cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lung dendritic cells and the inflammatory response.

Objective To discuss the role of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in inducing and modulating immune responses in the lung. Data Sources The primary literature and selected review articles studying the role of dendritic cells in both rodent and human lungs as identified via a PubMed/MEDLINE search using the keywords dendritic cell, antigen-presenting cell, viral airway disease, asthma, allergy , and atopy. Study Selection The author's knowledge of the field was used to identify studies that were relevant to the stated objective. Results Dendritic cells are well positioned in the respiratory tract and other mucosal surfaces to respond to any foreign protein. These cells are crucial to the initiation of the adaptive immune response through induction of antigen specific T-cell responses. These cells also play an important role in the regulation of developing and ongoing immune responses, an area that is currently under intense investigation. This review discusses the various subsets of human and rodent dendritic cells and the pathways involved in antigen processing and subsequent immune regulation by dendritic cells in the lung using both viral and nonviral allergenic protein exposure as examples. Conclusions Conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells are uniquely situated in the immune cascade to not only initiate but also modulate immune responses. Therapeutic interventions in allergic and asthmatic diseases will likely be developed to take advantage of this exclusive position of the dendritic cell.
Selective harvest of sooty shearwater chicks: effects on population dynamics and sustainability

Author Posting. © The Authors, 2004. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Blackwell Publishing for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Animal Ecology 74 (2005): 589-600, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00929.x.
Munsell Renotations Used to Study Color Space of Hunter and Adams

The calorimetric scales of recent Hunter and Adams proposals are studied in terms of the smoothed curves of the Munsell renotation space. Three conversion tables prepared provide: I.C.I. (X, Y, Z) data; Adams’ chromatic value data; Hunter’s a and b. Each table extends to the theoretical hue, value, and chroma limits of the original table. Such use of Munsell renotation data makes it possible to visualize the color spacing of the coordinates of any color measuring instrument that is based upon or related to the I.C.I. system, and makes it possible to understand instrument results in terms of color experience, and thus assess the accuracy and precision of an instrument in terms of standard colorimetric practice and known color tolerance.
The Value of Children During Industrialization: Sex Ratios in Childhood in Nineteenth-Century America

Sex ratios in childhood in nineteenth-century America were skewed, with a relative excess of males in agricultural and frontier areas, and the reverse in urban and industrial areas. The pattern is consistent at the state, county, and (where data are available) community and household levels. The most likely con tributing causes are sex-specific migration of families according to the mix of their children, migration of children themselves, and mortality patterns arising from differential childcare based on the sex-specific economic value of children to the household in agricultural versus urban settings. These patterns confirm similar ones observed in developing countries and in the British Isles under condi tions of early agricultural modernization, in which the relative value of female labor declines in agricultural zones.
From Essay to Stage: Documenting Guernica in Palau i Fabre's Homenatge a Picasso

In Homenatge a Picasso (1971) Josep Palau i Fabre brings to the stage the personal and artistic trajectory of the artist who was also his friend. Positioned centrally in this dramatization is the creation of Guernica (1937), the masterpiece and referent of a topic that continued to be taboo even in the final years of the Franco dictatorship. My analysis considers how the play is informed by interpretations presented in Doble assaig sobre Picasso (1964), in which the art critic views the emblematic mural painting as: 1) a culmination and synthesis of four decades of aesthetic experimentation; and 2) an apocalyptic vision of modern war, contextualized by the bombing of the Basque city but imbued with universal resonance. The 1971 spectacle begs to be analyzed through the parameters of Documentary Theater, a mode of playwriting focused on political and historical vindication defined by German Peter Weiss that was highly influential in the Catalan theater of the period. A reading of two later texts by Palau, ...
Greek angles from Babylonian numbers

Models of planetary motion as observed from Earth must account for two principal anomalies: the nonuniform speed of the planet as it circles the zodiac, and the correlation of the planet’s position with the position of the Sun. In the context of the geometrical models used by the Greeks, the practical difficulty is to somehow isolate the motion of the epicycle center on the deferent from the motion of the planet on its epicycle. One way to isolate the motion of the epicycle center is to determine the longitude and time of oppositions of the planet with the mean Sun. A Greek astronomer might have realized that the predictions of mean oppositions by Babylonian models could serve as useful proxies for real empirical observations. It is shown that a Greek astronomer with a reasonable understanding of Babylonian System A models for the outer planets and the Sun–Moon could have used those models to estimate approximate values for the eccentricity e and longitude of apogee A required for geometrical models. The same method would work for the inner planets if conjunctions were observable, but they are not, and the variation of the observable synodic events—first and last morning and evening visibilities—is dominated more by the motion of the planet in latitude than the nonuniform motion of the epicycle center.
Catalysis of decarboxylation by an adjacent negative charge: a theoretical approach.

Abstract We have calculated the rate acceleration in decarboxylation reactions that can be accomplished by charge–charge repulsion between the substrate carboxylate and an adjacent negative charge in media of various dielectric constants. It has been shown that a full negative charge or surrounding partial negative charges will have the same effect. It is concluded that the rate of decarboxylation could be greatly accelerated by the presence of a negative charge nearby. For example, in media with dielectric constants from 5.62 to 20.7, a 10 8 -fold rate acceleration could be achieved by a negative charge placed 3.77 A away from the substrate carboxylate group. However, p K a perturbation on two carboxylate groups at close proximity may limit the extent of catalysis. It should also be noted that the extent of catalysis does not change much when the dielectric constant varies from 5.62 to 20.7.
Zooplankton spatial distributions in coastal waters of the northern Arabian Sea, August, 1995

Abstract The spatial distribution of zooplankton biomass was surveyed in coastal waters of the northern Arabian Sea during the 1995 Southwest Monsoon (August) on cruise MB 95-06 of the NOAA Ship Malcolm Baldrige . Vertical patterns of displacement volumes from a limited set of paired day–night MOCNESS tows suggest there was little diel vertical migration in the coastal waters off the southern Arabian Peninsula. Zooplankton biomass varied from 5.2 to 15.1 g dw m −2 (178–517 mM C m −2 ) in the upper 200–300 m of Omani coastal waters. Distributions of acoustic backscatter were mapped in eight daytime acoustic Doppler current profiler transects in coastal waters off Oman and Somalia. Several transects contained maxima in acoustic backscatter that coincided with cool, fresh surface features that were several tens of kilometers wide. Although there was considerable scatter in the relationship between acoustically determined biomass (ADB) of zooplankton and surface temperature, there was a trend of increased biomass in the cool surface temperatures of the Omani upwelling zone. Acoustic transects crossed two filaments that extended seaward from upwelling centers off Oman and Somalia. Estimated zooplankton ADB exported from the upwelling zones in the surface features was on the order of 300 kg dw s −1 . The physical and biological characteristics of filaments maintain zooplankton associated with upwelling areas, such as Calanoides carinatus , as they are advected offshore from coastal upwelling zones.
Activity-based Protein Profiling Implicates Urokinase Activation as a Key Step in Human Fibrosarcoma Intravasation

Entry of malignant cells into the vasculature (i.e. intravasation) requires proteolytic remodeling of the extracellular matrix so that tumor cells may pass through the local stroma and penetrate the vessel wall. The circulatory system then provides a means of transporting tumor cells to distant sites where they extravasate and establish metastatic lesions. This study utilizes activity-based protein profiling to compare the active serine hydrolase repertoire in high intravasating (HT-hi/diss) and low intravasating (HT-lo/diss) variants of the human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cell line to determine which enzyme(s) play a role in intravasation. Activity-based protein profiling revealed multiple serine hydrolases with altered activity between HT-hi/diss and HT-lo/diss cells, with the largest difference being the activity of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). Levels of inactive uPA zymogen were similar between the two cell variants, but only HT-hi/diss conditioned medium contained active uPA, suggesting that uPA activation may contribute to the enhanced intravasation of HT-hi/diss cells. To analyze the role of uPA activity specifically in the process of intravasation, we grafted cells from the two HT-1080 variants onto the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos and measured levels of tumor cell intravasation in the distal chorioallantoic membrane using quantitative human-specific Alu PCR. Inhibition of uPA activity with natural (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) or synthetic (amiloride) inhibitors diminished HT-hi/diss Matrigel invasion in vitro and intravasation and metastasis in vivo. Additionally, treatment of HT-lo/diss tumors with exogenous active uPA increased the number of intravasated cells in vivo. These results indicate that active uPA promotes tumor cell intravasation and that uPA activation appears to be a key step in tumor progression.
Cadaveric fascial sling with bone anchors: minimum of 24 months of follow-up.

OBJECTIVES Available published studies to define outcomes using cadaveric fascia for transvaginal urethral sling placement have revealed, in general, disappointing outcomes. However, limited data exist detailing long-term outcomes using this sling type and, more specifically, fascial grafts prepared using solvent-dehydrated techniques. We present our long-term outcomes using non-frozen solvent-dehydrated cadaveric fascia lata for transvaginal urethral sling placement with bone anchors. METHODS A retrospective review was performed of 354 patients who had undergone non-frozen solvent-dehydrated cadaveric fascia lata for transvaginal urethral sling placement with bone anchors with a minimal follow-up of 24 months. A subjective assessment was performed using validated incontinence and quality-of-life questionnaires performed at 6 and 12 months and annually thereafter. RESULTS A total of 238 patients (67%) completed follow-up questionnaires with a minimum of 24 months of follow-up. Of the 238 respondents, 71%, 67%, and 65% reported fewer than one episode of stress urinary incontinence per week, and 63%, 58%, and 59% of respondents reported minimal clinical improvement of 70% at a minimal follow-up of 24, 48, and 60 months, respectively. The corresponding rates of dryness were 34%, 27%, and 22% for the same follow-up periods. The Urogenital Distress Inventory, 6-item, and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire, 7-item, scores were not significantly different statistically when compared at each assessed follow-up point. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that non-frozen solvent-dehydrated cadaveric fascia lata for transvaginal urethral sling placement with bone anchors is a safe and efficacious procedure for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Mild decreases in subjective satisfaction and improvement were seen during an extended follow-up period, although the validated questionnaire scores remained stable throughout the same period. However, a significant reduction in the dry rate was also observed during extended follow-up.
Studies on ochronosis. II. Studies on benzoquinoneacetic acid, a probable intermediate in the connective tissue pigmentation of alcaptonuria

Benzoquinoneacetic acid, the quinone of homogentisic acid, given intraperitoneally to guinea pigs is distributed mainly into skin and cartilage, as found previously with homogentisic acid. In contrast to homogentisic acid, benzoquinoneacetic acid reacts chemically with proteins and homogenates of skin and cartilage in vitro to give products which may be similar to those formed during the development of ochronotic pigmentation of the connective tissues in alcaptonuria. The physical and chemical events leading to ochronosis are discussed. Acido benzoquinonacetic, le quinona de acido homogentisic, quando administrate per via intraperitonee a porcos de India, es distribuite principalmente in pelle e cartilagine, como il esseva previemente trovate in le caso de acido homogentisic. Per contrasto con acido homogentisic, acido benzoquinonacetic reage chimicamente con proteinas e homogenatos de pelle e cartilagine in vitro resultante in le formation de productos que es possibilemente simile a illos formate durante le disveloppamento de pigmentation ochronotic del tissus conjunctive in alcaptonuria. Es discutite le evenimentos physic e chimic que resulta in le apparition de ochronosis.
Low resistivity as-deposited ohmic contacts to 3C-SiC

The contact resistivities of Al and Ti ohmic contacts to n-type 3C-SiC were measured using the circular TLM method. The surface doping concentration under the contact was increased by ion-implantation of nitrogen into SiC. The contact resistivity was observed to decrease with increasing surface doping concentration for both Al and Ti contacts. The minimum value for the contact resistivities for Aland Ti contacts was 1.4x 10-5and 1.5 x 10-5 ω cm2, respectively, at the surface doping concentration of 3 x 1020 cm-3 without any annealing of the contacts. These values are an order of magnitude lower than previously reported minimum values for as-deposited ohmic contacts on n-type 3C-SiC.
Longitudinal predictors of reading achievement among at-risk children

Early exposure to multiple risk factors is related to an elevated risk for academic difficulty. Thus, it is important to promote academic resilience as early as possible and to identify factors that support resilience. Given the positive relation between early literacy skills and later academic outcomes, examining resilience in reading is important. This study examined, first, whether the reading gap widens or narrows for below-average and above-average, at-risk children during the first four years of school; and, second, what protective factors predict reading achievement over time from kindergarten through the end of third grade. Results indicated that as a group, low-achieving children made smaller gains in reading than high-achieving children over the first four years of school. In addition, participation in center-based prekindergarten care, plus more access to books in the home, better interpersonal skills, and fewer poor physical conditions immediately surrounding elementary schools served as prote...
Reduction of the End Effector Sensitivity to the Structural Deflections of a Single Flexible Link: Theoretical and Experimental Results

The fine positioning problem of the gripper of flexible robotic manipulators is addressed in this study. A two-axis cartesian micro-manipulator is implemented to reduce the sensitivity of the gripper to the structural deformations of a single flexible link. A laser head with a dual axis photodetector are used to provide direct measurements of the transverse deflections at the free-end of the beam and to detect mechanical inaccuracies caused by manufacturing imperfections and assembly misalignment
A comparison of clinically and empirically derived MMPI groupings in low back pain patients

Two methods of grouping MMPI scales were employed with 271 patients who were attending a Back Clinic at a university hospital. One method involved clinically derived decision rules, while the other utilized a multivariate clustering procedure. Five subgroups of patients were identified with each method. Both procedures showed subgroup differences in terms of pretreatment pain intensity, activity limitations, McGill affective scores, and physician ratings of degree of functional impairment; the elevated subgroups showed more dysfunction. Follow-up comparisons revealed that, regardless of the classification procedure used, the elevated subgroups showed poorer response to treatment. Only the clinically derived groupings had significant differences in chronicity of pain and total scores on the McGill Pain Questionnaire. On the other hand, only the statistically based system showed significant differences on age and marital status. Furthermore, only the statistical system identified subgroups of male patients that predicted followup pain intensity decreases in a manner that indicated clinical usefulness.
Carbohydrate, fat, and protein condition similar flavor preferences in rats using an oral-delay procedure.

Flavor preferences conditioned by carbohydrate (Polycose), protein (casein hydrolysate), and fat (corn oil) were compared using an oral-delay training method. In Experiment 1 separate groups of food deprived rats were trained to associate a CS+ flavor (e.g., grape-saccharin) with the delayed (10 min) presentation of isocaloric carbohydrate, protein, or fat sources. A CS- flavor (e.g., cherry-saccharin) was paired with the delayed presentation of an unflavored saccharin solution. In subsequent two-bottle tests the carbohydrate, protein, and fat trained groups displayed significant preferences for the CS+ over the CS-. In Experiment 2 each rat was trained to associate two new flavors with two of the three nutrients (e.g., orange with carbohydrate, and strawberry with protein). In subsequent two-bottle tests the rats equally preferred the two nutrient-paired flavors. Experiment 3 compared the preferences for the new CS+ flavors vs. the original CS-flavor. The rats displayed similar preferences for carbohydrate-, protein- and fat-paired CS+ over the CS-. The similar preferences obtained with the three different nutrients support the view that preference conditioning is mediated by the nutrients' caloric value. Other studies suggest, however, that nutrient-specific signals are also involved in the conditioning process.
Spinal subdural hematoma, neurilemmoma, and acute transverse myelopathy

A 74-year-old woman had acute cervical transverse myelopathy from a neurilemmoma. Although extremely rare, the possibility of tumor should be recognized in patients with apparently spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma. As in other cases of compressive myelopathy, early operation is essential for recovery of neurological deficit.
A new version of the reactive infinite-order sudden approximation: The incorporation of optical potentials

Abstract In this work the ordinary inelastic infinite-order sudden approximation was coupled with optical potentials to formulate a new version for the reactive infinite-order sudden approximation (RIOSA). Cross sections obtained for the exothermic reactions Ar+H 2 + (ν + =0, 1)→ArH + +H were found to be similar to both the experimental and the quasiclassical cross sections but two to three times larger than those obtained with the previous RIOSA version.
Insulin and glucose 6-phosphate stimulation of Ca2+ uptake by skinned muscle fibers

Abstract Calcium uptake by skinned muscle fibers is stimulated by physiological concentrations of insulin. These fibers, which lack a functional plasma membrane, are permeable to macromolecules but retain extensive portions of their sarcolemma in the form of transverse tubules intercalated between the myofibrils. They have an active sarcoplasmic reticulum that removes 45Ca2+ from solution at concentrations below the threshold that initiates contraction (less than 1 microM). The Ca2+ uptake activity is stimulated by insulin, presumably in response to its binding to those receptors located in the transverse tubules. Addition of glucose 6-phosphate, whose intracellular concentration increases in response to insulin, also stimulates Ca2+ uptake, a unique property of this preparation. These data indicate that insulin and glucose 6-phosphate act in concert to stimulate the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The resulting decrease in myoplasmic Ca2+ and the increase in glucose 6-phosphate would serve to mediate some of the anabolic effects of the hormone.
Morphology of polystyrene/poly(dimethyl siloxane) blends compatibilized with star polymers containing a γ-cyclodextrin core and polystyrene arms

Abstract A star polymer with a γ–CD core and PS arms is used to compatibilize blends of the immiscible polymers PS and PDMS. The mechanism of compatibilization is threading of the CD core by PDMS and subsequent solubilization in the PS matrix facilitated by the star arms. Spun-cast films of this blend are examined with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Blends without CD-star exhibit large-scale phase separation, whereas those containing CD-star exhibit very homogeneous morphologies in the optical microscope and nanometer-sized phase domains in the AFM. The effect of PDMS molecular weight on the blend morphology is insignificant. The morphology of the compatibilized films does not change significantly after annealing at 125 °C for 3 days, indicating that the CD-star polymer effectively stabilizes these blends at temperatures where both polymers are mobile and could otherwise undergo large-scale phase separation. The degree of compatibilization in these blends is correlated with the molar ratio of PDMS repeat units to CD-star molecules.
Physical environments for toddlers in group care

Because of their particular developmental characteristics, toddlers in group care need an environment which is different from settings in which infants or preschoolers are cared for. Several facets of the physical environment that enhance and promote some specific aspects of toddler development are addressed and recommendations are made for the improvement of physical environments in group care so they are more responsive to normal toddler developmental needs.
What Have HMOs Learned about Clinical Prevention Services? An Examination of the Experience at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound

Over the last 20 years, HMOs have begun to develop population- and evidence-based systems for their clinical prevention services. Because of their integrated information systems and staff communications, HMOs are uniquely positioned to help physicians to identify systematically the primary risk factors or secondary prevention needs of individuals and to provide specific referral or screening services and off-site telephone counseling services to effect seamless, organized intervention. A review of the relevant published literature was combined with the empirical experience of the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound in Seattle to illustrate the approach of one large staff-model HMO. Challenges for the future include creating clinical information systems, establishing adequate funding, instituting practitioner incentives, training practitioners for behavioral change, and developing and integrating patient self-care.
Self-energy correction to the two-photon decay width in hydrogenlike atoms

We investigate the gauge invariance of the leading logarithmic radiative correction to the two-photon decay width in hydrogenlike atoms. It is shown that an effective treatment of the correction using a Lamb-shift "potential" leads to equivalent results in both the length and velocity gauges provided all relevant correction terms are taken into account. Specifically, the relevant radiative corrections are related to the energies that enter into the propagator denominators, to the Hamiltonian, to the wave functions, and to the energy conservation condition that holds between the two photons; the form of all of these effects is different in the two gauges but the final result is shown to be gauge invariant, as it should be. Although the actual calculation only involves integrations over nonrelativistic hydrogenic Green functions, the derivation of the leading logarithmic correction can be regarded as slightly more complex than that of other typical logarithmic terms. The dominant radiative correction to the 2S two-photon decay width is found to be -2.020 536(α/π)(Zα) 2 In[(Zα) - 2 ] in units of the leading nonrelativistic expression. This result is in agreement with a length-gauge calculation [S. G. Karshenboim and V. G. Ivanov, e-print physics/9702027], where the coefficient was given as -2.025(1).
The pure rotational spectrum of VS (X4Σ−): A combined Fourier transform microwave and millimeter-wave study

Abstract The pure rotational spectrum of the vanadium sulfide radical, VS (X 4 Σ − ), has been measured in the frequency range 5–310 GHz using a combination of millimeter-wave direct absorption and Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) techniques. In the millimeter-wave region, the radical was produced in an AC discharge from the reaction of VCl 4 , the vanadium donor, and CS 2 . In the FTMW instrument, the molecule was created in a supersonic jet, coupled with a laser ablation/DC discharge source (DALAS), from a mixture of metal vapor and H 2 S, heavily diluted in argon. A total of 8 rotational transitions were measured for VS, in which both the quartet fine structure and vanadium hyperfine splittings were resolved. The spectra were analyzed with a Hund’s case (b) Hamiltonian, and rotational, spin–rotation, spin–spin, and hyperfine parameters were determined. The precision of the constants from previous optical studies was refined and, for the first time, the vanadium quadrupole constant, eQq = −7.6 (4.0) MHz, and the third order Fermi contact correction, b S = −0.293 (94) MHz, were established. From the fine structure parameters, the nearby 4 Π and 2 Σ + states were estimated to lie ∼6560 cm −1 and ∼7170 cm −1 above the ground state. The hyperfine constants suggest that the bonding in VS is partly ionic, with a significant degree of covalent character.
Is hepatic glycogen content a regulator of glucagon secretion

Abstract The role of plasma glucose as a major regulator of glucagon secretion is well established. However, this feedback regulation appears to break down in several states in which a closer relationship is apparently evident between plasma glucagon and hapatic glycogen content. Therefore, we assessed plasma glucagon as well as glucose response (Δglucose) to intravenous (IV) bolus administration of 1 mg glucagon after an overnight fast (a reliable and accurate estimate of the magnitude of hepatic glycogen content) in a population of normal subjects and subjects with hepatic cirrhosis and hyperthyroidism, both of which are disorders characterized by hepatic glycogen depletion. Plasma glucose concentrations were not significantly different in either group. However, plasma glucagon and insulin concentrations were significantly increased and Δglucose significantly decreased in both cirrhotic patients and hyperthyroid patients as compared with normal subjects. Furthermore, a significant relationship (r = −.55, P
In vitro clonal analysis of progenitor cell patterns in dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia of the quail embryo

The possible presence of pluripotent cells in dorsal root (DRG) and sympathetic ganglia (SG) of the quail embryo has been investigated by in vitro clonal analysis. Both types of ganglia originate from the neural crest. At, or soon after, initiation of emigration from the neural tube, the neural crest appears as a mixed population of pluripotent cells and cells with more restricted developmental capacities. In the present study it was determined that pluripotent cells and precursor cells with restricted developmental potentials are also present in early DRG and SG, and that their proportions change with progressing age of the embryo. As in the neural crest, cells in one class are at least tripotent, able to give rise to pigment cells, sensory neurons, and cells in the sympathoadrenal lineage. Cells in the other class appear to have lost the melanogenic potential, but generate cells in the sensory neuron and sympathoadrenal lineages. In addition, there are two types of cells that seem to be committed to the melanogenic and sensory neuron lineages, respectively. Apparently committed melanogenic cells within the DRG are not detected after the first third of embryonic development, whereas precursor cells that are at least bipotent and generate both types of neurons persist in both DRG and SG at least through the first half of embryonic development. Neurogenic cells that are apparently committed to the sensory neuron or sympathoadrenal lineages were observed in the appropriate type of ganglion only, suggesting that location-specific cues influence the choice of phenotype generated by pluripotent neural crest cells.
Carbon Dioxide Chemistry: Characterization of the Carbon Dioxide Reaction Product of a Dinuclear Titanium Complex

Reaction of [CpTi(μ-H)]2(μ-η5:η5-C10H8) with CO2 (3 atm) leads to the formation of the bis(formato) complex [CpTi(μ-η1-(O)CHO)]2(C10H8) (1). Complex 1 contains monodentate bridging formate ligands....
Relationship of the zygomatic facial nerve to the retaining ligaments of the face: The sub-SMAS danger zone

Background:The transition zone between cheek superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and malar SMAS is difficult to raise because of proximity of zygomatic nerve branches. The authors attempted to clarify the three-dimensional anatomy of the retaining ligaments in relation to nerve branches in
The first 70,000

Abstract A brief examination and discussion is given for the nine types of basic observational data which may be quickly obtained with telescopes of moderate size for stars brighter than visual magnitude 8·5. It is concluded that for these 70,000 stars photoelectric multicolour data and much more accurate proper motions are most urgently required. Furthermore, existing photoelectric techniques should be applied to the determination of their precise spectral and luminosity classes. The development of a photoelectric technique for the quick determination of radial velocities offeres a special challenge and seems attainable. The key role of the photoelectric cell in most of these types of observations strongly suggests the need for a new and specialized type of observatory; such an observatory is especially needed in the southern hemisphere.
Concurrent Presentation of High-Grade Lymphoma and Metastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor 14 Years After Renal Transplant

The development of malignancy, especially lymphoma, is common after solid organ transplant. However, concurrent malignancies are rare and result in a diagnostic and treatment dilemma, particularly in the post-transplant setting. We present a case of a 78-year-old male who was discovered to have a high-grade post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) and metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) 14 years after kidney transplant. He presented with abdominal pain and at surgical resection was found to have a large small intestine tumor that was consistent with high-grade diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Immune suppression was reduced, and staging workup was completed. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid metastatic lesions in the liver and a mass in the pancreatic head. Before treatment was initiated, biopsy of a liver lesion revealed metastatic PNET. Due to aggressiveness and potential high mortality of the lymphoma, he was started on rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP). After five cycles he developed worsening abdominal pain consistent with progression of the PNET and was placed on everolimus. Here we discuss the complexity of diagnosing concurrent primaries and the treatment of such in the post-transplant setting. J Hematol. 2014;3(4):112-115 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jh180w
Low power implementation of DCT for on-board satellite image processing systems

Full adders are the significant elements which need to be analyzed for low-complexity implementation. Algorithms which minimize the complexity of multiplications of the input image matrix and the DCT matrix focus on reducing the number of full adders (NFAs) needed to implement the multiplication. In this paper, we have successfully proposed a novel technique to reduce considerably the NFAs, and thereby both the power consumption and time delay involved in implementing the image-DCT multiplication. The authors make use of row-column transformations of the input image matrix exploiting the symmetry of the DCT. Design results show that our method gives an average reduction in power of about 10.5% when compared to Differential Pixel Implementation (DPI) [12] and 16.5% when compared to the conventional implementation. The proposed method can also be made recursive, which can further reduce the NFAs for the implementation.
Phosphorescent Organic Light-emitting Devices to Sense Contact Stresses

We studied the electrical and optical responses of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with green and red phosphorescent dyes doped in a polymer matrix to compressive stresses. The green OLED converted stresses as low as 6.8 kPa into measurable and reversible changes in both current density and electroluminescence (EL) intensity. The current showed a nearly linear characteristic response with sensitivity up to 205 μA kPa-1, whereas the EL intensity decreased by over three orders of magnitude at 107 kPa. In contrast, stress-induced modulations in current and light intensity were noticeable in the red OLED only above 160 kPa. The discrepancy has been attributed to different rates of stress-enhanced back exciton energy transfer between guest and host molecules, which quenches the EL of the green OLED, but has a much smaller impact on the performance of the red OLED. It is expected that similar green phosphorescent OLEDs built on large curved surfaces may directly image stress distributions and sense touch on a par with a human finger.
Family therapists, community, and civic renewal

In this article, we review family therapy's history regarding community concerns and broader societal issues; offer a model of levels of therapists' involvement with communities and community systems; and propose that family therapists join the citizen activation movement by becoming catalytic partners with families in communities. We call for a new kind of community practice that is driven less by therapist-defined problems and professional expertise, and more by community-defined problems and families' own expertise.
Impact of differential zircon fertility of granitoid basement rocks in North America on age populations of detrital zircons and implications for granite petrogenesis

Abstract Age populations of detrital zircons in sand or sandstone preserve a reliable record of the ages of granitoid source rocks from which most of the zircon grains were ultimately derived, and this provenance signal can be used to infer sediment sources from independent knowledge of the areal distribution of granitoids of different ages provided allowance is made for sedimentary recycling of durable zircon sand grains. A compilation of 1386 whole-rock Zr analyses (ppm) from 72 North American suites of granitoid rock implies that the mean zircon fertility of different types and ages of granitoids ranges over nearly half an order of magnitude. Although Zr enters the lattices of some other igneous minerals sparingly, zircon contents of granitic rocks are inferred to vary with Zr contents. Subduction-related granitoid suites of varying ages (Archean, Paleoproterozoic, accreted peri-Gondwanan Neoproterozoic, Appalachian Paleozoic, Cordilleran Mesozoic) have a mean Zr content of 150 ppm and are assigned an arbitrary zircon fertility factor (ZFF) of 1.0. Mesoproterozoic Grenville granitoid suites associated with collisional orogeny have a mean Zr content of ~ 520 ppm (ZFF ~ 3.5). Anorogenic plutons of a transcontinental Mesoproterozoic igneous belt and of Appalachian pre-Iapetan Neoproterozoic and pre-Atlantic Mesozoic rift belts have a mean Zr content of ~ 375 ppm (ZFF ~ 2.5). Variations in the content of other high field strength elements (HFSE) parallel variations in Zr content. The differential zircon fertility of granitoid basement rocks should be taken into account for estimates of relative contributions of zircon populations from multiple bedrock sources to sediment of mixed provenance, and variations in ZFF suggest that subduction-related, collision-related, and anorogenic granitoid assemblages reflect different modes of crust–mantle evolution.
The new politics of Supreme Court appointments

1⁄2ll a vacancy on the Supreme Court, and for all his rhetoric about bipartisanship, he is clearly spoiling for a 1⁄2ght. Not only has Bush pledged to appoint justices in the mold of the Court’s most conservative jurists, but at the start of his second term he also renominated several controversial lower court judges whom Democrats had successfully opposed. Senate Democrats also show no signs of backing down. Their opposition to Bush’s appellate court nominees has hardly been as obstructionist as Republicans have claimed, but they did noisily contest several of his most ideologically extreme 1⁄2rst-term choices, once resorting to a 1⁄2libuster.1 Their rare unity on the issue, coupled with Bush’s resolve, all but guarantees a partisan brawl over a future Supreme Court nomination. Should such a showdown occur, it seems likely that antagonists will staunchly–and implausibly–deny that the nominee’s ideology is at issue. Despite the patently ideological nature of so many recent judicial appointment 1⁄2ghts, the participants now routinely profess to be assessing the nominees solely on their professional merits. This phony premise goes largely unchallenged in the news media–seemingly in an effort to uphold an unwritten rule that nomination 1⁄2ghts shouldn’t be waged on ideological grounds, lest the judiciary, the branch of government that’s supposed to stand above the fray of partisan politics, be politicized. A 1⁄2ctive discourse of appointments has thus emerged: a nominee’s advocates make his case in the ideologically neutral language of merit, as if the candidate’s views had no bearing on his selection, while critics 1⁄2nd extrapolitical reasons in which to root their objections –a reputed character flaw, the performance of some unsavory act way back when, or some alleged lack of credentials. These rhetorical sleights on both sides have solidi1⁄2ed the 1⁄2ction that ideological differences aren’t the issue. Yet for all the attention paid to recent nominations, little effort has been made to explain, historically, how this peculiar condition came to pass. In fact, at least 1⁄2ve trends converged in the late twentieth century to forge the current dynamic: the expansion of presidential power and the resulting desire to restrain it; the growing frequency of divided gov-
Hamotus Turalbus, a New Species from Costa Rica (Pselaphidae: Coleoptera)

Yirtually no progress has been made in understanding the large, confusing genus Hamotus within the last thirty years, since Raffray (1904) consolidated the pselaphid fauna of the, world in his excellent catalogue. Lack of sufficient material, a wholly inadequate knowledge of comparative morphology, and ecology of this genus, superficial similarity of the species, and their inadequate description, are largely responsible for this condition. Seventy-four species are listed for Hamotus (Hamotus, Hamotoides) by Raffray (1911), all from Central und South American regions. Since then three more South American forms have been discovered (Raffray, 1911 a, b; 1917) and a new species described from Florida (Fletcher, 1932), which is of especial interest since it is the first definitely known representative of the genus in North America, north of Mexico. This brings the total number of described species of Hamotus, including H.turalbus , to seventy-nine.
Vasilii Zhukovskii as a translator and the Protean Russian nation

The obsessive concern in Russian literary criticism with the national qualities of Russian literature in the second third of the nineteenth century has been traced in Russian literary historiography back into the 1820s and the debates over romanticism and narodnost ’ (national originality). But the subject was broached publicly in the 1810s in debates that concerned translations as original and markedly Russian works of literature. While translation came to be seen as inimical to narodnost ’ in the 1820s and 30s, it would return in a new form as a part of a generalized assimilative cultural project in the 1840s in Nikolai Gogol’s formulation of the nature and mission of the Russian nation. This paradoxical role played by translation, its function in the creation of original literature is, in both periods, linked to the work of Vasilii Zhukovskii. This article demonstrates how Zhukovskii’s practice as a translator, formed in the Friendly Literary Society of his youth and modeled after that of his friend Andrei Turgenev, evoked a critical response that engaged the newest concerns of Russia’s literary elite and generated new critical language and ideas through a productive mixing of classicist and romantic discourse on translations. Zhukovskii as an author-translator thus offers a rich case study to those interested in the creative aspect of translation.
Shape of Collision-Broadened Spectral Lines

Van Vleck and Weisskopf and Fr\"ohlich have derived a microwave line shape by studying the interruption by collisions of the motion of a classical oscillator. They assume that after the instantaneous impact the oscillator variables are distributed according to a Boltzmann distribution appropriate to the value of the applied field at collision. In contrast to the earlier theory of Lorentz, they obtain the correct static polarization. The procedure involves an assumption of very large velocity during collision. This is criticized on the grounds that the duration of collision is short compared to the resonant period and energy exchanges are of the order of $\mathrm{kT}$. We have derived a line-shape formula assuming that the positions are unchanged after impact. Two extreme models are studied. In one, the oscillators have a Maxwellian distribution of velocities after impact; the second is a Brownian motion treatment. The resulting line shape in both cases is that of a friction-damped oscillator. For collision frequency much less than the resonant frequency, the polarization postulated by the above authors is reached as a result of kinematic motion between collisions, and the line shapes agree. However, to obtain equal line widths and peak absorptions, the collision frequency is twice as large for the present theory. For collision frequency comparable to resonant frequency a less distorted line shape results. For testing the theories, experiments on foreign-gas broadening in the microwave region at pressures of the order of an atmosphere are required. Differences between the theories are small for conditions accessible experimentally at present.
Two-dimensional computer analysis of GaAs MESFETs

Abstract A two-dimensional numerical simulator for GaAs MESFETs is presented. A new mobility model that accounts for surface scattering effects is introduced. The numerical predictions of the simulator for the drain current are compared with the experimental data revealing a good agreement over a wide range of voltages.
Maternal smoking, asthma, and bronchiolitis: clear-cut association or equivocal evidence?

Although there is no doubt that secondhand environmental tobacco smoke exposure contributes to lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants and young children in developing countries1 and industrialized nations,2,3 the evidence for a specific effect on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) LRTI is less clear.4 It is the equivocal nature of the evidence for the role of smoking affecting the severity of RSV bronchiolitis that has, in part, prevented the American Academy of Pediatrics from strongly advocating smoking as a risk factor when considering prophylaxis with palivizumab for previously premature infants of 32 to 35 weeks’ gestation.5–7 In this issue of Pediatrics , Carroll et al8 present probably the largest population-based study of term infants with bronchiolitis to determine the association between maternal asthma, maternal smoking, and the incidence and severity of bronchiolitis. In their cohort of >100000 mother-infant dyads, >20% of the infants had 1 health care visit for bronchiolitis. Maternal smoking increased the risk of bronchiolitis by 14%, maternal asthma raised it by 39%, and both together raised it by 47%. Infants of mothers with asthma who smoked had a higher risk for emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Although maternal smoking increased the risk of prolonged hospitalization by 19%, if the mother was smoking and had asthma the increased risk was 38%. Given the enormous size of the study encompassing the vast majority of children, infants, and mothers enrolled in the Tennessee Medicaid … Address correspondence to Eric A.F. Simoes, MB, BS, DCH, MD, Children's Hospital, 1056 E 19th Ave, B070, Denver, CO 80218. E-mail: eric.simoes{at}uchsc.edu
The genetics of sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a complex chronic condition that is undoubtedly influenced by multiple factors. Accumulating data suggest that there are strong genetic underpinnings for this condition. It has been estimated that approximately 40% of the variance in the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) may be explained by familial factors. It is likely that genetic factors associated with craniofacial structure, body fat distribution and neural control of the upper airway muscles interact to produce the OSAHS phenotype. Although the role of specific genes that influence the development of OSAHS have not yet been identified, current research in rodents suggests that several genetic systems may be important. In this chapter, we shall first define the OSAHS phenotype, and then review the evidence that suggests an underlying genetic basis of OSAHS, the risk factors for OSAHS that may be inherited, and potential candidate genes.
Full access to the evidence for falsification

The Epstein, Flynn, and Martohardjorno full access hypothesis could be enhanced by inclusion of criteria for falsification.