cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MEMS Electric-Field Probes for Laboratory Plasmas

This paper presents microfabricated sensors for directly measuring fine-scale plasma parameters in typical laboratory plasmas. Microfabricated probes have the potential to significantly advance basic plasma physics by enabling the measurement of fundamental processes under controlled conditions. Historically, the spatial scales of the finest electromagnetic-field fluctuations in laboratory plasmas have been too small for conventionally fabricated tools to sense. The new probes are arrays of electric-field sensors for measuring Debye-scale structures in the Large Plasma Device (LAPD) at the University of California at Los Angeles. Typical Debye lengths in the LAPD are 25 mum, with electron gyroradii of about twice that value. The probes are constructed of polyimide, chrome, and gold; have electrode widths ranging from 8 to 20 mum; are 23 mum thick; and are spaced 40 mum apart. The probes are wire bonded to a printed circuit board with commercial amplifiers, and the ensemble is placed inside the plasma chamber. The frequency response of the measurement system extends to 1 GHz. The probes have been used to measure the electric fields of interesting structures in the LAPD.
Gradient-based non-linear microstructure design

Fourier analysis is implemented on the orientation distribution of a polycrystalline microstructure. The linearity and convexity of the Fourier space, with respect to orientation, allows one to consider all possible distributions by considering all linear combinations of single-grain orientations. The limits of the Fourier space are therefore defined by the solutions to a set of linear programming problems. A unique approach to the linear programming, similar to the Krylov subspace methods for obtaining solutions to linear systems, is presented. The method is particularly efficient for this application where a large number of independent variables is often required. These solutions are then used as the constraints in the gradient-based optimization of non-linear functions within the Fourier space. In the example, Taylor yield theory and an anisotropic solution for the stress concentration around a hole in a plate of cubic-orthotropic polycrystalline material are expressed as non-linear functions within the Fourier space. The maximum obtainable ratio of Taylor factor to stress concentration for any polycrystalline orientation distribution in copper is found to be 1.22, more than double the minimum value.
Q-factor prediction and optimization of multilayer inductors for RF packaging microsystems using time domain techniques

This paper presents methods using time domain electromagnetic modeling techniques to characterize passive devices in packaging structures. Particularly, the Q of a novel multilayer inductor is predicted. The inductor uses a "hollow ground plane" configuration to increase performance. The modeling techniques employed include dielectric loss modeling to accurately characterize the device. In addition, several optimizations are used in order to speed computation.
Development, present state, and outlook of spot test analysis

Approximately thirty years ago the senior author, in his doctorate thesis, showed that surprisingly sensitive tests for metals could be made by means of spot reactions performed on filter paper. Since that time steady progress has been made and the whole field of spot test analysis has developed to where it is now an important method of detecting, or sometimes of determining inorganic and organic materials.
Association between various sedentary behaviours and all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: the Multiethnic Cohort Study

Background It has been proposed that time spent sitting increases all-cause mortality, but evidence to support this hypothesis, especially the relative effects of various sitting activities alone or in combination, is very limited. Methods The association between various sedentary behaviours (time spent: sitting watching television (TV); in other leisure activities; in a car/bus; at work; and at meals) and mortality (all-cause and cause-specific) was examined in the Multiethnic Cohort Study, which included 61 395 men and 73 201 women aged 45–75 years among five racial/ethnic groups (African American, Latino, Japanese American, Native Hawaiian and White) from Hawaii and Los Angeles, USA. Results Median follow-up was 13.7 years and 19 143 deaths were recorded. Total daily sitting was not associated with mortality in men, whereas in women the longest sitting duration (≥10 h/day vs <5 h/day) was associated with increased all-cause (11%) and cardiovascular (19%) mortality. Multivariate hazard ratios (HR) for ≥5 h/day vs <1 h/day of sitting watching TV were 1.19 in men (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.29) and 1.32 in women (95% CI 1.21–1.44) for all-cause mortality. This association was consistent across four racial/ethnic groups, but was not seen in Japanese Americans. Sitting watching TV was associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular mortality, but not for cancer mortality. Time spent sitting in a car/bus and at work was not related to mortality. Conclusions Leisure time spent sitting, particularly watching television, may increase overall and cardiovascular mortality. Sitting at work or during transportation was not related to mortality.
The Voluntary Sector's War on Poverty

In 1970, Elizabeth Wickenden, a longtime activist on behalf of public social provision and a broker between voluntary social welfare agencies and the federal government, despaired of a quiet revolution occurring in social service provision. “Virtually unchallenged and undebated,” she observed, “the principle established with the first large-scale federal welfare program, the Federal Emergency Welfare Administration [ sic ], that public funds should only be expended by public agencies, was quietly repudiated.” Through a series of domestic initiatives, including the Economic Opportunity Act of 1965 and amendments to the Social Security Act in 1967, the federal government had begun to channel a significant amount of money through nongovernmental organizations. To older activists like Wickenden, who had fought hard to build the public infrastructure of the welfare state, such a trend was troubling, as it seemed to indicate a dwindling commitment to public social provision that had informed New Deal social policy.
High-resolution spectral self-interference fluorescence microscopy

We present a new method of fluorescence imaging, which yields nm-scale axial height determination and ~15 nm axial resolution. The method uses the unique spectral signature of the fluorescent emission intensity well above a reflecting surface to determine vertical position unambiguously. We have demonstrated axial height determination with nm sensitivity by resolving the height difference of fluorescein directly on the surface or on top of streptavidin. While different positions of fluorophores of different color are determined independently with nm precision, resolving the position of two fluorophores of the same color is a more convoluted problem due to the finite spectral emission widow of the fluorophores. Hence, for physically close (<λ/2) fluorophores, it is necessary to collect multiple spectra by independently scanning an excitation standing wave in order to deconvolute the contribution to the spectral pattern from different heights. Moving the excitation standing wave successively enhances or suppresses excitation from different parts of the height distribution, changing the spectral content. This way two fluorophores of the same color can be resolved to better than 20 nm. Design aspects of the dielectric stack for independent excitation wave scanning and limits of deconvolution for an arbitrary height distribution will be discussed.
Promoting Identity Development in Adolescents

A model of identity formation based on the cognitive developmental stages of social-perspective taking is described. The model assumes that identity can be achieved through cognitive strategies of considering the self in relation to one friend, one's family, the peer group, and society. A study with high school students was undertaken to test the model. The program included 43 high school seniors and lasted for two weeks. The experimental students were asked to take the perspective of each social entity above and then to consider how the self was like and unlike these. Repeated measures analyses of variance showed that the experimentals gained significantly more than the controls on Rasmussen's Ego Identity Scale (EIS) following the program.
Complex Correlates of Protection After Vaccination

In several prior articles I have attempted to analyze and simplify the subject of immunological functions induced by vaccination that correlate with protection against later exposure to pathogens. Other authors have also written on the subject, and recently we jointly proposed terminology to bring some semantic clarity to the field. The generalization that vaccine-induced antibodies prevent acquisition whereas cellular immune functions clear infection still holds true, but that simple distinction becomes blurred in many instances. Specific antibody and cellular responses are multiple and redundant, so that vaccines for some pathogens protect through more than 1 immune function. Thus, this article aims in the direction opposite to simplicity to depict the complexity of correlates, or rather the complexity of mechanistic immune functions that contribute to protection. Nonmechanistic correlates that are practically useful but not truly protective will be mentioned in passing.
Regulation of Aldosterone Synthesis and Secretion

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone synthesized in and secreted from the outer layer of the adrenal cortex, the zona glomerulosa. Aldosterone is responsible for regulating sodium homeostasis, thereby helping to control blood volume and blood pressure. Insufficient aldosterone secretion can lead to hypotension and circulatory shock, particularly in infancy. On the other hand, excessive aldosterone levels, or those too high for sodium status, can cause hypertension and exacerbate the effects of high blood pressure on multiple organs, contributing to renal disease, stroke, visual loss, and congestive heart failure. Aldosterone is also thought to directly induce end-organ damage, including in the kidneys and heart. Because of the significance of aldosterone to the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, it is important to understand the regulation of its biosynthesis and secretion from the adrenal cortex. Herein, the mechanisms regulating aldosterone production in zona glomerulosa cells are discussed, with a particular emphasis on signaling pathways involved in the secretory response to the main controllers of aldosterone production, the renin-angiotensin II system, serum potassium levels and adrenocorticotrophic hormone. The signaling pathways involved include phospholipase C-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, cytosolic calcium levels, calcium influx pathways, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, diacylglycerol, protein kinases C and D, 12-hydroxyeicostetraenoic acid, phospholipase D, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, tyrosine kinases, adenylate cyclase, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. A complete understanding of the signaling events regulating aldosterone biosynthesis may allow the identification of novel targets for therapeutic interventions in hypertension, primary aldosteronism, congestive heart failure, renal disease, and other cardiovascular disorders.
The Angular Gyrus in Developmental Dyslexia: Task-Specific Differences in Functional Connectivity Within Posterior Cortex:

Converging evidence from neuroimaging studies of developmental dyslexia reveals dysfunction at posterior brain regions centered in and around the angular gyrus in the left hemisphere. We examined functional connectivity (covariance) between the angular gyrus and related occipital and temporal lobe sites, across a series of print tasks that systematically varied demands on phonological assembly. Results indicate that for dyslexic readers a disruption in functional connectivity in the language-dominant left hemisphere is confined to those tasks that make explicit demands on assembly. In contrast, on print tasks that do not require phonological assembly, functional connectivity is strong for both dyslexic and nonimpaired readers. The findings support the view that neurobiological anomalies in developmental dyslexia are largely confined to the phonological-processing domain. In addition, the findings suggest that right-hemisphere posterior regions serve a compensatory role in mediating phonological performance in dyslexic readers.
(Z)‐2‐(3‐Thien­yl)‐3‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxy­phenyl)acrylonitrile

The title compound, C16H15NO3S, was prepared by base-catalyzed reaction of 3,4,5-trimethoxy­benzaldehyde with thio­phene-3-acetonitrile. The olefinic bond has Z geometry and thien­yl ring flip disorder is observed.
Analysis of flow and heat transfer in porous media imbedded inside various-shaped ducts

Heat transfer to a fluid passing through a channel filled with porous materials is the subject of this investigation. It includes the derivation of the temperature solutions in channels having different cross sectional geometries. Primarily, consideration is given to a modified Graetz problem in parallel plate channels and circular tubes. This presentation includes numerical features of the exact series solution for these two ducts using the Brinkman’s model. The results are compared to results from another numerical study based on the method of weighted residuals. Moreover, as a test case, the method of weighted residuals provided flow and heat transfer in elliptical passages. The results include the computation of heat transfer to fluid flowing through elliptical passages with different aspect ratios.
Informal Private Equity Investment Networks: The Role of the Nexus Angel

Start-up entrepreneurs seek private equity funding from angel investors, but these investors are notoriously hard to identify, preferring to remain hidden from view. This article identifies and examines a special category of angel investors who appear to provide the entrepreneur access to these hidden investment groups. The authors describe how to find these investors, termed nexus angels, and explicate their motivations and behaviors pre- and post-investment, providing a look into the inner workings of these shadowed angel groups. They discuss how nexus angels can help entrepreneurs get angel funding and provide the entrepreneur the support and advice necessary to attract additional capital and help grow the entrepreneur’s business.
Wanted, a principia mathematica for the 21st century: the definitive treatise embracing richly-structured chemical/biochemical/electrochemical networks

Three centuries ago, Newton brought forth his principia which furnished the physical underpinnings for the first industrial revolution. Then at the outset of our own century, Whitehead and Russell, in a second principia, supplied the logical foundations supporting a second industrial revolution in communication, computing and control. Now we require yet another principia, to foster an emergent third revolutionary epoch, wherein a rich variety of ions and other reactive molecules will augment our mere electrons, holes and photons so that catalysis ranks with conductance and capacitance, and enzymics melds gracefully with electronics. >
Placing journalism inside memory — and memory studies

This article contends that it is important for scholars to ask what it matters that certain memory stories are told in journalistic prose and format and are received by audiences as `news'. Yet it also suggests that we must understand that journalism works within (not apart from) other cultural memory forms, and that it constructs memory not just with regard to discrete events, but across time and place. Finally, considering parallel debates across disciplines, this article is a call to reassess our definitions of legitimate subjects of study. It argues that scholars should pay attention to forms of journalism beyond elite news organizations and to recognize that journalism is a site of memory construction not only about shocking events, but also about everyday life. Indeed, if we expand our definitions of journalism and of memory, we broaden the relevance and the uses of journalism in memory studies.
Resistance To Liberalization: The Effects Of Individual Decision Making On Opposition To Multilateral Liberalization Through The WTO

This paper examines the sources of the resistance to liberalization in the United States and its effects on the political climate in which the WTO member nations continue to pursue liberalization. This analysis utilizes the findings of mainstream economic theory to argue that opposition to the WTO is rooted in rational economic decision-making. A majority-voting model is used to more formally illustrate that this rational decision making affects the composition of public opposition and results in a resistance to liberalization by a majority of the populace, even if a majority will benefit from the movement toward free trade. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the theoretical analysis focusing on the importance of Trade Adjustment Assistance and continued multilateral liberalization through the WTO.
Electronic Computers in Surveying Operations

Electronic digital computers provide means of computing two types of problems: routine, repetitious, time-consuming problems, and new, elaborate problems; examples of each type in surveying operations are given; opportunities for new concepts in teaching of surveying through use of electronic computer are described.
Spontaneously recovered severe thrombocytopaenia following zoledronic acid infusion for osteoporosis

Zoledronic acid is widely used for the treatment of various skeletal disorders. While acute phase reactions are commonly seen, hypocalcaemia, femoral shaft fractures, osteonecrosis of the jaw and renal failure are rare. Two cases of fatal thrombocytopaenic purpura have been reported following zoledronic acid infusion. We report a case of non-fatal thrombocytopaenia with spontaneous recovery. A 70-year woman with osteoporosis participated in a research study. Complete blood and platelet counts prior to zoledronic acid infusion were normal (138 000/µL), but had declined slightly from 185 000/µL 2 years ago. One year after the first zoledronic acid infusion, her platelet count declined to 50 000/µL without any clinical manifestations, and rose slowly returning to normal (156 000/µL) over the next 1 year. Extensive evaluation did not reveal any specific abnormalities, and the pathogenesis of her transient severe thrombocytopaenia after two infusions of zoledronic acid remains unclear.
INDIRECT SELECTION OF STIGMA POSITION IN IPOMOPSIS AGGREGATA VIA A GENETICALLY CORRELATED TRAIT

Experimental manipulation of a trait can be used to distinguish direct selection from selection of correlated traits and to identify mechanisms of selection. Here we use experiments to investigate phenotypic selection of stigma position in angiosperm flowers. In natural populations of the subalpine herb Ipomopsis aggregata, plants with more strongly exserted stigmas receive more pollen per flower, indicating selection favoring stigma exsertion during the pollination stage of the life cycle. We pose four hypotheses for this association, two involving direct selection on stigma position and two involving indirect selection of a correlated floral trait. The first three hypotheses were tested using hand pollinations that mimicked natural hummingbird visitation, and by presenting captive hummingbirds with a series of flowers that differed in stigma and anther positions, sex ratio, and presence of anthers. In these experiments, pollen deposition either was independent of stigma exsertion or was highest on inserted stigmas, suggesting direct selection against exserted stigmas. In natural populations, however, stigma exsertion is highly correlated with time spent by the protandrous flowers in the pistillate phase. When we manipulated the latter trait in the field, pollen deposition increased with duration of exposure to hummingbirds, indicating indirect selection for stigma exsertion. Stigma exsertion and time spent in the pistillate phase are genetically and phenotypically correlated, as shown by a quantitative genetic experiment conducted in the field with paternal half sibships. Our results suggest that the evolution of stigma position can be driven by selection of a genetically correlated trait.
An Ecological Study of the Lima-Bean Pod Borer, Etiella zinckenella (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae), in Southern California

Ecological studies of the lima-bean pod borer, Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke), conducted in a coastal area of southern California during 1963 and 1964, revealed that 3–4 larval generations occurred on lima beans between planting in April and cessation of growth in January. The population reached its peak in September during the second generation with 123 larvae per 100 pods in 1963 and 140 in 1964, resulting in 71% and 76% pod infestation, and 47% and 49% bean injury, respectively. Overall pod infestation was 21.5% and 26.8%, and bean injury was 12.7% and 15.9%, in 1963 and 1964, respectively. Four larval parasites were reared, including Bracon platynotae (Cushman), Bracon sp., Perisierola cellularis (Say), and Zatropis tortricidis Crawford, with the last-named accounting for about 94% of the total parasitization each year. Parasitization reached identical peaks of 28% on October 22, 1963, and on November 10, 1964. Larval mortality (nonpathogenic) reached a peak of 43% on August 13, 1963, and 36% on November 17, 1964. Total larval mortality (dead and parasitized) reached peaks of 57% and 45% on August 13 and November 10 in 1963 and 1964, respectively. Overall larval mortality was 8.8% and 6.4%, including 5.6% and 4.3% dead, and 3.2% and 2.1% parasitized larvae in 1963 and 1964, respectively.
The Corresponding Characters of the Water of Confucianism and the Water of Literature

"The beginning of chaos" and "the water produced in Taiyi" can prove that water exists before the separation of "yin" and "yang",and the water is the original element of the world.Chinese Confucianism considers "yinyang" and the "Five Elements" as the core category and uses the method of inference to explain everything.Water is listed into the "Eight Trigrams" and the "Five Elements",and is regarded as the origin of everything.Moreover,people often liken the features of water to the morality of human beings,thus leading to the profound influence on the water-image of Chinese literature.The clearness and turbidness of water is used as the opposite themes of the kindness and evil of morality in poems.
Efficacy and benefits of catheter ablation of ventricular premature complexes in patients younger and older than 65 years of age.

OBJECTIVES Catheter ablation of ventricular premature complexes (VPC) improves clinical status and systolic performance of the left ventricle (LV) in a certain subset of patients; however, whether or not VPC ablation is equally effective in younger ( 65 years) patients remains unclear. We aimed to assess the clinical benefits of catheter ablation of VPCs in elderly patients. STUDY DESIGN Fifty-one consecutive patients (66±10 years, 49 male) who underwent catheter ablation for symptomatic VPCs were included into the study. Twenty-seven patients were aged >65 years and 24 patients 65 years compared to those 65 years and to 3.8±7.1 (p 65 years and 40.8±13.2 vs. 49.5±11.8, p=0.003 for age 65 years and p=0.047 for <=65 years). CONCLUSION Catheter ablation is effective for treatment of frequent VPCs in all age groups.
Chiral Resolution and Absolute Configuration of the Enantiomers of the Psychoactive “Designer Drug” 3,4‐Methylenedioxypyrovalerone

Illicit rac-MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone), manufactured in clandestine labs, has become widely abused for its cocaine-like stimulant properties. It has recently been found as one of the toxic materials in the so-called "bath salts," producing, among other effects, psychosis and tachycardia in humans when introduced by any of the several routes of administration (e.g., intravenous, oral, etc.). The considerable toxicity of this "designer drug" probably resides in one of the enantiomers of the racemate. In order to obtain a sufficient amount of the enantiomers of rac-MDPV to determine their activity, we improved the known synthesis of rac-MDPV and found chemical resolving agents, (+)- and (-)-2'-bromotetranilic acid, that gave the MDPV enantiomers in >96% enantiomeric excess as determined by (1) H nuclear magnetic resonance and chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. The absolute stereochemistry of these enantiomers was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
Cognitive Radio Policy Language and Policy Engine

This chapter discusses the cognitive radio policy language (PL) and policy engine (PE). Various design considerations apply to any PL and PE for CRs and DSA. Different choices lead to different expressiveness of language and varying reasoning capabilities. It provides an overview of the requirements for the PL and PE that inform design. There are many advantages in using a policy-based approach to CRs. Deployment delays are drastically reduced because a policy-based architecture enables policies, policy reasoners, and radio devices to be accredited separately. Policies can be used to describe preferences and constraints on parameters, such as priority of traffic, security, quality of service, and probability of interference. Radio behavior can be changed in flexible ways at runtime by changing such policies. Finally, by having policies with clear, easily understood semantics, one can coordinate a variety of organizational entities. For example, regulators can specify admissible transmission behavior in a policy, or network managers with proper authority can activate, or deactivate, policies to flexibly control the network.
First year symposium: one college’s response to the perceived “deficit” in civic education

ABSTRACTThis essay outlines a unique program developed at Davis & Elkins College: the First Year Symposium. Responding to concerns about the lack of civic engagement in America’s youth and the call for colleges and universities to develop strategic plans for addressing democratic learning, the First Year Symposium is a required class for all baccalaureate degree-seeking students enrolled at Davis & Elkins College. The course is divided into three distinct week-long experiences during the winter term that address the acquisition of democratic knowledge, the development of skills necessary for civic engagement, and the dispositions of students toward government and the democratic process. The authors argue that the First Year Symposium has had several positive effects on the Davis & Elkins College campus, and suggest that it can serve as a model for how colleges and universities can design unique course experiences that satisfy the need for increased civic learning.
A Heuristic Based Framework for Improving Design of Unmanned Systems by Quantifying and Assessing Operator Trust

Operator trust in autonomous capability is a critical factor affecting the success of fielded unmanned systems. However, current means of identifying trusted system behavior do not sufficiently inf...
Treadmill exercise improves fitness and reduces craving and use of cocaine in individuals with concurrent cocaine and tobacco-use disorder

Exercise may be a useful treatment for substance use disorders. Participants (N=24) included treatment-seeking individuals with concurrent cocaine and tobacco-use disorder (cigarette smokers). Participants were randomized to either running or walking (30min per session, 3 times per week) or sitting (control condition) for 4 consecutive weeks. Several metrics indicated significant differences among runners, walkers, and sitters during sessions, including mean distance covered and calories burned. In addition, remote physiological monitoring showed that the groups differed significantly according to mean maximum heart rate (HR), respiration, and locomotor activity. Across the 4-week study, exercise improved fitness measures including significantly decreasing resting HR. Though not statistically significant, exercise improved abstinence from cocaine and increased self-reports of no cocaine use in last 24h. In general, reductions in tobacco use and craving were not as robust. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the effects of a multi-week exercise program in individuals with concurrent cocaine and tobacco-use disorder. The data clearly show significant improvements in basic fitness measures and several indices reveal that exercise improved both self-report and biochemically verified reports of cocaine abstinence. Taken together, the data from this study provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of exercise for improving fitness and reducing cocaine use.
High Precision Irradiation Techniques for NTD Silicon at the University of Missouri Research Reactor

The design factors which governed the construction of present NTD irradiation facilities at MURR were efficient utilization of reflector space, good doping accuracy, good doping uniformity, and potential for growth. The present MURR flux integration system will be described. This system consists of 1.5 mm diameter, self- powered neutron detectors and high precision analogue current integrators. These are utilized at each sample position to achieve an overall fluence accuracy of better than ± 1%. The integration system is used to determine the 50% of total fluence point at which samples are flipped end-for-end. This technique, as opposed to flux flattening or sample spiraling, provides a very efficient utilization of reflector space without compromising axial uniformity. Axial uniformity obtainable in any position is better than ± 4% of target over sample lengths of 250 mm. Sample rotators are used to obtain radial uniformity of better than ± \% up to 86 mm diameter. Present irradiation positions consist of two 750 mm long x 85 mm diameter, two 750 mm long x 60 mm diameter, seven 750 mm long x 80 mm diameter, and a high precision variable flux facility. The present MURR capacity is of the order of 15–20 ppb-tonnes per year.
Conceivability, intensionality, and the logic of Anselm's modal argument for the existence of God

Saint Anselme de Canterbury est connu pour avoir mis en forme l'argument ontologique en faveur de l'existence de Dieu. L'A. profite de cet article pour discuter cet argument sur un plan philosophico-religieux : il s'agit de remettre en cause les concepts de concevabilite et d'intentionnalite dans l'argument ontologique. Cela implique pour l'A. d'en degager toute la logique dans un premier temps en reconstituant sa structure modale. La structure ayant ete isolee, l'A. examine les arguments de saint Anselme sur l'incomprehensibilite de Dieu. Il emet enfin une analyse critique sur ce que le theologien fait de l'argument d'intentionnalite
Valorization of underutilized North American pawpaw (Asimina triloba): investigation as a lipid oxidation inhibitor in turkey homogenate model system

The objective of this study was to characterize the ability of extracts from nine varieties of pawpaw pulp standardized to the phenolics level of 0.1% grape seed extract (GSE) on inhibition of the formation of thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) in a turkey model system. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was also determined using four common assays.; Results: Over the 240 min sampling time, the standardized pawpaw extracts from all nine varieties were as effective as GSE in inhibiting TBARS formation in turkey muscle homogenate compared to the untreated control. Extracts from all pawpaw varieties and GSE began to inhibit TBARS formation at 60 min of incubation, and by 240 min TBARS were reduced from 35 μmol malondialdehyde kg-1 tissue in the homogenate to which no antioxidant was added to 4-18 μmol malondialdehyde kg-1 tissue in the antioxidant-enriched extracts. There does not appear to be a clear relationship between inhibition of TBARS and any of the antioxidant capacity measurements (ORAC, DPPH inhibition, reducing potential as measured by FRAP assay, or pyrogallol red bleaching).; Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that there is potential to add value to pawpaw as a functional food source of natural antioxidants, particularly in meat products. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Strain Energy Dissipation Mechanisms in Carbon Nanotube Composites Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) composites fabricated using a fused deposition modeling approach were characterized for mechanical strain energy storage and dissipation capabilities. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was performed to quantify loss factor as a function of applied dynamic strain. In addition, DMA was performed at varying temperatures to give insight into the molecular interactions present in these composites. Insight into the microstructure was provided by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results are compared to neat ABS and ABS/CNT systems processed through an injection molding technique. Results show large energy dissipation, accompanied by permanent damage, in both injection molded and additively manufactured neat ABS samples. In contrast, the additively manufactured ABS/CNT nanocomposites exhibited strain energy dissipation but reduced the effect of cavitation and crazing by possible reinforcement. This result suggests CNT fillers have the potential to alter the dissipation mechanisms present in additively manufactured structures to control structural damping. This research provides insight into the design and additive manufacturing of materials where energy dissipation is essential to maintain structural stability and functionality under dynamic loading.
Life cycle efficiency of beef production: IX. Relationship between residual feed intake of heifers and cow efficiency ratios based on harvest, carcass, and wholesale cut weight outputs.

Data were collected from 1953 through 1980 from identical and fraternal twin beef and dairy females born in 1953, 1954, 1959, 1964, and 1969, from crossbred females born as singles in 1974, and their progeny. Numbers of dams that weaned at least one calf and were included in the first analysis were 37, 45, and 56 in the 1964, 1969, and 1974 data sets, respectively. Respective numbers of dams that weaned three calves and were included in a second analysis were 6, 8, 8, 22, 33, and 33 in the 1953, 1954, 1959, 1964, 1969, and 1974 experiments. Individual feed consumption was measured at 28-d intervals from the time females were placed on the experiment at 240 d of age until three calves were weaned or the dams had reached 5 yr of age. Residual feed intake (RFI) and residual BW gain (RG) of heifers that subsequently became dams were determined based on ADG and DMI from 240 d of age to first calving. Various measures of cow efficiency were calculated on either a life cycle or actual lifetime basis using ratios of progeny and dam weight outputs to progeny and dam feed inputs. The correlation between RFI and DMI was large and positive (r = 0.67; P 0.10) to -0.17 (P 0.10) to 0.23 (P < 0.05), demonstrating that heifers with better (i.e., more positive) values for RG were somewhat more efficient as cows. The correlations were stronger when cow salvage value was included in the measures of cow efficiency. Correlations of DMI and mid-test metabolic BW (MMW) with life cycle cow efficiency ratios that did not include cow salvage value as output ranged from -0.15 (P < 0.10) to -0.22 (P < 0.01). Correlations of DMI and MMW with actual lifetime cow efficiency ratios varied from -0.20 (P < 0.05) to -0.36 (P < 0.001). Therefore, smaller heifers that consumed less feed had superior cow efficiency ratios. Correlations of RFI with carcass grade, backfat thickness, marbling score, and kidney fat of progeny indicated that heifers with superior RFI would tend to produce leaner offspring.
A 14-day Dexamethasone timecourse exposure in Caco-2 monolayers results in differential expression of tight-junction and cytoskeleton regulatory pathway genes

Abstract Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones are modulators of endogenous stress responses and are important pharmaceuticals for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The gastrointestinal epithelium is a significant tissue target of Glucocorticoids; perturbation of epithelial barrier function during the endogenous stress response plays a major role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Epithelial permeability and barrier function are mediated by the tight junction protein complex, with a network of molecular/cellular interactions occurring between the actin cytoskeleton, RhoGTPase, Akt/PI3K and growth factor receptor, and inflammatory cytokine signaling, influencing the establishment of a ‘partial EMT’ phenotype. To improve our understanding of GC-responsive gene expression in a gastrointestinal epithelial context, we tested polarized Caco-2 monolayer cultures during at 30-day timecourse, with 15-days of continuous Dexamethasone exposure. Trans-epithelial resistance (TEER) was recorded to provide a physiological quantification of barrier function during the timecourse treatments. Presence of intracellular glucocorticoid hormone activates the human glucocorticoid receptor (GCR, human NR3C1 gene) transcription factor, resulting in transcriptional activation and repression of various GCR-responsive genes. We tested for differential gene expression with a multiplexed panel of 250 gene expression panel using the Nanostring nCounter® system. Gene panel selection was based on membership of genes in canonical KEGG pathways for tight-junction, adherens junction, focal adhesion, actin cytoskeleton regulation, and colorectal cancer. Our TEER results confirm, as previously reported, that long-term Dexamethasone exposure results in decreased permeability in Caco-2 monolayers ~day 20-25. Culture age and Dexamethasone exposure both contributed to differential gene expression for cell-cell junction, protein kinases, survival and cancer associated genes, reported here in the context of their corresponding KEGG pathway representations. The findings give evidence for GC and time-associated patterns of transcriptional response and provide further insight into long-term glucocorticoid-associated physiological effects on the gastrointestinal epithelia. Future research utilizing more advanced cell culture methods will use this data-set as a reference.
Signal and noise characteristics in radiometric correlation detectors

In radio astronomy and other radiometric applications, correlation antenna-receiver systems are used to measure the Fourier transform of the far-field temperature distribution. In this paper, the effect of a finite observation bandwidth upon the measurement of the transform is determined. The noise components in the output of the correlator-antenna system which is observing a distributed source are calculated. The noise power present in the measurement of the real component of the Fourier transform is found to depend on the square of the sum of the integrated temperature distribution and the receiver noise, also upon the square of the real part of the Fourier transform, and the negative of the square of the imaginary part of the Fourier transform. Similar results with appropriate sign changes apply to the imaginary portion of the Fourier transform. The practical restriction on the allowable bandwidth of the correlation receiver is also apparent in these calculations. These values of the signal and noise power can then be used for the optimum processing of the received signal.
Disturbances of attachment in young children adopted from institutions.

In this article, the author describes a discrepancy between popular media accounts of reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and its clinical and scientific description. The literature on serious disturbances of attachment in children adopted out of institutions is reviewed. The author concludes that children adopted from institutions are at dramatically increased risk for disturbances, although the majority of such children do not demonstrate problems. Both the duration of deprivation and the postinstitutional caregiving environment seem to be importantly related to outcome. Inhibited/withdrawn RAD is exceedingly uncommon in children adopted from institutions (at least after 1 or more years), but disinhibited/indiscriminate RAD is quite persistent. Long after children become attached to adoptive parents, a number of them continue to exhibit indiscriminate sociability. Three explanations for this divergence of recovery curves are considered. It is likely that future systematic studies will illuminate many areas that are unclear at this time. J Dev Behav Pediatr 21:230-236, 2000. Index terms: attachment, institutions, orphanages, reactive attachment disorder.
Insulation of Man

There appear to be no indications of existence of arctic people without clothing. Darwin was impressed by the meagerness of clothing worn by the people of Tierra del Fuego, but in the account of Bridges (1949), who lived in long association with them, their culture and shelter were much more elaborate than Darwin’s low estimate. The coastal Yaghans swam naked in the cold sea, but the coastal water was above freezing, and some urban people regularly practise swimming in icy winter water. The old Aleuts of the Aleutian Islands had highly developed techniques and good material for making clothing of fur and feathered skins but did at times go barefooted. With competence for preparing footgear, they nevertheless sometimes elected to go without, probably because the wet snow of the Aleutian Islands is hard on skin boots and, at least transiently, tolerable for the naked foot.
Basket Pitch 90: An Integrative Marketing and Finance Simulation:

This experiential exercise enables undergraduate students to demonstrate their ability to rapidly and intentionally integrate marketing and finance concepts in a real-world context. The participant...
Relationship between symptom burden and hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients with incurable cancer.

10123Background: Patients with incurable cancer often require hospitalizations for symptom management, but the relationship between patients’ symptom burden and their hospital LOS is unknown. We so...
Dynamics of immune-mediated thyroid dysfunction in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma receiving checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

e16071Background: Checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) are quickly gaining relevance in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Treatment is generally well tolerated, but immune-induced thy...
New records of Psocoptera (Troctomorpha, Psocomorpha) in California (U.S.A.) almond and pistachio orchards

Historically, Psocoptera research has been lacking in agricultural field studies. This study is the first in California (U.S.A.) to survey almond and pistachio orchards for Psocoptera. The seven species we observed in orchards are the first host association records of psocids (Lachesilla pacifica Chapman, 1930, Lachesilla pedicularia (Linnaeus, 1758), Lachesilla rena Sommerman, 1946, Ectopsocus vachoni Badonnel, 1945, Ectopsocus californicus (Banks, 1903), Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, 1931, and Liposcelis silvarum (Kolbe, 1888)) in two suborders (Psocomorpha and Troctomorpha) from California almond and pistachio orchards. The results of these observations also revealed a new California state record of L. silvarum. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Flash Distillation of Bio-Oils for Simultaneous Production of Hydrocarbons and Green Coke

Fast pyrolysis bio-oils from biomass can potentially integrate with petroleum refinery infrastructure for production of renewable fuels and chemicals. Besides hydrodeoxygenation, few feasible options exist for entry points. When considering advanced pyrolysis techniques such as catalytic and/or tail-gas reactive pyrolysis (TGRP), distillation for using both light and heavy ends becomes possible. Our goal was to demonstrate and optimize continuous production of liquid organic distillates and residual solids coke, both in appreciable yields for downstream conversion into renewable products. We fabricated a flash drum for continuous one-step distillations of four oils of varying oxygen content (ranging from 5 to 32 wt %). While a mesh demisting screen enhanced separation, removal of the screen ultimately improved overall yields. The flash drum proceeded to distill lower-oxygen oils (∼10 wt %) with 80 wt % time-on-stream yields over several hours; steady state was reached within 30–40 min. Bio-oils with moder...
Chemistry Toy 1: An Approach to Quantify and Improve the Power of Scientific Observation

Observation is at the heart of the Scientific Method, but students receive very little direct help in science curricula to assess or build this important power. We have addressed this problem with ...
Childhood Trauma and Posttraumatic Play

Abstract This paper explores the literature on childhood trauma primarily from a psychoanalytic perspective. Its purpose is to present a link between early and more contemporary work and provide an evolution of the understanding of acute as well as chronic posttraumatic reactions and their treatment. It will examine how the impact of trauma is influenced by a variety of factors, including predisposing intrapsych-ic conflicts, age, the child'S role in the experience, the nature of the trauma, the length of exposure, and the availability of support. The phenomenon of posttraumatic play is addressed both as a symptom of trauma and as a means for healing. Lastly, a case study is presented of an eight-year-old boy whose exposure to his father'S abusiveness and incarceration made a lasting psychic impnnt which became a central organizer in his life. His treatment will be outlined to illustrate the course of childhood trauma in development and its influence on emotional, social, and cognitive functioning. Also i...
EDUCACIÓN DEL ARTE EN UNA SOCIEDAD GLOBAL

El fenomeno de la globalizacion lleva asociado mucho debate y preocupacion acerca de los cambios que estan ocurriendo en esta nueva economia global. Las nuevas tecnologias estan conectando a los individuos y a las naciones entre si de una manera cada vez mas rapida. El arte no es la excepcion y ha llegado a ser aun mas internacional en esta era global y posmodernista. Cada ano distintos paises son sedes de bienales internacionales de arte a que a menudo se concentran en temas y problemas globales. Las bienales atraen gente de todas partes del mundo y conllevan una inyeccion de dinero al pais sede. El mundo del arte ha cambiado desde un punto de vista moderno a uno posmodernista, pero la ensenanza del arte en las escuelas publicas se ha quedado atras. Existen muchas razones por las cuales esto esta ocurriendo. Una es que la educacion es tradicionalmente lenta en cuanto a producir cambios y por otro lado, esta el hecho de que esta cada vez mas controlada por politicas gubernamentales y presiones sociales. Actualmente, las politicas de educacion en los Estados Unidos estan preocupadas por la evaluacion y los examenes, lo cual a menudo deja muy poco espacio para el arte. Otra razon para este retraso es que el arte posmodernista es muchas veces ambiguo, sujeto a multiples lecturas e interpretaciones. Promueve preguntas que a veces no tienes respuestas claras y que pueden enfocarse en temas sensibles. Los profesores se ponen nerviosos discutiendo asuntos sociales, culturales y politicos en clases, pero es importante recordar que el rol de la educacion es expandir el aprendizaje y conocimiento del individuo para poder de esta manera entender mejor el mundo que los rodea. Creo que nosotros estamos provocando un gran perjuicio a nuestros estudiantes si no los ayudamos a desarrollar un entendimiento mas compasivo de ellos mismos y de los demas. El hecho de producir arte y la discusion del mismo, ya sea tradicional o posmodernista, es una parte vital del proceso de aprendizaje.