cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secondhand Smoke-Prevalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Binary Mixture-Induced Specific Mitogenic and Pro-inflammatory Cell Signaling Events in Lung Epithelial Cells

Low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (LMW PAHs; < 206.3 g/mol) are prevalent and ubiquitous environmental contaminants, presenting a human health concern, and have not been as thoroughly studied as the high MW PAHs. LMW PAHs exert their pulmonary effects, in part, through P38-dependent and -independent mechanisms involving cell-cell communication and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators known to contribute to lung disease. Specifically, we determined the effects of two representative LMW PAHs, 1-methylanthracene (1-MeA) and fluoranthene (Flthn), individually and as a binary PAH mixture on the dysregulation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and connexin 43 (Cx43), activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), and induction of inflammatory mediators in a mouse non-tumorigenic alveolar type II cell line (C10). Both 1-MeA, Flthn, and the binary PAH mixture of 1-MeA and Flthn dysregulated GJIC in a dose and time-dependent manner, reduced Cx43 protein, and activated the following MAPKs: P38, ERK1/2, and JNK. Inhibition of P38 MAPK prevented PAH-induced dysregulation of GJIC, whereas inhibiting ERK and JNK did not prevent these PAHs from dysregulating GJIC indicating a P38-dependent mechanism. A toxicogenomic approach revealed significant P38-dependent and -independent pathways involved in inflammation, steroid synthesis, metabolism, and oxidative responses. Genes in these pathways were significantly altered by the binary PAH mixture when compared with 1-MeA and Flthn alone suggesting interactive effects. Exposure to the binary PAH mixture induced the production and release of cytokines and metalloproteinases from the C10 cells. Our findings with a binary mixture of PAHs suggest that combinations of LMW PAHs may elicit synergistic or additive inflammatory responses which warrant further investigation and confirmation.
Rice: Global Networks and New Histories

This ambitious volume examines the complex histories of rice in the early modern and modern periods. Rice is not only a plant but also a crop, a commodity, and a food, and the fifteen essays in the...
Custom Accessibility-Based CCBR Question Selection by Ongoing User Classification

Question selection in Conversational Case-Based Reasoning (CCBR) is traditionally guided by the discriminativeness of questions, to minimize dialog length for retrieval. However, users may not always be able or willing to answer the most discriminative questions. This paper presents Accessibility Influenced Attribute Selection Plus (AIAS+), a method for customizing CCBR question selection to reflect the types of questions the user is likely to answer. Given background knowledge about response probabilities for different questions by different user groups, AIAS+ performs ongoing classification of new users, based on the questions they choose to answer, uses the classifications to predict the likelihood of the user answering particular questions, and applies those predictions to guide question selection. In addition, its question selection process balances questions’ information gain against their potential to aid user classification, to enable better selection of following questions. Experiments with simulated users show improvement over three alternative methods. Experiments in synthetic domains illuminate the domain characteristics under which the method is expected to be effective.
The Use of Standardized Discharge in IPS Supported Employment Programs.

Objective:Some researchers have argued for using standardized discharge rules in individual placement and support (IPS) based on time of unemployment. To evaluate potential adverse outcomes of thes...
Case 68: Cranioplasty: Should You Be Concerned?

A 29-year-old, otherwise healthy male presented for a left-sided cranioplasty with replacement of his original bone flap.
Dynamic Regulation of Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation by a Noncanonical Interaction between the MCL-1 BH3 Helix and VLCAD

Summary MCL-1 is a BCL-2 family protein implicated in the development and chemoresistance of human cancer. Unlike its anti-apoptotic homologs, Mcl-1 deletion has profound physiologic consequences, indicative of a broader role in homeostasis. We report that the BCL-2 homology 3 (BH3) α helix of MCL-1 can directly engage very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), a key enzyme of the mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) pathway. Proteomic analysis confirmed that the mitochondrial matrix isoform of MCL-1 (MCL-1 Matrix ) interacts with VLCAD. Mcl-1 deletion, or eliminating MCL-1 Matrix alone, selectively deregulated long-chain FAO, causing increased flux through the pathway in response to nutrient deprivation. Transient elevation in MCL-1 upon serum withdrawal, a striking increase in MCL-1 BH3/VLCAD interaction upon palmitic acid titration, and direct modulation of enzymatic activity by the MCL-1 BH3 α helix are consistent with dynamic regulation. Thus, the MCL-1 BH3 interaction with VLCAD revealed a separable, gain-of-function role for MCL-1 in the regulation of lipid metabolism.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy mimicking central nervous system metastases: a case report

This case describes an unusual presentation of an intracranial hemorrhage first thought to be metastatic disease on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The healthcare team completed an exhaustive search for a primary malignancy that was negative. Final diagnosis on brain biopsy showed intercranial hemorrhage secondary to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. With an increasing number of elderly patients and the rising cost of health care, this case can serve as a reminder to clinicians about their own responsibilities in limiting the cost of health care. This is a case report about a 72-year-old white woman with an intracranial hemorrhage secondary to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The brain lesions on computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging mimicked a metastatic process until a brain biopsy could give a definitive diagnosis that was completely unexpected. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is a rare cause of intracerebral hemorrhage and this diagnosis is important to consider in older patients on anticoagulation. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is a rare diagnosis but should be considered in elderly patients on anticoagulation presenting with imaging findings consistent with intracerebral hemorrhage. While metastatic disease is a more common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral amyloid angiopathy should remain in the differential diagnosis. This case report serves as a teaching point to clinicians in cases involving an older patient on anticoagulation.
Patrick Heelan's innocent eye

In 1816 William Hazlitt concluded a review of Frederick Turner’s painting with the remark that “All is without form and void. Someone said of his landscapes that they were pictures of nothing, and very like.”1It is doubtless in response to such jibes that John Ruskin wrote, in defense of Turner, that ”the whole technical power of painting depends on our recovery of what may be called the innocence of the eye; that is to say, of a sort of childish perception of these flat stains of colour, merely as such, without consciousness of what they signify, — as a blind man would see them if suddenly gifted with sight.”2 In light of Western art’s ancient aspiration to make a representation that could fool the eye into taking it for the thing itself, the conceit of the “innocent eye” denotes something of a departure. Basing himself on the sense-data psychology of the 19th century, Ruskin is asking what it is that belongs to vision as such, to what is “seen” prior to being interpreted in terms of what we “know.” On this view, Turner would show us what the eye sees, unencumbered by the “prejudices of tradition.”3 What makes this a departure from the classical ambition is that visual truth is no longer measured against the ideal of illusion; indeed, it is against the kind of illusionistic image mastered by painters in the Western tradition since the Renaissance that Turner’s works must be defended. The painter’s allegiance is not to the culturally and traditionally determined motif, but to something deeper that can be brought to light only with the help of art. As the poet Wallace Stevens phrased it, ”The eye’s plain version is a thing apart/The Vulgate of experience.”4
MAGNESIUM : THE FIFTH BUT FORGOTTEN ELECTROLYTE

Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant intracellular cation and is a cofactor in more than 300 enzymatic reactions involving energy metabolism and protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Ionized Mg is the physiologically active form of the element. Protein-bound and chelated Mg buffer the ionized pool. Approximately half the total Mg in the body is present intracellularly in soft tissue, and the other half is present in bone. Less than 1% of the total body Mg is present in blood. However, the majority of our clinical laboratory information comes from the determination of total Mg in serum. Currently, the clinical laboratory evaluation of Mg status is limited primarily to the total serum Mg concentration and a 24-hour urinary excretion. Instrumentation to determine ionized Mg in serum (ion-selective electrode) and in soft tissue (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) should be available in the near future. Magnesium may be a factor in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and the rate of atherosclerosis. Chronic changes of Mg status, that may be latent, are poorly understood and require a better knowledge of ionized Mg metabolism.
The Importance of Nonverbal Cues in Judging Rapport

This study examined the relative impact different channels of communication had on social perception based on exposure to thin slices of the behavioral stream. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that dyadic rapport can be perceived quickly through visual channels. Perceivers judged the rapport in 50 target interactions in one of five stimulus display conditions: transcript, audio, video, video+ transcript, or video+audio. The data demonstrated that perceivers with access to nonverbal, visual information were the most accurate perceivers of dyadic rapport. Their judgments were found to covary with the visually encoded features that past research has linked with rapport expression. This suggests the presence of a nonverbally based implicit theory of rapport that more or less matches the natural ecology, at least as it occurs within brief samples of the behavioral stream.
Element-Level Performance Measures for Bridge Preservation

Measures of performance of highway bridges with element-level data are proposed. Element-level measures focus on the preservation of deck, superstructure, and substructure elements. Element-level measures recognize relationships between bridge elements. Bridge elements (e.g., joints, wearing surfaces, coatings) affect the exposure of deck, superstructure, and substructure. Poor conditions of these elements put decks, superstructures, and substructures at risk. Risk also is increased when actions for preservation are delayed or limited. Three levels of performance were measured: good, at risk, and poor. Bridges that perform well were candidates for bridge preservation programs. Bridges at risk were candidates that needed prompt attention to preserve their current condition. Bridges that performed poorly required rehabilitation or replacement. Risk from exposure and risk from delayed preservation were recognized in element-level performance measures. The following are presented in this study: (a) examples o...
Is the Function of the Immune System only to Protect

Any theoretical analysis of the immune system must make assumptions about its function. The almost universal assumption among immunologists is that the sole function of the system is to protect but over the past quarter century there have been occasional claims that the system also has generative functions. This paper puts the human immune response into an historical context to show that the protection that the system provides is primarily against opportunistic pathogens. Since humans organized themselves into societies until the end of the nineteenth century they have been subjected to continuous decimation by infectious agents, both as endemic disease and epidemics of catastrophic proportions. The changes in society brought about as a result of industrialization and the introduction of modern sanitation measures have been the primary reasons for the control of infectious diseases in the industrialized nations. The tragic lesson of the AIDS epidemic is that in the presence of adequate public health and antibiotics, the immune system is necessary for the defense against infections by opportunistic pathogens. It is of course possible that this is the sole function of the immune system, and if it is, theorists must be skeptical of data and conclusions from experiments designed with the large doses of highly antigenic material because these may not be examining the response as it functions in nature. Similarly, for reasons discussed in the paper, theorists and experimentalists should look to other functions of the immune system. These generative functions mayserve in growth and differentiation of the organism.
Making Education Effective and Fun: Stations-Based Approach to Teaching Radiology and Anatomy to Third-Year Medical Students

Rationale and Objectives A hands-on stations-based approach to teaching anatomy to third-year medical students is used at Boston University. The goal of our study was to demonstrate that such an interactive, team-based approach to teaching anatomy would be well received and be helpful in recall, comprehension, and reinforcement of anatomy learned in the first year of medical school. Materials and Methods Each radiology-anatomy correlation lab was focused on one particular anatomic part, such as skull base, pelvis, coronary anatomy, etc. Four stations, including a three-dimensional model, computer, ultrasound, and posters, were created for each lab. Informed consent was obtained before online survey dissemination to assess the effectiveness and quality of radiology-anatomy correlation lab. This study was approved by our institutional institutional review board, and data were analyzed using a χ2 test. Results Survey data were collected from February 2010 through March 2012. The response rate was 33.5%. Overall, the highest percentage of students (46%) found the three-dimensional model station to be the most valuable. The computer station was most helpful in recall of the anatomic principles from the first year of medical school. Regarding the quality of the anatomy lab, less than 2% of the students thought that the images were of poor quality or the material presented was not clinically relevant. Discussion Our results indicate that an interactive, team-based approach to teaching anatomy was well received by the medical students. It was engaging and students were able to benefit from it in multiple ways.
HSV-1 DNA polymerase 3'-5' exonuclease-deficient mutant D368A exhibits severely reduced viral DNA synthesis and polymerase expression.

Herpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus-1, encode and express a DNA polymerase that is required for replication of their dsDNA genomes. The catalytic subunit of this enzyme contains a 3′-5′ exonuclease that is involved in proofreading during replication. Although certain mutations that severely impair exonuclease activity are not lethal to the virus, it was reported that virus containing the substitution of alanine for aspartate 368 (D368A), which ablates exonuclease activity, could not be recovered, raising the possibility that this activity is essential for viral replication. To investigate this issue, we produced virus containing this mutation (D368A Pol) using a complementing cell line. D368A Pol virus was unable to form plaques on non-complementing cells. Viral DNA synthesis and polymerase activity were severely inhibited in D368A-infected cells, as was expression of the enzyme, suggesting that effects on polymerase expression rather than on exonuclease activity per se largely explain the lethal phenotype of this mutation.
Newborn Screening for Cystic Fibrosis in Wales over 20 years. Changes in incidence dependent on screening protocol

Background: Newborn screening (NBS) for CF in Wales commenced in December 1996 with a IRT/DNA protocol. All infants with one or two identified mutations proceed to sweat test. Between 1996 and 2001 we screened for 4 CF mutations; between 2001-2006 31 mutations; and 2006-2016 8 mutations. We have a comprehensive network to identify all patients with CF in Wales. Wales has a stable population demographic. Aims: To describe NBS for CF over a 20 year period. Methods: We identified all infants identified through NBS as having CF, and all clinical diagnoses (false +ve screen). Genotype, phenotype and sweat test results were reviewed. We excluded those who presented with meconium ileus. Results: Between December 1996 and December 2016 a total of 673,952 babies in Wales underwent newborn bloodspot screening. Between 1996-2005, 295,247 infants were screened for CF using either the CF4 or CF31 gene panel. 124 infants were diagnosed as having CF (incidence 1:2381), including 5 infants with R117H 7T and normal sweat test. 7 infants were affected but not detected by the screening process in this period (age at diagnosis 0.25-18 years). Screening sensitivity in this period has decreased with time to 94.4%). Between 2006-2016, 378,705 infants were screened for CF using the CF-8 gene panel. 108 infants were diagnosed as having CF in this period (incidence 1:3506), with no subjects with R117H. To date 3 individuals were affected but not detected, sensitivity of screening 97.2%. Conclusions: Changes in the gene panel have changed the incidence of CF in Wales over a 20 year period. We have decreased the number of subjects identified with mutations of variable clinical consequence.
Deletion of Lats 1 and 2 in mouse pancreatic acinar cells induces pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation

Objective: The Hippo signaling pathway is known for regulating proliferation, differentiation, organ size, and tumorigenesis. Large tumor suppressor kinase 1 and 2 (LATS1&2) are the core kinases of this pathway, whose functions in the normal pancreas and pancreatic diseases are unclear. We studied the function of LATS1&2 specifically in pancreatic acinar cells of adult mice. Design: We generated mice with adult pancreatic acinar cell-specific deletion of Lats1&2 genes by using CreER/LoxP. Pancreata were analyzed by histological examination, immunostaining, western blot, and RNA-sequencing. Results: Deletion of Lats1&2 genes in adult pancreatic acinar cells resulted in rapid development of pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis. Loss of Lats1&2 did not directly induce acinar cell proliferation or apoptosis, but resulted in pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation followed by immune cell infiltration and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. These effects were mediated by the Hippo downstream effectors YAP1/TAZ. By using neutralizing antibody to block CTGF, one of their targets, the inflammation and fibrosis were reduced. Our RNA-sequencing data identified upregulation of fibroinflammatory genes in Lats1&2 null pancreata, which may play important roles in stimulating PSC activation and promoting pancreatic fibrosis, as well as inflammation. Conclusions: Deletion of the Lats1&2 genes from adult acinar cells leads to the YAP1/TAZ dependent upregulation of a fibroinflammatory program. Our results emphasize the critical role of the Lats1&2 in regulating PSC activation. Our findings identify new strategies for controlling pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis in diseases such as pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Key words: Hippo; pancreatic stellate cells; YAP1/TAZ; pancreatitis
Modeling the origin of urban-output scaling laws

Urban outputs often scale superlinearly with city population. A difficulty in understanding the mechanism of this phenomenon is that different outputs differ considerably in their scaling behaviors. Here, we formulate a physics-based model for the origin of superlinear scaling in urban outputs by treating human interaction as a random process. Our model suggests that the increased likelihood of finding required collaborations in a larger population can explain this superlinear scaling, which our model predicts to be non-power-law. Moreover, the extent of superlinearity should be greater for activities that require more collaborators. We test this model using a novel dataset for seven crime types and find strong support.
Genome-wide CRISPR screen uncovers a synergistic effect of combining Haspin and Aurora kinase B inhibition

Aurora kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases vital for cell division. Because of the overexpression of Aurora kinases in a broad range of cancers and their important roles in mitosis, inhibitors targeting Aurora kinases have attracted attention in cancer therapy. VX-680 is an effective pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor; however, its clinical efficacy was not satisfying. In this study, we performed CRISPR/Cas9 screens to identify genes whose depletion shows synthetic lethality with VX-680. The top hit from these screens was GSG2 (also known as Haspin), a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates histone H3 at Thr-3 during mitosis. Moreover, both Haspin knockout and Haspin inhibitor-treated HCT116 cells were hypersensitive to VX-680. Furthermore, we showed that the synthetic lethal interaction between Haspin depletion and VX-680 was mediated by the inhibition of Haspin with Aurora kinase B (AURKB), but not with Aurora kinase A (AURKA). Strikingly, combined inhibition of Haspin and AURKB had a better efficacy than single-agent treatment in both head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer. Taken together, our findings have uncovered a synthetic lethal interaction between AURKB and Haspin, which provides a strong rationale for this combination therapy for cancer patients.
Effect of contrail overlap on radiative impact attributable to aviation contrails

Abstract. Condensation trails (“contrails”) which form behind aircraft are estimated to cause on the order of 50 % of the total climate impact of aviation, matching the total impact of all accumulated aviation-attributable CO2. The climate impacts of these contrails are highly uncertain, in part due to the poorly-understood effect of overlap between contrails and other cloud layers. With the airline industry projected to grow by approximately 4.5 % each year over the next 20 years, instances of contrail overlap are expected to increase, including any potential mitigating or amplifying effects on contrail-attributable radiative forcing. However, the impacts of cloud-contrail overlaps are not well understood, and the effect of contrail-contrail overlap has never been quantified. In this study we develop and apply a new model of contrail radiative forcing which explicitly accounts for overlap between cloud layers. Cloud-contrail overlap is found to be responsible for 93 % of net radiative forcing attributable to 2015 contrails. We also find significant variation in the sensitivity of contrail radiative forcing to cloud cover with respect to geographic location. Clouds significantly increase warming at high latitudes and over sea, transforming cooling contrails into warming ones in the North-Atlantic corridor. Based on the same data, our results indicate that disregarding overlap between a given pair of contrail layers can result in longwave and shortwave radiative forcing being overestimated by up to 16 % and 25 % respectively, with the highest bias observed at high optical depths (> 0.4) and high solar zenith angles (> 75°). When applied to estimated global contrail coverage data for 2015, contrail-contrail overlap reduces both the longwave and shortwave forcing by ~ 2 % relative to calculations which ignore overlap. The effect is greater for longwave radiation, resulting in a 3 % net reduction in the estimated RF when overlap is correctly accounted for. This suggests that contrail-contrail overlap effects can likely be neglected in estimates of the current-day environmental impacts of aviation. However, the effect of contrail-contrail overlap is likely to increase in the future as the airline industry extends into new regions, intensifies in existing regions, and invests in higher-efficiency engines which are thought to promote contrail formation.
Survival Disparity Based on Household Income in 1970 Patients Following Brain Tumor Surgery

Background The impact of household economics on outcomes is not well understood. We examined the relationship of income and surgical outcomes, after controlling for numerous patient characteristics. Methods Consecutive adult (≥18) patients (n = 1970, June 2013−April 2019) undergoing supratentorial brain tumor resection, at a single health system, were assessed. Univariate logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of household income on patient survival. The cohort was then separated into income quartiles (range: $18,119−$193,152). The lowest (Q1) and highest (Q4) income quartiles were then compared. Patients (Q1/Q4) subsequently underwent 1:1 coarsened exact matching based on a number of patient characteristics. Outcomes included mortality, emergency evaluations, and readmissions. Results Regression analysis of all 1970 patients demonstrated increasing survival with increasing household income (mortality 30-day P = 0.027, 90-day P = 0.002). Logistic regression of all Q1 versus Q4 patients (n = 970) demonstrated increased survival for the highest income patients (Q4) (mortality 30-day P = 0.220, 90-day P = 0.028, all follow-up P = 0.027). Analysis of exact-matched patients (Q1 vs. Q4; n = 462), demonstrated higher income was associated with escalating, nonsignificant, survival rates at 30 (mortality 3.90% Q1 vs. 2.60% Q4, P = 0.424) and 90 days (mortality 13.42% Q1 vs. 8.66 Q4, P = 0.101) but significantly increased survival during total follow-up (mortality Q1 46.75%, Q4 35.06%, P = 0.010). No significant difference was noted for the remaining studied outcomes. Conclusions Patients matched on a multitude of characteristics, of lesser household income, had higher long-term mortality after brain tumor resection. Further understanding of this disparity should be sought and differences mitigated.
Performance limits for maritime Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR).

The performance of an Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) system depends on a variety of factors, many which are interdependent in some manner. In this report we specifically examine ISAR as applied to maritime targets (e.g. ships). It is often difficult to get your arms around' the problem of ascertaining achievable performance limits, and yet those limits exist and are dictated by physics. This report identifies and explores those limits, and how they depend on hardware system parameters and environmental conditions. Ultimately, this leads to a characterization of parameters that offer optimum performance for the overall ISAR system. While the information herein is not new to the literature, its collection into a single report hopes to offer some value in reducing the seek time'.
Evidence-Based Interventions for Bipolar Spectrum Disorders in Youths

The term “bipolar disorder” refers to a set of diagnoses, including bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymic disorder, other specified bipolar and related disorder, and unspecified bipolar and related disorder. This chapter describes the importance of treatment conceptualization which must address the needs of patients and their families including pharmacological and psychosocial treatment approaches. Psychoeducation, family-focused therapy, and Cognitive behavioral therapy are among the psychosocial treatments for bipolar spectrum disorders with empirical support. Although pharmacological interventions remain the front line treatment for mania, psychotherapy may be as or more effective at addressing depression, and is key for implementing the lifestyle changes that reduce risk of relapse, prolong periods of wellness, and improve overall quality of life and functioning. Comprehensive treatment should focus on family communication, maintaining routine, emotion regulation, coping skills, problem solving, and lifestyle changes.
Applying Shared Decision Making to Sports Participation for a Patient With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Abstract A patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a cardio-defibrillator implanted for primary prevention would like to compete on the ski team at his school. This case illustrates how a shar...
A Study of the Families Included in Receiving Better Special Education Services (FIRME) Project for Latinx Families of Children with Autism and Developmental Disabilities.

Family-professional partnership is an essential component of the special education process for children with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Latinx families face systemic barriers when participating in educational decision-making for their children with IDD. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of advocacy trainings among Latinx families of children with IDD, including ASD. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effectiveness and feasibility of the Familias Incluidas en Recibiendo Mejor Educacion Especial (FIRME), an advocacy program for Latinx families of children with IDD, with respect to increasing special education knowledge, advocacy, empowerment, and receipt of services; and decreasing stress. After completing the FIRME program, participants demonstrated significantly increased: special education knowledge; advocacy; and empowerment.
Shallow-Water Wave Action on a Vertical Cylinder

Study to provide information for design of structures supported on large-diameter vertical cylinders that are to be exposed to shallow-water wave action; laboratory data collected to determine pressure intensities on surface of vertical cylinder subjected to action of smooth waves and breaking waves of spilling type; results are presented through dimensionless parameters that include pertinent physical quantities.
Mental Health Literacy, Stigma, and Access to Services among Young Adults in Tunisia

Background: There is limited research on mental health literacy and stigmatization attitudes towards mental illness in Tunisia, despite the increasing need for such research to better understand its complexity in a specific country context. Using an exploratory mixed-method approach this study attempted to assess the needs and perceptions about mental health within a population of Tunis-based young adults. Methods: A sample of 80 participants completed an online survey on different aspects of mental health attitudes, mental illness literacy and stigma, with a subset of survey participants participating in one-on-one interviews. Results: Survey results show that 77% of respondents completely agreed or somewhat agreed that they would like to learn more about mental health. This study also found that 68% of the sample reported a lack of accessibility to mental healthcare services resulting in 49% reporting their preference to search their symptoms on the internet instead of informing someone. Throughout the interviews phase, the main factors identified to have a crucial impact on young adults' choice to openly communicate feelings and thoughts with each other and to seek professional help are: culture, gender roles, sexual orientation, and family approval. Conclusion: This study suggests a great desire among young adults to learn more about mental health, and highlights the cultural complexities regarding mental health stigmatization in Tunisia. It also highlights the need for culturally relevant approaches raising awareness about mental health.
DPLVO: Direct Point-Line Monocular Visual Odometry

In this letter, we present a direct visual odometry (VO) using points and lines. Direct methods generally choose pixels with sufficient gradients to minimize the photometric error for the status estimation. Pixels on lines are generally involved in this process. But the collinear constraint among these points are generally ignored, which may result in less accurate depth estimation. This letter introduces the collinear constraint into the state-of-the-art direct visual odometry DSO (J. EngelI et al., 2018) to overcome this problem. The 3D lines, points and poses within a sliding window are jointly optimized. Points are generally only visible within a short time window. However, as lines are unbounded entities, they can be observed by a camera significantly longer than points. Thus, we seek to establish the long-term data association for lines among the keyframes. The 3D collinear points that are removed from the sliding window are served as collinear priors for the following windowed optimization. We prove that the prior collinear constraints of a 3D line can be compressed into six residuals in the optimization. This significantly reduces the computational complexity, and enables real-time performance for incorporating long 3D line segments into the windowed optimization. We present a new 3D line representation which reduces the four degrees of freedom (DoF) of a 3D line into two DoF by parameterizing the 3D line in the back-projection plane of its first 2D line observation. The experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art direct monocular VO algorithms.
Impact of AKI in Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Managed with VA ECMO

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) has emerged as an option for cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest because it improves hemodynamics and serves as a bridge until alternative management strategies can be implemented ([1][1],[2][2]). Since 2015, VA ECMO has been used at the
Why is classical theory classical? Theorizing the canon and canonizing Du Bois:

One of the most contentious debates coursing through sociology is what to do with the canon of Marx, Weber, and Durkheim: abandon the canon, start afresh with a new canon, or reconstruct the existi...
Which symptoms of depression and anxiety are most strongly associated with happiness? A network analysis of Indian and Kenyan adolescents.

Abstract Background Network analyses have been applied to understand the relationships between individual symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, little is known about which symptoms are most strongly associated with “positive” indicators of mental health, such as happiness. Furthermore, few studies have examined symptom networks in participants from low- and middle-income countries. Methods To address these gaps, we applied network analyses in a sample of Indian adolescents (Study 1; n=1080) and replicated these analyses in a pre-registered study with Kenyan adolescents (Study 2; n=2176). Participants from both samples completed the same measures of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and happiness. Results Feeling sad and feeling like a failure had the strongest (negative) associations with happiness items. These two symptoms, as well as worrying and feeling nervous, had the strongest associations with other symptoms of depression and anxiety. Symptoms of depression and anxiety formed a single cluster, which was distinct from a cluster of happiness items. Main findings were consistent across the two samples, suggesting a cross-culturally robust pattern. Limitations We used cross-sectional data, and we administered scales assessing a limited subset of symptoms and happiness items. Conclusions Our findings support the idea that some symptoms of depression and anxiety are more strongly associated with happiness. These findings contribute to a body of literature emphasizing the advantages of symptom-level analyses. We discuss how efforts to understand associations between individual symptoms and “positive” mental health indicators, like happiness, could have theoretical and practical implications for clinical psychological science.
Abstract P1-15-10: Low utilization of hypofractionated radiotherapy for the treatment of early-stage breast cancer in the US

Background: Large randomized controlled trials have shown that hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (HF-WBI) is not inferior to or more toxic than conventionally fractionated whole breast irradiation (CF-WBI) for the treatment of early-stage breast cancer. Royal Marsden data were published in 2006 (10-yr), the Ontario trial was reported in 2002 (5-yr) and 2010 (10-yr), and the UK START trials were published in 2006 (5-yr) and 2013 (10-yr). We utilized the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to evaluate patterns of radiotherapy fractionation for early-stage, node-negative breast cancer in the U.S. We hypothesized that HF-WBI use would increase over time in response to emerging data supporting its use in this population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study of women >18 years diagnosed with T1-2N0 invasive breast carcinoma and treated with breast-conserving surgery between 2004 and 2011. Radiotherapy was categorized as accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI; 38-40 Gy/1-10 fractions), HF-WBI (40-56 Gy/15-24 fractions) or CF-WBI (50-66 Gy/25-40 fractions). Patients treated with alternate fractionation were excluded. Patterns of breast radiotherapy fractionation were compared using the chi-square test. Multivariable logistic regression was performed for patients diagnosed in 2011, the year with the highest levels of HF-WBI utilization. Results: 217,789 patients in the NCDB met inclusion criteria. HF-WBI use increased over time, rising from 2.1% among eligible patients in 2004 to 15.1% in 2011, while APBI use remained low at 30 years. Table 1 shows frequency of HF-WBI use over time by center type. On multivariate analysis of patients diagnosed in 2011, the following factors were associated with higher use of HF-WBI: treatment at an academic center, older patient age, hormone receptor positivity, pT1 tumor size, and rural residence (Table 2). Conclusions: Utilization of HF-WBI in the US is rising, but remains low overall despite level I evidence showing its non-inferiority to CF-WBI. Given the advantages of HF-WBI in terms of patient convenience and potential healthcare system costs, further research is indicated to explore disparities in HF-WBI utilization in the US and to guide education of breast cancer providers. Citation Format: Yvonne M Mowery, Rachel A Greenup, Kevin Houck, Manisha Palta, Janet K Horton, Eun-Sil S Hwang, Julie A Sosa, Rachel C Blitzblau. Low utilization of hypofractionated radiotherapy for the treatment of early-stage breast cancer in the US [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-15-10.
The Existence and Stability of Shock Fronts in Several Space Variables

The phenomenon of shock wave formation described in the previous chapter indicates the necessity for studying discontinuous weak solutions of systems of conservation laws. Here we turn to the construction of discontinuous solutions of conservation laws in several space variables with an emphasis on the physical equations of compressible fluid flow. We concentrate on the rigorous short-time existence and structural stability of shock fronts in several space variables -- these are the simplest multi-D nonlinear progressing wave patterns, and in Section 4.1 we introduce the basic preliminary facts for this problem. We restrict our discussion for two reasons: 1) shock fronts are the most important nonlinear wave patterns in compressible fluid flow and other systems of conservation laws; 2) these special wave patterns are the only inherently discontinuous waves in multi-D for m × m systems where a rigorous theory has been developed ([15], [16]).
A Qualitative Comparison of Fire Spread Models Incorporating Wind and Slope Effects

Wind velocity and slope are two critical variables that affect wildland fire rate of spread. The effects of these variables on rate of spread are often combined in rate-of-spread models using vector addition. The various methods used to combine wind and slope effects have seldom been validated or compared due to differences in the models or to lack of data. In this study, rate-of-spread predictions from the Canadian Fire Behavior Prediction (FBP) system, McArthur's Mark V forest fire danger meter, the Rothermel empirical model, and the Pagni and Peterson physical model were compared with spread rates observed in a designed laboratory experiment in which wind velocity and slope were varied. Methods of combining wind and slope developed by Albini, McAlpine, and Rothermel were applied to two forms of Rothermel's model. Rothermel's model (original and modified) coupled with Albini's method and Pagni's model predictions closely reproduced the observed shape of the rateof-spread response to wind and slope. Rothermel's method and McAlpine's method worked well in all cases except in upslope spread with opposed flow. However, Rothermel's model failed to predict a nonzero rate of spread in fuel beds with moisture contents of 35%. Possible causes of overprediction by McArthur's model and the FBP model included: (1) application of equations derived from full-scale fires to laboratory-scale fires, (2) improper selection of fuel type to represent artificial fuel beds, and (3) inaccurate estimation of wind velocity 10 m above the vegetation surface using a logarithmic profile. FOR. SCI. 43(2):170-180.
An outline of Cosmology based on interpretation of the Johannine Prologue

As we know there are two main paradigms concerning the origin of the Universe: the first is Big-Bang Theory, and the other is Creation paradigm. But those two main paradigms each have their problems, for instance Big Bang Theory assumes that the first explosion was triggered by chance alone, therefore it says that everything emerged out of vacuum fluctuation caused by pure statistical chance. By doing so, its proponents want to avoid the role of the Prime Mover (God). Of course there are also other propositions such as the Steady State theory or Cyclical universe, but they do not form the majority of people in the world. On the other side, Creation Theory says that the Universe was created by God in 6x24 hours according to Genesis chapter 1, although a variation of this theory says that it is possible that God created the Universe in longer period of thousands of years or even billions of years. But such a proposition seems not supported by Biblical texts. To overcome the weaknesses of those main paradigms, I will outline here another choice, namely that the Universe was created by Logos (Christ in His pre-existence). This is in accordance with the Prolegomena of the Gospel of John, which says that the Logos was there in the beginning (John 1:1). I describe 3 applications of the classical wave equation according to Shpenkov, i.e. hydrogen energy states, periodic table of elements, and planetary orbit distances. For sure, Shpenkov derived many more results beside these 3 phenomena as discussed in his 3 volume books and many papers, but these 3 phenomena are selected to give clear examples of what can be done with the classical wave equation. And then I extend further the classical wave equation to fractal vibrating string. While of course this outline is not complete, this article is written to stimulate further investigations in this direction.
Policymaking in the Forced Federalism Era

In the past few years, scholars in Political Science and American Indian Studies have identified a change in the relationship between Indian nations, the United States Government and state governments across the country. This important, and expanding, relationship in public policy making focuses on the devolution of public policy decisions from the federal/tribal level to an expanded state/tribal relationship (Corntassel and Witmer 2008, Steinman 2004). This paper first touches on the transition to the Forced Federalism era, beginning with the Indian Gaming and Regulatory Act of 1988 (IGRA). Second, we identify the types of legislation proposed and passed in the American states during this new era. Third, we consider a number of possible explanations for legislative activity including institutional, constituent, state/tribal relations and state political measures. Our findings suggest that states with an established institutional structure in their legislative and executive branches are more likely to propose and pass American Indian related legislation. Similar findings for constituent measures were evident, namely that the size and percentage of the population that is American Indian. Other explanatory factors such as whether a gaming compact had been signed, state political ideology, initiative and unified government were less likely to increase the number of proposed and passed legislation.
40 Gbit/s "fish ladder" signal path and connectorized signal path in ceramic and organic packages for OC768 applications

IBM is providing robust packaging solutions for high speed networking chips utilizing Silicon Germanium (SiGe) and CMOS technology. Recently, while still using current packaging design ground rules needed to yield a manufacturable product, a novel "fish ladder" transmission line structure that exits through the 2nd level Package Ball Grid Array (BGA) onto a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) was introduced into the package. The benefit afforded by this structure allows the system designer the ability to route high speed signal traces directly through to the PCB where highly reliable Surface Mount Technology (SMT) connectors can be used, thereby eliminating the need for more costly and assembly intensive techniques for connectors on the package. The "fish ladder" for the first time can support 40 Gbit/s and 50 Gbit/s transmission speeds. Herein is described the "fish ladder" structure, the electrical modeling of the structure up to 40 GHz in both IBM's alumina ceramic and SLC/spl trade/ (Surface Laminar Circuit) organic package. Also the S parameter measurement of the assembled package up to 45 GHz demonstrating the performance is included.
Online Advertisements and Conceptual Implicit Memory: Advances in Theory and Methodology

Summary We conducted three experiments to further our understanding, both theoretically and methodologically, of conceptual implicit memory within the advertising context. Results from the first experiment confirmed what previous research had suggested: using a brand generation task is a conceptual implicit memory measure. The first experiment also demonstrated that conceptual priming can be found using realistic-looking advertisements embedded within a news website. Results from Experiments 2 and 3 suggest that not only is providing specific encoding instructions not necessary to induce conceptual or semantic processing but also that there were no differences based on whether the experimental procedure was conducted in a laboratory or online. Together, these results have implications for increasing the ecological validity of this type of research. By allowing participants to view realistic advertisements outside of a laboratory without specific encoding instructions, the procedure much more closely mimics how individuals actually interact with advertisements in real life. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of Skin Test-Active Preparations from Yeast-Phase Cells of Blastomyces dermatitidis

Abstract Cell wall and cytoplasmic fractions were isolated from mechanically disrupted yeast-phase cells of Blastomyces dermatitidis in an effort to obtain a reliable skin-test antigen. The biological activities of these fractions were compared with those of two blastomycin preparations. The cytoplasmic antigens exhibited a low index of specificity yet exceeded the specificities of the blastomycins. The skin test-active component(s) of the cytoplasmic material had a molecular weight between 10,000 and 30,000 and could easily be concentrated by ultrafiltration on a PM-10 membrane. Unlike the cytoplasmic antigens and blastomycins, an alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell wall antigen effectively distinguished guinea pigs that were sensitized to B. dermatitidis from those sensitized to Histoplasma capsulatum. The biological activity of the yeast-phase antigen could be quantitated, on a weight basis, after purification by ultrafiltration (PM-10 membrane).