cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Roles of sorption and tube-dwelling benthos in the cycling of phosphorus in Bering Sea sediments

Adsorption of dissolved phosphate onto iron-hydroxides has been shown to be one of the primary regulators of phosphorus cycling in sediments. Bioturbation and bioirrigation by benthic infauna modify this cycling by accelerating the transport of dissolved and particulate phosphorus and by changing rates of reactions that occur in the sediment, such as the adsorption of phosphate by amorphous iron hydroxides. Hydrographic processes vary regionally in the Bering Sea and nutrient exchange between the sediments of the broad shallow shelf and overlying water may influence water column productivity. These characteristics make the Bering Sea a good study site for examining the processes that influence sedimentary cycling of phosphorus. To examine these processes, we collected samples in four domains (southern middle shelf, southern outer shelf, southern off shelf (consisting of the continental slope and Bering Sea basin) and northern Bering shelf) based on hydrographic regime. At each station we directly measured phosphate flux and sediment oxygen consumption using whole- core incubations. We also measured infaunal burrow abundances, amorphous iron-hydroxide concen- trations and phosphate sorption. We found that three out of the four domains had a high affinity for trapping phosphate in the sediment, as indicated by their adsorption coefficients (6.59-81.81). However, the measured phosphate fluxes could not be explained by the adsorption capacity of the sediment alone. The results indicated that on the middle shelf, the phosphate flux positively co-varied with infaunal burrow abundances. The high number of organisms in this domain (10-32 burrows per 50 cm
Teacher MA attainment rates, 1970–2000

Abstract The share of female teachers in the U.S. with an MA more than doubled between 1970 and 2000. This increase is puzzling, as it is much larger than that of other college-educated women, and it occurred over a period of declining teacher aptitude. I estimate the contribution of changes in teacher demographic characteristics, increases in the returns to an MA, and changes in teacher certification requirements to increases in teacher MA attainment rates. I find that the majority of the rise in attainment not attributable to secular trends and increases in the average age of teachers can be explained by increases in the returns to an MA among teachers. The increase in MA returns among teachers presents a second puzzle, as there is little evidence that master's degrees increase teacher productivity.
Testing an Ethnographic Decision Tree Model on a National Sample: Recycling Beverage Cans

We report here on an ethnographic model of a decision that Americans make regularly: to recycle beverage cans or not. The model was derived from 21 ethnographic interviews and 70 structured interviews in Florida and North Dakota. Ethnographic decision models are not new, but we show here that these models can be tested for both internal and external validity. We test internal validity by comparing the model's predictions systematically to what people say about their own behavior. We test external validity by comparing the predictions of the ethnographic model to those of a representative sample of 386 people across the United States. The original model accounts for about 90% of the reported behaviors, while the national model predicts about 85% of the reported behaviors.
Structure-Activity Relationship of Oxygenated Morphinans. V. Narcotic agonist and antagonist activity in the 14-hydroxymorphinan series. Preliminary communication

The synthesis of several 14-hydroxymorphinans, using oxymorphone (= 3, 14-dihydroxy-4,5-epoxy-N-methylmorphinan-6-one, 1) as starting material, is described. The antinociceptive potency of the N-methyl substituted 14-hydroxy-morphinans was determined. Thus, in order of antinociceptive potency, 14-hydroxy-4-methoxy-N-methylmorphinan-6-one (5) >4,5-epoxy-14-hydroxy-N-methyl-morphinan-6-one (3)>4, 14-dihydroxy-N-methylmorphinan-6-one (4)>14-hydroxy-4-methoxy-N-methylmorphinan (11) ≈4, 14-dihydroxy-N-methylmorphinan (12). The most potent compound in this series, 14-hydroxy-4-methoxy-N-methyl-morphinan-6-one (5), was found to have about six times the potency of morphine; it was equipotent with levorphanol.
Fibromyalgia After Motor Vehicle Collision: Evidence and Implications

OBJECTIVE: Assess currently available evidence regarding the ability of a motor vehicle collision (MVC) to trigger the development of fibromyalgia (FM). METHODS: Consensus standards developed by the American College of Rheumatology Environmental Disease Study Group were used to assess the ability of an MVC to trigger FM. RESULTS: Increasing evidence suggests that FM and related disorders are characterized by abnormalities in central nervous system function related to sensory processing, autonomic regulation, and neuroendocrine function. MVC trauma appears capable of triggering FM, but generally not through direct biomechanical injury. Instead, the evidence suggests that MVC trauma can act as a "stressor," which in concert with other factors, such as an individual's biologic vulnerability, psychosocial factors, cultural factors, and so on, may result in the development of chronic widespread pain and other somatic symptoms. MVC trauma is only one of many stressors which can trigger such disorders, and the environment within which the stressor is experienced (biological and psychosocial) may largely determine whether there is an adverse physiologic result or not. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence that MVC trauma may trigger FM meets established criteria for determining causality, and has a number of important implications, both for patient care, and for research into the pathophysiology and treatment of these disorders.
Superfluid ultracold fermi gases

We have explored several aspects of superfluidity of ultracold fermionic atoms, including superfluidity of rotating clouds, of clouds with an imbalance in the population of the two components, and of atoms in an optical lattice.
Response of carcinoma of unknown primary site affecting bone to thalidomide

We describe a patient with carcinoma of unknown primary site affecting only bone who was given thalidomide and intermittent dexamethasone to avoid the morbidity of chemotherapy, and to provide effective disease palliation. A 69-year-old man in good health presented with discomfort in his right rib. He had never smoked, and had a medical history of coronary-artery disease and peptic ulcer disease treated with a Billroth II procedure. Physical examination was unremarkable, and the patient was classified as WHO performance status 0; his prostate was not enlarged. Alkaline phosphatase was 263 U/L (upper limit of normal 125 U/L). Other values were normal, including those for lactate dehydrogenase, � -glutamyl transpeptidase, prostate-specific antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen 19-9, � human chorionic
Three-dimensional and two-dimensional deployment analysis for underwater acoustic sensor networks

Underwater sensor networks find applications in oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, assisted navigation, and tactical surveillance. In this paper, deployment strategies for two-dimensional and three-dimensional communication architectures for underwater acoustic sensor networks are proposed, and a mathematical deployment analysis for both architectures is provided. The objective is to determine the minimum number of sensors to be deployed to achieve optimal sensing and communication coverage, which are dictated by application requirements; provide guidelines on how to choose the optimal deployment surface area, given a target body of water; study the robustness of the sensor network to node failures, and provide an estimate of the number of redundant sensor nodes to be deployed to compensate for potential failures.
Social anxiety spectrum and diminished positive experiences: theoretical synthesis and meta-analysis.

Until recently, there has been limited recognition that diminished positive psychological experiences are important to understanding the nature of social anxiety. Meta-analytic techniques were used to evaluate the strength, consistency, and construct specificity of relations between the social anxiety spectrum with positive affect and curiosity. The social anxiety spectrum had significant inverse relations with positive affect (r=�.36; 95% CI: �.31 to �.40) and curiosity (r=�.24; 95% CI: �.20 to -.28). Relations between social anxiety and positive affect were stronger in studies sampling from clinical populations. Specificity findings (e.g., statistically controlling for depressive symptoms and disorders) further confirmed negative associations with positive affect (r=�.21; 95% CI: �.16 to �.26) and curiosity (r=�.21; 95% CI: �.08 to �.32). The literature on social rank, selfpresentation concerns, self-regulatory resources, and experiential avoidance is reviewed and integrated to elaborate a framework of how, why, and when social anxiety may be inversely related to positive experiences. The specificity of theory and data to social interaction anxiety is supported by an examination of existing work on social performance/observation fears and other anxiety conditions. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of diminished positive psychological experiences in understanding excessive social anxiety.
Localization Accuracy in Single-Molecule Microscopy

One of the most basic questions in single-molecule microscopy concerns the accuracy with which the location of a single molecule can be determined. Using the Fisher information matrix it is shown that the limit of the localization accuracy for a single molecule is given by, lambda(em)/2pi n(a) square root of gammaAt, where lambda(em), n(a), gamma, A, and t denote the emission wavelength of the single molecule, the numerical aperture of the objective, the efficiency of the optical system, the emission rate of the single molecule and the acquisition time, respectively. Using Monte Carlo simulations it is shown that estimation algorithms can come close to attaining the limit given in the expression. Explicit quantitative results are also provided to show how the limit of the localization accuracy is reduced by factors such as pixelation of the detector and noise sources in the detection system. The results demonstrate what is achievable by single-molecule microscopy and provide guidelines for experimental design.
Who needs a defibrillator? The beat goes on.

In this issue of the Journal , Elhendy et al. ([1][1]) and Singh et al. ([2][2]) wrestle with the problem of how to predict which patients who qualify for implantation of an automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) will actually benefit from the device. These studies reflect a renewed
The Arizona Supreme Court: Its 1997-1998 Decisions

The Arizona Supreme Court is Arizona's most important legal institution. Its decisions establish the meaning of the Arizona Constitution, the correct interpretation of Arizona legislation, and the content of Arizona common law. Its applications of the United States Constitution and federal law are reversible only by the Supreme Court of the United States. The importance of Arizona Supreme Court decisions to the government of Arizona and the lives of its people is quite similar to the impact that U.S. Supreme Court decisions have nationally. U.S. Supreme Court decisions are annually reviewed in both the popular media and scholarly legal journals. These commentaries describe the overall subject matter of the Court's work for the year, discuss specific important decisions and legal developments, and note apparent trends in the Court's jurisprudence. This article undertakes a similar examination of one year's decisions of the Arizona Supreme Court.This article examines the Arizona Supreme Court's published opinions between July 1, 1997 and June 30, 1998. An annual review provides a current picture of the full scope of the court's work - the subject matter of the cases it decides, the sources of law used in deciding them, and the general character of the issues under review. Perhaps most important, it can provide a basis for evaluating the general character and quality of the court's jurisprudence.
Is Article 2 Regulatory or Facilitatory? A Socratic Dialogue

This Article is part of a symposium called “Commercial Calamities.” My contribution addressed the question of whether Article 2 is regulatory or facilitatory – that is, to what extent do the provisions state regulatory rules that must be followed, and to what extent are they default rules that the parties are free to vary? Because the Code is not very helpful in making this distinction, the author ties to assist the Code reader by leading him or her through a series of questions and answers.
Electric field dependence of the Hall effect in NbSe 3

The Hall effect in ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ has been measured in the magnetic field range 0-200 kG at temperatures of 20 and 30 K. At high magnetic fields the Hall coefficient is positive and the Hall voltage shows a strong dependence on electric field. As the electric field is increased from 0 to 80 mV/cm the Hall resistance is reduced by a factor ~ 5 in correspondence to a similar reduction observed in the magnetoresistance. This reduction can be a precursor to the onset of charge-density-wave (CDW) motion and is only slightly affected when CDW motion does occur.
Deposition of Aggregated Nanoparticles — A Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Effect of Aggregation State on the Affinity between Nanoparticles and a Collector Surface

Theoretical and experimental approaches were employed to study the effect of aggregation on the affinity between nanoparticles (NPs) and a flat surface that is quantified by the attachment efficiency. Computer simulations were used to generate virtual aggregates formed via either diffusion limited cluster aggregation or reaction limited cluster aggregation. The colloidal interactions between the simulated aggregates and a flat surface were evaluated based on the surface element integration approach. It was found that the strength of colloidal interaction for the aggregated NPs was on the same order of magnitude as those for the primary particles and was significantly weaker than that for an equivalent sphere defined by the gyration radius of the aggregate. The results from the deposition experiments using quartz crystal microbalance suggested that the attachment efficiencies (unfavorable deposition) for aggregated NPs were higher at the initial stage but later became similar to that of the primary NPs whe...
Technique and Practice of Uplink Coordination in LTE System

The uplink coordination in LTE system is mainly based on soft combining,and is suitable for cells connected with ideal transport condition,but it is difficult to deploy. According to the principle of multi- cell joint detection in TD- SCDMA system,the technique of cloud interference rejection combining(Cloud IRC) is proposed,and it can be used between cells without ideal transport condition. According to test in commercial LTE network,the throughput of cell- edge users can be improved by 89. 9% on average with the technique of soft combining,and 29. 3% with the technique of Cloud IRC. With both of them,the quality of experience is improved in the whole network.
Targeting Human β -Microglobulin with Monoclonal Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma - A Potential in Treatment.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell neoplasm that utilizes bone marrow microenvironment for survival and proliferation [1-3]. However, current therapies could rarely cure MM. The relapse or refractory aspect of the disease is commonly seen in MM patients, especially among patients with high-risk MM. In past decades, targeted immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) emerged as a major new treatment modality that offered great benefits for MM patients [4]. Different approaches, aimed at finding potential mAbbased therapeutics for this disease including identification of alternative, or novel, target antigens [5], conjugation of mAbs with classic or novel drugs [6], and generation of chimeric antigen receptor T cells with specific mAbs [7], have been developed by scientists. Recently, our group has generated the mAbs that work directly against human β2-microglobulin (β2M) both in vitro and in the mouse experiments, and has demonstrated that β2M is a potential target for MM treatment [8].
Drainage of the Maxillary Sinus

Sinusitis is a recognized complication in the critically ill patient with maxillary sinusitis being the most common type. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications.
Are triage questions sufficient to assign fall risk precautions in the ED

Abstract Objectives The American College of Emergency Physicians Geriatric Emergency Department (ED) Guidelines and the Center for Disease Control recommend that older adults be assessed for risk of falls. The standard ED assessment is a verbal query of fall risk factors, which may be inadequate. We hypothesized that the addition of a functional balance test endorsed by the Center for Disease Control Stop Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries Falls Prevention Guidelines, the 4-Stage Balance Test (4SBT), would improve the detection of patients at risk for falls. Methods Prospective pilot study of a convenience sample of ambulatory adults 65 years and older in the ED. All participants received the standard nursing triage fall risk assessment. After patients were stabilized in their ED room, the 4SBT was administered. Results The 58 participants had an average age of 74.1 years (range, 65-94), 40.0% were women, and 98% were community dwelling. Five (8.6%) presented to the ED for a fall-related chief complaint. The nursing triage screen identified 39.7% (n=23) as at risk for falls, whereas the 4SBT identified 43% (n=25). Combining triage questions with the 4SBT identified 60.3% (n=35) as at high risk for falls, as compared with 39.7% (n=23) with triage questions alone ( P Conclusions Incorporating a quick functional test of balance into the ED assessment for fall risk is feasible and significantly increases the detection of older adults at risk for falls.
Reflections on the Role of Embodiment in Discourse

The essays in this symposium make a case for taking the body seriously as a dimension of?even a foundation for?discourse. While I wholly endorse this project, I think there is a danger that its implications will be misunderstood. As a way of clarifying the precise trajectory of the overall argument that the authors are variously presenting, I want to suggest one emendation. I think that the body is already being taken seriously, indeed too seriously, in the conventional rationalistic discourse these papers address. By "too seriously," I mean simply that the body is seen in rationalistic discourse as an object, a reified thing. The consequence of this reification is that the body is effectively located outside discourse. The idea of the body functions as a limit to discourse or as an objective reference point beyond which discourse cannot move. In other words, the body is employed to serve as an objective boundary for thought itself. To me conceptualizing the body in this way impedes and distorts discourse rather than acting to enhance or ground it. The question of how the human body might come into play in discourse is, therefore, more subtle and complex than it first appears. In addition to invoking the body-as-object as a way of limiting discourse by making the body a super ordinate reference point for it, theorists of rationalism also employ the body in the reverse way, by denying that embodiment is relevant at all to discourse. They are invested in limiting discourse so as to ensure a certain power position with which they are identified. The "official" policy that they have promulgated on the matter is that the body is irrelevant to discourse, that only ideas themselves count, irrespective of anything having to do with the corporeal context from which they emanate. We know, of course, that this official policy is honored in the breach, a point that can be seen vividly in cases like that of Barbara McClintock, whose genetic research went unappreciated and even unacknowledged?until finally she was awarded a Nobel Prize?largely because her body was gendered female. Numerous bodily characteristics?degree of conventional attractiveness, racial and ethnic traits, social class markers, etc.?come into play in the dynamics of discourse and distort or prejudice it. On a related note,
Preventive Health Behaviors Among Low-Income African American and Hispanic Populations: Can Colonoscopy Screening Serve as a Teachable Moment?

Teachable moments (TMs) are situations with potential for promoting health behavior change. Little is known as to whether colonoscopy screening itself may serve as a TM, particularly among low-income or minority populations. Research in this area is needed to inform efforts to address the disproportionate burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) experienced by minorities. This study aims to describe attitudes related to physical activity (PA) and healthy eating among a low-income Hispanic and African American sample, assess whether colonoscopy completion may encourage changes in dietary behavior or PA, and determine the type of interventions minority participants would prefer to promote preventive behaviors. Average-risk African American and Hispanic individuals who are referred for a screening colonoscopy at a Primary Care Clinic between May 2008 and December 2011 were eligible. Data were collected at three time points: at recruitment, 2 weeks before their colonoscopy, and 1 month after their colonoscopy (n = 537). The difference in change in PA from baseline to post-colonoscopy follow-up between those who had a colonoscopy and those who did not was significant (p = .04). Those who completed a colonoscopy increased their PA by 0.26 days on average, whereas, those who did not decreased their PA by 0.46 days. Findings suggest that the time following colonoscopy completion may be ideal to provide health promotion for PA and healthy eating. Future research is needed to explore the mechanisms that influence health behavior change as a result of colonoscopies to inform the development of interventions in this area.
Thermal Carbon Analysis Enabling Comprehensive Characterization of Lignin and Its Degradation Products

We have developed a novel thermal carbon analysis (TCA) method that provides both carbon mass balance and thermal fractionation profiles. Though not providing chemical structural information, this method enables a comprehensive characterization of both lignin and its degradation products, potential renewable and sustainable feedstocks. TCA is essential as a complement to a qualitative chemical speciation by thermal desorption–pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TD–Py–GC–MS). Mono- and diaromatic oxygenated compounds were used as model compounds to optimize the method. The influence of various parameters such as solvents, amounts of sample loaded, and temperature ramp configuration, were investigated. A multistep temperature program with TD and pyrolytic temperatures with and without oxygen was employed for analysis of untreated lignin, where up to 55 wt % evolved in the presence of oxygen only, this fraction being unaccounted for by currently used methods. The TCA results were supported by the...
Abundance and Scarcity: Introduction

An enduring debate in the history of economic thought is that between the predominant paradigm of scarcity, on the one hand, and the alternative viewpoint of abundance, on the other. This intellectual discourse has important implications with respect to the general outlook of the discipline, its formative and substantive aspects, and the ensuing policy implications. Part 1 attempts to contribute a unique perspective to this debate, by examining the Islamic position on the notions of scarcity and abundance, and its implications with respect to modern economic theory and policy. We address these issues by examining Islamic scripture, traditions, and the views of past and contemporary Islamic theologians, exegetes, philosophers, and economists. We also examine interesting parallels and links with other religious and secular schools of economic thought.
Testing Time-Geographic Density Estimation for Home Range Analysis Using an Agent-Based Model of Animal Movement

Time-geographic density estimation (TGDE) is a method of movement pattern analysis that generates a continuous intensity surface from a set of tracking data. TGDE has recently been proposed as a me...
Quantifying Safety of Laser-Based Navigation

In this paper, a new safety risk evaluation method is developed, simulated, and tested for laser-based navigation algorithms using feature extraction (FE) and data association (DA). First, at FE, we establish a probabilistic measure of separation between features to quantify the sensor's ability to distinguish landmarks. Then, an innovation-based DA process is designed to evaluate the impact on integrity risk of incorrect associations, while considering all potential measurement permutations. The algorithm is analyzed and tested in a structured environment.
Pediatric Hyperandrogenism and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescence

Signs of androgen excess in young women, such as hirstutism and acne, are not uncommon. Although causes of hyperandrogenism in young women include congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Cushing’s syndrome, and androgen-producing tumors, the most common cause of androgen excess in this age group is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The same metabolic and endocrine abnormalities seen in adult women with PCOS are also manifest in adolescence. Evidence suggests that PCOS has a perimenarchal onset but may also be linked to endocrine dysfunction prior to adolescence. As in adults, insulin resistance may play a key role in adolescent PCOS. Further investigation of the impact of treatment options in adolescents with PCOS, particularly in the presence of obesity, is needed.
Defining Molecular Initiating Events of Airway Sensory Irritation in Support of Predictive Testing Approaches

Abstract Airway irritant exposures in the workplace cause sensory irritation symptoms or signs such as nose and throat pain, rhinorrhea, cough, and airway obstruction, and are associated with nonal...
Developing Reflective Practice in Teacher Candidates Through Program Coherence

In this study, we explored the role of reflection at three stages of preparation across a teacher education program. Reflection has long been considered an essential aspect of professional practice for teaching; however, reflection is often vague and undefined. Through an examination of the opportunities we provided for our students to reflect, and systematic analysis of the levels of reflection our students engaged in, we found that the development of reflective practices could be understood and aligned across a professional preparation program. Furthermore, we considered our own pedagogical practices related to modality, prompting, scaffolding, assignment structure, and feedback in our analysis of a variety of student reflection artifacts, in order to understand the potential impact of our own pedagogical decisions across the program. Findings suggest that the program provided modeling and structures for reflection early on, encouraged the inclusion of multiple perspectives in relation to professional practice, and supported a synthesis of student learning of theory and practice as preservice teachers approached program completion. This article offers reflection as a tool for exploring issues of professional growth across a continuum of development.
Trial by fire: the Ford Foundation and MALDEF in the 1960s

This article is about the relationship between legal activists, foundations, and social movements. It is a study of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) the largest and ...
Computational Modeling of Heart Valves: Understanding and Predicting Disease

Computational methods offer a robust means of studying healthy and diseased heart valves. Simulations can shed light on the elusive function of heart valves and allow us to understand the underlying causes of heart valve disease in an effort to develop effective treatments. In comparison to experimental approaches, which either may not be representative in vitro or feasible in vivo, simulations assist in obtaining detailed information on the response of valves in a cost-effective manner.
Political Institutions and the Comparative Medicalization of Abortion

Comparative-historical research on medicalization is rare and, perhaps for that reason, largely ignores political institutions, which tend to vary more across countries than within them. This article proposes a political-institutional theory of medicalization in which health care policy legacies, political decentralization, and constitutionalism shape the preferences, discourses, strategies, and influence of actors that seek or resist medicalization. The theory helps explain why abortion has been more medicalized in Britain than the United States. The analysis finds that the American medical profession, unlike its British counterpart, focused on defending private medicine rather than protecting its power to "diagnose" the medical necessity of abortions; that American political decentralization aided the establishment of abortion on request by encouraging strategic innovation and learning that shaped social movement strategies, medical issue avoidance, and the growth of nonhospital clinics; and finally, that constitutionalism promoted rights discourses that partially crowded out medical ones.
Association of Pain Centralization and Patient-Reported Pain in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective Pain is a significant burden for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite advancements in treatment. We undertook this study to examine the independent contribution of pain centralization to the pain experience of patients with active RA. Methods A total of 263 RA patients with active disease underwent quantitative sensory testing (QST), including assessment of extraarticular pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), temporal summation (TS), and conditioned pain modulation (CPM). The pain experience was assessed by a pain intensity numeric rating scale and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System pain interference computerized adaptive test. We examined associations between QST measures and pain intensity and pain interference. Multiple linear regression models were adjusted for demographic and clinical variables, including swollen joint count and C-reactive protein level. Results Patients with the lowest PPTs (most central dysregulation) reported higher pain intensity than patients with the highest PPTs (adjusted mean difference 1.02 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.37, 1.67]). Patients with the highest TS (most central dysregulation) had higher pain intensity than those with the lowest TS (adjusted mean difference 1.19 [95% CI 0.54, 1.84]). CPM was not associated with differences in pain intensity. PPT and TS were not associated with pain interference. Patients with the lowest CPM (most centrally dysregulated) had lower pain interference than patients with the highest CPM (adjusted mean difference -2.35 [95% CI -4.25, -0.44]). Conclusion Pain centralization, manifested by low PPTs and high TS, was associated with more intense pain. Clinicians should consider pain centralization as a contributor to pain intensity, independent of inflammation.
Determination of the alteration in fatty acid profiles, sensory characteristics and carcass traits of swine fed elevated levels of monounsaturated fats in the diet.

The present study was designed to determine the effects of supplemental fat or oil rich in oleic acid on the fatty acid profiles (FAP) and physical and sensory traits of pork carcasses. Sixty barrows and gilts were equally distributed among five dietary treatments consisting of a control diet of corn and soybean meal and four similar test diets that contained 10% animal fat (45.3 oleic), safflower oil (72.1 oleic), sunflower oil (80.9 oleic) or canola oil (57.7 oleic). The pigs were slaughtered after being fed these diets for 90 d at about 100 kg live weight. Carcass traits, FAP and sensory properties were evaluated for each treatment. First-rib fat thickness, ham muscling score and longissimus muscle areas were not different (P less than .05), but last-rib fat thickness was increased (P less than .05) with the supplemental dietary fat or oils. No differences existed for marbling scores, lean color, firmness or texture scores between the controls and pigs supplemented with either animal fat or safflower oil. However, pigs supplemented with sunflower or canola oil had lower marbling scores, lean color, firmness and texture scores. Fat became softer and more oily (P less than .05) with the supplemental dietary safflower, sunflower and canola oils. Sensory evaluation (loin chops) showed no differences (P less than .05) in sustained juiciness, tenderness or flavor intensity evaluations among treatments. However, the pigs fed canola oil had lower (P less than .05) flavor quality scores or overall palatability evaluations. Chops from the pigs fed canola oil also had 46% more off-flavors than all other treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Numerical analysis and experimental validation of hydrodynamics of a thin bubbling fluidized bed for various particle-size distributions using a three-dimensional dense discrete phase model

Abstract A dense discrete phase model combined with the kinetic theory of granular flows was used to study the bubbling characteristics and segregation of poly-dispersed particle mixtures in a thin fluidized bed. Our simulations showed that in using the hybrid Eulerian–Lagrangian method, the common use of one computational cell in the thickness direction of the thin bed does not predict wall friction correctly. Instead, a three-cell discretization of the thickness direction does predict the wall friction well but six cells were needed to prevent overprediction of the bed expansion. The change in specularity factor (SF) of the model not only affected the predictions of the velocity of particles, but also had a considerable impact on their flow pattern. A decrease in SF, which decreases wall friction, showed an over-prediction in the size of bubbles, particle velocities, and void fraction of the bed, and led to a shift in the circulation center toward the bottom of the bed. The segregation of the Geldart B particles was studied in the narrow range from 400 to 600 μm with a standard deviation less than 10% of the average diameter. Simulations showed that large particles accumulated close to the distributor at the bottom of the bed and the center of the bed, but small particles moved towards the wall and top surface. The decrease in the mean particle size and spread in shape of the distribution improves mixing by up to 30% at a superficial gas velocity of around 2.5 times the minimum fluidization velocity. Log-normal mixtures with a small proportion of large particles had the most uniform distribution with a thin layer of jetsam forming at the bottom of the bed. Finally, experimental verification of the segregation and mixing of polydisperse particles with narrow size distribution is suggested.
Various Discriminatory Features for Eye Detection

Five types of discriminatory features are derived using a Discriminatory Feature Extraction (DFE) method from five different sources: the grayscale image, the YCbCr color image, the 2D Haar wavelet transformed image, the Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG), and the Local Binary Patterns (LBP). The DFE method, which applies a new criterion vector defined on two measure vectors, is able to derive multiple discriminatory features in a whitened Principal Component Analysis (PCA) space for two-class problems. As the popular discriminant analysis method derives only one feature for a two-class problem, the DFE method improves upon the discriminant analysis method for two class problems, where one feature usually is not enough for achieving good classification performance. The effectiveness of the DFE method as well as the five types of discriminatory features is evaluated for the eye detection problem. Experiments using the Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC) version 2 database show that the DFE method is able to improve the discriminatory power of the five types of discriminatory features for eye detection. In particular, the experimental results reveal that the discriminatory HOG features achieve the best eye detection performance, followed in order by the discriminatory YCbCr color features, the discriminatory 2D Haar features, the discriminatory grayscale features, and the discriminatory LBP features.
Effects of Cr Concentration on Cementite Coarsening in Ultrahigh Carbon Steel

Ultrahigh carbon steels (UHCS) containing 1 wt pct Cr (1Cr UHCS) were heat treated at 1073 K, 1173 K, or 1243 K (800 °C, 900 °C, or 970 °C) for durations of 5 minutes up to 24 hours to study cementite coarsening. Results were compared to a previous study on coarsening of a UHCS with 4 wt pct Cr (4Cr UHCS) and significantly different behavior was observed. In the heat-treated 1Cr UHCS, particles clustered in zones that were tens of microns near branches of the cementite network. The opposite trend was observed in the 4Cr UHCS, in which the regions within a few microns near the cementite network were entirely denuded of particles. Causes for differences in coarsening behavior in 1Cr and 4Cr UHCS are discussed.
The Activating KIR2DS2 Gene Influences NK Alloreactivity and NK Repertoire.

The hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) donor KIR genotype has been correlated with disease-free survival in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. The Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) gene family encodes highly homologous pairs of activating and inhibiting receptors, 2DL1–2DS1; 2DL2/3–2DS2; and 3DL1–3DS1. Inhibitory members are known to regulate NK cell function through interactions with HLA Class I antigens. The role of activating KIRs and their ligand specificity is, however, not well defined. The activating receptor, KIR2DS1, is known to bind the HLA-Cw C2 group antigens and we have recently demonstrated a role for this receptor in NK cell allorecognition. In contrast, KIR2DS2 does not bind HLA-Cw C1 group antigens, and a functional role of this receptor even in NK allorecognition has not been established. We now demonstrate, that presence of the activating KIR2DS2 gene in NK donors homozygous for the HLA-KIR ligand group C2 is associated with significant alloreactivity against C1 homozygous target cells (polyclonal NK cells, p=0.006; NK clones, p=0.001). This alloreactivity is mediated by “missing self” on the target and is dominated by “lack of C2 group on target”. The “missing C2” effect was absent, however, in C2 homozygous donors lacking 2DS2 (p=0.99). Only very rare cytotoxic NK clones expressing GL183 (2DL2/3, 2DS2) and with alloreactivity against C1 targets could be generated in vitro from 2DS2 -positive, C2 homozygous donors. A majority of these rare GL183-positive clones did not demonstrate inhibitory function against the HLA class I deficient 721.221 transfected with Cw3 (C1-group), and GL183 cross-linking of the clones resulted in increased cytokine production. Thus, KIR2DS2 is an activating receptor in NK clones from C2 homozygous donors, but does not appear to recognize C1 ligand. We next investigated 2DS2 function in donors heterozygous for the C groups (i.e. C1/C2 ). Analysis of NK cell function in a 2DS2 -positive, C1/C2 donor revealed a “missing HLA-KIR ligand” effect for the C2 group. Cytotoxicity by IL2-propagated, polyclonal NK cells and NK clones revealed allocytotoxicity against targets lacking the C2 group (p 2DS2 in this donor was therefore associated with a “skewing” of the NK repertoire towards EB6 positivity, and dominated by functional NK cells that were inhibited by the “self” C2 ligand. Collectively, these studies provide the first evidence that activating KIR can influence the NK cell repertoire. Furthermore, our studies would indicate that presence of activating KIRs in HCT donors for recipients homozygous HLA-KIR ligands might induce post-transplantation graft versus host NK alloreactivity.
Automatic generation of assembly hierarchies for products with complex liaison relations

The assembly hierarchy for a product design determines the subassembly module formation, assembly tasks for the modules and serial-parallel material flow among these tasks. Automatic generation of ...
Utilization of imaging in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients status post Whipple procedure.

e16725Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) remains the third leading cause of cancer death in the Western world. The 5-year survival of patients with PAC remains at 4%. Proper utilization of...
Characterization and Comparison of Primary Care Appointment Utilization Patterns Among Military Health System Beneficiaries.

INTRODUCTION The role of primary care in the United States is vitally important to improving health outcomes, minimizing waste, and controlling cost. The Military Health System is tasked with both caring for its beneficiaries and ensuring the medical readiness of active duty service members, who often have needs unique to those in the civilian population. Balancing the number of individuals assigned to a primary care clinician with the clinician's capacity to meet their medical needs and anticipated appointment demand is a fundamental cornerstone of effective primary care clinic management in any setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the Military Health System Data Repository, this cross-sectional study utilized descriptive statistics and Poisson regression to describe crude and adjusted primary care appointment utilization trends among Military Health System beneficiaries during fiscal year 2016. RESULTS The primary care appointment utilization rate of the study population was 3.3 visits per person-year. The youngest and oldest age groups, women, active duty, and those enrolled to Army clinics had the highest utilization rates within each of the respective covariates. Active duty women had the highest utilization of any group in the data set, with a crude rate of 4.7 visits per person-year. CONCLUSIONS Primary care utilization trends are different among different demographic subgroups within the Military Health System (MHS). Unmet demand, patient acuity, clinician continuity, robustness of team support, and other important factors that influence appointment utilization were not incorporated in this study. Superficially, these data suggest that the MHS enrollment target of 1,100-1,300 patients per full-time primary care clinician is roughly appropriate, though this should be interpreted with caution given the limitations.
The politics of differentiated integration: what do governments want? Country Report – Austria

This working paper investigates the salience of and the position on Differentiated integration (DI) for the Austrian government. The analysis is based on both an analysis of government programmes, programmatic government speeches and parliamentary debates between 2004 and 2019/20. It shows that DI is overall not a salient issue in Austria, at least with regard to general DI concepts and models. Specific instances of DI were, of course, subjects of intense debates but, with very few exceptions such as the financial transaction tax as an instance of enhanced cooperation, rarely discussed with specific reference to DI. Overall, most Austrian parties are also not generally in favour of DI, quite the opposite. The dominant vision of the EU is that of a community of closely cooperating Member States with the same rights and responsibilities where opt-outs are seen as cherry picking. Only one party has forcefully supported the development of a core Europe, namely the right-wing populist Bundnis Zukunft Osterreich (Alliance for the Future of Austria, BZO). In this case, however, DI is mainly regarded as a means to exclude groups of Member States (especially the financially more vulnerable or net recipients) from areas of integration.
Excitatory synaptic transmission in hippocampal area CA1 is enhanced then reduced as chronic epilepsy progresses.

Abstract This study examines changes in synaptic transmission with progression of the chronic epileptic state. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (P40–45) were injected with either saline or pilocarpine. In rats injected with pilocarpine, status epilepticus ensued. Hippocampal slices were cut 20–60 days or 80–110 days post-treatment. Evoked and miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) were recorded from CA1 pyramidal neurons using whole-cell voltage-clamp. Fiber volleys were also recorded from stratum radiatum. Evoked EPSCs from the pilocarpine-treated cohort showed enhanced amplitudes 20–60 days post-treatment compared to the saline-treated cohort, whereas mEPSCs recorded from the same age group showed no change in event frequency and a slight but significant decrease in mEPSC amplitude distribution. In contrast, comparing evoked EPSCs and mEPSCs recorded 80–110 days after treatment indicated reduced amplitudes from pilocarpine-treated animals compared to controls. mEPSC inter-event interval decreased. This could be explained by a partial depletion of the ready releasable pool of neurotransmitter vesicles in Schaffer collateral presynaptic terminals of the pilocarpine-treated rats. In both saline- and pilocarpine-treated cohorts, concomitant decreases in mEPSC amplitudes as time after treatment progressed suggest that age-related changes in CA1 circuitry may be partially responsible for changes in synaptic transmission that may influence the chronic epileptic state.
Image enhancement in active incoherent millimeter-wave imaging

Active incoherent millimeter-wave imaging is an emerging technology that combines the benefits of passive and active millimeter-wave imaging by using incoherent noise transmission and passive receive interferometric processing. In this paper, we investigate computational image processing techniques to achieve enhanced image reconstruction with a small number of antenna elements and without the need for accurate calibration. We demonstrate enhancement of images through simulation and experimental data collected with a 38-GHz active incoherent millimeter-wave imager.
Recovery of Sensation over the Distribution of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve following Mandibular resection without Nerve Reconstruction

Purpose To assess the long-term recovery of sensation in the lower lip after mandibular resection without reconstruction of the inferior alveolar nerve. Material and Methods Thirty patients who had mandibular resection carried out without reconstruction of the inferior alveolar nerve were examined after an interval ranging from 6 to 33 years. Results Only 1 patient, seen 10 years after resection, was totally numb over the distribution of the inferior alveolar nerve. The other 29 patients had some return of sensation and many had a significant return, though it may take several years to reach the final result. Utilizing the MRC scale 70% of patients achieved S3 (return of superficial cutaneous pain and tactile sensibility without over response) Conclusion This study can serve as a baseline for comparison with patients who have had mandibular resection with reconstruction of the inferior alveolar nerve to assess if this procedure improves the outcomes.
Pediatric lymphadenopathy: Which patients need evaluation by an oncologist?

e13605Background: While lymphadenopathy may be the first sign of cancer in children, it can also be a manifestation of non-malignant illness. Lymphadenopathy is a common reason for referral to a pe...