cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4582: Tumor matrix-targeted polymeric glyco-adjuvant for in situ cancer vaccination

Cancer vaccination is challenging due to a lack of strong, clinically approved adjuvants and difficulty in identifying cancer-specific antigens. Here, in order to address these challenges, we report the creation of a targeted therapeutic cancer vaccine with two components: (1) a mannosylated, toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-agonizing polymer, p(Man-TLR7), and (2) a fusion protein consisting of serum albumin (SA) fused to a collagen binding domain (CBD), namely the A3 domain of von Willebrand factor. p(Man-TLR7) has been shown to elicit strong CD8+ T cell responses, which are vital for the success of cancer vaccines. As such, we hypothesized that chemically linking p(Man-TLR7) to a tumor-targeting protein would localize our polymeric glyco-adjuvant to the tumor, promoting the immunogenic processing of endogenous tumor antigens and bypassing the need to pre-identify tumor-specific antigens. In the approach presented here, CBD-SA acts as our tumor-targeting protein by actively binding to collagen in the tumor microenvironment via the CBD, in addition to utilizing the passive targeting of SA. Upon successful and reproducible generation of CBD-SA-p(Man-TLR7) conjugates, we observed that the conjugates retained the ability to bind both collagen I and collagen III. We then assessed the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of our conjugates in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice, testing both murine CBD-SA-p(Man-TLR7) and human CBD-SA-p(Man-TLR7) conjugates to evaluate the translatability of our approach. We observed an 84% decrease in average B16F10 tumor size and improved overall survival compared to untreated controls when mice were treated with intravenously-delivered murine CBD-SA-p(Man-TLR7) in combination with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. In the case of intravenously-delivered human CBD-SA-p(Man-TLR7), a 60% decrease in average tumor size compared to untreated controls was observed when mice were treated with our vaccine as a monotherapy. Further improved anti-tumor efficacy (an 85% decrease in average tumor size compared to untreated controls) and improved overall survival were observed when we combined our human CBD-SA-p(Man-TLR7) vaccination with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. In conclusion, in situ vaccination with CBD-SA-p(Man-TLR7) is a translatable approach that synergizes with checkpoint antibody therapy to provide therapeutic benefit in treatment of a poorly immunogenic melanoma model. Citation Format: Laura T. Gray, D. Scott Wilson, Jun Ishihara, Koichi Sasaki, Michal Raczy, Melody Swartz, Jeffrey Hubbell. Tumor matrix-targeted polymeric glyco-adjuvant for in situ cancer vaccination [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4582.
Panic in the Streets-Pandemic and Protests: A Manifestation of a Failure to Achieve Democratic Ideals

America is at a critical crossroads in history as the COVID-19 pandemic expands. We argue that the failure to respond effectively to the pandemic stems from the nation's protracted divergence from the democratic ideals, we purport to value. Structural racism and class-based political and economic inequity are sustained through the failings of the nation's democratic institutions and processes. The situation has, in turn, fostered further inequity and undermined science, facts, and evidence in the name of economic and political interests, which in turn has encouraged the spread of the pandemic, exacerbated health disparities, and escalated citizen tensions. We present a broad vision of reforms needed to achieve democratic ideals which we believe is the most important first step to achieving true political representation, achieving a resilient and sustainable economy, and fostering the health of vulnerable communities, workers, and the planet.
Conscious Intelligence Requires Developmental Autonomous Programming For General Purposes

Universal Turing Machines are well known in computer science but they are about manual programming for general purposes. Although human children perform conscious learning (learning while being conscious) from infancy, it is unknown that Universal Turing Machines can facilitate not only our understanding of Autonomous Programming For General Purposes (APFGP) by machines, but also enable early-age conscious learning. This work reports a new kind of AI-conscious learning AI from a machine's “baby” time. Instead of arguing what static tasks a conscious machine should be able to do during its “adulthood”, this work suggests that APFGP is a computationally clearer and necessary criterion for us to judge whether a machine is capable of conscious learning so that it can autonomously acquire skills along its “career path”. The results here report new concepts and experimental studies for early vision, audition, natural language understanding, and emotion, with conscious learning capabilities that are absent from traditional AI systems.
Simple Approach to Incorporating Experimental Design into a General Chemistry Lab

In an idealized General Chemistry Laboratory curriculum, students would hone their experimental design ability with practice encouraged by laboratory exercises designed to be open-ended. However, traditional General Chemistry Laboratory courses often lack opportunities for students to design their own experiments, instead opting to provide students with predetermined protocols. In addition, introducing guided inquiry into a General Chemistry Laboratory is logistically challenging, often prohibiting implementation. Here, we present a method for converting a traditional “cookbook-style” laboratory curriculum into one that is more open-ended with opportunities for students to practice experimental design skills. Our approach involves developing clear learning objectives, evaluating the existing curriculum for alignment to those objectives and providing opportunities for incorporating experimental design, and revising existing protocols. These revisions adopted a two week model, following up a traditional cookbook-style exercise focused on teaching students a given technique with a second week where students designed their own experiments to answer an instructor-provided question situated in a real-world context. This design provided sufficient structure for students to learn basic chemistry laboratory techniques while also creating the opportunity for practicing science process skills such as experimental design. Students in a pilot group experiencing this revised curriculum reported greater increases in their confidence with experimental design than peers in the traditional curriculum. We propose that this model could be adopted by other institutions as a meaningful step toward fully open-ended laboratory courses while avoiding many of the associated challenges.
PaletteViz with Star-coordinates: An Improved Method for High-dimensional Pareto-optimal Front Visualization and Decision-making

Visual representation of a many-objective Pareto-optimal front in four or more dimensional objective space requires a large number of data points. Moreover, choosing a single point from a large set even with certain preference information is problematic, as it causes a large cognitive burden on the part of the decision-makers. Therefore, many-objective optimization and decision-making practitioners have been interested in effective visualization methods to enable them to filter down a large set to a few critical points for further analysis. Most existing visualization methods are borrowed from other data analytics domain and they are too generic to be effective for manycriteria decision making. In this paper, we propose a visualization method, following an earlier concept, using star-coordinate plots for effectively visualizing many-objective trade-off solutions. The proposed method respects some basic topological, geometric and functional decision-making properties of high-dimensional tradeoff points mapped to a three-dimensional space. We demonstrate the use of the proposed method to a number large-dimensional test problems and a 10-objective real-world problem. The use of `Pareto Race’ concept from MCDM literature is introduced within the proposed visualization method to demonstrate the ease and advantage of the visualization method.
Middle School Teachers' Self-efficacy in Teaching Computer Science and Digital Literacy

This pilot study explores the impact of the CS Pathways professional development (PD) program on the teachers' self-efficacy in teaching a middle school computer science and digital literacy (CSDL) curriculum. The main goal of the study is to investigate the attributes that describe the teachers' self-efficacy after their first-year participation in the PD. A total of 19 middle school teachers from two states, NY and MA, attended the CS Pathway PD program and completed the end-of-year survey pertaining to self-efficacy in CSDL; more than half accepted the interview to help further understand their perceptions (n=10). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to study the attributes of the teachers' self-efficacy. The preliminary results capture teachers' self-efficacy patterns, which inform the PD and indicate its effectiveness and challenges.
Abstract P15: Does Atrial Fibrillation Impact 90-Day Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated With rt-PA and/or Endovascular Treatment?

Background: Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to atrial fibrillation (a fib) may not have as favourable of a response to intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular treatment (ET) compared...
The secondary messenger ppGpp interferes with cAMP-CRP regulon by promoting CRP acetylation in Escherichia coli.

The cAMP-CRP regulon coordinates transcription regulation of several energy-related genes, the lac operon among them. Lactose, or IPTG, induces the lac operon expression by binding to the LacI repressor, and releasing it from the promoter sequence. At the same time, the expression of the lac operon requires the presence of the CRP-cAMP complex, which promotes the binding of the RNA polymerase to the promoter region. The modified nucleotide cAMP accumulates in the absence of glucose and binds to the CRP protein, but its ability to bind to DNA can be impaired by lysine-acetylation of CRP. Here we add another layer of control, as acetylation of CRP seems to be modified by ppGpp. In cells grown in glycerol minimal media, ppGpp seems to repress the expression of lacZ, where ΔrelA mutants show higher expression of lacZ than in WT. These differences between the WT and ΔrelA strains seem to depend on the levels of acetylated CRP. During the growth in minimal media supplemented with glycerol, ppGpp promotes the acetylation of CRP by the Ne-lysine acetyltransferases YfiQ. Moreover, the expression of the different genes involved in the production and degradation of Acetyl-phosphate (ackA-pta) and the enzymatic acetylation of proteins (yfiQ) are stimulated by the presence of ppGpp, depending on the growth conditions.
Connectionism and the Specter of Representationalism

Jerry Fodor and Zenon Pylyshyn’s 1988 attack on connectionism is both well known and widely discussed.1 It is meant to shore up support for the classical computationalist view of cognition, in the face of recent connectionist challenges. Less well known is their 1981 attack on the direct realism of J. J. Gibson.2 It is meant to provide a similar sort of support, by sustaining the representational realism to which the classical computationalist view is committed.
Infants with low birth weight born before their mothers started to smoke cigarettes.

Abstract The study explores the question whether the increase in low-birth-weight infants to smoking gravidas is due to the smoking or the smoker . The method was that of investigating the reproductive performance of future smokers during the periods before they acquired the smoking habit. It was found that women who subsequently became smokers had a high incidence of low-birth-weight infants also during the period before they started to smoke. It was concluded that the findings raise doubt and argue against the proposition that cigarette smoking acts as an exogenous factor which interferes with the intrauterine development of the fetus. Rather, the evidence appears to support the hypothesis that the higher incidence of low-birth-weight infants is due to the smoker , not the smoking .
A Multi-State Model to Predict Heart Failure Hospitalizations and All-Cause Mortality in Outpatients With Heart Failure

Background: Among outpatients with heart failure (HF), early identification of those at high risk for HF hospitalization and/or death may help direct disease management services or advanced HF therapies. Currently, however, there are no models in this population to predict both heart failure hospitalization and all-cause mortality as individual outcomes as well as a composite outcome. Thus, we developed a model to predict both HF hospitalization and mortality, accounting for the semi-competing nature of the two outcomes. Methods and Results: A multi-state model to predict HF hospitalization and all-cause mortality was derived using data from the Heart Failure Endpoint evaluation of Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (HEAAL) study cohort, a multicenter, randomized trial of 3,834 symptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. The following predictors were pre-specified for model inclusion: age, gender, New York Heart Association class III vs II, left ventricular ejection fraction, serum creatinine, serum sodium, systolic blood pressure, weight, history of diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, peripheral vascular disease or prior stroke. In this model, all patients were in the initial state of prevalent HF and were at risk for a HF hospitalization (transition 1, n5944) or death without a preceding HF hospitalization (transition 2, n5757). In addition, those who were hospitalized for HF were also at risk for death after a HF hospitalization (transition 3, n5528). To demonstrate model use, patients were grouped by quartile of predicted risk and the predicted probabilities of the patient with the median risk in each quartile were plotted over 7 years of follow-up (Figure 1). At one year of follow up, patient A (the patient with the median risk from the lowest risk quartile) has a 2% predicted
Active control of sound radiation from a vibrating structure

The active control of sound radiation from a vibrating structure is of importance in the mitigation of machinery and vehicle noise. With piezoelectric sensors and actuators, along with effective feedback methods, the structural vibrations which are responsible for the sound/noise radiation can be actively controlled. A prototype two-dimensional structure of a square thin metal plate with all edges clamped is chosen as a study model for the vibration and radiation noise control. The radiation efficiencies are studied for each mode of a clamped vibrating steel plate. A series of active vibration/noise control experiments has been performed for several lower modes with different types of control algorithms. The idea for a combined unidisc-type collocated sensor/actuator has been proposed to implement actual collocation of sensors/actuators and to minimize the numbers of transducers used. Experimental results are presented for the radiated sound level in the air from the plate with and without control. The concept of optimization with respect to minimum total radiating from modes will be introduced in the feedback control algorithm. >
Whistler Heat Flux Instability at High Beta

Enhanced fluctuations from electromagnetic heat flux instabilities in collisionless plasmas may, through wave-particle scattering, constrain the electron heat flux qe which flows parallel to the background magnetic field. This manuscript examines the linear Vlasov theory predictions for threshold conditions on the whistler heat flux instability at high βe, the electron beta, a situation which may have application to both solar wind and astrophysical plasmas. Theory predicts a threshold heat flux which scales approximately as β. One possible consequence of this instability is that it imposes an upper bound on qe. We discuss possible applications of such a heat flux limit in the cooling flows of clusters of galaxies with βe 1.
Advanced Propulsion Concepts

The scale of space exploration and utilization which is likely to become possible as a result of advances in space transportation technology during the next two or three decades is discussed. The idealized energy costs for a variety of missions, variables which determine hardware costs, operational costs, and developmert costs are summarized. Specific types of propulsion systems which are likely to make possible large scale, economic space explorations are described. (M.C.G.)
Establishment of a conditioned reinforcer in relation to shock termination—an attempt to replicate

Murray and Strandberg have offered evidence in support of the hypothesis that events signaling the termination of electric shock take on secondary reinforcement capability. The present experiment was a partial replication with Ss tested under spaced as well as massed inter trial intervals to separate elicitation from reinforcement. Results revealed no facilitating effect of the signal in either condition. However, in independence of secondary reinforcement considerations, spaced Ss yielded much greater resistance to extinction.
Low-rate Poisson intensity estimation using multiplexed imaging

Multiplexed imaging is a powerful mechanism for achieving high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the presence of signal-independent additive noise. However, for imaging in presence of only signal-dependent shot noise, multiplexing has been shown to significantly degrade SNR. Hence, multiplexing to increase SNR in presence of Poisson noise is normally thought to be infeasible. In this paper, we present an exception to this view by demonstrating multiplexing advantage when the scene parameters are non-negative valued and are observed through a low-rate Poisson channel.
Assessment and treatment of Asian-American survivors of mass violence

This paper presents Asian-Americans' experiences of mass violence with the hope of stimulating much-needed research and clinical activities in this area. After a discussion of the literature on the types of traumatic events leading to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other psychological sequelae, the occurrence of similar events in Asia during the past 40 years which may predispose Asian people to PTSD will be reviewed. Asian cultural coping styles which mitigate against or conceal PTSD will be discussed. Assessment and treatment methods tailored for Asian patients will be outlined. Finally, recommendations for clinical service, training, and research in this area with Asian patients will be presented.
Intrachromosomal homologous recombination in human cells which differ in nucleotide excision-repair capacity.

Abstract To examine the mechanism of recombination and the role of DNA repair in this process, we transfected a plasmid carrying duplicated copies of the Herpes simplex virus I thymidine kinase (Htk) gene, each containing an 8 bp XhoI site inserted in a unique site and with the neo coding for geneticin resistance located between them, into tk-deficient human cell lines which differ in their ability to carry out nucleotide excision repair. One parental cell line has a normal level of repair activity; the second has an intermediate level, and the third has virtually no repair activity. Several geneticin-resistant transfectant cell strains from each parental line were isolated and assayed for the ability to undergo productive recombination giving rise to tk+ cells. Approximately 25% of them could do so. Southern blot analysis of these transfectants indicated that the majority contained a single copy, or at most, two copies of the plasmid integrated into the chromosome. Fluctuation analysis tests to determine the rate of spontaneous recombination (events 3er 106 cells per cell generation) in the various cell strains showed that the rates ranged from 0.15 to 4.1 The mean rate for the cell strains derived from the repair-deficient cell line was 3.6; for those derived from the cells with an intermediate rate, it was 0.8; and for those with a normal rate of excision repair, it was 0.9. Southern blot analysis of tk+ recombinants showed that in all cases, one of the Htk genes had become wild-type, i.e., XhoI-resistant. 90% of the recombinants retained the Htk gene duplication, consistent with non-reciprocal transfer of genetic information, i.e., gene conversion. The rest contained a single, wild-type Htk gene, consistent with a single reciprocal exchange within a chromatid or a single unequal exchange between sister chromatids. These cell strains will be useful for investigating the role of DNA damage and repair in homologous recombination.
High-temperature behavior of a cryomilled ultrafine-grained Al–7.5% Mg alloy

Abstract In the present study, the tensile behavior at temperatures of 298–673 K of an ultrafine-grained Al–7.5% Mg alloy processed via consolidation of cryomilled powders was investigated. The Al–Mg alloy exhibits an intrinsic behavior that is similar to that of other mechanically alloyed aluminum alloys. The microstructure of the Al–Mg alloy shows a high thermal stability with insignificant grain growth after high-temperature testing. The deformation behavior of the ultrafine-grained Al–7.5% Mg was discussed in the context of relevant deformation mechanisms at elevated temperatures.
MISSION-ORIENTED THEORY FOR ISTP

The goal of mission-oriented theory is to develop techniques and models which can be used by experimentalists and theorists to interpret spacecraft measurements, deducing from them the maximum amount of information about both local and large-scale dynamics. To be effective, theorists and experimentalists must express their results in a common format. A reasonable starting point is for mission theorists to adopt the format currently used by experimentalists. To this end we have developed new diagnostics for plasma kinetic simulations, which display the results in formats very similar to those commonly used to present satellite wave and particle measurements. We have used a simulation of broadband electrostatic noise to demonstrate how, by comparing simulation results with observations, we can infer quantities which cannot be measured, such as the wave mode. We are also developing the capability of creating data streams from virtual spacecraft located in the simulation region. For example, we used a kinetic magnetopause simulation to explore the ways in which simulations can assist in the interpretation of single and multiple satellite measurements in regions of strong spatial inhomogeneity. To address directly the mission objective of measuring global transport, global MHD models are employed. In order to facilitate the initial comparison with ISTP satellites, time histories of simulated generic states of the magnetosphere will be stored on optical disks; these will then be used to create dynamical displays of both local parameters and the global configuration. Finally we demonstrate the use of data based phenomenological magnetic field models in single particle trajectory calculations to describe large-scale kinetic properties of the magnetospheric plasma. We briefly discuss the success of large-scale kinetic calculations in delineating the structure of the plasma sheet, and present some possible ISTP research initiatives which can be used to determine the structure of the very distant tail and the entry of plasma into the tail.
Assessment of Load Transfer and Load Distribution in Bridges Utilizing FRP Panels

A primary means of demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite bridge materials is via in situ bridge load testing. For this study, the prescribed or assumed design factors for each of the study bridges were compared to those exhibited by the performance of the bridge. Specifically, the wheel load distribution factors and impact factors as defined by AASHTO were considered in order to assess the load transfer and distribution in structures utilizing FRP panels. The in situ testing configurations for the study bridges are outlined, including the truck and instrumentation placement to obtain the desired information. Furthermore, comparisons were drawn between the design values for deflection and those experienced by the structures during testing. It was found that although the deflections exhibited by the bridges were well within the design limits, further research is needed to be able to prescribe bridge design factors for FRP panels.
Increasing fuel savings of Class-8 tractor-trailers by reducing aerodynamic drag

Class-8 tractor-trailers consume about 75% of the total fuel used by trucks which, combined with Class-7 tractor-trailers, equates to 11.3% of total oil. This high of fuel usage presents an economic problem for companies, an environmental concern as CO 2 emissions are released, a societal issue as these tractor-trailers transports all sorts of goods, and a technical challenge for improvement of its fuel efficiency. Reducing aerodynamic drag, therefore, increases fuel savings and reduces CO 2 emissions. For example, a 10% reduction of drag results in a 6% savings in fuel that equates to a decrease of 10,764 pounds of CO 2 emissions per tractor-trailer per year. Aerodynamic drag is the sum of pressure and skin friction drag. Although aerodynamic studies suggest that surface modifications and gap coverage (between the truck and trailer) can lead to the reduction of aerodynamic drag on Class-8 tractor-trailers, no existing commercial technologies presently exist. Existing technologies, such as side skirts and trailer tails, are primarily aimed at reducing pressure drag. This paper presents the application of a rigorous design process to develop novel drag reduction concepts focused on reducing skin friction drag and pressure drag while focusing on surface concepts and gap region concepts. Metrics of concept evaluation are also based on environmental impacts, manufacturability, maintainability, reliability, usage and disposal, and cost effectiveness.
Structural composite materials tailored for damping

Abstract This paper reviews the tailoring of structural composite materials for damping. By the use of the interfaces and viscoelasticity provided by appropriate components in a composite material, the damping capacity can be increased with negligible decrease, if any, of the stiffness. In the case of cement–matrix composites, the use of silica fume as an admixture results in increases in both the damping capacity and the storage modulus. In the case of continuous fiber polymer–matrix lightweight composites, the use of submicron-diameter discontinuous carbon filaments as an interlaminar additive is more effective than the use of an interlaminar viscoelastic layer in enhancing the loss modulus when the temperature exceeds 50 °C. Surface treatment of the composite components is important. In the case of steel reinforced concrete, the steel reinforcing bar (rebar) contributes much to the damping, but appropriate surface treatment of the rebar further enhances the damping.
Deformations of Neo-Hookean Elastic Wedge Revisited

We reconsider a semi-inverse problem for nonlinearly elastic wedges, versions of which have been studied by several authors over the past 40 years. An intriguing feature of this problem is the existence of "non-unidirectional" deformations of the wedge, i.e. deformations for which material draws radially inward toward the apex in certain sectors of the wedge while material bulges radially outward in complementary sectors. We observe that such deformations are possible for a much larger class of materials than has been previously noted. We explore more carefully the relation between the displacement boundamy conditions and the "directional" properties of defonnations. Also, we consider the problem under alternative stress boundary conditions that must be satisfied pointwise; most previous treatments of the problem considered either pure displacement boundary conditions or stress boundary conditions satisfied in some average sense. Finally, we investigate a much broader class of generalized plane-strain def...
Industrial Growth in India: Stagnation Since the Mid-Sixties

The importance of industrialization as a means of achieving rapid growth and prosperity has long been recognized in the thinking on development strategy for India; but the country's industrial potential has been far from fully exploited. In this book the author provides an overall perspective on this problem with the help of a wealth of empirical data, by highlighting certain aspects of industrial growth. Economists; students of economics, especially development economics
Effect of aspiration of follicular fluid on subsequent luteal function in the mare

Abstract Ultrasonography was performed daily on mares during estrus to assess follicular growth. All mares received 2,500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) intravenously when the preovulatory follicle reached 35 mm in diameter. Follicular fluid was aspirated when a 35-mm follicle was detected (0 h) or 12, 24, or 36 h later. Blood samples were collected daily from the mares until they returned to estrus. When data were pooled for early 0 + 12 h) or late (24 + 36 h) aspirations, progesterone concentrations were lower on Days 2 (P
Altruism and Economic Behavior: II Private Charity and Public Policy

. The relative advantages of private charitable organizations as against government agencies in achieving efficient redistribution of income and supply of services are examined. Central to this discussion is the elasticity of private giving to tax concessions and the propoition of donor dollars being absorbed in overhead. Recent estimates of these magnitudes are summarized. Of parallel concern is to what extent can reliance on altruism by sellers of goods and services serve as a substitute for government regulations to enforce standards, prices or product disclosures. Finally, the ways in which government can use and encourage private charitable impulse to maximize social welfare are examined; of particular interest here is the literature surrounding Richard Titmuss’ work on blood donorsbip which raises the issue of whether or not extension of markets reduces, rather than extends, individual choice. The growing technological complexities of society, it is concluded, render the altruistic virtues of trust and consideration increasingly valuable—if increasingly rare.
Outcomes of mental health care for children and adolescents: II. Literature review and application of a comprehensive model.

ABSTRACT Objective Using a comprehensive model of outcomes, the authors review the scientific literature to determine the extent of knowledge concerning the outcomes of mental health care for children and adolescents. Method Previous research is examined to determine the degree to which it addresses five salient outcome domains: symptoms/diagnoses, functioning, consumer perspectives, environments, and systems (the SFCES model). Results Despite numerous studies, only 38 met minimal scientific criteria. They generally fall into two categories, according either to their focus on the efficacy of treatment(s) for specific disorders or the effectiveness of a particular service or service system. Only two studies include outcome assessments across all five domains. Conclusions As health care practices shift, improvements in mental health care will require credible evidence detailing the impact of clinical treatments and services on all salient outcome domains. Embedding efficacious treatments into effective service programs will likely improve care, but treatments will require modification to make them flexible, inclusive, and appropriate to multicultural populations. Furthermore, service delivery systems must be modified to meet the specific clinical needs of children with mental disorders and to embrace new efficacious treatments as they become available.
Apparent Phosphorus Availabilities of Selected Traditional and Alternative Feedstuffs for Channel Catfish

AbstractA digestibility trial with Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus was conducted to determine apparent availability coefficients (AACs) of phosphorus for selected common feedstuffs: soybean meal, cottonseed meal, wheat middlings, corn gluten feed (CGF), and corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). A 32% protein diet containing mostly chemically defined ingredients was used as a reference diet. Test diets were formulated to contain 70% of the reference diet mix and 30% of the test ingredient. Chromic oxide was used at 0.75% of the diet as a marker. Fifteen Channel Catfish of a mean weight of 316 g/fish (SD, 5) were placed into 110-L flow-through aquaria. Water temperature and dissolved oxygen were maintained at approximately 30°C and ≥ 5 mg/L, respectively. Each diet had three replicated tanks. Apparent availability coefficients of phosphorus were 36, 22, 20, 75, and 77% for soybean meal, cottonseed meal, wheat middlings, CGF, and DDGS, respectively. Corn by-products CGF and DDGS had consider...
The Propositions We Assert

According to Scott Soames, proper names have no descriptive meaning. Nonetheless, Soames maintains that proper names are typically used to make descriptive assertions. In this paper, I challenge Soames’ division between meaning and what is asserted, first by arguing that competent speakers always make descriptive assertions with name-containing sentences, and then by defending an account of proper name meaning that accommodates this fact.
Exploring the Interplay between Computation and Communication in Distributed Real-Time Scheduling

In Distributed Real-Time Systems (DRTSs), computation and communication are the main operations contained in activities. The timeliness of activities depends on that of computations and communications. Furthermore, the timeliness of computations relies on that of communications, and vice versa. Hence, the interplay between computation and communication is inherently a key factor in determining the timeliness of activities. This paper proposes a class of general utility functions under the utility accrual model UAM+ to capture and characterize this interplay. Accordingly, a technique called Dynamic Deadline Adjustment (DDA) is proposed to fully explore such interplay and help resource managers proceed toward utility accrual. An online algorithm called IDRSA, which integrates the DDA technique, is developed to perform resource scheduling for DRTSs. IDRSA adopts a two-level scheduling framework to decompose resource scheduling into subprocesses and distribute them to processing nodes so as to reduce the cost of resource scheduling through parallel processing. In addition, IDRSA incorporates a new data structure called testing interval tree to effectively reduce the costs of schedulability tests for tasks and messages. Simulation results reveal the effectiveness of IDRSA, especially when the load of computation is heavy and/or the interplay between computation and communication is tight.
Separation of colour compounds from lipase in fermentation supernatant by diafiltration

Extracellular lipase was produced by growing Geotrichum candidum. A simple optical method was developed to quantify the dark-brown compounds formed during medium preparation and fermentation. The size of these molecules was in the fractionation range of Sephadex G-50. Diafiltration trials were done to screen ultrafiltration membranes for the most efficient decolonization of the cell-free lipase solution. Membranes were identified which reduced the colour by 80% with less than 5% loss of lipase activity after 4 volume exchanges in continuous diafiltration.
ODSS: information technology for organizational change

Abstract The interrelationships between organization structure and information systems have attracted the attention of researchers since the 1950s. We propose three different architectures for organizational decision support systems (ODSS), each of which is tailored to an emerging change in organization structures: Downsizing; a focus on teams; and outsourcing. We argue that no single ODSS architecture can adequately meet the challenges of each structural change. Rather, each proposed architecture relies to a lesser or greater degree on five types of information technology: Communication; co-ordination; filtering; decision making; and monitoring technologies.
A Long-Lived Mesoscale Convective Complex. Part I: The Mountain–Generated Component

Abstract Using data collected during Colorado State University's South Park Area Cumulus Experiment in 1977, a sequence of multi-scale convective events leading to the formation of a mesoscale convective complex is described. In the first phase, surface-based cool advection in the elevated mountain basin delayed the full transition of the morning boundary layer into a deep mixed layer until well after convective instability was reached over the adjacent ridges. The second phase was earmarked by the formation of convective precipitation echoes at “hot spots” over the high mountain terrain. Two groups of cells then propagated. eastward across the mountain basin, forming a line of discrete cells which moved across the foothills toward the High Plains. The cells further intensified at the. foothills/High Plains interface and formed a still larger, north-south line of thunderstorms. In the third phase, this north–south line of thunderstorms evolved into an expanding meso-β-scale convective cluster as it contin...
Selective alterations in the patterns of newly synthesized proteins by acetaminophen and its dimethylated analogues in primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes.

Abstract Alterations in protein synthesis following exposure to and recovery from hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen (APAP) and its analogues, 3,5-dimethyl acetaminophen (3,5-DMA) and 2,6-dimethyl acetaminophen (2,6-DMA), were investigated in primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes. The rates of protein synthesis decreased within 4 hr after administration of 10 m m APAP and occurred after significant depletion of intracellular glutathione and covalent binding of APAP to proteins, but preceded the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase into the media. The inhibition of protein synthesis was reversible only if APAP exposure did not exceed 8 hr. Electrophoretic analysis of 35S-labeled proteins by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE revealed two consistent alterations in the patterns of newly synthesized proteins. First was a progressive diminution in the de novo synthesis of a protein migrating at approximately 58 kDa (p58). This was observed with APAP (10 m m ) and 3,5-DMA (5 m m ) but not with 2,6-DMA (10 m m ). If exposure to APAP exceeded 8 hr, the biosynthesis of this protein was not only further decreased but was also no longer detectable during the recovery period. The second major alteration was an increase in the relative rate of biosynthesis of a 32-kDa protein (p32) following exposure and recovery from APAP and 3,5-DMA but not 2,6-DMA. Exposure to heme or arsenite induced the synthesis of a protein of similar molecular weight but did not result in the inhibition of p58 biosynthesis. The fact that the reactive metabolites of both APAP and 3,5-DMA, but not 2,6-DMA, possess oxidative properties suggests that the alterations in the synthesis of p32 and p58 may be related to an oxidative component induced by these compounds.
Vehicular Platooning in an Adversarial Environment

In this paper, we show that a single, maliciously controlled vehicle can destabilize a vehicular platoon, to catastrophic effect, through local modifications to the prevailing control law. Specifically, by combining changes to the gains of the associated law with the appropriate vehicle movements, the attacker can cause the platoon to oscillate at a resonant frequency, causing accidents that could result in serious injury or death. We determine the range of gains, and their corresponding frequencies, that allow an attacker to violate the string stability and stability criteria at different positions in the platoon. Furthermore, we prove that the attack can be successful at any position in the platoon and at frequencies that can be realized by the other vehicles in the platoon. Our work implies that neither the string stability nor stability conditions, when used singly, ensure proper platoon operation, and that neither can be used to ensure the other. Finally, we show that an attacker is theoretically capable of gaining control over the individual position and velocity (states) of other vehicles in the platoon; two attacks are demonstrated for this vulnerability.
Tensile Stress-Strain Properties of a-C:H (Diamond-Like Carbon) thin Films

Fundamental mechanical properties of a-C:H (amorphous or “diamond-like” carbon, DLC) thin film coatings have been investigated. Coatings were deposited by a methane-argon RF plasma on polycarbonate films. Tensile stress-strain behavior of the coated polymer was studied using an extensometer to monitor strain. The differences in moduli between uncoated and coated samples were used to calculate apparent coating moduli, which varied from 1 GPA to 82 GPa. The mode of failure was observed via in-situ optical microscopy during deformation. Intrinsic bond strength of the coating/substrate interface was estimated from crack spacings in the deformed coating.
The effect of permeation enhancers on the viscosity and the release profile of transdermal hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gel formulations containing diltiazem HCl

Background and Method: The objective of this study was to characterize the release of Diltiazem HCl (DTM HCl) from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gels containing the following permeation enhancers a...
Hofstede's National Culture as a Guide for Sales Practices Across Countries: The Case of a MNC's Sales Practices in Australia and New Zealand

When the multinational considers the global strategic sales effort, the temptation is to aggregate practices across seemingly similar countries. While this eases administration, it can lead to sub‐...
Reliability of the MYTH scale in assessing type A behavior in preschool children.

The reliability of the Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH) scale in assessing Type A behavior patterns among four-year-old children was evaluated, as was the degree of association between the behavior pattern of teachers and their ratings of the children. The Pearson product-moment correlations for the total MYTH scores and for the competitiveness and the impatience/aggression subscale scores ranged from .68 to .73 over a test-retest interval of three months. The teachers completed the Jenkins Activity Survey. No significant correlations were found between the behavior patterns of the teachers and their ratings of the children. The high degree of reliability that was found in test-retest scores on the MYTH was similar to that found in other studies.
Hydrochlorothiazide-induced pulmonary edema with severe acute myocardial dysfunction

A 73-year-old woman presented with acute pulmonary edema and hypotension less than 1 h after taking hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg, a reaction which has been reported as a rare but classic adverse drug response. Though prior cases have supported a noncardiogenic pulmonary edema syndrome, hemodynamic monitoring in this patient demonstrated a refractory low cardiac output state for more than 24 h. In the absence of other etiologies, this represents a new finding.
Designs for symmetrical parallel line assays obtainable through group divisible designs

A wide class of block designs for symmetrical parallel line assays with even number of doses, obtainable through group divisible designs is considered. Several new designs can thus be obtained using group divisibledesigns. Group divisible designs are also shown to provide a unification of many exisiting designs which follow as special cases.
Documenting Mass Rape: Medical Evidence Collection Techniques as Humanitarian Technology

Aim: Emerging global networks of human rights activists, doctors, and nurses have advocated for increased collection of medical evidence in conflict-affected countries to corroborate allegations of sexual violence and facilitate prosecution in international and domestic courts. Such initiatives are part of broader shifts in human rights advocacy to document human rights violations using rigorous, standardized methodologies. In this paper, I consider three principal forms of medical evidence to document sexual violence and their use in these settings: the patient medical record, the medical certificate, and the sexual assault medical forensic exam (commonly known as the “rape kit”). Methods: Combining archival research with interviews of activists, healthcare practitioners, lawyers, investigators, and other experts, I trace the collection and use of medical evidence to document mass rape since the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and the former
Lignocellulosic byproducts as filler in polypropylene: comprehensive study on the effects of compatibilization and loading

Lignocellulosic byproducts derived from biofuel processes were analyzed as functional fillers in polypropylene-based biocomposites. Corn cob, a byproduct yielded from corn harvesting for ethanol production, and sunflower hull, a byproduct of seed stripping for biodiesel production, were both examined as ground filler agents. Composite blends with these lignocellulosic fillers at four filler loadings and four variants of surface compatibilizer loading were melt-compounded using a twin screw extruder and injection molded into test specimens. Tensile testing, notched Izod impact testing, and thermal-mechanical analysis were performed on the composites. The role of filler type, loading, and surface compatibilization were established and reported. Additionally, elastic modulus and tensile strength were successfully modeled using established particulate composite models.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the U.S. Warfighter Sensitivity to Punishment and Antidepressant Use Contribute to Decision-Making Performance

Little research has been done to explore the integrity of emotion-based decision-making performance in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the current study, performance on tw...
Laser-tissue Interaction XII: Photochemical, Photothermal, and Photomechanical

An overview of laser-tissue interactions is presented in terms of the physical mechanisms of interaction, the time course of tissue response, and the level of biologic structure affected. The factors that affect dosimetry of photodynamic therapy are presented. Laser dosimetry for photothermal and photomechanical interactions is outlined.
Oscillographic techniques for the evaluation of magnetic amplifier response

A COMMON way to study the transient response of a magnetic amplifier upon application of a step of signal or to examine its frequency response to periodical signals is to use a recording oscillograph or a cathode-ray oscilloscope. If an oscilloscope is used its sweep rate can be slowed down so as to contain a whole transient in a single sweep. Repetitive switching arrangements controlling the initiation of the transient and the time sweep make the latter procedure suitable for direct visual observation of a stationary pattern.1