cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accounting for Options, Forwards and Futures Contracts:

This paper discusses accounting for options, forward contracts, futures contracts, and other related securities used for hedges. An examination of the accounting and finance literature, authoritative pronouncements, and accounting theories leads to the conclusion that the accounting treatment of hedges does not reflect economic reality. A theoretical framework for accounting for all hedge activities, regardless of the techniques or contracts used to hedge, is presented. The paper concludes that the Financial Accounting Standards Board should not continue its incrementalism approach for establishing accounting standards for options, forwards and futures contracts. Instead, existing GAAP should be codified into one comprehensive statement on hedge accounting.
Oxidative-stress response in vascular endothelial cells exposed to acellular hemoglobin solutions

We investigated the effect of different hemoglobins on the activation of endothelial heme oxygenase (HO), an inducible "stress" protein, which is responsible for heme catabolism, and we determined whether the propensity of hemoglobins to autoxidize correlates with endothelial heme uptake and cell injury. Porcine aortic endothelial cells were incubated for 6 h in the presence of 60 microM unmodified hemoglobin A0 (HbA0), hemoglobin cross-linked between the alpha-chains with bis-(3,5-dibromosalicyl)fumarate (alpha alpha Hb), or cyanomet-alpha alpha-hemoglobin (CNmet alpha alpha Hb). Endothelial HO activity augmented 4.1-fold in the presence of alpha alpha Hb, 2.7-fold with HbA0, and 1.8-fold with CNmet alpha alpha Hb over the control value. Deferoxamine, but not catalase or dimethylthiourea, partially attenuated the HO induction produced by alpha alpha Hb. The rates of methemoglobin formation exhibited a linear relationship over the time of incubation (r = 0.94), and the apparent rate constant was 1.8-fold higher for alpha alpha Hb (0.023 h-1) than for HbA0 (0.013 h-1). Endothelial heme content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, an index of cell injury, were also higher in alpha alpha Hb compared with HbA0 and CNmet alpha alpha Hb groups (P < 0.05). Deferoxamine but not catalase markedly reduced the release of LDH induced by alpha alpha Hb, whereas dimethylthiourea provided only a partial cytoprotection. These studies suggest that 1) the higher rate of oxidation of alpha alpha Hb contributes to the augmented endothelial HO activity, and 2) both heme release and iron-mediated oxygen radical formation are major contributors to endothelial oxidative stress and cytotoxicity generated by the cross-linked hemoglobin.
Simulation Model of Urban Refuse Collection

A digital computer simulation model for complex urban mixed-refuse collection systems has been prepared. It calculates the number of daily truck routes in each subarea as a function of household density, collection frequency, and collection truck traffic haul distance; it then assigns individual collection trucks by number to work in these subareas by days of the week. After this initialization, the model simulates collection of semiweekly or triweekly frequency with or without a transfer station for a 6-day week, and prints a resume of the week's activities. With this model costs of alternate locations for final disposal sites and transfer station sites can be investigated and compared. The efficiencies of proposed systems with different collection truck capacities and with or without auxiliary compaction equipment can also be investigated, in such terms as unit cost in dollars per ton, overtime hours, and required number of haul units. The model is structured so that local field performance data, truck costs, labor costs, etc., can easily be entered for use in evaluating most proposed urban system policy changes.
Orthographic and Morphological Processing for Persian-to-English Statistical Machine Translation

In statistical machine translation, data sparsity is a challenging problem especially for languages with rich morphology and inconsistent orthography, such as Persian. We show that orthographic preprocessing and morphological segmentation of Persian verbs in particular improves the translation quality of Persian-English by 1.9 BLEU points on a blind test set.
Urbach Edge, Disorder, and Absorption On-set in a-Si:H

This paper presents a brief review of the research that began in the early ‘80s, continued through the ‘90s, and produced a “standard model” for the optical absorption edge of amorphous silicon. The research began as a response to the invention of a-Si:H solar cells by Carlson and Wronski at RCA laboratories in 1976, and the subsequent worldwide interest in the optical characterization of a-Si:H thin films. The immediate need was soon met, but the research continued as an effort to understand the physics of the optical absorption edge in a-Si:H, as well as to understand the differences between, and similarities to, the indirect optical absorption edge of c-Si. In this paper, we highlight the successes of this standard model, and briefly cover its experimental and theoretical development over the last 25 years. We summarize its current status, and suggest some experimental and theoretical opportunities for, and challenges to, what may now be called a standard model for the optical absorption edge of both a-Si:H and a-Ge:H.
Mesh generation for voxel-based objects

A new physically-based approach to unstructured mesh generation via Monte-Carlo simulation is proposed. Geometrical objects to be meshed are represented by systems of interacting particles with a given interaction potential. A new way of distributing nodes in complex domains is proposed based on a concept of dynamic equilibrium ensemble, which represents a liquid state of matter. The algorithm is simple, numerically stable and produces uniform node distributions in domains of complex geometries and different dimensions. Well-shaped triangles or tetrahedra can be created by connecting a set of uniformly-spaced nodes. The proposed method has many advantages and potential applications. The new method is applied to the problem of meshing of voxel-based objects. By customizing system potential energy function to reflect surface features, particles can be distributed into desired locations, such as sharp corners and edges. Feature-preserved surface mesh can then be constructed by connecting the node set. A heuristic algorithm using an advancing front approach is proposed to generate triangulated surface meshes on voxel-based objects. The resultant surface meshes do not inherit the anisotropy of the underlying hexagonal grid. However, the important surface features, such as edges and corners may not be preserved in the mesh. To overcome this problem, surface features such as edges, corners need to be detected. A new approach of edge capturing is proposed and demonstrated. The approach is based on a Laplace solver with incomplete Jacobi iterations, and as such is very simple and efficient. This edge capturing approach combined with the mesh generation methods above forms a simple and robust technique of unstructured mesh generation on voxel-based objects. A graphical user interface (GUI) capable of complex geometric design and remote simulation control was implemented. The GUI was used in simulations of large fuel-cell stacks. It enables one to setup, run and monitor simulations remotely through secure shell (SSH2) connections. A voxel-based 3D geometrical modeling module is built along with the GUI. The flexibility of voxel-based geometry representation enables one to use this technique for both geometric design and visualization of volume data.
Will we allow dentistry to be left behind? Principles underlying dental education and practice.

It is a special pleasure to provide remarks at the opening of the Macy study convocation. This meeting is extraordinary and important for several reasons: the attendees are essentially all the leaders in dental education; our nation is approaching a tipping point with regard to changing the health
Nephritogenic antigenicity of chromatographic fractions of trypsin and pronase glomerular digests.

SummaryBecause previous studies indicated that the nephritogenic antigen is sialoprotein, glomeruli were subjected to enzymic digestion and chromatographed to compare their sialic acid content and their ability to neutralize the anti-kidney antiserum.The soluble fractions of glomerular trypsin digests contained all the sialic acid and the entire capacity to neutralize the anti-kidney serum. Sephadex G-200 chromatography was capable of separating the soluble digests into two high (A and B) and one low molecular weight compenent (C). They all contained sialic acid, but only the higher molecular weight fragments possessed the neutralizing capacity.Pronase digests also contained most of the sialic acid, but these were completely inactive. Their chromatogram consisted almost entirely of the low molecular weight C peak, indicating that this less discriminating proteolytic enzyme completely degraded the protein portion of the antigen.These findings seem to provide additional proof that the nephritogenic antigen ...
Stereoelectronic factors in bridgehead C–H bond insertion: studies toward the total synthesis of maoecrystal V

A strategy for the total synthesis of maoecrystal V is presented. The key interior vicinal quaternary carbon centers will be formed via sequential bridgehead C–H bond insertion and enolate functionalization. Studies herein validate the C–H bond insertion as feasible in model studies, though there are significant effects on the selectivity for the bridgehead position from neighboring groups. Both inductive electron withdrawing elements and sterics play a role in deactivating that position, with the former having a greater effect. Forming the second quaternary carbon is possible via enolate acylation and alkylation. Lastly, an approach to synthesize the cyclohexenone ring of maoecrystal V is described.
Construction of RNAi Plant Expression Vectors with Broad Spectrum Resistance to Hainan Papaya Ringspot Virus

The PRSV strains of main papaya planting areas in Hainan were collected for breeding transformation papaya resistant to papaya ringspot virus. The conserved interference regions of target CP, Hc-Pro and Nib gene were analyzed and the typical representative sample strain of Hainan PRSV was selected among them by sequence alignment and by Clustalx software. On the basic of p UCCRNAi vector, the conserved regions of target genes of typical sample was PCRed to construct RNAi hairpin structures. Then the RNAi hairpin structures were jioned into the plant expression vector p CAMBIA2300-35S-OCS. The broad spectrum PRSV resistant plant expression vector of p CAMBIA2300-35S-CP-RNAi-OCS, p CAMBIA230035S-Hc-Pro-RNAi-OCS, p CAMBIA2300-35S-NIb-RNAi-OCS were constructed. Hanging the analysis of PRSV conservative sequence together with the design concept of RNAi high resistance, new germplasms with high efficient and broad virus resistant to Hainan PRSV could be created.
Sampling intensities and replication requirements for detection of treatment effects on testicular function in bulls and stallions: a statistical assessment.

Data from testes of 16, 2- to 3-yr-old stallions and 34 yearling beef bulls were utilized in a components of variance approach to calculate the number of observations required per testis and(or) the number of animals required per treatment group to provide experiments of known sensitivity and precision, where treatment was to be assessed by one of several endpoints. The latter included paired testes weight, seminiferous tubular diameter, the number of germ cells per seminiferous tubular cross-section, or the number of elongated spermatids per gram of testicular parenchyma or per testis. For all variables for which several observations were available for each testis, precise assessment of any given male required far fewer observations than have been used routinely. However, replication requirements varied substantially in relation to the sensitivity (i.e., size of difference to be detected) and precision (i.e., Type I and II error probabilities) desired. Replication requirements were greater for stallions than for bulls, particularly at higher levels of sensitivity, for which requirements for both species were very large. The data presented should permit future experiments involving assessment of these endpoints to be designed with known sensitivity and precision and with optimal efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Modular Forms as τ-Functions for Certain Integrable Reductions of the Yang-Mills Equations

We study properties of integrable reductions of the Self-Dual Yang-Mills Equations discovered by S. Chakravarty, M. Ablowitz and P. Clarkson [Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, 1085–1087, 1990]. We show how classical modular forms and functions appear as their general solutions. We discuss possible consequences of this novel phenomenon in integrable systems which indicates deep connections between integrable equations, group representations, modular forms and moduli spaces.
Ipilimumab-Induced Neutropenia in Melanoma

Ipilimumab is a human monoclonal IgG1 antibody against CTLA-4 that has been shown to prolong the overall survival of advanced melanoma. The most common adverse events associated with ipilimumab are immune-related. Severe hematological toxicity is rare. We report a case of severe neutropenia following ipilimumab therapy that fully resolved after the administration of prednisone, cyclosporine, and anti-thymocyte globulin therapies.
Incorporation of Bone Marrow Derived Cells in Colonic Adenoma.

Abstract Bone marrow contains stem cells that can engraft in various distant organs. These observations prompted us to investigate the cellular origin of post-transplant solid tumor neoplasias found in women having received a bone marrow transplant at our facility. In women having received bone marrow transplantation from male siblings we found colonic adenomas post-transplant. Presence of donor-derived cells were examined using a combination of immunohistochemistry for cells expressing the pan-leukocyte antigen, CD45, and the colonocyte antigen, cytokeratin 20, in conjunction with fluorescent in situ hybridization for X and Y chromosomes. Confocal microscopy was used to evaluate for evidence of cell fusion. In these cases, recipients of gender-mismatched transplants showed evidence of Y-chromosome positive, cytokeratin positive cells within the adenomas. The male cells accounted for 1 to 4% of the adenoma cells in histologic section. Confocal microscopy permitted evaluation of entire nuclei (Z-stack steps of 0.25 microns) and demonstrated no male cell with more than one X chromosome. A total of 40 male cells expressing cytokeratin were found throughout the adenomas. When considering how bone marrow derived cells incorporate into colonic adenomas, two possibilities should be regarded. First, bone marrow derived cells may migrate to neoplasias due to upregulation of tumor growth factors, which also act as inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1). Up- or down-regulating SDF-1 has profound effects on recruiting circulating bone marrow stem/progenitor cells for engraftment as end-organ epithelia. SDF-1 staining of the colonic adenomas found in our patients demonstrated intense, patchy SDF-1 expression compared to normal colonic epithelia. Second, roving donor-derived bone marrow cells may have engulfed the recipient adenoma cells. A donor scavenger cell could have phagocytosed an apoptotic adenoma cell. In these situations the fusion of nuclear material should result in a multiplicity of sex chromosomes (XXY or XXXY). However, as noted, the donor-derived epithelial cells within the adenomas demonstrated no extra X chromosomes. In the liver, where cell fusion has been demonstrated in severe disease stress states, it has been postulated that 28% of donor-derived hepatocytes are due to reduction division, resulting in diploid daughter cells. Based on the probability of binomial distribution, the chance that we would find 40 out of 40 diploid donor-derived epithelial cells amidst a background fusion resolution rate of 28% is one in 1x10e22. Thus, direct differentiation, rather then absolutely complete and perfect resolution of every fusion event is the most likely explanation of our current findings.
1D oxide nanostructures based chemical sensors for noninvasive medical diagnosis

Chemical sensors based on chemiresistive properties of metal oxide semiconductors are promising for the detection of exhaled gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These species have their origin determined by the health status of the body and hence, their detection provides a pathway for noninvasive medical diagnosis. Their concentrations are generally too low and hence, highly sensitive devices are required for detection. Such chemical sensors can be developed with the help of unique one-dimensional nanoarchitectures. We illustrate this by considering the cases of titania nanotube array based hydrogen sensors and zinc oxide nanotube-nanowire structure based VOC sensors.
Statin-associated muscle symptoms—Managing the highly intolerant

Musculoskeletal symptoms are the most commonly reported adverse effects associated with statin therapy. Yet, certain data indicate that these symptoms often present in populations with underlying musculoskeletal complaints and are not likely statin related. Switching statins or using lower doses resolves muscle complaints in most patients. However, there is a growing population of individuals who experience intolerable musculoskeletal symptoms with multiple statins, regardless of the individual agent or prescribed dose. Recent randomized, placebo-controlled trials enrolling highly intolerant subjects provide significant insight regarding statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). Notable findings include the inconsistency with reproducing muscle complaints, as approximately 40% of subjects report SAMS when taking a statin but not while receiving placebo, but a substantial cohort reports intolerable muscle symptoms with placebo but none when on a statin. These data validate SAMS for those likely experiencing true intolerance, but for others, suggest a psychosomatic component or misattribution of the source of pain and highlights the importance of differentiating from the musculoskeletal symptoms caused by concomitant factors. Managing the highly intolerant requires candid patient counseling, shared decision-making, eliminating contributing factors, careful clinical assessment and the use of a myalgia index score, and isolating potential muscle-related adverse events by gradually reintroducing drug therapy with the utilization of intermittent dosing of lipid-altering agents. We provide a review of recent data and therapeutic guidance involving a focused step-by-step approach for managing SAMS among the highly intolerant. Such strategies usually allow for clinically meaningful reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and an overall lowering of cardiovascular risk.
Differences in physical health, and health behaviors between family caregivers of children with and without disabilities.

Abstract Background Providing care for children with disabilities can negatively influence the physical health and health behaviors of family caregivers. Objectives/hypothesis The study purposes were to compare the prevalence of chronic conditions and health risk behaviors of family caregivers of children with and without disabilities and to examine associations between disability status of children and family caregivers' chronic conditions and health risk behaviors. Methods This study compared chronic conditions and health risk behaviors across adult family caregivers of children with a disability (FCG-D) and family caregivers of children without a disability (FCG) living in a U.S. household using 2015 National Health Interview Survey data. Health risk behaviors were defined as heavy drinking, current smoking, physical inactivity, and unhealthy sleep. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to compare chronic conditions and health risk behaviors between FCG-D and FCG with adjustments for demographic and healthcare coverage covariates. Results FCG-D showed significantly greater likelihoods of chronic conditions (e.g., asthma, back pain, chronic bronchitis, heart conditions, migraine, and obesity) than FCG. FCG-D also exhibited significantly more smoking and unhealthy sleep. Conclusions Family caregivers of children with a disability reported significantly greater likelihoods of various chronic conditions and were more likely to engage in health risk behaviors (smoking and unhealthy sleep). Further study is needed to develop intervention programs for encouraging effective health-promoting behaviors among family caregivers of children with a disability as well as health policies for decreasing health disparities experienced by this population.
Flow Control of Large-Scale Air Traffic Systems

Abstract Flow control is that part of an air traffic management system, in which control actions to avoid traffic congestion are considered. The aim is to redistribute traffic flows so as to fit air traffic demand to the system capacity and in the same time to minimize the possibility of unsafe conditions, incovenience and costs. Different levels of intervention can be defined according to the size of the area interested by the demand overload and to the time interval of the forecasted congestion. As a consequence, a flow control system generally proves to be a multi-level system acting on a large network of routes. In this paper, a model of an automated flow control system is considered and a particular mathematical approach is proposed. Then a linear constrained optimization problem on a multicommodity flow network is defined. To solve the resulting large-scale problem, a suitable decomposition technique is used. Finally, the model and the algorithm are tested on a case-study and the results are discussed.
Task-based statistical image reconstruction for high-quality cone-beam CT

Task-based analysis of medical imaging performance underlies many ongoing efforts in the development of new imaging systems. In statistical image reconstruction, regularization is often formulated in terms to encourage smoothness and/or sharpness (e.g. a linear, quadratic, or Huber penalty) but without explicit formulation of the task. We propose an alternative regularization approach in which a spatially varying penalty is determined that maximizes task-based imaging performance at every location in a 3D image. We apply the method to model-based image reconstruction (MBIR-viz., penalized weighted least-squares, PWLS) in cone-beam CT (CBCT) of the head, focusing on the task of detecting a small, low-contrast intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and we test the performance of the algorithm in the context of a recently developed CBCT prototype for point-of-care imaging of brain injury. Theoretical predictions of local spatial resolution and noise are computed via an optimization by which regularization (specifically, the quadratic penalty strength) is allowed to vary throughout the image to maximize local task-based detectability index ([Formula: see text]). Simulation studies and test-bench experiments were performed using an anthropomorphic head phantom. Three PWLS implementations were tested: conventional (constant) penalty; a certainty-based penalty derived to enforce constant point-spread function, PSF; and the task-based penalty derived to maximize local detectability at each location. Conventional (constant) regularization exhibited a fairly strong degree of spatial variation in [Formula: see text], and the certainty-based method achieved uniform PSF, but each exhibited a reduction in detectability compared to the task-based method, which improved detectability up to ~15%. The improvement was strongest in areas of high attenuation (skull base), where the conventional and certainty-based methods tended to over-smooth the data. The task-driven reconstruction method presents a promising regularization method in MBIR by explicitly incorporating task-based imaging performance as the objective. The results demonstrate improved ICH conspicuity and support the development of high-quality CBCT systems.
MRI and fMRI for Neuromodulation

Abstract Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are revolutionizing our understanding of brain structure and function. The integration of this technology in patients with neuromodulation devices raises some compatibility and safety concerns. With better understanding of these interactions, investigators have successfully used functional neuroimaging to discover the mechanisms underlying therapeutic neuromodulation. Diffusion tensor imaging has improved the visualization of neural networks of interest for stereotactic targeting. More recently the integration of MRI with focused ultrasound allows for precise transcranial therapeutic ablation for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Identifying Classroom Friendships: Teachers’ Confidence and Agreement With Children:

We conducted an exploratory study to investigate teachers’ confidence and agreement with children when teachers and children identified close classroom friendships. Participants comprised six kinde...
Ultralow Input–Output Capacitance PCB-Embedded Dual-Output Gate-Drive Power Supply for 650 V GaN-Based Half-Bridges

Wide-bandgap devices have been widely used to reduce the size and increase the efficiency of power converters by operating at a high switching frequency, at the expense of heightened radiated and conducted electromagnetic inference (EMI) emissions, of which the latter circulates through the power loop and ancillary circuitry. In effect, the parasitic isolation capacitance $C_{i}$ of the gate-driver power supply represents a key EMI propagation path to be controlled in order to ensure the operational integrity of power converters. To this end, this paper proposes an integrated, dual-output gate-drive power supply for gallium-nitride (GaN) 650 V, 60 A, half-bridge phase legs, rated at 2 W (2 × 1 W), 15 to 2 × 7 V, featuring an ultralow $C_{i}$ of 1.6 pF, an output-to-output parasitic capacitance of 1.6 pF, a power density of 72 W/in3, and an efficiency of 85%. All this is attained using an active-clamp flyback converter switching at 1 MHz using 65 V GaN high-electron-mobility transistor devices and Schottky output rectifiers, and a Pareto-optimized transformer design minimizing its interwinding capacitances, volume, and losses. Finally, the transformer is fully embedded in a printed circuit board (PCB) material, doubling as a substrate for the topside active layer of the power supply. The paper presents the complete design procedure, processing, and experimental demonstration of the proposed integrated power supply, evaluating as well the reliability impact of the magnetic-PCB material interface in high ambient temperature applications (>200 °C).
Formation of Floral Organs

The formation of floral organs on the meristem follows on the heels of evocation and overlaps with evocation. The conventional angiosperm flower is made up of four whorls of modified leaves constituting the sterile and fertile parts. The sterile parts consist of an outer whorl of sepals that are usually green and enclose the rest of the flower before it opens, and an inner whorl of brightly colored petals that aid in attracting insects and other pollinators. Aggregates of sepals and petals in a flower are known, respectively, as the calyx and the corolla. The fertile organs of the flower directly concerned with sexual reproduction are the stamens, representing the male units, and the carpels (or the pistil, consisting of one or more carpels), representing the female units. Collectively, the stamens and carpels constitute, respectively, the androecium and the gynoecium. These four whorls are produced in acropetal sequence by the floral meristem in the correct numbers of units and are precisely determined according to a blueprint characteristic of each species.
The Waste Disposal Risk

When fuels are burned to release energy, the fuel materials don’t just disappearas the old adage goes, “matter can neither be created nor destroyed”but rather they are converted into other forms that we call “wastes.” This is true whether we burn uranium in nuclear reactions, or coal, oil, or gas in chemical reactions, and in all of these cases these wastes are responsible for the principal adverse effects of energy generation on our environment. We can therefore gain some useful perspective on the waste problem by starting off with a brief discussion of the wastes from coal burning, which is the principal competitor with nuclear power as a source of electricity.
Iterative schemes for elliptic systems

where C = C* (conjugate transpose) is a positive definite n × n matrix, and U is an n × n matrix. The results for the system (i) are analogous to those obtained by Bergman and Schiffer [i] for the scalar case. Particular attention must be paid to the order of the matrix entries in the various representation formulae, however, because of the general noncommutivity of these terms. By introducing an "inner product' structure for n×n matrices V, W 6 C'(D)
Quantifying uncertainty in simulated streamflow and runoff from a continental-scale monthly water balance model

Abstract One important component of continental-scale hydrologic modeling is quantifying the level of uncertainty in long-term hydrologic simulations and providing a range of possible simulated streamflow and/or runoff values for gaged and ungaged locations. In this paper, uncertainty was quantified for simulated streamflow and runoff generated from a monthly water balance model (MWBM) at 1575 streamgages and 109,951 hydrologic response units (HRUs), which span the conterminous United States (CONUS). A stochastic-approach, which incorporated the properties of modeled streamflow residuals back into the simulated model output, was used to create time series of upper and lower uncertainty intervals (UIs) around the simulated monthly time series. This approach was applied to an existing hydrologic regionalization implementation. Metrics used to evaluate the UIs across the CONUS (the coverage ratio, average width index, and interval skill score) indicated that on average the UIs were reliable, skillful, and sharp in being able to both contain measured streamflow observations and reduce estimates of uncertainty based on expected model predictions. These uncertainty evaluation metrics can complement each other in characterizing model skill and uncertainty over large-scale domains.
Chapter 14 – Derivations with Vectors

Vector geometry and the meaning of the derivative can be combined to describe the motion of many real objects. This chapter offers a few examples of this powerful combination, such as wheel rolling on wheels. It also explains the perfecto skier project. This project investigates the 3-D effect of sliding down a slippery slope. The component of the force because of graivty acts opposite the gradient, but motion under this acceleration does not produce gradient trajectories.
Parenting in Context: Associations of Parental Depression and Socioeconomic Factors with Parenting Behaviors

The current study examined the unique and combined associations of parental depression and socioeconomic disadvantage with parenting behaviors in parents with a history of depression. A sample of 180 parents with a history of major depressive disorder and one of their children (ages 9–15 years old) completed a videorecorded conversation task and parents completed self-report measures of depression symptoms and socioeconomic variables (parental education, income, marital status). Parental depression symptoms and socioeconomic variables were related to higher levels of harsh and withdrawn parenting in univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, socioeconomic factors were significant predictors of both types of disrupted parenting. However, while parental depression symptoms remained a significant predictor of withdrawn parenting, they no longer significantly predicted harsh parenting when socioeconomic factors were included in multivariate analyses. Results highlight the importance of considering the economic context of families, particularly the impact of socioeconomic disadvantage on parenting behaviors in a sample of depressed parents.
Task-Based Language Learning in a Real-World Digital Environment: The European Digital Kitchen, edited by Paul Seedhouse

Task-Based Language Learning in a Real-World Digital Environment: The European Digital Kitchen Edited by Paul Seedhouse London, England: Bloomsbury US $128 ISBN 9781474264075 (Hardback) 304 pages 2017
Spectrally-resolved interferometric imaging by very large-scale silicon-photonic integrated circuits (VLSPIC) (Conference Presentation)

This paper discusses design, fabrication, and experimental demonstration of very large-scale silicon photonic integrated circuits (VLSPIC) that include spectrometers, interferometers, and phase tuners to reconstruct spectrally resolved images. Recently-fabricated VLSPICs included 18 spectral bins and 12 baselines, successfully reconstructing reference images.
Conclusion: Peace in the Free State? 1932–1937

The conclusion examines the Free State after Eamon de Valera’s election as president and his almost immediate move to abolish imperial vestiges from the Treaty, like the oath of allegiance, within the Irish government. He took an even more ambivalent and disinterested stance on Great War remembrance than his predecessor. This shift in political power to Fianna Fail encouraged republicans in their hope that the remaining imperial events and symbols would be eradicated. When this did not happen republicans took matters into their own hands wreaking havoc on would-be commemorators. By the mid-1930s any room for negotiating a place for the Great War and its veterans in the Free State had dissipated in the face of republican anger, official disinterest, and stonewalling.
Ectopic Fat and Insulin Resistance in Youth

Insulin resistance exerts a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related comorbidities. A growing body of evidence has pointed out that ectopic fat distribution, instead of total adiposity, is the main predictor of metabolic derangement in adults and children. Indeed, lipid accumulation in insulin-sensitive organs, such as liver and skeletal muscle, might impair insulin action leading to insulin resistance. In this chapter, we review the scientific evidence of association between ectopic fat deposition and reduced insulin resistance in youth. Moreover, we review the possible mechanisms that are involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
The Paf1 Complex and P-TEFb have reciprocal and antagonist roles in maintaining multipotent neural crest progenitors

Multipotent progenitor populations are necessary for generating diverse tissue types during embryogenesis. We show the RNA polymerase-associated factor 1 complex (Paf1C) is required to maintain multipotent progenitors of the neural crest (NC) lineage in zebrafish. Mutations affecting each Paf1C component result in near-identical NC phenotypes; alyron mutant embryos carrying a null mutation in paf1 were analyzed in detail. In the absence of zygotic paf1 function, definitive premigratory NC progenitors arise but fail to maintain expression of the sox10 specification gene. The mutant NC progenitors migrate aberrantly and fail to differentiate appropriately. Blood and germ cell progenitor development is affected similarly. Development of mutant NC could be rescued by additional loss of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) activity, a key factor in promoting transcription elongation. Consistent with the interpretation that inhibiting/delaying expression of some genes is essential for maintaining progenitors, mutant embryos lacking the CDK9 kinase component of P-TEFb exhibit a surfeit of NC progenitors and their derivatives. We propose Paf1C and P-TEFb act antagonistically to regulate the timing of the expression of genes needed for NC development.
Comparing cervical maturation in preterm and term birth mouse models with Raman spectroscopy (Conference Presentation)

Preterm birth (PTB), when defined as labor before 37 weeks of gestation, affects approximately 1 out of every 10 births in the United States, leading to high rates of mortality. Complete understanding of the mechanism of PTB requires non-invasive, multi-modal techniques that can provide information about the cascade of labor onset. This study compares the cervical remodeling in wild-type term and induced preterm mouse models using Raman spectroscopy. This study demonstrates the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a non-invasive, real-time in-vivo modality to understand cervix remodeling, thus guiding future studies to improve reproductive and neonatal outcomes.
Current Trends in Adapted Physical Education on the College Level

(1967). Current Trends in Adapted Physical Education on the College Level. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 38, No. 7, pp. 63-66.
The Judicial Restraint of the Warren Court (and Why it Matters)

In politics and in academia, the Warren Court is virtually synonymous with the term judicial activism. Yet this article points out another side of the Warren Court's jurisprudence - its restraint towards congressional power, especially when Congress used that power to protect the rights of minorities in our society. It consider the role of a particular set of rights - rights of belonging - those rights that that promote an inclusive vision of who belongs to the national community and facilitate equal membership in that community. Understanding the Warren Court's restraint provides an opportunity to reconsider the proper relationship between courts and legislatures with regard to rights of belonging. Historically, Congress has done considerably more to protect those rights, and I argue that Congress is institutionally better suited to do so. Moreover, prior to the Warren Court, supporters of rights of belonging, not their opponents, were the staunchest opponents of judicial activism. My account goes against the conventional wisdom that courts, not legislatures, are best suited to protect rights of belonging. The Warren Court's activism in protecting individual rights is the basis for this conventional paradigm. Yet the Framers of the Fourteenth Amendment intended Congress, not federal courts, to be the primary protectors of those rights. The Warren Court understood this, and allowed Congress ample opportunity to do so. Starting in the early 1960s, Congress enacted numerous measures expanding the rights of minorities to belong in our civic society. Hence, the judicial restraint of the Warren Court, not its activism, has made the most positive impact on rights of belonging in this country. Understanding the judicial restraint of the Warren Court also provides an opportunity to reconsider the proper role of moral values in our political debate. Conservatives often argue that legislatures, not courts, should determine matters of moral values. I agree, and argue that a healthy political debate over values not only will strengthen our civil society, but it will also result in expanding rights of belonging in our society.
Visual outcomes following cataract surgery in age-related macular degeneration patients

Abstract Objective To evaluate visual acuity (VA) outcomes, prognostic factors, and changes in disease severity in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) undergoing cataract surgery. Design Retrospective cohort study Participants Patients with AMD or healthy control patients who underwent cataract surgery between 2012 and 2017. Methods Eyes were categorized into 3 AMD groups—intermediate AMD (iAMD), fovea-involving geographic atrophy (GA), neovascular AMD (nAMD)—and 3 preoperative VA-matched control groups (iAMDc), fovea-involving geographic atrophy control (GAc), neovaascular AMD control (nAMDc). Results We compared 216 iAMD, 35 GA, and 184 nAMD eyes with 130, 31, and 129 controls. At postoperative month 12 (POM12), VA increased significantly in iAMD and nAMD (+10.1 ± 14.5 and +9.7 ± 18.9 letters, p Conclusions Cataract surgery improves VA for patients with iAMD and nAMD, albeit not to the level of those without retinal pathology. Preoperative VA, AMD duration, and optical coherence tomography parameters may be important prognostic factors for cataract surgery in patients with AMD.
Benchmarking and optimization of a high-throughput sequencing based method for transgene sequence variant analysis in biotherapeutic cell line development.

In recent years High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) based methods to detect mutations in biotherapeutic transgene products have become a key quality step deployed during the development of manufacturing cell line clones. Previously we reported on a higher throughput, rapid mutation detection method based on amplicon sequencing (targeting transgene RNA) and detailed its implementation to facilitate cell line clone selection. By gaining experience with our assay in a diverse set of cell line development programs, we improved the computational analysis as well as experimental protocols. Here we report on these improvements as well as on a comprehensive benchmarking of our assay. We evaluated assay performance by mixing amplicon samples of a verified mutated antibody clone with a non-mutated antibody clone to generate spike-in mutations from ∼60% down to ∼0.3% frequencies. We subsequently tested the effect of 16 different sample and HTS library preparation protocols on the assay's ability to quantify mutations and on the occurrence of false-positive background error mutations (artifacts). Our evaluation confirmed assay robustness, established a high confidence limit of detection of ∼0.6%, and identified protocols that reduce error levels thereby significantly reducing a source of false positives that bottlenecked the identification of low-level true mutations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Learning-Forgetting-Fatigue-Recovery Simulation Model

The present research aims to correlate the performance loss of a worker and fatigue during a day-work journey of a maintenance routine. The learning-forgetting-fatigue-recovery model seeks to answer why a worker cannot carry out such a maintenance routine for three or four hours long with a steady performance. Learning happens if someone performs a task multiple times. However, under fatigue, the worker will make more errors and lead to a longer completion time. On the other hand, forgetting occurs after a break, but due to recovery, s/he will make fewer mistakes, so the completion time tends to decrease. The current study results determine the best work and break configuration to minimize the whole maintenance routine duration based on the learning-forgetting-fatigue-recovery model.
Adapt - On-farm changes in the face of climate change: NRCS Area 2

The agricultural economy is more vulnerable to projected changes in climate in some California counties than in others. This flyer highlights on-farm adaptation strategies to mitigate some of the effects of increased winter temperatures and more frequent summer heatwaves. Projected conditions will put the most strain on heat intolerant crops and crops with high chill requirements. When crops with these characteristics also have a high market value or are grown in large acreage, counties can be at risk for economic declines. Information on this flyer identifies the most vulnerable counties in California NRCS Area 2 for six key, climate-sensitive crops.
Contracting on What Firm Owners Value

We revisit foundational questions in agency theory while assuming that the agent can fine-tune the joint distribution of all contractible and non-contractible performance measures. Under this assumption, optimal contracts behave as if the principal were making inferences about the outcome she values rather than about the agent's action. This has significant implications for what measures are included in contracts and how those measures are used. Most importantly, Holmstrom's (1979) informativeness principle changes. A performance measure is valuable if it improves inferences not about the agent's action, but about the outcome the principal values; and if that outcome is contractible, additional measures have no value. Our model predicts that contracts should be written only on outcomes that firm owners value, consistent with real-world contracts that tie executive pay to only a handful of accounting, market, or nonfinancial measures.
Active Online Calibration of Multiple Sensors for Autonomous Surface Vessels

We present an approach to actively calibrate the exteroceptive sensors of an Autonomous Surface Vessel (ASV) autonomously. The approach consists of locating suitable calibration sites in the environment from aerial imagery, navigating to them, gathering calibration data and estimating the required parameters from data. We have conducted experiments using an ASV in a lake to validate our approach.
A rescheduling and cost allocation mechanism for delayed arrivals

We propose a solution to the problem of rescheduling a sequence of arrivals that are subject to a delay event at a common destination. Such situations include jobs arriving at a single production facility, aircraft whose landings are postponed, and ships that are inbound to a dock or lightering facility. Each arrival faces a nonlinear cost due to the delay, but the delay costs can be mitigated by allowing the arrivals to be reordered. We optimize the reordering process by designing a Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism to construct a payoff matrix describing the amounts necessary to move the currently assigned arrival slots either earlier or later. Using this payoff matrix, we compute the optimal reordering of the arrivals by utilizing the well-known solution to the assignment problem, which maximizes the benefit in a computationally efficient fashion. The VCG mechanism is strategyproof, that is, no arrival has an incentive to misreport the value of moving up or down in the sequence. We also show that participating in the centralized process is to no arrival's disadvantage. Because VCG procedures in general are subject to budget deficits, we provide alternative mechanisms to overcome this difficulty. Finally, we carry out computational experiments demonstrating that the VCG mechanism can be implemented for realistically-sized problem sets and that the cost savings are significant. We reschedule arrivals at a processing center that are subject to a delay.Rescheduling is done according to a Vickrey-Clarke-Groves mechanism.The mechanism is strategyproof so no arrival has incentive to misreport.The mechanism runs a standard assignment problem and is computationally efficient.We present computational results and show that the cost savings are very significant.
Net glucuronidation in different rat strains: importance of microsomal beta-glucuronidase.

The net glucuronidation of bilirubin (BR) has been determined in inbred and outbred rat strains and their subpopulations with similar glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) activity but with different levels of beta-glucuronidase (beta G) (EC 3.2.1.31), or in which the level of beta G activity was reduced with D-glucaro-1,4-lactone. These studies demonstrated that outbred rat strains consist of two subpopulations that differ approximately 1.5- to two-fold in serum and liver beta G activity. Evidence is presented indicating that owing to its compartmentalization the lysosomal beta G, unlike the corresponding microsomal enzyme, is neither inhibited by glucarolactone nor accessible for hydrolysis of newly synthesized glucuronides. The ratio of glucuronidated to unconjugated BR 15 min after injection of albumin-bound BR into the tail vein appears to correlate negatively with the liver microsomal beta G activity. The results may be relevant to the relative risk to toxins, including carcinogens, and to their red...