cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
African Swine Fever Virus Multigene Family 360 and 530 Genes Are Novel Macrophage Host Range Determinants

Pathogenic African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates primarily target cells of the mononuclear-phagocytic system in infected swine and replicate efficiently in primary macrophage cell cultures in vitro. ASFVs can, however, be adapted to grow in monkey cell lines. Characterization of two cell culture-adapted viruses, MS16 and BA71V, revealed that neither virus replicated in macrophage cell cultures. Cell viability experiments and ultrastructural analysis showed that infection with these viruses resulted in early macrophage cell death, which occurred prior to viral progeny production. Genomic cosmid clones from pathogenic ASFV isolate E70 were used in marker rescue experiments to identify sequences capable of restoring MS16 and BA71V growth in macrophage cell cultures. A cosmid clone representing a 38-kbp region at the left terminus of the genome completely restored the growth of both viruses. In subsequent fine-mapping experiments, an 11-kbp subclone from this region was sufficient for complete rescue of BA71V growth. Sequence analysis indicated that both MS16 and BA71V had significant deletions in the region containing members of multigene family 360 (MGF 360) and MGF530. Deletion of this same region from highly pathogenic ASFV isolate Pr4 significantly reduced viral growth in macrophage cell cultures. These findings indicate that ASFV MGF360 and MGF530 genes perform an essential macrophage host range function(s) that involves promotion of infected-cell survival.
Bacterial Quality of Recycled Wastewater Used for Flushing Holding Pens

Abstract In a study at the Clemson University LaMaster Dairy Center we examined the bacterial quality of recycled wastewater used to flush holding pens. Two 11,400-liter tanks were used, one containing recycled wastewater and another containing chlorinated city water. Each tank was used to flush a holding lot housing approximately 20 cows. Water samples were obtained from each holding tank and from three equidistant points along the flow of the flush water. Swabbings were collected at each of the three sampling points in each pen after water had drained. Each sample was cultured and enumerated for total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus sp., klebsiella, pseudomonas, and salmonella. All bacteria observed were in significantly greater numbers in the holding tanks of recycled wastewater as opposed to chlorinated city water. Only Staphylococcus aureus was in greater numbers in flushed, recycled wastewater than flushed, chlorinated city water. Few differences in bacteria counts were observed on surfaces flushed with recycled wastewater and with chlorinated city water.
New facets for the planar subgraph polytope

This study describes certain facet classes for the planar subgraph polytope. These facets are extensions of Kuratowski facets and are of the form 2x(U) + x(E(G)\U) d 2|U| + |E(G)\U| - 2 where the edge set U varies and can be empty. Two of the new types of facets complete the class of extended subdivision facets, explored by Junger and Mutzel. In addition, the other types of facets consist of a new class of facets for the polytope called 3-star subdivisions. It is also shown that the extended and 3-star subdivision facets are also equivalent to members of the class of facets with coefficients in {0, 1, 2} for the set covering polytope. Computational results displaying the effectiveness of the facets in a branch-and-cut scheme for the maximum planar subgraph problem are presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
AM Crosstalk in Unified Carrier Telemetry Systems

Under the unified carrier concept several anglemodulated subcarriers are combined and PM on an RF carrier. As a practical matter in a hardware system the angle-modulated subcarriers will contain a certain amount of amplitude ripple. Conceptually, a subcarrier with AM ripple can be viewed as a constant envelope subcarrier with a continuously varying modulation index. It follows that a continuous transfer of AM between the components in the unified carrier spectrum will occur due to the varying envelope (modulation index) of any data subcarrier. This paper discusses in some detail the problem of crosstalk transferred to the PM carrier from a single subcarrier which is biphase modulated with pulse-code modulation (PCM) data. The implications to carrier false lock and tracking are studied. Analytic and experimental results are presented.
Bacteremia Due to Bacteroides fragilis after Elective Appendectomy in Renal Transplant Recipients

Bacteremia caused by Bacteroides fragilis occurred in four of 75 children after renal transplantation, and B. fragilis was the most common cause of postoperative bacteremia. Bacteroides bacteremia was significantly associated with performance of elective appendectomy at the time of transplantation (P less than 0.01) and with profound lymphocytopenia (P = 0.01). No patient received antibiotics at the time of surgery or prior to the first positive blood culture, yet B. fragilis was the single organism isolated from blood and abscesses in these patients. A role for lymphocytes in containment of B. fragilis has not been suggested previously, although unexplained occurrence of bacteroides bacteremia in immunocompromised patients has occasionally been reported. Lymphocytes themselves may be important in this host-bacterium interaction, or lymphocytopenia may be the marker for a more generalized deficiency in host defenses.
A Survey of Issues in the MS/OR Field

Three decades of development in MS/OR have produced an extensive literature on issues in the field itself, such as, theory versus application, education, career paths, research, research topics, application guidelines and teamwork.
Mobility & routing control in networks of robots

Most coordinated tasks performed by teams of mobile robots, require reliable communications between the members of the team. Therefore, task accomplishment requires that robots navigate their environment with their collective movement restricted to formations that guarantee integrity of the communication network. Maintaining this communication capability induces physical constraints on trajectories but also requires determination of communication variables like routes and transmitted powers. The development of theory and algorithms for joint control of mobility and communications is therefore necessary to facilitate efficient design of mobile autonomous systems. In this paper we address this challenge using a hybrid approach, where continuous motion controllers based on potential fields interact with discrete optimization of the communication variables to result is a muti-robot network that deploys itself to accomplish certain tasks, while ensuring integrity of communications. Our definition of network integrity differs from existing approaches in that it is not based on the topology of the network but on metrics that are of interest to the performance of communication between robots and possibly a fixed infrastructure. In this paper, integrity is defined as the ability of a network to support desired communication rates.
High Resolution OFDM Channel Estimation with Low Speed ADC Using Compressive Sensing

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a technique that will prevail in the next generation wireless communication. Channel estimation is one of the key challenges in an OFDM system. In this paper, we formulate OFDM channel estimation as a compressive sensing problem, which takes advantage of the sparsity of the channel impulse response and reduces the number of probing measurements, which in turn reduces the ADC speed needed for channel estimation. Specifically, we propose sending out pilots with random phases in order to ``spread out" the sparse taps in the impulse response over the uniformly downsampled measurements at the low speed receiver ADC, so that the impulse response can still be recovered by sparse optimization. This contribution leads to high resolution channel estimation with low speed ADCs, distinguishing this paper from the existing attempts of OFDM channel estimation. We also propose a novel estimator that performs better than the commonly used $\ell_1$ minimization. Specifically, it significantly reduces estimation error by combing $\ell_1$ minimization with iterative support detection and limited-support least-squares. While letting the receiver ADC running at a speed as low as $1/16$ of the speed of the transmitter DAC, we simulated various numbers of multipaths and different measurement SNRs. The proposed system has channel estimation resolution as high as the system equipped with the high speed ADCs, and the proposed algorithm provides additional 6 dB gain for signal to noise ratio.
This Time It's Real: The End of Unipolarity and the Pax Americana

Before the Great Recession’s foreshocks in fall 2007, most American security studies scholars believed that unipolarity—and perforce American hegemony—would be enduring features of international politics far into the future. However, in the Great Recession’s aftermath, it is apparent that much has changed since 2007. Predictions of continuing unipolarity have been superseded by premonitions of American decline and geopolitical transformation. The Great Recession has had a two-fold impact. First, it highlighted the shift of global wealth—and power—from West to East, a trend illustrated by China’s breathtakingly rapid rise to great power status. Second, it has raised doubts about the robustness of US primacy’s economic and financial underpinnings. This article argues that the Aunipolar moment is over, and the Pax Americana—the era of American ascendancy in international politics that began in 1945—is fast winding down. This article challenges the conventional wisdom among International Relations ⁄ Security Studies scholars on three counts. First, it shows that contrary to the claims of unipolar stability theorists, the distribution of power in the international system no longer is unipolar. Second, this article revisits the 1980s’ debate about American decline and demonstrates that the Great Recession has vindicated the so-called declinists of that decade. Finally, this article takes on the Ainstitutional lock-in argument, which holds that by strengthening the Pax Americana’s legacy institutions, the United States can perpetuate the essential elements of the international order it constructed following World War II even as the material foundations of American primacy erode. Before the Great Recession’s foreshocks in the fall of 2007, most American security studies scholars believed that unipolarity—and perforce American hegemony—would be enduring features of international politics far into the future. Judging from some important recently published books and articles, many of them still do, the Great Recession notwith
Using a whole‐class token economy and coaching of teacher skills in a preschool classroom to manage disruptive behavior

The Level System is a whole-classroom approach for managing disruptive behavior that utilizes behavioral management strategies such as a token economy, response cost, stimulating rewards, and strategic attention. Using an ABACC′ treatment comparison design with follow-up, this study evaluated the effectiveness of the Level System in a preschool classroom compared to (a) strategies already employed by the teacher, and (b) coaching the teacher in the Child-Directed Interaction (CDI) and Parent-Directed Interaction (PDI) phases of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). Teacher- and parent-report measures were administered, and behavioral observation data were collected for child and teacher behavior using videotapes. Results suggested that the amount of inappropriate behavior exhibited by children decreased when the Level System was implemented. Additionally, inappropriate behavior decreased further during the CDI and PDI conditions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 351–361, 2004.
Jonathan Edwards: America's Evangelical – By Philip F. Gura

The study of Jonathan Edwards's thought has become a small industry. Yale's ongoing publication of his works has now reached twenty‐three volumes, including definitive editions of his major treatis...
A self-adaptive negative selection approach for anomaly detection

To date, negative selection algorithms that possess evolutionary features, for example, the NSMutation algorithm, require the optimal value of their strategy parameters, e.g., the mutation rate and the detector lifetime indicator, to be tuned manually. The labor required for this is too time consuming and impractical when manual trial and error is used to determine the values of the strategy parameters. A reasonable alternative is to let the evolutionary algorithm determine the settings itself by using self-adaptive techniques. This work presents an evolutionary negative selection algorithm for anomaly detection (nonstationary environments) that outperforms the NSMutation on benchmark tests by using self-adaptive techniques to mutate the mutation step size of the detectors.
A modular architecture for real time HDTV motion estimation with large search range

A modular architecture with random access on-chip local memory for real-time motion estimation has been proposed. The random access on-chip local memory with simple address generation has been proposed to overcome the irregular data flow of the three-step search BMA. This architecture features simple interconnection with low memory bandwidth and throughput rate as high as 1/N block per clock cycle for an N/spl times/N block with the search range of d/sub m/=N/2-1 pixels with 100% processor utilization. By using a method called pipeline interleaving, this architecture offers a feasible solution for the Grand Alliance HDTV picture format with large search range.
AFRICA, MIDDLE EAST, AND LATIN AMERICA Slaves, Freedmen, and Indentured Laborers in Colonial Mauritius. By Richard B. Allen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. xvii, 221. $64.95.

With this important collection of essays on the independent economic activities of slaves, freedmen, and indentured Indians in colonial Mauritius, Richard Allen takes the history of Mauritian labor well beyond the familiar themes of exploitation and resistance. This is careful economic history from below, with important implications for Mauritian social and cultural history. Allen's argument is that inhabitants of the vast bottoms of the social pyramidâ€”gens de couleur (free persons of color), ex-apprentices, and Indian immigrantsâ€”not only shaped their own destinies in difficult legal and social conditions, but that their independent choices profoundly influenced the insular economy as a whole. Through attention to subalterns' acquisition and management of land and capital, Allen sheds new light on key questions in Mauritian social history (especially the social â€œdisappearanceâ€ of the Afro-Mauritian population and the rise of Indian entrepreneurship in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries). As do all provocative and well-researched works, this one proposes solutions to old problems and allows us to ask new questions about the roles of Malagasy, Africans, Indians, and their descendants in Mauritian history.
Intrachannel collision of power law optical solitons

The intrachannel collision of optical solitons with power law nonlinearity is studied using the quasiparticle theory. The perturbation terms considered are the nonlinear gain and saturable amplifiers along with filters. The suppression of soliton-soliton interaction, in presence of these perturbation terms, is achieved. The numerical simulations support the quasiparticle theory.
Using a wavelet basis for a spectrally tunable phased array

Conventional phased array radars traditionally use digital filters that are adaptive in frequency on receive and use a fixed transmit pattern to illuminate their targets. Unfortunately such an approach does not take into consideration the spatial diversity of targets and interference sources that the phased array observes as it is electronically pointed throughout its search area. We propose a methodology that uses a wavelet filter bank to selectively transmit and receive radiation that is directionally dependent on the phased array's pointing direction. Such an approach allows us to illuminate with and receive radiation from targets in a way that is frequency selective depending on the pointing direction of the array and also more efficiently detect targets due to the compact spectral model produced by the wavelet filter bank.
Tris[2-(2-thienyl-methyl-amino)-eth-yl]ammonium triiodide.

In the title compound, C21H33N4S33+·3I−, three secondary amines are protonated, while the central amine remains unprotonated. One thio­phene is disordered with an occupancy ratio of 0.868 (6)/0.132 (6). Each protonated amine is involved in N—H⋯I hydrogen-bonding inter­actions with the iodide anions.
Serotonin as a putative scavenger of hypohalous acid in the brain.

Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders represent the culmination of numerous insults including oxidative stress. The long etiology of most of these disorders suggests that lessening the effects of one or more of the insults could significantly delay disease onset. Antioxidants have been tested as possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders, but with little success. Here we report that serotonin acts as a scavenger of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in the brain. Serotonin was shown to prevent the oxidation of 2-thio-5-nitrobenzoate by HOCl in a biphasic manner. The first phase was a partial scavenging that occurred at concentrations of serotonin that exceeded those of HOCl. 1H-NMR studies indicated that HOCl chlorinates both the aryl and akyl nitrogen atoms of serotonin. Thus, the oxidation of 2-thio-5-nitrobenzoate that occurred during the first phase of scavenging is likely due to the formation of serotonergic chloramines. A second phase of scavenging occurred at concentrations of HOCl that exceeded those of serotonin. Under these conditions, the chlorinated serotonin polymerized and formed inert aggregates. Serotonin was further shown to prevent the loss of cells and cellular α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity caused by HOCl. Extracellular concentrations of serotonin in the brain can be elevated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and suggests that such compounds could be used to increase the cerebral antioxidant capacity. Acute administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors to mice treated with endotoxin partially mitigated sickness behavior and protein chlorination in the brain. These observations suggest that serotonin may act to suppress chlorinative stress in the brain.
History of the National Association of Medical Examiners and its meetings, 1966-93.

Although the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) is now more than 25 years of age, no comprehensive history of its organization, meetings, and milestones has yet been published. lnfonnation must be gathered from many disparate sources, including records in the St. Louis office, program brochures from meetings, the personal memories of members, and the recent audiotapes of some conference presentations. To provide an introduction to and a historical perspective on NAME for newcomers to the field of forensic pathology and death investigation. and to furnish documentation that may be useful as a reference or for future NAME planning. I have attempted to summarize the first 25 years of NAME's existence. Since J have only been a NAME member for slightly more than a decade and therefore must rely heavily on administrative documents, program brochures, and information gleancq during the afterhours get-togethers with other members of our closely knit group, some important details may have been omitted or presented incorrectly in my account; if so, I apologize to those affected. I also concede that some of the editorial comments at the conclusion of this article may prove to be a source of contention for some readers; nevertheless. these comments reflect things as I perceive them. So, in the beginning ...
Integrating Adolescents and Young Adults into Adult-Centered Care for IBD

Planned healthcare transition, initiated in pediatric care, is a gradual process aimed at fostering the adolescent patient's disease knowledge and skills with the ultimate objective of preparing patients and families for adult-centered care. The process is critical in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) where there is an increased risk of non-adherence, hospitalizations, and emergency department use as young adult patients graduate from pediatric to adult-centered care. While evidence for healthcare transition in IBD is mounting, important gaps remain in the understanding of this process from the perspective of the adult gastroenterologist. This paper summarizes what is known about healthcare transition in IBD and explores the unanswered questions-a conceptual and methodological framework for transition interventions, relevant outcomes that define successful transition, and key stakeholder perspectives. For the adult gastroenterologist managing the young adult patient population, this paper presents the paradigm of "care integration"-a process of ongoing, multi-modality support for the patient, initiated in the adult care setting, with the goal of improving self-management skills and active participation in medical decision-making.
Control System for PZT Positioning based on PREISACH Model

The hysteresis of PZT is one of the factors that affacting PZT's positioning accuracy.The PZT is modeled with the Preisach model.A incomplete derivative PID control method is used in the experiment.By comparing the positioning error of this control method with other's,the paper proved that the incomplete derivative PID control method based on Preisach model hold good for high precise positioning of PZT.
Investigation on iodine nutrition status in Shangcheng district,Hangzhou

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutrition status in key population groups of Shangcheng district,Hangzhou city,and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of iodine deficient disease. Methods:A stratified random sampling method was used to select the subjects. About 200 primary school students aging 8-10 years old and 50 women during pregnancy or lactation were collected each year to monitor their iodine intake level.Results:The student families had a median(P25 ~ P75) of 26. 1(21. 7 ~ 30. 8) mg /kg edible salt iodine intake and a median(P25 ~ P75) of 181. 2(123. 1 ~ 256. 5) μg/L urine iodine. The median of salt iodine and urine iodine in the pregnant or lactating women were 26. 2(21. 9 ~ 30. 4) mg/kg and 104. 5(70. 6 ~ 164. 5) μg/L,respectively. Conclusion:The iodine nutrition status in key population of Shangcheng district,Hangzhou is overall good. However,there is some risk of iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women,therefore,guidance for iodine intake in this population should be concerned.
Thoughts of Clinic Practice Teaching for Pediatrics Undergraduates on Basic Hospital

To explain how to ensure and improve the quality of the clinical practice teaching for the clinical institutes,we expatiate on the practical experience in the hospital from enhancing the practice teaching management,improving the teaching consciousness,meliorating the teaching environment and reforming the method.
Analysis of the population for voluntary HIV counseling and testing in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2008-2010

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics and HIV infection status among the voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) outpatients in Xicheng District(northern region) of Beijing from 2008-2010.[Methods]All the cases of VCT outpatients in Xicheng District(northern region) from 2008 to 2010 were collected.The basic conditions,consultation reasons and the infectious status were studied with descriptive statistical analysis.[Results]A total of 2 561 people received the VCT services from 2008 to 2010 with the male-to-female ratio of 2.87∶ 1.2 491 people received the HIV testing,and male-to-female ratio was 2.86∶1.Most of the VCT outpatients were young adults aged 20-29 years,which account for 46.81% of detected patients.The positive rate of HIV antibody was 2.65%(66/2 491).The main consultation reason was non-marital heterosexual activities,which accounted for 39.58%.And people who have had homosexual behaviors account for 33.96%.[Conclusion]VCT clinic had great significance on HIV prevention and control.The related department should strengthen publicity of VCT related information,understand the epidemiological characteristics of AIDS in China,and carry out special prevention measures,so as to restrain HIV transmission.
Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease.

SUMMARY Gastroesophageal reflux is a recognized clinical problem in infancy. To a great extent it represents a normal behavior that improves with maturation. The identification of appropriate candidates for medical and surgical therapy of GER during infancy is difficult and deserves further study. There are few well-conducted clinical trials of therapy for infantile GER that compare the usual drugs used for adults with GER. Moreover, medications currently licensed for adults are often not approved for pediatric use in the United States. Surgical therapy for GER should be reserved for infants with severe disease that does not respond to medical therapy.
Is testing for growth hormone release necessary

The question of if testing for growth hormone release is necessary in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) is part of a greater debate. The question of what constitutes growth hormone deficiency (GHD) has become more controversial over the past few years. In some ways, the question has been replaced by the question, "Who will have a meaningful response to growth hormone (GH) therapy?" Since children with CRF generally respond to GH therapy, the question should be recast as, "When is testing for growth hormone release necessary in patients with CRF?" Why is the diagnosis of GHD important? A clear diagnosis of class GHD has many important implications for a patient. GHD is an easily treated cause of neonatal hypoglycemia. The diagnosis alerts the clinician to search for etiologies of GHD such as intracranial tumors and should stimulate a search for other pituitary deficiencies. Another important claim is that patients with classic GHD have a better long-term response to GH therapy. Children in other diagnostic categories, such as renal failure and Turner syndrome, also respond to GH therapy. Do diagnostic studies use to determine the function of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor (GH-IGF) axis help in the management of these children? Recently, experts have become increasingly interested in what constitutes a useful diagnostic test. To be a "good" diagnostic test, a procedure should have the following properties: (1.) have a rational connection to the disorder; (2.) good concordance with the diagnosis/outcome; (3.) accurate; and (4.) reproducible. Among tests that share these properties, the best test is generally the easiest and/or the least expensive. Many different tests can be used to evaluate the GH-IGF axis. These include GH stimulation tests, 24-hour GH profiles, IGF-I, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). High quality determinations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 can be used to evaluate the GH-IGF axis.
Ground beef quality at the retail level.

Samples of regular ground beef sold in supermarkets were examined for bacterial content and analyzed for fat, protein, and moisture, as well as cooking losses. The high and extremely variable bacterial populations reported warrant further study. Ranges of the other factors studied point both to the need for care in shopping by consumers and better information.
Birth Rates Among Hispanics and Non-Hispanics and their Representation in Contemporary Obstetric Clinical Trials.

Objective Our study aims were to establish whether subjects enrolled in current obstetric clinical trials proportionately reflects the contemporary representation of Hispanic ethnicities and their birth rates in the United States. Methods Using comprehensive source data over a defined interval (January 2011-September 2015) on birth rates by ethnicity from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we evaluated the proportional rate by ethnicity, then analyzed the observed to expected relative ratio of enrolled subjects. Results Hispanic women comprise a significant contribution to births in the United States (23% of all births). Systematic analysis of 90 published obstetric clinical trials showed a correlation between inclusion of Hispanic gravidae and the corresponding state's birth rates (r = 0.501, p < 0.001). While the mean was strongly correlated, individual clinical trials may have relatively over-enrolled (n = 31, or 34%) or under-enrolled (n = 33, or 37%) relative to their regional population. In 48% of obstetric clinical trials the Hispanic proportion of the study population was not reported. Conclusion Hispanic gravidae represent a significant number of contemporary U.S. births, and are generally adequately represented as obstetric subjects in clinical trials. However, this is trial-dependent, with significant trial-specific under- and over-enrollment of Hispanic subjects relative to the regional birth population.
Modeling of Contaminant Leaching

Publisher Summary This chapter presents various equilibrium-based geochemical modeling approaches that can be used for the analysis of the leaching of various species from contaminated media. The chapter focuses on two important processes that can chemically limit the concentration of the contaminant released or leached: dissolution/precipitation and adsorption. Geochemical modeling is usually approached in two ways: the time dependent or the equilibrium way. In chemical kinetic models, reaction-rate data are needed and time is a primary factor. However, in chemical equilibrium models, the reactions are assumed to take place in a very short period of time and the system is in equilibrium. The first step in forward modeling is the calculation of the equilibrium distribution of mass among complexes and redox couples. The goal of this step is to analyze the presence of possible minerals in the system that may control the release and concentration of certain contaminants. In this step, solid precipitation is suppressed, thereby allowing the calculation of the saturation indices (SI) of the water sample with respect to different mineral phases. At low concentrations, a substance can be unsaturated with respect to its minerals, in which case the dissolution/precipitation of minerals would not be the mechanism that controls the concentration of the substance. In such cases, the adsorption/desorption processes are more relevant. To characterize these processes, the chapter also proposes adsorption isotherm models that can be classified into high affinity, Langmuir, constant partition, and sigmoidal shape isotherm classes.
Bladder cancer: results of radical cystectomy for invasive and recurrent superficial tumors.

AbstractThe operative management of bladder carcinoma was reviewed retrospectively in 76 patients: 57 had muscle invasion and 19 had rapidly recurring or extensive superficial tumors requiring aggressive therapy. Of the patients 9 had been managed initially elsewhere with radiation treatment for cure and underwent salvage cystectomy at our institution. The results are discussed comparing patients receiving no radiation (11 of 20 alive) and 4,000 rad given preoperatively (11 of 20 alive), and patients with no muscle invasion but recurrent or extensive superficial tumors (14 of 19 alive).
Abstract 4887: DNA repair mutations are associated with mutational burden and T-cell activation signature in lung adenocarcinoma

DNA repair deficiencies have been linked to the generation of immunogenic neo-antigens and increased efficacy of immunotherapies. To determine the impact of mutations in DNA repair genes, specifically those involved in homologous recombination (HR) and mismatch repair (MMR), on infiltrating immune cells in lung adenocarcinoma, we analyzed the expression of “immune metagenes” linked to specific cell types (Angelova et al. 2015) utilizing RNAseq values from TCGA (515 patients, 230 sequenced). Tumors infiltrated by activated CD4 and CD8, all combined T cells, and all combined cell types contained a higher somatic mutation count, while tumors infiltrated by Th17, NK56 bright, and mast cells were linked to lower mutation count (Table 1, * = p Our characterization revealed significant links between DNA repair deficiencies, mutational burden, and tumor infiltration by activated T cells, thereby identifying potential biomarkers to aid in patient selection for immunotherapy. [J.A. and Y.C. contributed equally to this work.] Citation Format: Young Kwang Chae, Jonathan F. Anker, Massimo Cristofanilli, Aparna Kalyan, Jason Kaplan, Sunandana Chandra, Benedito Carneiro, Maria Matsangou, Cesar Santa-Maria, Francis Giles. DNA repair mutations are associated with mutational burden and T-cell activation signature in lung adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4887.
The good, the bad, and the ugly: uncovering novel research opportunities in social media mining

Big data is ubiquitous and can only become bigger, which challenges traditional data mining and machine learning methods. Social media is a new source of data that is significantly different from conventional ones. Social media data are mostly user-generated, and are big, linked, and heterogeneous. We present the good, the bad and the ugly associated with the multi-faceted social media data and exemplify the importance of some original problems with real-world examples. We discuss bias in social media data, evaluation dilemma, data reduction, inferring invisible information, and big-data paradox. We illuminate new opportunities of developing novel algorithms and tools for data science. In our endeavor of employing the good to tame the bad with the help of the ugly, we deepen the understanding of ever growing and continuously evolving data and create innovative solutions with interdisciplinary and collaborative research of data science.
Selecting an Intraocular Lens Power

Once the decision has been made to operate on a child with a congenital cataract, a choice must be made about the optimal mode for correction of aphakia. Options include contact lens correction of aphakia, aphakic spectacle correction, and primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Factors that should be considered include the age of the patient, whether the cataract is unilateral or bilateral, and whether the eye, the child, and the family are good candidates with regard to each mode of correction. Eyes with microcornea (<9 mm), microphthalmia, or pre-existing conditions such as glaucoma or uveitis are not good candidates for IOL implantation. The ability of a child or family to tolerate contact lenses or spectacles should be considered, and while infants with bilateral cataracts tend to do well with all options, interocular competition makes rehabilitation challenging in unilateral cases. Often a combination of refractive strategies is employed, as infants undergoing very early surgery may have initial correction of aphakia via contact lenses or aphakic spectacles with later secondary IOL implantation, and older infants and children typically do well with primary IOL implantation.
Epigenetic Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease: From Diagnostics to Therapeutics

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative illness that is often diagnosed after significant pathology and neuronal cell loss has occurred. Biomarkers of PD are greatly needed for early diagnosis, as well as for the prediction of disease progression and treatment outcome. In this regard, the epigenome, which is partially dynamic, holds considerable promise for the development of molecular biomarkers for PD. Epigenetic marks are modified by both DNA sequence and environmental factors associated with PD, and such marks could serve as a unifying predictor of at-risk individuals. Epigenetic abnormalities have been detected in PD and other age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, some of which were reported to occur early on and were reversible by PD medications. Emerging reports indicate that certain epigenetic differences observed in the PD brain are detectable in more easily accessible tissues. In this review, we examine epigenetic-based strategies for the development of PD biomarkers. Despite the complexities and challenges faced, the epigenome offers a new source of biomarkers with potential etiological relevance to PD, and may expand opportunities for personalized therapies.
Examining the Effects of Exposure to Religion in the Workplace on Perceptions of Religious Discrimination

Charges of religion-related employment discrimination have doubled in the past decade. Multiple factors are likely contributing to this trend, such as the increased religious diversity of the US population and the increased interest of employees and some employers in bringing religion to work. Using national survey data we examine how the presence of religion in the workplace affects an individual’s perception of religious discrimination and how this effect varies by the religious tradition of the individual. We find that the more an individual reports that religion comes up at work, the more likely it is that the individual will perceive religious discrimination. This effect remains even after taking into account the individual’s own religious tradition, religiosity, and frequency of talking to others about religion. This effect is stronger, however, for Catholics, Mainline Protestants, and for the religiously unaffiliated. In workplaces where religion is said to never come up these groups are among the least likely to perceive religious discrimination. Jews, Muslims, Hindus, and Evangelical Protestants are more likely to perceive religious discrimination in the workplace even if they say that religion never comes up at work, which makes the effect of exposure to religion in the workplace weaker for these groups. These results show that keeping religion out of the workplace will largely eliminate perceptions of religious discrimination for some groups, but for other groups the perceptions will remain.
LSC Abstract – Rhinovirus infection induces NRF2 in monocytes but not in epithelial cells, via distinct intracellular pathways

Rhinoviruses are a major driver of the reduced lung function seen during exacerbations in a number of airway diseases including asthma and COPD. Viral infection is associated with increased inflammation in the lungs and increased oxidative stress in the airways. Monocyte and epithelial cells lines (THP-1 and BEAS2B respectively) were infected with rhinovirus strain RV16. Infection of both cell lines resulted in increased inflammation however, the oxidative stress responses were different. Infection of epithelial cells resulted in increased intracellular ROS whereas infection of monocytes decreased intracellular ROS. Infected BEAS2B cells showed decreased antioxidant capacity compared to that seen in THP-1 cells. In particular, infection of THP-1 cells increased expression of the antioxidant geneNRF2and reduced NOS2 and NOS3 gene expression. Using a pharmacological approach we demonstrated that RV16-induced inflammation and NRF2 expression was ERK/JNK-dependent in THP-1 cells, whereas, RV16-induced inflammation in BEAS-2B cells was p38 MAPK- and NF-κB-dependent. Whilst both monocytes and epithelial cells show similar RV-16-induced inflammatory responses, these cells show different oxidative stress responses to infection and the responses to infection are driven by distinct intracellular signalling pathways.
Can the supersymmetric flavor problem be solved by decoupling

It has been argued that the squarks and sleptons of the first and second generations can be relatively heavy without destabilizing the weak scale, thereby improving the situation with too-large flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) and $\mathrm{CP}$-violating processes. In theories where the soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters are generated at a high scale (such as the Planck scale), we show that such a mass spectrum tends to drive the scalar top quark mass squared ${m}_{{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{Q}}_{3}}^{2}$ negative from two-loop renormalization group evolution. Even ignoring $\mathrm{CP}$ violation and allowing $O(\ensuremath{\lambda})\ensuremath{\sim}0.22$ alignment, the first two generation scalars must be heavier than 22 TeV to suppress FCNCs. This in turn requires the boundary condition on ${m}_{{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{Q}}_{3}}g4$ TeV to avoid negative ${m}_{{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{Q}}_{3}}^{2}$ at the weak scale. Some of the models in the literature employing the anomalous U(1) in string theory are excluded by our analysis.
Concept Inventing: A Humanbecoming Perspective on Feeling Ashamed:

The author in this manuscript presents a humanbecoming concept inventing of feeling ashamed. It includes a literature review across several disciplines, an exploration of various art forms, discussions with others, and thoughtful contemplation that brings together a creative synthetic definition of feeling ashamed.
The Long Shadow of Caregiving

Caregiving seems to be a great bargain for old people, not to mention that it is probably a key to the survival of the human species. In this chapter, I visit a population in which young people give care to old people. I note that caregiving has a long shadow: Grow it a bit today, and we won’t walk out of its shadow for a much longer while. For example, a decline of death rate of the old people from 5 to 4% today will result in a rise of the caregiving burden from 0.4 to 0.5 old persons per young person. This climb will take 126 years.
Greenhouse gas emissions, total food spending and diet quality by share of household food spending on red meat: results from a nationally representative sample of US households.

Objective To determine if US household food purchases with lower levels of red meat spending generate lower life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), greater nutritional quality and improved alignment with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Affordability of purchasing patterns by red meat spending levels was also assessed. Design Household food purchase and acquisition data were linked to an environmentally extended input-output life-cycle assessment model to calculate food GHGE. Households (n 4706) were assigned to quintiles by the share of weekly food spending on red meat. Average weekly kilojoule-adjusted GHGE, total food spending, nutrients purchased and 2010 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) were evaluated using ANOVA and linear regression. Setting USA.ParticipantsHouseholds participating in the 2012-2013 National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey. Results There was substantial variation in the share of the household food budget spent on red meat and total spending on red meat. The association between red meat spending share and total food spending was mixed. Lower red meat spending share was mostly advantageous from a nutritional perspective. Average GHGE were significantly lower and HEI-2010 scores were significantly higher for households spending the least on red meat as a share of total food spending. Conclusions Only very low levels of red meat spending as a share of total food spending had advantages for food affordability, lower GHGE, nutrients purchased and diet quality. Further studies assessing changes in GHGE and other environmental burdens, using more sophisticated analytical techniques and accounting for substitution towards non-red meat animal proteins, are needed.
Remediation of Lead-Contaminated Soil, Using Clean Energy in Combination with Electro-Kinetic Methods

The present study aims at investigating the feasibility of using solar energy as a power source to run electro-kinetic remediation in order to clean-up lead from three types of Iraqi soil. In order to do so, it carries out six tests with enhancement conditions, involving pH control and injection wells. Conducted in the city of Baghdad, Iraq, the experiment, is divided into two groups so that the effect of applying continuous and constant voltage from solar panels study, by means of charge control and battery along with non-continuous and non-constant DC voltage from solar panel could be studied. The DC voltage has been generated by two Solar panels, each with a maximum voltage of 17 volts. All experiments have commenced in March 2017, wherein the soil has been contaminated with a concentration of Pb, equal to 1500 mg/kg as well as initial moisture content equal to 30%. The remediation lasts for seven days, with a potential gradient of about 1.2 V/cm. At the end, the experimental results show that the overall removal efficiencies of 90.7%, 63.3%, and 42.8% have been achieved for sandy, sandy loam, and silty loam soils, respectively, when using solar panels with charge control and battery.
Studies on Manganese Deficiency in the Rat

Summary Pronounced manganese deficiency in the rat has been produced by use of rats weaned without access to manganese. This deficiency resulted in definitely impaired growth in the male and the female rat. In the manganese-deficient female rat estrous cycles were irregular or absent, and there was a marked delay in the opening of the vaginal orifice. A manganese deficiency in the male rat caused testicular degeneration and complete sterility due to lack of spermatozoa production. Both male and female manganese-deficient rats were unable to reproduce. No histological abnormalities were detected in the adrenal, kidney, pituitary, and thyroid of the manganese-deficient rat. The deficiency did not result in reduced ascorbic acid content of tissues, nor did ascorbic acid stimulate the growth of the manganese-deficient rat. Synthesis of ascorbic acid from mannose by rat liver and other tissues in vitro could not be obtained with or without added manganese. A reduced arginase concentration in the liver of the manganese-deficient rat was found. There were no essential differences in the activity of the intestinal dipeptidases studied.
CORONARY PERFUSION PRESSURE GRADIENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED HEART FAILURE

Myocardial perfusion is an important determinant of cardiac function. We hypothesized that low coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) is associated with adverse outcomes in heart failure Outcomes in patients with complete hemodynamic data in the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary