cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P2-07-02: IGF1R/FAK crosstalk is essential for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion of TNBC cells

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are highly metastatic and deadly tumors that currently lack effective prevention and treatment options. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) both play a role in several developmental processes, and both IGF1R and FAK signaling pathways have been linked to a number of common pathological diseases, including breast cancers. In particular, overexpression of IGF1R and FAK are closely associated with metastatic breast tumors. However, the relationship between the IGF1R and FAK signaling cascades in metastatic TNBCs remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the interrelationship between IGF1R and FAK crosstalk in regulating the malignant properties of TNBC cells. Using stable small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated IGF1R silencing and stable full-length IGF1R plasmid over-expression methods, we demonstrated that IGF1R was essential for maintaining mesenchymal morphologies of TNBC and regulating the expression of EMT markers, including vimentin, ZEB-1, Snail-1, E-cadherin, ZO-1, and claudin-1. Using colony formation, spheroid migration, and Matrigel invasion assays, we further showed that IGF1R promoted migratory and invasive TNBC phenotypes, including increased colony formation, cell migration, and invasion. Most importantly, IGF1R-mediated migration and invasion required FAK activation and could be augmented using pharmacological inhibitors of FAK. Our findings in TNBC cells demonstrate a novel role of the IGF1R/FAK signaling pathway in regulating critical processes involved in the metastatic cascade. These results may improve the current understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms of TNBC metastasis and provide a strong rationale for co-targeting of IGF1R and FAK as therapy for mesenchymal TNBCs. Citation Format: LaTonia D Taliaferro-Smith, Elaine Oberlick, Tongrui Liu, Tanisha Z McGlothen, Ruth O9Regan. IGF1R/FAK crosstalk is essential for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion of TNBC cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-07-02.
Microbial degradation of s -triazine herbicides

Biodegradation is a significant factor affecting the residual life and toxicity of many pesticides1 in soils. Soil microorganisms may act upon a pesticide in several ways. One mechanism may involve degradation with ultimate detoxication and/or metabolism of the pesticide, whereas another mechanism may involve the activation or toxication of an initially nontoxic pesticide molecule. Still another mechanism may involve the transformation of a toxic molecule into a product which exerts some beneficial influence upon higher plants, soil fauna, or microorganisms. Such reactions have been observed during the microbial degradation of a number of pesticides. Because of the public health and environmental significance of pesticides and their residues, a thorough understanding of the chemical, physical, and microbial forces acting upon these chemicals is important. The purpose of this review is to discuss the parameters involved in the microbial degradation of s-triazine herbicides.
Ceftriaxone‐induced acute hemolytic anemia

A 7-year-old Caribbean-American boy with a 5-month history of hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis and previous ceftriaxone exposure presented with fever. He was empirically given amikacin and ceftriaxone after 1:00 PM on Day 1 and acutely developed back and abdominal pain, vomiting, hematuria, and hypotension. Both plasma (see figure, top panel) and urine showed hemolysis. The peripheral blood smear showed diffuse agglutination of RBCs without schistocytes (see figure, lower left). Serum LDH was elevated (1787 U/L); urine was negative for myoglobin. The patient's Hb dropped from 11.7 to 4.4 g/dL in 32 hours. The symptoms, hemolysis, and agglutination resolved (see figure, lower right) with discontinuation of ceftriaxone and two double-volume whole blood exchange transfusions. Immunohematology studies demonstrated a positive DAT due to C3 only, and serologic drug studies were positive with ceftriaxone, but not with amikacin. The RBC agglutination seen on peripheral smear was most likely due to drug/antidrug immune complexes, a theory supported by the finding of IgM ceftriaxone-dependent antibodies (titer = 32) at presentation. The titer decreased to 8 on Day 2 and to 0 by Day 5, suggesting that the antibody was consumed by the RBCs and/or removed by treatment. Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIHA) due to ceftriaxone-dependent antibodies is uncommon, but well described. The majority of documented cases have occurred in children with a history of exposure to ceftriaxone. Autoagglutination may be a feature of DIHA due to ceftriaxone. It is important to recognize and treat DIHA early, since it can be fatal, but is reversible with treatment.
Exposure of Santa Cruz Wharf Anglers to Domoic Acid Toxins

The goals of this pilot project were to determine the extent of the public health threat posed by pier anglers’ consumption of self-caught seafood containing domoic acid (DA), and to lay the foundation for further research, education and outreach to address the threat. Year 1 project objectives were to: 1) design, test and initiate an intercept survey of SCW anglers to identify and characterize their seafood consumption patterns; and 2) determine the concentrations of HAB toxins in the species targeted by SCW anglers, while monitoring ambient DA toxins and toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species in the SCW area and at a more open-water site. Year 2 project objectives were to: 1) determine whether a quantitative link exists between toxic phytoplankton in the water and DA contamination of commonly caught fish at the SCW; 2) determine the relationship between SCW anglers’ seafood consumption patterns and their socio-cultural and economic characteristics; 3) identify subpopulations of SCW anglers whose seafood consumption patterns put them at risk for exposure to DA; and 4) work with state agencies and other interested parties to determine how best to export these results to support their efforts to protect public health.
Oxidative Decomposition of Methanol on Subnanometer Palladium Clusters: The Effect of Catalyst Size and Support Composition

Size and support effects in the oxidative decomposition of methanol on amorphous alumina supported subnanometer palladium clusters were studied under realistic reaction conditions of pressure and temperature. The smaller Pd8−12 clusters were found to promote the decomposition channel to CO and hydrogen, however with mediocre activity due to poisoning. The larger Pd15−18 clusters preferentially produce dimethyl ether and formaldehyde, without signs of posioning. A thin titania overcoat applied on the Pd15−18 improves the sintering-resistance of the catalyst. Accompanying density functional calculations confirm the posioning of small Pd clusters by CO.
Dealing with dates: solutions for the Year 2000

The Year 2000 problem is real, though we still don't have a true sense of how extensive it really is. Studies to define the scope of the problem and the costs to fix it have produced widely varying results, causing confusion and concern. It has caught the media's attention and the public's imagination, and it has stimulated aggressive vendor response. Approaches for resolving the problem and managing the risks have tended to focus on how particular tools and vendors can help. The author first discusses the concepts, terminology, and individual aspects of a Y2K effort, then defines a process that an organization can use to address its own Y2K challenge in a forthright and level-headed manner.
The Case for a Hierarchical System Model for Linux Clusters

The computer industry today is no longer driven, as it was in the 40s, 50s and 60s, by High-performance computing requirements. Rather, HPC systems, especially Leadership class systems, sit on top of a pyramid investment mode. Figure 1 shows a representative pyramid investment model for systems hardware. At the base of the pyramid is the huge investment (order 10s of Billions of US Dollars per year) in semiconductor fabrication and process technologies. These costs, which are approximately doubling with every generation, are funded from investments multiple markets: enterprise, desktops, games, embedded and specialized devices. Over and above these base technology investments are investments for critical technology elements such as microprocessor, chipsets and memory ASIC components. Investments for these components are spread across the same markets as the base semiconductor processes investments. These second tier investments are approximately half the size of the lower level of the pyramid. The next technology investment layer up, tier 3, is more focused on scalable computing systems such as those needed for HPC and other markets. These tier 3 technology elements include networking (SAN, WAN and LAN), interconnects and large scalable SMP designs. Above these is tier 4 are relatively small investments necessary to buildmore » very large, scalable systems high-end or Leadership class systems. Primary among these are the specialized network designs of vertically integrated systems, etc.« less
Tumors of the shoulder girdle: A review of 194 cases

The upper extremity is the third most common site of primary bone and soft-tissue tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine the types and prevalence of bone and soft-tissue tumors that occur in the shoulder girdle and to identify physical findings that may be indicative of malignancy. This is a retrospective review of 194 consecutive neoplasms of the shoulder girdle seen by the senior author from 1996 through 2000. Benign tumors (n = 139) were more common than malignant tumors (n = 55). The presence of pain and the presence of mass were not risk factors for malignancy ( P = .41 and P = .16, respectively). Malignant tumors occurred in an older population ( P P = .0002 and P = .0001, respectively). In summary, we have identified 3 variables that were found to be associated with malignancy in the shoulder girdle: older age, tenderness on palpation, and a lesion in the scapula.
From outdated to updated, keeping clinical guidelines valid

Evidence-based clinical guidelines use summaries of critically appraised, current evidence to provide readily available recommendations for clinical decision-making. When clinicians use evidence-based guidelines, patient outcomes improve, personnel have more positive attitudes, and organizations use resources more efficiently [1]. Because new evidence accumulates rapidly, guideline evaluators agree that guidelines need to be periodically updated [2–4]. The terms ‘valid’ and ‘up to date’ are used interchangeably to mean that a guideline includes all relevant, recent, valid evidence and reflects current clinician’s experience as well as patient values and preferences. Possible consequences of using out-of-date guidelines include a clinician’s use of diagnostic studies or treatments that do not provide the best-known outcomes. The scenario one seeks to avoid is harm or unnecessary suffering, hardship, or risk exposure experienced by patients. Although guideline evaluators agree that periodic revision is important, 9 of 18 guideline organizations reported that they lack formal procedures for keeping their guidelines up to date [5]. This observation suggests that effective programs for assuring guideline validity may be important but are challenging to achieve. To better understand the context, implications, and range of institutional experiences for keeping guidelines up to date, a systematic electronic search …
Human aldolase B serum levels: a marker of liver injury.

A solid-phase, noncompetitive radioimmunoassay has been developed for aldolase B in human serum and tissues. Aldolase B was purified from human liver, and specific antisera to purified aldolase B were obtained from chickens. Specific antihuman aldolase B IgG was purified by affinity chromatography. Disposable polypropylene plates were coated with affinity purified specific IgG antibody and used for radioimmunoassay with 125I-specific IgG antibody to aldolase B. The nonspecific binding was minimized by saturating the binding sites of the plates with 2% ovalbumin in 0.1% Tween 20. This radioimmunoassay is specific for the aldolase B subunit, with no cross-reactivity with human aldolase A or aldolase C subunits. Aldolase B is predominantly found in normal liver. Relatively high aldolase B levels are also observed in kidney. Serum levels of aldolase B in 21 normal subjects ranged from 21 to 39 ng per ml, with a mean of 28.7 +/- 8.6 (2 S.D.) ng per ml. Forty of 42 (95%) patients with acute and chronic hepatitis without cirrhosis had serum aldolase B levels greater than 40 ng per ml. Serum aldolase B levels correlated well with total serum aldolase enzyme activities (r = 0.967) and SGPT (r = 0.951) in patients with liver diseases. In cancer patients, serum aldolase B was slightly elevated in 15 of 26 (58%) patients with cancer metastatic to the liver or primary liver cell carcinoma, whereas no elevation of serum aldolase B was observed in 16 cancer patients without liver metastasis. Measurements of aldolase B serum levels by radioimmunoassay appear to be a useful measure of liver cell necrosis from benign or malignant liver diseases.
Engineering Correlation Effects via Artificially Designed Oxide Superlattices

Ab initio calculations are used to predict that a superlattice composed of layers of ${\mathrm{LaTiO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{LaNiO}}_{3}$ alternating along the [001] direction is a $S=1$ Mott insulator with large magnetic moments on the Ni sites, negligible moments on the Ti sites and a charge transfer gap set by the energy difference between Ni $d$ and Ti $d$ states, distinct from conventional Mott insulators. Correlation effects are enhanced on the Ni sites via filling the oxygen $p$ states and reducing the Ni-O-Ni bond angle. Small hole (electron) doping of the superlattice leads to a two-dimensional single-band situation with holes (electrons) residing on the Ni ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ (Ti ${d}_{xy}$) orbital and coupled to antiferromagnetically correlated spins in the ${\mathrm{NiO}}_{2}$ layer.
Outcome of hydronephrosis diagnosed antenatally

We evaluated 23 neonates with prenatally diagnosed dilatation of the renal pelvis involving 33 renal units. The dilatation was graded from 0 to 4 by ultrasonography. Diuresis renography was used to evaluate differential renal function. The patterns of the excretory curve following administration of furosemide were analyzed. Antegrade pyelography and pressure flow studies were done in selected patients. The mean follow-up was 34 weeks. The single most important prognostic indicator in this group of patients was the degree of dilatation on ultrasonography. Six of 7 renal units with grade I hydronephrosis improved and 1 remained stable on follow-up. Four of the 12 renal units with grade II hydronephrosis improved spontaneously; 1 remained stable. Three of 11 renal units with grade III hydronephrosis either improved or remained stable. The measurement of differential renal functions on DTPA renography did not correlate well with the degree of dilatation when renal size and parenchymal thickness were adequate. The excretory curves after lasix administration were not helpful to determine treatment in the neonatal period. Seventeen renal units (7 grade II, 9 grade III, 1 grade IV) were treated surgically due to persistent dilatation, evidence of obstruction on either DTPA renography or the Whitaker test, or because of impaired renal function. Sixteen of the 33 renal units diagnosed prenatally improved with observation. Of all the parameters studied only the degree of dilatation on ultrasonography correlated well with the prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Untimeliness of Feminist Theory

Feminist theory has an auspicious future. It is a future bound up with change. It is no doubt linked in various ways to feminist struggles and feminist knowledges produced by previous struggles and...
Hyperalphalipoproteinemia, Birth to Age Two Years

Interrelationships of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL) with total plasma cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as longitudinal maintenance of C-HDL rank order (tracking) from birth to age 2 years were assessed in 76 hypercholesterolemic neonates (cord blood, TC greater than 95 mg/dl) with focus upon 34 hyperalphalipoproteinemic neonates who had cord blood C-HDL greater than 61 mg/dl, greater than or equal to the 99th percentile. Cord blood C-HDL correlated closely (P less than 0.01) with C-HDL at 6, 12, and 18 to 24 months (r = 0.32, 0.49, and 0.39, respectively). C-HDL levels at 12 months and 18 to 24 months were closely associated (r = 0.68 and P less than 0.01). C-HDL at birth, 6, and 12 months correlated positively (P less than 0.01) with TC levels (r = 0.28, 0.30, and 0.36, respectively). Conversely, C-HDL at birth, 6 and 12 months correlated inversely with TG (P less than 0.01) (r = -0.41, -0.40, and -0.49, respectively). At birth and at 18 to 24 months, C-HDL correlated inversely (P less than 0.05) with C-LDL (r = -0.36 and -0.31, respectively). Of neonates having cord blood C-HDL in the highest quartile, 38, 56, and 60%, respectively at ages 6, 12, and 18 to 24 months retained C-HDL levels in the highest quartile; 56, 75, and 70%, respectively, retained C-HDL levels greater than the 50th percentile. Of 13 neonates having the highest initial cord blood C-HDL levels, cord blood C-HDL greater than or equal to 69 mg/dl, nine had one or more C-HDL values greater than 70 mg/dl (the 90th percentile for childhood), throughout the 12- to 60-month follow-up period. Moreover, where more than one follow-up measurement was available, there was relative stability of elevated C-HDL measurements. Many infants with cord blood hyperalphalipoproteinemia are likely to have persistent elevations of C-HDL at ages 1 and 2 years. If they maintain elevated C-HDL into adulthood, they may, speculatively, be at reduced risk for coronary heart disease, given the strong inverse association of C-HDL with coronary heart disease.
Sensitivity of pigeons to prereinforcer and postreinforcer delay

Delay between choice and receipt of reinforcement (prereinforcer delay) and delay between receipt of reinforcement and the next opportunity to choose (postreinforcer delay) were varied in a discretetrials choice paradigm using four pigeons. The pigeons consistently chose the reinforcer with the smaller prereinforcer delay. Variations in postreinforcer delay did not affect choice unless prereinforcer delays were equal. The results support previous findings that prereinforcer delays contribute disproportionately to the effects of rate of reinforcer access on choice in pigeons.
Reliability considerations in the placement of control system components

This paper presents a methodology, along with applications to a grid type structure, for incorporating reliability considerations in the decision for actuator placement on large space structures. The method involves the minimization of a criterion that considers mission life and the reliability of the system components. It is assumed that the actuator gains are to be readjusted following failures, but their locations cannot be changed. The goal of the design is to suppress vibrations of the grid and the integral square of the grid modal amplitudes is used as a measure of performance of the control system. When reliability of the actuators is considered, a more pertinent measure is the expected value of the integral; that is, the sum of the squares of the modal amplitudes for each possible failure state considered, multiplied by the probability that the failure state will occur. For a given set of actuator locations, the optimal criterion may be graphed as a function of the ratio of the mean time to failure of the components and the design mission life or reservicing interval. The best location of the actuators is typically different for a short mission life than for a long one.
A deterministic reduction for the gap minimum distance problem: [extended abstract]

Determining the minimum distance of a linear code is one of the most important problems in algorithmic coding theory. The exact version of the problem was shown to be NP-complete in [14]. In [8], the gap version of the problem was shown to be NP-hard for any constant factor under a randomized reduction. It was shown in the same paper that the minimum distance problem is not approximable in randomized polynomial time to the factor 2log1-e n unless NP ⊆ RTIME(2polylog(n)). In this paper, we derandomize the reduction and thus prove that there is no deterministic polynomial time algorithm to approximate the minimum distance to any constant factor unless P=NP. We also prove that the minimum distance is not approximable in deterministic polynomial time to the factor 2log1-en unless NP ⊆ DTIME(2polylog(n)). As the main technical contribution, for any constant 2/3
Parametrization of the total cross section for πd-->pp below 330 MeV

The parametrizations developed by Spuller and Measday for the energy dependence of the total cross section for ..pi..d..-->..pp, which have been used to normalize some ..pi..d..-->..pp angular distributions, are reviewed in light of high accuracy data taken since 1975. Slight modifications of the parameters of the earlier analysis yield significant improvement in the agreement with the newer data. A simpler parametrization which fits the data equally well is suggested for absolute normalizations of relative angular distributions for the process.
Nonuniform prestress from prior earthquakes and the effect on dynamics of branched fault systems

[1] To examine the effects of branched fault geometry on the dynamics of fault systems in the long term, we perform multicycle simulations on generic faulting models. An explicit finite element algorithm is used to simulate spontaneous dynamic rupture of earthquakes. The fault stress during the interseismic period is evaluated by an analytical viscoelastic model. We find that the fault prestress field becomes highly nonuniform near the branch point and on the two branch segments over multiple earthquake cycles, owing to the branched fault geometry and stress interaction between the two segments. The principal prestress on faults rotates over multiple earthquake cycles and departs from the regional stress field significantly near the branch point. After a number of earthquake cycles, the branched fault systems evolve to a steady state in which several patterns of the fault prestress and earthquake rupture repeat. The nonuniform prestress developed from previous earthquakes has large effects on the rupture and slip patterns. Several different rupture scenarios can occur on a given branched fault system. In addition, backward branching can occur in the nonuniform prestress field, either driven by slip on the ‘‘stem’’ of the fault system or through a triggering mechanism. These modeling results may have important implications for understanding fault-branching behavior observed in the 1992 Landers, the 1999 Hector Mine, and the 2002 Denali fault earthquakes and for seismic hazard analysis in the areas where branched fault systems exist.
Plasmin-Loaded Echogenic Liposomes for Ultrasound-Mediated Thrombolysis

Plasmin, a direct fibrinolytic, shows a significantly superior hemostatic safety profile compared to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), the only FDA-approved thrombolytic for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The improved safety of plasmin is attributed to the rapid inhibition of free plasmin by endogenous plasmin inhibitors present in very high concentrations (1 μM). However, this rapid inhibition prevents the intravenous (IV) administration of plasmin. In emergency situations, catheter-based local administration is not practical. There is a need for an alternative technique for IV administration of plasmin. A possible solution is the encapsulation of plasmin in echogenic liposomes (ELIP) for protection from inhibitors until ultrasound (US)-triggered release at the clot site. ELIP are bilayer phospholipid vesicles with encapsulated gas microbubbles. US induces oscillation and collapse of the gas bubbles, which facilitates ELIP rupture and delivery of the encapsulated contents. Plasmin-loaded ELIP (PELIP) were manufactured and characterized for size, gas and drug encapsulations, and in vitro thrombolytic efficacy using a human whole blood clot model. Clots were exposed to PELIP with and without exposure to US (center frequency 120 kHz, pulse repetition frequency 1667 Hz, peak-to-peak pressure of 0.35 MPa, 50 % duty cycle). Thrombolytic efficacy was calculated by measuring the change in clot width over a 30-min treatment period using an edge detection MATLAB program. The mean clot lysis obtained with PELIP in the presence of US exposure was 31 % higher than that obtained without US exposure and 15 % higher than that obtained with rtPA treatment (p < 0.05).The enhanced clot lysis is attributed to the US-mediated release of plasmin from the liposomes.
Postoperative morbidity in patients with esophageal atresia

A retrospective study was carried out in 110 patients with esophageal atresia seen at the Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, from 1975 to 1984. Special attention was paid to post-operative morbidity in view of the lack of detailed information concerning this aspect in the literature. Of the 87 surviving patients, 77 had a primary end-to-end anastomosis. The experience with these 77 patients is reviewed and discussed with reference to the literature. Gastroesophageal reflux seems to be the major postoperative complication and a contributing factor to other serious conditions. Early detection and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux may prevent some of these conditions.
Mechanical overview of the International X-ray Observatory

The International X-ray Observatory (IXO) is a new collaboration between NASA, ESA, and JAXA which is under study for launch in 2020. IXO will be a large 6600 kilogram Great Observatory-class mission which will build upon the legacies of the Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray observatories. It combines elements from NASA's Constellation-X program and ESA's XEUS program. The observatory will have a 20–25 meter focal length, which necessitates the use of a deployable instrument module. Currently the project is actively trading configurations and layouts of the various instruments and spacecraft components. This paper will provide a snapshot of the latest observatory configuration under consideration and summarize the observatory from the mechanical engineering perspective.
Effects of impurities on crystal growth in fructose crystallization

Abstract The influence of impurities on the crystallization of anhydrous fructose from aqueous solution was studied. The growth kinetics of fructose crystals in the fructose-water-glucose and fructose-water-difructose dianhydrides systems were investigated using photomicroscopic contact nucleation techniques. Glucose is the major impurity likely to be present in fructose syrup formed during corn wet milling, while several difructose dianhydrides are formed in situ under crystallization conditions and have been proposed as a cause in the decrease of overall yields. Both sets of impurities were found to cause inhibition of crystal growth, but the mechanisms responsible in each case are different. It was found that the presence of glucose increases the solubility of fructose in water and thus lowers the supersaturation of the solution. This is probably the main effect responsible for the decrease of crystal growth. Since the molecular structures of difructose dianhydrides are similar to that of fructose, they are probably “tailor-made” impurities. The decrease of crystal growth is probably caused by the incorporation of these impurities into or adsorption to the crystal surface which would accept fructose molecules in the orientation that existed in the difructose dianhydride.
Using High Performance Computing to Explore Large Complex Bioacoustic Soundscapes: Case Study for Right Whale Acoustics

Abstract This paper describes ongoing work to investigate the development of a complex system designed for extracting information from large acoustic datasets. The system, called DeLMA is based on integrating advanced machine learning with high performance computing (HPC). The goal of this work is to provide the capability to accurately detect and classify whale sounds in large acoustics datasets collected using underwater sensors. The case study for this work is focused on detecting the acoustic communication signals of the North Atlantic Right Whale, Eubalaena glacialis , and uses data collected in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS), USA. A summary of the work done for developing a complex detection-classification system and brief description of several algorithms that are used for classifying whale sounds will be covered. A brief discussion on how standard detection algorithms can be incorporated, with no special modifications, into the HPC system for analysis will be mentioned, and two new right whale detection methods are presented, based on continuous region analysis (CRA) and histogram of oriented gradients (HOG). This paper presents a first-hand look at applying the DeLMA system and these algorithms on a large dataset containing over 60,000 channel-hours of acoustic data from the SBNMS. Results from these new detection methods are compared against Baseline algorithms. With the development of the DeLMA system, sound archives can now be explored using a powerful distributed processing architecture. This advancement will allow for rapid execution and visualization of the data using seasonal graphs called diel plots, which show the distribution of detections on a time-of-day vs. time-of-year plane. Diel plots of Baseline, CRA and HOG algorithm results reveal various large-scale features of the seasonality of whale calling behavior. Results are summarized and the authors discuss future areas for study, especially those relate to handling other big passive acoustic data projects.
Does augmentation or induction of labor with oxytocin increase the risk for autism

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of permanent developmental disabilities characterized by abnormalities in socialization, communication, and behavior. ASDs are classified under pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) and include autistic disorder (AD), Asperger’s syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorderenot otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), which is also referred to as atypical autism. The diagnosis of ASDs is usually made in early childhood, and the condition often leads to a compromise in the quality of life for both the affected child and the entire family. ASDs affect male more than female children on a 4:1 ratio. There has been a temporal increase in the prevalence of autism, and it is currently estimated that approximately 1 in 88 children in the United States suffer from ASDs. The rise has been attributed to increased awareness and changes in administrative classifications and definitions as well as to changes in practice patterns leading to improved diagnosis of the condition. Although a genetic predisposition to this condition has been firmly established, the exact etiology remains unknown. Research has shown that environmental factors may play a role including perinatal risk factors. Studies have shown that preterm birth, smallness for gestational age, congenital anomalies, low Apgar scores, advanced maternal age, maternal metabolic syndrome, smoking, and exposure to betamimetic agents during pregnancy may play a role, but there is insufficient evidence to causally implicate any of these factors. In contrast, maternal hypertension, proteinuria, and preeclampsia may be protective for ASD. Oxytocin is a neurotransmitter with important central nervous system effects regarding reproduction, social behavior, and cognitive function. Because of its possible influences in social behavior and cognitive function, oxytocin has been linked to triggers of ASDs at the molecular level, and it has been postulated that polymorphic variation at the oxytocin receptor gene may be associated with ASDs, depending on early environmental conditions. As a result, it has been hypothesized that oxytocin administration during labor may contribute to the development of ASDs by down-regulation of the fetal brain oxytocin receptors.
Unalaska, Alaska: memory and denial in the globalization of the Aleutian landscape

Abstract This paper explores the history and globalization of the landscape of Unalaska, Alaska, an island in the Aleutian chain. The history of the area is characterized by successive waves of occupation and resource extraction by the geopolitical powers of Asia and North America, which began with Russian colonization. Unalaska's landscape is littered with World War II debris that still echoes of Japanese attacks and the bitter memory of US-ordered evacuation and relocation to distant interment camps of the entire indigenous Aleut population. Unalaska's adjacent Port of Dutch Harbor has grown to become the Nation's busiest commercial fishing port, ironically due to the demand of the Japanese market for fishery products and substantial investment by Japanese companies. Applying post-colonial theory to Unalaska's history suggests that territorial acquisition has been succeeded by the dynamics of economic globalization in this American periphery. The Aleutian landscape is shaped by its history of foreign an...
Annealing of GaAs grown by vertical zone melting

Abstract Semi-insulating GaAs grown by the vertical zone melting (VZM) method has a low density of etch pits (about (1–4)×103 cm-2), but a low concentration of EL2 (about 7×1015 cm-3). We find that annealing VZM GaAs by either a two-step or by a one-step process increases mobility and raises the EL2 concentration to 14×1015 cm-3, while the etch pit density remains low. The annealing works equally well whether applied as a post-growth process or as an in-situ procedure done during cool-down from the crystal growth temperature. In the in-situ process, cooling the crystal to about 600°C before reheating is essential for the increases in mobility and EL2 to occur.
Tags for labeling protein N-termini with subtiligase for proteomics

The peptide ligase subtiligase, derived from subtilisin, has been employed in the identification of protein N-termini in complex mixtures. Here, the peptide ester substrates for the ligation reaction were optimized with respect to solubility, resulting in greater incorporation of the N-terminal tags. Additionally, the quantitation of the incorporated tags was explored, and a 'click' chemistry-based derivatization provided the ability to quantitate the tag to low nanomolar concentrations by sandwich ELISA. These new tags should expand the utility of subtiligase for the proteomic study of N-termini.
MCNP modeling of a neutron generator and its shielding at Missouri University of Science and Technology

Abstract The shielding of a neutron generator producing fast neutrons should be sufficient to limit the dose rates to the prescribed values. A deuterium-deuterium neutron generator has been installed in the Nuclear Engineering Department at Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T). The generator produces fast neutrons with an approximate energy of 2.5 MeV. The generator is currently shielded with different materials like lead, high-density polyethylene, and borated polyethylene. An MCNP transport simulation has been performed to estimate the dose rates at various places in and around the facility. The simulations incorporated the geometric and composition information of these shielding materials to determine neutron and photon dose rates at three central planes passing through the neutron source. Neutron and photon dose rate contour plots at these planes were provided using a MATLAB program. Furthermore, the maximum dose rates in the vicinity of the facility were used to estimate the annual limit for the generator׳s hours of operation. A successful operation of this generator will provide a convenient neutron source for basic and applied research at the Nuclear Engineering Department of Missouri S&T.
Brief comments on the occurrence etiology and treatment of indisposition

Abstract It is regrettable that Drs Philippe and Romain were unable to expand their discussion of Haitian etiological views of indisposition prior to the forwarding of symposium manuscripts for publication. Because this seemed a crucial bit of information for readers of Social Science and Medicine , Haitian social anthropologist. Claude Charles, was asked to comment on the matter. Mr Charles functions as Haitian Culture Broker in the Community Mental Health Program of the Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami School of Medicine. His independent observations conclude this series of papers related to falling-out.—HHW
Spectral line pairing for heterodyne OCDMA

A novel OCDMA scheme uses spectral line pairing to generate signals suitable for heterodyne decoding. Both signal and local reference are transmitted in one optical fiber and a simple balanced receiver performs sourceless heterodyne detection.
The system UO2-Eu2O3 at high temperatures

Abstract Phase equilibria in the system Eu2O3-UO2 have been determined for high temperature and neutral atmosphere by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and ceramography. Extensive solubility of Eu2O3 exists in the fluorite phase; no solubility of UO2 in monoclinic Eu2O3 was found. Urania stabilizes cubic Eu2O3 to about 1885° C. An eutectic is formed between the fluorite and monoclinic phases at approximately 80 mole % EuO1.5; the eutectic temperature is 2125 ± 50° C. Lattice parameters, solidus temperatures and liquidus temperatures are given for the fluorite phase. Subsolidus equilibria for the europia-rich region are postulated. Interaction between Eu2O3 and W has been observed; a binary compound and binary invariant temperature are reported for the Eu2O3-W system.
Creation of an optical xyz coordinate system using bidirectional blazing from a symmetric triangular-groove grating in a conical diffraction mount.

An xyz beam splitter is described that uses a diffraction grating upon which light is incident in a plane parallel to the grating grooves to produce symmetric conical diffraction into the ±1 orders, with all higher orders being suppressed or evanescent. The ±1 orders are mutually orthogonal when the wavelength/grating period ratio λ/Λ=1/2, independent of the angle of incidence ϕ. Orthogonality of, the ±1 orders with the direction of incidence occurs at ϕ=arctan(1/2)=35.264°. By choice of a symmetric triangular-groove profile (isoceles with a 120° apex angle), bidirectional blazing occurs into the desired ±1 orders, with little or no light appearing in the vestigial 0 order.
Genetic restoration of a threatened population of greater prairie-chickens

Supplemental translocations to small, isolated populations can be a valuable strategy to counteract the effects of genetic drift by increasing genetic diversity. We studied the genetic consequences of a translocation of greater prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) to Wisconsin, which has a small population (<550 birds) with low genetic diversity. During 2006–2009, 110 females were translocated to Wisconsin from Minnesota, which has greater genetic diversity. Two years after the final translocation, we detected introgression of unique Minnesota alleles. Although there was an increase in mtDNA diversity to near historic levels, there was no change in diversity at microsatellites or the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Computer simulations of drift predicted that microsatellite diversity would have been lower in the absence of the translocation, and, thus, the translocation was a success in temporarily stemming the ongoing erosion of genetic variation through drift. Overall, our results caution that introgression of new alleles varies for genetic markers that differ in selection and inheritance, and, thus, the success of genetic restoration projects may depend on how the goals are defined.
Ethnographic and participatory approaches to research on farmers responses to climate predictions

This article synthesizes the state of the art in the application of ethnographic and par- ticipatory methods in climate application research. The review focuses on 2 aspects: (1) the cogni- tive and cultural landscape in which farmers' understanding of climate and climate information is grounded and (2) the decision-making processes and environment which shape farmers' adaptive strategies. The first part analyzes methods to elicit how farmers perceive and predict climate events and how these perspectives relate to scientific forecasts. It addresses the long-standing question of whether and how farmers understand the probabilistic nature of climate forecasts and how they assess the credibility and accuracy of such information. The second part examines approaches to characterizing the vulnerability of decision makers and to elucidating the configuration of options and obstacles that farmers face in using climate forecasts to mitigate risk. The complexities of farm- ers' decisions and the difficulties of identifying the exact role that climate predictions play (and, therefore, of directly attributing impacts to them) are taken into account. Finally, the review high- lights efforts to transcend the localized focus of farmer-centered approaches in order to capture inter- actions across sectors and scales. The review concludes by proposing that climate application research move from a 'technology-adoption' paradigm to a broader perspective on vulnerability and adaptation. This shift will entail a cross-scale, multi-sited research design and an interdisciplinary mix of interactive and structured tools and techniques. It will also require that the analytical focus be expanded to encompass local communities and their multiple action spaces as well as the higher spheres of decision-making, where policy and science are shaped.
Determination of the energy barrier distribution and prefactor for switching in a heterogeneous magnetic system

Abstract We have applied a new method for analyzing the dynamical susceptibility to determine both the prefactor Γ 0 for switching via thermal activation and the distribution of energy barriers of a 5% Co in silver film. The peak energy barrier was 185 K and In Γ 0 was 31.5 ± 0.5, corresponding to a Γ 0 from 2.9 × 10 13 to 7.9 × 10 13 Hz.
Partial unilateral lentiginosis with ocular involvement

Partial unilateral lentiginosis (PUL) is an unusual pigmentary disorder characterized by numerous lentigines grouped within an area of normal skin; the pigmented macules are often in a segmental distribution with a sharp demarcation at the midline. We report the first case of ocular involvement in a patient with this diagnosis. The patient, a 30-year-old Peruvian woman, had multiple brown macules on the left upper face in primarily a V1 and V2 distribution with a sharp demarcation at the midline of the forehead. The lesions first appeared near the hairline when she was 5 years of age, and then began to extend onto the face. She also had a discrete area of brown pigmentation on the left lateral bulbar conjunctiva. Because the patient had been previously diagnosed by several dermatologists as having either a speckled lentiginous nevus or a nevus of Ota, we draw attention to the entity PUL and the possibility of ocular involvement.
A Simple Finite Difference Scheme for Multidimensional Magnetohydrodynamical Equations

An approximate MHD Riemann solver, an approach to maintain the divergence-free condition of magnetic field, and a finite difference scheme for multidimensional magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) equations are proposed in this paper. The approximate MHD Riemann solver is based on characteristic formulations. Both the conservation laws for mass, momentum, energy, and magnetic field, and the divergence-free condition of the magnetic field are exactly satisfied in the proposed scheme. The scheme does not involve any Poisson solver and is second-order accurate in both space and time. The correctness and robustness of the scheme are shown through numerical examples. The approach proposed in this paper to maintain the divergence-free condition may be applied to other dimensionally split and unsplit Godunov schemes for MHD flows.
The field persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis spores on Cercis occidentalis leaves.

Abstract The field persistence of viable spores of four Bacillus thuringiensis formulations, Amdal ® , Biotrol ® BTB 183, Thuricide ® HP, and Thuricide ® 90TS, was measured and compared on leaves of Cercis occidentalis . For Amdal, Biotrol BTB 183, and Thuricide 90TS the field persistence was compared also at two locations, Auburn and Sacramento, California, which differed in altitude and climate. The comparisons of field persistence were based on a segmented linear model of the decay of average viable spore count on a logarithmic scale, because much of the field data strongly rejected the simple log linear model. No significant difference in field persistence of viable spores was found between the two locations. Significant differences were found in both magnitude and pattern of field persistence compared to previously reported measurements of Thuricide 90TS, where leaves of Quercus agrifolia were the substrate, and a log linear pattern of decay of viable spore count was found. The persistence half-life of Thuricide 90TS on Q. agrifolia leaves at Monterey, California, was 3.9 days, compared to a persistence half-life during the first 3 days of 0.63 day on leaves of C. occidentalis with the pooled Auburn/Sacramento data (two-sided P The persistence half-life for Thuricide HP during the first 3 days was 1.85 days, which was significantly different from the corresponding result of 0.58 day for Amdal and 0.63 day for Thuricide 90TS ( P
Specific A . T DNA sequence binding of RP-HPLC purified HMG-I.

Abstract HMG-I (α-protein) is a high mobility group protein which r. ognizes and binds specifically to A·T rich double stranded DNA. We have investigated, by electrophoretic shift assays and DNase I footprinting, the ability of reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography purified HMG-I to bind to specific A·T rich duplex DNA sequences. We show here that when HMG-I is isolated and purified under denaturing conditions it retains its specific A·T DNA binding activity. These results suggest that reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography to be the method of choice for the preparation of HMG-I.
Existence and uniqueness of analytic solution for Rayleigh–Taylor problem

Abstract We study the initial value problem for the classical Rayleigh–Taylor problem. If the initial data are analytic in disk R r containing the unit disk, it is proved that unique solution, which is analytic in R s for s ∈ ( 1 , r ) , exists locally in time. The analysis is based on a Nirenberg theorem on abstract Cauchy–Kowalewski problem in properly chosen Banach spaces.