cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial Clinical Needs Among Transgender and Non-binary Individuals in a Large, Urban Gender Health Program.

Transgender and gender-diverse individuals are particularly vulnerable to healthcare discrimination and related health sequelae. To demonstrate diversity in demographics and explore variance in needs at the time of intake among patients seeking care at a large, urban gender health program. We present summary statistics of patient demographics, medical histories, and gender-affirming care needs stratified by gender identity and sexual orientation. We reviewed all intake interviews with individuals seeking care in our gender health program from 2017 to 2020. Clients reported all the types of care in which they were interested at the time of intake as their “reason for call” (i.e., establish primary care, hormone management, surgical services, fertility services, behavioral health, or other health concerns). Of 836 patients analyzed, 350 identified as trans women, 263 as trans men, and 223 as non-binary. The most prevalent sexual identity was straight among trans women (34%) and trans men (38%), whereas most (69%) non-binary individuals identified as pansexual or queer; only 3% of non-binary individuals identified as straight. Over half of patients reported primary care, hormone management, or surgical services as the primary reason for contacting our program. Straight, transgender women were more likely to report surgical services as their primary reason for contacting our program, whereas gay transgender men were more likely to report primary care as their reason. Individuals contacting our gender health program to establish care were diverse in sexual orientation and gender-affirming care needs. Care needs varied with both gender identity and sexual orientation, but primary care, hormone management, and surgical services were high priorities across groups. Providers of gender-affirming care should inquire about sexual orientation and detailed treatment priorities, as trans and gender-diverse populations are not uniform in their treatment needs or goals.
Elevated Dietary Inflammation Among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Recipients Provides Targets for Precision Public Health Intervention

Introduction The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program was designed to prevent food insecurity among low-income Americans and has been linked to improvements in pregnancy health, long-term child development, and criminal recidivism. However, the pursuit of food security does not ensure nutritional sufficiency, and the program has not improved diet quality or cardiometabolic mortality (i.e., heart disease, stroke, diabetes). In this study, longitudinal cohort data are used to identify by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program status the proinflammatory characteristics that predispose to chronic disease. Methods Between 2015 and 2018, annual 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted with 409 residents from low-income, urban neighborhoods in Columbus and Cleveland, Ohio (statistical analysis started in 2019). The Dietary Inflammatory Index was calculated. It provides empirically validated estimates of the internal inflammation that each diet should produce; higher Dietary Inflammatory Index scores have been associated with elevated inflammatory biomarkers. Finally, associations between Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Dietary Inflammatory Index were evaluated, and dietary components that differed by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program status were identified. Results Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients had higher Dietary Inflammatory Index scores (+0.40, 95% CI=0.09, 0.70) and a consistently lower intake of 4 anti-inflammatory nutrients (dietary fiber, β-carotene, magnesium, vitamin E) than nonrecipients. Vitamin D intake did not differ by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program status but was well below the Recommended Daily Allowance in this sample. Conclusions Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients had elevated Dietary Inflammatory Index scores, implying higher diet-driven inflammation. This was due, in part, to low intake of 4 anti-inflammatory food components, which were higher yet still nutritionally insufficient among nonrecipients. Findings highlight specific nutritional targets for improving public health through dietary change.
Profiling COVID-related experiences in the United States with the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory: Linkages to psychosocial functioning.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the lives of individuals, families, and communities around the world with constraints on multiple aspects of daily life. The purpose of the present study was to identify specific profiles of pandemic-related experiences and their relation to psychosocial functioning using the 92-item Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII). Data were collected as part of a cross-sectional, online survey of adults (18+) residing in the Northeast region of the United States (N = 652) and recruited via online advertisements. Person-centered latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to 38 pandemic-related experiences that showed a significant bivariate correlation with perceived stress. Measures of psychosocial risk were also obtained. Results revealed five unique profiles of respondents based on patterns of pandemic-related experiences. Three profiles representing about 64% of the sample were characterized by moderate to high exposure to adverse experiences during the pandemic and were more likely to screen positive for depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. These profiles were differentiated by sociodemographic differences, including age, caregiving, and employment status. Two profiles differentiated by age and caregiver status represented about 36% of the sample and were characterized by relatively low exposure to adverse experiences and lower risk for psychosocial impairment. Findings support the EPII as an instrument for measuring tangible and meaningful experiences in the context of an unprecedented pandemic disaster. This research may serve to identify high-risk subpopulations toward developing public health strategies for supporting families and communities in the context of public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
E2F4's cytoplasmic role in multiciliogenesis is mediated via an N-terminal domain that binds two components of the centriole replication machinery, Deup1 and SAS6.

Multiciliogenesis requires both nuclear and cytoplasmic functions of the E2F4 transcription factor. Here we identify a domain in E2F4 that interacts with two key components of the cytoplasmic centr...
Measurement of Transverse Spin Dependent Azimuthal Correlations of Charged Pion(s) in $p^{\uparrow} p$ Collisions at $\sqrt s = 200$ GeV at STAR

At the leading twist, the transversity distribution function, $h^{q}_{1}(x)$, where $x$ is the longitudinal momentum fraction of the proton carried by quark $q$, encodes the transverse spin structure of the nucleon. Extraction of it is difficult because of its chiral-odd nature. In transversely polarized proton-proton collisions ($p^\uparrow p$), $h_{1}^{q}(x)$ can be coupled with another chiral-odd partner, a spin-dependent fragmentation function (FF). The resulting asymmetries in hadron(s) azimuthal correlations directly probe $h_{1}^{q}(x)$. We report the measurement of correlation asymmetries for charged pion(s) in $p^\uparrow p$, through the Collins and the Interference FF channel.
Characterization of microglial phagocytosis and dendrimer nanoparticle uptake in a neonatal rabbit model of cerebral palsy

Hydroxyl dendrimers target reactive microglia in multiple neuroinflammatory models, including cerebral palsy. Insights on the differential uptake of dendrimers between subpopulations of micro-glia will enable the better design of precise nanomedicines to treat neuroinflammation. We have pre-viously demonstrated that microglia of rabbits with cerebral palsy undergo change to a pro-inflammatory phenotype that selectively takes up dendrimer nanoparticles proportional to the sever-ity of the injury. However, the functional changes in microglia associated with this activated pheno-type and related mechanisms of dendrimer uptake are not well understood. Here, we established a method for isolating microglia from cerebral palsy and healthy neonatal rabbit brains and assessed microglial (1) phagocytic activity ex vivo using fluorescent E. coli bioparticles and (2) dendrimer uptake in vivo after intravenous administration of dendrimer conjugated with a fluorescent dye (D-Cy5). Flow cytometry studies showed that the surface marker CD11b is reliably expressed and could isolate microglia from rabbit brain tissue. Furthermore, a significantly higher proportion of microglia isolated from cerebral palsy rabbits demonstrated increased phagocytosis when compared to controls. To assess differences in dendrimer uptake, microglia were isolated from the brain 24 hours after D-Cy5 administration. D-Cy5 localized only in CD11b+ microglia with differential up-take in subpopulations of microglia and was significantly higher in microglia from cerebral palsy rabbits when compared to healthy controls. This study demonstrates that PAMAM hydroxyl den-drimers are preferentially taken up by microglia, especially in cerebral palsy rabbits, and that sub-populations of microglia demonstrate differential dendrimer uptake. Future work will continue to evaluate these subpopulations of microglia further to facilitate the design of precise nanotherapeu-tics for targeting specific profiles of microglial activation.
Conclusion: Reading Conrad Now

Conrad’s political fiction helps us understand terrorism today, and current research in Terrorism Studies leads to new assessments of his narratives. In contrast to the suspicious readings of critique, postcritique encourages interpretations that value the information and hope in his work. The public’s assumptions about anarchists at the end of the nineteenth century and terrorists at the end of the twentieth century mistakenly attribute attacks on civilians to fanatics. The widespread willingness to allow authorities to use illegal methods to prevent attacks can backfire. As Conrad shows, and social science research confirms, ordinary people can become radicalized, and anarchists and police are counterparts. Conrad portrays these patterns in a variety of settings, showing how individual psychology and social factors motivate anarchists and police.
Countervailing Forces in African-American Civic Activism, 1973–1994: Studying Group Activism: Toward a Macro Approach to Black Civic Participation

I am because we are. African proverb We have now surveyed the economic, social, and political forces that characterize the political progress and the social and economic setbacks of African Americans in the post–civil rights era. Our theory of countervailing forces argues that political empowerment and social and economic distress have competing effects on black civic participation. In exploring the opposing forces of empowerment and distress, we take a macro approach to analyzing black civic and political participation. Rather than examining black civic participation as an artifact of individual behavior, we examine black participation in aggregates, which allows us to present a more analytically consistent profile of black civic activism than previous studies. Consider the two fictional families we profiled in Chapter 1, the Jeffersons and the Evans. Each member from both families has different levels of participation. Louise Jefferson participates more than her husband George, but Louise and Florida Evans might participate at the same level, and both women might participate less than Florida's son, Michael. Even though George Jefferson's participation is lower than his wife's, it might be higher than James Evans' participation levels, whose participation might be lower than his daughter Thelma's, but only slightly lower than his son, J.J.'s. The participation of the Jefferson's son Lionel might be less than that of his parents, and all the members of the Evans family.
The librarianship portfolio

Purpose – This paper aims to describe the development of a Librarianship Portfolio for the purposes of permanent status evaluation and rank promotion at a small private university with a unionized faculty. Design/methodology/approach – The Librarianship Portfolio was conceived and based on teaching portfolios and evaluative documents at other colleges and universities and is also a direct result of collective bargaining negotiations. Findings – Interest in outcomes assessment and evaluation is increasing in the educational institutions where academic librarians work. One assessment strategy that has been developed for teaching faculty is the professional teaching portfolio. Librarians have not widely adopted this type of documentation for the purposes of tenure evaluation or work performance assessment. Practical implications – Portfolios such as this one can serve as a basis for collecting documentation and highlighting excellence in job performance at other academic libraries, whether or not librarians ...
Declarative specification and evaluation of database updates

An update specifies not only assumptions that are required for the current database, but also assertions that will hold in a new database. Queries are special cases of updates that contain assertions about only the current database. Inspired by connectives and quantifiers in queries, we develop an update calculus that extends relational calculus with assertions about a new database and a new connective, namely sequential composition. An update algebra is also presented that associates with each tuple in an update relation a transaction — a canonical form of updates. We show that update calculus and algebra are equivalent, and both support expressive set-based and nondeterministic updates. Finally, we introduce a formal notion of answers of updates with respect to a database, and develop a sound and complete algorithm for update evaluation.
Letter from the Editor: Why Teach?

Four years ago I was involved in a project on our campus to revise the promotion and tenure criteria for judging scholarship and teaching in our school of education. We had the usual differences of opinion on the scholarship of discovery, teaching, and application but since we were all faculty in a school of education we found common ground fairly easily compared to some of the discussions I have observed across campus. But when we moved to a discussion of the scholarship of integration we had trouble coming to a mutual definition and vision of how the scholarship of integration would be demonstrated in our field.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation affects root development of Acer and Magnolia species.

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on fine root development of four woody landscape plants were studied during the first year after transplant. Test species included two members of obligately mycorrhizal Magnoliaceae (Magnolia virginiana and Magnolia stellata) and two members of facultatively mycorrhizal Aceraceae (Acer × freemanii and Acer buergerianum). Field-grown, balled and burlapped plants were treated with a commercial inoculant containing Glomus spp. and Gigaspora spp. mycorrhizal fungi and transplanted to a piedmont field site. Root architecture and demographics were evaluated in situ using minirhizotrons. One year after transplant, AMF colonization levels had increased in three of the four species regardless of whether they had been intentionally inoculated. AMF-treated M. virginiana and A. buergerianum had significantly lower standing root crops (total root length visible on minirhizotrons) than control plants, and a similar trend was observed in Acer × freemanii. Inoculated M. virginiana roots exhibited reduced branching and shorter life spans, but were less likely to develop brown pigmentation. Species-specific effects of inoculation on root longevity and browning were also observed in the maples. AMF inoculation had no effect on above ground growth or foliar nutrient concentrations. Investment of photosynthate in the growth and maintenance of AMF may represent a more efficient nutrient acquisition strategy than root proliferation, leading to lower fine root production in heavily mycorrhizal plants.
Time-series novelty detection using one-class support vector machines

Time-series novelty detection, or anomaly detection, refers to the automatic identification of novel or abnormal events embedded in normal time-series points. Although it is a challenging topic in data mining, it has been acquiring increasing attention due to its huge potential for immediate applications. In this paper, a new algorithm for time-series novelty detection based on one-class support vector machines (SVMs) is proposed. The concepts of phase and projected phase spaces are first introduced, which allows us to convert a time-series into a set of vectors in the (projected) phase spaces. Then we interpret novel events in time-series as outliers of the "normal" distribution of the converted vectors in the (projected) phase spaces. One-class SVMs are employed as the outlier detectors. In order to obtain robust detection results, a technique to combine intermediate results at different phase spaces is also proposed. Experiments on both synthetic and measured data are presented to demonstrate the promising performance of the new algorithm.
Automated assessment of cognitive health using smart home technologies

BACKGROUND: The goal of this work is to develop intelligent systems to monitor the wellbeing of individuals in their home environments.OBJECTIVE: This paper introduces a machine learning-based method to automatically predict activity quality in smart homes and automatically assess cognitive health based on activity quality. METHODS: This paper describes an automated framework to extract set of features from smart home sensors data that reflects the activity performance or ability of an individual to complete an activity which can be input to machine learning algorithms. Output from learning algorithms including principal component analysis, support vector machine, and logistic regression algorithms are used to quantify activity quality for a complex set of smart home activities and predict cognitive health of participants. RESULTS: Smart home activity data was gathered from volunteer participants (n=263) who performed a complex set of activities in our smart home testbed. We compare our automated activity quality prediction and cognitive health prediction with direct observation scores and health assessment obtained from neuropsychologists. With all samples included, we obtained statistically significant correlation (r=0.54) between direct observation scores and predicted activity quality. Similarly, using a support vector machine classifier, we obtained reasonable classification accuracy (area under the ROC curve=0.80, g-mean=0.73) in classifying participants into two different cognitive classes, dementia and cognitive healthy. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that it is possible to automatically quantify the task quality of smart home activities and perform limited assessment of the cognitive health of individual if smart home activities are properly chosen and learning algorithms are appropriately trained.
Selenium deficiency alters the lipoxygenase pathway and mitogenic response in bovine lymphocytes

We investigated the effect of altered selenium (Se) nutrition on arachidonic acid oxidation in immune cells. Experiments were conducted with peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from dairy cattle fed diets either supplemented with or deficient in Se. The results indicate that the concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was significantly lower in Se-deficient cows. When stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187, the lymphocytes derived from Se-deficient cows produced significantly less 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) than those obtained from Se-supplemented cows. When included in cell cultures from animals fed +Se diets, 5-HETE and LTB4 elicited a partial reversal of the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by either hydrocortisone or nordihydroguaiaretic acid. Based on this information, we postulate that dietary Se status, which in turn determines tissue Se concentration, plays an important role in the regulation of arachidonate metabolism by way of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. This may be one of the biochemical mechanisms underlying the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and the decrease in resistance to infectious diseases observed in Se-deficient animals.
Comparison and evaluation of packing schemes for MPEG-2 over ATM using AAL5

Due to the technological advances in video/audio compression and networking, residential broadband services can be supported by carrying MPEG-2 streams over ATM networks as the ATM-to-the-home (ATTH) architecture. Two packing schemes, the 2/2 and 1/2 schemes, have been proposed to constitute AAL5-PDUs (protocol data units) from MPEG-2 transport packets at the ATM adaptation layer (AAL). In this paper, we compare the two packing schemes in several aspects including packing jitter introduced at the AAL and respective implementation costs. We suggest three possible modifications (enhancements) of the 2/2 scheme which eliminate packing delay and have relatively low cost and complexity versus the 1/2 scheme. We also examine the possible queueing jitter occuring at the ATM layer. It is shown that in the worst case the 1/2 scheme produces significant queueing jitter as compared to the packing jitter it saves in the AAL while no queueing jitter is caused by either the basic or modified (enhanced) 2/2 schemes.
Maximal Weight Divisors of Projective Reed-Muller Codes

Projective Reed-Muller (PRM) codes, as the name suggests, are the projective analogues of generalized Reed-Muller codes. The parameters are known, and small steps have been taken towards pinning down the codeword weights that occur in any PRM code. We determine, for any PRM code, the greatest common divisor of its codeword weights.
The mosquito microbiota influences vector competence for human pathogens

The midgut of insect vectors of human disease contains not only pathogens harmful to human health, but also a diverse microbiota. This microbiota can influence insects’ susceptibility to human pathogens, and the capacity to transmit them, through different mechanisms. Understanding the interaction between the vector, its microbiota and transmitted pathogens will provide novel opportunities to limit disease transmission.
The Era of Affluence and Its Discontents

The country music star Wynonna Judd amassed a fortune and squandered much of it, throwing money at her children out of guilt for missing hockey practices and buying more cars than she could ever drive. Having grown up poor in Appalachia, Ms. Judd said she found herself with ‘‘everything and nothing at all.’’ 1 Ms. Judd_s remark epitomizes the no-win situation in which many American families have found themselvesVvictims of the all-consuming afflictionVa condition known as affluenza. Affluenza is an apt metaphorical term suggesting an illness that occurs when people view the acquisition of material goods as a measure of their worth. Affluenza is considered a serious, chronic, societal problem, akin to an epidemic. Affluence is a relative term. Typically, society reserves the terms affluence or privileged for the top 1% of the population, earning a total net worth exceeding 1 million dollars. 2 However, it is rapidly becoming apparent that middle to upper income households, with high-achieving, hard working, and/ or two-income families are also experiencing the pains of affluenza, even without the seven-figure salaries. Providing for one_s family is part of the American dream, and indisputably, money represents opportunity and choice. Many affluent parents raise their children to benefit from these privileges, thus enabling them to grow up with a sense of confidence and to gain satisfaction from their relationships and accomplishments. However, when money and its pursuit become paramount, parental debt and overwork can result. Children_s motivation to learn and explore diminishes because of easy access to material things, overindulgence, and a sense of entitlement. Within some families, day-to-day problem solving becomes difficult, and psychological distress emerges. Given the social benefits of affluence, it is not surprising that many resources have been directed toward prevention and treatment services for disadvantaged youth. In fact, the research overwhelmingly supports the environmental, social, and behavioral challenges linked to underprivileged individuals and communities. However, the research is scarce regarding a newly identified high-risk group. As pointed out by Dr. Suniya Luthar, a professor of clinical and developmental psychology at Columbia University, children living in affluent families have shown an increase in problems such as substance abuse, anxiety, and depression. Luthar attributes these difficulties to two primary causes: the isolation from parents, both physical and emotional; and excessive pressure to achieve at academic and extracurricular pursuits. The obvious advantages of privilege obscure the fact that there is a possible threat to the psychological well-being of ‘‘pressured but neglected’’ children and adolescents. 3
Merchants and Marvels: Commerce, Science, and Art in Early Modern Europe. Edited by Pamela Smith and Paula Findlen. New York: Routledge, 2002. Pp. ix, 437. $27.95.

The Marxists had it right all along, they just got tripped up by their materialism. Early modern capitalism opened vast new worlds, particularly in the arts and sciences, only the traffic went both ways. Creative agents invented new markets and pushed commerce in directions that favored enterprises immensely cosmopolitan and innovative, often solely for the sake of beauty and display. Commerce offered a context but the nobility, and not an imagined bourgeoisie, had the edge when it came to exploiting the market for objets. Paintings could be traded for property, land, and houses. Princes could sponsor natural philosophers, and the fluidity in values meant that good investors, like good practitioners of the arts and sciences, took an interest in all aspects of learning. The interrelatedness of the representational arts and natural philosophy stands as one of the central themes in this tightly integrated collection of essays. We now have a vast historiography telling us that we should no longer teach early modern science without reference to the art of the time, and vice-versa. The point is beautifully illustrated by an exhibition recently held at the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles (spring 2002) on the art of Pieter Saenredam. Working in Utrecht in the 1630s, he used geometry to regularize and make precise the angles and corners found in the exquisite paintings he made of the city's churches. He knew as much about geometry as he did about chiaroscuro. At precisely the same moment, an hour or two away by barge, Descartes in Leiden put the final touches on his Discourse on Method (1637). In effect he explained to the world why precision and clarity of thought made possible the kind of beauty that Saenredam's paintings would come to embody.
Conformations of N-Acetyl-l-Prolinamide by Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy†

Femtosecond two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy has been applied to study the conformations of a model dipeptide, N-acetyl-l-prolinamide (AcProNH2) in deuterated chloroform (CDCl3). Spectral features in the amide-I and -II regions are obtained by rephasing (R), nonrephasing (NR), and reverse photon echo (RPE) pulse sequences with two polarization conditions. The 2D spectra obtained by the RPE and NR sequences with (0, 0, 0, 0) polarization reveal new spectral features associated with the multiple conformers of AcProNH2 that are difficult to discern using R sequence and linear-IR spectroscopy. The high resolving power of the RPE sequence comes from destructive interference between the positive and negative peaks of nearby vibrators, similar to the NR sequence. The RPE response functions that are useful for 2D spectral simulations are evaluated, including the effects of vibrational frequency correlations. The 2D spectra obtained with (45, −45, 90, 0) polarization exhibit clear cross-peak patterns ...
742-3 In Hospital and Long Outcome After a Third Coronary Bypass Procedure

Increasingly patients are returning for third and even fourth coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures. The in hospital and long term outcome of patients undergoing a third CABG were reviewed. The time from the first to second CABG was 5.2 ± 3.6 years and from the second to the third CABG 6.7 ± 4.2 years. There were 107 patients, age 60 ± 9 years, 91% were male. 33% had hypertension, 17% diabetes, 86% class III or IV angina and 6.4% congestive failure. 72% had 3 vessel disease. The in-hospital mortality was 9.3%, with 1.9% strokes, and 8.4% myocardial infarction. The 5 and 10 year survival were 0.79 and 0.57. The 5 and 10 year myocardial infarction free survival were 0.59 and 0.26. Patients undergoing a third CABG suffer from severe disease. Most were severely symptomatic, the majority had suffered a myocardial infarction and had 3 vessel disease. Download : Download high-res image (52KB) Download : Download full-size image While operative mortality in patients undergoing a third coronary bypass procedure was reasonable at 9.3%. continuing events over time limit long term prognosis.
Common and unique mechanisms regulate fibrosis in various fibroproliferative diseases

Fibroproliferative diseases, including the pulmonary fibroses, systemic sclerosis, liver cirrhosis, cardiovascular disease, progressive kidney disease, and macular degeneration, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and can affect all tissues and organ systems. Fibrotic tissue remodeling can also influence cancer metastasis and accelerate chronic graft rejection in transplant recipients. Nevertheless, despite its enormous impact on human health, there are currently no approved treatments that directly target the mechanism(s) of fibrosis. The primary goals of this Review series on fibrotic diseases are to discuss some of the major fibroproliferative diseases and to identify the common and unique mechanisms of fibrogenesis that might be exploited in the development of effective antifibrotic therapies.
Gonadal hormones in experimental Ascaridia galli infection in chickens

Abstract Repeated injections of α-estradiol benzoate in immature females, and of testosterone propionate in immature males at the times and doses used, seemed to enable chickens to eliminate Ascaridia galli worms at a greater rate than the untreated controls. No sex difference in number of worms harbored was observed between normal males and females within the limits of age studied. The increase in resistance in hosts that received homologous sex hormones was similar in males and in females. Measurements of worms recovered indicated that gonadal hormones or their products may possibly have an effect upon the growth of the parasites. Injections of α-estradiol benzoate seemed to cause a temporary retardation in the mean rate of growth of the worms, whereas injections of testosterone propionate seemed to cause a temporary acceleration.
Quantum clock synchronization: Multiparty protocol

We present a multiparty quantum clock synchronization protocol that utilizes shared prior entanglement and broadcast of classical information to synchronize spatially separated clocks. Notably, it is necessary only for any one party to publish classical information. Consequently, the efficacy of the method is independent of the relative location of the parties. The suggested protocol is robust and does not require precise sequencing of procedural steps.
Phosphorylation of Frizzled-3 *

Wnts are secreted proteins important to many biological processes. frizzled genes encode a family of Wnt receptors that signal to the intracellular compartment through the cytosolic protein Disheveled. Limited information is available concerning the regulation of Frizzleds at a biochemical level. We report here that Xenopus Frizzled-3 is phosphorylated in a Disheveled-dependent manner that appears to require the DEP domain of Disheveled. Phosphorylation of serine 576 causes a decrease in electrophoretic mobility and accounts for a significant fraction of receptor phosphorylation, although additional residues in the C-terminal tail are also phosphorylated. In addition, mutations that interfere with Frizzled-3 function also interfere with phosphorylation, but these inactive mutants can be phosphorylated when an active form of Frizzled-3 is co-expressed. Mutation of C-terminal serines including serine 576 significantly enhances Frizzled-3-mediated induction of neural crest markers, suggesting that C-terminal phosphorylation plays a role in down-regulating Frizzled signaling.
Relationship of Enhanced Sink Demand with Photosynthesis and Amount and Activity of Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in Soybean Leaves

Summary The presence of reproductive sinks is known to enhance the photosynthetic rate of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaves. Thinning the plant stand at early podding to 25 % of normal plant density increased pod set and pod (plus seed) growth rate per plant, thereby increasing sink size of the remaining plants. CO 2 -exchange rate (CER), the contents of soluble protein and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), as well as Rubisco activity, were determined for leaves of differing ontogeny. Leaf CER of plants with enhanced sink demand peaked at a higher level during the season, or the rates declined less rapidly during senescence than for control plants (normal density). CER was positively correlated with that of soluble protein and Rubisco content per unit leaf area. The percentage of protein that was Rubisco did not change in comparison with controls and, as the soluble protein increased after thinning, this led to an increased Rubisco activity per unit leaf area that was not due to increased Rubisco activity on a soluble protein basis. Thus, the greater sink demand increased CER or delayed its decline in soybean in parallel with the amount of Rubisco protein, not with the activity of the enzyme.
The influence of non-anonymity deriving from feedback of research results on marketing professionals' research ethics judgements

The study examines, in the context of Crawford's (1970) study items, the influence of non-anonymity deriving from feedback of research results on marketing professionals' research ethics judgements, particularly that of response patterns (social desirability of responses) and item omissions. The results indicate that such non-anonymity does not significantly influence the social desirability of responses or item omissions — thus suggesting the appropriateness of its use to stimulate research ethics responses.
Outcome in Pediatric Patients with a History of Fungal Disease Prior to Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant

Objective: The goal of this retrospective study was to analyze the incidence and outcome of invasive fungal disease in a large cohort of pediatric patients after allogeneic stem cell transplant at Stanford University from 2005-2012 treated with modern antifungal prophylaxis. In comparison with prior studies, this study is unique in including prophylaxis with voriconazole and dosing information on antifungal prophylaxis, as well as the prevalence of transaminitis in this population and relation to antifungal prophylaxis. Patients and Methods: Data was analyzed for 152 pediatric patients between the ages of 0-21 years who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation for any diagnosis at Stanford University between 2005 and 2012. Both related and unrelated donors were used, including bone marrow, cord blood, and peripheral blood stem cell sources. All patients received antifungal prophylaxis, although the specific medication used and dosing was at the discretion of the treating physician. Patients were categorized as having proven, probable, or possible fungal disease based on the EORTC/MSG classification. Rates of invasive fungal disease and level of transaminitis were analyzed by type of antifungal prophylaxis as well as dosing in milligrams per kilogram. Results: The overall mortality in this cohort was 29%. Of those, 57% of the deaths were due to relapse, 20% due to infectious complications (3 fungal, 3 sepsis, 2 viral, 1 toxoplasmosis), 16% due to organ failure, and 7% due to GVHD. Twenty five patients were diagnosed with fungal disease prior to transplant and these patients were excluded from this analysis. In the 127 patients with no prior history of fungal disease, 60% were on fluconazole prophylaxis, 32% were on voriconazole, 7% were on micafungin or caspofungin and 2% were on amphotericin. Nine of these patients subsequently developed proven or probable invasive fungal disease. Patients who developed invasive fungal disease had a significantly higher mortality rate (67%) compared with those who did not (25%). However, these two groups did not differ on type of antifungal prophylaxis, underlying diagnosis, donor source, product used or age. There was no difference in level of transaminitis based on type of antifungal prophylaxis (voriconazole vs. fluconazole) or dose used in milligrams per kilogram. Conclusions: In those patients who develop invasive fungal disease after transplant, mortality has decreased over time but remains substantial at 67%. This data did not support the use of one antifungal over another for prophylaxis of invasive fungal disease in pediatric patients. Voriconazole and fluconazole caused similar levels of transaminitis. 237
In circuit test (ICT): The king is dead; long live the king!

The objective of the panel is to have a good honest discussion from the board test industry experts about the future of ICT. The panel will consist of experts from various part of the industry and group them according to the following: 1. Board Test Managers/Experts from the Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM), Contract Manufacturing (CM) and Original Design Manufacturing (ODM) side who strongly believe that the current ICT system is insufficient to test the new generation of PCBA. 2. ICT Marketing Manager/experts from ICT supplier (Agilent/Teradyne/TRI) that believes that the current ICT system has enough capabilities and features to maintain test coverage and cost needs for new generation of PCBA. 3. Board test Managers/Expert at OEM/CM/ODM who are dependent on ICT system as their main board test manufacturing strategy and has invested substantial ICT equipment and infrastructure in their manufacturing.
Monte Carlo simulations for predicting the precision of results and for optimizing data acquisition schedules

Abstract Monte Carlo simulations can be used to determine the precision of an analytical method if the standard deviations of the component unit operations are estimated accurately. Alternative methods for estimating the standard deviation have been compared by evaluating the success of Monte Carlo simulations to predict the precision of a second-order rate constant determined by spectrophotometry and of an equivalent weight and acid dissociation constant determined by potentiometry. Monte Carlo simulation has also been used with simplex optimization to predict a data acquisition schedule which gives high precision in the equivalent weight determination. By comparison with a naive design, a 22-fold improvement was predicted. A 15-fold improvement was observed experimentally.
Preferential Syntheses of Semiconducting Vertically Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Direct Use in FETs

We have combined fast heating with plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for preferential growth of semiconducting vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (VA-SWNTs). Raman spectroscopic estimation indicated a high yield of up to 96% semiconducting SWNTs in the VA-SWNT array. The as-synthesized semiconducting SWNTs can be used directly for fabricating FET devices without the need for any postsynthesis purification or separation.
POS. A 1D time-dependent H+ ion source code

Abstract The code POS is based on the first three velocity moment's expansion of the transport equation, as derived in Braginskii's theory for two fully ionized fluids, H+ and e. The theory requires the solution of four (plasma density, drift velocity, electron and ion temperatures) coupled, time-dependent equations. These equations have been solved in one spatial dimension using the method of moving finite elements.
Joseph Schumpeter and John Kenneth Galbraith: two sides of the same coin?

Joseph Schumpeter and John Kenneth Galbraith were two of the most influential scholars of the previous century addressing the most fundamental questions confronting society—what is the nature of economy and how is it shaping society? At the heart of their work was a concern about the gap between what they perceived to be the standard models in economics and the evolution of the actual economy. In particular, this meant abandoning the standard models of neoclassical economics and instead focusing on what both perceived to be an evolution towards a more managed economy. The purpose of this paper is to explain the relationship between the works of Schumpeter and Galbraith. Perhaps one of the enduring lessons that bonded Schumpeter and Galbraith is their keen focus on how the economy was evolving over time, and with it, the institutional landscape, that carried with it huge implications for public policy.
A call to action: the compelling need to advance the role of urgency.

OAB has been described as a syndrome. A syndrome is the association of several clinically recognizable features, including symptoms (reported by the patient) and signs (observed by a physician), which classically occur together, so that the presence of one component should cue the physician to the presence of the others. OAB is an association of symptoms with urgency as the core or keystone of the syndrome—defined as ‘urgency, with or without urge(ncy) incontinence, usually with frequency and nocturia’. Consequently, by definition, all patients with OAB, whether with incontinence (OAB wet) or without (OAB dry) have (or should have) “urgency”. This is regardless of the inherent difficulties in arriving at a clear characterization (varying degrees of sensation, versus a sudden compelling onset) and thus a working terminology that fosters broad utilization. As noted by all authors in almost every paper, the definition of urgency needs to be refined, and the relationship of urgency to OAB requires clarification in those with detrusor overactivity without sensation, and those with urgency or pain without detrusor overactivity. The definition must be clear and accurately communicated between scientists, researchers, clinicians, and patients. The chasm between the molecular mechanisms of sensation and the patients’ understanding of a “compelling need to void” must be bridged with caution and supported by solid evidence and very practical considerations.
Saturated high-repetition-rate 18.9-nm tabletop laser in nickellike molybdenum.

We report saturated operation of an 18.9-nm laser at 5-Hz repetition rate. An amplification with a gain–length product GL of 15.5 is obtained in the 4d S10–4p P11 laser line of Ni-like Mo in plasmas heated at grazing incidence with ?1?J pulses of 8.1-ps duration from a tabletop laser system. Lasing is obtained over a broad range of time delays and pumping conditions. We also measure a GL of 13.5 in the 22.6-nm transition of the same ion. The results are of interest for numerous applications requiring high-repetition-rate lasers at wavelengths below 20 nm.
Feasibility Study of Two Cassini Reaction Wheel/Thruster Hybrid Controllers

As the first spacecraft to achieve orbit at Saturn in 2004, Cassini has collected science data throughout its four-year prime mission (2004–2008) and has since been approved for a first and second extended mission through September 2017. Cassini carries a set of four reaction wheels for attitude control when stable pointing of a science instrument is required. In 2002–2003, a prime reaction wheel exhibited signs of bearing-cage instability and was replaced by the backup wheel. To date, all Cassini wheels have accumulated >3.5 billion revolutions each. As such, in spite of careful management of the wheel rates by the operation team, there are observed symptoms of anomalous wheel-bearing drag torque. To prepare for the contingency scenario in which two reaction wheels had degraded, the feasibility of controlling Cassini using the two remaining wheels and four thrusters to meet the spacecraft pointing requirements is evaluated. Our results indicate that the hybrid controllers can achieve better attitude-cont...
Stable expression plasmid for high-level production of GroE molecular chaperones in large-scale cultures

A stable expression plasmid has been developed to overproduce the Escherichia coli GroES and GroEL molecular chaperones in large-scale cultures. This was achieved by cloning the groE operon under the transcriptional control of a bacteriophage T7 promoter to achieve regulated expression. Isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction of a lacUV5 regulated chromosomal copy of T7 gene 1, encoding viral RNA polymerase, resulted in high-level expression of the groE operon from a multicopy plasmid. Induced cells harboring the pT7groE expression plasmid accumulated GroEL to levels of 30% total cell protein, and GroES to 4-5%. Both overproduced proteins were recovered primarily from the soluble fraction of lysed cells. The T7 expression plasmid was significantly more stable than other groE expression plasmids tested during scale-up experiments, and could be used successfully for large-volume cultures of up to 200 l. Strain stability was greatly improved, compared to rich media, when cells were grown in a supplemented minimal medium.
2 Million Contract to Princeton University

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has awarded a $2 million contract to Princeton University to add nearly 19,000 square feet to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory on its Forrestal campus. Scheduled for completion August 15, 1980, the proposed annex will house a new computer, which will enable scientists with the laboratory to undertake an expanded program in modeling planetary and oceanic circulations. The facility also will augment research on convection and turbulence in the atmosphere, hurricane and climate dynamics, experimental prediction, observational studies, and middle-atmospheric dynamics and chemistry. Since 1968, Princeton University and NOAA have had a formal agreement to improve the effectiveness of research at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory by promoting close collaboration between the scientists and engineers associated with the two institutions and with visiting scientists.
Quenching of Tryptophan Fluorescence in Unfolded Cytochrome c:: A Biophysics Experiment for Physical Chemistry Students

Laboratory experiments that focus on protein folding provide excellent opportunities for undergraduate students to learn important topics in the expanding interdisciplinary field of biophysics. Here, we describe the use of Stern−Volmer plots to determine the extent of solvent accessibility of the single tryptophan residue (trp-59) in unfolded and partially unfolded states of the well-studied protein cytochrome c (cyt c). Comparison of quenching efficiencies for free tryptophan in solution and partially buried in cyt c highlights the persistence of residual structure in unfolded proteins and deepens students’ understanding of protein structures and dynamics. The experiment builds on our previous laboratory module that probed thermodynamics and structures of cyt c; collectively, these protein-folding experiments and related topics provide physical chemistry students with opportunities to explore a comprehensive set of spectroscopy and biophysics tools.