cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Capillary And Magnetic Forces For Microscale Self-Assembled Systems

Self-assembly is a promising technique to overcome fundamental limitations with integrating, packaging, and generally handling individual electronic-related components with characteristic lengths significantly smaller than 1 mm. Here we briefly summarize the use of capillary and magnetic forces to realize two example microscale systems. In the first example, we use capillary forces from a low melting point solder alloy to integrate 500 μm square, 100 μm thick silicon chips with thermally and chemically sensitive metal-polymer hinge actuators, for potential medical applications. The second example demonstrates a path towards self-assembling 3-D silicon circuits formed out of 280 μm sized building blocks, utilizing both capillary forces from a low melting point solder alloy and magnetic forces from integrated, permanent magnets. In the latter example, the utilization of magnetic forces combined with capillary forces improved the assembly yield to 7.8% over 0.1% achieved previously with capillary forces alone.
Effect of temperature on ionographic mobilities in paper stabilized media.

SummaryThe effect of temperature on velocity of electromigration through paper stabilized electrolytes, of a variety of substances, including bromphenol blue, bovine plasma albumin, human serum albumin and globulin fractions and human serum lipoproteins, was investigated. The ionographic apparatus employed utilized horizontal paper strips in a water saturated atmosphere. The runs were made at temperatures from 4°C to 25°C and under constant conditions of buffer, ionic strength, pH and potential gradient. For all substances studied, the relationship between the mobility and temperature can be represented by the equation:where T is ° Kelvin, B is a constant and m is the slope of the line obtained when the logarithm of the mobility is plotted against the reciprocal of the absolute temperature.
Computer simulations of gas diffusion in polystyrene-C60 fullerene nanocomposites using trajectory extending kinetic Monte Carlo method.

The effects of nanoparticles on the rates of gas diffusion through glassy polymers were studied by a combination of molecular dynamics and kinetic Monte Carlo techniques designed to overcome the computational limitations in obtaining long-time trajectories in the diffusive regime of gas molecules in glassy polymer systems. Using such a methodology, we studied the effect of fullerene nanoparticles upon the diffusivities of N2 and CO2 in a polystyrene matrix. The addition of nanoparticles was found to cause a lowering of the diffusion coefficients of both N2 and CO2. However, the magnitudes of this lowering and their volume fraction dependencies are seen to depend explicitly on the nature of the penetrant and temperature. We discuss the possible physical mechanisms underlying such behavior.
Intergenerational Mobility and Equality of Opportunity

Intergenerational mobility—the association between parents’ and adult children’s economic wellbeing—is an important sociological concept because it provides information about inequality of opportunity in society, and it has gained relevance in the recent past due to the increase economic inequality in most of the affluent world. This article provides an overview of the different measures of mobility used by sociologists and economists, as well as main empirical findings about mobility. I then move to topics that push mobility analysis beyond its bivariate focus: The association between intergenerational mobility and economic inequality, the mechanisms for mobility, and the validity of mobility as a measure of inequality of opportunity. I suggest that the association between mobility and inequality is likely spurious, driven by varying institutional arrangements across countries, and that mobility analysis is most useful when focused on describing the bivariate intergenerational association across countries and over time.
PWM-controlled DC-DC converter designs in 3D ICs using through-silicon-via inductors

There has been a tremendous research effort in recent years to move DC-DC converters on chip for enhanced performance. To reduce the large area overhead induced by conventional spiral inductors, existing literature has used through-silicon-vias (TSVs) inductors in basic DC-DC converters without feedback control. In this paper, we further study the possible application of TSV inductors in DC-DC converters with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)-controlled feedback. The DC-DC converter with TSV inductor is at par in terms of performance with other conventional designs in the literature. Experimental results show that by replacing conventional spiral inductors with TSV inductors, up to 4.3x inductor area reduction can be achieved with almost the same efficiency and output voltage for 45 nm buck converters.
Comparison of High-Protein, Intermittent Fasting Low-Calorie Diet and Heart Healthy Diet for Vascular Health of the Obese.

Aim: It has been debated whether different diets are more or less effective in long-term weight loss success and cardiovascular diseases among men and women. Thus, the present study evaluated the combined effects of a high-protein, intermittent-fasting, low-calorie diet plan compared with heart healthy diet plan during weight loss maintenance on blood lipids and vascular compliance of individuals with obesity. Methods: The experiment involved 40 adults with obesity (men, n = 21; women, n = 19) and was divided into two phases: (a) 12-week high-protein, intermittent-fasting, low-calorie weight loss diet comparing men and women (Phase 1) and (b) a 1-year (52-week) weight loss maintenance comparing high-protein, intermittent-fasting with a heart healthy diet (Phase 2). Body weight, body mass index, blood lipids, and arterial compliance outcomes were assessed at weeks 1 (baseline control), 12 (weight loss), and 64 (12+52 week; weight loss maintenance). Results: At the end of weight loss intervention, concomitant with reductions in body weight, body mass index, blood lipids, and arterial compliance was enhanced (p < 0.05). No sex-specific differences were observed. During phase 2, high-protein, intermittent-fasting, low-calorie group demonstrated less weight regain and percentage change in aortic pulse wave velocity than heart healthy group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that high-protein, intermittent-fasting and low-calorie diet is associated with body weight loss and reduction in blood lipids. This diet also demonstrated a potential advantage in minimizing weight gain relapse as well as enhancing arterial compliance compared to the heart healthy diet in the long term.
An assessment of safety culture while navigating work zones: Attitudes and behavior toward in-vehicle messaging technologies

A survey was administered to evaluate a variety of driver opinions, behaviors, and technology use in the context of work zones. Safety culture thematic inquiries, such as willingness to use a cell ...
Power, Truth, and Interpretation: The Hermeneutic Act and Kleist’s Die heilige Cäcilie

Die heilige Cacilie ist weder moralische noch asthetische Allegorie, die fur die Macht der Religion oder der Musik pladiert. Hauptthema der Geschichte ist die Macht und ihr Bezug zum Akt der Sinngebung und zur Wahrheit. Zunachst werden die Elemente von Macht und Konflikt in der Geschichte aufgedeckt und die Bilder des Schauens und des Schauspiels in ihrem Verhaltnis zum deutenden, sinn- und wahrheitssuchendcn Menschen aufgezeigt. Aus dieser Analyse ergibt sich, das Kleist die Wahrheit als relatives, ein durch die Machtverhaltnisse bedingtes Phanomen auffaste.
Sustainability planning as paradigm change

The theme of the next issue of Urban Planning will be Paradigm Shifts. To make the link between “sustainability” and “paradigm change,” the following commentary analyzes the former concept as a main example of the latter. Although it is often applied to rather modest planning initiatives, “sustainability” can be seen as requiring shifts in cognitive paradigm that are transformational, radical, and not yet fully appreciated by most of those who use the term. Specifically, this term implies a proactive, results-oriented approach (e.g. initiatives to actually meet GHG reduction targets), a long-term viewpoint (e.g. planning for 50 or 100+ years in the future), and a holistic or ecological mindset able to understand dynamic, evolving systems. This last change is the most difficult and requires thinking across scales of action, across time frames, across issue areas and goals (e.g. the “Three E’s” of environment, economy, and social equity), and across communities. It also means integrating different types of actions into a broader program of social change. Though challenging, these cognitive shifts can lead to radically different outcomes than past urban planning.
The CREST Simulation Development Process: Training the Next Generation

Abstract Background: The challenges of training and assessing endourologic skill have driven the development of new training systems. The Center for Research in Education and Simulation Technologies (CREST) has developed a team and a methodology to facilitate this development process. Methods: Backwards design principles were applied. A panel of experts first defined desired clinical and educational outcomes. Outcomes were subsequently linked to learning objectives. Gross task deconstruction was performed, and the primary domain was classified as primarily involving decision-making, psychomotor skill, or communication. A more detailed cognitive task analysis was performed to elicit and prioritize relevant anatomy/tissues, metrics, and errors. Reference anatomy was created using a digital anatomist and clinician working off of a clinical data set. Three dimensional printing can facilitate this process. When possible, synthetic or virtual tissue behavior and textures were recreated using data derived from h...
Real-Time, Cloud-Based Object Detection for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Real-time object detection is crucial for many applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) such asreconnaissance and surveillance, search-and-rescue, and infras-tructure inspection. In the last few years, Convolutional NeuralNetworks (CNNs) have emerged as a powerful class of modelsfor recognizing image content, and are widely considered inthe computer vision community to be the de facto standardapproach for most problems. However, object detection basedon CNNs is extremely computationally demanding, typicallyrequiring high-end Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) thatrequire too much power and weight, especially for a lightweightand low-cost drone. In this paper, we propose moving thecomputation to an off-board computing cloud, while keepinglow-level object detection and short-term navigation onboard. We apply Faster Regions with CNNs (R-CNNs), a state-of-the-art algorithm, to detect not one or two but hundreds of objecttypes in near real-time.
Secondary traumatic stress and licensed clinical social workers.

This study examines levels of secondary traumatic stress (STS), compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in social workers in the State of Montana. It also seeks to explain how specific organizational factors or peer support can potentially reduce the impact of these phenomena. A mixed methodology was utilized. Respondents (N = 256, response rate = 56%) completed 4 short measures: (a) the Social Work Demographics/Workplace Questionnaire, (b) the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS; Bride, Robinson, Yegidis, & Figley, 2004), (c) the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) (Stamm, 2010), and (d) an original peer support survey. A smaller sample (N = 15) of follow-up interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data. A theory-based approach guided the qualitative data analysis, for which ATLAS-Ti software was used. Findings indicate that social workers in the sample experience significant levels of STS (M = 33.63, SD = 11.30), with 40.9% (n = 105) meeting the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder, using the STSS (α = .92) as a proxy measure. ProQOL (α = .76) results confirm the presence of high levels of burnout and compassion fatigue on subscale scores, with t tests indicating that individuals performing case management reported lower levels than other groups. Age and time in current job were not found to be significant factors, whereas lower levels of job satisfaction and intent to look for other work were predictive of higher burnout and compassion fatigue scores. Qualitative data analysis revealed themes related to worker perceptions of factors that contributed to their levels of STS. Implications for policy and practice changes are offered.
Return of warm conditions in the southeastern Bering Sea: Phytoplankton - Fish.

In 2014, the Bering Sea shifted back to warmer ocean temperatures (+2 oC above average), bringing concern for the potential for a new warm stanza and broad biological and ecological cascading effects. In 2015 and 2016 dedicated surveys were executed to study the progression of ocean heating and ecosystem response. We describe ecosystem response to multiple, consecutive years of ocean warming and offer perspective on the broader impacts. Ecosystem changes observed include reduced spring phytoplankton biomass over the southeast Bering Sea shelf relative to the north, lower abundances of large-bodied crustacean zooplankton taxa, and degraded feeding and body condition of age-0 walleye pollock. This suggests poor ecosystem conditions for young pollock production and the risk of significant decline in the number of pollock available to the pollock fishery in 2–3 years. However, we also noted that high quality prey, large copepods and euphausiids, and lower temperatures in the north may have provided a refuge from poor conditions over the southern shelf, potentially buffering the impact of a sequential-year warm stanza on the Bering Sea pollock population. We offer the hypothesis that juvenile (age-0, age-1) pollock may buffer deleterious warm stanza effects by either utilizing high productivity waters associated with the strong, northerly Cold Pool, as a refuge from the warm, low production areas of the southern shelf, or by exploiting alternative prey over the southern shelf. We show that in 2015, the ocean waters influenced by spring sea ice (the Cold Pool) supported robust phytoplankton biomass (spring) comprised of centric diatom chains, a crustacean copepod community comprised of large-bodied taxa (spring, summer), and a large aggregation of midwater fishes, potentially young pollock. In this manner, the Cold Pool may have acted as a trophic refuge in that year. The few age-0 pollock occurring over the southeast shelf consumed high numbers of euphausiids which may have provided a high quality alternate prey. In 2016 a retracted Cold Pool precluded significant refuging in the north, though pollock foraging on available euphausiids over the southern shelf may have mitigated the effect of warm waters and reduced large availability of large copepods. This work presents the hypothesis that, in the short term, juvenile pollock can mitigate the drastic impacts of sustained warming. This short-term buffering, combined with recent observations (2017) of renewed sea ice presence over southeast Bering Sea shelf and a potential return to average or at least cooler ecosystem conditions, suggests that recent warm year stanza (2014–2016) effects to the pollock population and fishery may be mitigated.
My Hypertension Education and Reaching Target (MyHEART): Development and Dissemination of a Patient-Centered Website for Young Adults with Hypertension.

Background: Young adults (18 to 39 years old) with hypertension have the lowest rates of blood pressure control (defined as blood pressure less than 140/90 mmHg) compared to other adult age groups. Approximately 1 in 15 young adults have high blood pressure, increasing their risk of future heart attack, stroke, congestive heart failure, and/or chronic kidney disease. Many young adults reported having few resources to address their needs for health education on managing cardiovascular risk. Objective: The goal of our study was to develop and disseminate a website with evidence-based, clinical information and health behavior resources tailored to young adults with hypertension. Methods: In collaboration with young adults, health systems, and community stakeholders, the My Hypertension Education and Reaching Target (MyHEART) website was created. A toolkit was also developed for clinicians and healthcare systems to disseminate the website within their organizations. The dissemination plan was guided by the Dissemination Planning Tool of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Results: Google Analytics data were acquired for January 1, 2017 to June 29, 2017. The MyHEART website received 1090 visits with 2130 page views; 18.99% (207/1090) were returning visitors. The majority (55.96%, 610/1090) approached the website through organic searches, 34.95% (381/1090) accessed the MyHEART website directly, and 5.96% (65/1090) approached through referrals from other sites. There was a spike in site visits around times of increased efforts to disseminate the website. Conclusions: The successfully implemented MyHEART website and toolkit reflect collaborative input from community and healthcare stakeholders to provide evidence-based, portable hypertension education to a hard-to-reach population. The MyHEART website and toolkit can support healthcare providers’ education and counseling with young adults and organizations’ hypertension population health goals.
Defect Design of Two-Dimensional MoS2 Structures by Using a Graphene Layer and Potato Stamp Concept

We propose a novel method to create vacancy defects on MoS2 structures. The method is similar to a potato stamp process, which involves creating vacancy defects on a graphene layer and stamping to the MoS2 surface. On the basis of nudged elastic band and density functional theory calculations, we predict that sulfur atoms on the surface will diffuse into the vacancy sites of the graphene layer. Separation of the graphene layer will carry away diffused sulfur atoms, leaving the MoS2 surface with sulfur vacancy defects. We carried out molecular dynamics simulations with the ReaxFF reactive force field to test the potato stamp concept and then functionalized the MoS2 surface defects with epoxy molecules. We observed dissociation of epoxy molecules at the vacancy site, in which the exposed metal atoms had catalytic activity.
P—N Junction

Most semiconductor devices contain at least one junction between p-type and n-type material. P—n junction theory serves as the foundation of the physics of semiconductor devices. The basic theory of current—voltage characteristics of p—n junctions was established by Shockley (1949). This theory was then expanded by Sah et al. (1957) and Moll (1958).
Density-dependence of maximal expiratory flow rates before and after bronchodilators in patients with obstructive airways disease

1. Gas-density-dependence of maximal expiratory flow rates (V max ), defined as the ratio of V max while breathing helium/oxygen (80:20) to V max . while breathing air at the same lung volume, was examined in relation to other measurements of airways obstruction in patients with obstructive airways disease before and after administration of bronchodilators. 2. Seventeen patients showed a 45% or greater increase in specific conductance(sG aw ) after bronchodilator therapy (group A) and thirteen patients demonstrated a lesser response (group B). 3. Before the administration of bronchodilators, the degree of obstruction in the two groups was not different as measured by lung volumes, sG aw , forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and flow rates high in the vital capacity; yet the maximal mid-expiratory flow rate and the degree of density-dependence were significantly lower in group B. 4. After bronchodilators, both groups of patients showed significant improvements in sG aw flow rates and lung volumes. However, group A patients showed a significant increase in density-dependence whereas group B patients did not. 5. Increased density-dependence after bronchodilators in the group A patients was associated with an increase in the computed resistance of the upstream segment with air and a decrease in resistance with helium/oxygen. These changes could be explained by a more mouthward movement of equal pressure points, and therefore a further increase in the relative contribution of the larger density-dependent airways to limitation of flow. 6. The fact that density-dependence was not altered after bronchodilators in the group B patients suggests that the site of limitation of flow did not change appreciably. The shift in the pressure—flow curve for the upstream airways was such that the computed resistance of these airways fell. Thus it appears that the airways comprising the upstream segment were dilated.
Partial Amino Acid Sequence of Hemoglobin II from Lucina pectinata

The Puerto Rican clam Lucina pectinata, a bivalve mollusc, has three cytoplasmic Hbs associated with its gill: HbI, HbII and HbIII. The clam utilizes these three Hbs in symbiosis with intracellular chemoautotrophic bacteria (1). These bacteria reside in the gill of the clam where its requirement for O2 and hydrogen sulfide is provided by the clam via the Hbs (2)
Bacteriology and antibiotic sensitivity of chronic suppurative otitis media in a government hospital

Background: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a disease well known for its persistence and recurrence, inspite of giving treatment. The microbiology cultures show the growth of a lot of organisms, frequently multiple and these differ based on patient population, climate, and whether or not antibiotics have been recently used. Objectives: To identify the commonest causative organism of CSOM in a government hospital of northern India and identify the sensitivity to antibiotics so as to achieve early dry ear for surgical intervention. Methodology: This study was done, from March 2018 to September 2018 on 100 patients with complaints of ear discharge. Pus samples were collected from the discharging ears, subjected to culture and sensitivity and the organisms isolated were identified by morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Results: Most common organism causing CSOM in our study Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Most patients with Staphylococcus infection were sensitive to Vancomycin followed by Linezolid and Gentamycin whereas patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were sensitive to Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Early and effective intervention using appropriate topical as well as systemic antibiotics can decrease the chronicity of CSOM and prevent long term complications.
Who takes the cake in community and economic development? ‘Going along' with metaphor to problematize the collective impact of a place-based promise programme

Linguists understand metaphors to be shortcuts to an individual’s tacit knowledge about the world. As ethnographers and planners building a university-school partnership and seeking to understand r...
Editorial The IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems and the Evolution of the Field

Reports on the scope and mission of the CSS publication, IEEE Transactions on Control of Networked Systems.
Impact of earthquake disaster on schistosomiasis transmission and emergency prevention and control in Sichuan Province

Earthquake is a serious natural disaster. The earthquake that occurs in schistosomiasis-endemic areas not only causes direct human and economic losses, but also induces secondary disasters that greatly threaten public health safety in affected areas. This paper analyzed the impact of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and 2013 Lushan Earthquake on schistosomiasis transmission in Sichuan Province, and proposed emergency measures and assessment activitiesresponding to schistosomiasis following earthquake disasters. The experiences from schistosomiasis control after two earthquake disasters in Sichuan Province may provide insights into the emergency control in other regions or after other natural disasters.
News Routines in the TV Sports Department: Shifting Expectations and Technology in an Increasingly Digital Landscape:

The sports departments in local television news stations across the United States are transforming with the shifting contemporary trends implemented industry wide. Some departments are contracting,...
281-OR: Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosed between 16-30 Years in South Asian and White Individuals Is Phenotypically Similar

Aim: The incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing rapidly in young adults. Older south Asian people (SA) develop type 2 diabetes at leaner BMI compared to white and are less likely to be obese. We hypothesised that obesity may be a bigger driver of young-onset type 2 diabetes in SA people and studied the BMI difference in white and SA people with young adult-onset type 2 diabetes. Methods: Data from two UK cross-sectional cohorts were examined to identify adults diagnosed with any type of diabetes 600pmol/L and negativity to GAD-antibodies (YDX study) and GAD, IA-2 and ZnT8 antibodies (MY DIABETES study). We studied phenotypic differences between SA and white ethnicity. Results: Sixty white and 71 SA people with type 2 diabetes diagnosed Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes diagnosed between 16-30 years is associated significantly with the presence of obesity in both ethnicities. The similarity observed in glycaemia, lipid profiles and fasting C-peptide along with similar durations, suggest the degree of insulin resistance to be equal across ethnic groups. This young-onset south Asian phenotype may contrast older-onset cases where SA people are observed to be significantly leaner and more insulin resistant than white counterparts. Disclosure S. Misra: None. I.F. Godsland: None. N. Bhardwaj: None. N. Oliver: Advisory Panel; Self; Medtronic, Roche Diabetes Care, UNEEG. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Roche Diabetes Care. K.R. Owen: None. D.G. Johnston: None. Funding Diabetes Research & Wellness Foundation; European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes
Peripheral Artery Disease

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a term referring to obstruction of arterial flow to an end organ, the leg most often being the organ when this term is used. PAD most commonly refers to atherosclerotic disease, and atherosclerotic PAD is most common in those over 65 years of age as well as those with a history of diabetes or cigarette smoking. However, other diseases can obstruct lower extremity arterial flow including arteritis, embolism, fibromuscular dysplasia, and dissection and should be considered especially when the individual with PAD has no atherosclerotic risk factors.
The Territories of Science and Religion: by Peter Harrison, Chicago, IL, The University of Chicago Press, 2015, 300 pp., $26.00 (paperback), ISBN: 9780226478982

In The Territories of Science and Religion, Peter Harrison engages the alleged war between science and religion. However, unlike many of his contemporaries, Harrison does not champion one side over...
Feeder Load Balancing Using Phase Switching at the Load Connection Terminals

The increase in electrical energy usage in residential homes has caused concerns to the power industry mainly due to the adoption of electric vehicles (EV) and renewable energy sources. A concern for power quality is the unbalanced loading that these EVs and renewable energy sources will induce in feeders. Neighborhoods and house clusters typically connect to a single phase on a feeder. Unfortunately, there is little control on which neighborhoods or houses adopt EVs and renewable energy first. Additionally, the unpredictability of EV charging and renewable energy output raises concerns as there could be times of loading that cause unbalance current in the feeder. This paper describes a method to automatically balance the loading in real time by using mechanical switches controlled with an algorithm to swap single phase loads between the phases of a feeder resulting in a more balanced three phase load current as seen at the substation.
Understanding tolerance for an invasive species: An investigation of hunter acceptance capacity for wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in Texas.

Abstract Invasive species and their establishment in new areas have significant impacts on the ecological, economic, and social well-being of our planet. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one of the world's most formidable invasive species, particularly in the United States. They cause significant damage to agriculture and ecosystems, and can transmit diseases to livestock, wildlife, and people. There is an inherent social dimension to the issue of wild pigs due in part to the fact that people hunt them. Hunting contributes to both the control and spread of this species. The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine hunters' overall tolerance for wild pigs; and 2) identify what factors predict hunters' tolerance. Results obtained from a survey of Texas hunters in 2019 indicated that 83% of hunters had a low level of tolerance for wild pigs, with approximately 63% preferring to see the population reduced and 20% preferring to see the population completely removed. Fourteen percent preferred that wild pig numbers remain the same, and 2% preferred to see numbers increase. Results from regression analysis indicated that approximately 53% of the variance in tolerance for wild pigs was explained by motivations and preferences for hunting wild pigs, level of concern for wild pig damage, and overall attitudes toward wild pigs. Results of this research are useful in expanding current knowledge about human tolerance for wildlife, including those species that are non-native and invasive, and in identifying important factors affecting how hunters perceive and interact with wild pigs. Study findings are also helpful in informing the development of effective and socially acceptable management plans for wild pigs, as well as communication efforts aimed at influencing hunters' attitudes and behaviors in the wild pig management context.
Abstract P735: QPCR Panel Profiling Reveals MiRNAs That Modulate Microglial Activation in Aged Males Isolated After Stroke

Introduction: Social isolation (SI) after stroke is associated with increased ischemic injury and significantly delayed recovery due to exacerbation of microglial activation and immune mediated pro...
Mobile Test Suite Generation via Combinatorial Sequences

Mobile applications are event driven systems that are often driven primarily by user interactions through a GUI. The large event space for mobile applications poses challenges for testing. This work considers the architecture of modern mobile applications to generate test cases that systematically incorporate activities, elements, and events in different sequences for testing. In particular, this work optimizes the presence of different combinatorial-based element sequences of size t = 2 inside test suites. The test suites demonstrate increased exploration depth when compared to randomly generated tests, interacting with a wide range of elements and increase code coverage by 0.29–6.79%.
Immunoaffinity Capillary Electrophoresis in the Era of Proteoforms, Liquid Biopsy and Preventive Medicine: A Potential Impact in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Disease Progression

Over the years, multiple biomarkers have been used to aid in disease screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy. As of late, protein biomarkers are gaining strength in their role for early disease diagnosis and prognosis in part due to the advancements in identification and characterization of a distinct functional pool of proteins known as proteoforms. Proteoforms are defined as all of the different molecular forms of a protein derived from a single gene caused by genetic variations, alternative spliced RNA transcripts and post-translational modifications. Monitoring the structural changes of each proteoform of a particular protein is essential to elucidate the complex molecular mechanisms that guide the course of disease. Clinical proteomics therefore holds the potential to offer further insight into disease pathology, progression, and prevention. Nevertheless, more technologically advanced diagnostic methods are needed to improve the reliability and clinical applicability of proteomics in preventive medicine. In this manuscript, we review the use of immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis (IACE) as an emerging powerful diagnostic tool to isolate, separate, detect and characterize proteoform biomarkers obtained from liquid biopsy. IACE is an affinity capture-separation technology capable of isolating, concentrating and analyzing a wide range of biomarkers present in biological fluids. Isolation and concentration of target analytes is accomplished through binding to one or more biorecognition affinity ligands immobilized to a solid support, while separation and analysis are achieved by high-resolution capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to one or more detectors. IACE has the potential to generate rapid results with significant accuracy, leading to reliability and reproducibility in diagnosing and monitoring disease. Additionally, IACE has the capability of monitoring the efficacy of therapeutic agents by quantifying companion and complementary protein biomarkers. With advancements in telemedicine and artificial intelligence, the implementation of proteoform biomarker detection and analysis may significantly improve our capacity to identify medical conditions early and intervene in ways that improve health outcomes for individuals and populations.
Protecting the confidentiality of survey tabular data by adding noise to the underlying microdata: application to the commodity flow survey

The Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) produces data on the movement of goods in the United States. The data from the CFS are used by analysts for transportation modeling, planning and decision-making. Cell suppression has been used over the years to protect responding companies' values in CFS data. Data users, especially transportation modelers, would like to have access to data tables that do not have missing data due to suppression. To meet this need, we are testing the application of a noise protection method (Evans et al [3]) that involves adding noise to the underlying CFS microdata prior to tabulation to protect sensitive cells in CFS tables released to the public. Initial findings of this research have been positive. This paper describes detailed analyses that may be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the noise protection.
PESSOA: a tool for embedded controller synthesis

In this paper we present Pessoa, a tool for the synthesis of correct-by-design embedded control software Pessoa relies on recent results on approximate abstractions of control systems to reduce the synthesis of control software to the synthesis of reactive controllers for finite-state models We describe the capabilities of Pessoa and illustrate them through an example.
The Geographies of Alter‐Globalization

Like just about everything else in the world, there is a highly uneven geography to what is generally called “anti-globalization.” This concept emerged in the 1990s in the core capitalist societies – the United States and Europe especially – where it continues to be used to describe disparate acts of resistance to neoliberal economic policy. Yet the concept “anti-globalization” refers to nothing more than the negation of something opaque; like putting a minus sign in front of a zero, it doesn ’t mean anything. To speak of “anti-globalization” is to mistake complex political -economic processes for a simple thing. As a considerable number of scholars and activists have written, it is hard to think of anything more expressive of globalization in its positive sense – the linking of diverse social groups from around the world – than the so -called “anti-globalization” movement (Rupert 2000; Glassman 2002; Cavanagh and Mander 2004; Mertes 2004; Evans 2005; Kiely 2006; Wainwright 2007; Peet 2007; Fernandez 2008; Wainwright and Kim 2008; Routledge 2009; Pleyers 2010). Consider the thousands of people who came out in large numbers to protest against the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Hong Kong in December, 2005 (see Wainwright 2007). Although almost uniformly described as “anti-globalization protesters ” in the media, they claimed to be nothing of the sort. Their self -presentation – for all its inherent limits – was as working people, small farmers ( campesinos, peasants), immigrants, men and women, citizens, democrats, communists, anarchists, stewards of ecological processes, and so on; a motley crew, to be sure, but not fl ying the fl ag of anti -globalization; neither were they a “Noah’s ark of fl at -earth advocates, protectionist trade unions and yuppies looking for their 1960s fi x, ” to cite Thomas Friedman ’s (1999) description of the Seattle protests. The masses in Hong Kong were anti -WTO, certainly. But there were few yuppies amidst the multitude (I could be considered an exception here), which was almost entirely
Presidential Legislating in the Post-Cold War Era: A Critique of the Barr Opinion on Extraterritorial Arrests

Has the weighty decision to breach a treaty or to violate international law lost its significance today?
The Psychosocial Needs of Hawaiian Women Incarcerated for Drug-Related Crimes

Abstract The incarceration rate of women for non-violent drug-related offenses in Hawai'i is now outpacing that of men. While females of Native Hawaiian descent comprise less than 10% of the total State population, the ratio among incarcerated women is a disproportionate 40%. The pathways to drug abuse and related crimes are different for men and women. Discrimination and survival of what is often a lifetime of interpersonal violence are salient contributors to the behaviors leading to the imprisonment of women. There must be full consideration of these issues to reach proper understanding of the complexity of the unmet needs underlying the behaviors leading to arrest, and to resolve them. A needs assessment was conducted at a work-furlough program for women in Honolulu in order to better understand their self-identified psychosocial needs. This paper challenges social workers and policy makers to consider the distinct needs of this population, and to design and implement appropriate and adequate services...
The Boston keratoprosthesis 2014: a step in the evolution of artificial corneas

“Artificial corneas” have been attempted in severe corneal disease for at least 230 years, with largely disappointing results until recently. ‘The Boston Keratoprosthesis’ (B-Kpro) has been part of this history on and off for a half century. Developed from several previously known concepts, it was originally made of PMMA plastics in a collar button design (Type I), to be implanted into a corneal graft carrier and then transplanted to the patients’ cornea. (A Type II with an additional stem for lid penetration is occasionally used in end-stage dry eyes.) Management and device changes have over the years led to marked clinical improvements. Thus, postoperative infections have been drastically reduced by using low-dose prophylactic antibiotics. The corneal surface has been found to be well protected from evaporative damage by a soft contact lens or a conjunctional flap. Postoperative tissue melt around the device has been markedly reduced by improvement of nutrition from the aqueous (perforated back plates) and better anti-inflammatory strategies. Titanium alloys can be used for non-transparent parts to reduce inflammation and increase biointegration. Retroprosthesis membranes and retina complications have similarly been markedly reduced. However, post-operative glaucoma is still a stubborn problem that can cause long-term attrition of vision. Autoimmune diseases are particularly treacherous and B-KPros should not at present be used routinely. About 12,000 Boston Keratoprostheses have so far been distributed world-wide. Robust research is presently on-going to improve long-term safety, especially for the developing world.
The Deep Impact Network Experiment Operations Center Monitor and Control System

The Interplanetary Overlay Network (ION) software at JPL is an implementation of Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) which has been proposed as an interplanetary protocol to support space communication. The JPL Deep Impact Network (DINET) is a technology development experiment intended to increase the technical readiness of the JPL implemented ION suite. The DINET Experiment Operations Center (EOC) developed by JPL’s Protocol Technology Lab (PTL) was critical in accomplishing the experiment. EOC, containing all end nodes of simulated spaces and one administrative node, exercised publish and subscribe functions for payload data among all end nodes to verify the effectiveness of data exchange over ION protocol stacks. A Monitor and Control System was created and installed on the administrative node as a multi-tiered internet-based Web application to support the Deep Impact Network Experiment by allowing monitoring and analysis of the data delivery and statistics from ION. This Monitor and Control System includes the capability of receiving protocol status messages, classifying and storing status messages into a database from the ION simulation network, and providing web interfaces for viewing the live results in addition to interactive database queries.
Acute toxic and teratogenic effects of cyclic imides in rodents.

Four structurally different cyclic imides or related derivatives (o-(N-phthalimido)acetophenone (1), 2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione (2), N-(4-methylphenyl)diphenamide (3), and 4,6-dihydro-5H-dibenz[c,e]azepine (4) were examined for acute toxicity in mice at multiple doses, for long term toxicity at a single dose in rats, and for deleterious effects on fertility and pup development in rodents. No deleterious effects were observed when mice were administered agents at 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day for seven days. All other measured characteristics and values were normal for the four compounds. The principle effect of the compounds was to reduce the percent pregnancies in treated mice compared to the controls. Compound 2 afforded the greatest reduction of pregnancy (54%) at 100 mg/kg/day. Compounds 3 and 4 caused a minor reduction in pregnancy (12-20%). The compounds did not appear to cause measureable teratogenic effects; pups of treated rodents thrived and survived as well as controls. There were no effects on murine male fertility when compounds were administered at 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day for six weeks. Akute Toxizitat und teratogene Wirkung cyclischer Imide bei Nagetieren Vier cyclische Imide verschiedener Struktur bzw. verwandte Verbindungen (o-N-Phthalimido)acetophenon (1), 2,3-Dihydrophthalazin-l,4-dion (2), N-(4-Methylphenyl)diphenamid (3) und 4,6-Dihydro-5H-dibenz-[c,e]azepin (4) wurden bei Mausen auf akute Toxizitat nach Vielfachdosierung, bei Ratten auf Langzeittoxizitat nach Einzelgabe und auf schadigende Wirkung bezuglich Fertilitat und Entwicklung der Jungen bei Nagetieren gepruft. Bei Mausen wurden keine schadigenden Wirkungen beobachtet, wenn die o.a. Verbindungen sieben Tage in Dosen von 20, 50 und 100 mg/kg/Tag gegeben wurden. Alle untersuchten Charakteristika und Werte waren fur die genannten vier Verbindungen normal. Im Wesentlichen verringerten die Verbindungen den Prozentsatz an Trachtigkeiten bei den behandelten Mausen im Vergleich zu Kontrollen. Verbindung 2 (100 mg/kg/Tag) hatte den diesbezuglich starksten Effekt (54%), 3 und 4 verminderten die Zahl der Trachtigkeiten nur um 12-20%. Die Verbindungen scheinen keine beobachtbare Teratogenitat zu besitzen: die Jungen behandelter Nagetiere gediehen und uberlebten so gut wie die Kontrollen. Die Zeugungsfahigkeit mannlicher Mause wurde nicht beeintrachtigt, wenn die o.a. Verbindungen sechs Wochen in Dosen von 20, 50 und 100 mg/kg/Tag gegeben wurden.
Systematic review of intervention research with adolescents with autism spectrum disorders

Abstract A growing body of research provides effective interventions to address the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, adolescents with ASDs may face age-specific challenges necessitating the need for contextually relevant and effective interventions. This systematic review examined peer-reviewed intervention research for adolescents (ages 12–21) with ASD. Electronic database searches and ancestral searches were used to identify studies published between 1980 and 2011. 102 studies were identified. A variety of interventions were implemented in these studies to address a wide range of targeted skills and behaviors. Reviewed studies were categorized into seven domains based on the skills and behaviors targeted: (a) social skills; (b) communication skills; (c) challenging behavior; (d) academic skills; (e) vocational skills; (f) independence and self-care; and (g) physical development. Results indicate that effective interventions exist in each category. These results are discussed in relation to participant characteristics, intervention effectiveness, social validity, generalization and maintenance. Generalization, maintenance, and social validity data were gathered in only 34%, 43%, and 31% of the articles, respectively. Additionally, few studies investigated interventions addressing communication, vocational or academic skills. Recommendations for future research are provided.
Theoretical perspectives on marketing ethics with implications for managing the global sales force

The literature reflects remarkably little effort to develop a framework for understanding salesperson ethical behaviour in the global context. The authors synthesize extant knowledge on the subject and provide a foundation for future research by constructing an integrating framework based on ethical theory. Managerial implications of this research are discussed.
Clozapine for the treatment of adolescents with schizophrenia.

Abstract Despite recent reports that clozapine is useful for the treatment of chronic schizophrenics resistent to neuroleptics, no studies have been reported in adolescents with schizophrenia. Despite the risk of potentially fatal agranulocytosis, clozapine's use in adolescents may become important because of its lack of extrapyramidal side effects or association with tardive dyskinesia, and reports that suggest that schizophrenic adolescents resemble chronic adult schizophrenics. The authors report three successful trials of clozapine in adolescents with schizophrenia who did not respond to conventional neuroleptic treatment. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1992, 31, 1:160–164.
Real-Time and Offline Performance of Pattern Recognition Myoelectric Control Using a Generic Electrode Grid With Targeted Muscle Reinnervation Patients

Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a surgical technique that creates myoelectric prosthesis control sites for high-level amputees. The electromyographic (EMG) signal patterns provided by the reinnervated muscles are well-suited for pattern recognition control. Pattern recognition allows for control of a greater number of degrees of freedom (DOF) than the conventional, EMG amplitude-based approach. Previous pattern recognition studies have shown benefit in placing electrodes directly over the reinnervated muscles. Localizing the optimal TMR locations is inconvenient and time consuming. In this contribution, we demonstrate that a clinically practical grid arrangement of electrodes yields real-time control performance that is equivalent to, or better than, the site-specific electrode placement for simultaneous control of multiple DOFs using pattern recognition. Additional findings indicate that grid-like electrode arrangement yields significantly lower classification errors for classifiers with a large number of movement classes (>9). These findings suggest that a grid electrode arrangement can be effectively used to control a multi-DOF upper limb prosthesis while reducing the time and effort associated with fitting the prosthesis due to clinical localization of control sites on amputee patients.