cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cord Blood Vitamin D Status Impacts Innate Immune Responses

Inadequate cord blood plasma concentrations of vitamin D adversely impact the innate immune response; exogenous supplementation of 25(OH)D3 in vitro recovers innate immune activity.
Wavelength-resolved studies of förster energy transfer in azobenzene-modified conjugated polymers : The competing roles of exciton migration and spectral resonance

We report results from wavelength-resolved fluorescence lifetime measurements of azobenzene-modified poly-(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV). The introduction of an azobenzene side chain enables reversible phototriggered modulation of the PPV emission. Intensity modulation is possible because Forster-type energy transfer from the PPV backbone to the azobenzene side-chain acceptors is more efficient for the cis-azobenzene isomer than for the trans. Here we explore how side-chain quenching competes with intrinsic PPV exciton dynamics. By probing the red and blue edges of the PPV emission, we evaluate the photophysical effects of the side chain on different exciton populations. Prior to UV exposure, when the azobenzene side chains are trans, three exciton subpopulations are detected: (i) rapidly diffusing and unquenched, (ii) nondiffusing and quenched, and (iii) low-energy, nondiffusing and unquenched. Exciton diffusion on the far blue edge is extremely efficient and mitigates the effects of side-chain quenching, giving rise to the first population. The second population is due to spectral resonance between side chains and nondiffusing excitons. The third population consists of excitons residing on the longest PPV chain segments. After UV-induced trans - cis photoisomerization, we observe a greater degree of quenching on the red edge as spectral overlap improves and the lowest-energy chromophores become efficiently quenched. Hence, cis-azobenzene quenching of (iii) contributes greatly to the efficient photomodulation of these PPV derivatives. In addition, rapid exciton migration on the blue edge may help to improve modulation efficiencies by effectively competing with energy transfer to trans-azobenzene. These findings provide improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of energy transfer to side chains in this important class of polymers.
Paleoecological reconstructions in southern Egypt based on the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the organic fraction and stable carbon isotopes in individual amino acids of fossil ostrich eggshell

Previous studies on ostrich eggshell (OES) have demonstrated the remarkable integrity of this medium for the retention of indigenous proteinaceous residues over 106 yr and more (e.g., Brooks et al., 1990; Miller et al., 1992). Such integrity suggests that the initial isotopic composition of the organic molecules might also be retained, and the stable isotopes of carbon (~ t 3 C ) and nitrogen (~ 15N ) in various organic fractions, including fil3C in individual amino acids, might be used to provide some information about the ecology at the time the egg was formed. Carbon isotopes in the organic and inorganic fractions of bones and teeth from herbivores are reasonably well-established indices of the relative proportions of C3 and Ca plants consumed (e.g., van der Merwe, 1982; DeNiro, 1987; van der Merwe et al., 1988). C3 plants (mean ~13C=-26.5+_2%o; O'Leary, 1981) include all trees and most shrubs and grasses adapted to temperate or shaded tropical forests. Ca plants (mean ~ 3 C = 12.5+ lO/oo; O'Leary, 1981 ) include most tropical grasses and a few shrubs adapted to high temperatures and radiation. Based on these observations, general paleoecological interpretations can often be made from the
Creation and Usability Testing of a Web-Based Pre-Scanning Radiology Patient Safety and History Questionnaire Set

Recent advances in technology have significantly changed radiology workflow. The main focus of these changes has been the transition from hard copy film to digital imaging. The next transition will be a “paperless” transformation. Web-based versions of the current paper-based patient safety and history questionnaires were created using PHP and MySQL. Two rounds of usability testing using volunteers were completed using tablet PCs. Volunteers were comprised of ten individuals. Ages of volunteers ranged from 27 to 60 years, and there were eight males and two females. The majority of users had at least a Master’s degree and was considered to have a computer experience level of a programmer. Eighty percent of the users agreed that the web-based questionnaires and tablet PCs were easy to use. Text input through the writing recognition window and scrolling proved to be the least usable sections of the questionnaires. The new web-based system was found to be a very usable system by our participants. The questionnaires were easy to use, easy to navigate, and easy to read. Individual elements such as radio buttons and checkboxes did not fair as well but were due to their small size. Difficulty with the writing recognition interface is an inherent issue with the Windows XP Tablet Edition operating system.
Crystallization, melting, and relaxation of modified poly(phenylene sulfide). I. Calorimetric studies

Abstract The crystallization, melting, and glass-rubber relaxation characteristics of a series of random poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) copolymers based on sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) and 1,4- and 1,3-dichlorobenzene monomers have been investigated; sample compositions included the PPS homopolymer, and copolymers incorporating 5%, 8%, and 10% meta-phenylene linkages. The introduction of increasing levels of meta-phenylene units led to a modest decrease in amorphous glass transition temperature (from 86°C [0%] to 74°C [10%]) and a strong decrease in equilibrium melting temperature as determined by Hoffman-Weeks extrapolation(from 331°C[0%] to 273°C [10%]). Wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) studies indicated that the meta units were excluded as defects from the bulk crystal structure, with no variation in unit cell parameters. Measurements of glass transition temperature for the crystallized polymers revealed a significant positive offset in Tg with the presence of crystallinity owing to the constraints impo...
Cholesterol Granuloma of the Petrous Apex and Sphenoidal Sinus: A Case Report

A case of a cholesterol granuloma located in the petrous apex and eroding into the sphenoidal sinus is reported. Cholesterol granuloma is thought to occur when pneumatized cells in the temporal bone become obstructed. Although usually occurring in the middle ear, it can occur in the petrous apex. The diagnosis and surgical management are discussed.
the 19th-century Tlingit potlatch: a new perspective

The paper explores the meaning of the 19th-century Tlingit memorial potlatch and explains some of the reasons for its centrality in the Tlingit sociocultural order. By drawing on existing accounts of this complex ritual and on data obtained during fieldwork in 1979–80 and 1984, the study focuses on the symbolism of ceremonial objects, ritual acts and discourse, as well as the interaction and relationships among actors. By treating the dead as active participants and by analyzing the role of the cultural values associated with them, the paper presents a more holistic interpretation of this ritual than previous works on the subject and suggests some implications of its findings for research on comparable ceremonies in other Northwest Coast societies. [mortuary ritual, symbolic analysis, potlatch, Northwest Coast, Tlingit]
High-Resolution Electron Microscopic Investigation of Frustrated Packing of a Semiflexible Liquid Crystalline Polyester

The structure and morphology of a crystallizable thermotropic main-chain polyester with a decamethylene flexible spacer [OCOPhCOOPhOCOPhCOO(CH 2 ) 10 ] n has been investigated by X-ray scattering, electron diffraction (ED), and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). Analysis of the electron and X-ray diffraction patterns from quenched specimens suggests a frustrated packing model of smectic order, comprising bundles of chains. This conclusion is supported by HREM imaging of the 17 (002) and 24 A (011) layer spacings, which confirm two-dimensional ordering. Further insight in the molecular packing is gained by analysis of crystalline structures. Annealing results in one of two different crystal structures, depending on temperature. Low-temperature crystallization is kinetically limited and does not alter the axial packing of the smectic mesophase significantly. Annealing at temperatures, near to the nematic phase, however, produces a markedly different crystal structure, which yields a 33 A (001) reflection. In the latter, more stable phase, the flexible spacers and aromatic mesogens are microphase separated from one another, whereas the former packing represents a frustration of microphase separation and packing strain. Small bundles, of molecules in registry, are shifted axially in the smectic state so as to relax the strain induced by the difference in cross section between the two portions of the molecular repeat unit. Images combining diffraction and phase contrast allow simultaneous visualization of the mesomorphic and semicrystalline phases in annealed specimens. Bright field images of the 33 A (001) spacing of the high-temperature form enable the crystal size, shape, and relative orientations to be determined. Disclinations have also been examined.
Palmar dermatoglyphics as a means of identifying individuals in a baboon population

Dermatoglyphic patterns provide a reliable, permanent means of identifying individual primates in wild populations. Unlike the conventional marking techniques applied in wildlife biology, they are not prone to fading, loss, or distortion. Nonetheless, they have not been previously used for identification in primate field studies. We report here two simple techniques for recording dermatoglyphs in the field and describe an application of the method to a long-term study of population dynamics among baboons (Papio hamadryas, sensu lato)in central Ethiopia. Members of a baboon population were live-trapped, and replicas made of their palmar dermatoglyphics, in 1973, 1982, 1983, and 1984. By comparing the 1973 set with the later samples, we were able to identify four animals, two of each sex. All had been subadult or newly adult in 1973, as determined by dental eruption. Eleven years after their first capture, both females were still members of the same troop, although this had apparently amalgamated with a neighboring group. Both males had migrated. One had moved from one olive baboon group to another; the other (a hybrid) had moved from the hybrid zone described by Nagel (1973) into an olive troop. Ten animals were identified in both the 1983 and the 1984 samples, and one of these had previously been recorded in both 1982 and 1973. Establishing identity by means of dermatoglyphics promises to be a useful tool in studies where sampling episodes are widely separate in time.
Tumor accumulation of neutron-activatable holmium-containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles in an orthotopic non-small cell lung cancer mouse model

Abstract Mesoporous silica MCM-41 nanoparticles containing the stable isotope holmium-165 (165Ho) were prepared by exposing the approximately 400 nm particles to an aqueous solution of 165Ho acetylacetonate for 24 h at room temperature; the obtained solid was subsequently irradiated in a PULSTAR nuclear reactor (reactor power = 1 MW; thermal neutron flux of approximately 5.5 or 7.7 × 1012 n/cm2s) to produce holmium-166-containing mesoporous silica (166Ho-MCM-41) nanoparticles (20.8 ± 1.9% w/w 166Ho). The 166Ho-MCM-41 nanoparticles were administered intravenously (i.v.) to orthotopic non-small cell lung cancer A549-luciferase tumor-bearing mice. After 24 h, 4.5 ± 3.9% initial dose per gram (ID/g) of tissue was detected in tumors and after 1 week, this value increased to 58.8 ± 34.7% ID/g. These results demonstrate that mesoporous silica MCM-41 nanoparticles can deliver significant amounts of a therapeutic radionuclide to tumors after i.v. injection.
A COMPARISON OF ROASTING VERSUS BROILING ON THE SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF BEEF LONGISSIMUS STEAKS

Beef longissimus steaks (n = 72) ranging in marbling from “traces” through “slightly abundant” and in maturity from “A” through “E” were roasted (oven temperature = 175°C and internal temperature = 70°C) or broiled (electric grill temperature = about 2750C and internal temperature = 70°C). A trained 12-member descriptive panel rated the cooked meat for tenderness, juiciness, amount of detectable connective tissue, and flavor intensity. Degree of maturity and USDA marbling score significantly affected all palatability traits, whereas cooking method (roasting vs broiling) significantly affected only juiciness ratings. Roasted steaks were rated higher in juiciness, had lower cooking losses, and required longer cooking times to achieve the desired temperature endpoint than broiled steaks. Roasted and broiled steaks did not differ in tenderness, flavor intensity, or amount of detectable connective tissue.
A BRANCHING LAW FOR THE SYMPLECTIC GROUPS

Branching laws for the irreducible tensor representations of the general linear and orthogonal groups are well-known. Furthermore, these laws have a simple form [1]. In the case of the symplectic groups, however, the branching law becomes more complicated and is expressed in terms of a determinant. We derive this result here bybrute force applied to the Weyl character formulas, though it could also have been obtained from a more sophisticated treatment of representation theory contained in some unpublished work of Kostant. The Branching law* Let Vn be an ^-dimensional vector space over the complex field. The symplectic group in n dimensions, Sp(n/2), is the set of all linear transformations ae &(V n), under which a nondegenerate skew-symmetric bilinear form on Vn x V* is invariant, [3]. If is the bilinear form on Vn x Vn and ae ξ?(V n), then
Language-driven Validation of Pipelined Processors using Satisfiability Solvers

Due to increasing demand for faster computations, deeply pipelined processor architectures are being employed to meet desired system performance. Functional validation of such pipelined processors is one of the most complex and expensive tasks in the current systems-on-chip design methodology. While language-based validation techniques have proposed several promising ideas, many challenges remain in applying them to realistic pipelined processors. This paper describes two practical challenges in this methodology: test generation and equivalence checking. The time and resources required for test generation using the existing approaches can be extremely large for today's pipelined processors. Similarly, traditional equivalence checkers are not useful in the context of language-driven model generation and functional validation. This paper outlines our plan to address these challenges using satisfiability checking
Control of mitotic events by the Cdc42 GTPase, the Clb2 cyclin and a member of the PAK kinase family

Abstract Background: Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases induce and coordinate the events of the cell cycle, although the mechanisms by which they do so remain largely unknown. In budding yeast, a pathway used by the Clb2 cyclin to control bud growth during mitosis provides a good model system in which to understand how cyclin-dependent kinases control cell-cycle events. In this pathway, Clb2 initiates a series of events that lead to the mitosis-specific activation of the Gin4 protein kinase. A protein called Nap1 is required in vivo for the activation of Gin4, and is able to bind to both Gin4 and Clb2. We have used a simple genetic screen to identify additional proteins that function in this pathway. Results: We have found that the Cdc42 GTPase and a member of the PAK kinase family called Cla4 both function in the pathway used by Clb2 to control bud growth during mitosis. Cdc42 and Cla4 interact genetically with Gin4 and Nap1, and both are required in vivo for the mitosis-specific activation of the Gin4 kinase. Furthermore, Cla4 undergoes a dramatic hyperphosphorylation in response to the combined activity of Nap1, the Clb2–Cdc28 kinase complex, and the GTP-bound form of Cdc42. Evidence is presented which suggests that the hyperphosphorylated form of Cla4 is responsible for relaying the signal to activate Gin4. Conclusions: Previous studies have suggested that cyclin-dependent kinases control the cell cycle by directly phosphorylating proteins involved in specific events, such as nuclear lamins, microtubule-associated proteins and histones. In contrast, our results demonstrate that the Clb2–Cdc28 cyclin-dependent kinase complex controls specific cell-cycle events through a pathway that involves a GTPase and at least two different kinases. This suggests that cyclin-dependent kinases may control many cell-cycle events through GTPase-linked signaling pathways that resemble the intricate signaling pathways known to control many other cellular events.
Affirmative Action Under Fire The Current Controversy and the Potential for State Policy Retrenchment

The controversy over affirmative action has grown to such a point in recent years that many observers have questioned whether the policy can long endure. Legislation aimed at prohibiting the use of affirmative action has been introduced m numerous states. Gubernatorial orders or citizen initiatives to overturn affirmative action also have occurred. This article examines the rise of recent anti-affirmative action policy proposals. A modest positive relationship is found between the size of a state's minority population and the expression of anti-affirmative action sentiment Given the direction of current trends, affirmative action in the future is likely to be limited to programs typical of those m the early 1960s based on minority outreach and recruitment rather than the granting of preferences
A Versatile Precursor for the Synthesis of New Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts

The ruthenium complex (IMesH2)(Cl)2(C5H5N)2RuCHPh [IMesH2 = 1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene] (3) was prepared by the reaction of (IMesH2)(PCy3)(Cl)2RuCHPh (2) with an excess of pyridine. Complex 3 contains substitutionally labile pyridine and chloride ligands and serves as a versatile starting material for the synthesis of new ruthenium benzylidenes.
Effective potentials: A new approach and new results for one-dimensional systems with competing length scales.

A new method, involving the solution of a nonlinear eigenvalue equation, is proposed for finding the ground-state configurations and energies of the Frenkel-Kontorova and similar onedimensional models which can show complicated transitions between commensurate and incommensurate phases. It is used to show that a distinctive phase diagram can arise if a cosine potential is perturbed by the addition of suitable harmonics.
Blending MODIS and Landsat images for urban flood mapping

Satellite images provide important data sources for monitoring flood disasters. However, the trade-off between spatial and temporal resolutions of current satellite sensors limits their uses in urban flooding studies. This study applied and compared two data fusion models, the Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) and Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (ESTARFM), in generating synthetic flooding images with improved temporal and spatial resolution for flood mapping. The synthetic images are produced in two scenarios: (1) for real-time prediction based on Landsat and MODIS images acquired before the investigated flooding; and (2) for post-disaster prediction based on images acquired after the flooding. The 2005 Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans was selected as a case study. The result shows that the Landsat-like images generated can be successfully applied in flood mapping. Particularly, ESTARFM surpasses STARFM in predicting surface reflectance in both...
Pharmacologic Therapy for the Neurogenic Bladder

This article is a review of the current and past literature on medical management of the neurogenic bladder, with a particular focus on spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis. The use of antimuscarinics, αα-blocker, and tricyclic antidepressants and their combined use are discussed along with new therapies in human and animal trials.
Fleur-de-Lis Abdominoplasty: A Safe Alternative to Traditional Abdominoplasty for the Massive Weight Loss Patient

Background:Traditional abdominoplasty techniques often fail to adequately correct the complex contour deformities in the massive weight loss patient. To address these deformities, addition of a vertical skin resection to the traditional horizontal excision has become a popular procedure. The authors
Reliability and validity of the sexuality scale: A measure of sexual‐esteem, sexual‐depression, and sexual‐preoccupation

The Sexuality Scale (SS; Snell & Papini, 1989) was designed to measure sexual‐esteem, (the dispositional tendency to evaluate positively one's capacity to relate sexually to others), sexual‐depression, (the chronic tendency to feel depressed about the sexual aspects of one's life), and sexual‐preoccupation, (the persistent tendency to be absorbed and obsessed with sexual matters). The purpose of the present research was to provide evidence from two separate studies for the reliability and validity of the Sexuality Scale. The results indicated that all three SS subscales had high reliability (both test‐retest and internal consistency). Other findings indicated that the dispositional sexual tendencies measured by the Sexuality Scale were related in predictable ways to men's and women's reports of their sexual behaviors and attitudes.
Management Development for an Organisation in Transition

A case analysis of an organisational development intervention designed to reduce the reliance of the case organisation′s management on an “administrative system”. The intervention process followed a modified action‐research model and clearly met its original change objective.
Exploring liquid metal PFC concepts: Dynamics of fast flowing lithium films under fusion relevant magnetic fields

The use of fast flowing lithium streams for protection of the divertor surface in a magnetic fusion device is a very attractive option for effective particle pumping and surface heat removal. The divertor magnetic field environment tends to create strong flow disrupting magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) forces, which pose a major challenge in establishing a smooth and controllable flow. In this paper the 3D incompressible, multi-material MHD free surface code, HIMAG, developed by HyPerComp Inc. in collaboration with UCLA has been applied to model several problems of interest which are pivotal in understanding the basic MHD behavior of fast flowing lithium streams on rectangular electrically conducting substrates. The parameters used in the numerical studies conform to the outboard divertor region of the NSTX machine at Princeton
Predictors of bone mineral density improvement in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) results in increased bone turnover, resulting in bone mineral density (BMD) reduction and a predisposition towards fractures. Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is the only definitive cure. The primary goals of this study were to investigate the impact of PTX on BMD in patients with PHPT and to identify factors associated with post-operative BMD improvement using a multivariate model. Between 1999 and 2010, a total of 757 patients underwent PTX for treatment of PHPT; 123 patients had both a pre- and a post-operative dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. A prospective database was queried to obtain information about patient demographics, medications, comorbidities, and pre- and post-operative laboratory values. A Cox regression model was used to stratify patients and to identify factors that independently predict BMD response following PTX in this patient population. Overall, mean percent change in BMD was +12.31 % at the spine, +8.9 % at the femoral neck (FN), and +8.5 % at the hip, with a mean follow-up of 2.3 ± 1.5 years. A total of 101 (82.1 %) patients had BMD improvement at their worst pre-operative site. In patients who improved, 69.9 % (n = 86) had >5 % increase. Factors associated with BMD improvement at the worst pre-operative site were as follows: male gender (hazard ratio [HR] 2.29; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.54–4.21); pre-operative BMD with T-score less than −2.0 (HR 1.89; 95 % CI 1.11–2.39); age 2.5 years post-operatively (HR 1.71; 95 % CI 1.09–2.17); history of previous fracture (HR 1.24; 95 % CI 1.05–1.92); and private insurance (HR 1.18; 95 % CI 1.06–2.1). The use of bisphosphonates, estrogens, vitamin D supplementation, or tobacco; obesity; history of previous PTX, serum calcium or parathyroid hormone levels were not independently associated with post-operative BMD improvement. Osteoporosis is one of the established National Institutes of Health criteria for PTX in asymptomatic patients with PHPT, but BMD improvement is not consistently seen during the post-operative period. Gender, age, more severe pre-operative bone disease, and insurance status were all predictors for greater BMD improvement following PTX. Further studies with a rigorous post-operative BMD regimen are needed in order to validate these results.
The ion photon emission microscope on SNL’s nuclear microprobe and in LBNL’s cyclotron facility

Abstract Radiation effects microscopy (REM) has evolved into an essential tool for the study, diagnostics and remedy of single event effects (SEE) in microelectronics devices, However, we are entering an era where the ion energies of the current systems are becoming inadequate for diagnosing SEE problems in modern ICs due to the great thickness of interlevel dielectric, metallization and passivation layers found on top of the active radiation-sensitive Si. Our solution is the ion photon emission microscope (IPEM), which eliminates the need to focus several GeV heavy ions. A tabletop IPEM is currently in use at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), operating with alpha particles, and showing 4 μm resolution. We have recently developed a second system, and installed it on one of the SNL nuclear microprobe lines to demonstrate the principle and prove its potential as a portable radiation effects microscope that can be installed at the LBNL GeV cyclotron facility. The microprobe system is currently operating with ∼2 μm resolution. The determined advantages of installing a similar system at the LBNL cyclotron facility will be discussed, in addition to recently measured optical characteristics of the various phosphor materials being investigated.
L2-approximating Pricing under Restricted Information

We consider the mean-variance hedging problem under partial information in the case where the flow of observable events does not contain the full information on the underlying asset price process. We introduce a certain type martingale equation and characterize the optimal strategy in terms of the solution of this equation. We give relations between this equation and backward stochastic differential equations for the value process of the problem.
A STAINING TECHNIQUE FOR THE EXAMINATION OF NEMATODE-TRAPPING FUNGI.

JANUS green, a bluish green basic dye of the morio-azo group, was observed to react in an interesting and useful manner with both nematode-trapping fungi and their prey. The dye is used at a concentration of 0.01 per cent in 0.2 M sodium acetate–acetic acid buffer at pH 4.6, and added drop by drop to the test material. Excellent results were obtained when the staining solution was applied directly to surface cultures of Arthrobotrys conoides, A. dactyloides and Dactylella ellipsospora, on maize-meal extract agar and on ‘Cellophane’1. These fungi capture nematodes by means of adhesive hyphal loops, constricting rings, and adhesive knobs, respectively. The nematode used was Panagrellus redivivus.
SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSITIONS OF ISOTOPES OF ZINC.

The effect of isotopic mass on the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ of Zn has been investigated in three highly purified samples with average isotopic masses of 63.96, 65.91, and 67.94. By extrapolating critical magnetic field curves to zero field, values of 0.855, 0.846, and 0.836\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K were obtained for ${T}_{c}$ of ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{64}$, ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{66}$, and ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{68}$, respectively. These values were found to satisfy the relation ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\propto}{M}^{\ensuremath{-}z}={M}^{\ensuremath{-}0.5(1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\zeta})}$ with $z$ taken as 0.37 and $\ensuremath{\zeta}$ as 0.25. Critical field curves measured between 0.39\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and ${T}_{c}$ were found to have a maximum deviation from a parabola of about 5.7%. Specific heats calculated from these critical field curves are compared with direct measurements made by others. The superconducting-to-normal transition of a sample was observed to broaden as the applied magnetic field was reduced below some small value. Ratios of transition widths in "zero" field and in the earth's field ranged from about 2 to over 30, depending on the sample.
Is reproductive ageing controlled by the brain

Female reproductive function is controlled by complex interactions of the brain, pituitary gland and ovary. Each of these organs produces unique hormones, and each hormone acts upon the other organs to affect a response. Differentiating the causes and the consequences of reproductive senescence in mammals is thus a 'chicken and egg' puzzle. Surprisingly, recent evidence indicates a more important role for the brain in the initiation and transition to reproductive senescence.
Uterine remnants and pelvic pain in females with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome.

Abstract Objective To assess the association between pelvic pain and uterine remnants and review the management of pelvic pain in females with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at a tertiary referring medical center. Patients Forty-eight females with MRKH presenting from 1997 to 2011 with anatomy confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Interventions None. Main Outcome Measure Prevalence Of uterine remnants and the association of uterine remnants with pelvic pain in females with MRKH. Results Of the 48 females with MRKH, 23 (48%) had uterine remnants and 22 (46%) had pelvic pain. Presence of endometrium was associated with pelvic pain (RR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.2-4.7) in females with MRKH. Of the females with MKRH and pain, 9/22 had laparoscopy, with endometriosis seen in 5/9 of the uterine remnants at stages higher than are usually seen in teenagers (56%). Nine patients with pain and uterine remnants (8 with endometrium, 1 without) had laparoscopic removal of uterine remnants with resolution of pain. Conclusions Given the high prevalence of uterine remnants in females with MRKH, anatomic evaluation with MRI should be considered when assessing the etiology of pelvic pain. Presence of endometrium within uterine remnants, and subsequent endometriosis, in females with MRKH may be associated with pelvic pain necessitating surgical or medical management.
Rate of adsorption to and desorption from a langmuir surface: The case of zero activation barrier to adsorption without dissociation

Many rate constants of elementary steps on single crystals have been measured. Their pre-exponential factors can now be compared to those calculated by transition state theory. Such a calculation is presented in this Letter with due attention to microscopic reversibility, standard states, and configurational entropy.
Molten (Mg0.88Fe0.12)2SiO4 at lower mantle conditions: Melting products and structure of quenched glasses

Infrared spectra of quenched magnesium silicate glasses synthesized by fusing olivine at pressures in excess of 50 GPa and temperatures greater than 2500 K demonstrate that silicon is dominantly present in four-fold coordination with respect to oxygen within these quenched glasses. This low coordination is attributed, by analogy with the structural behavior of glasses compressed at 300 K, to the instability of higher coordinations in glasses of these compositions on decompression. Spectra of glasses formed in a hydrous environment document that water is extensively soluble in melts at these high pressures and temperatures. Also, these results are consistent with the melting of (Mg0.88Fe0.12)2SiO4 compositions to liquids near pyroxene in stoichiometry under these conditions, with iron-rich magnesiowuestite being the liquidus phase.
Thermal stability of nanocrystalline Fe-10 wt.% Al produced by cryogenic mechanical alloying

Abstract Nanocrystalline Fe-10 wt.% Al material is synthesized using cryogenic high energy ball milling (cryomilling). The resultant powders are compacted in a rigid die at 350 MPa and 823 K in an argon atmosphere. The grain size of the powder compacts, determined using transmission electron microscopy, is found to be 11 ±5 nm. Subsequent heat treatment for 1 hour at temperatures of 1073 K and 1223 K reveals that fine grain sizes of 13 ± 6 nm and 16 ± 7 nm, respectively, are maintained. Only when the heat treatment temperature is increased to 1373 K, or over 75% of the melting point of Fe, do relatively large grainsform, approaching 100 nm. This level of thermal stability is shown to exceed that of pure Fe processed under identical conditions, by a significant margin. The present results indicate that the increase in thermal stability may originate from the pinning effect offine dispersoids formed during cryomilling and subsequent heat treatment.
Partial translocation of NOR and its activity in a balanced carrier and in her cri-du-chat fetus

Cytogenetic analysis of a balanced reciprocal translocation t(5;13) carrier and her unbalanced 5p-conceptus was carried out. This carrier mother had previously given birth to a child with cri-du-chat syndrome. Silver staining demonstrated the breakpoint on 13p within the nucleolus organizer region (NOR). In the carrier, the NORs both at the original site 13p0 and at the translocated site (5p) were silver-stained, indicating that the rRNA genes at both sites were transcribed. The NOR at the derivative chromosome 5 was also silver-stained in the fetus.
Predictive Validity of the Scales for Rating the Behavioral Characteristics of Superior Students for Gifted Children from Three Sociocultural Groups.

AbstractThe predictive validity of a recently published behavioral rating scale for identifying gifted and creative students (Scales for Rating the Behavioral Characteristics of Superior Students [SRBCSS]) was investigated for three ethnic by socioeconomic groups. Regression analyses were computed between the SRBCSS and both the Stanford Achievement Test (SAT) and a standardized intelligence test. The results indicated low to moderate relationships between the variables for Anglos from mid-high and low socioeconomic backgrounds. Correlations were higher for a group of low socioeconomic Hispanics, with the highest correlations being between the Reading Comprehension subtest of the SAT and the Creative scales of the SRBCSS. Implications for practice and future investigations are discussed.
Activation of LDL receptor gene expression in HepG2 cells by hepatocyte growth factor

The effect of recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene expression was studied in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. HepG2 cells were incubated with serum-free media in the presence and absence of HGF for various times and 125I-labeled LDL specific binding at 4 degrees C, uptake at 37 degrees C, and the levels of LDL receptor mRNA were measured. Incubation with HGF produced time- and concentration-dependent increases in 125I-labeled LDL binding (2-fold), uptake (2.5-fold), and LDL receptor mRNA (6-fold). HGF increased the rate of LDL receptor gene transcription 4- to 5-fold relative to that of several "house-keeping" genes as measured by nuclear run-on transcription. The half-life of LDL receptor mRNA, measured with actinomycin D, was not increased in HGF-treated cells. The stimulation of LDL receptor expression occurred independently of changes in cellular cholesterol or DNA biosynthesis or total cell protein. HepG2 cells were transiently transfected with plasmids bearing either three copies of repeats 2 and 3 (pLDLR(23)3LUC) or one copy of the LDL receptor promoter from -556 to +53 (pLDLR600LUC) linked to firefly luciferase. Incubation of pLDLR(23)3LUC, or pLDLR600LUC-transfected cells with HGF for 4 or 24 h at 37 degrees C produced a concentration-dependent increase in luciferase activity. A maximal stimulation of 3 to 6-fold was achieved for each construct at an HGF concentration of 100 ng/ml. In contrast, HGF had little or no effect on reporter activity in HepG2 cells transfected with a luciferase reporter plasmid bearing the HMG-CoA reductase promoter extending from -325 to +22. Thus, when compared to the native LDL receptor promoter, multiple copies of repeats 2 and 3 of the LDL receptor promoter can fully support activation of the luciferase reporter gene by HGF, demonstrating that the effect of HGF is mediated through the SRE-1. The lack of HGF effects mediated through the HMG-CoA reductase sterol regulatory element suggests, however, that sterol depletion may not be responsible for the induction of the LDL receptor promoter by growth factors. The signalling pathways or effectors responsible for activation of the LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase genes thus differ in their response to HGF. These data suggest that the level of SREBP's reaching the nucleus may be determined by as yet unidentified second messengers as well as by sterols.
People tracking with anonymous and ID-sensors using Rao-Blackwellised particle filters

Estimating the location of people using a network of sensors placed throughout an environment is a fundamental challenge in smart environments and ubiquitous computing. Id-sensors such as infrared badges provide explicit object identity information but coarse location information while anonymous sensors such as laser range-finders provide accurate location information only. Tracking using both sensor types simultaneously is an open research challenge. We present a novel approach to tracking multiple objects that combines the accuracy benefits of anonymous sensors and the identification certainty of id-sensors. Rao-Blackwellised particle filters are used to estimate object locations. Each particle represents the association history between Kalman filtered object tracks and observations. After using only anonymous sensors until id estimates are certain enough, id assignments are sampled as well resulting in a fully Rao-Blackwellised particle filter over both object tracks and id assignments. Our approach was implemented and tested successfully using data collected in an indoor environment.
LAS EMPRESAS DE INSERCIÓN SOCIOLABORAL Y LAS CLÁUSULAS SOCIALES EN LA CONTRATACIÓN PÚBLICA: DOS INSTRUMENTOS NECESARIOS PARA LA INNOVACIÓN SOCIAL HACIA EL DESARROLLO

La innovacion social orientada al desarrollo personal y comunitario constituye una nueva materia objeto de analisis multidisciplinares. De su utilidad da muestras la Union Europea que la ha incluido en sus objetivos de crecimiento economico y de empleo (Estrategia Europea 2020). La investigacion analiza dos instrumentos, interrelacionados, ubicados en los temas de la innovacion social y de la economia social. Primero, el principal agente de la nueva economia social: las empresas de insercion sociolaboral y sus entidades no lucrativas promotoras, que cuentan en Espana con una legislacion especifica o ad hoc. Aportamos elementos para la categorizacion juridica y economica de estos nuevos empresarios, cuya alma es un fin social y de interes general (la insercion sociolaboral de personas excluidas). En segundo lugar, justificamos la demanda de mercados sociales para nuestras empresas de insercion. Los razonamientos economicos y juridicos coinciden en la conveniencia (por su eficiencia economica), la legitimidad (por su conformidad con los valores que presiden el Derecho comunitario y el de sus Estados miembros) y la legalidad de las clausulas o los criterios sociales en la contratacion del sector publico. Avanzamos la interpretacion de estos criterios sociales mas conforme con el Derecho comunitario y espanol, que no siempre ha tenido como aliado a la Comision Europea y sus propuestas neoliberales.
THE ROLE OF THE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT OF THE HYDROGEN ION IN THE HYDROLYSIS OF GELATIN.

1. The hydrolysis of gelatin at a constant hydrogen ion concentration follows the course of a monomolecular reaction for about one-third of the reaction. 2. If the hydrogen ion concentration is not kept constant the amount of hydrolysis in certain ranges of acidity is proportional to the square root of the time (Schutz's rule). 3. The velocity of hydrolysis in strongly acid solution (pH less than 2.0) is directly proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration as determined by the hydrogen electrode i.e., the "activity;" it is not proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration as determined by the conductivity ratio. 4. The addition of neutral salts increases the velocity of hydrolysis and the hydrogen ion concentration (as determined by the hydrogen electrode) to approximately the same extent. 5. The velocity in strongly alkaline solutions (pH greater than 10) is directly proportional to the hydroxyl ion concentration. 6. Between pH 2.0 and pH 10.0 the rate of hydrolysis is approximately constant and very much greater than would be calculated from the hydrogen and hydroxyl ion concentration. This may be roughly accounted for by the assumption that the uncombined gelatin hydrolyzes much more rapidly than the gelatin salt.
Quantitative theory of electroosmotic flow in fused-silica capillaries using an extended site-dissociation--site-binding model.

To optimize separations in capillary electrophoresis, it is important to control the electroosmotic mobility of the running buffer and the factors that affect it. Through the application of a site-dissociation−site-binding model, we demonstrated that the electroosmotic mobility could be controlled qualitatively and quantitatively by the parameters related to the physical and chemical properties of the running buffer: pH, cation valence, ionic strength, viscosity, activity, and dissociation constant. Our study illustrated that the logarithm of the number of apparent silanol sites on a fused-silica surface has a linear relationship with the pH of a buffer solution. The extension of the chemical kinetics approach allowed us to obtain the thickness of the electrical double layer when multivalent inorganic cations are present with monovalent cations in a buffer solution, and we found that the thickness of the electrical double layer does not depend on the charge of anions. The general equation to predict the ...
Machine learning and rule-based automated coding of qualitative data

Large volumes of textual data pose considerable challenges for manual qualitative analysis. We explore semi-automatic coding of textual data by leveraging Natural Language Processing (NLP). We compare the performance of human-developed NLP rules to those inferred by machine learning (ML) algorithms. The results suggest that NLP with ML may be useful to support researchers coding qualitative data.
DC and microwave characteristics of InAlAs/InGaAs single-quantum-well MODFETs with GaAs gate barriers

The design and performance of In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As modulation-doped field-effect transistors (MODFETs) have been optimized by incorporating a single In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As quantum-well channel and a thin strained GaAs gate barrier layer. These help to lower the output conductance and gate leakage current of the device, respectively. The DC performance of 1- mu m-gate devices is characterized by extrinsic transconductances of 320 mS/mm at 300 K and 450 mS/mm at 77 K and a best value of f/sub T/=35 GHz is derived from S-parameter measurements. >
Relationship of school-based physical therapy to outcomes for children with disabilities in the United States

(firm versus compliant foam) conditions during the game were varied within each session. Children were asked to report their impressions of playing the game. Mixed repeated measure ANOVAs were used to compare scores pre to post and between STABEL and control groups. Results: Children in the STABEL group completed a mean of 205minutes (SD= 32.5) of intervention. The majority of the STABEL group (11/13) reported that the intervention was very fun. There were significant interactions as follows: compared to the control group, children in the STABEL group showed increases in their MABC-2 Balance Composite scale scores (P= 0.04) and MABC-2 Total Motor Scores (P= 0.01) after STABEL training. Children in the STABEL group also showed better post-test P-CTSIB2 total scores (P= 0.07). However, there was no difference in DGI scores either between groups or pre-post sessions (P= 0.30). Conclusion(s): Children who received the STABEL found it acceptable and fun and demonstrated greater improvement in balance and motor skill than a control group. TheDGImay not be sensitive enough to show change in these children. Implications: The STABEL intervention may be an appropriate intervention that can be employed in rural areas to improve motor ability. Further research within larger sample sizes of children with balance disorders is warranted.
Moonlets and clumps in Saturn's F ring

Abstract Cassini UVIS star occultations by the F ring detect 13 events ranging from 27 m to 9 km in width. We interpret these structures as likely temporary aggregations of multiple smaller objects, which result from the balance between fragmentation and accretion processes. One of these features was simultaneously observed by VIMS. There is evidence that this feature is elongated in azimuth. Some features show sharp edges. At least one F ring object is opaque and may be a “moonlet.” This possible moonlet provides evidence for larger objects embedded in Saturn's F ring, which were predicted as the sources of the F ring material by Cuzzi and Burns [Cuzzi, J.N., Burns, J.A., 1988. Icarus 74, 284–324], and as an outcome of tidally modified accretion by Barbara and Esposito [Barbara, J.M., Esposito, L.W., 2002. Icarus 160, 161–171]. We see too few events to confirm the bi-modal distribution which Barbara and Esposito [Barbara, J.M., Esposito, L.W., 2002. Icarus 160, 161–171] predict. These F ring structures and other youthful features detected by Cassini may result from ongoing destruction of small parent bodies in the rings and subsequent aggregation of the fragments. If so, the temporary aggregates are 10 times more abundant than the solid objects. If recycling by re-accretion is significant, the rings could be quite ancient, and likely to persist far into the future.