cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle physical activity in persons with multiple sclerosis: the new kid on the MS block

Supervised exercise training has substantial benefits for persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), yet 80% of those with MS do not meet recommended levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). This same problem persisted for decades in the general population of adults and prompted a paradigm shift away from "exercise training for fitness" toward "physical activity for health." The paradigm shift reflects a public health approach of promoting lifestyle physical activity through behavioral interventions that teach people the skills, techniques, and strategies based on established theories for modifying and self-regulating health behaviors. This paper describes: (a) the definitions of and difference between structured exercise training and lifestyle physical activity; (b) the importance and potential impact of the paradigm shift; (c) consequences of lifestyle physical activity in MS; and (d) behavioral interventions for changing lifestyle physical activity in MS. The paper introduces the "new kid on the MS block" with the hope that lifestyle physical activity might become an accepted partner alongside exercise training for inclusion in comprehensive MS care.
Effects of short-term growth hormone treatment on liver and muscle transcriptomes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Although studies have established that exogenous growth hormone (GH) treatment stimulates growth in fish, its effects on target tissue gene expression are not well characterized. We assessed the effects of Posilac (Monsanto, St. Louis, MO), a recombinant bovine GH, on tissue transcript levels in rainbow trout selected from two high-growth rate and two low-growth rate families. Transcript abundance was measured in liver and muscle with the Genome Research in Atlantic Salmon Project (GRASP) 16K cDNA microarray. A selection of the genes identified as altered by the microarray and transcripts for insulin-like growth factors, growth hormone receptors (GHRs), and myostatins were measured by real-time PCR in the liver, muscle, brain, kidney, intestine, stomach, gill, and heart. In general, transcripts identified as differentially regulated in the muscle on the microarray showed similar directional changes of expression in the other nonhepatic tissues. A total of 114 and 66 transcripts were identified by microarray as differentially expressed with GH treatment across growth rate for muscle and liver, respectively. The largest proportion of these transcripts represented novel transcripts, followed by immune and metabolism-related genes. We have identified a number of genes related to lipid metabolism, supporting a modulation in lipid metabolism following GH treatment. Most notable among the growth-axis genes measured by real-time PCR were increases in GHR1 and -2 transcripts in liver and muscle. Our results indicate that short-term GH treatment activates the immune system, shifts the metabolic sectors, and modulates growth-regulating genes.
Model-based equipment diagnosis

A versatile methodology is described in which equipment models have been incorporated into a single process diagnostic system for the PECVD of silicon nitride. The diagnosis system has been developed and tested with data collected using an Applied Materials Precision 5000 single wafer reactor. The parametric equipment diagnosis system provides the basis for optimal control of multiple process responses by the classification of potential sources of equipment faults without the assistance of in-situ sensor data. The basis for the diagnosis system is the use of tuned empirical equipment models which have been developed using a physically-based experimental design. Nine individual site-specific models were used to provide an effective method of modeling the spatially-dependent process variations across the wafer with better sensitivity than mean-based models. The diagnostic system has been tested using data that was produced by adjusting the actual equipment controls to artificially simulate a variety of possible subtle equipment drifts and shifts. Statistical algorithms have been implemented which detect equipment drift, shift and variance stability faults using the difference between the predicted process responses to the off-line measured process responses. Fault classification algorithms have been developed to classify the most likely causes for the process drifts and shifts using a pattern recognition system based upon flexible discriminant analysis.
The impact of US commodity programmes on hedging in the presence of crop insurance

An expected utility maximisation model assesses risk management strategies for US non-irrigated crop producers under provisions of the 2002 Farm Bill. Results suggest that farm programme payments account for the primary value of all risk management portfolios analysed. Hedging is not used extensively unless counter cyclical payments and loan deficiency payment provisions are removed from government programmes, or expected market prices are high relative to the government target price. Under the current premium subsidy regime, optimum risk management portfolios consistently include revenue insurance with price replacement if available for the crop, followed by yield insurance. Hedging with futures plays a significant role only if the futures transaction cost is eliminated. A small diversification impact is observed. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
Whole Body Vibration Training is Osteogenic at the Spine in College-Age Men and Women

Osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass which is currently challenging the American health care system. Maximizing peak bone mass early in life is a cost-effective method for preventing osteoporosis. Whole body vibration (WBV) is a novel exercise method with the potential to increase bone mass, therefore optimizing peak bone and decreasing the risk for osteoporotic fracture. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate changes in bone mineral density at the hip, spine, and whole body in college-age men and women who underwent a WBV training protocol. Active men (n=6) and women (n=4), ages 18-22 participated in the WBV training; while an additional 14 volunteers (1 male, 13 female) served as controls. All participants completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires to assess health history, physical activity, dietary intake, and menstrual history. The WBV training program, using a Vibraflex 550, incorporated squats, stiff-leg dead lifts, stationary lunges, push-up holds, bent-over rows, and jumps performed on the platform, and occurred 3 times a week, for 12 weeks. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Hologic Explorer, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to assess bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm 2 ). A two-tailed, t-test identified significantly different changes in BMD between the WBV and control groups at the lateral spine (average change of 0.022 vs. -0.015 g/cm2). The WBV group experienced a 2.7% and 1.0% increase in BMD in the lateral spine and posterior-anterior spine while the control group decreased 1.9% and 0.9%, respectively. Results indicate that 12 weeks of WBV training was osteogenic at the spine in college-age men and women.
Use of the nitrate electrode for determination of nitrates in soils

Abstract A procedure for the rapid and accurate determination of water‐extractable soil nitrates is described. Use of this procedure resulted in quantitative recovery of nitrates added to soil. Reproducibility of results was high, with nitrate‐nitrogen in 40 soil samples determined on successive days differing by a maximum of 4 ppm with 33 determinations differing by 2 ppm or less. Comparison with a phenoldisulfonic acid method on 513 soil samples had a maximum difference of 7 ppm with a majority of determinations having a difference of 4 ppm or less.
Technology mapping for FPGAs with nonuniform pin delays and fast interconnections

In this paper we study the technology mapping problem for FPGAs with nonuniform pin delays and fast interconnections. We develop the PinMap algorithm to compute the delay optimal mapping solution for FPGAs with nonuniform pin delays in polynomial time based on the efficient cut enumeration. Compared with FlowMap without considering the nonuniform pin delays, PinMap is able to reduce the circuit delay by 15% without any area penalty. For mapping with fast interconnections, we present two algorithms, an iterative refinement based algorithm, named ChainMap, and a Boolean matching based algorithm, named HeteroBM, which combines Boolean matching techniques and a heterogeneous technology mapping mechanism. It is shown that both ChainMap and HeteroBM are able to significantly reduce the circuit delay by making efficient use of the FPGA fast interconnections resources.
UMA VIAGEM POR IBIAMORÉ, O TREM FANTASMA

This text invites the reader to set off on a journey throughIbiamore, o trem fantasma, a novel by Roberto B. Martins. This trajectorydoes not aim at the finish line, at exhausting the novel, but at taking one,among the many possible ways along the novel, which I hope will opendoors to many journeys to come. Nevertheless, in order to accomplish thistravel, it is necessary that we stop at some stations and speak of some ofthe many passengers of this train that all of us will once take: the train ofthe night or the train of death.
A Rotifer-Based Technique to Rear Zebrafish Larvae in Small Academic Settings

Abstract Raising zebrafish from larvae to juveniles can be laborious, requiring frequent water exchanges and continuous culturing of live feed. This task becomes even more difficult for small institutions that do not have access to the necessary funding, equipment, or personnel to maintain large-scale systems usually employed in zebrafish husbandry. To open this opportunity to smaller institutions, a cost-efficient protocol was developed to culture Nannochloropsis to feed the halophilic, planktonic rotifer Brachionus plicatilis; the rotifers were then used to raise larval zebrafish to juveniles. By using these methods, small institutions can easily raise zebrafish embryos in a cost-efficient manner without the need to establish an extensive fish-raising facility. In addition, culturing rotifers provides a micrometazoan that serves as a model organism for teaching and undergraduate research studies for a variety of topics, including aging, toxicology, and predator–prey dynamics.
Multi-objective optimal operation of smart reconfigurable distribution grids

Reconfiguration is a valuable technique that can support the distribution grid from different aspects such as operation cost and loss reduction, reliability improvement, and voltage stability enhancement. An intelligent and efficient optimization framework, however, is required to reach the desired efficiency through the reconfiguration strategy. This paper proposes a new multi-objective optimization model to make use of the reconfiguration strategy for minimizing the power losses, improving the voltage profile, and enhancing the load balance in distribution grids. The proposed model employs the min-max fuzzy approach to find the most satisfying solution from a set of nondominated solutions in the problem space. Due to the high complexity and the discrete nature of the proposed model, a new optimization method based on harmony search (HS) algorithm is further proposed. Moreover, a new modification method is suggested to increase the harmony memory diversity in the improvisation stage and increase the convergence ability of the algorithm. The feasibility and satisfying performance of the proposed model are examined on the IEEE 32-bus distribution system.
Rapid demonstration of A2 hemoglobin by means of agar gel electrophoresis.

Since the discovery of an electrophoretically separable minor component of hemoglobin A by starch electrophoresis, the demonstration of this component (A2) has gained increasing importance in the clinical diagnosis and genetic analysis of the thalassemia syndromes in which A2 has been found to be increased.Goldberg has recently recommended the use of starch gel for the visualization of this component 6 and has emphasized that even paper is suitable as the electrophoretic medium provided a discontinuous buffer system (EDTAtris-borate buffer on the paper, Barbital buffer in the buffer vessels) is used. Agar gel has been demonstrated to be a superior medium for protein electrophoresis because of its lack of interference with the electrophoretic forces. It has been adopted by several investigators 10, 12,13 to hemoglobin electrophoresis. Robinson and his coworkers suggested that this method might be suitable for the demonstration of A2 hemoglobin, whereas Harder and Conley observed that hemoglobin A2 could not be separated from hemoglobin A in their citrate buffered medium. Zak and associates have emphasized the speed with which the main components of hemoglobin can be separated in agar gel if a buffer of low ionic strength is used in the agar. Giri and his associates
The Skewness Premium and the Asymmetric Volatility Puzzle

This paper uses a general equilibrium model to study the source and reward of asymmetric volatility or skewness of market returns in an exchange economy. In particular, the dividend growth rate is modeled as a stochastic volatility process and the representative agent is characterized by Epstein-Zin preferences. The equilibrium equity premium, risk-free rate, and asymmetric volatility (measured by the negative correlation between the market return and its volatility) are derived endogenously. It is shown that the equity premium has three components: the first two components parallel those in the Intertemporal CAPM, while the last one is 'new'. It reflects the part of excess returns required by investors to take on the asymmetric volatility or negative skewness risk. The paper then uses the Efficient Method of Moments to estimate the stochastic volatility model of the dividend growth rate and uses the estimated process to study the equity premium, the skewness premium, the risk-free rate, and asymmetric volatility under various values of the risk aversion coefficient and elasticity of intertemporal substitution. It is shown that the skewness premium can be as high as 1.2% annually in real terms. However, under conventional levels of risk aversion and elasticity of intertemporal substitution, the asymmetric volatility generated by the model is much smaller than that observed in the data and hence results in the asymmetric volatility 'puzzle'.
Malignant biliary obstruction: From palliation to treatment

Malignant obstruction of the bile duct from cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, or other tumors is a common problem which may cause debilitating symptoms and increase the risk of subsequent surgery. The optimal treatment - including the decision whether to treat prior to resection - depends on the type of malignancy, as well as the stage of disease. Preoperative biliary drainage is generally discouraged due to the risk of infectious complications, though some situations may benefit. Patients who require neoadjuvant therapy will require decompression for the prolonged period until attempted surgical cure. For pancreatic cancer patients, self-expanding metallic stents are superior to plastic stents for achieving lasting decompression without stent occlusion. For cholangiocarcinoma patients, treatment with percutaneous methods or nasobiliary drainage may be superior to endoscopic stent placement, with less risk of infectious complications or failure. For patients of either malignancy who have advanced disease with palliative goals only, the choice of stent for endoscopic decompression depends on estimated survival, with plastic stents favored for survival of < 4 mo. New endoscopic techniques may actually extend stent patency and patient survival for these patients by achieving local control of the obstructing tumor. Both photodynamic therapy and radiofrequency ablation may play a role in extending survival of patients with malignant biliary obstruction.
Schistosomiasis: Health Effects on Women

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection endemic in 74 resource-poor nations that affects approximately 200 million people. Schistosomes are water-borne flatworms or blood flukes that enter the human body through the skin. Some symptoms of schistosomiasis include fever, arthralgias, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and hematuria. Ultimately, patients develop heptosplenomegaly, ascites, and lymphadenopathy. Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease, and its global health impact is grossly underestimated. Women suffer considerably from female genital schistosomiasis that causes infertility, preterm labor, anemia, menstrual disorders, and dyspareunia. More effort is needed to prevent schistosomiasis. Treating pregnant and lactating women decreases the disease burden and improves maternal and fetal outcome.
To Measure or not to Measure? That Too Is a Question

For the physician, there is not only a question as to what to measure and why, but equally important is the question of whether to measure or not.
Embryoid Bodies and Neuroepithelial Development

Publisher Summary Unlocking the ability of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to differentiate to specific neural subtype cells will open a new and dynamic model system for studying the human nervous system. An efficient in vitroneural differentiation of hESCs will allow investigation of the otherwise inaccessible early phases of embryonic neural development. In addition, it will provide a source of cells for a wide spectrum of molecular and cellular neuroscience research questions ranging from ion channel properties to axon path- finding behaviors. Generation and/or enrichment of stage-specific neural cells, such as multipotential neuroepithelial cells, lineage committed neural progenitors, and post-mitotic neuronal and glial subtypes will serve as an invaluable tool for pharmaceutical screening and cell therapy. The protocol was designed based on the timeline of human neural plate/tube formation at three weeks of human embryo gestation and human understanding of animal neuroepithelial induction in response to fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. The protocol in this chapter presents a simplified and optimized version of a previous report.
Fire-induced albedo change and surface radiative forcing in Sub-Saharan Africa savanna ecosystems: implications for the energy balance

Surface albedo is a critical parameter that controls surface energy balance. In dryland ecosystems, fires play a significant role in decreasing surface albedo, resulting in positive radiative forcing. Here, we investigate the long-term effect of fire on surface albedo. We devised a method to calculate short, medium, and long-term effect of fire-induced radiative forcing and their relative effects on energy balance. We used MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradimeter data in our analysis, covering different vegetation classes in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Our analysis indicated that mean short-term fire-induced albedo change in SSA was -0.022, -0.035 and -0.041 for savannas, shrubland and grasslands, respectively. At regional scale, mean fire-induced albedo change in savannas was -0.018 and -0.024 for Northern Sub-Saharan Africa (NSSA) and Southern Hemisphere Africa (SHA), respectively. The short-term mean fire-induced radiative forcing in burned areas in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was 5.41 W m-2, which contributed continental and global radiative forcing of 0.25 and 0.058 W m-2, respectively. The impact of fire in surface albedo has long-lasting effects that varies with vegetation type. The long-term energetic effects of fire-induced albedo change and associated radiative forcing were, on average, more than 19 times greater across SSA than the short-term effects, suggesting that fires exerted far more radiative forcing than previously thought. Taking into account the actual duration of fire's effect on surface albedo, we conclude that the contribution of SSA fires, globally and throughout the year, is ~0.12 W m-2. These findings provide crucial information on possible impact of fire on regional climate variability.
Size dependence of gaseous cluster reactivity as a mechanistic probe

The determination of the mechanisms of chemical and physical changes is one of the principal occupations of many chemists today. To accomplish this, the dependence of the change being examined on a number of intensive variables such as temperature, pressure, concentration of reactants as well as the pH is usually studied. In this account, we summarize our recent studies on the reactivity and dynamics of niobium gaseous clusters in which their changes with size are used as a new degree of freedom that assists in deducing the mechanism of the change studied.
Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Has the Paradigm Changed?

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been conventional treatment of newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer for more than 70 years. However, all patients eventually become castration-resistant and a significant proportion of life span is spent in the castration-resistant state. Prospective randomized control trials have incorporated early chemotherapy along with ADT based on the hypothesis that a significant level of resistance to ADT already exists in newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer and ADT exhibits synergistic antitumor activity with taxanes. We discuss the changing landscape of management of patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer based on recently published landmark randomized trials.
Metasurface-Based Photonic Devices

I will describe the effort of my research lab in creating flat optical devices that show record-breaking performance and new functionalities. These include small footprint integrated photonic devices, broadband achromatic flat lenses, flat optical modulators, and biomimetic radiative cooling coatings.
3D printable optomechanical cage system with enclosure

Abstract The advent of the computer-age in the mid to late 20th century brought the development of sophisticated scientific equipment for myriad chemical analyses. The field of spectroscopy alone has seen significant advances in data collection, processing, and analysis due principally to the incorporation of microprocessors. While it is clear computers have revolutionized the field of instrumental chemical analysis their impact is pervasive through every segment of our lives. From word processing, data management, and Computer Aided Design in our work environments to social media, crowd funding, and digital news at home, technology is everywhere. This work seeks to incorporate the relatively new field of 3D printing into the design and “at-home” manufacture of optomechanical equipment for open-space spectroscopy. The primary goals were the design of an optical cage system, with associated accessories, that is printable on any entry-level commercially available 3D printer. All components except the optics, light source, camera, breadboard, and integrated fluorescence accessory mount were either parametrically designed and printed or purchasable at a local hardware store. The components were assembled into a Michelson interferometer and a liquid sample accessory for Raman spectroscopy. Results of both configurations are discussed along with full cost analysis.
The effect of class session length on student performance, homework, and instructor evaluations in an introductory accounting course

The author examines the effect of class format on student performance, time spent on homework, and instructor evaluations. The findings are unique and add to a limited body of literature. Each grou...
Soviet Sociopolitical Mobilizations

Describing various forms of participation and their motivations, I argue that even against a backdrop of reported mass passivity, absenteeism, and control of the public sphere, with its ritualized speeches and enthusiasm, there was a certain body of autonomous expression during the campaign. Despite forced, involuntary participation, numerous nonconformist statements at the heavily controlled meetings condemned shortages and kolkhozes. The large corpus of individual reactions (such as diaries and letters), plus the facts of spontaneous gatherings of citizens to discuss the constitution—all demonstrated voluntary political engagement.
Mohs micrographic surgery volume and payment patterns among dermatologists in the Medicare population, 2013.

e21078Background: Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MSS) has expanded markedly in recent years but there is limited information on volume, practice patterns, compensation or comparative effectiveness data...
Assessing the Impact of Non-state Security, Victimization, and Insecurity on Social Capital and Collective Action in South Africa

This chapter is the second empirical chapter. This chapter tests the influence of non-state security, victimization, and insecurity on joining and collective action in South Africa. While all three security factors play some role in shaping popular participation, the impact of these variables differs according to the type of participation under consideration.
QLab 4: Projects in Video, Audio, and Lighting Control

Used from Broadway to Britain's West End, QLab software is the tool of choice for many of the world's most prominent sound, projection, and integrated media designers. QLab 4: Projects in Video, Audio, and Lighting Control is a project-based book on QLab software covering sound, video, lighting, and show control. With information on audio, video, and lighting system basics and the more advanced functions of QLab such as show control, network capabilities, projection mapping, video effects, and cue cart integration, each chapter's specific projects will allow you to learn the software's capabilities at your own pace. In addition to the text, a companion website hosts project files, instructional videos, and more.
BRCA1 promoter methylation in breast cancer cell lines and primary tumors

1043 Using primary tumors and the breast cancer cell line UACC3199, we have demonstrated that inactivation of BRCA1 by promoter methylation is associated with decreased BRCA1 gene copy number, reduced transcripts and chromosome 17 aneusomy, as observed in tumors from BRCA1 mutant carriers (Wei M et al. 2005). BRCA1 promoter methylation has been observed in 11 to 31% of sporadic primary tumors . To understand the mechanism of transcriptional down-regulation of BRCA1 bypromoter methylation, we screened DNA from 51 cultured breast cancer cell lines by methylation-specific PCR, and identified HCC38 as another BRCA1-promoter methylated cell line. There was low mRNA and protein expression in HCC38 and UACC3199 cells compared with the promoter unmethylated MCF-7 cells. After transient treatment with 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR)/trichostatin A (TSA) or Zebularine/TSA, re-expression of BRCA1 mRNA and BRCA1 protein were detected by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Bisulfite DNA sequencing of the BRCA1 promoter region revealed that the proportion of methylated CpG dinucleotides located at positions -533, -355, -173, -21 decreased dramatically in demethylated UACC3199. To test the hypothesis that methylation of those CpG cites may affect binding of transcription factors to the BRCA1 promoter and consequently cause down-regulation of BRCA1, we systematically analyzed the binding of four transcription factors (CTCF, Sp1, CREB and E2F) to the BRCA1 promoter using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP). The four transcription factors bind to the unmethylated BRCA1 promoter in MCF-7 cells. In contrast, the four transcription factors failed to bind to the methylated BRCA1 promoter in UACC3199 cells. Following treatment with 5-aza-CdR and TSA, three of the four transcription factors were able to bind to BRCA1 promoterin the demethylated UACC3199 cells. This indicated that reduced accessibility of transcription factors to the methylated promoter is one of the mechanisms for down-regulation of BRCA1 in heavily methylated UACC3199 cancer cells. Future work will investigate if a similar mechanism affects transcription factors binding in HCC38 cells. Our results demonstrated that down-regulation of BRCA1 by methylation is reversible, and methods to reverse this process may be clinically relevant in the treatment and/or prevention of breast cancer.
Introduction to Mosteller (1946) On Some Useful “Inefficient” Statistics

The editors have not done the obvious in selecting this paper. Evidently, they were not put off by its opening words: “Several statistical techniques are proposed for economically analyzing large masses of data by means of punched-card equipment.” Moreover, very little of the paper survives unimproved in current statistical practice. Nevertheless, the author made a number of significant advances, pointed the way to many more, and showed great prescience. The paper, as a result, has been extremely influential and has stimulated much research on order statistics.
Chinese for Diplomats

The linguistic skill set required by diplomats depends on their position and may require familiarity with the political, economic, commercial, consular, legal, educational, and cultural fields, so multiple varieties of Chinese for Professional Purposes are involved. However, almost all diplomats need to be able to speak appropriately in a social context, elicit information, request that an action be taken, make a point, persuade a listener, advocate a position, raise a concern, deliver public remarks, follow a conversation in which they are not a participant, understand the broadcast media, read articles from the print media, recognize documents, interpret, and translate. This chapter discusses the design and delivery of language training for imparting such skills, including topics such as the trainees, the trainers, needs analysis, curriculum, and materials preparation.
Creating and Evaluating a General Psychology Custom Textbook: A Goal-Oriented Approach:

This paper describes a model for the articulation and assessment of goals in the development and use of a general psychology custom textbook. A description of custom textbooks is presented, and the...
Use of Ultra-high-frequency Ultrasound on Diagnosis and Management of Lipofibromatous Hamartoma: A Technical Report.

Lipofibromatous hamartoma (LFH) is a rare, benign tumor found in the peripheral nerves which is challenging to diagnose. We present a case report of the use of ultra-high-frequency ultrasound (UHFUS) on a patient with an LFH to provide valuable information not available on other imaging modalities regarding tumor invasion of the nerve fascicles.
Electrophotocatalytic S N Ar Reactions of Unactivated Aryl Fluorides at Ambient Temperature and Without Base

The electrophotocatalytic SN Ar reaction of unactivated aryl fluorides at ambient temperature without strong base is demonstrated.
Systematically Improvable Tensor Hypercontraction: Interpolative Separable Density-Fitting for Molecules Applied to Exact Exchange, Second- and Third-Order Møller–Plesset Perturbation Theory

We present a systematically improvable tensor hypercontraction (THC) factorization based on interpolative separable density fitting (ISDF). We illustrate algorithmic details to achieve this within the framework of Becke's atom-centered quadrature grid. A single ISDF parameter cISDF controls the trade-off between accuracy and cost. In particular, cISDF sets the number of interpolation points used in THC, NIP = cISDF × NX with NX being the number of auxiliary basis functions. In conjunction with the resolution-of-the-identity (RI) technique, we develop and investigate the THC-RI algorithms for cubic-scaling exact exchange for Hartree-Fock and range-separated hybrids (e.g., ωB97X-V) and quartic-scaling second- and third-order Moller-Plesset theory (MP2 and MP3). These algorithms were evaluated over the W4-11 thermochemistry (atomization energy) set and A24 noncovalent interaction benchmark set with standard Dunning basis sets (cc-pVDZ, cc-pVTZ, aug-cc-pVDZ, and aug-cc-pVTZ). We demonstrate the convergence of THC-RI algorithms to numerically exact RI results using ISDF points. Based on these, we make recommendations on cISDF for each basis set and method. We also demonstrate the utility of THC-RI exact exchange and MP2 for larger systems such as water clusters and C20. We stress that more challenges await in obtaining accurate and numerically stable THC factorization for wave function amplitudes as well as for the space spanned by virtual orbitals in large basis sets and implementing sparsity-aware THC-RI algorithms.
Complex Korovkin Theory

Let K be a compact convex subspace of \(\mathbb {C}\) and \(C\left( K,\mathbb {C}\right) \) the space of continuous functions from K into \(\mathbb {C}\). We consider bounded linear functionals from \(C\left( K,\mathbb {C}\right) \) into \(\mathbb {C}\) and bounded linear operators from \(C\left( K,\mathbb {C}\right) \) into itself. We assume that these are bounded by companion real positive linear entities, respectively. We study quantitatively the rate of convergence of the approximation of these linearities to the corresponding unit elements. Our results are inequalities of Korovkin type involving the complex modulus of continuity and basic test functions. See also [5]
Food Insecurity Predicts Urban Gun Violence.

IntroductionFood insecurity (FI), defined as inadequate access to affordable and quality nutrition, has negative health consequences. FI and violence share similar root causes. The aim of this stud...
Feedback, Investment, and Social Value of Financial Expertise

We examine how an informational feedback loop between bilateral security trading and firm investment endogenously affects information production. A trader's acquisition of information about a firm's investment opportunity can create an endogenous trade surplus that materializes only if trade may potentially break down. Because an exogenous private gain to trade is lost if trade is disrupted, however, the trader may not acquire such socially valuable information. Consequently, the firm, which makes its investment decision based on the trading outcome, may take socially destructive actions to induce the trader to acquire the information. Welfare-enhancing policies are examined.
Digital music and online sharing: software piracy 2.0?

Considering the similarities and unique characteristics of online file sharing and software piracy.
Vygotsky, Education, and Literacy

This review paper aims to provide a summary and overview of the influence of Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) on education, language, and literacy from a multidimensional perspective. Vygotskyan perspective toward education in general and literacy, in particular, have been discussed immensely in the areas of language acquisition, child mental development, educational psychology, and social psychology. The current paper strives to provide an inclusive, but brief, vignette on the intersections and variations of implementation of Vygostkyan viewpoints in the above academic contexts. In addition, this paper present the main criticism directed at Vygotsky`s theoretical arguments accompanied with the alternative notions proposed.
Overcoming Mismatch Concerns for Adult Recipients of Small Pediatric Deceased Donor Kidneys.

ABSTRACT Background Kidneys from very young pediatric donors continue to be underutilized. To reduce discard, the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) policy was recently updated to allow kidneys from donors weighing Methods We reviewed our center's experience with kidney transplantation in adult recipients of Results The majority of 60 mL/min. Kidney allograft growth occurred in both groups, with the largest increase occurring the first month posttransplant (11.9%, 18.6%, P Conclusion For pediatric donors weighing
On the brink and at the world’s edge: Western approaches to Central Asia’s international politics, 1991–2021

Western scholarship on the foreign policies of the post-Soviet Central Asian states has consistently framed the region as marginalized but ripe for Great Power influence and poised to assume a more...
The Law of Democratic Disqualification

Almost all constitutions, including our own, contain one or several ways to disqualify specific individuals from political office. The U.S. Constitution, indeed, incorporates no less than four overlapping pathways toward disqualification. This power of retail disqualification stands at the heartland of the complex project of democratic rule. In practice, it works both an instrument for preserving democratic rule, and also a knife against it. This Article is the first to analyze systematically the complex positive and normative questions raised by disqualification. It offers both a positive account of the function that disqualification plays in constitutional ordering, and a normative account of the role that it should play. Drawing on domestic and comparative evidence, it then develops the blueprint of an ‘optimal’ disqualification regime. This would aim at disqualifying officials who pose a clear threat to a relatively minimalist, electorally-focused conception of democracy, while avoiding overuse for less pressing ends or, worse, abuse for antidemocratic purposes. It would contain plural pathways, calibrated to avoid the possibility of partisan arbitrage. These would lean toward the regulation of individuals rather than groups. They would not usually run directly through elected bodies. The prerequisite for disqualification would more often be stated as a rule than as a standard. And the ensuing prohibitions would more often be temporary rather than permanent. This optimal approach leads to specific reform recommendations for the U.S. context. First, we demonstrate that Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment should be given greater specificity and shape via statute, as Congress indeed did after the Civil War, and as it is empowered to do now via its authority to “enforce” the terms of the Reconstruction amendments. Second, we develop a case for a framework statute setting forth a judicial mechanism for enforcing the two-term limit on chief executives under the Twenty-Second Amendment. Finally, we propose decoupling impeachment and disqualification, creating two distinct institutional pathways for disqualification.
Spectral Effects in the Extrapolation of Pressure Vessel Surveillance Capsule Measurements

An evaluation of the effects of the neutron spectral shift between the surveillance capsule and vessel on the prediction of radiation-induced pressure vessel (PV) embrittlement has been made. A spe...
Measuring the sustainability performance of the tourism sector

Abstract To measure tourism sustainability requires a knowledge of the complexity of tourism systems and the specifics of any given location. However most research, although focusing on social, economic or environmental indicators but have not considered how they integrate and relate to each other. This paper proposes a framework for the identification of variables based on three levels (the community, the tourist destination and the individual organisations) and different dimensions (social, competitive and economic) that are better oriented to the behaviour of key actors and the achievement of stakeholder consensus.
A Continuous Body: Ongoing Conversations About Women and Legal Education

How has the conversation changed? That was central question animating a conference Taking Stock: Women of All Colors in Legal education convened in June 2003 by the American Association of Law Schools and by the Section of Legal Education and the Commission on Women of the American Bar Association.Why should the topic of the roles of women of all colors in legal education still be an organizing principle of discussion? Were gender, race, and ethnicity only a politics, questing after equality, the answer would be that equality has not yet come into being. In this essay, I detail some of the ways in which gender, race, and ethnicity remain empirical variables important to understanding the contemporary dynamics of the legal academy.Further, gender, race and ethnicity are more than variables: they are ideas and concepts that organize societies. Therefore, they pose central questions for thinking about law. The legal academy has to address how assumptions about gender, race, and ethnicity shape the law and, in turn, about what role law plays, has played, and should play in making those concepts meaningful. To that end, this essay also sketches some of what has been learned about the effects of gender, race, and ethnicity on legal education, as well as the challenges of having the same conversation while also appreciating how much that conversation has changed.
Small scale photo probability sampling and vegetation classification in southeast Arizona as an ecological base for resource inventory

The author has identified the following significant results. The broad scale vegetation classification was developed for a 3,200 sq mile area in southeastern Arizona. The 31 vegetation types were derived from association tables which contained information taken at about 500 ground sites. The classification provided an information base that was suitable for use with small scale photography. A procedure was developed and tested for objectively comparing photo images. The procedure consisted of two parts, image groupability testing and image complexity testing. The Apollo and ERTS photos were compared for relative suitability as first stage stratification bases in two stage proportional probability sampling. High altitude photography was used in common at the second stage.
A Low-Control-Overhead Asynchronous Differential Equation Solver

This paper describes the design of a high-performance asynchronous differential equation solver, a common DSP application. The high performance is achieved by two means. First, efficient self-timed datapath elements were designed, including a self-timed carry-bypass adder with low-overhead domino completion-detection and a staggered-evaluation precharged multiplier using carry-save-addition. Second, asynchronous control circuit overhead was minimized to 12% by using an efficient 3D control circuit design style and timing assumptions to effectively hide control circuit delay. The design has been simulated in a 1.2?m two-metal HP SCMOS process and compared to comparable synchronous designs. Its average-case performance (simulated at 25°C and 5V) is estimated to be 37% faster than the synchronous worst-case performance (simulated at 100°C and 4.5V).
Solutions to the Problem

This chapter contains sections titled: When and How to Authenticate Fastwords: Adapting Passwords to Constrained Keyboards Deriving PINs from Passwords Visual Preference Authentication The Deadly Sins of Security User Interfaces SpoofKiller??????-??????Let's Kiss Spoofing Goodbye! Device Identification and Intelligence How can we Determine if a Device is Infected or not?
10 Land, Labor, Bodies, and Objects: Comments on Inalienability and Mesoamerican Social Life

The original use of the term “inalienable possessions” by Annette Weiner applied to movable objects. As the contributors to this volume bring out, the concept has much greater potential when discussed in the context of all material life. In this chapter, the advantages of a broader use of the term inalienability are discussed and the chapters compared based on three major themes: (1) the importance of eliminating dichotomies such as alienability–inalienability, prestige–nonprestige goods, and elites–commoners; (2) how inalienability extends interpretations of the materiality of social life; and (3) the varied ways in which inalienability was part of performative practices that created, reinforced, and transformed value, identity, and social distinctions in the Mesoamerican area.
Cu(I) Binding and Transfer by the N Terminus of the Wilson Disease Protein

Abstract Wilson and Menkes diseases are genetic disorders of copper metabolism caused by mutations in the Wilson (WND) and Menkes (MNK) copper-transporting P1B-type ATPases. The N termini of these ATPases consist of six metal binding domains (MBDs). The MBDs interact with the copper chaperone Atox1 and are believed to play roles in catalysis and in copper-mediated cellular relocalization of WND and MNK. Although all six MBDs have similar folds and bind one Cu(I) ion via a conserved CXXC motif, biochemical and genetic data suggest that they have distinct functions. Most studies aimed at characterizing the MBDs have employed smaller polypeptides consisting of one or two domains. The role of each MBD is probably defined by its environment within the six-domain N terminus, however. To study the properties of the individual domains within the context of the intact Wilson N terminus (N-WND), a series of variants in which five of the six metal binding CXXC motifs are mutated to SXXS was generated. For each variant, the Cu(I) binding affinity and the ability to exchange Cu(I) with Atox1 were investigated. The results indicate that Atox1 can deliver Cu(I) to and remove Cu(I) from each MBD, that each MBD has stronger Cu(I) retention properties than Atox1, and that all of the MBDs as well as Atox1 have similar KCu values of (2.2–6.3) × 1010 m–1. Therefore, the specific role of each MBD is not conferred by its position within the intact N-WND but may be related to interactions with other domains and partner proteins.
Adsorption kinetics and dynamics of CO on silica supported Au nanoclusters—Utilizing physical vapor deposition and electron beam lithography

Abstract The adsorption kinetics and dynamics of CO on silica supported Au clusters have been studied by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and molecular beam scattering. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) and electron beam lithography (EBL) have been used to fabricate the samples. According to our prior study (Kadossov et al., in press [49] ), a maximum in the initial adsorption probability, S 0 , occurs for 3 nm Au clusters. Therefore, in the present study, we have focused on this cluster size for PVD samples. In addition, 12 nm EBL Au clusters have been studied. This is presently one of the smallest achievable cluster sizes using EBL for macroscopic samples. Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy have been used to further characterize the samples. TDS revealed well-known features for PVD samples; i.e., two peaks assigned to CO adsorption on different defect sites were present. Interestingly, TDS data of EBL samples were dominated solely by one CO desorption peak. The initial adsorption probability of CO, S 0 , decreased as a function of impact energy, E i , and adsorption temperature, T s , for both samples, which is consistent with non-activated molecular adsorption. The coverage dependence of the adsorption probability and S 0 are discussed in the framework of the capture zone model.
Tracking multiple interacting subcellular structure by sequential Monte Carlo method

With the wide application of Green Fluorescent Proteins (GFP) in the study of live cells, there is a surging need for computer-aided analysis on the huge amount of image sequence data acquired by the advanced microscopy devices. In this paper, a framework based on Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) is proposed for multiple interacting object tracking. The distribution of the dimension varying joint state is sampled efficiently by a Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) algorithm with a novel height swap move. Experimental results were performed on synthetic and real confocal microscopy image sequences.