cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disorders of keratinization: diagnosis and management.

Disorders of cornification are a group of diseases that share abnormalities in the manufacture or desquamation of corneocytes. This paper reviews the major and a few of the rarer ones with a concentration on their therapy. Ichthyosis vulgaris is probably a post-translational defect in pro-filaggrin expresssion. It shows fine white flaky scales of the extensor surfaces, trunk, flank, lower legs but spares the folds and wet areas. Treatment is with aggressive moisturization. Hydrocortisone creams may be needed to control itch. Recessive X-linked ichthyosis is due to a deficiency of cholesteriol sulfatase. Boys with this condition show small dark scales around the ears, sides of the neck, extensor surfaces of the arms and legs, and the peri-umbilical region. It spares the folds and face. Treatment is with moisturizers, topical retinoid creams or with topical cholesterol-based creams. Checking for signs of contiguous gene disorders (Kallman or Conradi-Hunermann syndromes) is necessary. Bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma is caused by mutations in keratins 1 and/or 10. These patients are born as bright red babies with large blisters and erosions. Slowly, a porcupine quill-like waxy scaling develops. Blistering continues throughout life. Secondary infections of the skin cause pain, debility, and a very foul odor. Treatment is difficult. Topical moisturizers, descalers and retinoid creams help a little. Oral retinoids help a lot but can cause increased blistering. Controlling the odor is an ongoing issue using antibacterial washes, absorbing powders, and masking fragrances. Autosomal recessive ichthyosis is a term for both lamellar ichthyosis and congential ishthysosiform erythroderma. They are caused by various mutations in transglutaminase-1 gene. In both instances patients are born as ‘collodion babies’. Lamella ichthyosis has the very recognizable plate-like scale over the entire body. Children with congential ishthysosiform erythroderma are red all over with a finer scale in some places and plate-like scales in others. Treatment is with topical moisturizers, retinoid creams, descalers, and in some cases oral retinoids. Palmar plantar keratodermas occur in conjunction with some ichthyoses, but also by themselves. Some are diffuse and others have discrete, corn-like hardenings. Treatment with topical acids, propylene glycol and retinoid creams help to some extent.
Protein Solubility, Emulsifying Stability and Capacity of Two Defatted Corn Germ Proteins

Functional properties of two corn germ protein (CGP) preparations, defatted with supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) or hexane, were studied using response surface methodology. Temperature of incubation influenced the functionality of both CGP preparations in a model system. Protein solubility was affected by temperature and pH. Higher emulsifying capacity was obtained as pH of CGP in solution was increased. A stable emulsion was formed from 7% SC-CO2-CGP combined with 40% corn oil. SC-CO2-CGP had higher protein solubility, emulsifying stability and emulsifying capacity than hexane-CGP. The different functional properties of hexane CGP may be due to the significantly higher fat content in tested preparations.
Influence of Transverse Shear on the Small Displacement Theory of Circular Plates

The six governing, coupled, linear partial-differential equations of plates can be derived using a method suggested by J. N. Goodier. These equations, which are only slightly different from those derived by E. Reissner using the calculus of variations, are solved for a wide class of problems. Any loading that satisfies the Dirichlet conditions of Fourier analysis and virtually any boundary conditions may be handled. Most problems that can be solved using classical theory are also solvable by the methods presented with only a slightly greater amount of effort. The solution obtained for the Reissner-Goodier theory is comparable in method to the solution of the biharmonic equation in polar coordinates of classical plate theory given by A. Clebsch in his "Theorie der Elasticitat fester Korper," 1862, Leipzig. Two examples are considered in detail. Both solutions are obtained by specialization of the more general solution with the first example solved in closed form. Numerical results are displayed in a series of nondimensiona l curves. These curves show that the effects of transverse shear are most significant on the plate boundaries and in regions of high stress gradients.
Encapsulation of NaVO3 as Corrosion Inhibitor into Microparticles and its Active Corrosion Protection for AA2024 Based Upon Inhibitor Control Release

The present work provides a one-step method of encapsulating a corrosion inhibitor, NaVO3, relevant to protection of AA2024-T3, into hollow microparticles. By dispersing these microparticles into a PVB coating, the encapsulated NaVO3 may be continuously released into the electrolyte and heal the corroded sites spontaneously. The improvement of corrosion inhibition by NaVO3 microencapsulation described herein was validated by electrochemical methods and salt spray/immersion test.
Narrating the Past to Interpret the Present: A Conversation with Elizabeth J. Perry

In this sparkling and candid conversation, Elizabeth Perry reminisces about her early years in Japan, her first trip back to China in the late 1970s, her reconsideration of the Chinese revolution, and interdisciplinary studies and her career as both a political scientist and historian. Perry shares her insights into the cultural resources of the Chinese Communist Party, the resilience of the Chinese regime, comparisons of the Chinese and Russian revolutions, human connections between the city and the countryside, global issues facing higher education, and her leadership and vision as the director of the Harvard-Yenching Institute.
Most Attacked and Least Defeated: Confessionalism, Anti-Confessionalism, and Religious Controversy in the Dutch Republic

The life and work of Balthasar Bekker, from his early conflict with the Reformed church hierarchy over the funeral oration for his first wife to the publication of The World Bewitched, stood in marked contrast to one of the most powerful intellectual forces of the seventeenth century: the great transformation of religious ideas and institutions often called confessionalism. It was Bekker’s opposition to this thought system, from his early days in Friesland, which in large part defined his own vision of the church and Scripture. Bekker’s biblical exegesis, with its rejection of literalism, undermined the intellectual structure of Dutch Reformed confessionalism and provoked heated opposition to his ideas on the part of many church leaders.
Toward Facilitating a Voice for Politically Marginalized Minorities and Enhancing Presidential Public Accountability and Transparency in Foreign Health Policy-Making

Residents of underdeveloped countries who belong to ethnic, racial, sexual, and political minorities usually endure relatively ineffective political voices. More than any other world population segment, these marginalized people are vulnerable to, and suffer from, compromised health and life expectancies. Their immense human tolls have spawned severe global humanitarian, economic, social, political, and security dilemmas contrary to the strategic interests of the United States. Despite recognition of these devastating harms here and abroad, the president as de facto primary U.S. foreign policymaker continues to formulate foreign health policy in an insular policy-making environment. The insularity enables the president to design policy without broad input, transparency, or public scrutiny. This Article suggests the alteration of the presidential policy-making apparatus. It proposes a concrete structure to facilitate a voice for politically marginalized minorities and to enhance public accountability and transparency in presidential foreign health policy-making, thereby collaterally imbuing the process with a new legitimacy.
Rice is Right

The Supreme Court correctly decided Rice v. Cayetano, 528 U.S. 495 (2000), both as a matter of constitutional law and as an application of basic democratic principle. The decision applies the principle that no government should single out citizens based on ancestry to deny them rights accorded to other citizens. The voting laws struck down in Rice are part of a large scheme of racial discrimination that is alien to Hawaii's history and hostile to American democracy. As the courts follow Rice, the entire discriminatory scheme will fall.
The unexpected extremophile: Tolerance to fluctuating salinity in the green alga Picochlorum

Abstract The broadly halotolerant green alga, Picochlorum strain SENEW3, has a highly reduced nuclear genome of 13.5 Mbp that encodes only 7367 genes. It was isolated from a shallow, mesophilic brackish-water lagoon that experiences extreme changes in temperature, light, and in particular, salinity (freshwater to 3-fold seawater). We challenged Picochlorum cells with high or low salinity shock and used transcriptomic and chlorophyll fluorescence analyses to elucidate tolerance to salinity fluctuation. The transcriptome analysis showed that one-half of the coding regions are differentially expressed in response to salinity changes. In addition, a significant number of co-expressed genes (usually from different metabolic pathways) are co-localized in the genome, forming 2–10 gene clusters. Whereas the overall salt stress response in Picochlorum SENEW3 is similar to that in other salt-tolerant algae, the “operon-like” structure in this species likely contributes to rapid recovery during salinity fluctuation. In summary, our work elucidates how evolutionary forces play out in a streamlined genome. Picochlorum SENEW3 relies on a broad array of adaptations from the reliance on horizontally transferred adaptive genes to the co-localization of stress response genes and a robust photosystem II to deal with a fluctuating environment. These attributes make Picochlorum SENEW3 of great biotechnological interest.
184 PARENTAL AND CHILD PERCEPTIONS OF CHILDRENS WEIGHT AS A FUNCTION OF ETHNICITY/RACE, GENDER, AND AGE.

Background Obesity is prevalent in children of all ages, especially in minorities. Little is known regarding racial/ethnic differences in parental perception of children9s weight status. We evaluated parental and self-perception of weight status in Caucasians, African Americans, and Hispanics. Design/Methods We surveyed the parents of 2- to 17-year-old children at an inner-city clinic. Children9s weight status was defined by body mass index as normal (25-75%) or overweight (> 95%). African American, Caucasian, or Hispanic parents were enrolled in blocks of 24 to provide similar numbers of girls and boys, patients 2 to 8 and 9 to 17 years old, and racial/ethnic identification. Parents answered a bilingual questionnaire about how they perceived their child9s weight: “underweight,” “just right,” or “overweight,” and if they were concerned about said weight. Children ≥ 9 years identified their own weight status. Chi-square comparison with p Results 308 parent-child pairs were enrolled. Parents identified their child9s weight status in 75% of cases, with no racial/ethnic differences noted (Table 1). Overall, 24% of overweight children were not identified as such by their parents, more commonly in children under 9 years of age (76%). Hispanic parents were more concerned about their children being overweight than Caucasians or African Americans. Conclusions Independent of race/ethnicity, parents were able to recognize that their children were overweight (75%) but less in the younger group. Education about their children9s weight status, particularly in young children, might prompt parents to institute early, effective interventions to minimize excessive weight gain.
Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Assay (GICA) for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Livestock and Poultry Products

With the development of large-scale,intensive animal husbandry,the applications of different kinds and quantities of veterinary drugs are increasing,veterinary drug residues in food-producing animals and animal products become an important factor that affects the quality and safety of animal products and even threatens human health.Although there are many methods for the detection of veterinary drug residues,the applications of the majority of methods at the grassroot level are restricted because those methods need expensive instruments and the operations are complicated and time-consuming.GICA is sensitive,specific,convenient and rapid,and it does not need auxiliary instruments and reagents,therefore,GICA has been widely studied and used in preliminary screening of veterinary drug residues.Principle,applications as well as development prospect of GICA in detection of veterinary drug residues in livestock and poultry products were summarized in this paper in order to provide a reference for animal derived food safety monitoring technology from farm to table.
Demonstration of the feasibility of emergency department immunization against influenza and pneumococcus.

Study objective: To demonstrate the feasibility of systematic immunization against influenza and pneumococcus in a public emergency department. Methods: This was a demonstration project conducted from October 21, 1996, through December 2, 1996, at Cook County Hospital, an inner-city hospital with a 1996 adult ED census of 120,449. Seventy-eight percent of patients are uninsured; 92% are people of color; 73% deny having a primary physician. Only 15% have emergency complaints. Nurses received standing orders that all nonemergency adult patients meeting Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for high risk should be offered immunization against influenza and pneumococcus at triage. Cash prizes were offered to nurses appropriately immunizing the most patients. The date of immunization was entered into the computerized patient registration system, available to all providers within the county system. From November 4 through November 18, an extra nurse was assigned to triage to test for improvement in immunization rates. A time-motion study determined the time required per immunization on the basis of a convenience sample of 8 nurses drawn from all 3 shifts. Results: Only 3% of identified high-risk patients reported previous pneumococcal immunization. Despite extreme variation in nurse performance, 2,631 patients (24% of patients triaged) were screened, and 716 high-risk patients were identified (27% of patients screened). A total of 1234 patients were immunized against influenza, and 241 patients were appropriately immunized against pneumococcus. Sixty-one percent of high-risk patients with no contraindication to influenza immunization were immunized against influenza. Thirty-five percent of high-risk patients not previously immunized against pneumococcus were immunized against pneumococcus. Immunizations per shift per triage nurse varied from 0 to 24. Median time for all activities related to immunization was 4 minutes (range, 2 to 10 minutes). There was no increase in immunization rates with the addition of an extra nurse at triage (95% confidence interval for odds ratio, .929 to 1.153). Conclusion: Systematic immunization against influenza and pneumococcus is both needed and feasible in a public ED. Buy-in by nurses is variable. Increased staffing alone does not improve immunization rates. [Slobodkin D, Zielske PG, Kitlas JL, McDermott MF, Miller S, Rydman R: Demonstration of the feasibility of emergency department immunization against influenza and pneumococcus.
Age-related changes in pulmonary muscarinic receptor binding properties

The goal of this study was to elucidate mechanisms responsible for age-related reductions in responsiveness to cholinergic muscarinic stimulation in guinea pigs, by examining the binding properties of muscarinic receptors and their coupling to guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins as a function of animal age. In addition, the binding constants of three selective muscarinic receptor antagonists pirenzepine, [11-((2-[(diethylamino)methyl]-1-piperidinyl)-acetyl)-5, 11-dihydro-6H-pyrido(2,3)(1,4)benzodiazepine-6-on], and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methobromide were examined. We found that there were no changes in either the receptor density or the affinity of the muscarinic receptor with age. There was a significant reduction in the affinity constant for the high-affinity agonist binding site in the old tissues (7.63 +/- 0.08) compared with the young tissues (8.31 +/- 0.10). Guanine nucleotides lowered agonist affinity for the receptor in young lungs, however, they had no effect on agonist binding in old tissues. Antagonist competition binding curves in young tissues revealed that 73% of the receptors are of the M2 type, with 27% being of the M3 subtype. In contrast, antagonist competition binding curves in the old tissues revealed that 37% of the receptors were of the M2 subtype, 30% were M3, and 33% were of the M1 subtype. Our studies provide evidence that the loss of sensitivity to cholinergic muscarinic stimulation in the senescent lung may be due to changes in both muscarinic receptor subtypes and receptor coupling to G proteins.
Emphysematous changes in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A retrospective analysis of 12 patients

Introduction: Emphysema is most commonly associated with smoking but has been reported to occur in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP).The aim of this study was to further explore this association. Methods: A retrospective, computer-assisted search was performed to identify patients with CHP seen at Mayo Clinic, Rochester from 1997-2014. Demographic, clinical, and imaging features were analyzed. Patients with ≥10 pack year smoking history were excluded. Results: 12 patients (9 males, 3 females) with CHP and CT evidence of emphysematous changes were identified.Ten were never smokers and two were ex-smoker (5 pack-years and pipe smoker, respectively). The median age at the time of diagnosis was 47(range, 29-77) yrs. The median duration between the onset of the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 27 (range, 2-161) months.The most common presenting symptom in these patients was dyspnea (83%); followed by cough (± phlegm) and weight loss (33%). In eight patients (67%) there was identifiable exposure to inciting antigens.Six (50%) had positive HP serologies. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgical lung biopsy in nine subjects (75%), one (8%) had transbronchial biopsy. Five subjects (42%) had restrictive defect whereas three (25%) had obstruction and three (25%) had normal spirometry. The severity of emphysema varied from mild to severe and extensive including bullae. Centrilobular type of emphysema was most commonly seen whereas in two subjects paraseptal distribution was also present. Emphysema could be seen in any lobe with slight predilection for upper lobes (42%). Conclusion: Emphysematous parenchymal lung destruction can be seen in patients with CHP.
Helical temperature perturbations associated with radially asymmetric magnetic island chains in tokamak plasmas

The simple analysis of Rutherford [Phys. Fluids 16, 1903 (1973)] is generalized in order to incorporate radial magnetic island asymmetry into the nonlinear theory of tearing mode stability in a low-β, large aspect-ratio, quasi-cylindrical, tokamak plasma. The calculation is restricted to cases in which the radial shifts of the island X- and O-points are (almost) equal and opposite. For the sake of simplicity, the calculation concentrates on a particular (but fairly general) class of radially asymmetric island magnetic flux-surfaces that can all be mapped to the same symmetric flux-surfaces by means of a suitable coordinate transform. The combination of island asymmetry (in which the radial shifts of the X- and O-points are almost equal and opposite) and temperature-induced changes in the inductive current profile in the immediate vicinity of the island is found to have no effect on tearing mode stability.
Enabling Educators: Biotechnology in the Classroom

The North Carolina Biotechnology Center is an independent, non-profit corporation established by the State of North Carolina to stimulate the growth of biotechnology industry in the state. The Biotechnology Center’s Education and Training Program provided comprehensive support for secondary and post-secondary education across the state in order to promote public understanding of applications of biotechnology and develop an educated workforce to support industry growth. Our primary tools were workshops, conferences, and publications to inform educators about biotechnology science, industry, and careers; and a competitive grant program that provided funding of up to $100,000 for biotechnology education projects . We addressed public outreach both directly and through the secondary school system. Over nearly three decades, we organized summer workshops about biotechnology for some 2,000 North Carolina school teachers , including agricultural biotechnology workshops in collaboration with companies in this rapidly growing industry sector. Our studies of biomanufacturing industry hiring needs and employee education requirements supported industry collaboration with state universities and the community college system to build major new education and hands-on training facilities. We addressed a critical need for manufacturing technicians in the industry by developing a community college course that companies often required for pre-hire and new hire training.
One-electron intermediates of water oxidation & the role of solvation in their stability

The initial step of the electrochemically controlled water oxidation reaction on transition metal oxide surfaces localizes positive charge onto surface atoms, creating one-electron intermediates. For decades, the stability of this critical reaction intermediate has been used to predict catalytic activity, by a Sabatier analysis of the first bond (O–O) the intermediates catalyse within the O2 evolution cycle. Recently, several groups directly detected these intermediates by their specific vibrations during the reaction on different material surfaces (Co3O4, Fe2O3, SrTiO3). By observing surface bound one-electron intermediates, these experiments validate a Sabatier analysis. However, the experiments strongly suggest that solvation by the electrolyte is important to their stability, which has not been a focus of calculations of their charge trapping capacity. For the time-resolved (femtosecond) experiments of the SrTiO3 surface, solvation by water rate limits the intermediates' formation time constant. Further, the kinetic stability or lifetime of the intermediates across diverse material surfaces points to the importance of re-organization within the electrolyte. In this highlight, we review these recent results, put them in the context of theoretical investigations, and discuss the implications of solvation-enabled intermediate stability for probing and understanding catalytic mechanism at surfaces.
Utilizing HomoFRET to Extend DNA-Scaffolded Photonic Networks and Increase Light-Harvesting Capability

DNA-based photonic wires that exploit Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between pendant fluorophores to direct and focus excitonic energy have high research interest due to their potential applications in light harvesting, biocomputing, and biosensing. One important goal with these structures is to increase their ability to harvest energy and then transfer it over multiple steps both across extended portions of the spectra and physical space. Toward these goals, incorporating extended homogeneous or homoFRET sections into three unique FRET cascade DNA dendrimer architectures are explored. The effects of inserting increasingly longer homoFRET modules into assemblies based on AF488→Cy3→Cy3.5→Cy5→Cy5.5 dye-displaying four-arm, eight-arm, and 2:1 dendrimeric DNA photonic wires are evaluated to understand what these hybrid structures may offer toward increased efficiency. Each structure incorporates an extendable Cy3 homoFRET region capable of incorporating one to six Cy3 repeats. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements along with detailed analysis and simulations reveal that despite their modest relay capabilities, the structures are capable of acting as efficient antennas, with the dendrimeric structure manifesting a remarkably high sixfold gain. Moreover, an energy transfer efficiency of ≈3% is possible over nine sequential FRET steps.
The Officer Corps

This chapter adopts a prosopographical approach to build an original and full image of Yeomanry officership. It touches on professional culture and addresses examples of social mobility, the wider connections to county society, the question of expense, the importance and reflection of titles of authority, and the technical ability of leadership. Historiographically, the Yeomanry was portrayed as a stronghold of the aristocracy and squirearchy, and as part of a wider system of patronage and power. This chapter explores the nuances of the Yeomanry’s identity by looking beyond defence of property, social positions and politics, and questions variations within the force that resulted from geographical differences and shifts over time.
Mevinolin and Neomycin in the Treatment of Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia

The reduction of elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia leads to improved cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Two agents that may be of value in treating hypercholesterolemia are mevinolin and neomycin. Since these drugs lower cholesterol levels through complementary mechanisms, we evaluated the effects of mevinolin and combined mevinolin-neomycin treatment on plasma lipoprotein concentrations in 21 type II hyperlipoproteinemic patients. Mevinolin reduced total and LDL cholesterol concentrations by 24% and 31%, respectively, and 81% of the patients reduced their LDL cholesterol levels to less than 200 mg/dl. Both familial hypercholesterolemic heterozygotes and nonfamilial hypercholesterolemic type II hyperlipoproteinemic patients responded to mevinolin treatment with comparable degrees of cholesterol and LDL cholesterol reduction expressed as percentage reduction. Although the addition of neomycin to mevinolin treatment further lowered total (5%) and LDL (4%) cholesterol concentrations, it also reduced HDL cholesterol levels by 19%. Therefore, mevinolin effectively alters the plasma lipoprotein concentrations in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia but, despite the theoretical advantage of combined treatment, mevinolin and neomycin combination treatment offers no advantage over mevinolin-only therapy.
Environmental Regulations Impose New Product Lifecycle Information Requirements

In a global response to increasing health and environmental concerns, there has been a trend towards governments enacting legislation to encourage sustainable manufacturing where industry creates products that minimize environmental impact. This legislative trend seeks to shift the environmental responsibility of product manufacturing to the finished goods manufacturer. To meet this new responsibility, data relevant to the material composition of a product must flow unimpeded from the raw material producers to the final producers. Unfortunately, existing systems are ill-prepared to handle the new data requirements. For example, the European Union’s (EU) Energy Using Product (EuP) Directive will require that companies provide total energy used during a product’s lifecycle, including manufacturing and transportation energy. To meet these new requirements, new systems must be designed and implemented, or modifications made to existing data management systems. Because every law poses its own unique requirements on industry, it is not always clear what information will need to be collected and stored. This paper seeks to provide industry with a forward-looking view at new data exchange requirements needed within the manufacturing supply chain of the future. It surveys current and forthcoming environmental legislation including EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS), China RoHS, California RoHS, EU EuP, and the EU Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals Directive (REACH). The paper identifies the unique data requirements that will need to be incorporated in a products supply chain in order for companies to comply with each law.
Ginkgolides and Their Derivatives: Synthetic and Bioorganic Studies

The effect of the extract from Ginkgo biloba tree has been investigated in relation to an extended range of disorders and diseases. Commercial preparations of the extract, over-the-counter dietary supplements, or prescription products worldwide have long been advocated for their ability to improve various cognitive functions. Several extensive reviews on the chemistry, therapeutic effect, and the neuropsychological efficacy of the Ginkgo biloba extract have been published in recent years (Abad et al. 2010; Mahadevan and Park 2008; Crews et al. 2005) and they will not be discussed here. Although the exact molecular mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba extracts’ action remain unclear, the neuromodulatory activity has been attributed to the so-called terpene trilactone fractions. The synthetic and biological aspects of the compounds that comprise the terpene trilactone fraction will be presented here.
Time, Anticipation, and the Life Course: Egg Freezing as Temporarily Disentangling Romance and Reproduction:

This study examines women’s use of egg freezing as a tool to renegotiate the relationship between romantic and reproductive trajectories and temporalities. We interviewed 52 participants who were c...
Evaluation of enteric coated tablet sensitive to pancreatic lipase. II. In vivo evaluation.

Plain tablets containing a model drug, sulfamethizole (SMZ), were coated with triolein (TO), trilaurin (TL) and ethylcellulose (EC). The biological behavior of the coated tablets (TOTL-Tab), which are pH independent and sensitive to pancreatic lipase, was investigated in humans. Results of the administration of the tablets with or without an antacid, under fasting and non-fasting conditions, and at 0.5 h before and 0.5 h after meals, were examined. A comparison of the in vivo behavior of SMZ after the administration of these tablets was done using the following data : the lag time of urinary excretion (Ulag), the total urinary recovery percentage (X∞u), and the mean residence time after Ulag (MRTaf). A typical pH-sensitive tablet coated by cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP-Tab) was used as a reference. For the administration of a CAP-Tab alone, the Ulag obtained under both the non-fasting and fasting condition was longer than that of the plain tablet. However, Ulag after the administration of a CAP-Tab with an antacid became considerably shorter. This lag time was about the same as that obtained from the plain tablet, regardless of food ingestion. The obtained CAP-Tab MRTaf and X∞u values were not significantly different in comparison to the plain tablets. Under the non-fasting condition, Ulag, MRTaf and X∞u of TOTL-Tab were not affected by the co-administration of an antacid, and these values were virtually the same as those obtained from a CAP-Tab without an antacid. The urinary excretion data obtained after the administration of TOTL-Tab alone under fasting was analogues to the non-fasting case. When TOTL-Tab was co-administered with an antacid under fasting, the MRTaf was the much longer than that of the plain tablet, and the X∞u was almost a half that of the plain tablet. These results suggest that TOTL-Tab is useful as an enteric release preparation sensitive to pancreatic lipase in humans, except when antacids are taken under a fasting condition.
Jayaprakash Narayan and the politics of reconciliation for the postcolonial state and its imperial fragments

Jayaprakash (JP) Narayan was an activist, politician and political thinker who attempted to use peace negotiations on India’s borders to renegotiate the postcolonial Indian state. This article trac...
Endowments and Minority Homeownership

Fifty years after the adoption of the 1968 Fair Housing Act that prohibits discrimination in the housing market, homeownership rates have not increased for black or Hispanic households. The current homeownership rate for black households is 42 percent, identical to the 1970 census reported level, and 48 percent for Hispanic households, lower than 1970. Using data from the 1989, 2005 and 2013 American Housing Surveys, we identify the extent to which group differences in household endowments account for persistently low minority homeownership levels.
Changes in megakaryopoiesis over ontogeny and their implications in health and disease

A growing body of research has made it increasingly clear that there are substantial biological differences between fetal/neonatal and adult megakaryopoiesis. Over the last decade, studies revealed a developmentally unique uncoupling of proliferation, polyploidization, and cytoplasmic maturation in neonatal MKs that results in the production of large numbers of small, low ploidy, but mature MKs during this period of development, and identified substantial molecular differences between fetal/neonatal and adult MKs. This review will summarize our current knowledge on the developmental differences between fetal/neonatal and adult MKs, and recent advances in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, including newly described developmentally regulated pathways and miRNAs. We will also discuss the implications of these findings on the ways MKs interact with the environment, the response of neonates to thrombocytopenia, the pathogenesis of Down syndrome-transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD), and the developmental stage specific-manifestations of congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.
Hierarchical testing using the power-divergence family of statistics

Watson and Nguyen (1985) and Watson (1987) consider the problem of plotting confidence regions in a ternary diagram, for a trinomial probability vector 7r, based on Pearson's X . Their results are extended to the power-divergence family of statistics, resulting in confidence regions of diverse shapes and sizes. The members of the family with the most accurate coverage probabilities are A = 2/3 and X = 1/2. 2
SOX2 Expression in Canine Neoplasia

SOX2 is a major transcriptional regulator of stem cell pluripotency and self-renewability. Its expression in cancer stem cells from several different tumor types in humans and rodent models directly implicates SOX2 in tumorigenicity, metastasis, drug resistance, recurrence, and poor survival. Our objective was to investigate the expression of SOX2 in canine neoplasia. Immunohistochemistry for SOX2 was performed in sets of 10 archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 45 distinct canine neoplasms. Normal expression of SOX2 was evaluated in a canine tissue microarray. Strong and diffuse SOX2 intranuclear immunolabeling was consistently found in the majority of ectodermal (13/15) and endodermal tumors (5/7). Negative, variable, or inconsistent SOX2 intranuclear immunolabeling was detected in the majority of mesodermal tumors (10/16) and in tumors with dual or uncertain origin (5/7). Although further studies are necessary to understand mechanistically how SOX2 contributes to the biology of each tumor type, this study demonstrates the expression of SOX2 in a wide variety of canine cancers. In the future, screening methods based on cellular plasticity and pluripotency biomarkers may provide avenues for the rational design of therapeutic strategies that target vulnerable signals upstream or downstream of SOX2 in different cancers, and possibly offer novel clinical applications for SOX2 as a prognostic indicator.
Patient Perceptions of Landscape and Abstract Art in Inpatient Cardiac Units: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Purpose:The purpose of this exploratory study was to capture the influence of artwork in the hospital corridors within cardiothoracic inpatients.Background:This study builds on previous research to...
The Special Values Associated to Cuspidal Groups

Let Γ be a group of type (N1, N2) and E ∈ E 2 (Γ) be a J -eigenfunction. This chapter is devoted to describing the subgroup CE of the cuspidal group and the speical values of the associated cohomology class φE ∈ H1(X;A(E)).
International transmission of inflation under alternative exchange rate regimes

Abstract This is a study of the transmission pattern of inflation under alternative exchange rate regimes, fixed and flexible, among the Group of Seven (G-7) countries and their subsets, including four members of the European Union (EU) and two countries from North America. Our key empirical findings are as follows. The price levels of several countries that we found move together as a cointegrated system, forming an equilibrium relationship under both fixed and flexible exchange regimes. Second, the speed of adjustment estimates show that the transmission of inflationary disturbances across countries is less pronounced under the flexible exchange rate regime than under the fixed exchange rate regime. Third, the US was found to be the main producer of inflationary innovations among G-7 countries, whereas the UK was found to be the main producer of inflationary innovations among the EU countries, regardless of exchange rate regime.
Gamete manipulation for development: new methods for conception

Mammalian oocytes microsurgically injected with spermatozoa can develop into normal offspring. Apparently the oocyte has the ability to decompose or eliminate such sperm components as the plasma membrane and acrosomal contents, which normally do not enter its cytoplasm. Species in which normal offspring were obtained by direct sperm injection include: human, mouse, rabbit, horse, sheep, cattle, pig, and monkey. In the mouse, normal offspring can also be obtained routinely by the injection of round spermatid nuclei into oocytes. This suggests that all post-meiotic modifications of spermatozoa (spermiogenesis, sperm maturation, capacitation and the acrosome reaction) evolved as processes solely dedicated to delivering male genomes into female gametes. Birth of normal offspring after injection of spermatocytes into maturing or mature oocytes suggests that the mechanisms controlling meiosis of male and female germ cells are similar, if not the same. Spermatozoa do not need to be morphologically normal or alive in the conventional sense to participate in embryo development; as long as they have intact genomes, they are able to produce normal offspring. Chromosomes within the first and second polar bodies can be used as substitutes for female pronuclei for the production of normal offspring. The nuclei of adult somatic cells can be used for production of animals. This procedure, involving introduction of cell nuclei into enucleated oocytes (genomic cloning), is rather inefficient at present. Many obstacles must be overcome before it is accepted as a safe, novel method to reproduce scientifically, medically or economically valuable animals. For human cloning the prime consideration must be the welfare of the child.
An Instrument for the Student Evaluation of Teaching Effectiveness in Physical Education Activity CoursesEffects of a Season's Training on the Body Composition of Female College Swimmers

(1976). An Instrument for the Student Evaluation of Teaching Effectiveness in Physical Education Activity CoursesEffects of a Season's Training on the Body Composition of Female College Swimmers. Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 296-298.
Matchmaking and Rent Seeking: An Empirical Analysis of Mergers of Venture-Backed Companies

Venture capitalists claim to add value to their portfolio companies through their extensive networks. This paper documents a rent-seeking behavior that accompanies this VC keiretsu effect. Using a sample of 570 mergers between venture-backed companies, we find that deals in which the acquirer and target are backed by a common venture investor are followed by substantially worse stock returns and operating performance for the acquirer, after controlling for an array of deal characteristics. Moreover, venture-backed acquirers pay higher multiples for targets backed by a common VC. Finally, stock (as the method of payment) is chosen more often in mergers of companies backed by a common VC. Our results suggest that while VCs facilitate the matching of merging firms, they also use their influence to extract rents from acquirer shareholders.
Principle Hierarchy Based Intelligent Tutoring System for Common Cockpit Helicopter Training

SHAI is developing a comprehensive Operator Machine Interface Assistant (OMIA) system. The system will assist operators learn the new common-cockpit MH-60R and MH-60S helicopters in an increasingly broad variety of mission tasks and analyses, using the wide assortment of sensor, navigation, and computational resources available. We are employing a principle hierarchy based intelligent tutoring system, to teach the Common Cockpit machine interface during simulated mission execution. The Intelligent tutoring system utilizes a SHAI developed ITS authoring environment that has been developed and enhanced for various other ITS projects. This paper describes the OMIA system, emphasizing the authoring tool's ability to develop visually the principle hierarchy and the evaluation finite state machines necessary to evaluate the student. In addition the decision tree enhancement to the authoring tool developed as part of this OMIA project, is described.
MELD exceptions for portopulmonary hypertension: current policy and future implementation.

Since 2006, waitlist candidates with portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) have been eligible for standardized Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) exception points. However, there are no data evaluating the current POPH exception policy and its implementation. We used Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) data to compare outcomes of patients with approved POPH MELD exceptions from 2006 to 2012 to all nonexception waitlist candidates during this period. Since 2006, 155 waitlist candidates had approved POPH MELD exceptions, with only 73 (47.1%) meeting the formal OPTN exception criteria. Furthermore, over one-third of those with approved POPH exceptions either did not fulfill hemodynamic criteria consistent with POPH or had missing data, with 80% of such patients receiving a transplant based on receiving exception points. In multivariable multistate survival models, waitlist candidates with POPH MELD exceptions had an increased risk of death compared to nonexception waitlist candidates, regardless of whether they did (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.73–3.52; n = 100) or did not (HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.04–2.47; n = 55) have hemodynamic criteria consistent with POPH. These data highlight the need for OPTN/UNOS to reconsider not only the policy for POPH MELD exceptions, but also the process by which such points are awarded.
Effect of 11-oxygen function on the steric course of reduction of steroids by homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation.

Abstract The effect of the 11-oxygen function on the stereochemieal course of homogeneous catalytic reduction of steroidal 1,4-dien-3-ones has been examined. Reduction of the 1,2-double bond in l,4-dien-3-ones using tristriphenylphosphinerhodium chloride as catalyst proceeds predominantly from the α-face except for the 11α-hydroxy substituted compound in which reduction is not stereospecific.
The role of camera-bundled image management software in the consumer digital imaging value chain

This research was undertaken by the Convergence Center at the Syracuse University School of Information Studies (www.digital-convergence.info). Project ICONICA, the name for the research, focuses on the strategic implications of digital Images and the CONvergence of Image management and image CApture. Consumer imaging - the activity that we once called “photography” - is now recognized as in the throes of a digital transformation. At the end of 2003, market researchers estimated that about 30% of the households in the U.S. and 40% of the households in Japan owned digital cameras. In 2004, of the 86 million new cameras sold (excluding one-time use cameras), a majority (56%) were estimated to be digital cameras. Sales of photographic film, while still profitable, are declining precipitously.
Oil Prospects of Northeastern Nevada and Northwestern Utah: ABSTRACT

Intensive geological field work currently is being carried out in northeastern Nevada and northwestern Utah, in the northern part of the Basin-and-Range province. The first exploratory test of recent years is being drilled on the eastern side of the Pancake Range. Sediments are primarily Paleozoic and constitute one of the most complete and thickest sections of this group in America. Showings of oil, asphaltic material, and gas are known at several points. Devonian and Carboniferous limestones and the White Pine shale (Upper (?) Mississippian) are the best source rocks. Certain facies of the so-called Diamond Peak quartzite (Lower (?) Pennsylvanian) and the Weber conglomerate (Upper Pennsylvanian), as well as the Upper Paleozoic limestones themselves, may prove suitable r servoirs. The thermal effect of volcanic and granitic rocks on sediments is generally unimportant. The structure and stratigraphy indicate that there are anticlinal, fault, and stratigraphic traps within the area. Faulting probably will be the most important risk in exploration. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2380------------
Actor–Critic-Based Optimal Tracking for Partially Unknown Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems

This paper presents a partially model-free adaptive optimal control solution to the deterministic nonlinear discrete-time (DT) tracking control problem in the presence of input constraints. The tracking error dynamics and reference trajectory dynamics are first combined to form an augmented system. Then, a new discounted performance function based on the augmented system is presented for the optimal nonlinear tracking problem. In contrast to the standard solution, which finds the feedforward and feedback terms of the control input separately, the minimization of the proposed discounted performance function gives both feedback and feedforward parts of the control input simultaneously. This enables us to encode the input constraints into the optimization problem using a nonquadratic performance function. The DT tracking Bellman equation and tracking Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) are derived. An actor-critic-based reinforcement learning algorithm is used to learn the solution to the tracking HJB equation online without requiring knowledge of the system drift dynamics. That is, two neural networks (NNs), namely, actor NN and critic NN, are tuned online and simultaneously to generate the optimal bounded control policy. A simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Phase contrast and interferometric microscopy of the L. E. cell phenomenon.

Alterations in the cellular morphology of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes under the influence of serum from patients having disseminated lupus erythematosus were observed under the phase contrast microscope. These changes appear to involve the cell nucleus without significant visible incorporation of cytoplasm. In the formation of the L.E. body, there is a loss of internal nuclear structure and a subsequent nuclear swelling and extrusion of the nuclear contents from the cell to form the free L.E. body. The possible incorporation of cytoplasmic substance cannot alone account for the large mass of the L.E. body as contrasted with the parent nucleus or nuclear lobe. Measurements of dry mass by means of the interference microscope show a two and one-half-fold increment in dry mass in L.E. bodies compared to parent lymphocyte nuclei. This confirms previous cytochemical studies, and establishes that an influx of protein into the leukocyte nucleus is an integral part of the L.E. phenomenon. That the accumulation of extraneous protein within the L.E. body is simultaneous with or subsequent to a disruption of the normal structure of the leukocyte nucleus is apparent from these studies, but the pathogenesis of this alteration is as yet unknown.