cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic operand modification for reduced power multiplication

We present and analyze a methodology to reduce power dissipation in binary multiplication. Our methodology is based on the observation that any n by n bit multiplication of two operands A and B can be expressed by a variety of products like e.g. A/spl middot/B, B/spl middot/A, (-A)/spl middot/(-B), -((-A)/spl middot/B), and so on, all specifying the same value, each of which being associated with a different energy consumption of the underlying multiplier computation. Given a first operand A and a second operand B, all modified operands of the product choices from the above have in common that they can easily be generated from A and B by conditional switching and complementation and that they can serve as inputs for a conventional binary multiplier with almost unchanged internal structure. We propose selection among the modified operand choices targeting reduced power dissipation within the multiplier. For the proposed operand selection schemes, the potential power savings is analyzed depending on the operand bit width n.
Randomized greedy matching. II

We consider the following randomized algorithm for finding a matching M in an arbitrary graph G = (V, E). Repeatedly, choose a random vertex u, then a random neighbour v of u. Add edge {u, v} to M and delete vertices u, v from G along with any vertices that become isolated. Our main result is that there exists a positive constant ϵ such that the expected ratio of the size of the matching produced to the size of largest matching in G is at least 0.5 + ϵ. We obtain stronger results for sparse graphs and trees and consider extensions to hypergraphs. © 1995 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Firm Size and Research Activity: France and the United States

I. Introduction, 386. — II. Comparative concentration of research activity in France and the United States, 388. — III. Comparative absolute firm size and research intensity in France and the United States, 391. — IV. Comparative seller concentration and research intensity in France and the United States, 400. — V. Firm size and research intensity in France, 403. — VI. Study of other industrial economies, 407. — VII. Conclusions, 408.
Identification and Referral of Families at High Risk for Cancer Susceptibility

PURPOSE: Obtainment of family history and accurate assessment is essential for the identification of families at risk for hereditary cancer. Our study compared the extent to which the family cancer history in the physician medical record reflected that entered by patients directly into a touch-screen family history computer program. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 362 patients seen at a comprehensive cancer center ambulatory clinic over a 1-year period who voluntarily used the computer program and were a mixture of new and return patients. The computer entry was assessed by genetics staff and then compared with the medical record for corroboration of family history information and appropriate physician risk assessment. RESULTS: Family history information from the medical record was available for comparison to the computer entry in 69%. It was most often completed on new patients only and not routinely updated. Of the 362 computer entries, 101 were assigned to a high-risk category. Evid...
Exploring old and new media: Comparing military blogs to Civil War letters:

Comparing new media to older media can help identify fundamental uses and perceived effects of communication technology. This study analyzes one soldier’s milblog (military blog) and one Civil War soldier’s letters and diaries to understand how milblogs compare to older forms of soldier correspondence. Despite the overt distinction in technical systems utilized, this analysis demonstrated that the communications through the milblog and letters/diaries share tremendous similarities. In composing their correspondence through these distinct media, each soldier maintained similar anxieties over technological affordances, perceptions of their audience, and motivations for corresponding. Though there were certainly differences in style and content, little that was done or accomplished via the milblog was without direct precedent in the Civil War letters and diaries.
After biocontrol: assessing indirect effects of insect releases

Development of biological control agents for weeds has been motivated by the need to reduce the abundance and distribution of a pest plant where chemical and mechanical control were not cost effective. Primary objectives have been direct reduction in abundance of the target and, secondarily, the increase of desirable species. Recently, wildland weeds have become a focus of biological control projects. Here, desired outcomes include both reduction of the target and indirect effects of increased diversity and abundance of native species and restoration of ecosystem services. However, goals and benefits of biocontrol programs are not always well-articulated and direct and indirect impacts are not easily predicted. We evaluated the extent to which several successful biological control projects for weeds of rangelands and waterways measured indirect impacts on invaded ecosystems. We also examined biocontrol of a wildland pest tree for which the principal objective is restoration of ecosystem services. We found few quantitative assessments of the impacts of pest plant reduction on community composition or ecosystem processes. All examples documented variation in the impacts of agent(s) across the invasive range of the target plant as well as variation in impacts on the invaded ecosystem. However, without appropriate quantitative information, we cannot evaluate site characteristics that may influence vegetation responses. Most successful weed management programs integrated the use of biocontrol agents with other weed management strategies, especially modifications of disturbance and competing vegetation. Discussion and evaluation of responses of nontarget species would improve our understanding of the context-specificity of outcomes.
Habitat heterogeneity and activity of an omnivorous ecosystem engineer control stream community dynamics

All communities vary through time. This variability originates from both intrinsic and extrinsic sources. Intrinsic sources are due to actions of organisms in a community, i.e., population dynamics and species interactions, while extrinsic variability is variability created by elements of habitat or environmental change. There is a growing appreciation that these two sources may interact, producing patterns of community variability that cannot be predicted or explained by focusing on a single source. We performed a field experiment that simultaneously manipulated trophic structure (intrinsic) and habitat heterogeneity (extrinsic) in order to examine the interaction between sources of variability in a South Carolina (USA) stream macroinvertebrate community. To manipulate trophic structure, we experimentally altered local abundances of crayfish which are keystone species and ecosystem engineers, while our manipulation of habitat was to alter stream substrate heterogeneity. We focused on two types of community variability as responses to our manipulations: aggregate variability (i.e., variability of summed species) and compositional variability (i.e., variability in relative abundances of species) by monitoring community composition through a 10-week experiment. We found that community dynamics shifted from patterns in variability indicative of synchrony (high aggregate variability + low compositional) to variability indicative of compensation (low aggregate variability + high compositional) along a gradient of increasing habitat heterogeneity. However, the shift in community dynamics only occurred when crayfish were present in the community. Supporting evidence from the experiment suggested that sediment engineering effects of crayfish acted as a community-wide perturbation in low-heterogeneity habitat creating synchronous dynamics. However, in high-heterogeneity enclosures, crayfish effects were moderated by refugia provided by a more complex substratum. The switch from synchronous to compensatory dynamics is significant since compensation stabilizes aggregate community properties and ecosystem functions while synchrony frequently exacerbates aggregate variability. Results from this experiment demonstrate that an interaction between intrinsic and extrinsic sources of variability can alter community dynamics and that such an alteration does not occur in the absence of an interaction.
Palliative and End-of-Life Care in Lung Cancer: Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines

Background In the United States, lung cancer is a major health problem that is associated with significant patient distress and often limited survival, with some exceptions. The purpose of this article is to address the role of palliative and end-of-life care in the management of patients with lung cancer and to address the need for good communication skills to provide support to patients and families. Methods This article is based on an extensive review of the medical literature up to April 2012, with some articles as recent as August 2012. The authors used the PubMed and Cochrane databases, as well as EBESCO Host search, for articles addressing palliative care, supportive care, lung neoplasm, and quality of life in cancer or neoplasm, with no limitation on dates. The research was limited to human studies and the English language. Results There was no "definitive" work in this area, most of it being concurrence based rather than evidence based. Several randomized controlled trials were identified, which are reviewed in the text. The article focuses on the assessment and treatment of suffering in patients with lung cancer, as well as the importance of communication in the care of these patients over the course of the disease. The aim of medical care for patients with terminal lung cancer is to decrease symptom burden, enhance the quality of remaining life, and increase survival benefit. A second objective is to emphasize the importance of good communication skills when addressing the needs of the patient and his or her family, starting at the time of diagnosis, which in itself is a life-changing event. Too often we do it poorly, but by using patient-centered communication skills, the outcome can be more satisfactory. Finally, the article addresses the importance of advance care planning for patients with lung cancer, from the time of diagnosis until the last phase of the illness, and it is designed to enhance the physician's role in facilitating this planning process. Conclusions This article provides guidance on how to reduce patient distress and avoid nonbeneficial treatment in patients with lung cancer. The goal is to decrease symptom burden, enhance quality of life, and increase survival benefit. Good communication and advance care planning are vital to the process.
Training family therapists: an experimental analysis.

Abstract This study implemented and evaluated a training program (a written manual, videotaped models, rehearsal, role plays, and performance feedback) designed to teach five subjects the skills to become effective family therapists. The study examined the therapists' use of three target behaviors: instructing, informing, and praising. The therapists, each paired with a parent and a preschool-aged child (2 1/2-4 1/2 yr old), were trained in the clinic to use, and to teach to the parents, several behavioral skills (e.g., praising, planned ignoring, and time-out) relevant to teaching children compliance to parental instructions. A multiple-baseline design across triads (therapist/parent/child) demonstrated that after the training program was instituted, the therapists increased their rates of instructing, praising, and informing the parents; all parents increased attention to compliance, decreased attention to noncompliance, and increased rates of praise to their children; and all children increased their compliance and decreased their noncompliance.
Cutaneous Papillomatosis in a Dog with Malignant Lymphoma following Long-Term Chemotherapy

A 9-year-old Golden Retriever dog developed myriad papillomatous lesions affecting skin near the right eye, upper and lower lips, and inguinal and perineal regions. These lesions had slowly progressed and regressed over an 8-month period; they first appeared as macules, then appeared later as papules, nodules, or plaques 3‐8 mm in diameter. The lesions ultimately progressed in size and number and developed a fissured wart-like appearance (Fig. 1). The cutaneous lesions developed concurrently with the dog’s long-term medical management for malignant lymphoma. Four years earlier, the dog’s right thyroid gland had been removed surgically because of thyroid adenocarcinoma. Twenty-seven months before developing papillomas, the dog was examined because of generalized, multicentric lymphadenopathy. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a small-cell malignant lymphoma. The tumor was characterized by immunohistochemistry as a T-cell lymphoma, based on reactivity of the tumor with the CD3 antibody and negative reactivity with monoclonal antibodies for B-cell specific markers CD79a and CD45RA. 4
Model‐Based Design for Preparing Styrene/Methyl Methacrylate Structural Gradient Copolymers

Because of the complexity of monomer sequence formation during polymerization, it is necessary to employ programmed synthesis to prepare copolymers with well-defined sequences. We introduce a computational tool that can generate recipes to synthesize copolymers with pre-designed monomer sequences. An efficient design strategy was crafted based on analyzing the impact of varying multiple synthesis factors in forced gradient copolymerization on the targeted properties. Finally, the proposed design tool was applied to generate recipes for several different structural gradient copolymers as case studies. It was shown that a recipe that meets certain targets can be designed in minutes. The recipes that are designed can also be tailored according to different application requirements.
Peptide-linked iodotyrosines and iodothyronines in the blood of a patient with congenital goiter.

A case of congenital goitrous hypothyroidism is reported. Studies were made to determine whether a metabolic defect was present. Intravenously administered I131-labeled diiodotyrosine and thyroxine were metabolized normally. Electrophoresis of plasma proteins after in vitro addition of I131-labeled thyroxine demonstrated normal amounts of thyroxine-binding protein. I131 was rapidly concentrated by the gland, and administration of potassium thiocyanate did not cause the release of trapped iodide. Endogenously labeled material in the serum was 60–65 per cent insoluble in butanol. The soluble fraction proved to be thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Starch-block electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation identified the butanol-insoluble portion as an abnormal iodinated protein having the mobility of albumin. This protein was not precipitated by equine anti-human serum albumin. After enzymatic hydrolysis of plasma, mono- and diiodotyrosine, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine were identified on paper chromatograms. This...
Educating engineers to be managers: an uneasy alliance between companies and colleges

Summary form only given. Over 500 Silicon Valley engineers enrolled in MBA programs were surveyed. Approximately 200 different companies were represented. Further insights emerged from follow-up respondent interviews and extensive discussions with human resource managers from four different companies along with identifying potential opportunities. Empirical evidence provides both point and counterpoint to popular fallacies about educating engineers. For example, significant numbers are leaving technical areas for other disciplines (non-technical) and management positions; most organizations do not treat education as an investment, failing to capitalize on increased employee competencies; and higher education increases an employee's expectations and has a lagged-time effect on turnover. >
Development and Initial Validation of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms-34

A short version of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms–62 (CCAPS-62) was created via three studies. The final short version (CCAPS-34), which contains 34 items and 7 subscale...
Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnoses in the Criminal Justice System: An Analysis of the Compatibility of Current DSM-IV, Proposed DSM-5.0, and DSM-5.1 Diagnostic Criteria in a Correctional Sample

This study explored the compatibility between the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse and dependence with the initial (DSM-5.0) and most recent (DSM-5.1) proposed diagnostic criteria. Data drawn from a structured clinical interview used in the assessment of 6,871 male and 801 female state prison inmates were analyzed according to the existing and proposed diagnostic formulations. The greatest congruence was observed in cases that received no diagnosis according to the DSM-IV-TR because these also received no diagnosis in the DSM-5.1. Most cases with a current dependence diagnosis received a severe designation according to the proposed criteria. However, those with an abuse diagnosis were divided across various DSM-5.1 severity levels. Some diagnostic criteria were nearly universally endorsed among those classified with the highest severity levels, which indicated that some criteria may serve as cardinal indicators of a severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD). Additional diagnostic criteria not yet suggested for inclusion in the DSM (i.e., preoccupation with alcohol use and alcohol use to relieve emotional distress) were also evaluated. Evidence demonstrated these two criteria served as functional indicators of alcohol use disorder (AUD). This assessment approach can be used to establish appropriate treatment objectives based on the severity of diagnosed AUDs. Meeting these treatment objectives, especially in a correctional population, may have important implications for future offending. Recommendations are made for prospective research in this area.
UHF FM quasi-synchronous transmission system using site located atomic references

When a quasi-synchronous transmission scheme, employing the use of aged, temperature controlled high stability crystal oscillators for RF carrier control, is used to provide large area radio coverage, one of the more demanding maintenance items is the periodic netting of the RF carriers; the period of such maintenance decreasing with increasing channel operating frequency. A technique is discussed which substantially reduces periodic netting of the RF carriers of a quasi-synchronous transmission system by the use of site located atomic references. The effect on voice communications integrity as a result of this technique is discussed, along with recommendations based on system performance during the initial 6 months of operation.
Adaptive optics retinal imaging: applications for studying retinal degeneration.

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci High-Resolution Imaging With Adaptive Optics in Patients With Inherited Retinal Degeneration Jacque L. Duncan; Yuhua Zhang; Jarel Gandhi; Chiaki Nakanishi; Mohammad Othman; Kari E. H. Branham; Anand Swaroop; Austin Roorda Purpose: To investigate macular photoreceptor structure in patients with inherited retinal degeneration using high-resolution images and to correlate the findings with clinical phenotypes and genetic mutations. Methods: Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) images of photoreceptors were obtained in 16 eyes: 5 with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), 3 with cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), and 8 without retinal disease. A quadratic model was used to illustrate cone spacing as a function of retinal eccentricity. Cone spacing at 1° eccentricity was compared with standard measures of central visual function, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), foveal threshold, and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) amplitude and timing. Intervisit variations were studied in 1 patient with RP and 1 patient with CRD. Screening of candidate disease genes identified mutations in 2 patients, one with RP (a rhodopsin mutation) and the other with CRD (a novel RPGR -ORF15 mutation). Results: Cone spacing values were significantly different from normal for patients with RP ( P = .01) and CRD ( P P = .0003), BCVA ( P = .01), and mfERG amplitude ( P = .008). Although many RP patients showed normal cone spacing within 1° of fixation, cones could not be unambiguously identified in several retinal regions. Cone spacing increased in all CRD patients, even those with early disease. Little variation was observed in cone spacing measured during 2 sessions fewer than 8 days apart. Conclusions: AOSLO images can be used to study macular cones with high resolution in patients with retinal degeneration. The authors present the first report of cone structure in vivo in patients with mutations in rhodopsin and RPGR -ORF15 and show that macular cones display distinct characteristics, depending on the underlying disease. AOSLO imaging, therefore, can provide new insight into possible mechanisms of cone vision loss in patients with retinal degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.. 2007;48(7):3283-3291.
Phylogenetic relationships among the “spiny solanums” (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae)

Species of Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum comprise almost one third of the genus and are distributed worldwide. Members of this group are defined by their sharp epidermal prickles; thus, they are commonly referred to as the ‘‘spiny solanums.’’ This subgenus includes a number of economically important species such as the Old World eggplants, as well as locally cultivated New World species such as the naranjilla and cocona. Given the size and importance of this group we have examined phylogenetic relationships across subgenus Leptostemonum, including a large sampling of species from previously defined species groups within the subgenus. Evolutionary relationships were inferred using DNA sequence data from two nuclear regions (ITS and the granule-bound starch synthase gene [GBSSI or waxy]) and one chloroplast spacer region (trnS-trnG). Results suggest that Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum is monophyletic when the S. wendlandii and S. nemorense species groups are excluded. We have defined 10 clades within subgenus Leptostemonum, some of which correspond to previously circumscribed species groups or sections. Most of the Old World species of subgenus Leptostemonumbelong to a single species-rich clade. Sharp prickles and/or stellate hairs evolved more than once in Solanum, and floral heterandry originated multiple times within the ‘‘spiny solanums.’’ waxy.
Dialkylaluminum Chloride Catalyzed Ene Reactions of Carbonylsulfide

Abstract Dialkylaluminum chloride (R2A1C1) catalyzed ene reactions of carbonysulfide (OCS) as an enophile with alkenes were performed. R2A1C1 selectively complexed to the thionyl sulfur of OCS, then reacted with different alkenes and formed the corresponding β,γ -unsaturated thioic acid ene adducts. Those alkenes were limonene (1), β-pinene (2) and methylenecyclohexane (3). The reaction with limonene (1) gave 4-methyl- β -methylene-3-cyclohexene-1-propanethioic acid (4). From β-pinene (2) was obtained 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-ethanethioic acid (5) while methylenecyclohexane (3) afforded 1-cyclohexene-1-ethanethioic acid (6).
Policy Sensitivity in Dynamic Optimization Models: A Study Remembering William Alonso’s Regional Modeling Perspectives:

Although William Alonso began his illustrious career as an economic equilibrium modeler, he often was critical of formal mathematical models applied in the regional context. Regional computable gen...
Strong Reality Properties of Normalizers of Parabolic Subgroups in Finite Coxeter Groups

Let W be a finite Coxeter group, P a parabolic subgroup of W, and N W (P) the normalizer of P in W. We prove that every element in N W (P) is strongly real in N W (P), and that every irreducible complex character of N W (P) has Frobenius-Schur indicator 1.
Keats’s Epistles and His Claims for a Poetic Career

Of the ten surviving letters by Keats from the period before the publication of his first volume, Poems, in March 1817, five are directly linked to Poems. Three of those five are the epistles included in Keats’s first volume. In the epistles, Keats expresses his doubts as he stands at the beginning of his poetic career, contemplates specific aspects of that career, and addresses individuals who each play a role in his poetic development. Keats presents himself as a poet by defining the skills and responsibilities of his ideal Poet and in subsequent passages showing himself as possessing the skills of the Poet and meeting those responsibilities.
Enhanced Luminol‐Dependent Chemiluminescence of Stimulated Rat Alveolar Macrophages by Pretreatment With Alveolar Lining Material

Previous reports indicate that the in vitro bactericidal activity of rat alveolar macrophages (AM) is dependent on the lipid fraction (ALM-L) of the alveolar lining material (ALM). The present study demonstrates that luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of stimulated rat AM is increased when rat AM are preincubated in the ALM or in the ALM-L. Evidence is presented that oxidation of the unsaturated lipids is responsible for the increase. In addition to pretreatment with the ALM, cells were also pretreated in commercial preparations of several lipids found to be present in the ALM. Preincubation in these lipids produced a significant increase in the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence response. However, when a saturated lipid, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, was used no increase was found. Pretreatment in ALM did not increase the nitro blue tetrazolium dye reduction by the AM, nor was the phagocytosis of latex beads by the AM altered by the addition of the ALM.
Estimating CT Image From MRI Data Using Structured Random Forest and Auto-Context Model

Computed tomography (CT) imaging is an essential tool in various clinical diagnoses and radiotherapy treatment planning. Since CT image intensities are directly related to positron emission tomography (PET) attenuation coefficients, they are indispensable for attenuation correction (AC) of the PET images. However, due to the relatively high dose of radiation exposure in CT scan, it is advised to limit the acquisition of CT images. In addition, in the new PET and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging scanner, only MR images are available, which are unfortunately not directly applicable to AC. These issues greatly motivate the development of methods for reliable estimate of CT image from its corresponding MR image of the same subject. In this paper, we propose a learning-based method to tackle this challenging problem. Specifically, we first partition a given MR image into a set of patches. Then, for each patch, we use the structured random forest to directly predict a CT patch as a structured output, where a new ensemble model is also used to ensure the robust prediction. Image features are innovatively crafted to achieve multi-level sensitivity, with spatial information integrated through only rigid-body alignment to help avoiding the error-prone inter-subject deformable registration. Moreover, we use an auto-context model to iteratively refine the prediction. Finally, we combine all of the predicted CT patches to obtain the final prediction for the given MR image. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method on two datasets: human brain and prostate images. Experimental results show that our method can accurately predict CT images in various scenarios, even for the images undergoing large shape variation, and also outperforms two state-of-the-art methods.
High-sensitivity parametrically amplified chemo-mechanical vapor sensors

In this paper we present a new kind of high sensitivity chemo-mechanical sensors. These devices consist of a torsional conductive see-saw paddle suspended by two torsional springs from a substrate with symmetric electrodes under each paddle wing. One of the wings is coated with a thin chemically sensitive polymer layer that swells when a specific compound vapor is absorbed. The absorption induced swelling thus causes wing bending and downward deflection proportional to the vapor concentration. Upon application of a fixed DC bias, the deflection is parametrically amplified causing a much larger deflection, and pull-in instability. A sufficiently large amplification results in unstable equilibrium of deflected paddle wing causing it to snap. This amplified drive mechanism does not consume any power, yet it can magnify the observed deflection by one or two orders of magnitude. This deflection is measured through a profilometer as well as a change in capacitance. We present the theory, fabrication and testing results of these sensors.
Commentary on: Importance of Postoperative Hydration and Lower Extremity Elevation in Preventing Deep Venous Thrombosis in Full Abdominoplasty: A Report on 450 Consecutive Cases Over a 37-Year Period.

Keiter et al analyzed a series of 450 consecutive full abdominoplasties performed by a single surgeon over a period of more than 37 years in a retrospective study.1 The authors must be congratulated for their ability to follow a standard protocol concerning prevention, treatment, and follow-up in a retrospective study looking back over such a long period. It seems especially remarkable that every single patient had a complete follow-up. This is certainly the fruit of a particular effort of the main author to convince his patients of the necessity of postoperative evaluation at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery. It also shows that it is possible to do large studies in a nonacademic community surgery center, and this is to be encouraged. The article essentially states that it should be possible to avoid chemoprophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in abdominoplasties by adequate alternative measures, namely postoperative hydration and lower …
The Philosophy of Mathematics and Logic in the 1920s and 1930s in Poland

For a recent book about Alfred Tarski this reviewer needed to describe briefly and edit carefully some translations of Polish works on mathematical philosophy that lay outside his background in mat...
Virtual Intimacies: Media, Affect, and Queer Sociality

Shaka McGlotten's Virtual Intimacies: Media, Affect, and Queer Sociality (2013) is an insightful and intimate text that centers the experiences of gay, black men within virtual communities such as ...
Review about the Student's Independent Study in the Last Fifteen Years in China

In the current competitive social environment, independent is a very important characteristic to an individual, and it attracts more and more attention of scholars. This article reviews its study of problems, the relationship between its concept, structure and families and time management, the specific groups of the children, students, the olds, and points out the existing research shortcomings and future suggestions.
Solution of the Low Condenser Vacuum of #3,#4 Unit Tengzhou Power Plant

In this paper,the problems of the lowlondenser vacuum of #3,#4 Unit to conduct on-site research,test, and one investigation.Conclusion:The two factors have led # 3,#4 Unit Condenser vacuum low,the one is the unreasonable due to the circulating pump running and the other is poor efficiency of the vacuum pump cooling device.This article taken measures to be completely resolved.
Know Thyself: Is This Possible?

As researchers in science teacher education, and science education research in general, we often consider the sample size of our studies and the studies of others. The ultimate concern is how much ...
Progesterone-evoked increases in sperm [Ca2+]i correlate with the egg penetrating ability of sperm from fertile but not infertile men*

Objectives To investigate the relationship between sperm capacitation and intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ]i) and to correlate these findings with routine semen parameters and sperm fertilizing ability. Design Baseline and P-evoked increases in [Ca 2+ ]i of fresh versus capacitated human sperm were measured for known fertile donors and infertile men and compared with the results of semen analysis and in vitro penetration of zona-free hamster eggs. Setting Andrology laboratory in a university hospital. Patients Infertile men undergoing semen analysis. Interventions Capacitation of spermatozoa and exposure of sperm to P (1 μ g/mL). Main Outcome Measures [Ca 2+ ]i as measured using fura-2, percent zone-free hamster eggs penetrated, and number of penetrating sperm per egg. Results Steady state [Ca 2+ ]i increased from 74±32nM to 166±97nM after capacitation, as did P-evoked peak and plateau [Ca 2+ ]i. Deletion of calcium from the assay buffer with ethylene-bis (oxy-ethylenenitriolo) tetraacetic acid abrogated the P-evoked increments. RU486, a P receptor antagonist, reduced the P-evoked response in a dose-dependent manner. Progesterone-evoked calcium responses of sperm varied between different ejaculates of the same fertile donor and correlated with their egg penetrating ability. Sperm from infertile men with abnormal morphology exhibited lower egg penetrating ability and lower mean peak P-evoked [Ca 2+ ]i than morphologically normal sperm. However, free intracellular calcium parameters correlated only weakly with penetrating ability for individual infertile men. Conclusion Progesterone-evoked increases in [Ca 2+ ]i in motile capacitated spermatozoa cannot be used to discriminate between dysfunctional spermatozoa and those capable of penetrating eggs.
Nepantleras/os and their Teachers in Dual Language Education: Developing Sociopolitical Consciousness to Contest Language Education Policies

Language education policies in the United States have affected the education of Latina/o students, especially those en la frontera, including those enrolled in dual language education. Pre-service and in-service teachers in the field of dual language education can benefit from viewing Latina/o students as nepantleras/os when examining language education policies. In addition, it is necessary for those educators to develop sociopolitical consciousness in order to advocate for their students and to contest restrictive language education policies affecting nepantlera/o students in the physical and/or psychological borderlands. Similarly, dual language teachers need to support their students’ development of sociopolitical consciousness in order to empower them to contest oppressive language education policies impacting their educational lives. For this, there is a need to transform dual language education and include sociopolitical consciousness as one of its goals.
The Americans Embark

When the United States declared war on Germany in April 1917, it was not prepared. In this chapter we discuss the creation of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) and the reorganization of the American Army into a modern fighting force. With the advent of the first draft since the Civil War, the Army had to prepare for upwards of 2 million new men. This meant training camps, organizing transport, and raiding the existing Army divisions for officers and noncoms to train the new draftees. The chapter also talks about the creation of the first modern military intelligence units in the US Army, including the creation by Herbert Yardley of the first permanent cryptologic unit in the service.
Abstract 2917: Therapeutic targeting of the mitochondria: An evaluation of the transcriptional link between the antioxidant response and autophagy

Mitoquinone (MitoQ), a mitochondrially targeted chemotherapy induces autophagy via excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Elevations in ROS stimulate nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in breast cancer cell lines. Nrf2 is a nuclear transcription factor that activates the antioxidant response element when under oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate transcriptional and protein changes associated with Nrf2 activation to identify potential links between oxidative stress, autophagy and cell death. By suppressing Nrf2 and its targeted antioxidant enzymes we should induce elevated ROS levels, which can thereby alter cellular homeostasis and impact the ultimate fate of cancer cells. In the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 RNA was extracted after 24 hours of Nrf2 or non-target pool (NTP) silencing and 18 hours of MitoQ treatment. RNA was sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq and differential expression was analyzed using DESeq in the statistical program R. To avoid bias, raw read counts were filtered to remove low counts possibly due to constraints of the instrumentation. To validate efficient silencing of Nrf2 we confirmed that Nrf2 transcript levels decreased and that there were observed reductions in transcripts containing the Nrf2 transcriptional promoter, the antioxidant response element (ARE) including FTH1, FTL, HMOX1, SRXN1, TXNRD1, NQO1, GCLC, GCLM, GSR and SQSTM1. From there we validated RNAseq data with qPCR using 25 random transcripts and found significant positive correlation between the two methods. Comparisons were first made between the MitoQ and DMSO treatment by silencing (NTP or Nrf2). 2775 genes were differentially expressed (DE) for MitoQ vs DMSO NTP siRNA and 1869 genes were DE for MitoQ vs DMSO Nrf2 siRNA both at an α |1|. We then compared the degree of overlap in DE gene lists between the NTP and Nrf2 siRNA comparisons to identify genes affected only by Nrf2 silencing in combination with MitoQ treatment. 1405 mRNAs were common between silenced and non-silenced sample sets, only 464 mRNAs were due to Nrf2 silencing alone. We are currently performing pathway analysis on these transcripts to determine the role of Nrf2 silencing with redox-active therapies. We are also evaluating autophagic protein levels at later time points, 24 to 48 hours, to further evaluate the potential signaling between oxidative stress and the autophagic response driven by Nrf2. Citation Format: Kaytee L. Pokrzywinski, Francesca Mascia, V. Ashutosh Rao. Therapeutic targeting of the mitochondria: An evaluation of the transcriptional link between the antioxidant response and autophagy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2917.
Accelerated stochastic block coordinate gradient descent for sparsity constrained nonconvex optimization

We propose an accelerated stochastic block coordinate descent algorithm for nonconvex optimization under sparsity constraint in the high dimensional regime. The core of our algorithm is leveraging both stochastic partial gradient and full partial gradient restricted to each coordinate block to accelerate the convergence. We prove that the algorithm converges to the unknown true parameter at a linear rate, up to the statistical error of the underlying model. Experiments on both synthetic and real datasets backup our theory.
Molecular landscape of arthrofibrosis: Microarray and bioinformatic analysis of the temporal expression of 380 genes during contracture genesis

Abstract Purpose Inflammatory changes are suspected in the pathophysiology of arthrofibrosis formation and require early molecular examination. Here, we assessed the hypothesis that early inflammatory genes are related to arthrofibrosis by ascertaining gene expression during the early stages of contracture genesis in an animal model. Methods Joint trauma was incited surgically in a cohort of rabbits (n = 36) knees followed by immobilization in a model of contracture. Six groups of 6 rabbits were sacrificed at multiple time points (0, 6, 12, 24, 72 h and 2 weeks). Microarray expression and RT-qPCR profiling were performed to determine genes that are significantly up or downregulated. Bioinformatic analysis was carried out to understand which biological programs and functional groups of genes are modulated in arthrofibrosis. Results Gene expression profiling revealed a large number biologically relevant genes (> 100) that are either upregulated or downregulated by at least a 1.5 fold (log2) during the first two weeks after joint injury during contracture development. Gene ontology analysis identified molecular pathways and programs that act during the course of fibrosis and joint contracture. Our main finding is that the development of contractures occur concomitant with modulation of genes mediating inflammatory responses, ECM remodeling and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Conclusion The genesis of joint contracture reflects an imbalance between pro- and anti-fibrotic expression. Our study indicates that inflammatory genes may be involved in the process of contracture genesis and initiated at relatively early stages. Our findings also may inform clinical practice in the future by suggesting potential therapeutic targets in preventing the long-term development of arthrofibrosis.
Incidence and Pathogenicity of Didymella americana on Table Beet in New York

New York is the second largest producer of table beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) in the United States. In 2015, a Didymella sp. was isolated from table beet fields across New York. Foliar symptoms included dark sunken spots, large necrotic patches with indefinite margins, and necrotic, round-to-oval lesions. The objective was to identify the Didymella sp. associated with table beet, and assess pathogenicity.
NFkB is essential for activin-induced colorectal cancer migration via upregulation of PI3K-MDM2 pathway.

// Arundhati Jana 1 , Nancy L. Krett 1 , Grace Guzman 2 , Ahmer Khalid 1 , Ozkan Ozden 1 , Jonas J. Staudacher 1 , Jessica Bauer 1 , Seung Hyun Baik 1 , Timothy Carroll 1 , Cemal Yazici 1 and Barbara Jung 1 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA 2 Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA Correspondence to: Barbara Jung, email: bjung@uic.edu Keywords: activin, NFkB, colon cancer, MDM2, migration Received: September 07, 2016 Accepted: February 09, 2017 Published: March 18, 2017 ABSTRACT Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a common and deadly cancer due to metastatic disease. Activin and TGFB (TGFβ) signaling are growth suppressive pathways that exert non-canonical pro-metastatic effects late in CRC carcinogenesis. We have recently shown that activin downregulates p21 via ubiquitination and degradation associated with enhanced cellular migration independent of SMADs. To investigate the mechanism of metastatic activin signaling, we examined activated NFkB signaling and activin ligand expression in CRC patient samples and found a strong correlation. We hypothesize that activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 by NFkB leads to p21 degradation in response to activin treatment. To dissect the link between activin and pro-carcinogenic NFkB signaling and downstream targets, we found that activin but not TGFB induced activation of NFkB leading to increased MDM2 ubiquitin ligase via PI3K. Further, overexpression of wild type p65 NFkB increased MDM2 expression while the NFkB inhibitors NEMO-binding domain (NBD) and Bay11-7082 blocked the activin-induced increase in MDM2. In conclusion, in colon cancer cell migration, activin utilizes NFkB to induce MDM2 activity leading to the degradation of p21 in a PI3K dependent mechanism. This provides new mechanistic knowledge linking activin and NFkB signaling in advanced colon cancer which is applicable to targeted therapeutic interventions.
Voluntary and Involuntary Sterilization

Involuntary sterilization of the mentally incompetent has been seriously considered or practiced in the United States since Indiana adopted the first eugenic-sterilization statute in 1907. However, the practice did not become widespread until the Supreme Court upheld the constitutional validity of such statutes in 1927. The Court held that a Virginia statute did not violate the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes’s often-quoted words: We have seen more than once that the public welfare may call upon the best citizens for their lives. It would be strange if it could not call upon those who already sap the strength of the State for these lesser sacrifices, often not felt to be such by those concerned, in order to prevent our being swamped with incompetence. It is better for all the world, if instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime, or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind. The principle that sustains compulsory vaccination is broad enough to cover cutting the Fallopian tubes…. Three generations of imbeciles are enough.1
Selecting Corporate Structure for Diversified Firms

The present study scrutinizes the implications of corporate structure for performance of diversified firms. The benchmark for the scrutiny is the set of the extant conflicting predictions about the...
Effects of salt stress on rice growth, development characteristics, and the regulating ways: A review

Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is highly susceptible to the rhizosphere salinity than other cereals. High sensitivity has been observed, mainly at vegetative and reproductive stages in rice. It is the duty of plant physiologists to comprehend the growth, development, and physiological processes of rice plants under stress. This paper includes the overview of rice growth and developmental processes influenced by salt stress and the regulation pathways involved in these processes. It also includes the promising salt tolerance strategies, i.e., genetic modification techniques, agronomic practices to improve rice growth, yield, and role of phytohormones and their management, especially inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by using inhibitors 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Rice cultivation may be a first choice for improvement of salt tolerance through plant growth regulators and improved cultivation techniques. This study will significantly improve the understanding toward low rice grain yield and poor rice resistance under salt stress and will also stream scientific knowledge for effective utilization of salt affected soils by using different regulating ways.
Cyber-Physical Systems: A Literature Review

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are smart systems that depend on the synergy of cyber and physical components. They link the physical world (e.g. through sensors, actuators, robotics, and embedded systems) with the virtual world of information processing. Applications of CPS have the tremendous potential of improving convenience, comfort, and safety in our daily life. This paper provides a brief introduction to CPSs and their applications.
Raytheon high power density GaN technology

In this abstract we present Raytheon's high power density GaN Technology, which has achieved a record power density of 50W/mm when operating at 200V. The technology has been optimized for MMIC performance and reliability at 90V. We also present a compact, high power Sband MMIC with demonstrated reliability. This higher power density technology is expected to have far reaching impact for next generation communication and radar systems.
Strabismus Surgical Treatment for Abnormal Head Posturing

(1983). Strabismus Surgical Treatment for Abnormal Head Posturing. American Orthoptic Journal: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 32-35.
Improving Mathematics Classroom Instruction through Exemplary Lesson Development: A Chinese Approach

In this chapter, we aim to examine a popular approach to improving mathematics classroom instruction through exemplary lesson development in China. Features of a content-focused exemplary lesson are analyzed in detail, and a practicing teacher’s experience participating in the development of the exemplary lesson is also examined. The case study suggests that pursuing instruction excellence is a process of negotiating culturally valued teaching traditions and reform-oriented notions. The process of developing an exemplary lesson is of the features of deliberate practice, and the product of developing exemplary lesson forms a type of high-leverage practice. Finally, the implications of developing exemplary lessons for improving mathematics classroom instruction in China are discussed.