generation and impaired activation of ERK1/2 and Rap1 in mutant platelets. Pretreatment of CalDAG-GEFI−'/− platelets with 2-MesAMP, an inhibitor of P2Y12/Gi signaling, blocked the residual TxA2 production. These data suggest that CalDAG-GEFI synergizes with the Gi signaling pathway to control TxA2 generation. Finally, addition of thromboxane A2 analog, U46619, restored dense granule release in CalDAG-GEFI-deficient platelets stimulated with low doses of convulxin, suggesting that impaired TxA2 generation contributes to the defect in granule release previously described for CalDAG-GEFI−/− platelets. In conclusion, our studies strongly support that CalDAG-GEFI is the elusive Ca2+ sensor that links increases in intracellular Ca2+ to the signaling pathways regulating integrin activation and TxA2 formation in stimulated platelets.
Balanced and falling states for biped systems: Applications to robotic versus human walking stability

Designing a balance controller that allows a robot to perform human-like dynamic and stable walking is still a challenge. In this work, a recent theoretical framework for the balance stability analysis of bipeds is extended to two real multibody biped systems: a robot and a human subject. For each system in single support (SS) contact configuration, the threshold between balanced and falling state is calculated, resulting in the biped-specific balance stability boundary. This boundary identifies, in the state space of the center of mass (COM), all possible states that are balanced with respect to SS. A COM state outside of the boundary represents the sufficient condition for a falling state, from which a change in the current SS contact configuration is inevitable. The walking trajectories of both systems are analyzed in relationship with their respective stability boundary, in order to extrapolate useful implications on the different balance control of robot vs. human during the SS phase of walking. In addition, a metrics that quantifies the degree of instantaneous stability/instability is formulated, based on the relative distance from a COM state to the closest point on the stability boundary. The method and results proposed can help the improvement of current balance controllers in walking robots.
Trends in Faculty-Load Weighting.

(1970). Trends in Faculty-Load Weighting. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 41, No. 7, pp. 38-39.
Epigenetic mechanisms underlying arsenic-induced toxicity

Abstract Millions of individuals world-wide are exposed to potentially harmful levels of inorganic arsenic that exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limit of 10 μg/L. To date, studies on inorganic arsenic-associated epigenetic modifications suggest numerous mechanisms by which inorganic arsenic impacts DNA methylation, miRNA expression, and histones. For example, evidence supports that inorganic arsenic modifies the enzymatic activity of DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferase (HAT). Both in vitro and in vivo evidence support that inorganic arsenic acts as an epigenetic modifier of genes involved in critical cellular functions such as cellular growth and immune response. Future research should focus on scientific gaps related to the functional consequences of the epigenetic modifications, the impact of sexual dimorphism of epigenetic marks, the cross-talk among epigenetic modifiers, and the temporal stability of epigenetic marks.
Haplotype phasing in single-cell DNA-sequencing data.

Motivation Current technologies for single-cell DNA sequencing require whole-genome amplification (WGA), as a single cell contains too little DNA for direct sequencing. Unfortunately, WGA introduces biases in the resulting sequencing data, including non-uniformity in genome coverage and high rates of allele dropout. These biases complicate many downstream analyses, including the detection of genomic variants. Results We show that amplification biases have a potential upside: long-range correlations in rates of allele dropout provide a signal for phasing haplotypes at the lengths of amplicons from WGA, lengths which are generally longer than than individual sequence reads. We describe a statistical test to measure concurrent allele dropout between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across multiple sequenced single cells. We use results of this test to perform haplotype assembly across a collection of single cells. We demonstrate that the algorithm predicts phasing between pairs of SNPs with higher accuracy than phasing from reads alone. Using whole-genome sequencing data from only seven neural cells, we obtain haplotype blocks that are orders of magnitude longer than with sequence reads alone (median length 10.2 kb versus 312 bp), with error rates <2%. We demonstrate similar advantages on whole-exome data from 16 cells, where we obtain haplotype blocks with median length 9.2 kb-comparable to typical gene lengths-compared with median lengths of 41 bp with sequence reads alone, with error rates <4%. Our algorithm will be useful for haplotyping of rare alleles and studies of allele-specific somatic aberrations. Availability and implementation Source code is available at https://www.github.com/raphael-group. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.