cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pivotal Response Treatment for Infants At-Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Study

Presently there is limited research to suggest efficacious interventions for infants at-risk for autism. Pivotal response treatment (PRT) has empirical support for use with preschool children with autism, but there are no reports in the literature utilizing this approach with infants. In the current study, a developmental adaptation of PRT was piloted via a brief parent training model with three infants at-risk for autism. Utilizing a multiple baseline design, the data suggest that the introduction of PRT resulted in increases in the infants’ frequency of functional communication and parents’ fidelity of implementation of PRT procedures. Results provide preliminary support for the feasibility and utility of PRT for very young children at-risk for autism.
Sequoia, a Tramtrack-Related Zinc Finger Protein, Functions as a Pan-Neural Regulator for Dendrite and Axon Morphogenesis in Drosophila

Morphological complexity of neurons contributes to their functional complexity. How neurons generate different dendritic patterns is not known. We identified the sequoia mutant from a previous screen for dendrite mutants. Here we report that Sequoia is a pan-neural nuclear protein containing two putative zinc fingers homologous to the DNA binding domain of Tramtrack. sequoia mutants affect the cell fate decision of a small subset of neurons but have global effects on axon and dendrite morphologies of most and possibly all neurons. In support of sequoia as a specific regulator of neuronal morphogenesis, microarray experiments indicate that sequoia may regulate downstream genes that are important for executing neurite development rather than altering a variety of molecules that specify cell fates.
Management requirements for knowledge management systems in the virtual organisation

In the Virtual Organisation, relationships among employees, managers, customers and suppliers are created and terminated on an irregular schedule. This constant turnover jeopardises the organisation's most valuable asset, its knowledge. Without prudent management, the knowledge created through these relationships will be lost. Effective knowledge management enables organisations to protect themselves from the losses experienced when employees and partners terminate their relationship with the company and also facilitates the proliferation of key ideas across organisational subunits and promotes collaboration among diverse project teams. All stages of knowledge management, from acquisition through cataloging, interpretation, transformation, and distribution can be supported. However, technology alone is not sufficient to achieve the objectives of knowledge management. Management policies must also be used to address participation, auditing, interpretation, dissemination and privacy. This paper presents the CaSIDA model for the design of knowledge management systems, describing the inputs and information flows of each stages of knowledge management.
Creating SPOTs for Successful Aging: Strengthening the Case for Developing University-Based Retirement Communities Using Social-Physical Place Over Time Theory

Five elements are cited as being critical for a university-based retirement communities’ (UBRCs’) success: proximity to the university, two-directional programming, continuing care, a financial link to the university, and a minimum 10% resident connection to the university. We illustrate these criteria using examples from existing UBRCs. The comparisons are then contextualized in the broader framework of Social-Physical Place Over Time (SPOT) theory. SPOT theory focuses on the interactions between social and physical places among older adults. By analyzing the intersections between SPOT theory and UBRC criteria, we identify additional criteria to improve the definition of a UBRC: transportation support and facilitating activity. UBRCs offer value because they provide the social and physical place where older adults can live when they retire, thereby improving changes in individual agency and belongingness needs, which are key tenets of SPOT theory. The integration of the UBRC criteria and the SPOT theory ...
Branchial Na+-K+-ATPase activity in freshwater or saltwater acclimated tilapia, Oreochromis (Sarotherodon) mossambicus: effects of cortisol and thyroxine

The ability of cortisol to stimulate branchial Na+ -K+ -ATPase activity in tilapia was further augmented by thyroxine. The effects of hormonal treatments were greater in the saltwater acclimated fish than in the freshwater acclimated ones.
Exercise and restricted activity effects on reinnervated and cross-innervated skeletal muscles

The effects of relative degrees of post-operative muscle activity and inactivity were compared in animals having undergone peripheral nerve section and repair (i.e. cross-innervation and self-innervation). The muscles involved were the fast twitch flexor hallucis longus and the slow twitch soleus muscles of the guinea pig. Reinnervation of the muscle was complete with either the original nerve or with a foreign nerve after 6 months in all groups of animals regardless of whether the animals were exercised or confined to small individual cages so as to restrict their activity. It can be stated that: (a) the duration (1 week-1 month) of hind-limb immobilization did not alter the extent and efficiency of reinnervation; (b) muscle protein concentration fell in animals whose hind-limbs were immobilized 1 month post-operatively; (c) by using the cross-innervation procedure, histochemical fiber populations correlated closely with the physiologically determined contraction time of the muscle.
Layer-to-layer height control of Laser Metal Deposition processes

A Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) height controller design methodology is presented in this paper. The height controller utilizes the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to estimate model parameters between layers using measured temperature and track height profiles. The process model parameters for the next layer are then predicted using Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA). Using the predicted model, the powder flow rate reference profile, which will produce the desired layer height reference, is then generated using Iterative Learning Control (ILC). The model parameter estimation capability is tested using a four-layer deposition. The results demonstrate the simulation based upon estimated process parameters matches the experimental results quite well. The experimental deposition using this methodology demonstrates good tracking of the height reference in terms of the finished track.
Measuring Success: Evaluation Article Types for the Public Health Education and Promotion Section of Frontiers in Public Health

The aims of this article are to provide a rationale about the importance of evaluation in public health initiatives; justify Public Health Education and Promotion’s decision to create an Evaluation Article Type; and outline the evaluation criteria from which submitted articles will be assessed for publication.
Evolutionary Dissipation of an Antisnake System: Differential Behavior By California and Arctic Ground Squirrels in Above- and Below-Ground Contexts

Arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii ablusus) have been free from snake predation for about 3 million years. To evaluate the effects of this prolonged relaxation of natural selection, lab-born Arctic ground squirrels were compared to snake-inexperienced California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi fisheri) from a habitat where rattlesnake and gopher snake predation is intense. Their behavior was video taped during 10-min encounters with a Pacific gopher snake (Pituophis melanoleucus catenifer) in a seminatural above-ground setting and in an artificial burrow. In separate trials, a domesticated Norway rat was used as a control for the effects of encountering a novel animate object; this rat was enclosed in a slowly moving opaque nylon bag above ground but was allowed to move freely below ground. No evidence was found that, after prolonged relaxed selection from snakes, Arctic ground squirrels retained the specialized behavioral antisnake defenses evident in California ground squirrels. Although we originally hypothesized that the more constrained burrow context might limit the evolutionary dissipation of behavioral antisnake defenses, we found no evidence of a more intact system in Arctic squirrels below than above ground. Arctic squirrels used many of the same general kinds of motor patterns as California squirrels, but in ways that failed to differentiate the gopher snake from the rat in either above- or below-ground contexts. In contrast, the California squirrels tail flagged only in the presence of the snake above ground and differentially applied substrate-throwing at the snake and rat burrow intruders, harassing the snake more than twice as much as the rat. Above ground, California ground squirrels were more conservative toward both adversaries than Arctic ground squirrels were, keeping their distance and therefore experiencing fewer noxious consequences, such as snake strikes. However, this result was context dependent. Below ground, California ground squirrels were more willing than Arctic ground squirrels to approach and harass both burrow intruders. Although repeated striking evoked occasional snake-directed substrate throwing above ground, Arctic ground squirrels never threw substrate at the snake in the burrow. In comparison with California ground squirrels, Arctic ground squirrels appear to enter their first gopher snake encounter with both a much lower assessment of the risk involved and less clearly defined knowledge about how to deal with these risks. We conclude that 3 million years of genetic drift has altered the cognitive system structuring the meaning of snakes to Arctic ground squirrels in various settings.
Effect of Neighborhood Exposures on Changes in Weight among Women in Cebu, Philippines (1983–2002)

The authors aimed to identify the contributions of community factors to weight change in a cohort of women from Metropolitan Cebu, Philippines, between 1983 and 2002. The authors created a three-level random-intercept model to see whether mean body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m) 2 ) varied by individual- and cluster-level variables and identified community characteristics associated with changes in BMI among 2,952 nonpregnant women. The average BMI among women living in places with four public amenities (telephones, electricity, mail delivery, and newspapers) was 0.16 kg/m 2 (95% confidence interval: 0.07, 0.26) higher than that of women living in places with fewer than three amenities. An increase in population density of 10,000 persons per km 2 was associated with a BMI increase of 0.09 kg/m 2 (95% confidence interval: 0.05, 0.13). A model with interactions revealed that the effect of population density increased significantly over time. These findings confirm earlier observations that in low-income countries, obesity starts among the wealthiest communities. Secondary and tertiary prevention policies designed to reduce obesity should be implemented in the most economically developed areas first. Primary prevention would be most needed in less developed areas, where the obesity epidemic is just beginning.
Comments on the course of solar activity during the declining phase of solar cycle 20 (1970–74)

In the declining phase of solar cycle 20 (1970–74) three pulses of activity occurred and resulted in two well defined ‘stillstands’ in the smoothed means of sunspot, 2800 MHz, and calcium plage data. Marked diminutions in spot and 2800 MHz flux took place in 1970 and 1971, respectively, and were accompanied by concomitant decreases in flare-occurrence. Studies of the latitude distribution of spots and flares show the extent of the dominance of the northern hemisphere in cycle 20 and the marked phase shift between northern and southern hemispheres. In the years studied, the longitudes of centers of activity clustered in identifiable zones or hemispheres for relatively long intervals of time. From mid-1973 to mid-1974 the Sun had a relatively inactive hemisphere centered on ∼0° longitude. The relationship of certain well defined ‘coronal holes’ to this inactive hemisphere of the chromosphere is noted. The first two spot groups of the new cycle formed in November 1974 and January 1975 in the longitude zone associated with relatively high levels of old cycle activity, a repetition of the pattern observed in 1963–64.
The First Spacelab Mission

The role of the mission manager in coordinating the payload with the space transportation system is studied. The establishment of the investigators working group to assist in achieving the mission objectives is examined. Analysis of the scientific requirements to assure compatibility with available resources, and analysis of the payload in order to define orbital flight requirements are described. The training of payload specialists, launch site integration, and defining the requirements for the operation of the integrated payload and the payload operations control center are functions of the mission manager. The experiences gained from the management of the Spacelab One Mission, which can be implemented in future missions, are discussed. Examples of material processing, earth observations, and life sciences advances from the First Spacelab Mission are presented.
Untranslated Regions of a Mobile Transcript Mediate RNA Metabolism

BEL1-like transcription factors are ubiquitous in plants and interact with KNOTTED1 types to regulate numerous developmental processes. In potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena), the BEL1-like transcription factor StBEL5 and its Knox protein partner regulate tuber formation by targeting genes that control growth. RNA detection methods and heterografting experiments demonstrated that StBEL5 transcripts are present in phloem cells and move across a graft union to localize in stolon tips, the site of tuber induction. This movement of RNA originates in leaf veins and petioles and is induced by a short-day photoperiod, regulated by the untranslated regions, and correlated with enhanced tuber production. Assays for RNA mobility suggest that both 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions contribute to the preferential accumulation of the StBEL5 RNA but that the 3′ untranslated region may contribute more to transport from the leaf to the stem and into the stolons. Addition of the StBEL5 untranslated regions to another BEL1-like mRNA resulted in its preferential transport to stolon tips and enhanced tuber production. Transcript stability assays showed that the untranslated regions and a long-day photoperiod enhanced StBEL5 RNA stability in shoot tips. Upon fusion of the untranslated regions of StBEL5 to a β-glucuronidase marker, translation in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) protoplasts was repressed by those constructs containing the 3′ untranslated sequence. These results demonstrate that the untranslated regions of the mRNA of StBEL5 are involved in mediating its long-distance transport, in maintaining transcript stability, and in controlling translation.
Identification of androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptor mRNAs in the eye.

. Purpose: Previous research has demonstrated that sex steroids exert a significant influence on the structure and function of numerous ocular tissues. To begin to explore the underlying basis of this hormone action, we examined whether various anterior and posterior tissues of the eye contain androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptor mRNAs. Methods: Tissue samples were obtained from adult male and female rats, rabbits and humans, processed for the isolation of total RNA and analyzed by RT-PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern blot hybridization. All PCR amplifications included positive and negative controls. Results: Our findings showed that androgen, estrogen and/or progesterone receptor mRNAs are present in the lacrimal gland, lacrimal gland acinar epithelial cells, meibomian gland, lid, palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae, cornea, iris/ciliary body, lens, retina/uvea, retina/choroid and retinal pigment epithelial cells of rats, rabbits or humans. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that sex steroid receptor mRNAs exist in a variety of ocular tissues and suggest that these sites may represent target organs for androgens, estrogens and/or progestins.
The organization and regulation of the pyrBI operon in E. coli includes a rho-independent attenuator sequence.

In this paper we describe the structural organization of pyrBI, and provide a detailed analysis of its regulatory region including its DNA sequence.
Role of Natural Nanoparticles in Phosphorus Transport Processes in Ultisols

Labile P is a well-recognized nonpoint source pollutant in agroecosystems. Predicting the fate and transport of P in watershed systems is critical in protecting water quality. In this case study, we investigated the role of soil nanoparticles in P release in South Carolina agricultural soils. Batch desorption experiments were coupled with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (EM) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to better assess the reactivity of soil nanoparticles. The surface soils contained a total P concentration of 260 to 940 mg kg ―1 , approximately 40 to 60% of which was ammonium oxalate extractable P. The 30-d desorption experiments showed that P desorption was initially rapid, followed by a slow continuous release at pH 5.5 and 7. It was generally not correlated with the release of soil nanoparticles (operationally defined as 10-200 nm). Phosphorus was not readily retained on these nanoparticles at pH 4 to 7. These nanoparticles were rich in Si and S, and coated with Fe and C and trace amounts of P, Ca, Na, Mg, and Al. The EM images of nanoparticle morphology showed C-associated globular formations as well as assembled platelets and spherical nanoparticles. The colloid- and nanoparticle-facilitated P release has often been suggested as one of the important pathways for P transport in the soil-water environment. This study presents a new aspect of nanoparticle reactivity in the soil environment, however: nanoparticles do not always contribute to P transport processes.
Phospholipids regulate growth and function of MDCK cells in hormonally defined serum free medium

The effects of the simple phospholipids phosphatidic acid (PA) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on the growth and function of Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells has been studied. We observed that PA and LPA not only stimulated the growth of MDCK cells (at 20µM), but also stimulated the growth of normal rabbit kidney cells in serum free medium (albeit at a lower dosage of 5µM). Evidence was obtained that PA interacts synergistically with insulin so as to elicit a growth stimulatory effect. Recently, extracellular PA and LPA were proposed to stimulate mitogenesis in several types of animal cells by binding to particular sites on the plasma membrane which are coupled to signaling mechanisms such as adenylate cyclase via a pertussis toxin sensitive, inhibitory guanosine triphosphate binding protein (Gi protein) (15). However, even when the pertussis toxin dosage was increased to 50 ng/ml, LPA still had a dramatic growth stimulatory effect on MDCK cells. In the absence of LPA pertussis toxin was slightly growth stimulatory to MDCK cells. Phospholipids such as PA and LPA have been observed to prevent prostaglandin-induced increases in adenylate cyclase activity in other cell types via their effects on such a pertussis toxin sensitive Gi protein. If PA and LPA act on MDCK cells in this manner, then these phospholipids may possibly prevent the effect of PGE1 on the growth of normal MDCK cells. However PGE1 was still growth stimulatory to normal MDCK cells. The effects of PA on PGE1 independent variants of MDCK cells, which have elevated intracellular cyclic AMP levels (22), were also examined. In the presence of PA, PGE1 remained growth inhibitory, rather than growth stimulatory to the PGE1 independent cells. However, the PA dosage required to elicit an optimal growth response (5µM) was dramatically reduced, as compared with normal MDCK cells (20µM). This altered dosage requirement could be explained by the elevated intracellular cyclic AMP levels in the PGE1 independent variants. Like PGE1 and 8-bromocyclic AMP, PA and LPA also significantly increased the initial rate of Rb+ uptake by confluent monolayers of MDCK cells. The increase in the initial rate of Rb+ uptake could be explained by an increase in the ouabain-sensitive component of Rb+ uptake. An increase in the initial rate of ouabain-insensitive Rb+ uptake was also observed in LPA treated MDCK cell cultures.
Reference Values for Exposure to PAH Contaminants: Comparison of Fish from Ohio and Mid-Atlantic Streams

Reference values for background exposures of benzo[a]pyrene (BAP)- and naphthalene (NAPH)-type metabolites were calculated for white sucker, northern hog sucker, and rock bass from the mid-Atlantic region based on the 90th percentile of a probability-based sample. Preliminary findings are presented for common carp. Bile was collected from fish and assayed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites using the fluorescent method of Lin et al. Exposure reference values for white sucker were 0.3 microg/mg protein for BAP-type metabolites and 40 microg/mg protein for NAPH-type metabolites. Values from the Mid-Atlantic region were similar to those previously reported for the Eastern Corn Belt Plains (ECBP) ecoregion. Exposure reference values of BAP-type metabolites for rock bass were 0.3 microg/mg protein and 0.4 microg/mg protein for northern hog sucker. Exposure reference values of NAPH-type metabolites for rock bass were 30 microg/mg protein for rock bass and 50 microg/mg protein for northern hog sucker. Provisional values for common carp based on 39 observations are 0.4 microg/mg protein for BAP-type metabolites and 120 microg/mg protein for NAPH-type metabolites. Small streams exhibited the greatest range of exposures, 0.015-0.689 microg/mg protein for BAP-type metabolites and from 5.7 to 159 microg/mg protein for NAPH-type metabolites. Larger streams had 0.11-0.859 microg/mg protein for BAP-type metabolites and 10.2-286.5 microg/mg protein for NAPH-type metabolites. Exposure reference values for BAP and NAPH-type metabolites could be used as a basis of comparison of exposure to PAH contamination.
Suppressing first row/column coefficients of DCT blocks for lossless JPEG code reduction

This article presents a novel method for exploiting inter/intra-block redundancies for JPEG image coding. It first expands the given image by duplicating certain rows and columns so that if f is a 8 by 8 pixel block and g and h are blocks to its immediate left and above, resp., adjacent pixels at the common boundary of f and g and at the boundary of f with h in the expanded image match. We show that the first column (row) DCT coefficients of f can be predicted without incurring any loss from the remaining DCT coefficients of f and from the DCT coefficients of g (h), assuming that the DCT is reversible. Our experiment shows that on average, we can save about 14.6% of JPEG Huffman code bits just by not coding the first row/column DCT coefficients.
A study of bile acids as opioid receptor ligands in rat brain membranes

There is evidence to suggest that the pruritus that results from liver disease is mediated, at least in part, by opioid receptor-ligand interactions; a central component has been proposed. Opiate drugs with agonist activity at opioid receptors induce naloxone-reversible pruritus. Bile acids accumulate in tissues in liver disease. We studied the ability of bile acids to displace specific opioid ligands from opioid receptors in rat and guinea pig brain membrane preparation in binding assays. None of the bile acids studied displaced significantly the opioid ligands from their receptors suggesting that bile acids in vitro are not opioid receptor ligands. The results of this study do not support a role of these bile acids as direct pruritogens by an opioid receptor-mediated mechanism.
Remarks on Chiral Bosonization

We use the first-order Lagrangian formalism of Faddeev and Jackiw to give some comments concerning chiral bosonization in the recent literature. In particular, after considering the fact that the Abelian formulation of Siegel's model reduces naturally to a gauged version of Floreanini and Jackiw's model, we introduce a method for understanding the bosonic description of the minimal chiral Schwinger model.
Fireball of September 2

THE remark in NATURE of September 8 (p. 318), as to the necessity of further observations for determining the height and velocity of meteors encourages me to send the following note:—
Amniotic fluid concentration of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is increased in human parturition at term

5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) is an arachidonate lipoxygenase product capable of stimulating uterine contractility in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. The purpose of this study was to determine if spontaneous human labor at term is associated with changes in the concentration of this metabolite in amniotic fluid. Fluid was retrieved from 36 women not in labor and from 30 women in active labor at term. 5-HETE was determined by radioimmunoassay. The median amniotic fluid concentration of 5-HETE of women in labor was significantly greater than that of women not in labor (3538 pg/ml vs. 1977 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.05). This observation is consistent with activation of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism during spontaneous human parturition at term.
The post-anaphylaxis dilemma: How long is long enough to observe a patient after resolution of symptoms?

Anaphylaxis may recur 1 to 72 hours after initial signs and symptoms apparently resolve. Reported incidence of biphasic anaphylaxis varies from 1% to 23%. Late-phase severity varies from mild to severe (rarely fatal). No evidence or expert consensus presently identifies distinguishing characteristics in the initial phase that predict a late phase. However, reports propose potential risk factors, including initial phase severity, delayed or suboptimal doses of epinephrine during initial treatment, laryngeal edema or hypotension during initial phase, delayed symptomatic onset after antigen exposure, or history of biphasic anaphylaxis. It is unclear whether systemic corticosteroids administered in the initial phase can prevent or weaken late-phase reactions. Based on available evidence, observation periods after complete resolution of uniphasic anaphylaxis should be individualized, particularly because there are no reliable predictors of biphasic anaphylaxis. A 10-hour observation period appears sufficient, but some investigators recommend 24 hours.
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF THE ACENTRIC CHROMOSOME FRAGMENTS OF MOUSE LEUKEMIA CELLS.

Abstract The present investigation was undertaken to increase our understanding of the behavior of the acentric chromosome fragments after they form micronuclei in the cytoplasm. Lymphocytic leukemia cells of AKR mice carried in the ascites form was used in this study. Chromosome fragmentation leading to the formation of micronuclei was induced by an alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide. The ability of the micronuclei to synthesize DNA was determined by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine, studied by stripping film autoradiography. The silver staining technique was used to detect the presence of nucleolar bodies in the micronuclei. Squash preparations of Giemsa stained cells were also examined to study the morphological nature of the micronuclei during mitosis. The data showed that the micronuclei which contain an appropriate amount of nucleolar material are active in DNA synthesis, although some tend to do so asynchronously with the main nucleus. However, in most part they do not enter mitosis. This finding thus indicates that fragmentation by itself does not seem to impair the genetic function of the cell. The deleterious consequence appears to be the inability of the micronuclei to enter mitosis and their subsequent random distribution into the daughter cells at telophase.
The spiroquinazoline family of alkaloids: a review

The article presents a review of the structures, biological activities and studies directed toward syntheses of the spiroquinazoline family of alkaloids.
Impact of the SEC's Public Fee Disclosure Requirement on Subsequent Period Fees and Implications for Market Efficiency

This study investigates the impact of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) mandated public disclosure of audit fees on subsequent period audit pricing. Our theoretical model predicts that the initial public disclosure of fees will lead to greater precision and reduced dispersion (less variance) in subsequent period fees. Using the new fee disclosures in the first two disclosure years (2000 and 2001), we find significantly smaller variances in audit fees as predicted for 2001 relative to 2000. In addition, we document that those clients that were “overcharged” (“undercharged”) in 2000 have significantly lower (higher) fees in 2001. However, there is greater downward fee adjustment than upward adjustment that suggests that clients have bargaining power over auditors. We also document that subsequent period fees appear to have completed the adjustment process by the second post‐disclosure year (2002) with subsequent fees adjusting on average around 0.31 percent for each one percent of fee surp...
Using GIS to unlock the interactions between biogeography, environment, and evolution in Middle and Late Devonian brachiopods and bivalves

Abstract The Late Devonian was a time of profound evolutionary and environmental change associated with the Frasnian–Famennian biodiversity crisis. One way to unravel the faunal dynamics of this complex crisis is to document the spatial and temporal patterns associated with biodiversity decline. This analysis investigates the relationship between biogeography, relative sea level, and environmental changes in Laurentian brachiopod and bivalve species during the Givetian through Famennian Stages (upper Middle to terminal Devonian). Representatives from all major brachiopod and bivalve clades and paleocommunities were examined to provide a cross-faunal comparison. Species’ ranges were reconstructed both spatially and temporally (at the level of conodont zones) using GIS to understand the timing and extent of species invasions and the importance of geographic range during the crisis interval. Species’ geographic ranges were linked closely with both relative sea-level change and depositional environment and expanded as relative sea-level rose. In addition, times of interbasinal species invasions corresponded closely with sea-level rises that breached tectonic barriers. Species with larger geographic ranges were more resistant to extinction during the Late Devonian. This relationship is reflected partly in a general trend towards increased extinction resistance in taxa that are found farther offshore in environments that potentially included more area. For example, there is an increased survival advantage for species that inhabited the middle and outer platform environments, though not for species inhabiting the open shelf. Additionally, species whose Givetian to Frasnian history includes at least one interbasinal invasion event were more likely to survive the Late Devonian biodiversity crisis than noninvasive species; this may have relevance for our understanding of the current biodiversity crisis, given the role that invasive species are playing in mediating modern extinctions.
Principles and issues in radiological ecological risk assessment

This paper provides a bridge between the fields of ecological risk assessment (ERA) and radioecology by presenting key biota dose assessment issues identified in the US Department of Energy’s Graded Approach for Evaluating Radiation Doses to Aquatic and Terrestrial Biota in a manner consistent with the US Environmental Protection Agency’s framework for ERA. Current radiological ERA methods and data are intended for use in protecting natural populations of biota, rather than individual members of a population. Potentially susceptible receptors include vertebrates and terrestrial plants. One must ensure that all media, radionuclides (including short-lived radioactive decay products), types of radiations (i.e., alpha particles, electrons, and photons), and pathways (i.e., internal and external contamination) are combined in each exposure scenario. The relative biological effectiveness of alpha particles with respect to deterministic effects must also be considered. Expected safe levels of exposure are available for the protection of natural populations of aquatic biota (10 mGy d−1) and terrestrial plants (10 mGy d−1) and animals (1 mGy d−1) and are appropriate for use in all radiological ERA tiers, provided that appropriate exposure assumptions are used. Caution must be exercised (and a thorough justification provided) if more restrictive limits are selected, to ensure that the supporting data are of high quality, reproducible, and clearly relevant to the protection of natural populations.
Bimanual task division preferences for volume selection

Using both hands for 3D interaction allows users to transfer ingrained interaction skills, significantly increase performance on certain tasks, and reduce training [Bowman et al. 2005]. Guiard's framework of Bimanual manipulation states that different classes of bimanual actions exist [1997]. The Bimanual Asymmetric classification consists of both hands, performing different actions, coordinated to accomplish the same task. The Bimanual Symmetric classification involves each hand performing identical actions, either synchronously or asynchronously. Latulipe et al. compared a symmetric, dual-mouse technique for manipulation of spline curves, to two asymmetric dual-mouse techniques and a standard single-mouse technique. The symmetric technique performed best and was most preferred by participants [2006].
‘This is your home now!’: conceptualizing location and dislocation in a dementia unit:

In this chapter, I discuss ethnographic work in a residential unit for Alzheimer’s patients located in the southeastern part of the United States. The borders of home and work in this nursing home are analyzed in order to unpack meanings of ‘home’ for residents. Postmodern discussions of location and dislocation for contemporary identities have relevance for an analysis of this setting. The concepts of non-place (non-lieu) from the work of Marc Auge and of location (lieu) from the work of Pierre Bourdieu are employed in the analysis. In this unit, well-to-do white residents are cared for by working-class black women. Intersections of race and class, as well as gender and age, form an important context for social relationships within this space. The case of one resident who daily asked for her car so that she could go home is used to illustrate the social and spatial arrangements in this setting and the ‘location’ of both patients and staff.
Thermal energy in arthroscopic surgery of the wrist

The application of thermal energy in arthroscopic wrist surgery has increased over the past several years. There are expanding indications for arthroscopic intervention that correlate with the advancement in instrument technology and expanding surgical experience. The radiofrequency energy apparatus has allowed for more precise arthroscopic synovectomies, soft tissue debridement, and thermal shrinkage for various pathologic conditions of the wrist. There is a growing expectation that further development within this field of interest will continue to broaden our surgical ability to manage complex conditions of the wrist through arthroscopic measures with a paucity of complications.
Micronesian Migrants in Hawaii: Health Issues and Culturally Appropriate, Community-Based Solutions

More than 20,000 Micronesians have migrated to Guam, Hawaii, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Of these migrants, more than 8,000 now live in Hawaii. Factors in their home islands driving the recent emigration include the limited economic resources and struggling health care systems. Education systems in Micronesia are inadequate, and there are few job opportunities. The rates of infectious diseases remain high while at the same time, the epidemiologic transition in health has led to an explosion of non-communicable diseases. In Hawaii, the impact of the Micronesians emigration has been significant with most health and education expenses un-reimbursed. The health care costs alone are substantial as many Micronesians travel to Guam or Hawaii for medical treatment unavailable in their home islands. At the same time, Micronesians have difficulty accessing and navigating the health care system. While governmental, private, and academic programs already provide innovative and communitybased services to the Micronesian population, more work remains to be done. Not only are additional services, tailored to the culture and needs of Micronesian migrants, needed but a keener awareness and understanding of the issues surrounding Hawaii’s migrant population must be promoted among all public health stakeholders to ensure that the priority necessary to successfully address these challenges is recognized.
Scholarly research productivity is not related to higher three-year licensure pass rates for physical therapy academic programs

In the domain of academia, the scholarship of research may include, but not limited to, peer-reviewed publications, presentations, or grant submissions. Programmatic research productivity is one of many measures of academic program reputation and ranking. Another measure or tool for quantifying learning success among physical therapists education programs in the USA is 100 % three year pass rates of graduates on the standardized National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE). In this study, we endeavored to determine if there was an association between research productivity through artifacts and 100 % three year pass rates on the NPTE. This observational study involved using pre-approved database exploration representing all accredited programs in the USA who graduated physical therapists during 2009, 2010 and 2011. Descriptive variables captured included raw research productivity artifacts such as peer reviewed publications and books, number of professional presentations, number of scholarly submissions, total grant dollars, and numbers of grants submitted. Descriptive statistics and comparisons (using chi square and t-tests) among program characteristics and research artifacts were calculated. Univariate logistic regression analyses, with appropriate control variables were used to determine associations between research artifacts and 100 % pass rates. Number of scholarly artifacts submitted, faculty with grants, and grant proposals submitted were significantly higher in programs with 100 % three year pass rates. However, after controlling for program characteristics such as grade point average, diversity percentage of cohort, public/private institution, and number of faculty, there were no significant associations between scholarly artifacts and 100 % three year pass rates. Factors outside of research artifacts are likely better predictors for passing the NPTE.
Digital Compensation of Frequency-Dependent Joint Tx/Rx I/Q Imbalance in OFDM Systems Under High Mobility

Direct conversion orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems suffer from transmit and receive analog processing impairments such as in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance causing inter-carrier interference (ICI) among sub-carriers. Another source of performance-limiting ICI in OFDM systems is Doppler spread due to mobility. However, the nature of ICI due to each of them is quite different. Unlike previous work which considered these two impairments separately, we develop a unified mathematical framework to characterize, estimate, and jointly mitigate ICI due to I/Q imbalance and high mobility. Based on our general model, we derive a closed-form expression for the degradation in signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) due to the impairments. Moreover, we exploit the special ICI structure to design efficient OFDM channel estimation and digital baseband compensation schemes for joint transmit/receive frequency-independent (FI) and frequency-dependent (FD) I/Q imbalances under high-mobility conditions.
Theoretical and experimental study of radiation pressure-induced mechanical oscillations (parametric instability) in optical microcavities

Radiation pressure can couple the mechanical modes of an optical cavity structure to its optical modes, leading to parametric oscillation instability. This regime is characterized by regenerative oscillation of the mechanical cavity eigenmodes. Here, we present the first observation of this effect with a detailed theoretical and experimental analysis of these oscillations in ultra-high-Q microtoroids. Embodied within a microscale, chip-based device, this mechanism can benefit both research into macroscale quantum mechanical phenomena and improve the understanding of the mechanism within the context of laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO). It also suggests that new technologies are possible that will leverage the phenomenon within photonics.
A quasi-chemical treatment of interstitial solid solutions: It application to carbon austenite

Abstract A first order quasi-chemical treatment of binary interstitial solid solutions has been given. The enumeration of the nearest neighbor pairs is simplified by only considering those pairs whose number depends on the atomic configuration of the solution. Simple expressions have been derived for the partial Gibbs free energy and thermodynamic activity of an interstitial solute atom in terms of the pairwise interaction energy between two nearest neighbor solute atoms. It is shown that the equations yield the appropriate results in the limits when the binding energy between solute pairs becomes zero or infinite. Finally the equations are shown to be compatible with the known activity of carbon in austenite and a computer fitting technique has been used to derive the value of the solute-solute binding energy concomitant with the closest fit of the experimental data fo the theoretical activity equation.
New N3S Donor Ligand Small Peptide Analogues of the N-Mercaptoacetyl-glycylglycylglycine Ligand in the Clinically Used Tc-99m Renal Imaging Agent: Evidence for Unusual Amide Oxygen Coordination by Two New Ligands

Three new X-ray structurally characterized Re(V)O complexes, ReO(MEG3H2) (10), ReClO(MAEG2H3) (11), and {ReO(MECG2H2)}2 (12), were prepared from protected forms of three new ligands, mercaptoethyl-glycylglycylglycine (MEG3H5), mercaptoacetamide-ethyl-glycylglycine (MAEG2H5), and mercaptoethyl-carbamoylmethyl-glycylglycine (MECG2H5). (Subscript on H indicates the number of dissociable protons.) Mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3H5) is the ligand precursor for the clinically used Tc-99m renal imaging agent. The new potentially N3S donor ligands have a glycylglycine carboxyl end as in MAG3H5, but a secondary amine (sp3 N) replaces one amide (sp2 N) of MAG3H5. ReO(MEG3H2) (10) is a typical five-coordinate pseudo-square-pyramidal complex with the oxo ligand at the apex and the trianionic form of MEG3H5 coordinated in the basal plane via N3S. In the other complexes, the quadridentate ligand has N2OS ligation, with the carbonyl oxygen of the glycyl amide group coordinated trans to the oxo ligand. This unusual ligati...
The Revised Commitment Inventory: Psychometrics and Use With Unmarried Couples

The Commitment Inventory (Stanley & Markman, 1992) measures interpersonal commitment (dedication) and constraint commitment. Since it was first published, substantial revisions have been made, but there are no published data on the psychometric properties of the new version. Further, little information is available on measuring commitment for unmarried couples. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Commitment Inventory in 320 premarital or cohabiting couples (N = 640). Dyadic confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the hypothesized factor structure of six constraint subscales and one dedication subscale fit the data well for both men and women. Internal consistency coefficients were within acceptable range for most subscales. Within-couple correlations as well as correlations among subscales and with relationship quality, negative communication, and religiosity are presented. Implications for future research are discussed.
Secure Software Architecture, Design, Implementation and Assurance

The secure software architecture, design, implementation and assurance minitrack focuses on the research and automation required to develop secure software systems that do not compromise other system properties such as performance and reliability. The goal of this minitrack is to facilitate a dialogue between software security researchers and practitioners so that software security research can be guided by practical requirements and research techniques can be more quickly transitioned to practice
Dynamic Cellular Adhesion Mediated by Copolymeric Nanofilm Substrates.

Amphiphilic block copolymers are finding increased potential in biological and medical research due to their innate alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks/segments that can be used to packa...
Neoglycosylation and neoglycorandomization: enabling tools for the discovery of novel glycosylated bioactive probes and early stage leads

This review focuses upon the development, scope, and utility of the highly versatile chemoselective alkoxyamine-based ‘neoglycosylation’ reaction first described by Peri and Dumy. The fundamentals of neoglycosylation and the subsequent development of a ‘neoglycorandomization’ platform to afford differentially-glycosylated libraries of plant-based natural products, microbial-based natural products, and small molecule-based drugs for drug discovery applications are discussed.
Creative economics for a creative world: a comment

Critics of mainstream economics often argue that the mainstream does not recognize that the economy is dynamic, creative and evolving, and they base their criticism of it for its failure to recognize that. This paper argues that the mainstream does recognize that the economy is evolving, and changes its methods as new analytic technologies and computational methods develop. The paper suggests that a narrower critique of the mainstream is appropriate: It attempts to be too scientific, following a scientific rather than an engineering methodology. Thinking of applied economic policy as engineering, not science opens up new avenues of research, and will allow it be better deal with our complex world.
Time-Window Sequential Analysis: An Introduction for Pediatric Psychologists

Objective Pediatric psychologists are often interested in interactions among individuals (e.g., doctors and patients, parents and children). Most research examining the nature of these interactions has used correlational analyses. Sequential analysis provides greater detail on contingencies during interactions and the way that interactions play out over time. The purpose of this article is to offer a non-technical introduction to sequential analyses for pediatric psychologists. Methods A more recent derivation of the basic method, called time-window sequential analysis, is introduced and distinguished from other forms of sequential analysis. Results A step-by-step pediatric psychology example of time-window sequential analysis is provided and the integration of sequential analysis with traditional statistical methods is discussed. An example of physician–child interaction during anesthesia induction is used to illustrate the technique. Conclusion Sequential analysis is a technique that is useful to pediatric psychologists who are interested in contingencies among data collected over time.