cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bird communities of the Colorado Rocky Mountains along a gradient of exurban development

Most insights about the effects of residential development on wildlife are based on research from urban and suburban areas. Yet exurban development is an increasingly prevalent form of human settlement in many parts of the world. Moreover because such development often occurs near the periphery of protected areas, it may have a disproportionate influence on native species. We examined bird community patterns in the Rocky Mountains of north-central Colorado across a gradient of exurban development to determine how avifauna responded to this form of settlement. Using fixed-radius point counts, we surveyed the occurrence and abundance of breeding birds in 11 developed sites and in 6 nearby undeveloped sites, all occurring in a forested matrix. We sampled ground-level habitat features at each survey point and derived digital land-cover maps from aerial photographs to characterize and quantify road development and building density. We found little evidence that land-cover varied with development intensity, yet bird abundance increased significantly with building density. Patterns of species richness were equivocal due to a highly influential observation. Principal components analysis (PCA) distinguished two axes that explained nearly 50% of the variation in the bird community and were strongly associated with road and building density. Weighted average analysis showed a marked decline in the abundance and richness of species that were insectivorous or nested in snags, suggesting that reductions in dead wood may have influenced the bird community. However, no conclusions could be drawn because dead wood was confounded with building density. Logistic regression of species occurrence and building density indicated that the incidence of some generalist species increased with building density, whereas the incidence of specialists decreased. Overall, our results suggest that development at low densities can favor habitat generalists. Similar patterns have been observed in more urbanized areas. If exurban development persists as a popular form of settlement in the Rocky Mountains, a regional plan for protecting avian habitat and limiting development dispersion will be necessary to maintain native bird communities.
Ceramics in Total Joint Surgery: The Pros and Cons

The proper role of ceramic bearing surfaces in joint replacement continues to be a topic of concern despite 30 years of clinical application. The advantages and disadvantages of ceramic bearings result from their mechanical and material properties. Ceramics present the unique complication of fracture, which, despite three decades of technology, still is a concern for a variety of reasons. Wear data from properly implanted ceramic-on-ceramic hips is impressive although cross-linked polyethylene is competitive, when all factors are considered. Historical data are now available to support the use of ceramic bearings for hip replacement in a carefully selected patient–surgeon group. An additional group of patients who are hypersensitive to cobalt-chromium alloy constituents may benefit from ceramic-on-ceramic or ceramic-on-polyethylene bearings with titanium metal components.
Multi-object high-resolution echellette spectroscopy with IMACS

By adding a prism-cross-dispersed echellette grating as an optional module to the Inamori Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph (IMACS), complete spectra from 3400 to 11000a of 15 simultaneous objects may be achieved with a resolution of R = 21,000 for a projected 0.5-arcsec slit width and a 5.0-arcsec slit length. The additional cost of this module is on the order of $50,000. This echellette module (IMACS-E) is intended for studies of stellar abundances where the targets are sufficiently dense over the 15 arcmin IMACS field of view to take advantage of the multi-slit capability. Such applications include the study of Galactic bulge stars, stars in local group galaxies, stars in Galactic globular and open clusters, and the integrated light of extra-galactic globular cluster systems.
Haematological changes during development of acute laminitis hypertension.

Resume Une surcharge experimentale en hydrates de carbone fut provoquee sur 15 chevaux; elle engendra des changements hematologiques importants durant l'apparition d'un syndrome d'hypertension et de fourbure. Des changements significatifs dans l'hematocrite, dans la formule leucocytaire, dans la glycemie et la proteinemie se produisirent avant l'apparition d'une boite rie (de valeur 3 Obel) et avant l'apparition d'un etat circulatoire hypercinetique. Les plaquettes sanguines diminuerent 8 heures apres l'installation de la boiterie. Les constatations de cette etude indiquent une hemoconcentration due a un deplacement des liquides de l'organisme et une elevation leucocytaire importante avec un accroissemen des adrenoglucocorticoides et/ou des catecholamines en circulation. Zusammenfassung Die experimentelle Kohlenhydratuberfutterung von 15 Pferden bewirkte regelmassige haematologische Veranderungen wahrend der Entwicklung von Hufrehe/Hochdruck. Signifikante Veranderungen des Haematokrits, des Differentialblutbilds, der Serum-Glucose- und Protein-konzentrationen liessen sich beobachten vor dem Auftreten einer Lahmheit dritten Grades (Obel) und des hyperkinetischen zirkulatorischen Zustands. Die Thrombocytenzahlen sanken 8 Stunden nach dem Auftreten der schweren Lahmheit signifikant ab. Die Resultate dieser Studie weisen auf eine Haemokonzentration hin, die auf Flussigkeitsverschiebungen innerhalb der Kompartimente beruht, und auf eine leukocytare Stressantwort in Uebereinstimmung mit erhohten zirkulierenden Adreno-glucocorticoiden und/oder Katecholaminen. Summary Experimental carbohydrate overload of 15 horses resulted in consistent haematological changes during development of laminitis hypertension. Significant alterations in packed cell volume, leucocyte differential count, serum glucose levels and protein values occurred before onset of Obel grade 3 lameness and the hyperkinetic circulatory state. Blood platelets were significantly decreased 8 h after the onset of severe lameness. Findings in this study were indicative of haemoconcentration due to compartmental fluid shifts and a leucocytic stress response consistent with increased circulating adrenogluco-corticoids and/or catecholamines.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among College Student Victims of Acquaintance Assault

Summary Post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology was evaluated among 316 college women who reported coercive sexual experiences. History of victimization, attributions of blame, and current symptoms were assessed. Acquaintance assault victims reported significantly higher levels of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms than non-victims, and one-third exceeded criteria for clinical levels of distress. Situational variables, including the type of assault, were not associated with PTSD status or symptoms. Cognitive appraisals, however,'were significantly associated with PTSD symptomatology. Attributions of blame were all associated with PTSD status, with characterological self-blame also being associated with level of current symptomatology. The results document the negative psychological consequences of acquaintance assaults among college students and help to focus the efforts of treatment programs for acquaintance assault victims. In addition, the results highlight the importance of cognitive...
Subjectivity in a computer‐assisted synoptic climatology II: Relationships to surface climate

Earlier work has demonstrated that the results of a correlation-based (Kirchhofer) synoptic classification are dependent on the way that the internal parameters and data are used. In this study, varying classifications are compared to the climate at one location. The results show that associations between temperature and the synoptic patterns are usually physically interpretable and somewhat stable, whereas precipitation-synoptic type relationships are more difficult to explain and highly variable. We conclude that varying classifications do not produce equivalent synoptic climatologies. Furthermore, we know of no apparent objective or subjective means for determining a ‘best’ classification. Based on these findings, we discourage the use of correlation-based techniques in all but the most controlled situations.
Track join: distributed joins with minimal network traffic

Network communication is the slowest component of many operators in distributed parallel databases deployed for large-scale analytics. Whereas considerable work has focused on speeding up databases on modern hardware, communication reduction has received less attention. Existing parallel DBMSs rely on algorithms designed for disks with minor modifications for networks. A more complicated algorithm may burden the CPUs, but could avoid redundant transfers of tuples across the network. We introduce track join, a novel distributed join algorithm that minimizes network traffic by generating an optimal transfer schedule for each distinct join key. Track join extends the trade-off options between CPU and network. Our evaluation based on real and synthetic data shows that track join adapts to diverse cases and degrees of locality. Considering both network traffic and execution time, even with no locality, track join outperforms hash join on the most expensive queries of real workloads.
Current Status of Symptomatic Medical Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease

Symptomatic medical therapies for Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been disease modifying and have led to improvement in daily function, quality of life, and survival. For 40 years, these therapies have been primarily dopaminergic, and currently include the dopamine (DA) precursor levodopa (LD), DA agonists, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. The roles of all these classes of agents have evolved, with significant changes occurring since the early 2000s. This article reviews the current literature for each of these classes of drugs, with a focus on efficacy and place in the therapeutic scheme. Levodopa is no longer considered to be toxic and, thus, its early use is not only appropriate but recommended. Ergot agonists are no longer in use, and new agents administered in patch form or subcutaneous injections have been approved. The COMT inhibitor tolcapone, with its significant efficacy, has been reintroduced, and two new MAO inhibitors have been approved. Selected safety issues are discussed, including the incidence of melanoma in relation to LD; pathological gambling and DA agonists; hepatic toxicity of tolcapone; and the tyramine or so-called cheese reaction with MAO B inhibitors. The article closes with a discussion of future directions and new drugs under development.
Phosphorylation and ionic strength alter the LRAP-HAP interface in the N-terminus.

The conditions present during enamel crystallite development change dramatically as a function of time, including the pH, protein concentration, surface type, and ionic strength. In this work, we i...
Natural variation in DNA methylation in ribosomal RNA genes of Arabidopsis thaliana.

DNA methylation is an important biochemical mark that silences repetitive sequences, such as transposons, and reinforces epigenetic gene expression states. An important class of repetitive genes under epigenetic control in eukaryotic genomes encodes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcripts. The ribosomal genes coding for the 45S rRNA precursor of the three largest eukaryotic ribosomal RNAs (18S, 5.8S, and 25–28S) are found in nucleolus organizer regions (NORs), comprised of hundreds to thousands of repeats, only some of which are expressed in any given cell. An epigenetic switch, mediated by DNA methylation and histone modification, turns rRNA genes on and off. However, little is known about the mechanisms that specify and maintain the patterns of NOR DNA methylation. Here, we explored the extent of naturally-occurring variation in NOR DNA methylation among accessions of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. DNA methylation in coding regions of rRNA genes was positively correlated with copy number of 45S rRNA gene and DNA methylation in the intergenic spacer regions. We investigated the inheritance of NOR DNA methylation patterns in natural accessions with hypomethylated NORs in inter-strain crosses and defined three different categories of inheritance in F1 hybrids. In addition, subsequent analysis of F2 segregation for NOR DNA methylation patterns uncovered different patterns of inheritance. We also revealed that NOR DNA methylation in the Arabidopsis accession Bor-4 is influenced by the vim1-1 (variant in methylation 1-1) mutation, but the primary effect is specified by the NORs themselves. Our results indicate that the NORs themselves are the most significant determinants of natural variation in NOR DNA methylation. However, the inheritance of NOR DNA methylation suggests the operation of a diverse set of mechanisms, including inheritance of parental methylation patterns, reconfiguration of parental NOR DNA methylation, and the involvement of trans-acting modifiers.
Laser multiphoton processes in thin films: Non-linear photochemistry of organosilane polymers

Abstract Irradiation of organosilane polymers in the ultraviolet leads to photodegradation of the chain via a bond scission process. Here photodegradation by visible laser multi-quantum excitation is reported. The process is characterized by a sharp threshold at power densities of approximately 2.5 GW/cm 2 . The photochemistry of the system beyond this power density proceeds non-linearly leading to vaporization of the absorbing film and 100% bleaching of the ultraviolet absorption bands. Utilization of laser wavelengths whose two-photon energies are insufficient to access the ultraviolet system, produced no measurable photodecomposition.
Atmospheric Chloroform (CHCl3): ocean-air exchange and Global Mass Balance

Based on the observed global concentrations of chloroform (CHCl 3 ) in the air and seawater wedemonstrate that the tropical oceans are a source of chloroform to the atmosphere. Even thoughthe total yearly emissions of CHCl 3 , from the oceans are still uncertain, we estimate the flux to be 0.35 Tg yr -1 . Anthropogenic sources we estimate to be 0.25 Tg yr -1 . This result suggests thatatmospheric CHCl 3 , may be mostly natural in origin and not entirely man-made as previouslythought. The global burden of CHCl 3 , in the atmosphere is estimated to be about 0.33 Tg and itslifetime is about 6 months. Reaction with tropospheric OH radicals may explain most of theremoval of CHCI, from the atmosphere, but the likelihood of other removal mechanisms issuggested. An average concentration of about 25 ppt was observed at ground level, declining atabout 7% km-I with height. The ratio of northern hemisphere to southern hemisphere burden of CHCl 3 , is found to be about 1.6. A global mass balance model is used to show that these findingsare mutually consistent. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1983.tb00029.x
Increased synthesis of thromboxane A2 and expression of procoagulant activity by monocytes in response to arachidonic acid in diabetes mellitus

Thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) synthesis and expression of procoagulant activity (PCA) were investigated in mononuclear cells and monocytes prepared from a control and a Type 2 diabetic group. Monocytes from the diabetic group produced 2.10+/-0.81 ng of TXB(2)/5 x 10(5) monocytes compared to 1.26+/-0.43 ng/5 x 10(5) monocytes by the control group (P<0.01, n=11) when incubated in autologous plasma containing arachidonic acid (200 microg/ml). When monocytes were incubated in buffer containing arachidonic acid (20 microg/ml), cells from the diabetic group produced 1.65+/-0.68 ng of TXB(2)/5 x 10(5) monocytes compared to 1.07+/-0.31 ng/5 x 10(5) monocytes by the control group (P<0.02, n=12). Expression of PCA was examined in mononuclear cell preparations. Basal and maximally stimulated PCA with lipopolysaccharide (4.2 microg/ml) were not different between control and diabetic groups. However, arachidonic acid induced a four-fold (P<0.001) increase in PCA in the diabetic group. This activity was characterized as tissue factor. Increased synthesis of TXA(2) and expression of PCA may potentiate thrombosis and increase fibrin deposition, events that play primary roles in the development of vascular disease.
Nonlinear and Time-Varying Elements in Digital Simulation of Electromagnetic Transients

Simulation programs for electromagnetic transients must provide models for lightning arresters, transformer saturation, circuit breakers and other nonlinear and time-varying effects. This paper describes techniques for keeping the solution time in networks with such elements as low as possible, by using the compensation method or network equivalents.
Recommendations for Performing Internet-Based Research on Sensitive Subject Matter with "Hidden" or Difficult-to-Reach Populations

Since the mid-1990s, the rapidly increasing popularity of the Internet has contributed to a situation in which many men turn to Web sites to find sex partners with whom they can engage in risky behaviors. Scholars only recently began to examine the role of the Internet in harm-seeking and help-seeking behaviors. They are just now beginning to study and understand how to apply public health promotion principles to people using the Internet. Due in part to the relative newness of the Internet on the public health landscape, scholars wishing to conduct research or to implement health promotion programs online should consider a variety of challenges to doing such work-challenges that differ from those typically faced when undertaking similar work in other types of venues offline. The purpose of this article is to address several of these research considerations. In particular, the present authors wish to provide researchers and health care specialists with key considerations when developing their own Internet-based research or health promotion programs. We also wish to furbish readers with some experience-based suggestions about how to avoid the potential pitfalls of conducting Internet-based studies. Moreover, our emphasis is on how to develop such programs when they are targeting hard-to-reach or "hidden" populations and/or when they deal with sensitive subject matter. Recommendations pertaining to the planning, recruitment, implementation, and evaluation stages of doing professional work online are provided.
Deep inelastic scattering; Outlook and perspectives

I . Introduction While focusing on deep inelastic scattering this workshop had two somewhat separate concentrations (i) testing the electroweak theory and (ii) testing QCD at very large value; of Q2 and at very small values of x. In my remarks I shall concentrate on (ii) since that is the aspect of the workshop that I feel comfortable and competent to comment on . This talk is not intended to be a comprehensive review but rather personal impressions of the material in the workshop. There are really just three separate domains of QCD on which theorists now focus their attention . (i) QCD at distances on the order of 1 fm._ Here a is large and QCD condensates , . . . are important. This is the physics of the nonperturative QCD vacuum and its low lying excitations . Low energy hadronic physics, the bound
A spreadsheet method of estimating best-fit hydraulic gradients using head data from multiple wells.

Hydraulic gradients from planar water tables, or piezometric surfaces, and horizontal flow regimes can be quickly and conveniently calculated from data sets involving numerous wells. The matrix-solving functions of a modem spreadsheet program (Excel) were used to determine the equation of a water-table plane, Ax + By + Cz - D = 0, and the equation coefficients were then used to determine the magnitude of the hydraulic gradient, according to gradient = square root of A2 + B2/C2, and its direction, according to alpha = arctan B/A, where alpha is the angle measured from the x-axis. A pre-prepared Excel file constructed to handle data from up to 20 wells at once is available for free downloading at www.geo.ku.edu/hydro/KUHydro.html.
Bacterial Endophthalmitis Associated with Exposed Monofilament Sutures Following Corneal Transplantation

Three cases of bacterial endophthalmitis following corneal transplantation resulted from suture abscesses that were initiated by loose or broken exposed sutures. Histopathologic examination clearly demonstrated that the infection gained access to the anterior chamber by following a deeply placed suture that traversed the posterior wound gap at the donor-host interface. We believe that exposed sutures may lead to significant postoperative complications and must be carefully observed.
Algorithm and Parallel Implementation of Particle Filtering and its Use in Waveform-Agile Sensing

Sequential Monte Carlo particle filters (PFs) are useful for estimating nonlinear non-Gaussian dynamic system parameters. As these algorithms are recursive, their real-time implementation can be computationally complex. In this paper, we analyze the bottlenecks in existing parallel PF algorithms, and propose a new approach that integrates parallel PFs with independent Metropolis---Hastings (PPF-IMH) resampling algorithms to improve root mean-squared estimation error (RMSE) performance. We implement the new PPF-IMH algorithm on a Xilinx Virtex-5 field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. For a one-dimensional problem with 1,000 particles, the PPF-IMH architecture with four processing elements uses less than 5% of a Virtex-5 FPGA's resource and takes 5.85 μs for one iteration. We also incorporate waveform-agile tracking techniques into the PPF-IMH algorithm. We demonstrate a significant performance improvement when the waveform is adaptively designed at each time step with 6.84 μs FPGA processing time per iteration.
Innominate artery transection in the setting of a bovine arch.

in the literature that ectopic acromegaly is more often seen in women younger than 40 years. Unfortunately, the neuroendocrine tests cannot differentiate between ectopic GHRH secretion and pituitary adenoma. High GH plasma levels and excessive production of GHRH can be suggestive of ectopic secretion, with the exception of very rare cases of excessive GHRH of hypothalamic origin. The somatostatin receptor scintigraphy could have been an alternative diagnostic tool, but it was not performed in our case. In inoperable cases or incomplete operations, octreotide seems to be effective. Surgical excision of the bronchial carcinoid tumor leads to a rapid decrease of GHRH and to a benign clinical course, as is also mentioned in other reports.
General population and institutional elite support for social control of new religious movements: Evidence from national survey data

The cult controversy has now spanned two decades. New religious movements clearly have engendered considerable opposition, but there is relatively little information concerning the impact of the cult controversy on public opinion. This article reports on the results of a national survey of both the general public and institutional elites. Support for four specific forms of social control was assessed. The results indicate considerable support for controls among the general population but lower levels of support among institutional elites. The least support is observed for blocking publication of the Unification Church sponsored Washington Times and the greatest support is registered for prohibiting proselytization of teenagers by all new religious groups. The findings are helpful in interpreting the outcome of the cult controversy to date and suggest that the potential for redrawing church-state boundaries remains.
Effect of rhenium and osmium on mechanical properties of a 9Cr-2W-0.25V-0.07Ta-0.1C steel

Abstract The nuclear transmutation of tungsten to rhenium and osmium in a tungsten-containing steel irradiated in a fission or fusion reactor will change the chemical composition of the steel. To determine the possible consequences of such compositional changes on the mechanical properties, tensile and Charpy impact properties were measured on five 9Cr–2W–0.25V–0.07Ta–0.1C steels that contained different amounts of rhenium, osmium, and tungsten. The mechanical properties changes caused by these changes in composition were minor. Observations were also made on the effect of carbon concentration. The effect of carbon on tensile behavior was minor, but there was a large effect on Charpy properties. Several of the steels showed little effect of tempering temperature on the Charpy transition temperature, a behavior that was tentatively attributed to the low silicon and/or manganese concentration of the experimental steels.
Comparison of the results and reproducibility of arm and leg exercise tests in men with angina pectoris.

Abstract The results and reproducibility of arm and leg exercise tests were compared in 11 men with angina pectoris induced by both forms of testing. Leg testing was performed using a bicycle ergometer; arm testing was performed using the same apparatus modified to permit arm cranking. Subjects performed 2 days of arm and 2 days of leg testing over a 2 week period. Four tests were performed on each test day. The duration of exercise, oxygen uptake, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and the rate-pressure product were determined at the onset of angina. Within day and between day coefficients of variation were low and similar for arm and leg tests, indicating that both forms of testing are highly reproducible. Performing four tests on a single day did little to reduce variability. Oxygen uptake increased between the first and second arm or leg test on a single day, but there was little change after the second test. Repetition of the arm and leg tests did not affect performance over the study period. It is concluded that the reproducibility of arm exercise testing in men with angina pectoris is comparable with that of leg exercise. Subjects with angina induced by arm exercise who cannot perform leg testing can be evaluated and followed up with arm exercise tests.
Using Clustered Climate Regimes to Analyze and Compare Predictions from Fully Coupled General Circulation Models

Changes in Earth's climate in response to atmospheric green- house gas buildup impact the health of terrestrial ecosystems and the hydro- logic cycle. The environmental conditions influential to plant and animal life are often mapped as ecoregions, which are land areas having similar combi- nations of environmental characteristics. This idea is extended to establish regions of similarity with respect to climatic characteristics that evolve through time using a quantitative statistical clustering technique called Multivariate Spatio-Temporal Clustering (MSTC). MSTC was applied to the monthly time series output from a fully coupled general circulation model (GCM) called the Parallel Climate Model (PCM). Results from an ensemble of five 99-yr Busi-
Influence of cone design on the electron beam characteristics on clinical accelerators

Electron beam characteristics were investigated for different applicator cone designs. Low-energy scattered electrons from the cone housing can contribute to the skin dose. The depth dose was measured as a function of electron energies and field size for different cones. The measurements were compared with calculated 3-D dose distributions obtained from Monte-Carlo-derived energy deposition kernels [Phys. Med. Biol. 37, 391 (1992)]. This comparison shows that beam-defining cones can be fabricated to eliminate low-energy scattered electrons from the cone housing. Eliminating low-energy electrons from the cones provides depth dose (DD) characteristics for clinical electron beams that are comparable to those (1) from nearly monoenergetic electrons (as determined from the practical range of the electrons), and (2) for which the DD is nearly independent of source-to-skin distance. Measurements of DD for small circular fields were also performed. For very small field sizes, corresponding to the width of the lateral spread of a pencil beam, the theoretical and measured DD were found to depend on field size. Three-dimensional dose calculations of small and irregularly shaped electron fields are necessary to appreciate these effects.
Determination of copper by anodic stripping voltammetry: anomalous behavior in sea water

Abstract Repeated cycles of plating and stripping using a mercury-coated graphite electrode in raw sea water show increasing negative errors for copper while lead and cadmium are unaffected. This phenomenon, which is not observed in acidified sea water, is attributed to formation of electroinactive Cu(I) species on the electrode.
Adsorption and decomposition of H2S on the Ge(100) surface

The adsorption and decomposition of H 2 S on the Ge(100) surface is investigated. H 2 S is a simple sulfur containing molecule that eventually decomposes to yield hydrogen gas and deposits sulfur on the germanium surface. The surface reactions of H 2 S are investigated by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption. Room temperature exposure of H 2 S to Ge(100) results in dissociative adsorption which can be followed easily by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Warming the H 2 S exposed surface results in some molecular desorption and further decomposition of the adsorbed species. At saturation, 0.25 ML of H 2 S decomposes generating 0.5 ML of atomic hydrogen. Above the hydrogen desorption temperature some etching of the germanium surface is observed by sulfur. The etch product, GeS, is subsequently observed in temperature programmed desorption experiments. Exposure of H 2 S to the Ge surface at elevated temperatures leads to higher sulfur coverages. A sulfur coverage approaching 0.5 ML can be deposited at the higher exposure temperatures.
On-chip decoupling capacitor optimization using architectural level prediction

Switching activity-generated power-supply grid-noise presents a major obstacle to the reduction of supply voltage in future generation semiconductor technologies. A popular technique to counter this issue involves the usage of decoupling capacitors. This paper presents a novel design technique for sizing and placing on-chip decoupling capacitors based on activity signatures from the microarchitecture. Simulation of a typical processor workload (SPEC95) provides a realistic stimulation of microarchitecture elements that is coupled with a spatial power grid model. Evaluation of the proposed technique on typical microprocessor implementations (the Alpha 21264 and the Pentium II) indicates that this technique can produce up to a 30% improvement in maximum noise levels over a uniform decoupling capacitor placement strategy.
Interhemispheric projections of the parietal lobe in the rhesus monkey.

Abstract The interhemispheric connections of various parts of the parietal lobe have been studied with silver impregnation technique in the rhesus monkey. The areas in SI representing the hand and foot did not project to the opposite hemisphere whereas face, trunk and limb girdles did so and their projections were directed to the homotopical and non-homotopical areas. These non-homotopical projections formed an arch posterior to the projection-free hand and foot area presumably representing the dorsal aspect of the body from face to occiput and from thoracolumbar to sacral segment of trunk. Area SI also projected to opposite SII in topographic fashion. In turn, area SII sent projection to opposite SII and, very little elsewhere. The remaining parts of parietal lobe, i.e., rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule and the dorsal and medial parts of the superior parietal lobule projected to homotopical and non-homotopical areas adjacent to it. In addition, these areas projected to parietal operculum (SII) in topographic fashion. By contrast, the caudal part of the inferior parietal lobule projected to entirely different non-homotopical areas besides projecting to the homotopical region. This area projected to the caudal part of insular cortex, the caudal part of cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the superior temporal sulcus. Possible significance of these differential projections is discussed.
Insertion of electrode array using percutaneous cochlear implantation technique: a cadaveric study

Cochlear implantation is a surgical procedure for treating patients with hearing loss in which an electrode array is inserted into the cochlea. The traditional surgical approach requires drilling away a large portion of the bone behind the ear to provide anatomical reference and access to the cochlea. A minimally-invasive technique, called percutaneous cochlear implantation (PCI), has been proposed that involves drilling a linear path from the lateral skull to the cochlea avoiding vital structures and inserting the implant using that drilled path. The steps required to achieve PCI safely include: placing three bone-implanted markers surrounding the ear, obtaining a CT scan, planning a surgical path to the cochlea avoiding vital anatomy, designing and constructing a microstereotactic frame that mounts on the markers and constrains the drill to the planned path, affixing the frame on the markers, using it to drill to the cochlea, and inserting the electrode through the drilled path. We present in this paper a cadaveric study demonstrating the PCI technique on three temporal bone cadaveric specimens for inserting electrode array into the cochlea. A custom fixture, called a Microtable, which is a type of microstereotactic frame that can be constructed in less than five minutes, was fabricated for each specimen and used to reach the cochlea. The insertion was successfully performed on all three specimens. Postinsertion CT scans confirm the correct placement of the electrodes inside the cochlea without any damage to the facial nerve.
Calculation of thermal expansion of iron-aluminides with transition metal additives

The addition of transition metal elements can significantly modify physical properties of intermetalic compounds. We studied the influence of Molybdenum and Vanadium additives on thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of Fe3Al and FeAl over the wide range of temperatures. The site preference of both transition metals was determined by full-potential LMTO method within the grandcanonical formalism. At low temperatures CTEs were found directly from the FP-LMTO calculations by incorporating them into the Debye model of a solid. The obtained thermal expansion for pure Fe3Al and FeAl is within 10of its experimentally measured values. At high temperatures we performed Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations based on our many-body atomistic potentials. The parameters were fitted to reproduce the total energy of a crystal under various types of deformations obtained by FP-LMTO method and were tested with respect to different structures and vacancy formation energies. Our calculations show that addition of V decreases the CTEs of both iron-aluminides, while the addition of Mo makes Fe3Al DO3 structure unstable.
Object Models of Protection Devices in IEC 61850

The paper analyzes the functional hierarchy of modern multifunctional protection relays from the point of view of IEC 61850 and provides examples of the models of such devices. Requirements for grouping of functional elements in sub-functions are discussed. The use of high-speed peer-to-peer communications between different IEDs and the mapping of incoming and outgoing GOOSE messages to the protection device programmable scheme logic is described. Configuration tools and methods for functional testing of IEDs are discussed at the end of the paper
Financing Medical Education -- A Universal “Berry Plan” for Medical Students

In the wake of the Korean War, a controversy developed over the needs of the armed services for medical officers and the needs of hospitals for interns and residents. To satisfy both parties and be...
Kinetics and mechanism of oxygen atom transfer from methyl phenyl sulfoxide to triarylphosphines catalyzed by an oxorhenium(V) dimer.

An oxorhenium(V) dimer, {MeReO(mtp)}2, D, where mtpH2 is 2-(mercaptomethyl)thiophenol, catalyzes oxygen atom transfer reaction from methyl phenyl sulfoxide to triarylphosphines. Kinetic studies in benzene-d6 at 23 °C indicate that the reaction takes place through the formation of an adduct between D and sulfoxide. The equilibrium constants, KDL, for adduct formation were determined by spectrophotometric titration, and the values of KDL for MeS(O)C6H4-4-R were obtained as 14.1(2), 5.7(1), and 2.1(1) for R = Me, H, and Br, respectively. Following sulfoxide binding, oxygen atom transfer occurs with either internal or external nucleophilic assistance. Because {MeReO(mtp)}2 is a much more reactive catalyst than its monomerized form, MeReO(mtp)PPh3, loss of the active catalyst during the time course of the reaction must be taken into account as a part of the kinetic analysis. As it happens, sulfoxide catalyzes monomerization. Monomerization by triarylphosphines was also studied in the presence of sulfoxide, and...
Should trees have managerial standing? Toward stakeholder status for non-human nature

Most definitions of the concept of “stakeholder” include only human entities. This paper advances the argument that the non-human natural environment can be integrated into the stakeholder management concept. This argument includes the observations that the natural environment is finally becoming recognized as a vital component of the business environment, that the stakeholder concept is more than a human political/economic one, and that non-human nature currently is not adequately represented by other stakeholder groups. In addition, this paper asserts that any of several stakeholder management processes can readily include the natural environment as one or more stakeholders of organizations. Finally, the point is made that this integration would provide a more holistic, value-oriented, focused and strategic approach to stakeholder management, potentially benefitting both nature and organizations.
A model of fossil tooth and bone diagenesis: implications for paleodiet reconstruction from stable isotopes

Abstract Diagenesis of structural carbonate in biogenic apatite in the postmortem environment is modeled as a process of water-mineral interaction. Both closed- and open-system model calculations suggest that δ 13 C of structural carbonate in biogenic apatite is much more resistant to diagenetic modification than δ 18 O. Apatite structural carbonate retains an original δ 13 C signal in closed-system diagenesis. For open systems, δ 13 C of biogenic apatite with very low porosity, such as tooth enamel, can survive most diagenesis and retain a primary isotopic signature. On the hand, δ 18 O of structural carbonate in biogenic apatite may not be a reliable indicator of the original isotopic ratios, except in a diagenetic system with low temperature and very low water/biomineral ratio. Application of the model to teeth, and carbonate cement in sediments from the Badlands, South Dakota, illustrates that δ 13 C values of enamel samples preserve the original signal whereas δ 13 C values of dentine represent varying extents of diagenesis. δ 18 O values of fossil teeth may record an early or late part of their water-biomineral interaction history during diagenesis.
Effect of a stereospecific D2-dopamine agonist on acetylcholine concentration in corpus striatum of rat brain

The enantiomers of LY141865, trans-(±)-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9-octahydro-5-propyl-2H-pyrazolo [3,4-g]quinoline, were compared as dopamine D2 agonists by determining their abilities to elevate acetylcholine concentrations in rat corpus striatum. The levorotatory isomer, LY156258, increased striatal acetlycholine concentration at doses of 0.1–1 mg/kg i.p., whereas the dextrorotatory isomer had no effect even at doses as high as 30 mg/kg. The levorotatory isomer also decreased striatal concentrations of the dopamine metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid, but did not significantly alter dopamine or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration. The dextrorotatory isomer had no effect on any of these substances alone and did not alter the effects of the levorotatory isomer. The elevation of striatal acetylcholine levels by LY156258 was mimicked by pergolide, a dopamine agonist, and was totally prevented by pretreatment with haloperidol, a dopamine antagonist. The elevation of striatal acetylcholine concentration by LY157258 was maximal at 0.5 hour and declined thereafter, following a time course similar to that of pergolide. Neither LY141865 nor LY156258 shared with peroglide and dopamine the ability to activate striatal adenylate cyclasein vitro, an effect mediated by D1 receptors. LY141865 and LY156258 (but not the dextrorotatory isomer) inhibited the binding of tritiated apomorphine and spiperone to striatal membrane receptors, but were not as potent as pergolide, they also had less effect, or no effect, on the binding of other tritiated ligands (dopamine, WB4101, clonidine, dihydroalprenolol, pyrilamine or quinuclidinyl benzilate) to their membrane receptors. These results indicate that LY156258 stereospecifically activates dopamine D2 receptors and the studies are the first evidence of stereospecificity of dopamine receptors mediating an increase in striatal acetylcholine concentration.
Culture and the Sociology of Sexuality: It's Only Natural?

This article locates six themes in the overlap between the sociology of culture and the sociology of sexuality, highlighting both institutionalized and discursive forms of power. These themes include (1) works that develop or problematize economic metaphors in the study of sexuality; (2) studies of commercial sex that problematize cultural assumptions about sex, money, and morality; (3) explorations of “nonsexual”-seeming institutions, which can reproduce or challenge hierarchies of race and gender as they transmit sexual norms; (4) considerations of the sexual underpinnings of citizenship and personhood; (5) analyses of mass-mediated discourses of sexual personhood; and (6) critiques of sociology itself, as reproducing discursive power by neglecting to problematize certain assumptions about sexuality. The article ends by considering sociology's relationship to humanities-based queer theory, arguing that sociologists should bring analyses of emotions and feelings rules into our considerations of how peopl...
Preliminary Results of the 1964 Cruise of R.V. Chain to the Indian Ocean

Geophysical investigations of the northern Somali Basin and the Seychelles-Mauritius Ridge conducted aboard R.V. Chain of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution are described and some results presented. Gravitational and total magnetic fields and bathymetry were measured continuously, and continuous seismic reflexion profiles were recorded over a major portion of the track. Cores, dredge samples, heat flow measurements, and underwater photographs were also obtained. It is considered that the northern portion of the Somali Basin is a deep sedimentary basin partially enclosed to the east by a submarine ridge from which alkaline gabbro has been dredged and to the south by partially buried abyssal hills. On the evidence from seven crossings of the Seychelles-Mauritius Ridge, it is proposed that the Ridge comprises two sections. The northern section, composed of nearly horizontally stratified rocks, extends from near the northern part of Saya de Malha Bank to the Seychelles Platform. The southern section is a linear, probably volcanic ridge that extends from north of Mauritius through Saya de Malha Bank, and may continue as a subsurface feature to the northeast. The two sections abut near Saya de Malha Bank, forming a continuous topographic feature.
Continuous in Vitro Evolution of Catalytic Function

A population of RNA molecules that catalyze the template-directed ligation of RNA substrates was made to evolve in a continuous manner in the test tube. A simple serial transfer procedure was used to achieve approximately 300 successive rounds of catalysis and selective amplification in 52 hours. During this time, the population size was maintained against an overall dilution of 3 x 10(298). Both the catalytic rate and amplification rate of the RNAs improved substantially as a consequence of mutations that accumulated during the evolution process. Continuous in vitro evolution makes it possible to maintain laboratory "cultures" of catalytic molecules that can be perpetuated indefinitely.
Wheat response to interactive effects of boron and salinity

Abstract In semiarid regions with irrigated agriculture, excess boron (B) often occurs in association with moderate to high salinity. However, little information is available on plant uptake of B under saline conditions. This greenhouse study was conducted to determine the interactive effects of salinity and varying concentrations of boron on growth, yield and ion relations of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. ‘Yecora Rojo'). Plants were grown in sand cultures that were irrigated four times daily with modified Hoagland's nutrient solution. Sixteen treatments were initiated 4 d after planting in a completely randomized factorial experiment with 4 salinity levels (electrical conductivities of the irrigation waters=1.5, 4, 8, and 12 dS m−1) and 4 B concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 15 mg L−1). Salinizing salts were NaCl and CaCl2 (2:1 molar basis). Symptoms of B toxicity were closely correlated with B concentration in the leaves and injury became severe when leaf‐B exceeded 400 mg kg−1. At each concentration of e...
Development and Validation of an Index of Biotic Integrity for Coldwater Streams in Wisconsin

Abstract The index of biotic integrity (IBI). developed from information on the structure, composition, and functional organization of fish assemblages, is used to assess the health of aquatic ecosystems. We analyzed two large statewide data sets on stream fish assemblages to develop and test a version of the IBI for application to Wisconsin coldwater streams (maximum daily mean water temperature usually 24°C), for which an IBI already exists. High-quality coldwater streams have few species, with salmonids and cottids dominating. and lack many of the taxonomic groups that are important in high-quality warmwater streams. In contrast, high-quality warmwater streams have numerous species, and cyprinids, catostomids, centrarchids, and percids typically dominate. Environmental degradation often causes an increase in species richness in cold...
Algebraic connectivity analysis in molecular electronic structure theory II: total exponential formulation of second-quantised correlated methods

The fundamentality of the exponential representation of a second-quantised correlated wave function is emphasised with an accent on the physical sense of cluster amplitudes as cumulants of the correlated ansatz. Three main wave function formalisms, namely, the configuration-interaction theory, the coupled-cluster approach, and the many-body perturbation theory (as well as their extensions, e.g. the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster method, multireference schemes, etc.), are represented in an exponential form, leading to a formulation of the working equations in terms of cluster amplitudes. By expressing the corresponding many-body tensor equations in terms of cluster amplitudes, we could unambiguously check connectivity types and the asymptotic behaviour of all tensors/scalars involved (in the formal limit of an infinite number of correlated particles). In particular, the appearance of disconnected cluster amplitudes corresponds to unphysical correlations. Besides, we demonstrate that the equation-of-mot...
Max-infinitely divisible and max-stable sample continuous processes

Conditions for a process ζ on a compact metric spaceS to be simultaneously max-infinitely divisible and sample continuous are obtained. Although they fall short of a complete characterization of such processes, these conditions yield complete descriptions of the sample continuous non-degenerate max-stable processes onS and of the infinitely divisible non-void random compact subsets of a Banach space under the operation of convex hull of unions.