cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Linked scientometrics: designing interactive scientometrics with linked data and semantic web reasoning

In this demo paper we introduce a Linked Data-driven, Semantically-enabled Journal Portal (SEJP) that offers a variety of interactive scientometrics modules. SEJP allows editors, reviewers, authors, and readers to explore and analyze (meta)data published by a journal. Besides Linked Data created from the journal's internal data, SEJP also links out to other sources and includes them to develop more powerful modules. These modules range from simple descriptive statistics, over the spatial analysis of visitors and authors, to topic trending modules. While SEJP will be available for multiple journals, this paper shows its deployment to the Semantic Web journal by IOS Press. Due to its open & transparent review process, SWJ offers a wide variety of additional information, e.g., about reviewers, editors, paper decisions, and so forth.
Older women take shorter steps during backwards walking and obstacle crossing.

Abstract Background Community ambulation requires the ability to adapt walking patterns to task demands. For example, complex walking tasks, such as obstacle crossing (OBS) and backwards walking (BW), require modification of gait kinematics to complete the task, maintain stability and prevent falling. More women than men fall each year, but few studies have investigated gender differences in performance of adaptive walking tasks. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine gender differences in two common adaptive tasks. Methods Walking performance was assessed from 54 age and gender matched participants (72 ± 5 yrs.) while they completed forward walking (FW), OBS and BW. Gait outcomes and the distance of the lead foot and the trail foot from the obstacle were normalized by leg length and assessed using multivariate analysis of variance. Additionally, performance in a battery of clinical physical and cognitive measures as well as self-reported activity levels were associated with adaptive gait behavior. Results Gait speed and step width were not different between genders in any walking task. Compared to FW and OBS, women only decreased step length in BW, resulting in significantly shorter step lengths than men in OBS (p = 0.02) and BW (p = 0.04), a conservative walking strategy. Women crossed the obstacle in a manner that may limit recovery steps in case of a trip: stepping closer to the obstacle during approach without increasing trail toe-clearance. The Timed Up and Go mobility test, Short Physical Performance Battery, and Trail Making Test of processing speed and executive function were associated with gender differences in adaptive gait patterns. Conclusion The findings revealed that older adult women adapt walking in a way that might predispose them to tripping or falling (i.e. shorter steps and closer obstacle approach). Gender differences in adaptive walking are related to functional test performance and processing speed. Clinicians should consider targeting step length during adaptive walking tasks in women that may be at risk of mobility impairments.
Medicaid Utilization Before and After a Natural Disaster in the 2016 Baton Rouge-Area Flood.

Objectives. To understand changes in behavioral health services utilization and expenditures before and after natural disaster with an adult Medicaid population affected by the Baton Rouge, Louisia...
Attacks on Electricity Markets

In this work we analyze how an adversary (who participates in the electricity market) can manipulate the bids of other agents to change the market’s equilibrium. Here the adversary attempts to profit without damaging the system. We formulate the adversary’s goal as the solution of a biased efficiency metric and identify the precise attack that maximize the adversary’s objective function. We propose a defense scheme that modifies the bids to mitigate the impact of the attack. We validate the results simulating a detailed electric distribution system equipped with a transactive energy market using GridLAB-D.
Star catalog position and proper motion corrections in asteroid astrometry II: The Gaia era

Abstract Astrometric positions of moving objects in the Solar System have been measured using a variety of star catalogs in the past. Previous work has shown that systematic errors in star catalogs can affect the accuracy of astrometric observations. That, in turn, can influence the resulting orbit fits for minor planets. In order to quantify these systematic errors, we compare the positions and proper motion of stellar sources in the most utilized star catalogs to the second release of the Gaia star catalog. The accuracy of Gaia astrometry allows us to unambiguously identify local biases and derive a scheme that can be used to correct past astrometric observations of solar system objects. Here, we provide substantially improved debiasing tables for 26 astrometric catalogs that were extensively used in minor planet astrometry. Revised corrections near the galactic center eliminate artifacts that could be traced back to reference catalogs used in previous debiasing schemes. Median differences in stellar positions between catalogs now tend to be on the order of several tens of milliarcseconds (mas) but can be as large as 175 mas. Median stellar proper motion corrections scatter around 0.3 mas/yr and range from 1to 4 mas/yr for star catalogs with and without proper motion, respectively. The tables presented in this work contain a posteriori corrections meant to improve orbit fits based on optical observations that were measured against astrometric catalogs other than Gaia. However, astrometrists are strongly encouraged to make use of the most recent Gaia astrometric catalog when submitting new observations. Since previous debiasing schemes already reduced systematics in past observations to a large extent, corrections beyond the current work may not be needed in the foreseeable future.
Infrasound generated by the 2016–2017 shallow submarine eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska

The 2016–2017 shallow submarine eruption of Bogoslof volcano produced numerous infrasound signals over 9 months that were recorded on six Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) arrays at ranges of 59 to over 800 km from the volcano. The lack of geophysical monitoring near Bogoslof and the repeated production of volcanic clouds to flight levels made monitoring by remote infrasound critical during the eruption; for the first time, AVO relied extensively on automated infrasound detections from regional arrays to dispatch timely notifications of the ongoing activity. Most of the 70 eruptive events were detected on at least one array, but no array detected all of the events mainly because atmospheric conditions were highly variable during the eruption. Acoustic propagation modeling helps explain some of the variation in array detections but also highlights limitations in regional propagation models. To our knowledge, this is the first example of well-recorded infrasound from an explosive eruption occurring in shallow seawater, providing extensive insights into eruption dynamics in this unique environment. The dominance of low-frequency infrasound (0.1–1 Hz) is attributed to eruptions occurring beneath tens of meters of seawater. Higher-frequency infrasound signals were mostly limited to eruptions where the vent was isolated from major interaction with seawater or in several cases where a lava dome grew above sea level.
The use of stereotactic radiotherapy boost to improve local control in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)

6056 Background: To determine the long term outcomes and delayed side effects in patients receiving stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) as a boost following external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for locall...
Improvement of Electronic Health Record Integrated Transition Planning Tools in Primary Care

Introduction The transition from pediatric to adult care is under-studied in primary care. Electronic health record-integrated transition planning tools (ETPTs) can facilitate the transition. We tested whether ETPTs and clinician reminders increase the frequency of transition discussions during adolescent well-visits. Methods In an academic adolescent medicine primary care practice serving a predominantly African American, Medicaid-insured population, we developed 4 ETPTs-readiness assessment, plan template, information handout, and diagnosis code. We used Plan-Do-Study-Act quality improvement cycles to implement ETPTs and measure outcomes. Each cycle added a new layer of clinician support: (1) ETPT training, (2) visual reminders, (3) incentives, and (4) daily reminders. The primary outcome was the proportion of well-visits in which "any ETPT use" occurred. We collected data via chart review and used run charts and regression analyses with multiple comparisons to detect differences between cycles. Clinicians-provided feedback was elicited. Results Any ETPT use increased from 0% to 45% between baseline and cycle 4. The odds of any ETPT use was ten times larger in cycle 4 compared to cycle 1 (odds ratio 10.09, 95% confidence interval 2.29-44.44, P = 0.002) and 22 times larger in cycle 4 than cycle 2 (odds ratio 21.99, 95% confidence interval 3.96-122.00, P < 0.001). Clinicians identified time constraints and lack of sociocultural relevance as barriers to uptake. Conclusions Daily reminders combined with training and visual reminders were effective in increasing the use of ETPTs in primary care. Future interventions should adapt existing transition tools to the needs of target populations and create regular reminders to facilitate uptake.
Real-time monitoring of trap dynamics reveals the electronic states that limit charge transport in crystalline organic semiconductors

Organic semiconductors (OSCs) have the potential to become ubiquitous in our lives as part of various optoelectronic devices given their low-cost processing, light weight, and the opportunities that they offer for designing new materials with “on demand” properties. Many OSCs have achieved remarkable performances, however, a complete understanding of the fundamental processes that govern their properties is still lacking. One such process is charge carrier trapping, a phenomenon that profoundly impacts the performance and stability of devices. Here we report on a comprehensive study on the physics of traps resulting from microstructure changes by monitoring the generation/annihilation of traps in 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene (diF-TES ADT), a high-mobility small molecule OSC. The variations in charge carrier mobility measured in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) deliberately exposed to solvent vapor are correlated with the density and energetic distribution of the electronic states in the band gap of the OSC in all intermediate states of the microstructural transformations. Given the strong dependence of the electrical properties on the film microstructure, such information is instrumental in identifying performance-limiting processes in devices and subsequently guiding material processing to achieve intrinsic limits. The discovery of defect-tolerant intermediate crystalline motifs may provide new pathways for fabricating stable, high-performance devices for next-generation low-cost electronics.
Private well water testing promotion in pediatric preventive care: A randomized intervention study.

Abstract Over 43 million U.S. residents rely on private unregulated wells for their drinking water, raising public health concerns, particularly in regions like northern New England where widespread groundwater arsenic contamination is now recognized. Children are particularly vulnerable to adverse health effects from arsenic exposure. Despite AAP Guidelines, approaches to engage pediatric clinicians in promoting private well testing have not been previously described. We sought to determine the most effective practice approaches to achieve successful well water testing in routine pediatric care. 12 primary care clinics were block randomized to one of four study arms. Two intervention variables were assessed: (1) test results access (parent only vs. parent and clinic) and (2) follow up approaches (yes/no). Parents of children under 12 months using a private well were eligible. Prepaid water tests were provided. Primary outcome was parental water test completion. Eleven clinics successfully implemented processes identifying well users. 240 testing kits were dispensed. Completion rates averaged 29% (range 10 to 61%). The study arm with both clinic results access and staff follow up system was 2.3 times more likely to achieve test completion than other arms (95% CI 1.12–4.86, p = .03). Kit distribution by clinicians versus nursing staff, irrespective of study arm, had 2.4 times greater completion (95% CI 1.13–5.11, p = .02). Systematic drinking water source screening can be improved in pediatric care. Higher testing completion was found in practices randomized to reminders and structured follow up versus single visit discussion, but clinician involvement was the most predictive factor.
Precise Control of Nanoscale Cu Etching via Gas-Phase Oxidation and Chemical Complexation

We present a cyclic process for selective and anisotropic atomic layer etching of copper: an oxygen plasma modulates the depth and directionality of the oxidized layer, while formic acid vapor sele...
Molecular Mechanism of Thermal Dry Etching of Iron in a Two-Step Atomic Layer Etching Process: Chlorination Followed by Exposure to Acetylacetone

Controlling thickness and morphology of transition-metal thin films used in magnetic random-access memory fabrication is a major challenge. Thermal dry etching has emerged as a method of choice for...
All-optical Quantum State Engineering for Rotation-symmetric Bosonic States

Continuous-variable quantum information processing through quantum optics offers a promising platform for building the next generation of scalable fault-tolerant information processors. To achieve quantum computational advantages and fault tolerance, non-Gaussian resources are essential. In this work, we propose and analyze a method to generate a variety of non-Gaussian states using coherent photon subtraction from a two-mode squeezed state followed by photon-number-resolving measurements. The proposed method offers a promising way to generate rotation-symmetric states conventionally used for quantum error correction with binomial codes and truncated Schrodinger cat codes. We consider the deleterious effects of experimental imperfections such as detection inefficiencies and losses in the state engineering protocol. Our method can be readily implemented with current quantum photonic technologies.
3D integrated high gain rectenna in package with metamaterial superstrates for high efficiency wireless power transfer applications

This paper first presents a 3D integrated high gain rectenna in package with metamaterial (MTM) superstrates for a high efficiency wireless power transfer (WPT) application which operates at 2.45 GHz. The integrated rectenna is composed of 3 layers where the first layer is an MTM superstrate consisting of 4 by 4 MTM unit cells (the size of the unit cell: $\mathrm{27.5}\times \mathrm{27.5}\ \text{mm}^{\mathrm{2}}$ ), the second layer a patch antenna ( $\mathrm{36.1}\times \mathrm{27.9}\ \text{mm}^{2}$ ), and the third layer a rectifier ( $\mathrm{54.2}\times \mathrm{16.3}\ \text{mm}^{\mathrm{2}}$ ). By integrating the MTM superstrate on top of the patch antenna, the gain of the antenna is enhanced due to its focusing capability, resulting in the increase of incident RF power at the rectifier input thereby inducing high output DC power and high end-to-end efficiency. A prototype 3D integrated rectenna is designed, fabricated and characterized. It shows a gain improvement of 5.8 dB compared to a counterpart patch antenna without an MTM superstrate, and a maximum RF-DC conversion efficiency of 63.5% at an input RF power of 10.5 dBm. This results in the improvement of the RF-DC efficiency from 56.8% to 63.5% and the increase of the output DC power from 1.6 mW to 6.35 mW (a factor of 3.97 improvements).
Global Stabilization with Almost Disturbance Decoupling of a Class of Nonlinear Uncertain Systems using Output Feedback

In this paper we study global stabilization of a class of nonlinear uncertain systems while decoupling the output from external disturbances to any specified degree of accuracy. The nominal systems are assumed to be smooth, have a certain strong relative degree and are of minimum phase. Model uncertainties are dealt with either by restricting them to be structured or/and by treating a family of plants P. Both state and output feedback control laws are developed.
Coordinated DNA replication by the bacteriophage T4 replisome

The T4 bacteriophage encodes eight proteins, which are sufficient to carry out coordinated leading and lagging strand DNA synthesis. These purified proteins have been used to reconstitute DNA synthesis in vitro and are a well-characterized model system. Recent work on the T4 replisome has yielded more detailed insight into the dynamics and coordination of proteins at the replication fork. Since the leading and lagging strands are synthesized in opposite directions, coordination of DNA synthesis as well as priming and unwinding is accomplished by several protein complexes. These protein complexes serve to link catalytic activities and physically tether proteins to the replication fork. Essential to both leading and lagging strand synthesis is the formation of a holoenzyme complex composed of the polymerase and a processivity clamp. The two holoenzymes form a dimer allowing the lagging strand polymerase to be retained within the replisome after completion of each Okazaki fragment. The helicase and primase also form a complex known as the primosome, which unwinds the duplex DNA while also synthesizing primers on the lagging strand. Future studies will likely focus on defining the orientations and architecture of protein complexes at the replication fork.
Early Load‐Induced Fracturing in a Prograding Carbonate Margin

The description of early non-tectonic fracturing of carbonates is rare because (1) fractures in young carbonates occur in areas not easily accessible, and (2) burial and diagenesis often precludes the determination of the exact timing of (early) fracturing in older rocks. The Bahamas Drilling Project core Clino recovered the upper part of a young prograding platform margin containing a set of fractures interpreted to be non-tectonic; formed by rapid loading of a clinothem package. Three intervals with open and partially infilled fractures were recovered in Clino, and those fractures are closely related to the lithologic variation in the slope sediments. Fracturing occurred specifically within coarse, well-cemented skeletal deposits. These coarser deposits are generally margin-derived sediments within the background sediment. The overlying and underlying finer-grained sediments are significantly less fractured. The fractures occur within a 45 m thick interval immediately below a surface of non-deposition or erosion with a hiatus of >0.5 my. Our model suggests that early cementation of the skeletal sands, followed by rapid margin progradation, provided significant load to generate brittle fracturing (shear and extensional) in lithified strata. Laboratory deformation experiments, magnetic fracture-plane orientation and the timing of load emplacement are consistent with load-induced fracturing. Fracture planes preferentially dip westward which is parallel to the depositional slope. Similar early fracture porosity can act as high permeability conduits for diagenetic fluids and hydrocarbons in platform margin and slope strata. Introduction Early fracturing of lithified carbonates is a rarely reported phenomenon. Observation of fractures in young carbonates is difficult because such features generally occur in relatively inaccessible near-surface settings. In older rocks, burial and diagenetic history may preclude the identification and the exact timing of fracturing, making it difficult to determine that fracturing occurred early. The Bahamas Drilling Project core Clino recovered, for the first time, a complete section of a
Pathogenesis of Reye's syndrome: A working hypothesis.

The brief history of Reye9s syndrome has been one of progressive familiarity with a deepening mystery. It is possible that the syndrome reflects a variety of etiologically unrelated conditions with similar clinicopathological manifestations. In this view, subclinical defects in ammonia metabolism may constitute a distinct, identifiable group among disorders responsible for encephalopathy with fatty liver. Awareness of the possible role of mutant urea cycle enzymes and deficient substrates in the pathogenesis of this important illness should stimulate investigations of enzyme kinetics and intracellular transport mechanisms which may reveal a spectrum of abnonmalities in ammonia metabolism-and a specific therapy for each.
Regulatory Disequilibrium and Inefficiency: The Case of Interstate Trucking

Economic regulation is characterized as (1) an effort by special interests to influence the allocation of property rights, in (2) a continuous path-dependent spontaneous evolution (as apposed to a static equilibrium), driven by (3) market, political, and bureaucratic entrepreneurship in an ongoing discovery process. The implications of the model are illustrated by an examination of the evolution of regulation in interstate trucking. The model is also used to explain that the Chicago School's political-regulatory efficiency conclusions are incorrect, and that the inefficiencies arising from rent seeking are even greater than the Public Choice approach implies.
Characterization of the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 in cats.

Abstract The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA 2 ) belongs to a family of nutrient-sensing receptors that bind β-hydroxybutyrate, an alternative fuel source produced during a negative energy balance. The HCA 2 receptor has not been identified or characterized in cats. Therefore, the following were the objectives of this study: (1) identify the feline HCA 2 receptor protein sequence and compare against known human and rodent sequences, (2) determine tissue distribution and relative expression in lean, healthy cats, and (3) demonstrate in vitro functionality in feline adipose tissue. Tissues (n = 6) and primary adipocytes (n = 4) were collected from lean, healthy, female cats. The published genomic sequence for cats was used to design primers for polymerase chain reaction isolation of HCA 2 . Relative tissue distribution was evaluated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with RNA isolated from 9 different tissues (spleen, pancreas, lymph node, jejunum, kidney, liver, heart, and subcutaneous and abdominal adipose tissue). Receptor function was evaluated in primary feline adipocyte culture, and changes were compared with basal lipolysis. The in silico predicted feline HCA 2 protein sequence exhibited 83.1% and 86.5% amino acid similarity to human and mouse sequences, respectively. The feline HCA 2 receptor is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue and spleen. Exposure of feline adipocytes to niacin, a pharmacologic ligand of HCA 2 , inhibited lipolysis to a similar degree as insulin, a potent lipolytic inhibitor. In conclusion, the feline HCA 2 receptor is similar to human and murine receptors in sequence, distribution, and functionality. By gaining a better understanding of the HCA 2 receptor in cats, we will be able to better manage feline patients.
Comparison of sonic boom minimization results in real and isothermal atmospheres

The method of Seebass and George (1972, 1974) for minimizing certain features of the pressure signature and yielding the corresponding F function and equivalent area distribution A in an isothermal atmosphere is modified to provide the same capability for a real atmosphere. The appropriate equations of George and Plotkin (1969) describing horizontal advance, ray tube area, and signature propagation are used.
People Matter: Client-Reported Interpersonal Interaction and Its Impact on Symptoms of Schizophrenia

The current emphasis of biological research on schizophrenia has overlooked the importance of the environment in understanding fluctuations in symptoms of this devastating mental illness. One way of reconnecting the individual with his or her environment is by better understanding the subjective experience of the illness and what environmental factors lead to changes in the symptoms of schizophrenia. This study examines the nature of the subjective experience of schizophrenia during two symptom fluctuation episodes, what individuals perceived as the most important symptom fluctuations they experienced during those episodes, and what individuals perceived as causing the fluctuations in symptoms. During both episodes individuals reported primarily mood/affect and physical symptom changes and identified interpersonal interactions as the primary cause of the symptom changes. Mental health professionals should be more aware of and better assess the role of interpersonal interaction as it relates to changes and decompensation in people with schizophrenia.
Tourism development on the Island of Pohnpei (Federated States of Micronesia): sacredness, control and autonomy

Abstract The movement of people, essentially for pleasure, is the salient aspect of tourism. This characteristic makes tourism a profound force for cultural and environmental change. Small islands, by their very nature, lie wholly within the coastal zone. Tourism-related issues associated with development are magnified because of size and isolation; unique environments, species and cultures are tightly interwoven. This paper examines the beginnings of tourism development on one such island—Pohnpei, a volcanic island in the tropical Pacific. Issues are discussed in the context of two extreme alternatives of development: ‘alternative’ or ‘eco’ tourism and mass tourism.
Bronchiolitis obliterans in children

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in children is a relatively rare diagnosis. The increase in lung and bone marrow transplantation in children, however, has led to a heightened interest in BO, as this is one of the important complications of those procedures. This article will discuss BO as an entity that can follow any of several illnesses or toxic exposures, in addition to following allogeneic lung or bone marrow transplantation. The complex and incompletely understood pathology, pathogenesis, and molecular pathology involved in BO remain the subject of ongoing investigations. As the prognosis for BO is uncertain and treatment is often unsuccessful, the continued need for the recognition of surrogate markers for BO in patients at risk and the development of better forms of therapy are paramount. This review will describe our current understanding of BO, and will call attention to those research areas that require continuing efforts in order to prevent or treat this entity.
DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN (DILANTIN) NEUROTOXICITY—A DECEPTIVE SYNDROME

Two patients are reported in whom diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) neurotoxicity developed as a result of inadvertent overdosage. The clinical features indicative of such toxicity are emphasized. Prompt recognition of the condition can forestall permanent sequelae and spare the patient unnecessary or hazardous diagnostic procedures.
Analysis of fatigue failure in D-shaped karabiners

In order to determine the response of aluminum karabiners to cyclic loading, a single type of karabiner (cold forged, D shape, weight 50 g, 7075 aluminum) was cycled to failure under a range of conditions. Deformations were recorded continuously by the testing machine and verified by manual measurement of the karabiner and an uncalibrated strain gauge affixed to the karabiner spine. Internal crack growth was monitored by taking long-exposure X-ray photos of the karabiners near the end of their lifetimes; after failure, the crack surface area was recorded. The load/life (L/N) curve is L C = 85.4 (N C ) –0.25 for the closed-gate condition and L O = 39.3 (N O ) –0.25 for the open-gate condition. Deformation occurs only at loads above 12 kN and all measurable deformation occurs in the first three cycles of loading. Crack growth was never observed before failure; crack size is consistent with expectations but the asymmetrical karabiner geometry makes it difficult to compare this data to standards. These results suggest an L/N curve can be used to characterise karabiner lifetime.
Sensor Installation in Rigid Pavement

This unique approach for installing strain gages in PCC pavement sections in the Ohio SHRP Test Road was very successful. All sensors were installed during construction with no delays to the contractor, and all gages performed well in controlled vehicle tests which followed. After two and one-half years, more than 90% of the gages continue to balance electronically and function properly. Data from these sensors are expected to provide engineers with an in-depth understanding of how PCC pavements respond to traffic loads and environmental factors.
Intracoronary Radiation for Prevention of Restenosis Dose Perturbations Caused by Stents

Background—Intravascular irradiation with β-emitters has been proposed for inhibition of restenosis in coronary arteries after balloon angioplasty or stent implantation. Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of γ-radiation to prevent recurrent restenosis, even in the presence of an implanted stent. The limited range of β-particles compared with γ-radiation, however, opens the question of whether absorption and scattering of β-particles by stent struts will cause significant perturbations in the uniformity and magnitude of the radiation dose, which may in turn compromise treatment. Methods and Results—Nine different stents were deployed with a balloon filled with a β-emitting radioactive liquid. Dose distributions were measured with Gafchromic film. Stents varied significantly in their absorption of β-particles. Some stents, constructed of fine meshed wires, produced minimal dose perturbations. Others, with thicker, high-atomic-number struts, induced cold spots in the dose distribution adjacent to ...
A review of the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment

Abstract This review focused on the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment (BYI) [Beck, J., Beck, A., & Jolly, J. (2001). Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment manual. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation]. The BYI were designed as self-report instruments for assessing maladaptive cognitions and behaviors of children ages 7 to 14. They include inventories measuring anxiety, depression, disruptive behavior, anger, and self-concept. The review evaluated the development, standardization, and norming of the BYI and the evidence of reliability and validity of their scores. Although the BYI achieve many of the goals outlined by their authors, users should be aware that there are a number of limitations or unanswered questions regarding the inventories.
Differences in Growth in Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus and Channel Catfish Z. punctatus Fed Low‐Protein Diets With and Without Supplemental Methionine and/or Lysine

Three feeding experiments were conducted to evaluate growth and body composition in blue caffish Ictalurus furcatus or channel caffish I. punctatus when fed diets containing 22% protein with or without supplemented methionine and/or lysine. All experiments were conducted in 110-L aquaria that were part of a recirculating system. In Experiment 1,15 juvenile blue catfish (2.7 g) were randomly stocked into aquaria and fed one of three diets containing different (22%, 27%, and 32%) percentages of protein. Fish were fed twice daily to excess for 10 wk. In Experiment 2, juvenile blue catfish (5.4 g) were randomly stocked into aquaria and fed one of six diets containing either 22% (diet 1) or 32% (diet 2) protein. The diet containing 22% protein (diet 1) had either 0.3% crystalline L-methionine (diet 3), 0.4% crystalline L-lysine (diet 4), or 0.3% L-methionine + 0.4% L-lysine (diet 5) added. A sixth diet was formulated to contain 32% protein and 0.2% crystalline L-methionine. Fish were fed in excess for 12 wk. In Experiment 3, juvenile channel caffish (10.3 g) were stocked and fed diets 14 from Experiment 2, twice daily in excess for 8 wk. In Experiment 1, after 10 wk, final individual weight, weight gain (%), and specific growth rate (SGR) of blue catfish fed diets containing three protein levels were not significantly different (P > 0.05) and averaged 12.9 g, 378%, and 2.2%/d, respectively. Fish fed the diet containing 27% protein had higher (P 0.05) different among diets and averaged 24.7 g, 355%, and 1.8%/d, respectively. Percentage whole-body protein and lipid were not significantly (P > 0.05) different between fish fed diets containing 22% or 32% protein. In Experiment 3, channel caffish fed a diet containing 32% protein had significantly (P > 0.05) higher final individual weight, weight gain (%), and SGR compared to fish fed diets containing 22% protein, with and without supplemental methionine or lysine. Results indicate that blue catfish may be able to utilize a diet with 22% protein, and that addition of crystalline methionine and/or lysine did not improve growth. However, channel catfish grown in aquaria did not appear to have similar growth when fed a diet containing 22% protein compared to fish fed 32% protein, even when supplemental methionine or lysine was added. Further research on blue catfish and the use of a low-protein diet (22% protein) needs to be conducted in ponds.
Key concepts relevant to quality of complex and shared decision-making in health care: A literature review

High-quality provider-patient decision-making is key to quality care for complex conditions. We performed an analysis of key elements relevant to quality and complex, shared medical decision-making. Based on a search of electronic databases, including Medline and the Cochrane Library, as well as relevant articles' reference lists, reviews of tools, and annotated bibliographies, we developed a list of key concepts and applied them to a decision-making example. Key concepts identified included provider competence, trustworthiness, and cultural competence; communication with patients and families; information quality; patient/surrogate competence; and roles and involvement. We applied this concept list to a case example, shared decision-making for live donor kidney transplantation, and identified the likely most important concepts as provider and cultural competence, information quality, and communication with patients and families. This concept list may be useful for conceptualizing the quality of complex shared decision-making and in guiding research in this area.
Asset Revaluation Regulation with Multiple Information Sources

ABSTRACT: We examine the design of asset revaluation policies in settings where a regulator can mandate fair value disclosure in order to mitigate a lemons problem in the asset resale market. The welfare-maximizing policy generally prescribes fair value certification for the lower asset values and (less costly) historical cost reporting for the higher asset values. The potential for voluntary certification can reduce welfare by increasing equilibrium certification costs and promoting underinvestment in socially valuable projects. Thus, a single regulated source of information (mandated disclosure) can be preferable to two sources of information (mandated and voluntary disclosure).
A Morning-Specific Phytohormone Gene Expression Program underlying Rhythmic Plant Growth

Most organisms use daily light/dark cycles as timing cues to control many essential physiological processes. In plants, growth rates of the embryonic stem (hypocotyl) are maximal at different times of day, depending on external photoperiod and the internal circadian clock. However, the interactions between light signaling, the circadian clock, and growth-promoting hormone pathways in growth control remain poorly understood. At the molecular level, such growth rhythms could be attributed to several different layers of time-specific control such as phasing of transcription, signaling, or protein abundance. To determine the transcriptional component associated with the rhythmic control of growth, we applied temporal analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana seedling transcriptome under multiple growth conditions and mutant backgrounds using DNA microarrays. We show that a group of plant hormone-associated genes are coexpressed at the time of day when hypocotyl growth rate is maximal. This expression correlates with overrepresentation of a cis-acting element (CACATG) in phytohormone gene promoters, which is sufficient to confer the predicted diurnal and circadian expression patterns in vivo. Using circadian clock and light signaling mutants, we show that both internal coincidence of phytohormone signaling capacity and external coincidence with darkness are required to coordinate wild-type growth. From these data, we argue that the circadian clock indirectly controls growth by permissive gating of light-mediated phytohormone transcript levels to the proper time of day. This temporal integration of hormone pathways allows plants to fine tune phytohormone responses for seasonal and shade-appropriate growth regulation.
On the metabolic acidosis of ethylene glycol intoxication.

Abstract Administration of ethylene glycol to pigtail monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) or to dogs produced a severe metabolic acidosis. An assay for glycolic acid was developed and used to show that the decrease in blood bicarbonate concentrations was matched by increased blood glycolate concentrations. Treatment of the monkeys with 4-methylpyrazole prior to administration of ethylene glycol prevented metabolic acidosis. Treatment with 4-methylpyrazole after an acidosis had been produced with ethylene glycol resulted in restoration of normal acid-base balance as blood glycolate concentrations decreased. The contribution of other possible ethylene glycol metabolites to the metabolic acidosis was determined to be negligible.
The appendicular skeleton of Suuwassea emilieae (Sauropoda: Flagellicaudata) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Montana (USA)

Appendicular elements of the sauropod dinosaur Suuwassea emilieae, from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Montana, USA, display a peculiar mix of autapomorphic and plesiomorphic features. While more similar in overall morphology to Apatosaurus than other flagellicaudatans, the coracoid of Suuwassea lacks the quadrangular shape of Apatosaurus. The humerus of Suuwassea bears a pronounced proximal tuberculum, a feature seen elsewhere only in saltasaurine titanosaurian sauropods. The rectangular proximal articular surface of the tibia is proportioned neither like Diplodocus nor Apatosaurus type specimens, although this region may be intraspecifically variable. The pes of Suuwassea possesses plesiomorphically elongate phalanges and a small, uncompressed ungual, unlike other flagellicaudatans except Dyslocosaurus. The localization of tooth marks on the pedal elements suggests that sauropod feet may have been singled out by scavengers, as has been noted for elephants.
Novel approach for tomographic reconstruction of gas concentration distributions in air: Use of smooth basis functions and simulated annealing

Optical remote sensing and iterative computed tomography (CT) can be applied to measure the spatial distribution of gaseous pollutant concentrations. We conducted chamber experiments to test this combination of techniques using an open path Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (OP-FTIR) and a standard algebraic reconstruction technique (ART). Although ART converged to solutions that showed excellent agreement with the measured ray-integral concentrations, the solutions were inconsistent with simultaneously gathered point-sample concentration measurements. A new CT method was developed that combines (1) the superposition of bivariate Gaussians to represent the concentration distribution and (2) a simulated annealing minimization routine to find the parameters of the Gaussian basis functions that result in the best fit to the ray-integral concentration data. This method, named smooth basis function minimization (SBFM), generated reconstructions that agreed well, both qualitatively and quantitatively, with the concentration profiles generated from point sampling. We present an analysis of two sets of experimental data that compares the performance of ART and SBFM. We conclude that SBFM is a superior CT reconstruction method for practical indoor and outdoor air monitoring applications.
Construction and commissioning of the positron accumulator ring for the APS

The injector for the Advanced Photon Source (APS) incorporates a 450-MeV positron accumulator ring (PAR) to accumulate and damp positrons from the 60Hz linac during each cycle of the 2-Hz synchrotron. An overview of PAR hardware is presented. Commissioning of the PAR is well underway using electrons. Studies have produced a modified lattice model using three free parameters that agrees well with measurements. Principle problems are high leakage fields from the septum and ion trapping.
Asia Pride, China Fear, Tokyo Anxiety: Japan Looks Back at Beijing 2008 and Forward to London 2012 and Tokyo 2016

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) bidding process has become a long, expensive, bureaucratically complex process among rival cities. However rather than tracing the narrative of competition for the 2016 Summer Games among the four candidate cities – Tokyo, Chicago, Rio de Janeiro, and Madrid, I emphasize here the embeddedness of the Tokyo 2016 bid in East Asian regional politics and in the more subtle if equally contentious jockeying for global city pre-eminence. There was a contentious debate within Japan about the wisdom of Tokyo's bid, which sharply divided the political leadership and the opinion of its citizens. In 1964, Tokyo's hosting of the Games consolidated its place as the single national political, economic and media capital of the country, reducing Osaka to second-city status. To the controversial Tokyo governor and his supporters, the 2016 bid had much less to do with domestic prominence and much more about international prestige, as an effort to preserve Tokyo's status as a global c...
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Autistic-Like Behaviors in 2-Year-Old Twins

This study aims to explore the genetic and environmental contributions to autistic-like behaviors in a general population sample of toddlers. In a classic twin study of 313 same-sex, 2-year-old twin pairs, autistic-like behaviors were assessed via parent ratings on the pervasive developmental problems subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist and observationally using tester ratings on the orientation/engagement subscale of the Behavior Rating Scale. Analyses show moderate, significant heritabilities for both measures of autistic-like behaviors, as well as modest, but significant shared environmental effects. These genetic and environmental influences overlap greatly between the two measures. Autistic-like behaviors in 2-year-old twins are largely genetic in etiology, but are also influenced by a shared environmental component at this age. This is the first study to examine the etiology of such behaviors in a sample of toddlers, thus providing novel information which could guide future research on genetic and environmental factors that affect these behaviors.
Coeliac disease. VI. A rapid method to test wheat sensitivity.

Summary To teat wheat sensitivity in coeliac patients, gliadin is given orally and the blood glutamine is determined. An increase of more than 50 per cent above the fasting level is indicative of sensitivity to wheat. Maladie cœliaque: VI. Une methode rapide pour rechercher la sensibilite au froment. Pour determiner la sensibilite au froment chez des patients atteints de maladie cœliaque, on donne de la gliadine par voie orale et on dose la glutamine dans le sang. Une augmentation de plus de 50 % au-dessus du taux a jeun indique une sensibilite au froment. Coeliakie. VI. Eine Schnellmethode zur Feststellung von Weizenuberempfindlichkeit. Um Weizenuberempfindlichkeit bei Coeliakie-Patienten zu testen, ist Gliadin per os gegeben und der Gehalt an Blut-Glutamin bestimmt worden. Ein Anstieg auf mehr als 50 %uber den Nuchternwert zeigt eine uberempfindlichkeit gegen Weizen an. Enfermedad celiaca. VI. Metodo rapido para medir la sensibilidad al trigo. Para medir la sensibilidad al trigo en pacientes celiacos se administro gliadina por via oral y se midio el nivel sanguineo de glutamina. Un aumento sobre el 50 % del nivel de ayuno es indicativo de sensibilidad al trigo.
TU‐A‐218‐11: Optimization of Pyroelectric X‐Ray Sources

Purpose: To assess and optimize spectral properties of pyroelectric x‐ray sources for potential imaging and therapy applications. As pyroelectric sources are inherently flux limited, efficient x‐ray production is necessary for practical applications. A Monte Carlo simulation is created for the electron‐photon transport process of an experimental pyroelectric x‐ray source. Electron acceleration energy is determined through spectral fitting between simulation and experimental results. Determined electron energy is used to predict anode composition and thickness resulting in maximum flux in directional and transmission geometries. Methods: A polarized z‐cut lithiumtantalate crystal measuring 1 cm3 was thermally cycled across 140°C in a vacuum of 7×10−3 Torr. Measurements of electron flux and x‐ray spectrum were recorded and averaged for 5 thermal cycles. Simulations for reflection and transmission geometry x‐ray emitters were conducted using EGSnrc Monte Carlo simulation package. Electron energies from 30 to 120 KeV were simulated for electron‐photon conversion using gold,silver, tungsten, molybdenum, and copper targets of various thicknesses. Spectral comparison between simulated models of experimental conditions and recorded experimental spectra was performed using goodness‐of‐fit analysis. Anode target thickness and composition related to maximum x‐ray generation was determined for tested electron target materials. Results: A monoenergetic electron beam at 85 KeV best approximated overall spectral shape of the experimental setup at 0.22% RMS error between the observed and simulated spectrum. For transmission anodes simulated, copper produced the best electron‐photon conversion ratio of 1.02% at 8.5 microns thickness at 100 keV. Likewise, copper significantly outperformed other materials with respect to flux in directional geometry. Conclusions: The complex emission properties of pyroelectric x‐ray source can be accurately approximated using spectral fitting methods. Practical device configuration can be easily modeled using empirical approximations to improve flux and maximum beam energy.
Utility of the buttonhole cannulation method for hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistulas.

Utility of the buttonhole cannulation method for hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistulas
Dental public health strategies and health care reform.

There are significant challenges that need to be met to improve oral health in this country. Even if access to clinical preventive dental services is increased through a national health care plan, substantial improvement in the country's oral health cannot be achieved without support and assistance of public health initiatives. In January 1993, the steering committee for the Core Functions Project, U.S. Public Health Service, issued a report, Health Care Reform and Public Health: Population-Based Core Functions, to address the health care needs and conditions of populations as opposed to the individual health care needs under consideration by the national health care reform initiative. By adapting the report's core functions to the public's oral health, this article lays a foundation for the prevention, protection, and promotion of America's oral health.
A machine learning system for recognizing subclasses

Thematic information extraction from remote sensing images is a complex task. In this demonstration, we present *Miner machine learning system. In particular, we demonstrate an advanced subclass recognition algorithm that is specifically designed to extract finer classes from aggregate classes.