cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stock market response to changes in movies’ opening dates

How does the market react to news regarding large uncertain projects? We analyze stock market reactions to information about changes in opening dates of movies, and present two main findings. First, we find systematic negative stock price responses to the scheduling changes we consider, suggesting that any changes are interpreted as bad news by the market. Second, we find that the market reaction is greater for movies with higher production costs, but is unrelated to subsequent box office revenues. This may point to a limited ability of the market to predict the box office performance of a movie, and to increased sensitivity of the market to cost effects, which are easier to forecast.
The effect of recombinant human growth hormone on responses to alloantigens in the pediatric transplant patient

Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) improves growth in children after renal transplantation, but may be associated with augmented immune responses. We previously demonstrated that rhGH augments proliferative and cytotoxic responses and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) mRNA expression during a mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). In this study, we evaluated 12 pediatric patients after receiving a renal allograft from one of their parents. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from patients and cultured with either donor or unrelated third-party PBMC in an MLC. Patients developed significant donor-specific hyporesponsiveness (DSH), however, no correlation was seen between the amount of DSH and graft function. Of the 12 patients, 2 developed augmented responses in the presence of rhGH. rhGH augments proliferation, cytotoxicity, and IFN-γ expression during an MLC. Some patients develop increased responses to donorspecific alloantigens after renal transplantation. Further study is needed to better determine the significance of this finding.
From Atomic Shelters to Arms Control: Libraries, Civil Defense, and American Militarism during the Cold War

This article analyzes American libraries' civil defense activities during the Cold War along with their decision to redirect their efforts away from civil defense and toward arms control initiative...
Estrogen binding to hepatic nuclei of Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stouti.

High-affinity, low-capacity estrogen-specific binding sites were detected in nuclei isolated from hagfish liver by the use of an in vitro [H3]estradiol exchange assay. A single class of high-affinity sites was found in highest concentration in liver from adult vitellogenic female fish. Nonvitellogenic females had a small amount of estrogen binding by liver nuclei. No estrogen binding could be detected in nuclei from either liver tissues of a sexually immature hagfish or muscle tissues of vitellogenic adults. The results suggest that estrogen induction of vitellogenesis in hagfish may be mediated by nuclear hormone receptors.
Susceptibility measurements near the 3He liquid–gas critical point

An electrostriction method was used to determine the susceptibility along the critical isochore near the liquid-gas critical point of 3He.
Pulsed-source investigations on graphite systems

Abstract The thermal diffusion coefficient was measured in solid graphite systems as a preliminary to measurements in systems containing cavities. The pulsed-source technique was employed and the results are in agreement with those of previous experimenters. A discussion is given of the problems associated with interpretation of the data in terms of diffusion parameters and of some implications regarding the value of λ ∗ = (νϵ t ) min .
SURVIVING OUR PARADOXES? MASCULINITY, MODERNITY, AND THE BODY

This article contends that, as a complex experience with definite implications for the body, modern civilization exercises a double logic that promotes and supports the interests of elite males while at the same time threatening to undermine those interests by eroding the corporeal foundations of male privilege. This argument is developed by examining: 1) those places in the West where localized concerns about the declining power and fitness of male bodies have reflected transnational engagements with modern civilization; 2) the ways in which tensions between masculinity and civilization are played out in time and space; and 3) how these anxieties about bodies in the modern world have contributed to fantasies of “new men” since the eighteenth century.
JSTEPS: EBP transportability

three time periods. Results indicate that organizational support predicts subsequent turnover intentions (I2=−.39, pb .001) and affective professional commitment partially mediates this relationship (I2=−.32, pb .001). The model held for counselors but not clinical supervisors. Counselor recovery statusmoderated the perceived support–commitment link. Findings suggest that increasing organizational support reduces turnover intentions via professional commitment, particularly for counselors not in recovery.
High Levels of Multiple Paternity in Littorina saxatilis: Hedging the Bets?

The mating system of a species can have great effects on its genetic structure and evolution. We studied the extent of multiple paternity in a gastropod with internal fertilization, the intertidal snail Littorina saxatilis. Paternal genotype reconstruction based on microsatellite markers was performed on the offspring of wild, naturally fertilized females from 2 populations. The numbers of males contributing to the offspring per female were among the highest detected in invertebrates so far, with the exception of social insects. No reproductive skew in favor of males that were genetically more distant from the females was detected, and the pattern of fertilization appeared random. The result fits a hypothesis of indiscriminate mating, with genetic bet hedging as the most likely explanation. Bet hedging may have evolved as a form of inbreeding avoidance, if the snails are not able to recognize relatives. However, nutritional benefits from sperm or sexual conflict with males are additional possibilities that remain to be assessed in this species. Whatever the causes, such high levels of multiple paternity are remarkable and are likely to have a large impact on population structure and dynamics in a species in which migration between populations is spurious.
Factors affecting survival after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Abstract To identify the factors affecting the high mortality rates associated with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a review was made of the records of 81 patients treated surgically between 1972 and 1983. Correlation of data with survival and predictive value of preoperative findings were studied. The mortality rate was 43.2%; there was a 29.2% mortality rate among those surviving the day of surgery. Patient-determined variables associated with deaths included age more than 76 years, hematocrit less than 30% and acute abnormality detected by ECG at admission, and suprarenal extension or free rupture of the AAA. Survival could be predicted with only 70% accuracy with a computerized discriminant function based on age and hematocrit and blood pressure values determined at admission. Events following admission associated with death were precipitous fall or persistently low level of preoperative blood pressure, technical complication, and postoperative organ failure. Although the patient's ultimate outcome after ruptured AAA is partly determined before intervention of the physician, efforts to address events resulting in death after admission by improving rapid diagnosis, early resuscitation, and prompt flawless surgery can increase survival. (J VASC SURG 1985;2:564-70.)
Why Do Experienced Challengers Do Better than Amateurs

Politically experienced challengers are more successful in seeking political office than amateurs. The relationship is found so regularly that political experience has become the standard ex ante indicator of challenger quality in studies of American elections. Despite this, little work has investigated why experienced challengers are so successful. Many scholars attribute the relationship to inherent differences between experienced challengers and amateurs: experienced challengers have stronger electoral skills and greater access to material resources. I argue that these differences play a role, but an indirect one. Rather, experienced challengers are lead by both their resource advantage and the high amount of risk they are exposed to in seeking office to run in races in which their party has a good chance of winning. Thus, the direct cause of the experienced challengers’ success is self-selection into winnable races. Empirical analysis supports the self-selection model over a model in which resources directly lead to success.
A key role for Fut1-regulated angiogenesis and ICAM-1 expression in K/BxN arthritis

Objectives Angiogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Fucosyltransferases (Futs) are involved in angiogenesis and tumour growth. Here, we examined the role of Fut1 in angiogenesis and K/BxN serum transfer arthritis. Methods We examined Fut1 expression in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) by quantitative PCR. We performed a number of angiogenesis assays to determine the role of Fut1 using HMVECs, Fut1 null ( Fut1 −/− ), and wild type (wt) endothelial cells (ECs) and mice. K/BxN serum transfer arthritis was performed to determine the contribution of Fut1-mediated angiogenesis in Fut1 −/− and wt mice. A static adhesion assay was implemented with RAW264.7 (mouse macrophage cell line) and mouse ECs. Quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were performed with Fut1 −/− and wt ECs for adhesion molecule expression. Results Tumour necrosis factor-α induced Fut1 mRNA and protein expression in HMVECs. HMVECs transfected with Fut1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide and Fut1 −/− ECs formed significantly fewer tubes on Matrigel. Fut1 −/− mice had reduced angiogenesis in Matrigel plug and sponge granuloma angiogenesis assays compared with wt mice. Fut1 −/− mice were resistant to K/BxN serum transfer arthritis and had decreased angiogenesis and leucocyte ingress into inflamed joints. Adhesion of RAW264.7 cells to wt mouse ECs was significantly reduced when Fut1 was lacking. Fut1 −/− ECs had decreased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression at mRNA and protein levels compared with wt ECs. ICAM-1 was also decreased in Fut1 −/− arthritic ankle cryosections compared with wt ankles. Conclusions Fut1 plays an important role in regulating angiogenesis and ICAM-1 expression in inflammatory arthritis.
High-order accurate simulation of low-Mach laminar flow past two side-by-side cylinders using spectral difference method

This paper reports development of a two-dimensional solver for compressible viscous flow using spectral difference (SD) method and its applications on simulating laminar flow past two side-by-side cylinders at various spacings. The high-order spectral difference solver is based on unstructured quadrilateral grids. High-order curved wall boundary representation is developed for cylinders. Nine different spacings (center-to-center distance/diameter s=1.1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.4 and 4) are investigated. The simulation results are compared to experimental results and other numerical results. As s increases, single bluff-body, flip-flopping, anti-symmetric and symmetric wake patterns are predicted.
Parallel climate and vegetation responses to the early Holocene collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet

Parallel changes in lake-level and pollen data show that the rapid decline of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) between 10,000 and 8000 cal yr BP triggered a step-like change in North American climates: from an ice-sheet-and-insolation-dominated climate to a climate primarily controlled by insolation. Maps of the lake-level data from across eastern North America show a reorganization of climate patterns that the pollen data independently match. Raised lake-levels and expanded populations of moist-tolerant southern pines (Pinus) document that summer monsoons intensified in the southeastern United States between 9000 and 8000 cal yr BP. Simultaneously, low lake-levels and an eastward expansion of the prairie illustrate an increase in mid-continental aridity. After the Hudson Bay ice dome collapsed around 8200 cal yr BP, lake-levels rose in New England, as populations of mesic plant taxa, such as beech (Fagus) and hemlock (Tsuga), replaced those of dry-tolerant northern pines (Pinus). Available moisture increased there after a related century-scale period of colder-than-previous conditions around 8200 cal yr BP, which is also recorded in the pollen data. The comparison between pollen and lake-level data confirms that vegetations dynamics reflect climatic patterns on the millennial-scale.
Wide field of view, wide spectral band off-axis helmet-mounted display optical design

There has been a tremendous advance in image source development for the past decade. Comparing with a traditional CRT (cathode ray tube), the image sources such as organic liquid crystal display (OLED) and addressable matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) are multi-color, low cost, high resolution, very high efficiency and low power consumption. Therefore, they are ideal candidates as a helmet-mounted display (HMD) image source. Unfortunately, the traditional narrow band HMD using CRT as the image source is no longer suitable for the latest image sources. To take the advantages associated with the multi-color and high resolution image source, the HMD has to be capable of wide field of view and wide spectral band.
APL-1, the Alzheimer’s Amyloid Precursor Protein in Caenorhabditis elegans, Modulates Multiple Metabolic Pathways Throughout Development

Mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene or in genes that process APP are correlated with familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The biological function of APP remains unclear. APP is a transmembrane protein that can be sequentially cleaved by different secretases to yield multiple fragments, which can potentially act as signaling molecules. Caenorhabditis elegans encodes one APP-related protein, APL-1, which is essential for viability. Here, we show that APL-1 signaling is dependent on the activity of the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16 and the nuclear hormone receptor DAF-12 and influences metabolic pathways such as developmental progression, body size, and egg-laying rate. Furthermore, apl-1(yn5) mutants, which produce high levels of the extracellular APL-1 fragment, show an incompletely penetrant temperature-sensitive embryonic lethality. In a genetic screen to isolate mutants in which the apl-1(yn5) lethality rate is modified, we identified a suppressor mutation in MOA-1/R155.2, a receptor-protein tyrosine phosphatase, and an enhancer mutation in MOA-2/B0495.6, a protein involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. Knockdown of apl-1 in an apl-1(yn5) background caused lethality and molting defects at all larval stages, suggesting that apl-1 is required for each transitional molt. We suggest that signaling of the released APL-1 fragment modulates multiple metabolic states and that APL-1 is required throughout development.
Towards Extreme(ly) Usable Software: Exploring Tensions Between Usability and Agile Software Development

Design is an inherently multidisciplinary endeavor. This raises the question of how to develop systems in ways that can best leverage the perspectives, practices, and knowledge bases of these different areas. Agile software development and usability engineering both address important aspects of system design, but there are tensions between the methods that make them difficult to integrate. This work presents a development approach that draws from extreme programming (XP), a widely practiced agile software development process, and scenario-based design (SBD), an established usability engineering process. It describes three key questions that need to be addressed for agile software development methods and usability engineering practices to work together effectively, and it introduces interface architectures and design representations that can address these questions.
Focused ion beams in future nanoscale probe recording

Focused ion beam (FIB) applications in the field of nanoscale probe recording are explored. A detailed description of how to use FIBs for trimming longitudinal and perpendicular magnetic recording and playback devices to dimensions of less than 100 nm is presented. An experiment was conducted to demonstrate that the magnetoresistive property of a read element, e.g. a giant-magnetoresistive sensor, strongly depends on the focused ion current and the beam accelerating voltage.
Effects of temperature and density on retention in capillary supercritical-fluid chromatography

Abstract Retention of fluoranthene using carbon dioxide and a methyl silicone capillary column was measured at multiple, constant densities while changing temperature. Log k′ vs. 1/T plots (at constant density) yielded straight lines with different slopes. Each slope gave a value for the total enthalpy of interaction between solute, mobile, and stationary phase, at each density. Gas chromatographic measurements using the same column and low pressure carbon dioxide gave a value for the interaction of the solute and the stationary phase. The difference between the total enthalpy and the solute-stationary phase enthalpy gave an approximate value for the solute-mobile phase enthalpy of interaction. Solubility problems emerged as temperature was decreased while density was held constant.
Design for Postponement: A Comprehensive Characterization of Its Benefits Under Unknown Demand Distributions

Recent papers have developed analytical models to explain and quantify the benefits of delayed differentiation and quick response programs. These models assume that while demands in each period are random, they are independent across time and their distribution is perfectly known, i.e., sales forecasts do not need to be updated as time progresses. In this paper, we characterize these benefits in more general settings, where parameters of the demand distributions fail to be known with accuracy or where consecutive demands are correlated. Here it is necessary to revise estimates of the parameters of the demand distributions on the basis of observed demand data. We analyze these systems in a Bayesian framework, assuming that our initial information about the parameters of the demand distributions is characterized via prior distributions. We also characterize the structure of close-to-optimal ordering rules in these systems, for a variety of types of order cost functions.
Link Scheduling for Scalable Data Aggregation

We explore the link scheduling optimization prob- lem in the context of scalable in-network data aggregation, extending results for broadcast networks to routing in general networks. The primary vehicle for resource preservation is transmission suppression. For certain types of queries, nodes can avoid transmitting records if they can locally infer that their data is not needed to execute the query. We introduce a novel protocol paradigm for duplicate-insensitive exemplary monotonic (e.g. MIN and MAX) data aggregation queries. Performance of query execution in these networks is measured through collective expected number of transmissions in the net- work, and is linked to the minimum and maximum connectivity (δ, Δ) of nodes in general graphs. Nodes can reduce transmissions and save power by forcibly broadcasting partial results to the network during data collection. An algorithm running in time O(nm) is presented which achieves O((n ln n ln Δ)/δ) expected transmissions.
IntelliBadge TM : Towards Providing Location-Aware Value-Added Services at Academic Conferences

This paper contains details on a project aimed to provide location-aware value- added services to the participants of an academic conference. The major characteristic of this project is the fusion of RFID technology, database management, data mining, real-time information visualization, and interactive web application technologies into an operational integrated system deployed at a major public conference. The developed system tracks conference attendees, analyzes the tracking data in real-time and provides various services to the attendees, such as a real-time snapshot of the conference events attendance, the ability to locate friends in the convention center, and the ability to search for events of interest. The results of this experiment were revealing in terms of both the potential of the developed technology and the conference dynamics.
Endoscopic Tools and Techniques for Tissue Removal and Ablation

The first snare polypectomy was performed by Wolff and Shinya in 1969 just 3 months after their report of the first successful complete colonoscopy. This rapid progression from a diagnostic procedure to therapeutic intervention illustrates the driving force for the endoscopic removal of tissue from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Significant advances have developed since Wolff and Shinya’s initial experience making colonoscopic polypectomy the most common therapeutic endoscopic procedure performed today. This chapter describes the tools and techniques used for removing tissue from the GI tract for therapeutic purposes.
Retrograde Renal Cooling to Minimize Ischemia

Objective: During partial nephrectomy, renal hypothermia has been shown to decrease ischemia induced renal damage which occurs from renal hilar clamping. In this study we investigate the infusion rate required to safely cool the entire renal unit in a porcine model using retrograde irrigation of iced saline via dual-lumen ureteral catheter. Materials and Methods: Renal cortical, renal medullary, bowel and rectal temperatures during retrograde cooling in a laparoscopic porcine model were monitored in six renal units. Iced normal saline was infused at 300 cc/hour, 600 cc/hour, 1000 cc/hour and gravity (800 cc/hour) for 600 seconds with and without hilar clamping. Results: Retrograde cooling with hilar clamping provided rapid medullary renal cooling and significant hypothermia of the medulla and cortex at infusion rates ≥ 600 cc/hour. With hilar clamping, cortical temperatures decreased at -0.9° C/min. reaching a threshold temperature of 26.9° C, and medullary temperatures decreased at -0.90 C/min. reaching a temperature of 26.1° C over 600 seconds on average for combined data at infusion rates ≥ 600 cc/hour. The lowest renal temperatures were achieved with gravity infusion. Without renal hilum clamping, retrograde cooling was minimal at all infusion rates. Conclusions: Significant renal cooling by gravity infusion of iced cold saline via a duel lumen catheter with a clamped renal hilum was achieved in a porcine model. Continuous retrograde irrigation with iced saline via a two way ureteral catheter may be an effective method to induce renal hypothermia in patients undergoing robotic assisted and/or laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.
Impact of Neighborhood and Individual Socioeconomic Status on Survival after Breast Cancer Varies by Race/Ethnicity: The Neighborhood and Breast Cancer Study

Background: Research is limited on the independent and joint effects of individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) on breast cancer survival across different racial/ethnic groups. Methods: We studied individual-level SES, measured by self-reported education, and a composite neighborhood SES (nSES) measure in females (1,068 non-Hispanic whites, 1,670 Hispanics, 993 African-Americans, and 674 Asian-Americans), ages 18 to 79 years and diagnosed 1995 to 2008, in the San Francisco Bay Area. We evaluated all-cause and breast cancer–specific survival using stage-stratified Cox proportional hazards models with cluster adjustment for census block groups. Results: In models adjusting for education and nSES, lower nSES was associated with worse all-cause survival among African-Americans ( P trend = 0.03), Hispanics ( P trend = 0.01), and Asian-Americans ( P trend = 0.01). Education was not associated with all-cause survival. For breast cancer–specific survival, lower nSES was associated with poorer survival only among Asian-Americans ( P trend = 0.01). When nSES and education were jointly considered, women with low education and low nSES had 1.4 to 2.7 times worse all-cause survival than women with high education and high nSES across all races/ethnicities. Among African-Americans and Asian-Americans, women with high education and low nSES had 1.6 to 1.9 times worse survival, respectively. For breast cancer–specific survival, joint associations were found only among Asian-Americans with worse survival for those with low nSES regardless of education. Conclusions: Both neighborhood and individual SES are associated with survival after breast cancer diagnosis, but these relationships vary by race/ethnicity. Impact: A better understanding of the relative contributions and interactions of SES with other factors will inform targeted interventions toward reducing long-standing disparities in breast cancer survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(5); 793–811. ©2014 AACR .
Dietary vitamin B-6 restriction does not alter rates of homocysteine remethylation or synthesis in healthy young women and men

Background: The effects of vitamin B-6 status on steady-state kinetics of homocysteine metabolism in humans are unclear. Objective: The objective was to determine the effects of dietary vitamin B-6 restriction on the rates of homocysteine remethylation and synthesis in healthy humans. Design: Primed, constant infusions of [ 13 C5]methionine, [3- 13 C]serine, and [ 2 H3]leucine were conducted in healthy female (n5)andmale(n4)volunteers(20–30y)beforeandafter4wk of dietary vitamin B-6 restriction (0.5 mg vitamin B-6/d) to establish whether vitamin B-6 status affects steady-state kinetics of homocysteine metabolism in the absence of concurrent methionine intake. Effects of dietary vitamin B-6 restriction on vitamin B-6 status, plasma amino acid concentrations, and the rates of reactions of homocysteine metabolism were assessed. Results: Dietary vitamin B-6 restriction significantly reduced plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentrations (55.1 8.3 compared with 22.6 1.3 nmol/L; P 0.004), significantly increased plasma glycine concentrations (230 14 compared with 296 15; P 0.008), and significantly reduced basal (43%; P 0.001) and PLP-stimulated (35%; P 0.004) lymphocyte serine hydroxymethyltransferase activities in vitro. However, the in vivo fluxes of leucine, methionine, and serine; the rates of homocysteine synthesisandremethylation(totalandvitaminB-6–dependent);and the concentrations of homocysteine, methionine, and serine in plasma were not significantly affected by dietary vitamin B-6 restriction. Conclusions: Moderate vitamin B-6 deficiency does not significantly alter the rates of homocysteine remethylation or synthesis in healthy young adults in the absence of dietary methionine intake. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:648–55.
Evidence that 2-hydroxyglutarate is not readily metabolized in colorectal carcinoma cells

Two-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is present at low concentrations in healthy mammalian cells as both an L and D enantiomer. Both the L and D enantiomers have been implicated in regulating cellular physiology by mechanisms that are only partially characterized. In multiple human cancers, the D enantiomer accumulates due to gain-of-function mutations in the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and has been hypothesized to drive malignancy through mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. While much attention has been dedicated to identifying the route of 2HG synthesis, the metabolic fate of 2HG has not been studied in detail. Yet the metabolism of 2HG may have important mechanistic consequences influencing cell function and cancer pathogenesis, such as modulating redox potential or producing unknown products with unique modes of action. By applying our isotope-based metabolomic platform, we unbiasedly and comprehensively screened for products of L- and D-2HG in HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells harboring a mutation in IDH1. After incubating HCT116 cells in uniformly 13C-labeled 2HG for 24 h, we used liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to track the labeled carbons in small molecules. Strikingly, we did not identify any products of 2HG metabolism from the thousands of metabolomic features that we screened. Consistent with these results, we did not detect any significant changes in the labeling patterns of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites from wild type or IDH1 mutant cells cultured in 13C-labeled glucose upon the addition of L, D, or racemic mixtures of 2HG. A more sensitive, targeted analysis revealed trace levels of isotopic enrichment (<1 %) in some central carbon metabolites from 13C-labeled 2HG. However, we found that cells do not deplete 2HG from the media at levels above our detection limit over a 48 h time period. Taken together, we conclude that 2HG carbon is not readily transformed in the HCT116 cell line. These data indicate that the phenotypic alterations induced by 2HG are not a result of its metabolic products.
Review of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesviruses and Acute Hemorrhagic Disease

More than 100 young captive and wild Asian elephants are known to have died from a rapid-onset, acute hemorrhagic disease caused primarily by multiple distinct strains of two closely related chimeric variants of a novel herpesvirus species designated elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV1A and EEHV1B). These and two other species of Probosciviruses (EEHV4 and EEHV5) are evidently ancient and likely nearly ubiquitous asymptomatic infections of adult Asian elephants worldwide that are occasionally shed in trunk wash secretions. Although only a handful of similar cases have been observed in African elephants, they also have proved to harbor their own multiple and distinct species of Probosciviruses-EEHV2, EEHV3, EEHV6, and EEHV7-found in lung and skin nodules or saliva. For reasons that are not yet understood, approximately 20% of Asian elephant calves appear to be susceptible to the disease when primary infections are not controlled by normal innate cellular and humoral immune responses. Sensitive specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA blood tests have been developed, routine monitoring has been established, the complete large DNA genomes of each of the four Asian EEHV species have now been sequenced, and PCR gene subtyping has provided unambiguous evidence that this is a sporadic rather than epidemic disease that it is not being spread among zoos or other elephant housing facilities. Nevertheless, researchers have not yet been able to propagate EEHV in cell culture, determine whether or not human antiherpesvirus drugs are effective inhibitors, or develop serology assays that can distinguish between antibodies against the multiple different EEHV species.
EXAMINING TWO STANDARD ASSUMPTIONS OF ANCESTRAL RECONSTRUCTIONS: REPEATED LOSS OF DICHROMATISM IN DABBLING DUCKS (ANATINI)

Although phylogenetic reconstruction of ancestral character states is becoming an increasingly common technique for studying evolution, few researchers have assessed the reliability of these reconstructions. Here I test for congruence between a phylogenetic reconstruction and a widely accepted scenario based on independent lines of evidence. I used Livezey's (1991) phylogeny to reconstruct ancestral states of plumage dichromatism in dabbling ducks (Anatini). Character state mapping reconstructs monochromatic ancestors for the genus Anas as well as most of its main clades. This reconstruction differs strongly from the widely accepted scenario of speciation and plumage evolution in the group (e.g., Delacour and Mayr 1945; Sibley 1957). This incongruence may occur because two standard assumptions of character state reconstruction are probably not met in this case. Violating either of these two assumptions would be a source of error sufficient to create misleading reconstructions. The first assumption that probably does not apply to ducks is that terminal taxa, in this case species, are monophyletic. Many of the widespread dichromatic species of ducks may be paraphyletic and ancestral to isolated monochromatic species. Three lines of evidence support this scenario: population-level phylogenies, biogeography, and vestigial plumage patterns. The second assumption that probably does not apply to duck plumage color is that gains and losses of character states are equally likely. Four lines of evidence suggest that dichromatic plumage might be lost more easily than gained: weak female preferences for bright male plumage, biases toward the loss of sexually dichromatic characters, biases toward the loss of complex characters, and repeated loss of dichromatism in other groups of birds. These seven lines of evidence support the accepted scenario that widespread dichromatic species repeatedly budded off isolated monochromatic species. Drift and genetic biases probably caused the easy loss of dichromatism in ducks and other birds during peripatric speciation. In order to recover the accepted scenario using Livezey's tree, losses of dichromatism must be five times more likely than gains. The results of this study caution against the uncritical use of unordered parsimony as the sole criterion for inferring ancestral states. Detailed population-level sampling is needed and altered transfor- mation weighting may be warranted in ducks and in many other groups and character types with similar attributes.
Primary Frequency Regulation Testing and Optimization of the Thermal Power Plants

The article introduces the logic design and parameter setting of the thermal power unit primary frequency modulation, elaborated assessment point of primary frequency modulation function by grid corporation, and put forward some optimization of primary frequency modulation function.
An Example and Its Effects of Advanced Treatment for Oil Refinery Wastewater

This paper mainly described the existing treatment process and its operational performance of advanced treatment for oil refinery wastewater advanced treatment in one petrochemical company.Through such deep treatment process and the operating conditions it could be seen that removal rates of COD,ammonia,petroleum substances,and turbidity were 80.4%,89.7%,89.1%,and 71.3% respectively,showing a good removal effects,that might provide valuable reference for such wastewater treatment design and operation.
Bubbler: A Novel Ultra-High Power Density Energy Harvesting Method Based on Reverse Electrowetting.

We have proposed and successfully demonstrated a novel approach to direct conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy using microfluidics. The method combines previously demonstrated reverse electrowetting on dielectric (REWOD) phenomenon with the fast self-oscillating process of bubble growth and collapse. Fast bubble dynamics, used in conjunction with REWOD, provides a possibility to increase the generated power density by over an order of magnitude, as compared to the REWOD alone. This energy conversion approach is particularly well suited for energy harvesting applications and can enable effective coupling to a broad array of mechanical systems including such ubiquitous but difficult to utilize low-frequency energy sources as human and machine motion. The method can be scaled from a single micro cell with 10−6 W output to power cell arrays with a total power output in excess of 10 W. This makes the fabrication of small light-weight energy harvesting devices capable of producing a wide range of power outputs feasible.
HadoopViz: A MapReduce framework for extensible visualization of big spatial data

This paper introduces HadoopViz; a MapReduce-based framework for visualizing big spatial data. HadoopViz has three unique features that distinguish it from other techniques. (1) It exposes an extensible interface which allows users to define a new visualization types, e.g., scatter plot, road network, or heat map, by defining five abstract functions, without delving into the implementation details of the MapReduce algorithms. As it is open source, HadoopViz allows algorithm designers to focus on how the data should be visualized rather than performance or scalability issues. (2) HadoopViz is capable of generating big images with giga-pixel resolution by employing a three-phase technique, partition-plot-merge. (3) HadoopViz provides a smoothing functionality which can fuse nearby records together as the image is plotted. This makes it capable of generating more types of images with high quality as compared to existing work. Experimental results on real datasets of up to 14 Billion points show the extensibility, scalability, and efficiency of HadoopViz to handle different visualization types of spatial big data.
Treatment of Recurrent and Widespread Testicular Tumor by Radical Reductive Surgery and Multiple Sequential Chemotherapy

AbstractThere were 37 patients with stages II and III testicular tumors treated by a combination of multisequential chemotherapy and radical reductive surgery. Two protocols were used: 30 patients received bleomycin, vinblastine, platinum, doxorubicin hydrochloride, cyclophosphamide and actinomycin D (protocol A), and 7 patients received bleomycin, vinblastine, vincristine, platinum and actinomycin D (protocol B). A complete clinical remission was achieved in 19 of the 37 patients (51.3 per cent), for an average survival of 12.9 months to date. A partial clinical remission was obtained in 7 patients (18.9 per cent), for an average survival of 14.2 months. Eleven of the patients (29.7 per cent) escaped from therapeutic control. The collective response (complete and partial clinical remissions) represented 70.2 per cent of the patients (26 of 37), with an average survival of 14.8 months. A new approach for the simultaneous excision of metastases in the abdomen and the chest is described and the rational bas...
The Lesser Evil of E-Cigarettes.

The article examines the assumptions about the safety of e-cigarettes. Topics discussed include the impact of tobacco smoking on health, the introduction of e-cigarettes to the market in the early 2000s, and the lack of data which demonstrate the health risks presented by these products, particularly on the flavorings and other additives that they carry. The lack of regulation on the use of chemical additives is mentioned.
The Perils of ‘As If’ European Constitutionalism

This review article offers thoughts on Kaarlo Tuori's recent book, European Constitutionalism, and more particularly on what he calls the ‘disciplinary contest over the legal characterisation of the EU and its law’. As the book's title suggests, Tuori privileges the constitutional perspective in that contest, so much so—he freely admits—that his analysis ‘predetermine[s] how the EU and its law will be portrayed’. And therein also lies the book's main weakness. Tuori's predetermined ‘constitutional’ interpretation, like so much of the dominant legal discourse in the EU today, ultimately obscures the core contradiction in EU public law. National institutions are increasingly constrained in the exercise of their own constitutional authority but supranational institutions are unable to fill the void because Europeans refuse to endow them with the sine qua non of genuine constitutionalism: the autonomous capacity to mobilise fiscal and human resources in a compulsory fashion. The EU's lack of constitutional power in this robust sense derives from the absence of the necessary socio‐political underpinnings for genuine constitutional legitimacy—what we can call the power‐legitimacy nexus in EU public law. To borrow Tuori's own evocative phrase, the EU possesses at best a ‘parasitic legitimacy’ derived from the more robust constitutionalism of the Member States as well as from the positive connotations that using ‘constitutional’ terminology evokes regardless of its ultimate aptness. The result is an ‘as if’ constitutionalism, the core feature of which is an increasingly untenable principal‐agent inversion between the EU and the Member States, one with profound consequences for the democratic life of Europeans. The sustainability of integration over the long term depends on confronting these adverse features of ‘European constitutionalism’ directly, something that legal elites—whether EU judges, lawyers, or legal scholars—ignore at their peril.
The Impact of Texting Interruptions on Task Performance

Texting has become ubiquitous in today’s society. The high rate of cellular and wireless coverage across the globe coupled with the ease and low cost of some smartphones has made staying in touch easy—some might say too easy. Texting apps allow people to communicate with friends and family whenever and wherever they want, but these interruptions are not always at opportune moments and can be distracting. This paper discusses preliminary results of ongoing research into the effects of texting on task performance. In particular, data was collected using three treatment groups (zero, three, and six text messages). via WhatsApp during a reading comprehension task. The results reveal that high levels of interruptions affect task performance.
The role of literacy in the association between educational attainment and depressive symptoms

There is a consistent association between education and depressive symptoms, but research on the mechanisms to explain this association remains limited. No study has formally evaluated the extent to which the association between education and depressive symptoms is mediated through a foundational skill such as literacy. Inverse odds ratio weighting (IORW) was used to estimate total, natural direct, and natural indirect effects in examining literacy as a mediator of the association between education and depressive symptoms. Health and Retirement Study participants born in the U.S. between 1900 and 1947 were interviewed biennially for up to 12 years (N = 16,718). Literacy was assessed with a brief vocabulary measure. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 8-item Centers for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Decomposition estimates were derived using regression analyses of repeated measures of depressive symptoms. Standard errors were obtained using a nonparametric bootstrap with the individual as the independent unit to account for dependence of observations within an individual. In a large cohort of older Americans, a one standard deviation difference in educational attainment (~ 3 years) was associated with a 0.35-point decrement in CES-D score (95% CI: -0.38, -0.32). This decrement represents a 0.22 standard deviation difference in depressive symptoms. Using IORW, the estimated effect of education on depressive symptoms mediated through literacy was -0.10 (95% CI: -0.18, -0.01), which represents 28% of the total effect. Education confers many benefits; as demonstrated by this study for depressive symptoms, one important benefit is literacy.
Optical modeling and characterization of radiative cooling for solar energy applications

Radiative cooling is a method to control the temperature of semiconductor devices used in concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) and solar thermophotovoltaics (TPV). We find that it can increase the operating voltage and efficiency up to 5%.
That tagging was annoying: An extension of expectancy violation theory to impression management on social network sites

Abstract Built on expectancy violation theory, this study investigated how individuals respond to face-threatening information (FTI) on Facebook. We compared how external contingencies of self-worth (CSW; staking self-worth on others’ evaluations) influenced negative affect and remediation between publicly and privately exchanged FTI. Participants were exposed to two putative pieces of FTI concerning their academic performance and morality from an acquaintance provided either publicly or privately. Results (N = 204) show that external CSW only predicted negative affect in the public condition, and negative affect mediated the impact of external CSW on remediation only when FTI concerning morality was public. Our findings suggest that impression management online is a function of self-esteem, the subject, and publicness of FTI.
The Co-Evolution of Technology and Work-Organization

According to Benjamin Franklin, “Man is a tool-making animal.” Had he lived today, Franklin might have said that man is a technology maker, and that he is very successful at that. Skeptics, on the other end, think that this success has generated over-industrialization, over-technologication, and man has become a technology taker╌;nolens volens.
Understanding Travelers’ Adoption of Hotel Reservation Web sites

The dynamic nature of Internet requires rapid adaptation by both hotel and intermediary companies to utilize their Web sites as major information distribution channels as well as online transaction tools. This study explores the travelers’ usage of hotel reservation Web sites. Overall, it was found that the adoption of hotel reservation Web sites can be predicted by the extended TAM framework. Prior experience, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived playfulness have an impact on attitudes toward using reservation Web sites. Moreover, attitudes and perceived playfulness are key determinants of travelers’ intentions to use these Web sites for reservations.
Hearing the Contradictions: Aesthetic Experience, Music and Digitization:

If, as Susan Buck-Morss (2003) suggests, aesthetic experience is an occasion for “making critical judgments about not only cultural forms but social forms of our being-in-the-world,” or if it is li...
The effects of viewing thin, sexualized selfies on Instagram: Investigating the role of image source and awareness of photo editing practices

Abstract This experiment examined how features of images shared on social media sites, such as Instagram, impact and are evaluated by young adult female users. Specifically, we examined conditions under which female viewers (N = 360, Mage = 20.34, SD = 2.74) were more or less likely to internalize the thin ideal after viewing other women’s selfies (i.e., images taken of oneself by oneself) posted on Instagram that depicted the thin ideal. We also examined how female viewers evaluated women who posted these selfies. Results indicated that the more female viewers believed that the women digitally modified or altered their selfies, the less likely viewers were to internalize the thin ideal. In addition, the more female viewers believed the women digitally modified their selfies and the more they believed the women were their offline peers (vs. models), the more negatively (e.g., less intelligent, less honest) they evaluated the women. Explanations for why awareness of photo modification and different image sources (peers vs. models) influence evaluations of selfies are discussed.