cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recovering all generalized order-preserving submatrices: new exact formulations and algorithms

Cluster analysis of gene expression data is a popular and successful way of elucidating underlying biological processes. Typically, cluster analysis methods seek to group genes that are differentially expressed across experimental conditions. However, real biological processes often involve only a subset of genes and are activated in only a subset of environmental or temporal conditions. To address this limitation, Ben-Dor et al. (J Comput Biol 10(3–4):373–384, 2003) developed an approach to identify order-preserving submatrices (OPSMs) in which the expression levels of included genes induce the sample linear ordering of experiments. In addition to gene expression analysis, OPSMs have application to recommender systems and target marketing. While the problem of finding the largest OPSM is $${{\mathscr {N}}}{{\mathscr {P}}}$$ -hard, there have been significant advances in both exact and approximate algorithms in recent years. Building upon these developments, we provide two exact mathematical programming formulations that generalize the OPSM formulation by allowing for the reverse linear ordering, known as the generalized OPSM pattern, or GOPSM. Our formulations incorporate a constraint that provides a margin of safety against detecting spurious GOPSMs. Finally, we provide two novel algorithms to recover, for any given level of significance, all GOPSMs from a given data matrix, by iteratively solving mathematical programming formulations to global optimality. We demonstrate the computational performance and accuracy of our algorithms on real gene expression data sets showing the capability of our developments.
A cell culture assay to evaluate the toxicity of arlacel A.

SummaryAn assay using the L-929 mouse fibroblast cell culture line was described to evaluate the toxicity of Arlacel A. The toxic lots of AA produced a characteristic cytotoxic effect consisting of intracytoplasmic refractile bodies. The results obtained by the cell culture and mouse assays were similar for 18 of 19 lots tested; one lot was moderately toxic by the cell culture assay only. A correlation was seen between the amount of FFA and the toxicity of AA. The cell culture assay provides a sensitive and reproducible assay to evaluate AA toxicity.We thank Dr. B. S. Berlin for his critical review of the manuscript, the Cell Biology Section (DBS) for providing the cells used in these studies, and acknowledge the excellent assistance of Mr. Donald Riggs, Mrs. Norma Duffin, Mrs. Marion Grabowski, Mr. Ethan Summers, and Mrs. Hazel Young.
Limited in Application: Guidance in Catholic Colleges and Universities

(1951). Limited in Application: Guidance in Catholic Colleges and Universities. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 340-340.
Real-time surface plasmon resonance study of biomolecular interactions between polymerase and bulky mutagenic DNA lesions.

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to measure polymerase-binding interactions of the bulky mutagenic DNA lesions N-(2′-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4′-fluoro-4-aminobiphenyl (FABP) or N-(2′-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-7-fluoro-2-acetylaminofluorene (FAAF) in the context of two unique 5′-flanking bases (CG*A and TG*A). The enzymes used were exo-nuclease-deficient Klenow fragment (Kf-exo–) or polymerase β (pol β). Specific binary and ternary DNA binding affinities of the enzymes were characterized at subnanomolar concentrations. The SPR results showed that Kf-exo– binds strongly to a double strand/single strand template/primer junction, whereas pol β binds preferentially to double-stranded DNA having a one-nucleotide gap. Both enzymes exhibited tight binding to native DNA, with high nucleotide selectivity, where the KD values for each base pair increased in the order dCTP ≪ dTTP ∼ dATP ≪ dGTP. In contrast to that for pol β, Kf-exo– binds tightly to lesion-modified templates; however, both polymerases exhibited minimal...
Sanitary Condition of Drinking Water in Schools and Kindergartens in Futian District of Shenzhen City

[Objective]To study the sanitary condition of drinking water in schools and kindergartens in Futian district of Shenzhen city.[Methods]The direct drinking water,boiled water and barreled water were randomly sampled from schools and kindergartens in Futian district,and samples were tested according to the Standard examination methods for drinking water(GB/T 5750-2006) and the Microbiological examination of food hygiene(GB 4789-2010).[Results]Among 93 water samples,83 were eligible in all test items,and the eligible rate was 89.2%.The eligible rate of direct drinking water,boiled water,barreled mineral water and barreled pure water was 100.0%(40/40),100.0%(18/18),100.0%(15/15) and 50.0%(10/20) respectively.[Conclusion]The sanitary condition of barreled pure water was not satisfied.It is recommended to strengthen the management on the production and sale of barreled water,and disinfection of drinking water machine.
A Density-Functional Perspective on the Chorismate Mutase Enzyme

The last two decades have witnessed the continual and concerted effort toward the development of powerful tools which allow DFT calculations to be efficiently performed for systems containing thousands of atoms.
Designing for Disadvantaged Job Seekers: Insights from Early Investigations

The Internet plays a pervasive role in job search and employment, especially for professionals and for those who are highly qualified. While job seekers from all occupational groups and employment status rely on aspects of the Internet for employment, past research suggests that disadvantaged job seekers are being "left behind" and will continue to be left behind as the Internet takes on a more eminent role in the employment process. To mitigate this outcome, we extended prior literature and took a user-centered design approach to design and implement a web-based employment application that provides job seekers with resume feedback from local volunteers. We piloted our application to understand: 1) the context and circumstances of our application's shortcomings and 2) UX principles that address these shortcomings. We extend employment research that aims to alleviate the negative effects of technological advancement on disadvantaged job seekers.
Extremely low noise UHF-band amplifiers for square kilometer array

This paper demonstrates two designs of extremely low noise amplifiers in the low frequency range of 350 MHz to 1070 MHz. Hybrid microwave integrated circuit is adapted for a low noise design at this low frequency range. Discrete passive components with high-Q and large values are selected to integrate with the best low noise transistors to optimize the LNA performance. The first UHF band cryogenic LNA was designed with InP HEMTs in all three stages for Square Kilometer Array - mid telescope band-1 receiver. This LNA extended the low end frequency to 350 MHz, and achieved averaging 1.4 Kelvin of a record low noise temperature, more than 47 dB gain, and good input and output return losses < -10 dB over the broad bandwidth from 350 to 1050 MHz at 15 K. The second UHF band cryogenic LNA was developed for MeerKAT Array, a precursor of Square Kilometer Array. This LNA was designed with InP HEMT transistor at first stage to achieve best low noise performance and GaAs HEMTs for second and third stages to replace InP HEMTs and realize high gain and good amplitude stability at cryogenic temperature. The second LNA achieved a record low noise temperature of averaging 0.6 Kelvin, more than 45 dB gain, and good input and output return losses ≤ -12 dB over the wide bandwidth from 580 to 1070 MHz at 15 K.
Living Gerontology: Providing Long-Distance, Long-term Care

My own living and working through normative family transitions of parent care (as both a professional gerontologist and an intergenerational family member) facilitated five important kinds of growth: (a) providing parent care with optimal integrity; (b) understanding, elaborating, and teaching life-cycle theory with increasing depth; (c) using this theory to enrich practice approaches to long-term care; (d) identifying valuable new research directions; and (e) creating a multidimensional professional life that furthers theoretical development and identifies practice principles that promote individual, familial, and societal experiences of a "good old age." This reflective essay addresses these different kinds of growth, as they emerged from and contribute to the ever-developing gerontological domains of theory and practice.
Graphene transistors - present and beyond

Graphene is being explored as a material to build scaled transistors for high speed operations (e.g., 10s of GHz) of integrated circuits. This chapter discusses the state-of-art of the graphene-based transistors with a prediction for its future directions.
Optimizing functional upper extremity reconstruction—Simultaneous free anterolateral thigh flap and tendon transfers—A case report

Composite upper extremity defects involving muscle–tendon units are amongst the most formidable reconstructive challenges and mandate functional restoration in addition to stable soft-tissue coverage. Here, the authors present a case of a composite defect involving the extensor muscle–tendon units of the forearm resulting from surgical resection of a recurrent Merkel cell cancer. Functional restoration was achieved via multiple tendon transfers followed by soft tissue coverage with a free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. No donor- or recipient-site complications were encountered and complete flap survival was noted. Following a 6-week period of immobilization, physical therapy and range of motion exercises were initiated. Excellent functional outcome and high patient satisfaction were noted at 8 weeks postoperatively. In summary, simultaneous tendon transfers and microsurgical tissue transfer may provide a potentially superior approach for upper extremity reconstruction in complex composite defects.
21-Gene recurrence score testing among Medicare beneficiaries with breast cancer in 2010-2013

We evaluated national patient-level utilization of the 21-gene recurrence score (21-gene RS) test among Medicare beneficiaries with breast cancer. We analyzed clinical, demographic, and regional factors that predict testing. Using 2010–2013 Medicare claims, we conducted a retrospective study of breast cancer patients. The outcome variable was whether the patient underwent testing. Independent variables expected to predict testing were age, gender, race, Medicaid status, clinical characteristics, and hospital referral region (HRR). From 2010 to 2013, the number of test orders increased by 23.0%. Of the 256,818 patients identified in 2011–2012 claims, 25,352 (9.9%) underwent the 21-gene RS test. Estrogen receptor–positive status was the strongest positive predictor of testing (odds ratio (OR) 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.48–2.69). White patients were more likely to be tested than minorities (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.39–1.52). Secondary cancer was the strongest negative predictor. Medicaid recipients were less likely to be tested (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.71–0.78). The likelihood of testing decreased with increasing age and comorbidities. Despite widespread implementation of the 21-gene RS test, minorities and Medicaid recipients had less access to testing. Many patients with serious comorbidities or advanced age were tested even though the risk algorithm may not have been applicable to them. Genet Med advance online publication 23 March 2017
High-Throughput Cancer Cell Sphere Formation for 3D Cell Culture

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is critical in studying cancer pathology and drug response. Though 3D cancer sphere culture can be performed in low-adherent dishes or well plates, the unregulated cell aggregation may skew the results. On contrary, microfluidic 3D culture can allow precise control of cell microenvironments, and provide higher throughput by orders of magnitude. In this chapter, we will look into engineering innovations in a microfluidic platform for high-throughput cancer cell sphere formation and review the implementation methods in detail.
Passive Leg Raising: Simple and Reliable Technique to Prevent Fluid Overload in Critically ill Patients

Background: Dynamic measures, the response to stroke volume (SV) to fluid loading, have been used successfully to guide fluid management decisions in critically ill patients. However, application of dynamic measures is often inaccurate to predict fluid responsiveness in patients with arrhythmias, ventricular dysfunction or spontaneously breathing critically ill patients. Passive leg raising (PLR) is a simple bedside maneuver that may provide an accurate alternative to guide fluid resuscitation in hypovolemic critically ill patients. Methods: Pertinent medical literature for fluid responsiveness in the critically ill patient published in English was searched over the past three decades, and then the search was extended as linked citations indicated. Results: Thirty-three studies including observational studies, randomized control trials, systemic review, and meta-analysis studies evaluating fluid responsiveness in the critically ill patient met selection criteria. Conclusions: PLR coupled with real-time SV monitors is considered a simple, noninvasive, and accurate method to determine fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients with high sensitivity and specificity for a 10% increase in SV. The adverse effect of albumin on the mortality of head trauma patients and chloride-rich crystalloids on mortality and kidney function needs to be considered when choosing the type of fluid for resuscitation.
Suicide in physicians and veterinarians: risk factors and theories

Physicians and veterinarians are at increased risk for suicide compared to the general population. In particular, this risk appears to be especially pertinent to females in both of these professions. Although increased risk is well-documented, less is known about potential causes for suicidality in these groups. A host of risk factors have been examined in recent research, including job stressors, personality traits, access to lethal medications, and unique work experiences. In addition to these factors, the interpersonal psychological theory of suicidal behavior may provide promise in specifying why physicians and veterinarians are at increased risk for suicide. While there is recognition of mental health issues in these professions, significant treatment barriers remain.
Does Agonist Efficacy Alter the In Vivo Effects of Cannabinoids: Girl, Could We Get Much “Higher”?

Abstract While the effects of marijuana are fairly well understood, the recent rise in synthetic cannabinoid abuse has raised interest in the physiological and psychological effects of cannabinoids. Most of these “Spice” compounds act as full agonists at the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R), and this has raised questions on whether these full agonists display differences in effect of (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, a partial agonist. A selective review of the effects of both full and partial CB1R agonists is given, with highlights of what differences in effect they might possess. This includes case reports on the effects of Spice and marijuana on humans, as well as various methods of testing animals that compared partial and full CB1R agonists. Additionally, a description of problems in studying the effects of CB1R efficacy in vivo is given.
Indirect tRNA aminoacylation during accurate translation and phenotypic mistranslation

The fact that most bacteria do not contain a full set of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) is often underappreciated. In the absence of asparaginyl-tRNA and/or glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (AsnRS and GlnRS), Asn-tRNAAsn and/or Gln-tRNAGln are produced by an indirect tRNA aminoacylation pathway that relies on misacylation of these two tRNAs by two different misacylating aaRSs, followed by transamidation by an amidotransferase (GatCAB in bacteria). This review highlights the central importance of indirect tRNA aminoacylation to accurate protein translation, mechanistic peculiarities that appear to be unique to this system, and the newly recognized connection between indirect tRNA aminoacylation and mistranslation as a strategy used by bacteria to respond to environmental stressors like antibiotics.
Neuronal Recognition in the Retinotectal System

Regularity of association between cells is ubiquitous; it is the sine qua non of any organized system, but the nervous system shows a greater range and variety of regular and orderly cellular relationships than any other system. For example, glial cells and neurons are always found in association, and there are very many examples of exclusive association between neurons of specific types. If the same neurons are always found together, either lying in close proximity, forming nonsynaptic intercellular junctions, or making synaptic contact, the embryologist asks how such intercellular contacts developed. Is the intercellular relationship, regular as it may be, merely the result of a web of circumstances that cannot be traced directly to any single cell, or is the orderly relationship the direct result of the properties and activities of certain, identifiable cells? The question has some pragmatic interest—it is likely to be far more difficult to discover the mechanisms of cellular association if they are distributed through the developing system in time as well as space than if the mechanisms are intrinsic properties and functions of the associating cells. Such intrinsic mechanisms might therefore be expressed by cells that are experimentally isolated from the entire system in vitro or in cells that by transplantation are put into novel spatial and/or temporal contexts in the developing nervous system.
Calcium Pulses, Waves, and Gradients in Early Development

Free Ca2+ ions are among the half dozen or so small ions or molecules whose changing patterns within cells is in immediate control of their growth, development, behavior, and death. This chapter focuses on the role of free Ca2+ in activating eggs and in the development of pattern.
Evaluating Boxwood Susceptibility to Calonectria pseudonaviculata Using Cuttings from the National Boxwood Collection

ABSTRACT Accessions in the National Boxwood Collection of the U.S. National Arboretum were inoculated with Calonectria pseudonaviculata in order to determine susceptibility to boxwood blight as par...
Prototyping of a Laboratory-Scale Cyclone Separator for Biofuel Production from Biomass Feedstocks Using a Fused Deposition Modeling Printer

Nowadays, additive manufacturing (AM) enables research institutions and companies to make a prototype of a complex apparatus in a timely and cost-effective manner. In this study, a cyclone separator is designed and built, using one of AM technologies [i.e., fused deposition modeling (FDM)] for removal of solid contaminants. The FDM-printed cyclone has been integrated and empirically verified on the catalytic fast pyrolysis conversion process for bioproducts (e.g., bio-oil and biochar) production from biomass feedstocks. The Pyrolysis process is near commercial ready, yet requires further research to address shortcomings (e.g., process yield and product quality) in the major components, such as feed system, reactor, cyclone, and condenser. Lab-scale, three-dimensional (3D) printed prototypes can, in turn, accelerate the evaluation process before developing the final conversion process components. AM is one of the promising approaches for prototyping a complicated apparatus in bioenergy production process.
Strategies for Treatment Nonresponders: Second-Line Therapies and Novel Approaches

The current available evidence for second-line treatments of autoimmune hepatitis is based mostly on small retrospective case series. In patients who are not responding to therapy, it is imperative to ensure that these subjects are being compliant with their medications. In those who cannot tolerate the side effects or are true nonresponders, treatment with alternative medications should be considered. However, it is critical that both provider and patient understand the side effects of the medication, which can be quite severe. Education about these medications, their side effects, and the different treatment options available should be discussed with patients prior to initiating alternative therapy. While results of these studies are promising, with many agents inducing biochemical remission and allowing for weaning of steroids, they are difficult to interpret due to the lack of a common protocol for selection or management of these patients. Randomized control trials (RCT) are needed to compare these medications to the conventional therapy of prednisone and azathioprine.
A comparative evaluation of modulation strategies for Hexverter–based Modular Multilevel Converters

In this work two different modulation strategies termed: i) nearest level control, and ii) phase disposition– sinusoidal pulse width modulation, are described, simulated and compared when applied to a Hexverter–based modular multilevel converter. In addition, two different voltage balancing algorithms are implemented and evaluated. Furthermore, total harmonic distortion regarding three–phase system voltages are assessed. In the end, synthesized branch voltage spectrum for each modulation strategy is analyzed.
Adaptation and Pedagogy at the Collective Level: Recommendations for Adaptive Instructional Systems.

Adaptive training and intelligent tutoring functions provide mechanisms for balancing coaching and challenge during a practice scenario to maximize performance outcomes. Extending these practices into team and collective domain environments requires an understanding of the pedagogical requirements an Adaptive Instructional System (AIS) must account for in design. This includes identifying what pedagogical functions a system must support and how those functions apply within foundations of knowledge/skill acquisition and team development. In this paper, we present a high-level taxonomy of feedback and adaptation types for application in a team-based AIS. The taxonomy is designed to serve as a foundation of pedagogical activities to build policies around based on real-time monitoring and demographic information.
From Recurrence to Recovery: A Transplant Patient's Perspective

As I reach the end of my time as an undergraduate student, I often reflect on my journey as a patient, how it has shaped me, and how it will hopefully shape my career. When I was 3 years old, I was diagnosed with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and, although it took almost a decade, it progressed to FSGS and eventually ESKD. As these conditions worsened, I went through the whole gamut of treatments in hopes of some kind of recovery: steroid treatment, immunosuppressive therapy, both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, and—finally—kidney transplant. Thankfully, my mother was compatible as a living donor and I am now blessed to live a healthy, mostly normal life. Now, as I move forward into the next stage of my life, I also know that I will never stop being a patient, because maintaining my health is just as involved as is becoming healthy. In my perspective, there are many difficulties and obstacles that need to be overcome in nephrology, ranging from the lack of definitive therapeutic options for many CKDs all the way to the inefficiency of dialysis—the most prevalent treatment for patients with renal disease of any origin. Furthermore, many diseases that cause kidney failure are still idiopathic, making the identification of new therapeutic options even more difficult. Despite these difficulties, I am hopeful for a better future. This year, I had the opportunity to attend the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) Kidney Week 2019 as a STARS (students and residents) awardee with my laboratory at the University of Miami’s Katz Family Division of Nephrology (Figure 1). After this incredible experience, it is clear …
Dose-escalation results of a phase I study of 225Ac-J591 for progressive metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

114Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) can be targeted by antibodies (Ab) or small molecule ligands labeled with potent α emitters (e.g. 225Ac). Unlike ligands, Ab biodistribution...
Safety Stressors: Deviant Reactions to Work-Safety Tension

Workplace safety is an important concern for employers. Research shows that work-safety tension relates directly and indirectly to accidents and injuries. However, the degree to which work-safety tension is associated with behavioral outcomes beyond the safety domain has received less attention. To address this gap, we draw on conservation of resources theory to examine work-safety tension as an indirect predictor of deviant behavior towards others (i.e., instigated incivility) and the organization (i.e., production deviance). Job stress was studied as a mechanism by which work-safety tension may indirectly and positively relate to both forms of deviance. Results show that work-safety tension is indirectly associated with greater instigated incivility, but not with production deviance. Study implications, limitations, and directions for future research on the interface between workplace safety and workplace deviance are discussed.
Retarded Logistic Equation as a Universal Dynamic Model for the Spread of COVID-19

In this work we propose the retarded logistic equation as a dynamic model for the spread of COVID-19 all over the world. This equation accounts for asymptomatic transmission, pre-symptomatic or latent transmission as well as contact tracing and isolation, and leads to a transparent definition of the instantaneous reproduction number R. For different parameter values, the model equation admits different classes of solutions. These solution classes correspond to, inter alia, containment of the outbreak via public health measures, exponential growth despite public health measures, containment despite reopening and second wave following reopening. We believe that the spread of COVID in every localized area such as a city, district or county can be accounted for by one of our solution classes. In regions where R > 1 initially despite aggressive epidemic management efforts, we find that if the mitigation measures are sustained, then it is still possible for R to dip below unity when far less than the region9s entire population is affected, and from that point onwards the outbreak can be driven to extinction in time. We call this phenomenon partial herd immunity. Our analysis indicates that COVID-19 is an extremely vicious and unpredictable disease which poses unique challenges for public health authorities, on account of which case races among various countries and states do not serve any purpose and present delusive appearances while ignoring significant determinants.
Can Managed Aquifer Recharge Mitigate the Groundwater Overdraft in California's Central Valley?

Author(s): Alam, Sarfaraz; Gebremichael, Mekonnen; Li, Ruopu; Dozier, Jeff; Lettenmaier, Dennis P
Opportunistic predation of birds by breeding Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus).

Dietary specialization, exploiting a small fraction of available food resources, is commonly reported for gulls and skuas. Predation of birds by these species is usually considered a specialist strategy employed by the minority of the population but non-specialists also predate birds and may actually have a greater impact on the prey species. To date, most studies have focused on predatory bird-specialists, down-playing the possible importance of opportunistic predation by non-specialists. We addressed this by studying diet (regurgitated pellets and prey remains) and behavior of breeding Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) over three summers at Gull Island, a mixed-species breeding colony in Lake Ontario. One-third of all pellets analyzed contained bird remains, primarily the most numerous breeding bird: Ring-billed Gull (L. delawarensis) chicks (51%) and adults (36%). Although all but one pair of Herring Gulls ate birds, all pairs maintained broad and mostly similar diets, with birds accounting for at most one-third of prey. Behavior also indicated that Herring Gulls at Gull Island were not predatory bird-specialists because predation was too infrequent to meet energetic requirements, was largely unsuccessful and was only ever observed when Ring-billed Gulls strayed into Herring Gull breeding territories. Instead, bird predation appeared mainly opportunistic, increasing with seasonal availability, access to shoreline, proximity to nesting Ring-billed Gulls and breeding territory size. Compared with predatory specialist Herring Gulls in the same region, individuals that predated birds at Gull Island did not display specialist behaviors and killed six times fewer birds (0.1–0.4 per day, on average) but were over 20 times more numerous (98% of the population versus 4%). Thus, our results indicate that opportunistic predation by non-specialists may have important consequences for prey species. Since opportunistic predation cannot be effectively managed using techniques widely advocated for specialist predators, it is essential to investigate cause of predation by large gulls prior to lethal management.
Abstract PO-133: Breast tumors maintain a reservoir of subclonal diversity during primary expansion

Our knowledge of copy number evolution during the expansion of primary breast tumors is limited. To investigate this process, we developed a single-cell, single-molecule DNA sequencing method and performed copy number analysis of 13,808 single cells from six triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) and two breast cancer cell lines. Our data shows that breast tumors and cell lines are comprised of a large milieu (17-26) of subclones that are organized into a few (4-8) major superclones. Phylogenetic analysis and mathematical modeling show that copy number evolution was ongoing during the expansion of the primary tumor, after the initial punctuated burst of genomic instability. By expanding single daughter cells in culture, we show that cancer cells re-diversify their genomes and do not retain isogenic properties. These data elucidate modes of evolution and show that TNBCs maintain a vast reservoir of subclonal copy number diversity during the expansion of the primary tumor mass. Citation Format: Darlan Conterno Minussi, Michael Nicholson, Hanghui Ye, Alexander Davis, Kaile Wang, Emi Sei, Haowei Du, Mashiat Rabbani, Cheng Peng, Min Hu, Shanshan Bai, Thomas McDonald, Aislyn Schalck, Anna Casasent, Angelica Barrera, Hui Chen, Bora Lim, Banu Arun, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Franziska Michor, Nicholas Navin. Breast tumors maintain a reservoir of subclonal diversity during primary expansion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-133.
File Systems and File Processing

This chapter describes computer file systems, the use of paths to identify folders and files, and the “os” module in Python. We further describe opening and closing files, for both reading and writing, using Python. Lastly, we describe iterating through the lines of a file (both textual and comma-separated value) to extract data, and JSON file processing tools.
Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis

Globally, almost one billion people are infected with soil-transmitted helminths (STH). The global prevalence of STH is closely associated with degree of poverty and insufficient sanitation and disproportionately affects children. Most infected individuals are asymptomatic, but children with heavy parasite burdens are at the highest risk for impaired physical development. The most important human STH species are hookworm (Necator Americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale), Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichuria. During the early 1900s, the prevalence of these parasites was higher in rural areas of the Southeast United States; their prevalence has decreased greatly due to the economical and sanitation improvement. However with the increase in international travel and migration, healthcare providers in non-endemic regions like the United States and Canada should be aware of these diseases. The detection of eggs in stool samples by light microscopy is the most common method for diagnosis but has limited sensitivity. Treatment with benzimidazole is effective; however, reinfection can occur frequently in endemic regions. A holistic approach to social determinants of health is needed and recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), which includes access to appropriate sanitation, hygiene education, and preventive chemotherapy.
Post-adenoviral-based COVID-19 vaccines thrombosis: A proposed mechanism.

There has been several reports of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after vaccination with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Oxford-Astra-Zeneca) and Ad26.COV2.S vaccine (Johnson & Johnson/Janssen), a recombinant adenovirus serotype 26 vector encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein [1, 2]. These cases clinically manifest as disseminated intravascular coagulation-like phenomena. Recently anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) autoantibodies detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were deemed as the number one culprit, but this finding has one main issue.
Chapter Four Refueling Infrastructure

This report reviews concepts behind fuel cell technology, describes the improvements and vehicles that have been developed since 2001 as the technology has been refined, and examines the issue of what fuel should be used and the necessary refueling infrastructure. Chapters include: The Fuel Cell Vehicles The Race Is On Refueling Infrastructure The Future and more
EUS-guided gallbladder drainage with a lumen-apposing metal stent (with video)

Background and Aims Nonsurgical techniques for gallbladder drainage are percutaneous, and endoscopic. EUS-guided transmural gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) is a relatively new approach, although data are limited. Our aim was to describe the outcome after EUS-GBD with a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS). Patients and Methods This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on 15 nonsurgical patients who underwent EUS-GBD for various indications. Procedures were performed at 3 tertiary care centers with expertise in the management of complex biliary problems. The main outcome measures were technical and clinical success and adverse events. Results Fifteen patients (8 male, 7 female) with a median age of 74 years (range 42-89) underwent EUS-GBD by using a LAMS to decompress the gallbladder (7 patients calculous cholecystitis, 4 acalculous cholecystitis, 2 patients biliary obstruction, 1 patient gallbladder hydrops, 1 patient symptomatic cholelithiasis). Patients were nonsurgical candidates according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System; findings were class IV or higher in 9 patients and advanced malignancies in 6. Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PT-GBD) was refused by all patients and was further precluded by perihepatic ascites in 3 patients, coagulopathy or need for anticoagulation in 4 patients, and need for internal biliary drainage in 2 patients. Transduodenal access and stenting was achieved in 14 of 15 patients and transgastric stenting was achieved in 1. Technical success was achieved in 14 of 15 patients (93%), whereas clinical success was achieved in all 15 patients with a median follow-up of 160 days. One mild adverse event (postprocedure fever for 3 days) was noted. The limitations of this study are the small select group of patients and retrospective study design. Conclusions EUS-GBD with a LAMS is technically safe and effective for decompressing the gallbladder for cholecystitis and biliary or cystic duct obstruction in patients who are poor surgical candidates.
Spinal Cord Injury

Incidence: 12,000/year in the USA Prevalence: ∼265,000 in the USA Age of Injury: Average age 40.7 years Bi-modal distribution between 16 and 30 years and 65+ years Gender: 80.7% male Race/Ethnicity: 66.5% Caucasian 26.8% African–American 8.3% Hispanic 0.9% Asian Etiology: 40.4% Motor vehicle accidents 27.9% Falls 15% Violence 8% Sports Neurologic Level and Extent of Lesion: 39.5% incomplete tetraplegia 22.1% complete paraplegia 21.7% incomplete paraplegia 16.3% complete tetraplegia Marital status: 51.9% of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) are single at the time injury
Knowledge and attitudes survey in bleeding disorders providers regarding pain.

Introduction The National Pain Study identified respondents (39%) were not satisfied with their pain management yet over 50% seek out their Haemophilia Treatment Centre (HTC) providers for pain management. This study's purpose was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of HTC providers regarding pain assessment and treatment. Methods One hundred and fifty-two HTC providers responded to a Survey Monkey™ Questionnaire. Results Knowledge deficits noted in pharmacology included (i) potentiators of opioids, (ii) time to peak effect of oral morphine, (iii) benzodiazepines usage as effective pain relievers and (iv) dose escalation/respiratory depression in an opioid tolerant patient. Areas of deficit in the substance abuse category involved (i) likelihood of a previous alcohol/drug abuse problem and (ii) signs and symptoms of discontinuation syndrome. Despite 100% confirmation from all providers that the patient is the best source of pain reporting, when presented with two identical case scenarios except for the patient's visual pain presentation; pain ratings were reported differently for patients who rated their pain similarly (8/10), yet displayed their pain symptoms differently resulting in different pain medication regimens. Responses were consistent between the provider groups but varied between case studies suggesting disparity between personal attitudes of providers when prescribing pain medication in the haemophilia population. Conclusions Continued research in the area of haemophilia pain as well as treatment is needed. In addition, continuing pain education is recommended for HTC provider's at the local, regional and national levels so providers could remain up to date in the changes and progress of pain management theory.
THE INITIATION AND TRANSFORMATIONAL PROCESS OF JACK FROST IN PETER RAMSEY’S RISE OF THE GUARDIANS

Jack Frost may not be as popular as Santa Claus, Easter Bunny, Sandman, and Tooth Fairy in the tradition of Western fairy tales. However, having observed Peter Ramsey’s Rise of the Guardians, it is quite ‘enlightening’ to perceive Jack Frost positioned not only as a mere Hollywood’s animated hero, but as complex one. One of the complexities studied in this case resides in the initiation and transformational process he has to undergo. This article overviews the relation between such process and his position as the archetypal hero. Making use archetypal approach, this article intends to explain the issue. The result indicates that his portrayal in the movie as the archetypal hero experiencing archetypal initiation and transformation is influenced by some factors: interaction with other Guardians and children, quest for self-identity, and his relation with nature.
Oregon's Four-Cycle Health Curriculum

(1947). Oregon's Four-Cycle Health Curriculum. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 223-280.
Mobile Learning and Engagement: Designing Effective Mobile Lessons

As the world continues to move deeper into mobile, higher education classrooms (virtual and face to face) are positioned well for utilizing mobile learning to further enhance student engagement and learning. This is significant to today’s millennial learners who are tech savvy and have never known a world without the Internet. Connecting to this internet generation via mobile technologies creates relevance in the learning environment. Educause discusses the implications for teaching and learning in the May 2010 “7 Things You Should Know About Mobile Apps and Learning” and stresses that “. . . mobile devices support lifelong learning, and because the devices themselves are integrated into everyday life, they facilitate authentic learning” (Educause 2010). Yet one of the greatest challenges lies in the reality that there are few resources published that offer comprehensive mobile lessons and concrete methods to effectively implement mobile learning into the classroom. Educators need specific guidelines and model examples of mobile lessons to fully understand how to create the lesson, what to consider when developing, and how to successfully integrate it into the classroom. Having these essential components will change the ways in which learning takes place, breaking free of traditional pedagogical structures and finding new and relevant ways to engage the millennial learner. Christy Price, a psychology professor at Dalton State College, indicates that in order to reach this level of engagement, relevance is one of the greatest challenges in connecting learning outcomes and activities for the millennial learner (Price C, Why don’t my students think I’m groovy?: The new “R”s for engaging millennial learners, 2009). Educators can create relevance to learning using effective mobile design and implementation. TheMobile Lesson Template is a design guide that includes several elements for teachers to thoroughly examine when considering the ways in which mobile can support students’ learning (see Appendix A). As discovered in a semester-long faculty learning community on mLearning, faculty were successful in utilizing the Mobile Lesson Template to create and implement mobile lessons into the classroom, allowing for reflection and evaluation of students’ learning. Educators worldwide can create significant connections between engagement and learning by incorporating mLearning strategies into teaching and learning design.
A Subset of Serotonergic Neurons Evokes Hunger in Adult Drosophila

Hunger is a complex motivational state that drives multiple behaviors. The sensation of hunger is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. One immediate response to hunger is increased food consumption. Hunger also modulates behaviors related to food seeking such as increased locomotion and enhanced sensory sensitivity in both insects and vertebrates. In addition, hunger can promote the expression of food-associated memory. Although progress is being made, how hunger is represented in the brain and how it coordinates these behavioral responses is not fully understood in any system. Here, we use Drosophila melanogaster to identify neurons encoding hunger. We found a small group of neurons that, when activated, induced a fed fly to eat as though it were starved, suggesting that these neurons are downstream of the metabolic regulation of hunger. Artificially activating these neurons also promotes appetitive memory performance in sated flies, indicating that these neurons are not simply feeding command neurons but likely play a more general role in encoding hunger. We determined that the neurons relevant for the feeding effect are serotonergic and project broadly within the brain, suggesting a possible mechanism for how various responses to hunger are coordinated. These findings extend our understanding of the neural circuitry that drives feeding and enable future exploration of how state influences neural activity within this circuit.
A constrained frequency-domain Prony's algorithm with application to time delay estimation

The authors present a constraint formulation that yields a real-numbered solution to the frequency-domain Prony algorithm. This is done by requiring that all the roots of the Z-transform of the solution be on the unit circle. They make appropriate transformations that map this unit circle onto a left half plane, which then allows them to use Sturn's theorem to check the number of roots in the left half plane. This newly formulated constraint is incorporated in the Prony method in the frequency domain. One of the applications of the method is in the decomposition of a mixture of delayed versions of a signal, where the constraints guarantee that the solution for the time delays are real. >
Auditory thalamocortical synaptic transmission in vitro.

To facilitate an understanding of auditory thalamocortical mechanisms, we have developed a mouse brain-slice preparation with a functional connection between the ventral division of the medial geni...
r-MUSIC, a collaborative music DJ for ad hoc networks

We present r-MUSIC, client-server architecture for sharing music through a persistent resource in which the music data is not shared among users, but is streamed from personal digital music players to a stationary high fidelity speaker system. The client side of this system is installed on the personal digital music players. Users' music selections are transmitted through a wireless interface to the r-MUSIC server, which mediates a song title queue. Users call referenda on songs in the queue, and then vote on the popularity of songs, to mediate if and when they will be played. Our architecture includes a vote balancing mechanism that prevents users and their songs from becoming either too dominant or isolated. The power of this system is that an ad hoc group can share music without the need for a formal mediator. Mediation occurs entirely through collaboration.
Communication strategy in partnership selection

This paper explores the communication and choice strategies of economic agents deciding on a partnership, where agents are uncertain about their payoffs, and payoffs of each agent depend on and are partly known to the potential partner. Business examples of such decisions include mergers, acquisitions, distribution channel partners, as well as manufacturing and brand alliances. Dating and marriage partner selection are also natural examples of this game. The paper shows that (a) when communication is informative, the communication strategy as a function of the expected payoff of the partnership involves pretending fit when expected payoff is high, pretending misfit when expected payoff is low, and telling the truth in the intermediate range, and (b) the condition for informativeness of communication is that the distribution of payoffs has thin tails. Furthermore, the paper shows that the possibility of communication, even when this communication is not restricted to be truthful, can decrease the expected payoff for both the sender and the receiver; in particular, it can decrease the expected social welfare.
Thoracic disc herniation leads to anterior spinal artery syndrome demonstrated by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI): a case report and literature review.

Abstract Background Thoracic disc herniation rarely causes acute ischemic events involving the spinal cord. Few reports have suggested this as a mechanism leading to anterior spinal artery syndrome, and none with illustration through diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). Purpose The purpose of this study was to report a case of anterior spinal artery syndrome secondary to thoracic disc herniation and demonstrate the first use of DWI to aid in diagnosis of this rare myelopathy. Study design Case report. Methods A 36-year-old woman developed sudden onset of back pain followed by evolving paraparesis and sensory loss consistent with anterior spinal artery distribution ischemia. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an acute herniated nucleus pulposus at the T7–T8 disc, which produced a focal indentation of the adjacent anterior spinal cord without cord displacement or canal stenosis. T2-weighted hyperintensities were seen at T4–T7 levels with corresponding brightness on DWI and reduction of the apparent diffusion coefficient, consistent with cord ischemia. Results Remarkably, within just a few days and following conservative treatment, including heparin and steroids, this patient's neurologic status began to show improvement. Within 3 weeks, she was ambulating with assisted devices, and at the 10-month follow-up, the patient had nearly complete neurological improvement. A follow-up MRI at 10 months showed normal T2-weighted imaging except for a 1×2-mm area of anterior-left lateral cord myelomalacia at T4–T5. Conclusions Acute thoracic disc herniation with cord contact but without canal stenosis is able to disrupt blood flow to the cord leading to anterior spinal artery distribution ischemia. This case represents the first demonstrated use of DWI in diagnosing this rare cause of anterior spinal artery ischemia.