cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LU implicit multigrid algorithm for the three-dimensional Euler equations

An LU implicit multigrid scheme is developed for the calculation of three-dimensional transonic flow through rotating cascades. This numerical method solves the unsteady Euler equations of gas dynamics in a finite-volume form. The implicit scheme makes it possible to take a much larger time step than is normally permitted in most explicit schemes, while the multigrid method is incorporated to accelerate the convergence rate for steady state calculations. Using this method, computational storage requirements are comparable to those of explicit schemes, while operation counts are considerably less than those found in the more widely-used ADI schemes.
Membrane properties of saturated fatty acid mutants of yeast revealed by spin labels.

Abstract (I) Several yeast mutants deficient in the synthesis of saturated fatty acids were isolated. (II) These mutants cannot grow when supplemented with a highly purified unsaturated fatty acid. They demonstrate a rigid requirement for a dietary saturated fatty acid. (III) They can be enriched with different fatty acids including odd chain length fatty acids. (IV) The enriched mutants demonstrate a characteristic lyotropic mesomorphic phase transition dependent on fatty acid composition but independent of pre-enzyme or physical treatment. (V) It is inferred that the ionic interaction between membrane lipids and membrane proteins is detectable by spin labels. (VI) The apparent “fluidity” of membranes detectable by spin labels requires re-evaluation.
Early-stage bilateral breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery and definitive irradiation: The university of pennsylvania experience☆

Abstract Purpose : To determine whether patients with early-stage bilateral breast cancer can be treated with definitive irradiation following breast-conserving surgery with acceptable survival, local control, complications, and cosmesis. Methods and Materials : During the period 1977–1992, 55 women with State 0, I, or II concurrent (n = 12) or sequential (n = 43) bilateral breast cancer were treated with definitive irradiation following breast-conserving surgery. The records of these 55 patients with 110 treated breasts were reviewed for tumor size, histology, pathologic axillary lymph node status, first and overall site(s) of failure, and adjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. Curves for survival, local control, and regional control were determined. Cosmetic outcome, complication rates, and matching technique were analyzed. The median total radiation dose delivered was 64 Gy *range 42–72) using tangential whole-breast irradiation followed by an electron or iridium implant boost. The tangential fields were matched with no overlap in 40 patients (73%); there was overlap on skin of up to 4 cm in 14 patients. (25%); and the matching technique was unknown in 1 patient (2%). The median follow-up for the 12 women with concurrent bilateral breast cancer was 4.0 years. The median follow-up for the other 43 women with sequential cancer was 9.3 and 4.9 years, respectively, after the first and second cancers. Results : For the overall group of 55 patients, the 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 96% and 94%, respectively, after treatment of the first cancer, and 96% and 92%, respectively, after treatment of the second cancer. The 5- and 10-year actuarial relapse-free survival rates were 90% and 75%, respectively, after treatment of the first cancer, and 83% and 72%, respectively, after treatment of the second cancer. For the 110 treated breast cancers, th 5- and 10-year actuarial local failure rates were 5% and 15%, respectively. Complication rates were: 28% breast edema, 8% arm edema, 4% pneumonitis, 3% cellulitis, 1% rib fracture, and 1% brachial plexopathy; no patients developed matchline fibrosis. For patients with a minimum of 3 years of relapse-free follow-up, the rate of excellent or good cosmetic outcome for 104 treated beasts was 85%. Conclusion : Definitive irradiation after breast-consercing surgery is technically feasible for selected patients with concurrent or sequential early-stage bilateral breast cancer. Survival, local control, complication rates, and cosmetic outcomes appear comparable to historical reports of breast conservation treatment for unilateral disease. Bilateral definitive breast irradiation after breast-conservation surgery should be considered an acceptable alternative treatment to bilatera; mastectomy for selected patients with concurrent or sequential early-stage bilateral breast cancer.
Johnson-Nyquist noise derived from quantum mechanical transmission

Abstract Expressions for the conductance of a sample with elastic scattering, in terms of the transmissive behavior of the sample, have come into widespread use. We show that thermal equilibrium noise currents, calculated within the same framework, obey the Johnson-Nyquist formula.
Improved myocardial ischemic tolerance by contractile inhibition with 2,3-butanedione monoxime

Abstract Contracture of the arrested myocardium during prolonged storage of the heart results in both systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and is a major limitation to extended preservation. We studied the effects of a reversible contractile inhibitor, 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), on myocardial ischemic tolerance. Isolated rabbit hearts were flushed with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution with and without 30 mmol/L BDM and 1 mmol/L CaCl, stored at 4 °C for 24 hours, and subsequently reperfused for 60 minutes. Left ventricular pressure-volume relationships and adenine nucleotide content were determined before reperfusion. Left ventricular systolic pressure, diastolic volume, and adenine nucleotide content were measured after reperfusion. Hearts stored in UW solution underwent contracture and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion during storage, and exhibited systolic dysfunction, impaired diastolic relaxation, and poor ATP regeneration upon reperfusion. The addition of calcium worsened contracture and ATP depletion ( p p = not significant). Hearts stored in the presence of BDM experienced no contracture during storage; ATP was preserved (10.7 versus 15.7 nmol/mg; p p p
Electrical and Optical Properties of High-Resistivity Gallium Phosphide

Static and dynamic photoconductive properties of single-crystal high-resistivity (compensated) GaP have been studied in the intrinsic and near infrared spectral region at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and 27\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Room-temperature resistivities in excess of ${10}^{14}$ \ensuremath{\Omega}-cm have been produced by copper diffusions into either $n$- or $p$-type GaP. Large photoconductivity gains have been measured for intrinsic radiation: Gains in some cases exceeded ${10}^{4}$ for fields of ${10}^{3}$ V/cm. The photoconductivity is strongly influenced by traps. In $p$-type material infrared radiation produces stimulation of the dark conductivity. But in $n$-type material, at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, infrared radiation stimulates only the dark conductivity and quenches the intrinsic photoconductivity at the same photon energies. Thermal-probe measurements indicate that the stimulations are due to increased hole current. At 27\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, only stimulation is observed regardless of the level of intrinsic photoconductivity, but this latter response is due to increased electron current. At the intermediate temperature of 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, stimulation (electron and hole) and quenching are present, and the over-all behavior is more complex. Also discussed are room-temperature measurements of space-charge-limited currents which indicate the presence of deep electron traps. An energy-level diagram is presented which can explain these observations. Principal features include electron traps about 0.6 eV below the conduction band, recombination levels near the center of the band gap, and "sensitizing" hole traps about 0.7 eV above the valence band. In addition, measurements of photovoltaic currents and photocapacitance of surface-barrier junctions are presented and shown to represent independent verification of the presence and energy of the "sensitizing" hole-trap levels and the polarity of the charge carriers released by the infrared radiation: Extrinsic photovoltaic response is present and is stimulated by intrinsic radiation in $n$-type material only; strong infrared quenching is seen of intrinsic photovoltaic currents in $p$-type material and of intrinsic photocapacitance in $n$-type material.
959 ESTIMATION OF CORD BILIRUBIN AS A MEANS OF SCREENING NEWBORNS AT RISK OF NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA

Cord blood bilirubins were determined in 185 term Rh positive infants with uncomplicated intrapartum courses within 12-24 hours of birth by the method of Melloy-Evelyn. Infants with any manifestations of illness in the first four days of life were excluded. Daily physical examinations were performed on all infants but serial bilirubins were determined only in those who were clinically jaundiced. Healthy non-jaundiced infants were discharged on the fourth day of life. The neonatal courses were subsequently evaluated in terms of the development of pathologic jaundice (>5mg/dl/day or > 12mg/dl), and correlated with the cord bilirubin values. The results indicated that during the first four days of life, infants with cord bilirubin values less than 2.0mg/dl had a benign course whereas those with 2.4mg/dl or greater developed pathologic jaundice requiring investigative and therapeutic intervention. This was particularly impressive in infants with levels ≥ 3.Omg/dl because all such infants required exchange transfusion within 24 hours of birth. There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between the mean cord bilirubin of infants who developed pathologic jaundice requiring phototherapy and/or exchange transfusion (2.85), and those that did not (1.31). These findings suggest that cord bilirubin might be used as a screening tool for pathologic jaundice in the first four days of life, and thereby facilitate early investigative and therapeutic intervention.
Polarization independent broadband reflectors based on cross-stacked gratings

We report here a broadband reflector based on a two cross-stacked grating structure. This type of broadband reflector is polarization-independent, with ~100% reflectance over a designed spectral range of 1.4 to 1.6 μm. The reflection phase differences between TE and TM polarizations remain almost a constant value of 1.2π over the same high reflection spectral range. The reflector performance tolerance was also investigated by varying the grating structure parameters. Two types of Fabry-Perot cavities can be configured based on two cross-stacked grating structures, for both polarization independent and polarization dependent resonance cavity mode control. All these characteristics associated with the cross-stacked grating reflectors enable a new type of resonant cavity or wave plate design for a large range of photonic applications.
Protest Through Presence: Spatial Citizenship and Identity Formation in Contestations of Neoliberal Crises

We live in a contested, crisis-prone era, indicative of ongoing processes of neoliberalization. The most recent global financial and food crises have disproportionately impacted those already marginalized in society: people of colour and the working classes. The spatial expressions of this disproportionality are especially acute, evidenced by the uneven distribution of the basic necessities of food and home. Activists in the USA are responding with forms of spatial citizenship, namely exercising their right to peaceably assemble and reclaiming public spaces. During the creation of spaces of dissent, we observe the fluid formation of a collective spatialized identity among social movement actors, contingent on political identities and ideology. We use two cases based in Florida to highlight these processes. The first case is a local iteration of the Occupy Wall Street protests, Occupy Gainesville, which has occupied the city's most central public gathering place, the Bo Diddley Community Plaza. The second ...
Cosmic Rays: The Most Energetic Particles in the Universe

Cosmic rays are a source of ionizing radiation incident on the whole earth. The intensity of this ionizing radiation varies with magnetic latitude, with altitude, and with solar activity. The attribution “cosmic rays” is misleading in that the radiation consists principally of fully ionized atomic nuclei incident on the earth from outer space.
Binding of Sulfonyl-Containing Arylalkylamines at Human 5-HT6 Serotonin Receptors

Various sulfonyl-containing compounds (e.g. sulfonamides, sulfones) bind at human 5-HT6 serotonin receptors, but it has been difficult relating the binding mode(s) of such agents to one another, even though many possess a common SO2 moiety, to identify a common pharmacophore model(s). On the basis of the hypothesis that an ergoline-type conformation might be important for the binding of some sulfonamide-containing arylalkylamines, we prepared for examination at h5-HT6 receptors a series of compounds, including phenylethylamines 6, pyrroloethylamine 7, and phenylpiperazines 9. The results (with Ki values ranging from about 1 nM to >1000 nM) suggest that many of these agents likely bind in a related fashion, and structure-affinity studies indicate that the benzenesulfonamide portion of the phenylethylamine and phenylpiperazine analogues can be "reversed", abbreviated to a sulfone, and moved to an adjacent position with relatively little impact on affinity. Although a benzenesulfonamide (or related arylsulfonamide) group might be common to various 5-HT6 ligands, there appears to be some latitude with regard to the specific constitution and location of the sulfonamide moiety even within the same arylalkylamine structural framework. A pharmacophore model is presented to account for some of the current findings.
Palliation of bronchogenic carcinoma with 198Au implantation using the fiberoptic bronchoscope

The majority of cases of bronchogenic carcinoma remain incurable, and many of these patients require palliation of the effects of the tumor on the airway. We have developed a technique for implanting radioactive (198Au) seeds via the fiberoptic bronchoscope. We now retrospectively review the results obtained in 111 procedures in 54 patients. Response was assessed by improvement in symptoms, chest roentgenogram, or bronchoscopic appearance. Nineteen of 29 (66 percent) patients with occluding endobronchial lesions benefitted. Twenty of 22 (91 percent) with hemoptysis improved. All six patients with tracheal lesions benefitted. Two of six (33 percent) patients with nonoccluding endobronchial lesions responded. Complications directly related to the procedure were rarely of major consequence, although a single patient had an exsanguinating hemoptysis four days following the last of multiple implantations. The simplicity, relative safety, and potential wide availability coupled with low equipment costs would suggest an increasing role for this technique in the palliation of endobronchial neoplasms.
Formation of Oil/Water Emulsions due to Electrochemical Instability at the Liquid/Liquid Interface

This study is dedicated to the development of manufacturing principles of food emulsions for food functionalization and formulation. In the experiments presented, the emulsions are generated using the effects of electrochemical instability and surface tension decrease at a polarized liquid/liquid interface. Polarization of the oil/liquid interface is studied in various aqueous systems including electrolytes and water-based solutions of cationic, anionic, zwitterionic, and nonionic surfactants. The physical features of the obtained emulsions, such as hydrodynamic flow patterns, droplet size distribution, and emulsion organization, are described. The efficacy of different electrode configurations is also evaluated. The theoretical model of the liquid/liquid interface polarization and experimental data obtained from various emulsification regimes are presented.
Normal calves produced after transfer of in vitro fertilized embryos cultured with an antiviral compound.

Abstract Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) replicates in embryo co-culture systems and remains associated with developing IVF bovine embryos, despite washing and trypsin treatment. Previous research demonstrated that 2-(4-[2-imidazolinyl]phenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)furan (DB606) inhibits replication of BVDV in cultured cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of IVF embryos to develop into normal, weaned calves after exposure to antiviral concentrations of DB606 during IVC. Oocytes were obtained from cows via transvaginal, ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration. Presumptive zygotes ( n = 849) that resulted from fertilization of these oocytes were cultured for 7 d in medium supplemented with 0.4 μM DB606 or medium lacking antiviral agent. All blastocysts ( n = 110) were transferred individually into the uterus of a synchronized recipient. The pregnancy status of recipients was determined using transrectal ultrasonography at 21–23 d after embryo transfer. Additional pregnancies as controls ( n = 21) were initiated by natural breeding. Developing fetuses and resulting calves were evaluated every 27–34 d. Blastocyst development, pregnancies per transferred embryo, pregnancies maintained per pregnancies established, gestation length, gender ratio, birth weights, viability of neonates, complete blood counts, and serum chemistry profiles at 3 mo of age and adjusted 205 d weaning weights were compared for research treatments. Development to weaning after exposure to DB606 did not differ significantly from controls. In conclusion, bovine embryo cultures can be safely supplemented with antiviral concentrations of DB606; addition of DB606 agent might prevent viral transmission if BVDV were inadvertently introduced into the embryo culture system.
Heat-induced-contact discoloration, a different discoloration in boiled potatoes

A different kind of discoloration of boiled potatoes is described. The discoloration develops near the edge of the contact zone where the unpeeled potato touches the bottom of the pan. This brown discoloration often appears as an irregular ring and may be caused by the activation of the polyphenol oxidase enzyme system. The discoloration can be eliminated by a) peeling the potatoes that touch the bottom of the pan, b) keeping the potatoes away from the bottom of the pan, or c) putting unpeeled potatoes in boiling water.
The Polar Marine Climate Revisited

AbstractAs an additional classification to Koppen’s climate classification for polar (E) climates, the Polar Marine (EM) climate was presented nearly five decades ago and is revisited in this paper. The EM climate was traced to the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Southern Ocean and recognized as wet, cloudy, and windy, especially during winter. These areas by definition are encompassed by monthly mean air temperatures of −6.7°C (20°F) and 10°C (50°F) in the coldest and warmest months of the annual cycle, respectively. Here three global reanalyses [ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) 25-yr reanalysis (JRA-25)] are used to produce a modern depiction of EM climate. General agreement is found between original and new EM boundaries, for which the poleward boundary can be approximated by the winter sea ice maximum and the equatorward boundary by the warmest month SSTs. Variability of these parameters is shown to largely dic...
Second best welfare economics in the mixed economy

Abstract The general problem of measuring welfare for large government projects is considered in a context where the government may interfere with the private market sector in a variety of ways. Measures are decomposed into a pure efficiency part and a pure equity part and it is shown that the efficiency part is measured by integrals under ‘uncompensated’ market demand functions. It is also shown that the efficiency part may be further decomposed into second best contributions due to commodity taxation, monopoly power and quantity constraints.
Form Follows Libido: Architecture and Richard Neutra in a Psychoanalytic Culture

(2006). Form Follows Libido: Architecture and Richard Neutra in a Psychoanalytic Culture. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 92-94.
Cell vehicle targeting strategies

Use of cells as therapeutic carriers has increased in the past few years and has developed as a distinct concept and delivery method. Cell-based vehicles are particularly attractive for delivery of biotherapeutic agents that are difficult to synthesize, have reduced half-lives, limited tissue penetrance or are rapidly inactivated upon direct in vivo introduction. Initial studies using cell-based approaches served to identify some of the key factors for the success of this type of therapeutic delivery. These factors include the efficiency of cell loading with a therapeutic payload, the means of cell loading and the nature of therapeutics that cells can carry. However, one important aspect of cell-based delivery yet to be fully investigated is the process of actual delivery of the cell payload in vivo. In this regard, the potential ability of cell carriers to provide site-specific or targeted delivery of therapeutics deserves special attention. The present review focuses on a variety of targeting approaches that may be utilized to improve cell-based therapeutic delivery strategies. The different aspects of targeting that can be applied to cell vehicles will be discussed, including physical methods for directing cell distribution, intrinsic cell-mediated homing mechanisms and the feasibility of engineering cells with novel targeting mechanisms. Development of cell targeting strategies will further advance cell vehicle applications, broaden the applicability of this delivery approach and potentiate therapeutic outcomes.
Animal electricity, Ca2+ and muscle contraction. A brief history of muscle research.

2+ , Mg-ATP This brief review attempts to summarize some of the major phases of muscle research from Leeuwenhoek’s description of sarcomeres in 1674, through Galvani’s observation of “animal electricity” in 1791, to the discovery of Ca 2+ as the key messenger in the coupling of nerve excitation to muscle contraction. The emerging molecular mechanism of the contraction process is one of the great achievements of biology, reflecting the intimate links between physics, chemistry and the life Sciences in the solution of biological problems.
Measurement of Fluorescent Materials in Milk and Milk Products

A number of workers in recent years have shown that various dehydrated food products and extracts thereof emit blue fluorescence when subjected to ultraviolet radiation. The intensity of fluorescence increases during storage of the products, and, in some cases, is correlated with loss of palatability, as Fryd and Hanson (8) found with dried eggs. Others, notably at the National Research Council of Canada (28, 36, 40, 41, 42, 43), have demonstrated that heat treatment and storage of dried egg increase the blue fluorescence of a 10 per cent potassium chloride extract (26, 27) of the defatted powder. While Pearce (21) at first postulated that the active fluorescing materials fn such extracts are hydrolytic products of the proteins, it appears much more likely that they arise by interaction of the proteins with reducing sugars (1, 13, 20, 25, 33). Furthermore, although Pearce and Thistle (26) and Thistle et al. (35) concluded that loss of palatability of dried egg is correlated significantly with increase in fluorescence of the salt-soluble constituents, others (2, 7) have presented evidence indicating a much closer relation between flavor and fluorescence arising in the lipide fraction by reaction of lipide amines with aldehydes (5, 6). Fluorescence has been suggested as an index of storage deterioration of dehydrated pork, dried banana, dried parsnip, ration biscuits, and butter (22) and also for following development of rancidity in lard (10). Only very meager data are available on the fluorescence of milk, dairy products or milk constituents. It is well known that normal fresh milk emits greenish-yellow fluorescence when irradiated with ultraviolet light (3, 30) and that this fluorescence is due principally to riboflavin (34, 44). Gerngross and Schultz (9) observed that irradiation of milk causes an alteration in fluorescence from yellow to blue, perhaps by conversion of riboflavin to lumichrome (17), although Raoul's (31) data do not substantiate this explanation. Radley (29), finding that severe heat treatment and roller drying of milk shifted its fluorescence to the blue, attributed this change also to a breakdown of riboflavin. To date the only published quantitative data on the fluorescence of milk other than that due to riboflavin are those of Pearce (22, 23), who studied the salt-soluble fluorescent compounds of defatted 2 dry whole milk. Received for publication January 20, 1948. 1 Paper no. 2370, Scientific Journal Series, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul. 2 I t is not clear in the original just what solvent was used to extract the fa t or how complete an extraction was attained.
Pendular state spectroscopy in photodissociation experiments of hydrogen-bonded complexes

Large electric fields are being used in our laboratory to orient molecules by brute force. Under the rotationally cold conditions of a molecular beam, the dipole interaction with a static electric field can be made large with respect to the rotational energy such that the molecules orient with this transition moment along the electric field direction. In this paper we will discuss the use of IR laser spectroscopy to probe this orientation and then go on to consider the use of these oriented beams in the study of photodissociation of hydrogen bonded complexes.
Subsidizing farmworker hunger: Food assistance programs and the social reproduction of California farm labor

Abstract Following Marx’s theory of social reproduction, I argue that agribusiness benefits from food assistance programs that are available to farmworkers, as they assist workers minimally enough to keep laborers working in the fields, while distracting food assistance providers from the root causes of farmworker food insecurity. These programs simultaneously redistribute excess food that workers have labored over and cannot afford. Based on ethnographic fieldwork on California’s Northern Central Coast, I outline how these programs act to reinforce structural food insecurity by ensuring that workers are provided with their most basic food needs. Although such approaches show evidence of providing crucial food for farmworkers in times of need, these programs ultimately allow agribusiness to feed their workers via charity, while maintaining low wages.
Triprojectate fossil pollen genera

Abstract Tripojectacites pollen, important age indicators for many Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary strata in parts of the northern hemisphere, have been subjected to a variety of generic treatments sice their first formal description over 30 years ago. Up to thirteen genera have been proposed by previous studies, usually based on ratios of heteropolarity, polar-axis lenght to equatorial projection-width and polar axis-lenght to equatorial axis-lenght. My recent phenetic analyses (presented elsewhere in detail) of 175 species coded for 75 binary characters suggest a novel approach to triprojectate generic classification. Using combinations of sculpture type, body form, aperture type, and endexine distribution, I recognized eleven genera (eight of which corresponds in part to previously named taxa): Aquilapollenites Rouse, Mancicorpus Mtchedlishvili, Kurtzipites Anderson emend. Srivastava, Fibulapollis Chlonova emend. Chlonova, Integricorpus Mtchedlishili emend. Stanley, Bratzevaea Takahashi, Striatoporites Krutzsch and Striatocorpus Krutsz. Additionally, three new genera will be formerly proposed elsewhere. Four new combinations are proposed; viz. Striatocorpus pyriformis (Norton) nov. comb.; Aquilapollenites notabile (Mtchedlishvili) comb. nov.; Integricorpus rigidus (Tscudy et Leopold) comb. nov.; Striatoporites conatus (Norton) comb. nov. The groups from my analyses are frequently of biostratigraphic value and facilitate evolutionary and phylogenetic studies on subsets of the polyphyletic Triprojectacites.
Structure of motor nerve terminals in chickens with hereditary muscular dystrophy.

The structure and size of 1-week to 1-year-old normal (line 412) and dystrophic (line 413) chicken motor nerve terminals were studied using combined pre- and postsynaptic histologic endplate staining. The main result is that adult dystrophic terminals have abnormal structure and are significantly smaller than normal. These differences occurred progressively during development. At 1 week ex ovo, dystrophic motor nerve terminals were similar to normals in size and appearance. By 8 weeks, differences between normal and dystrophic terminal size and structural organization began to emerge. Qualitatively, beginning at 8 weeks and becoming more frequent by 1 year of age (the endpoint of this study), dystrophic motor endplates differed from normal in having: (1) generally smaller synaptic boutons, often separated by extremely thin branching interconnectives; (2) increasing incidence of multiple innervation; and (3) frequent occurrences of apparent partial or total denervation, terminal sprouting, and reinnervation.
An authorization model for temporal data

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Gerald J. Boileau and the Progressive-Farmer-Labor Alliance: Politics of the New Deal

Traces the career of Boileau, the Wisconsin Progressive who served in the House of Representatives from 1930 to 1938. The book begins with his service as a Wisconsin district attorney in the 1920s, covers his active congressional career in the 1930s and concludes with his years as a circuit judge.
The binding interaction of HMG-1 with the TATA-binding protein/TATA complex

High mobility protein-1 (HMG-1) has been shown to regulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. In the context that it acts as a transcriptional repressor, it binds to the TATA-binding protein (TBP) to form the HMG-1/TBP/TATA complex, which is proposed to inhibit the assembly of the preinitiation complex. By using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we show that the acidic C-terminal domain of HMG-1 and the N terminus of human TBP are the domains that are essential for the formation of a stable HMG-1/TBP/TATA complex. HMG-1 binding increases the affinity of TBP for the TATA element by 20-fold, which is reflected in a significant stimulation of the rate of TBP binding, with little effect on the dissociation rate constant. In support of the binding target of HMG-1 being the N terminus of hTBP, the N-terminal polypeptide of human TBP competes with and inhibits HMG-1/TBP/TATA complex formation. Deletion of segments of the N terminus of human TBP was used to map the region(s) where HMG-1 binds. These findings indicate that interaction of HMG-1 with the Q-tract (amino acids 55-95) in hTBP is primarily responsible for stable complex formation. In addition, HMG-1 and the monoclonal antibody, 1C2, specific to the Q-tract, compete for the same site. Furthermore, calf thymus HMG-1 forms a stable complex with the TBP/TATA complex that contains TBP from either human or Drosophila but not yeast. This is again consistent with the importance of the Q-tract for this stable interaction and shows that the interaction extends over many species but does not include yeast TBP.
A universal analysis tool for the detection of asymmetric signal distribution in microscopic images

Background: Polarization of tissue is achieved by asymmetric distribution of proteins and organelles within individual cells. However, existing quantitative assays to measure this asymmetry in an automated and unbiased manner suffer from significant limitations. Results: Here, we report a new way to assess protein and organelle localization in tissue based on correlative fluorescence analysis. As a proof of principle, we successfully characterized planar cell polarity dependent asymmetry in developing Drosophila melanogaster tissues on the single cell level using fluorescence cross-correlation. Conclusions: Systematic modulation of signal strength and distribution show that fluorescence cross-correlation reliably detects asymmetry over a broad parameter space. The novel method described here produces robust, rapid, and unbiased measurement of biometrical properties of cell components in live tissue that is readily applicable in other model systems. Developmental Dynamics 241:1301–1309, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On a combinatorial conjecture of Erdös

Abstract The number of members of a family of sequences of length n of zeros and ones whose members differ from one another in at most 2 k places is shown to be necessarily no more than ∑ l = 0 k ( n l ) A generalization to a similar statement about families of sequences of integers, and the relation of this theorem to a result of Katona are also described.
Working with Natural Cohesive Sediments

Summary of Stabilizing and Destabilizing Biotic Inﬂuenceson Natural Cohesive Sediment STABILIZING DESTABILIZINGEPS secretion : Extracellularpolymeric substances bybacteria and microphytobenthosenhances cohesion, promotesﬂocculation and hence deposition Blistering : Trapping ofoxygen bubbles in bioﬁlmsincreases buoyancy of thebioﬁlm to such an extentthat it pulls away fromthe sediment Sediment compaction :Burrowingmacrofauna increasesediment densityand hence stability Pelletization : Theformationof faeces and psuedo-faeces can enhanceerodibility Increased drainage : Burrowand channel formationpromotes dewatering Grazing : Organismsfeedingon intertidal ﬂats causesphysical disturbance andresuspensionof the sediment andreduces the stabilizinginﬂuence ofmicrophytobenthos Network effects : Filamentous biotaramify through the sediment matrixbinding sediment particles together Burrow cleaning : Somebenthic fauna cleantubes they inhabit inthe sediment giving riseto a localizedbenthic ﬂux Flow effects
The Gas-phase thermal unimolecular isomerization of n-propylidenecyclopropylamine to 5-ethyl-1-pyrroline

The gas-phase thermal isomerization of N-propylidenecyclopropylamine has been studied in the temerature range of 573° to 635°K. The reaction is homogeneous and kinetically first order and yields 5-ethyl-1-pyrroline as the sole product. The rate constants are independent of pressure in the range of 2.5 to 55 torr and fit the Arrhenius relationship log k(sec−1) = (14.05 ± 0.06) - (47.77 ± 0.16)/θ where θ = 2.303 RT in units of kcal/mole, or log k(sec−1) = (14.05 ± 0.06) - (199.9 ± 0.7)/θ, where θ = 2.303RT in kJ/mole. From considerations of a biradical pathway it is concluded that the resonance stabilization energy of the substituted 2-aza-allyl radical is very similar to that of the methallyl radical.
A new method to detect rapid oxygen changes around cells: How quickly do calcium channels sense oxygen in cardiomyocytes?

Acute hypoxia is thought to trigger protective responses that, in tissues like heart and carotid body, include rapid (5–10 s) suppression of Ca2+ and K+ channels. To gain insight into the mechanism for the suppression of the cardiac l-type Ca2+ channel, we measured O2-dependent fluorescence in the immediate vicinity of voltage-clamped cardiac cells subjected to rapid exchange of solutions with different O2 tensions. This was accomplished with an experimental chamber with a glass bottom that was used as a light guide for excitation of a thin ruthenium-based O2-sensitive ORMOSIL coating. Fluorescence imaging showed that steady-state Po2 was well controlled within the entire stream from an electromagnetically controlled solution “puffer” but that changes were slower at the periphery of the stream (τ1/2 ∼ 500 ms) than immediately around the voltage-clamped myocyte (τ1/2 ∼ 225 ms) where, in turn, firmly attached cells produced an additional local delay of 50–100 ms. Performing simultaneous voltage clamp and O2 measurements, we found that acute hypoxia gradually and reversibly suppressed the Ca2+ channel (CaV1.2). Using Ba2+ as charge carrier, the suppression was significant after 1.5 s, reached ∼10% after 2.5 s, and was nearly completely reversible in 5 s. The described fluorescence measurements provide the means to check and fine tune solution puffers and suggest that changes in Po2 can be accomplished within ∼200 ms. The rapid and reversible suppression of barium current under hypoxia is consistent with the notion that the cardiac Ca2+ channel is directly modulated by O2.
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: technique developments

Abstract In the three years since the 11th International Mass Spectrometry Conference, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry has advanced both theoretically and experimentally with respect to ion formation and transfer to the ion trap, ion trap design and operation, ion excitation and detection, data reduction, and in chemical and analytical applications. In this short review, we shall describe several new ion sources for FT-ICR MS (e.g. high pressure, fast neutral beam, and continuous- flow atom bombardment), various new ion traps employing screens (e.g. for simultaneous trapping of positive and negative ions), guard wires (for improved isotopic abundance accuracy), and multiple sections. In addition, the ICR excitation and detection processes have recently been treated in quite full theoretical detail, leading to improved understanding of the origin and relative magnitudes of signals at multiples and combinations of the three fundamental ion frequencies: cyclotron, magnetron, and trapping. Recent chemical applications of FT-ICR MS have concentrated on ion/molecule chemistry (e.g. clusters, such as C60), whereas the primary analytical applications have come from laser desorption FT-ICR MS (e.g. polymers, surface analysis).
Spin-wave velocity renormalization in the two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet at zero temperature.

We compute the spin-wave dispersion of the square-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet at T=0 within the Dyson-Maleev formalism, to order 1/S. This allows us to calculate the spin-wave velocity renormalization factor, ${\mathit{Z}}_{\mathit{c}}$, to order O(1/${\mathit{S}}^{2}$). For the S=1/2 case, it is found that ${\mathit{Z}}_{\mathit{c}}$=1.1765\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0002, in very good agreement with series-expansion estimates.
Fast classification of discrete shape contours

Abstract A fast and novel nonoverlapping planar shape recognition scheme with efficiency virtually independent of the number of prototypes is developed. It is composed of new contour normalization, control point extraction and discriminant analysis algorithms also presented here. The system thus applies to shapes regardless of their position, size and orientation. A related shape inspection scheme for detecting locations of shape flaws based on similar principles is also demonstrated.
Kinetic analyses of activation-induced changes in the hydrodynamic and surface properties of the glucocorticoid-receptor complex in mouse brain

Unactivated, molybdate-stabilized, [3H]triamcinolone acetonide-labeled, glucocorticoid receptors from mouse whole brain were activated by removal of the molybdate and incubation at 22°C for 1.5 to 24 min and then rapidly quenched at 0°C with molybdate. The loss of the 9.2 S (unactivated) form of the [3H]TA-receptor complex and the concomitant formation of the 3.8 S (activated) form displayed first-order kinetics with a half-time of less than two min. The increase in the 3.8 S form correlated nearly perfectly with an increased binding to DNA-cellulose, and with a decreased and increased adsorption to DEAE-cellulose and glass fiber filters, respectively. The changes in adsorption to these filters, which occurred at a faster rate than did the changes in binding to DNA-C, are thought to reflect an increase in the relative number of positive charges and hydrophobic groups on the surface of the activated complex.
Far-Infrared Spectra of Saturated Esters

The ir spectra of 89 saturated aliphatic-branched and straight-chain esters are reported for the region 350–50 cm−1 and empirical correlations of the band frequencies are classified by the alcohol component. It is found that there is no consistent series of bands for all samples studied but within the individual classes, several discrete areas of absorption are specified. This verified that these vibrations are more sensitive to structural differences than the higher-frequency characteristic group frequencies and are more specific in the total identification of a given sample.
Elastomer reinforcement from a glassy polymer polymerized in situ

Cross-linked networks of poly(dimethylsiloxane) were swelled with styrene containing benzoyl peroxide. Polymerization of the styrene in situ, by increasing the temperature, gave novel elastomeric composites. Scanning electron micrographs suggest that low concentrations of styrene (∼ 14 wt.%) gave primarily low-molecular-weight polystyrene (PS), which acted merely as a diluent in the networks. Larger amounts gave PS which phase separated into glassy particles having diameters in the approximate range 0.05–1.5 μm. In these cases, an increase in wt.% PS gave networks showing large increases in ultimate strength, which was to be expected. Surprisingly, there were also increases in maximum extensibility, which usually decreases in response to modifications which increase the ultimate strength.
Internet-based prevention of eating disorders

Internet technology has greatly influenced communication and information transfer worldwide and has also provided novel avenues for psychological research and treatment delivery. Preliminary research with computerized interventions have been promising and several studies have shown support for electronically delivered programmes related to eating disorder prevention among college-aged women. Acceptability and efficacy findings for two Internet-based eating disorders prevention programmes, Student Bodies, an asynchronous intervention, and a synchronous chatroom study, are presented. Initial findings indicate that computerized programmes are promising and future directions of research in this emerging field are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Treatment of Primary Resistant or Relapsed Multiple Myeloma with High-Dose Chemoradiotherapy, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Rescue, and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

In this prospective, multicenter, phase 2 study, multiple myeloma (MM) patients with primary resistant disease or recurrent chemosensitive disease, in chemoresistant relapse, or in second or subsequent remission were treated with high-dose chemoradiotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) rescue. PBSCs were collected using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) 5 microg/kg per day subcutaneously for 3 days. Patients underwent high-dose chemoradiotherapy consisting of melphalan (140 mg/m2 x 1 day), cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg per day x 2 days), methylprednisolone (2 g/d x 7 days), and total body radiation (150 cGy bid x 3 days) followed by peripheral blood stem cell reinfusion (> or = 1.2 x 10(9) mononucleated cells per kg) and GM-CSF support (5 microg/kg per day) and were evaluated for response, survival, and toxicity. Thirty-six patients, median age 53.4 years, completed the study. The mean pretransplantation cumulative melphalan dose was 464 +/- 72 mg. Excluding the 3 patients (8.3%) who failed to engraft, the median times to engraftment and platelet recovery were 10 days (range, 8-39 days) and 17 days (range, 7-67 days), respectively. Four patients (11.1%) died of complications related to the regimen (main causes of death, sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome) within the first 100 days. Twenty-two patients (61.1%) achieved complete response (CR), 8 (22.2%) partial response, and 2 (5.5%) no response. Two patients developed myelodysplastic syndrome after achieving CR. For all 36 patients, the probability of overall survival at 5 years was 27.3%. Median survival was 31 months (range, 0.3-81 months) in all patients and 42 months (range, 3.4-81 months) in those with CR. The probabilities of overall and disease-free survival at 5 years for the 22 patients who achieved CR were 43.6% and 15.7%, respectively. This high-dose chemotherapy regimen coupled with PBSC rescue is associated with a high CR rate and is capable of inducing long-term survival in a subset of heavily pretreated patients with primary resistant or recurrent MM.
BAROCLINIC VORTICITY PRODUCTION IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS. II. VORTEX GROWTH AND LONGEVITY

The factors affecting vortex growth in convectively stable protoplanetary disks are explored using numerical simulations of a two-dimensional anelastic-gas model that includes baroclinic vorticity production and radiative cooling. The baroclinic feedback, in which anomalous temperature gradients produce vorticity through the baroclinic term and vortices then reinforce these temperature gradients, is found to be an important process in the rate of growth of vortices in the disk. Factors that strengthen the baroclinic feedback include fast radiative cooling, high thermal diffusion, and large radial temperature gradients in the background temperature. When the baroclinic feedback is sufficiently strong, anticyclonic vortices form from initial random perturbations and maintain their strength for the duration of the simulation, for over 600 orbital periods. Based on both simulations and a simple vortex model, we find that the local angular momentum transport due to a single vortex may be inward or outward, depending on its orientation. The global angular momentum transport is highly variable in time and is sometimes negative and sometimes positive. This result is for an anelastic-gas model and does not include shocks that could affect angular momentum transport in a compressible-gas disk.
Fault tree safety analysis of a large Li/SOCl(sub)2 spacecraft battery

The results of the safety fault tree analysis on the eight module, 576 F cell Li/SOCl2 battery on the spacecraft and in the integration and test environment prior to launch on the ground are presented. The analysis showed that with the right combination of blocking diodes, electrical fuses, thermal fuses, thermal switches, cell balance, cell vents, and battery module vents the probability of a single cell or a 72 cell module exploding can be reduced to .000001, essentially the probability due to explosion for unexplained reasons.