cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cutting Forces in Machining and Their Routine Measurement with Multi-Component Piezo-Electric Force Transducers

Knowledge of actual cutting forces in machining is becoming of paramount importance to both designers and users of machine tools, because optimum machine performance, tool selection, tool life, cutting-edge geometry, combination of tool and material to be machined, accuracy and so on are closely related to the resulting cutting forces. Transducers and platforms for measuring forces in 1, 2 or 3 components and/or torques have been developed and are described here. Quartz is used as the piezo-electric transducer material because it provides extremely high rigidity and excellent dynamic response as well as minimal cross-talk between components. In contrast to other measuring systems, such platforms equal or exceed usual tool holders in terms of rigidity, thus permitting realistic, precise measurements. Practical aspects such as cross-talk between components, frequency response, measuring and recording techniques are discussed and the possibilities of adaptive control by directly mounting transducers into machine tools outlined.
Neglect of Differential Overlap Valence Bond Theory of Stereoselection

HVB theory represents the crudest form of VB theory. Nonetheless, because of the pictorial aspects of VB theory, HVB theory leads one to anticipate exactly how inclusion of classical terms which are neglected at this level of theory will modify the conclusions reached on the basis of HVB theory. Now, the performance of a complete VB analysis of a given problem is quite a cumbersome task made more undesirable by the fact that we seek “qualitative” rather than “quantitative” answers. Thus, we must identify an approximate form of VB theory which makes simple computations possible without serious loss of detail. Two candidates that come immediately to mind are the EHVB and NDO-VB theories.
Cooperative Swarm Optimization: A teamwork-based approach to reduction of uncertainty

We describe a new metaheuristic, called cooperative swarm optimization (CSO), which manages the efficient use of a group of unmanned agents performing cooperative operations. In this work we are concerned with the problem of group exploration of an uncertain environment. The CSO algorithm was developed to perform this exploration with limited inter-agent coordination and no central oversight. CSO is a swarm search algorithm that uses the mechanics of velocity to move each agent about the information space. In this way, CSO is similar to particle swarm optimization (PSO) however, CSO differs from PSO in how information is used from other agents and how the information is combined. In particular, the individual agent velocity is affected by the current agent information, the personal history of the agent, and the group's information and is weighted based on the entropy rate of change of the information space, allowing each agent to take into account the dynamic nature of the information space. New information is weighted highest, followed by changes to currently known information. Information that does not change is rated lowest. We illustrate the derivation of the algorithm and show numerical examples to demonstrate its effectiveness for use in cooperative unmanned underwater vehicle missions.
Sequential Prediction of Literacy Achievement for Specific Learning Disabilities Contrasting in Impaired Levels of Language in Grades 4 to 9

Sequential regression was used to evaluate whether language-related working memory components uniquely predict reading and writing achievement beyond cognitive-linguistic translation for students in Grades 4 through 9 ( N = 103) with specific learning disabilities (SLDs) in subword handwriting (dysgraphia, n = 25), word reading and spelling (dyslexia, n = 60), or oral and written language (oral and written language learning disabilities, n = 18). That is, SLDs are defined on the basis of cascading level of language impairment (subword, word, and syntax/text). A five-block regression model sequentially predicted literacy achievement from cognitive-linguistic translation (Block 1); working memory components for word-form coding (Block 2), phonological and orthographic loops (Block 3), and supervisory focused or switching attention (Block 4); and SLD groups (Block 5). Results showed that cognitive-linguistic translation explained an average of 27% and 15% of the variance in reading and writing achievement, respectively, but working memory components explained an additional 39% and 27% of variance. Orthographic word-form coding uniquely predicted nearly every measure, whereas attention switching uniquely predicted only reading. Finally, differences in reading and writing persisted between dyslexia and dysgraphia, with dysgraphia higher, even after controlling for Block 1 to 4 predictors. Differences in literacy achievement between students with dyslexia and oral and written language learning disabilities were largely explained by the Block 1 predictors. Applications to identifying and teaching students with these SLDs are discussed.
Collaborative study of modified AOAC method of analysis for nitrite in meat and meat products

A modified version of the AOAC method of analysis for nitrite in meat and meat products was tested collaboratively by 23 laboratories. Results were compared with those obtained by the official AOAC method. Recommended modifications include: (a) substitution of N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine and sulfanilamide for Griess reagent, (b) separate addition and 1:10 dilution of the above reagents, (c) 20 min color development and absorbance read at 540 nm, (d) substitutionstitution of NaNO2 for AgNO2 and NaCL, (e) omission of mercuric chloride, (f) screening of filter paper for nitrite contamination, (g) more precise dilution of sample aliquot, and (h) standard curve linear up to 10 microng N/50 ml. Results were statistically treated by Youden's technique for comparing 2 methods, using a matched pair sample scheme. The random error for the modified method was significantly lower than the random error for the official method. A t-test showed no difference in bias between the 2 methods.
Drug screening to target nuclear orphan receptor NR4A2 for cancer therapeutics.

Background: Our previous study suggested NR4A2, a subfamily member of orphan nuclear receptors, is essential for survival of human cancer cells such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). Methods: We conducted high throughput drug screening for NR4A2 inhibitors as a novel therapeutic modality. Positive screening was performed using a luciferase reporter vector containing NR4A2 binding sequence, and a CRE-reporter control vector was used to eliminate false positives. In vitro assays for positive hits were conducted. Results: A total of 23 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and 43 Life Science Library compounds were identified, including several epidermal growth factor inhibitors and Src inhibitors. Subsequent in vitro assays confirmed that identified compounds were preferentially active in NR4A2+ cancer cells. Several candidate compounds appeared to suppress NR4A2 via inhibition of p-ERK, whereas a novel compound KU0171309 may act as a more direct inhibitor. Conclusions: Further research should focus on homologue selectivity, in vivo activity, and definitively deciphering the mechanism of action of KU0171309.
Surface carrier concentration effect on elastic modulus of piezoelectric MEMS silicon cantilevers

This paper provides experimental observation of the variation of the silicon elastic modulus with changing near surface carrier concentration. A piezoresistive MEMS cantilever is used that can simultaneously detect resistance and resonant frequency to probe the correlation between the electrical and mechanical properties of silicon under UV irradiation. Since both resistance and resonant frequency are sensitive to UV's thermal power, an identically processed reference device is used to separate optical effects from thermal effects and other environmental changes. Theory shows that charge carrier generation near the Si surface modifies the elastic modulus in agreement with our observed data.
A Descriptive Examination of Nonmedical Fentanyl Use in the United States: Characteristics of Use, Motives, and Consequences:

Little is currently known about nonmedical fentanyl use (NFU; that is, use of illicit or pharmaceutically produced fentanyl without a prescription or in ways other than prescribed) despite increase...
Recent Trends in Oral Anticoagulant Use and Post-Discharge Complications Among Atrial Fibrillation Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).The CHA2DS2VAScand CHADS2risk scoresare used to identifypatients with AF at risk for strokeand to guide oral anticoagulants (OAC) use, including patients with AMI. However, the epidemiology of AF, further stratifiedaccording to patients' risk of stroke, has not been wellcharacterized among those hospitalized for AMI. Methods We examined trends in the frequency of AF, rates of discharge OAC use, and post-discharge outcomes among 6,627 residents of the Worcester, Massachusetts area who survived hospitalization for AMI at 11 medical centers between 1997 and 2011. Results A total of 1,050AMI patients had AF (16%) andthe majority (91%)had a CHA2DS2VAScscore >2.AF rates were highest among patients in the highest stroke risk group.In comparison to patients without AF, patients with AMI and AF in the highest stroke risk category had higher rates of post-discharge complications, including higher 30-day re-hospitalization [27 % vs. 17 %], 30-day post-discharge death [10 % vs. 5%], and 1-year post-discharge death [46 % vs. 18 %] (p < 0.001 for all). Notably, fewerthan half of guideline-eligible AF patientsreceived an OACprescription at discharge. Usage rates for other evidence-based therapiessuch as statins and beta-blockers,lagged in comparison to AMI patients free from AF. Conclusions Our findings highlight the need to enhance efforts towards stroke prevention among AMI survivors with AF.
Genetic analysis of Leishmania mexicana populations from Texas, latin america, and the caribbean

A genetic analysis using enzyme data of 72 Leishmania mexicana isolated from hosts in Texas, Latin America, and the Caribbean is presented. All isolates from each country were combined and considered as local populations. Allomorph (allele determined by electrophoresis) frequencies for 20 enzyme (loci) were calculated and 7 populations (Texas, Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Ecuador [EC], Venezuela, and the Dominican Republic [DR]) were compared pairwise in the statistic of genetic identity (I) (level of genetic similarity). All populations were found to be genetically similar with a mean I value for all comparisons of 0.890 +/- 0.067. When DR was included as one of the pair compared, I = 0.811 +/- 0.034. Among comparisons that include EC (excluding EC vs. DR), I = 0.875 +/- 0.026. The mean I for the other comparisons was less than 0.9. The data indicate that the DR population is divergent enough from the others that it can be considered at the subspecies/incipient species level of evolutionary divergence; the EC population is, to a lesser extent, distinct from the others, and the other 5 represent geographic populations of 1 widely distributed species. A diagrammatic representation of the allomorphs among the 72 isolates is included. There were some allomorph/geographical (or local) population relationships noted.
Physical basis of qualitative MO arguments in organic photochemistry

Much of organic photochemistry in solution can be understood qualitatively within the Born-Oppenheimer framework by appeal to calculations or to simple arguments directly concerning the energy of the S1, T1, and S0 states and its variation with changes in nuclear geometry, particularly the location of minima and barriers. Other arguments, such as distribution of electron spin, need for continuous electron redistribution, for conservation of orbital symmetry, etc., are secondary, but can be useful if they provide a simple guide for the crux of the matter, namely for the shapes of the energy hypersurfaces.
Comparison of Reconfiguration Schemes for Defect Tolerant Mesh Arrays

A large number of reconfiguration schemes have been presented for defect tolerant mesh arrays. Here a number of such schemes will be compared. Area and speed based measures are presented, along with a summary of the methods required to estimate area overhead, processor utilization, yield and speed.
Linking Structural Capabilities and Workplace Climate in Community Health Centers

Many strategies to improve health care quality focus on improving the structural capabilities of primary care practices, including quality infrastructure and registry use, which are critical to managing chronic diseases. However, improving structural capabilities requires practices to expend significant resources and can be especially disruptive to community health centers (CHCs) serving high proportions of socioeconomically vulnerable patients. We explore the relationship between the structural capabilities and workplace climate in CHCs. The final sample for this analysis includes 25 CHC sites that could be matched across CHC site director surveys of structural capabilities and CHC adult primary care clinicians and staff (n = 446). To estimate the association between structural capabilities and dimensions of workplace climate, we estimated multivariate linear regression models that included the climate scales as dependent variables and the 5 structural capability scales as the main independent variables, with the 3 clinic-level and 2 staff-level covariates. More manageable clinic workload was associated with lower electronic record functionality (β = -0.47, P = .007), but positively associated with quality infrastructure (β = 0.92, P = .007). Staff relationships and quality improvement orientation were positively associated with quality infrastructure (β = 1.09, P = .006 and β = 0.87, P = .005). Manager readiness was associated with more robust quality infrastructure (β = 1.35, P = .016), but lower electronic record functionality (β = -0.48, P = .015) and less proactive patient outreach (β = -1.32, P = .025). Complex relationships between structural capabilities and workplace climate were found in CHCs. Further clarification of these complex connections may enable policy makers and practitioners to design and implement nuanced strategies to improve quality of care in CHCs.
The Factors Associated with Blood Pressure Control after Discharge for Stroke (P04.081)

OBJECTIVE: We assessed blood pressure self-management data from patients enrolled in a transition coaching program which provided individualized education at discharge, and post-discharge appointment reminders. BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for secondary stroke prevention yet few studies address blood pressure control after a stroke or TIA. DESIGN/METHODS: 93 patients were enrolled in the TRAnsition Coaching for Stroke program from 9/2011-5/2012. Sociodemographic, clinical, and stroke-related data were collected before discharge. Post-discharge blood pressures were measured at clinic appointments. Participants were contacted after discharge using a script that screens for readmission risk, including questions related to blood pressure self-management. RESULTS: Of 93 participants (mean age 63.9, 54.8% women, 29% non-white), 68.8% had ischemic stroke, 10.8% hemorrhagic stroke, and 19.4% TIA. Patients were categorized into 2 groups, those with adequate blood pressure control at follow up (SBP 140 28 or 32.9%). There was no significant difference between groups in gender, race, or age. However, those without insurance (88.2% vs 61.5% with insurance; p=0.037), less than high school education (76.5% vs 50%; 0.017), and those without diabetes (75% vs 51.75; p=0.030) were more likely to have blood pressure controlled. There were 57 patients contacted by telephone after discharge with 38 (66.7%) measuring their blood pressures at home between clinic visits. There was no difference in patients who measured pressures based on age, race, gender, education, health literacy, stroke type, risk factors, or co-morbid conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Although the results of this analysis was unexpected, those with no higher than high school education and without insurance might have better blood pressure control because of the individualized coaching they received without barriers to access. Lack of comparisons with patients outside of the program limits the generalizability of these results. Disclosure: Dr. Bradbury has nothing to disclose. Dr. Myers has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sides has nothing to disclose. Dr. Arnan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bushnell has received research support from Genentech.
Narrating loss, anxiety and hope: Immigrant youth׳s narratives of belonging and citizenship

Abstract The article offers insights into the cultural, historical and political discourses that shape displaced Bhutanese-Nepali youth׳s reading of what citizenship is and what citizenship can be. The article argues for the need to recognize how displaced communities desire to reclaim legal and cultural citizenship in response to the oppressions they have encountered. The article explores the politics that have produced refugee subjects and how displaced communities interpret the meaning of citizenship in response to the anti-immigrant and anti-refugee climate in the United States (and in the world). The research similarly documents how citizenship narratives can speak of anxiety and loss that communities have experienced and how youth resist interpretations of citizenship that privilege national affiliations. The research advocates that social studies researchers engage with how displaced communities conceptualize citizenship in relation to their experiences and histories of displacement. The article also calls for the need to recognize how transnational and cultural aspect of citizenship shapes marginalized people׳s everyday experiences.
Students׳ use of data visualizations in historical reasoning: A think-aloud investigation with elementary, middle, and high school students

Abstract Data literacy – the ability to analyze, interpret, evaluate, and use data and data visualizations – has become increasingly important for understanding and communicating information in the discipline of history. In the United States, curricular standards and standardized assessments already reflect this importance, but educators lack a clear picture of how students use data visualizations when reasoning about the past. How do students use data visualizations when reasoning about a historical question? To what degree does using data visualizations enhance students’ historical reasoning? What challenges do students face when attempting to use data visualizations? This study addresses these questions, investigating how fifth-grade, eighth-grade, and high school students use data visualizations from typical school textbooks. Twenty-seven students were interviewed, surveyed, and asked to think aloud about a historical question while using a textbook entry that included a data visualization. Results from qualitative and quantitative analyses highlight the potential for data visualizations to enhance historical reasoning. However, results also indicate that students are unlikely to read data visualizations on their own, underscoring the importance of providing targeted data literacy instruction.
Posterior component separation with transversus abdominis release (TAR) for repair of complex incisional hernias after orthotopic liver transplantation

Incisional hernias (IH) after orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) are challenging due to their concurrent midline and subcostal defects adjacent to bony prominences in the context of lifelong immunosuppression. To date, no studies evaluated the posterior component separation with transversus abdominis release (TAR) to repair complex IH after OLT. We aim to report the outcomes of TAR in this scenario. OLT patients who underwent open, elective IH repair with TAR performed at two centers and with a minimum of 1-year follow-up were identified in the Americas Hernia Society Quality Collaborative (AHSQC). Outcomes included 30-day surgical site infections (SSI), surgical site occurrences requiring procedural intervention (SSOPI), unplanned readmissions, reoperations, and hernia recurrence. Forty-four patients were identified (mean age 60 ± 8, 75% male, median BMI 30.7 kg/m2) at two centers. Median hernia width was 20 cm [IQR 15–28] and 98% (43) were clean cases. Retromuscular synthetic mesh was used in all cases, and 93% (41) achieved fascial closure with no intraoperative complications. Postoperatively, there were 5 SSIs (4 deep, 1 superficial), 6 SSOPIs (4 wound opening, 1 debridement, 1 seroma drainage), four (9%) readmissions, and 3 (7%) reoperations. One patient developed a mesh infection that did not require mesh excision. After a median follow-up of 13 months [IQR 12–17], there were 11 (25%) recurrences; 8 due to central mesh fractures (CMF). Seven recurrences have been repaired either laparoscopically or using an onlay. In a challenging cohort of immunosuppressed patients with large IH, TAR was shown to have acceptable medium-term results, but high recurrence rate driven by CMF. Further studies investigating the mechanism of central mesh fractures are necessary to reduce these recurrences.
Learning to Optimize the Alloy Analyzer

Constraint-solving is an expensive phase for scenario finding tools. It has been widely observed that there is no single "dominant" SAT solver that always wins in every case; instead, the performance of different solvers varies by cases. Some SAT solvers perform particularly well for certain tasks while other solvers perform well for other tasks. In this paper, we propose an approach that uses machine learning techniques to automatically select a SAT solver for one of the widely used scenario finding tools, i.e. Alloy Analyzer, based on the features extracted from a given model. The goal is to choose the best SAT solver for a given model to minimize the expensive constraint solving time. We extract features from three different levels, i.e. the Alloy source code level, the Kodkod formula level and the boolean formula level. The experimental results show that our portfolio approach outperforms the best SAT solver by 30% as well as the baseline approach by 128% where users randomly select a solver for any given model.
The 100 most-cited articles about diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: a bibliometric analysis

Although the dismal clinical prognosis of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) has not changed, there has been significant progress in the academic literature made in the biological understanding of this brainstem tumor. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate citation and other bibliometric characteristics of the 100 most-cited DIPG articles in the current literature in order to better understand the current state of our academic efforts in this area. Elsevier’s Scopus database was searched for the 100 most-cited articles that focussed on DIPG. Articles were dichotomized as either primarily basic science (BSc) or clinical (CL) articles. Various bibliometric parameters were summarized and comparison between BSc and CL articles was performed using Pearson’s chi-square and Mann–Whitney U tests. Of the 100 most-cited articles, 36 (36%) were BSc and 64 (64%) were CL articles. Overall median values were as follows: citation count, 52 (range, 27–261); citation rate per year, 8.6 (range, 1.7–104); number of authors, 9 (range, 1–63); and publication year, 2011 (range, 1997–2017). Articles were published in a total of 43 different journals and predominately originated in the USA (n = 67, 67%). When compared with CL articles, BSc articles reported significantly greater citation count (P = 0.03), citations rate per year (P < 0.01), number of authors (P < 0.01), and more recent years of publication (P < 0.01). The 100 most-cited articles about DIPG were characterized in this analysis. Although smaller in overall proportion, BSc articles demonstrated significantly increased bibliometric parameters, supporting the recent dominance of BSc in this field, primarily involving histone biology of the H3K27M mutation. Moving forward, it will be of great interest to see how the findings of these high-impact BSc articles will translate into future high-impact CL articles.
P17 Participation in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) Influences Nutrition-Related Practices of Child Care Settings in Nebraska

Background Federal food assistance programs such as the Child and Adult Care Food program (CACFP) are designed to promote healthy dietary habits for young children. Objective Determine how CACFP participation influences implementation of nutrition-related best practices and barriers in childcare settings. Study Design, Settings, Participants Cross-sectional surveys were distributed to 3,014 licensed childcare facilities in Nebraska in 2017 to collect provider-reported information on facility demographics, CACFP participation, and practices implemented in childcare settings serving children aged 2-5 years. Measureable Outcome/Analysis Chi-square analysis was performed in SPSS to determine differences in best practice implementation, barriers, and difficulty level between those who do versus do not participate in the CACFP, stratified by childcare context (center-based versus family childcare home-based). Results The sample included 1,345 childcare programs (54.6% response rate); 86.8% participated in the CACFP, 21.7% were center-based, and 78.3% were home-based. Childcare programs who participated in the CACFP were more likely to serve foods and beverages according to best practices across both contexts; practices included serving fruit at least one time, serving vegetables at least one time, and serving skim or 1% milk (P Conclusion While participation in the CACFP was related to higher prevalence of serving healthier food and beverages, few mealtime practices were affected. This could be attributed to CACFP regulations requiring participating childcare programs to serve nutritious food and beverages to children, but only recommending mealtime-related best practices. These findings could suggest that CACFP-related trainings should emphasize the importance of these practices with consideration of known provider-reported barriers. Funding USDA.
A Culture Perspective: Growing Culture in a Community Garden

How does organizational culture form in real time? I present an overview of this topic using the formation of a fictional community garden organization for explanation. This chapter also presents a brief history of the thinking and literature of organizational culture as it emerged in the 1950s, beginning with Deal and Kennedy and Pettigrew. It outlines some of the theory and suggests why the work of Edgar Schein changed the field.
Evaluating the Influence of a Freeway Capacity Improvement Project on Travel Time-Based Performance Measures Within Its Vicinity

The focus of this research is on examining changes in travel time and related measures during the construction period and after increasing the capacity of a freeway corridor by comparing it with before the construction of the capacity improvement project in an urban area. Along with the freeway, the arterial streets connecting the freeway were also analyzed to assess changes within the vicinity of the project site. Further, the efficiency of the capacity improvement project in reducing congestion is evaluated by the time-of-the-day and day-of-the-week, during peak and off-peak periods on Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday. The findings indicate that travel times increased on the connecting arterial streets due to the migration of traffic from the freeway during the construction period. Also, at times, it appears that the travel time has decreased on the freeway due to the people choosing alternate routes rather than traveling through the construction zone. After the construction, there is a considerable amount of congestion even though the freeway travel time has decreased significantly. This could be due to the induced travel demand resulting in an increase in the travel time. The variations seem to marginally differ by the time-of-the-day and day-of-the-week. It is a general perception that an increase in capacity decreases travel times. However, a slight increase in travel time is observed on most of the links in the considered transportation network. Nonetheless, though there is an increase in buffer time, freeway expansion is very lucrative as a higher number of vehicles pass through a corridor with a marginal increase in travel time.
Efficient Shared Peak Counting in Database Peptide Search Using Compact Data Structure for Fragment-Ion Index

Database search is the most commonly employed method for identification of peptides from MS/MS spectra data. The search involves comparing experimentally obtained MS/MS spectra against a set of theoretical spectra predicted from a protein sequence database. One of the most commonly employed similarity metrics for spectral comparison is the shared-peak count between a pair of MS/MS spectra. Most modern methods index all generated fragment-ion data from theoretical spectra to speed up the shared peak count computations between a given experimental spectrum and all theoretical spectra. However, the bottleneck for this method is the gigantic memory footprint of fragment-ion index that leads to non-scalable solutions. In this paper, we present a novel data structure, called Compact Fragment-Ion Index Representation (CFIR), that efficiently compresses highly redundant ion-mass information in the data to reduce the index size. Our proposed data structure outperforms all existing fragment-ion indexing data structures by at least 2× in memory consumption while exhibiting the same time complexity for index construction and peptide search. The results also show comparable indexing speed, search speed and speedup scalability for CFIR-index and the state-of-the-art algorithms.
CP violation in the neutralK system

The theoretical aspect ofCP-violation is reviewed. TheK s andK L states, the unitarity relation, parametrization and analysis, the electric dipole moment of the neutron,η asymmetry andC noninvariance inη 3π are all discussed. Then five theoretical models concerning neutralK→2π are dealt with.
Sensitivity of the human auditory cortex and reward network to reverberant musical stimuli.

A room's acoustics can alter subjective impressions of music, including preference. However, little research has characterized the brain's response to room conditions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the auditory and reward responses to concert hall stimuli. Before the fMRI testing, 18 participants rated their preferences to a solo-instrumental passage and an orchestral motif simulated in eight room acoustic conditions outside an MRI scanner to identify their most liked and disliked conditions. In the MRI, the most-liked (reverberation time, RT = 1.0–2.8 s) and most-disliked (RT = 7.2 s) conditions, along with the [anechoic and scrambled versions] anechoic and scrambled versions of the musical passages were presented. The auditory cortex was found to be sensitive to the temporal coherence of the stimuli as it exhibited stronger activations for simpler stimuli, i.e., the solo-instrumental and anechoic conditions, than for stimuli containing temporally incoherent auditory objects—the orchestral and reverberant conditions. In contrasts between liked and disliked reverberant stimuli, a reward response in the basal ganglia was detected in a region of interest analysis using a temporal derivative model of the hemodynamic response function. This response may indicate differences in preference between subtle variations in room acoustics applied to the same musical passage.
Early Xenopus gene regulatory programs, chromatin states, and the role of maternal transcription factors

For decades, the early development of the Xenopus embryo has been an essential model system to study the gene regulatory mechanisms that govern cellular specification. At the top of the hierarchy of gene regulatory networks, maternally deposited transcription factors initiate this process and regulate the expression of zygotic genes that give rise to three distinctive germ layer cell types (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm), and subsequent generation of organ precursors. The onset of germ layer specification is also closely coupled with changes associated with chromatin modifications. This review will examine the timing of maternal transcription factors initiating the zygotic genome activation, the epigenetic landscape of embryonic chromatin, and the network structure that governs the process.
Fodor on imagistic mental representations

Abstract: Fodor’s view of the mind is thoroughly computational . This means that the basic kind of mental entity is a “discursive” mental representation and operations over this kind of mental representation have broad architectural scope , extending out to the edges of perception and the motor system. However, in multiple epochs of his work, Fodor attempted to define a functional role for non-discursive, imagistic representation. I describe and critique his two considered proposals. The first view says that images play a particular kind of functional role in certain types of deliberative tasks. The second says that images are solely restricted to the borders of perception, and act as a sort of medium for the fixing of conceptual reference. I argue, against the first proposal, that a broad-scope computationalism such as Fodor’s renders images in principle functionally redundant . I argue, against the second proposal, that empirical evidence suggests that non-discursive representations are learned through perceptual learning, and directly inform category judgments. In each case, I point out extant debates for which the arguments are relevant. The upshot is that there is motivation for limited scope computationalism, in which some, but not all, mental processes operate on discursive mental representations. Keywords: Computational Theory of Mind; Mental Representation; Perception; Mental Image; Jerry Fodor Fodor e le rappresentazioni mentali come immagini Riassunto: La concezione della mente di Fodor e rigorosamente computazionale , ossia le entita mentali di base sono rappresentazioni mentali “discorsive”. Le operazioni su queste rappresentazioni hanno un fine architettonico ampio , che va fino ai confini della percezione e del sistema motorio. In periodi diversi del suo lavoro, Fodor ha proposto due modi per definire un ruolo funzionale per la rappresentazione non-discorsiva come immagine. Trattero criticamente entrambi. Per il primo, le immagini giocano un particolare tipo di ruolo funzionale in certi tipi di compiti deliberativi, mentre, per il secondo, sono relegate unicamente ai confini della percezione, agendo come medium per fissare il riferimento concettuale. Contro il primo sosterro che un computazionalismo cosi ampio come quello di Fodor rende le immagini in principio funzionalmente ridondanti . Contro il secondo sosterro che l’evidenza empirica suggerisce che le rappresentazioni non-discorsive vengono apprese percettivamente, agendo direttamente sui giudizi di categorizzazione. In entrambi i casi considerero gli argomenti piu rilevanti nel dibattito corrente. Si vedra che ci sono buone ragioni in favore di un computazionalismo piu limitato , in cui alcuni processi mentali (ma non tutti) operano su rappresentazioni mentali discorsive. Parole chiave: Teoria computazionale della mente; Rappresentazione mentale; Percezione; Immagine mentale; Jerry Fodor
Diagnosis & management of alpha-gal syndrome: lessons from 2,500 patients

Alpha-gal Syndrome (AGS) is a unique allergy to non-primate mammalian meat (and derived-products) that is associated with tick bites and is due to a specific IgE antibody to the oligosaccharide gal...
Spatial development of trailing vortices behind a delta wing, in and out of ground effect

In this research, we study the dynamics of vortex pairs both in and out of ground effect. Trailing vortices are generated by towing a 75 $$^\circ$$ leading-edge sweep-angle delta wing in an XY-towing tank, at 15 $$^\circ$$ angle of attack. As the delta wing is towed, it generates a spatially developing vortex pair with the axial (streamwise) flow in the vortex cores. Particle image velocimetry is used to determine the transverse velocity field, and the vortex pair is found to be well-characterized by the superposition of two Lamb–Oseen vortices. The axial flow is captured using a longitudinal light sheet. To ensure we capture the vortex core, a technique is used wherein the light sheet is set such that it is slightly oblique to the length of the vortex. Using this technique allows the axial flow to be measured in the vortex core more than 20 chord-lengths downstream of the delta wing, capturing data at a resolution as close as 0.03 chord-lengths apart. This technique is unaffected by displacements of the vortex core, allowing us to analyze the axial flow profile both in and out of ground effect. A Gaussian velocity profile with a wake-like velocity deficit (flow upstream) is observed in the far-wake of the delta wing in both cases. We also trigger the long-wavelength instability (Crow AIAA J 8:2172–2179, 1970) in the vortices, and compare the measured growth rate of the instability to theoretical growth rate predictions using the theory of Widnall and Bliss (J Fluid Mech 50:335–353, 1971) in a similar manner to Leweke et al. (Annu Rev Fluid Mech 48:1–35, 2016) and Fabre (Ph.D Thesis, 2000). This work is limited to a chord-based Reynolds number of 5000.
A triple-mode mid-IR modulator for all-surface radiative heat management

Adaptive radiative heat management can switch between heating and cooling based on the cover material's mid-IR property. However, such modulation is dependent on the underlying object's emissivity, which limits the applicability of the modulation device. For instance, to achieve the best cooling performance, the human body requires a transmissive cover, and metallic motor vehicles require an emissive one. In this talk, I will introduce a mechanical switchable radiative heat modulator that can change among three different modes - transmission, reflection, and emission - to adapt for the underlying object property. This modulation principle can improve the design flexibility of future adaptive radiative heat management.
Advocates of Freedom: African American Transatlantic Abolitionism in the British Isles: by Hannah-Rose Murray, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2020, ix + 371 pp., £47.99, ISBN: 9781108487511

Hannah-Rose Murray’s Advocates of Freedom: African American Transatlantic Abolitionism in the British Isles is a comprehensive, thorough, and engaging account of African Americans whose abolition a...
Tools for improving the characterization and visualization of changes in neuro-oncology patients.

Capturing how a patient’s medical problems change over time is important for understanding the progression of a disease, its effects, and response to treatment. We describe two prototype tools that are being developed as part of a data processing pipeline for standardizing, structuring, and visualizing problems and findings documented in clinical reports associated with neuro-oncology patients. Given a list of problems and findings identified using a natural language processing (NLP) system, we have created a mapping tool that assigns an observation of a problem to one of nine classes that describe change. The second tool utilizes iconic representations of the nine classes to generate a timeline interface, enabling users to pan, zoom, and filter the data. The result of this preliminary work is an automated approach for understanding and summarizing the evolution of a problem within the patient electronic medical record.
Voices from the Spectrum: Parents, Grandparents, Siblings, People with Autism, and Professionals Share Their Wisdom, by Cindy N. Ariel and Robert A. Naseef (Eds.)

Voices from the Spectrum: Parents, Grandparents, Siblings, People with Autism, and Professionals Share Their Wisdom offers a critical window into the world of individuals living with an Autism Spec...
The Iran Threat: Public Perception vs. Reality

According to nationwide survey, a majority of Americans feel that Iran is the chief threat to the interests of the United States and world stability. Rhetoric from both Iran and the United States reinforce this fear and have led to major foreign policy adjustments. Experts in missile technology and foreign policy, however, paint a less alarming view of an Iranian threat. The findings in this article demonstrate the stark differences between what weapons and foreign policy experts believe about an Iran threat, compared to what the public and political leaders think in the United States. This suggests that our foreign policy leaders may be misrepresenting the actual threat that Iran poses to the public.
Reliability based optimization in hybrid wireless sensor networks

Sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are usually battery-powered sensor nodes (BPSNs) and can rarely meet design goals such as network lifetime, energy and reliability. Energy-harvesting sensor nodes (EHSNs) are an alt ernative type of sensor nodes, which are capable of converting different types of energy to electrical energy. They have longer lifetime but higher cost than BPSNs. Combining BPSNs and EHSNs in a heterogeneous WSN has the potential to deal with the conflicting design goals. In addition, consider certain scenarios where replacing batteries of BPSNs is impossible, EHSNs can be deployed instead to satisfy the quality of service (QoS) of applications running on the hybrid WSN. In this work, we study a hybrid WSN including both types of sensor nodes to deal with the network reliability and cost requirements, particularly, the limited lifetime of BPSNs and high cost of EHSNs. The problem is to find the optimal locations for a specific number of EHSNs in the hybrid WSN with the objective to provide the best combination of average path reliability, implementation path cost, and average energy consumption based on the QoS requirements. Both the centrality concept and the multivariable nonlinear programming method are explored to find the optimal positions for EHSNs in the hybrid WSN.
John Dewey’s Reception in “Schönian” Reflective Practice

INTRODUCTION Contemporary discourse on professional learning tends to claim John Dewey’s paternity for what has become a tradition of “Schonian” reflective practice. I wish to challenge this claim to Dewey’s legacy and to demonstrate how “reflective practice” discourse suggests a limited and, at times, distorted reception of his thought. Positively, I suggest some directions for reconsidering how Dewey’s theories of experience, habit, and the ideal offer more expansive, more integrated notions of professional growth.
Streptococcus faecium var. casseliflavus, nov. var

Streptococcus faecium var. casseliflavus is a gram-positive, spherical cell. The cells occur chiefly as pairs within chains and elongate to ogive-shaped cells during growth. Growth is good on 5% bile salts-agar and in broth at 10 C, and in broth adjusted to pH 9.6 or containing 6.5% NaCl, but many strains fail to grow at 45 C. Litmus is reduced rapidly prior to formation of an acid curd. Few strains release ammonia from arginine or serine. The organism is not proteolytic and does not produce H(2)S or acetylmethylcarbinol, reduce nitrate, decarboxylate tyrosine, or produce slime on sucrose-agar. Most strains survive heating to 60 C for 30 min. It produces gray colonies on potassium tellurite agar, reduces 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium-HCl to a pink color, and ferments cellobiose, dextrin, maltose, mannose, and sorbitol, thus resembling S. faecalis. Like S. faecium, it produces peroxidase but not catalase on heated blood media, dissimilates malate, and ferments arabinose, melibiose, and salicin, but not melezitose. Like both species, it ferments dextrose, galactose, lactose, mannitol, sucrose, trehalose, and citrate. Properties peculiar to the variant include the high pH limiting initiation and termination of growth; the fermentation of alpha-methyl-d-glucoside, raffinose, and xylose; motility; and growth without blue button formation in ethyl violet broth. The water-soluble, pale lemon-yellow pigment is released into the aqueous phase only after the cell envelope is altered by fat solvents. The bacterium thrives as an epiphyte on plants.
Security for DAML web services: annotation and matchmaking

In the next generation of the Internet semantic annotations will enable software agents to extract and interpret web content more quickly than it is possible with current techniques. The focus of this paper is to develop security annotations for web services that are represented in DAML-S and used by agents. We propose several security-related ontologies that are designed to represent well-known security concepts. These ontologies are used to describe the security requirements and capabilities of web services providers and requesting agents. A reasoning engine decides whether agents and web service have comparable security characteristics. Our prototypical implementation uses the Java Theorem Prover from Stanford for deciding the degree to which the requirements and capabilities match based on our matching algorithm. The security reasoner is integrated with the Semantic Matchmaker from CMU giving it the ability to provide security brokering between agents and services.
The beneficial influence of dual isotope SPECT/CT use on management of patients with suspected diabetic foot infection

14 Objectives Foot infection & osteomyelitis (OM) suspicion accounts for the highest hospital admissions among diabetic patients. Accurate diagnosis & precise localization of OM is necessary to effective treatment & to avoid unnecessary major amputation that can be detrimental to life quality & survival of these patients. In this study, we assess the consequence of DI SPECT/CT use on diabetic patient foot infection management. Methods Blood flow & pool images of 3-phase bone scan were obtained followed by In-111 WBC reinjection & next day DI (Tc-99m HDP/In-111 WBC) planar & SPECT/CT acquisitions. Bone marrow (Tc-99m SC)/In-111 WBC SPECT/CT (step 2 DI) were obtained on the following day when images were suspicious for mid/hindfoot OM. Results 227 DI SPECT/CT scans were performed on 191 diabetic patients (125 men, age 60±16 years). The scan diagnosis were 84 OM, 93 soft tissue infection (STI), 25 OM & STI, & 25 other pathology, which were correctly confirmed by culture/pathology in 66 & follow up in 161 scans except for 5 false negatives (2 OM & 3 STI) & 1 false positive OM. In 207 (94%) scans, patients’ management was directed by scans’ findings. In 12 of remaining 14 scans management was mainly influenced by ischemia/gangrene. In the 207 scan guided managements, 150 (72%) scans led to conservative therapy (Antibiotics, local tissue debridement) & 49 (24%) scans to limb salvage procedures (partial bony resections & toe amputations). Conclusions The use of DI SPECT/CT in our large group diabetic foot infection patients was crucial for distinction between STI & OM, evaluation of extent of osseous or soft tissue involvement, & spatially localizing the infection foci. Consequently, DI SPECT/CT greatly & beneficially impacted diabetic foot care by directing conservative therapy & providing clear guidance for limb salvage surgical intervention when needed
Dreams and Suicide.

The dreams of suicidal patients are contrasted to those of nonsuicidal, depressed patients. The dreams of suicidal patients often reveal wishes for revenge, punishment, reunion, fusion, and rebirth. Confusions between the patient's body and that of others are suggested by the dreams of some suicidal patients. Dreams in suicidal individuals may portray disintegration of the self (self-state dreams). The phenomenon of transparency in suicidal dreams is discussed as it pertains to Rorschach studies.