cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Procollagen VII self-assembly depends on site-specific interactions and is promoted by cleavage of the NC2 domain with Procollagen C-proteinase

Procollagen VII is a homotrimer of 350-kDa proalpha1(VII) chains. Each chain has a central collagenous domain flanked by a noncollagenous amino-terminal NC1 domain and a carboxy-terminal NC2 domain. After secretion from cells, procollagen VII molecules form antiparallel dimers with a 60 nm overlap. These dimers are stabilized by disulfide bonds formed between cysteines present in the NC2 domain and cysteines present in the triple-helical domain. Electron microscopy has provided direct evidence for the existence of collagen VII dimers, but the dynamic process of dimer formation is not well understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that, during dimer formation, the NC2 domain of one procollagen VII molecule specifically recognizes and binds to the triple-helical region adjacent to Cys-2625 of another procollagen VII molecule. We also investigated the role of processing of the NC2 domain by the procollagen C-proteinase/BMP-1 in dimer assembly. We engineered mini mouse procollagen VII variants consisting of intact NC1 and NC2 domains and a shortened triple helix in which the C-terminal region encompassing Cys-2625 was either preserved or substituted with the region encompassing Cys-1448 derived from the N-terminal part of the triple-helical domain. The results indicate that procollagen VII self-assembly depends on site-specific interactions between the NC2 domain and the triple-helical region adjacent to Cys-2625 and that this process is promoted by the cleavage of the NC2 by procollagen C-proteinase/BMP1.
Free boundary control of Brownian motion and a related optimal stopping problem

Abstract : This problem is motivated by studying dissipative dynamic systems under uncertainty, which in the simplest case will be a model of the automatic cruise control of an aircraft under rain down wind conditions. Consider a new type of controlled diffusion models in which there are no restrictions on the drift (which is under our control), moreover the drift can take on infinite values. This results in the so called singular or free boundary control. The optimal policy in these models is different from the ones seen in the classical cases. It consists of keeping the process within certain boundaries with minimal efforts. It is shown that one can find optimal boundaries by considering a special stopping game of two players with opposite interests. Keywords: Control Theory.
Assistive Technology and Environmental Intervention (AT-EI) Impact on the Activity and Life Roles of Aging Adults with Developmental Disabilities

As persons age with developmental disabilities, they experience life long disability and age-related issues at the impairment, activity, participation and environment levels. Assistive technology and environmental interventions (AT-EI) can serve as potential mediators in delaying or preventing functional decline, health conditions, and dependent care placements only if they are considered within the dynamic interaction of the person, activities, and the facilitators and barriers within the social and physical environment. This paper summarizes AT-EI needs, research results, and implications for practice specific to persons with developmental disabilities, and important others in their lives, as they age in place.
Auditory Serial Position Effects in Story Retelling for Non-Brain-Injured Participants and Persons With Aphasia

Using story retelling as an index of language ability, it is difficult to disambiguate comprehension and memory deficits. Collecting data on the serial position effect (SPE), however, illuminates t...
A persistent P,N-heterocyclic carbene

Conjugate acids of cyclic (amino)(phosphino)carbenes (P-NHCs) have been prepared, and several different processes have been observed during their deprotonation, which include the formation of a metastable P-NHC, an azomethine ylide, and a bicyclic phosphirane.
Inclusive Growth, Institutions, and the Underground Economy

Worldwide protests against the perceived lack of economic opportunity and failure of governance have refocused attention on the need for inclusive growth and strong institutions. In developing countries, large informal economies limit state capacity to deliver governance and strong institutions, which in turn discourages participation in and expansion of the formal economy. This paper analyzes the determinants of the underground economy, with particular emphasis on the role of institutions and the rule of law. We find that when businesses are faced with onerous regulation, inconsistent enforcement and corruption, they have an incentive to hide their activities in the underground economy. Empirical analysis suggests that institutions are a more important determinant of the size of the underground economy than tax rates.
Microstructural evolution during the α2→α2 + O transformation in Ti-Al-Nb alloys: phase-field simulation and experimental validation

Abstract The microstructural development during precipitation of a coherent orthorhombic phase (O-phase) from an α2 matrix (DO19) in a Ti–Al–Nb system is investigated through computer simulations using the phase-field approach and through experimental observations using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two compositions were considered in the simulations in order to examine the influence of volume fraction of the O-phase on the microstructure. It is found that in the alloy with higher volume fraction of the O-phase, the precipitates have either square or rectangular shapes on (0001)α2 or (001)O planes. All the particles are interconnected by sharing their corners. In the alloy with lower volume fraction, the dominant morphology for the precipitates is thin plate. The spatial distribution of precipitates is highly non-uniform with the precipitates aggregating together to form various unique patterns to accommodate the elastic energy arising from the lattice misfit between the α2 and O-phase. All the interfaces between the α2 and O-phase are found to be undistorted habit planes of the type {470)O, and the domain boundaries between different orientation variants of the O-phase are twin boundaries which are the strain-free planes {110)O or {130)O. The simulation predictions agree remarkably well with existing experimental observations and the concurrent TEM study.
Applying the Infant-Toddler Social & Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) and Brief-ITSEA in early intervention.

Resume: Le but de cet article etait d'examiner la coherence interne et la validite de l'Evaluation Emotionnelle et Sociale du Nourrisson et du Petit Enfant (abrege ITSEA en anglais, pour Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment) et la Breve ITSEA (abrege BITSEA, pour Brief-ITSEA) en examinant des questionnaires parentals chez un echantillon d'intervention precoce. Un echantillon, varie du point de vue sociodemographique, consistant en 192 parents d'enfants de 11 a 36 mois envoyes dans des programmes d'intervention precoce ont rempli des sondages contenant la ITSEA, la BITSEA et la Checklist de Comportement de l'Enfant (Child Behavior Checklist, abrege CBCL). Les parents ont eu un entretien avec l'Echelle d'Evaluation du Comportement Adaptif Vineland. Les evaluateurs, sans connaitre le statue des enfants concernant l'ITSEA et la BITSEA ont evalue le comportement de l'enfant durant des evaluations de developpement. Enfin, un sous-echantillon de 71 enfants a recu les Echelles Mullen d'Apprentissage Precoce. Les resultats soutiennent la coherence interne des ITSEA et BITSEA. avec la majorite des alphas de Cronback au dessus de,70. Soutenant la validite, les problemes de scores ITSEA et BITSEA etaient en grande correlation avec les scores d'Internationalisation et d'Externationalisation CBCL (rs=-,39 a,78) ainsi qu'avec les cotes d'observation de comportements a problemes sur des concepts paralleles aux domaines ITSEA (rs =.21 a.45). Par contre, la Competence ITSEA et la Competence BITSEA ont fait montre des associations negatives avec les scores CBCL (rs=-, 39 a -,43). Enfin, la Competence ITSEA et la Competence BITSEA etaient en grande correlation avec le niveau de developpment sur l'Echelle Mullen, la Socialisation Vineland, et les evaluations observationnelles de competence (rs=,25 a,43). Cela met en evidence l'importance qu'il y a a aborder les problemes socio-emotionnels dans l'intervention precoce: 58,6% des enfants avaient des problemes socio-emotionnels et des problemes de comportement et/ou une faible competence a la ITSEA: 39,8% avaient des Problemes ITSEA eleves et 38,5% avait une competence ITSEA basse. Les resultats indiquent le besoin qui existe d'evaluer l'ajustement socioemotionnel dans l'intervention precoce et soutiennent l'utilisation des ITSEA ET BITSEA dans ce but.
Direct detection of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene at trace levels in ambient air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization using a handheld mass spectrometer

The capabilities of a portable mass spectrometer for real-time monitoring of trace levels of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene in air are illustrated. An atmospheric pressure interface was built to implement atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for direct analysis of gas-phase samples on a previously described miniature mass spectrometer (Gao et al. Anal. Chem.2006,78, 5994–6002). Linear dynamic ranges, limits of detection and other analytical figures of merit were evaluated: for benzene, a limit of detection of 0.2 parts-per-billion was achieved for air samples without any sample preconcentration. The corresponding limits of detection for toluene and ethylbenzene were 0.5 parts-per-billion and 0.7 parts-per-billion, respectively. These detection limits are well below the compounds’ permissible exposure levels, even in the presence of added complex mixtures of organics at levels exceeding the parts-per-million level. The linear dynamic ranges of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene are limited to approximately two orders of magnitude by saturation of the detection electronics.
The electro-optic applications of InP

The electro-optic applications of InP and GaInAsP are reviewed. For fiber optics applications, diode lasers have been developed with low cw room-temperature threshold currents (25 mA), high modulation frequencies (>2 GHz) and long cw room-temperature lifetimes (>104 h). Avalanche photodiodes which have the p-n junction avalanche region in InP and the photosensitive region in GaInAsP have been made with peak avalanche gains of several hundred and with very low leakage currents (0.2 nA) at a gain of ten. For signal-processing applications and possibly for communications applications, an external-cavity mode-locked laser has been operated with pulse widths of ∼18 ps, an integrated Q-switched laser modulator has been operated at 2.2 GHz, and InP optoelectronic switches with very fast (<50 ps) response times have been demonstrated.
Auditory Steady-State Responses and Speech Feature Discrimination in Infants

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a correlation between auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) for complex toneburst stimuli and speech feature discrimination (SFD) abilities in young infants. Study Sample: Seventeen infants (mean age = 9.4 months) and 21 adults (mean age = 27 years) with normal hearing had ASSR and SFD tests. Data Collection: The ASSR test employed an eight-component complex toneburst stimulus; threshold and input–output functions were determined as level was systematically varied. The SFD test utilized an observer-based, visual-reinforcement test procedure to determine the infant's ability to detect the speech feature change from /ba/ to /da/. Results: The correlation of the group mean /ba/–/da/ discrimination performance (percent correct) with the group mean ASSR score (percent responses present) ranged from r = 0.64 for the 1500 Hz amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated tone burst to 0.99 for ASSRs for all stimulus components; however, correlations between ASSRs and SFD scores for individual subjects were modest. Conclusion: The ASSR and SFD results appear to reflect the audibility of the stimuli.
Gesture and aphasia: Helping hands?

The study of communicative gestures is of considerable interest for aphasia, in relation to theory, diagnosis, and treatment. This paper focuses on four dimensions of gesture production essential for advancing both investigational and clinical application of gesture in aphasia. These include: 1) divergent conceptual frameworks, 2) functional and temporal characteristics of gesture, 3) coding systems and definitions, and 4) treatment approaches. A marriage of theoretically driven, operationally defined, measurable and replicable studies testing the models of gesture production will help to disentangle whether and how incorporating gesture in diagnosing and treating people with aphasia provides a ‘helping hand.’
Association of hepatic β2-adrenergic receptor gene transcript destabilization during postnatal development in the sprague-dawley rat with a Mr 85,000 protein that binds selectively to the β2-adrenergic receptor mRNA 3′-untranslated region

In the liver, transcript destabilization contributes to the decrease in steady-state levels of beta 2-adrenergic receptor mRNA that occurs during early postnatal development in the rat. From genomic DNA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a 718-basepair (bp) fragment of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor gene including the entire 3'-untranslated region. Results from SDS-gel electrophoresis and autoradiography demonstrated a M(r) 85,000 cellular factor present in postnatal day 60, but not fetal day 18 rat liver that was ultraviolet (UV) light-crosslinked to in vitro transcribed beta 2-adrenergic receptor RNA 3'-untranslated region. Unlabeled beta 2-adrenergic receptor RNA 3'-untranslated region, but not mouse beta-actin RNA, competed with labeled beta 2-adrenergic receptor RNA 3'-untranslated region for binding to the M(r) 85,000 protein. Cross-linking of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor RNA 3'-untranslated region to the M(r) 85,000 protein was inhibited by the ribohomopolymer poly(U), with poly(A), poly(C) and poly(G) having little or no effect. Thus, a M(r) 85,000 protein has been identified in adult male rat liver that may interact with U-rich sequences in the 3'-untranslated region of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor mRNA and may account for the decreased stability of hepatic beta 2-adrenergic receptor gene transcripts that occurs during development.
Potential yields and on-farm ethanol production cost of corn, sweet sorghum, fodderbeet, and sugarbeet

Field experiments were conducted during 1980-82 at the Agronomy Farm of the University of California, Davis, to compare fermentable carbohydrate production and cost of potential ethanol from fodderbeet, sweet sorghum, sugarbeet, and corn in relation to the requirements of these crops for fertilizer nitrogen and irrigation. The response of hexose yields of these crops to fertilizer N varied in the two experiments. When all crops responded, sweet sorghum and sugarbeet required 36 % and fodderbeet 68 % of the fertilizer N needed for corn. Twelve weeks following a mid-season irrigation cut off, hexose yield of sugarbeet was decreased by 18 % as compared to an adequately watered crop. Water stressed sweet sorghum extracted higher amounts of soil moisture, increased in hexose concentration and produced 29 % higher hexose yield than when adequately watered. Stressed sugarbeet, however, had a higher hexose yield due to its higher sugar concentration. When fertilized and irrigated adequately, fodderbeet produced 13.4, sugarbeet 11.9, sweet sorghum 10.0, and corn 8.15 Mg hexose ha−1. Comparative on-farm ethanol production costs of these four crops were very close ($0.38 to 0.40 L−1). Thus, growing established crops like corn and sugarbeet for which processing facilities and alternative markets already exist would be preferred.
Phase diagram of the half-filled 3D Hubbard model

The antiferromagnetic Ne\'el temperature ${T}_{N}$ is calculated as a function of the Coulomb interaction U for a half-filled 3D Hubbard model. Numerical results are given for the specific heat and staggered magnetic suspectibility on periodic lattices ranging from ${4}^{3}$--${10}^{3}$ sites, and used to determine ${T}_{N}$. The size dependence of the results suggests that the transition is weakly first order at small to intermediate values of U.
High-Energy Photoproton Production by 325-Mev Bremsstrahlung Radiation

Photoprotons with energies above 120 Mev have been studied at the M.I.T. synchrotron. Angular distributions of protons with 126 Mev, 169 Mev, and 203 Mev were obtained in the angular range from 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 160\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} from both beryllium and carbon targets. These observations showed that the protons in a Be and in a C nucleus behave identically in high energy photoproton production. The energy distribution of photoprotons from carbon at 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} was investigated in particular detail. A break is observed in the energy distribution which appears to be in accordance with Levinger's "quasi-deuteron model." Absolute values for the differential and total cross sections were obtained.A detailed analysis of existing data is given which raises the possibility that the agreement with the "quasi-deuteron model" may be fortuitous.
The three primes theorem with almost equal summands

The problem of representing all sufficiently large odd numbers as the sum of three nearly equal primes is tackled using the Hardy–Littlewood circle method in tandem with a sieve method. A combination of the Harman and vector sieves, as developed by Baker, Harman and Pintz, is used. To do this, the major arcs of the circle method involve the investigation of the mean–values of Dirichlet polynomials, while the minor arcs demand short–range estimates for exponential sums.
On Murphy's yield integral (IC manufacture)

The technique for estimating integrated circuit manufacturing yields by means of a compounding technique originally described by B.T. Murphy (1964) is discussed. The author derives and describes the related yield formula and discusses the reason for its eventual shortcomings and demise. It was assumed that the use of Gaussian distribution as a model for the variation in defect densities requires the use of a triangular approximation. However, such an approximation is not necessary. It is shown that an exact solution is possible. The resulting yield formula has been used in the industry for a short time, but has been superseded by use of the negative binomial yield model, which is easier to manipulate and in better agreement with actual data. >
The structure of hemoglobin reconstituted with deuteroheme

Abstract The structure of horse methemoglobin reconstituted with deuteroheme, in which the heme vinyl substituents are replaced by hydrogens, has been compared with that of native horse methemoglobin by X-ray difference Fourier techniques. The tertiary structures of the two molecules are almost completely identical, with the exception of small perturbations in the globin which occur in direct response to the missing vinyls. These perturbations are, however, highly localized and do not propagate beyond the immediate vicinity of the hemes. Contrary to expectation, complete removal of these heme vinyls results in much less drastic structural changes than does replacement by ethyl substituents, as in methemoglobin reconstituted with mesoheme.
Design of a wireless active sensing unit for structural health monitoring

Many academic and commercial researchers are exploring the design and deployment of wireless sensors that can be used for structural monitoring. The concept of intelligent wireless sensors can be further extended to include actuation capabilities. In this study, the design of a wireless sensing unit that has the capability to command active sensors and actuators is proposed for structural monitoring applications. Active sensors are sensors that can input excitations into a structural system and simultaneously monitor the corresponding system's response. The computational core of the wireless active sensing unit is capable of interrogating response data in real time and can be used to execute embedded damage detection analyses. With high-order vibration modes of structural elements exhibiting greater sensitivity to damage than global structural modes, wireless active sensors can play a major role in a structural health monitoring system because they are capable of exciting high-order modes. A computational framework for analyzing piezoelectric based active sensor signals for indications of structural damage is proposed. For illustration, a simple aluminum plate with piezoelectric active sensors mounted to its surface is used.
Biomolecular Hydrogel-Based Lipid Bilayer Array System

This work investigates the fabrication of hydrogel based lipid bilayers arrays using micro fabrication technologies that enable high precision in controlling the cell-scale droplets. Arrays of hydrogels that support curved aqueous lenses are deposited on two parallel substrates using lithography techniques on top of a network of Ag/AgCl electrodes. The first step in the fabrication process is to deposit silver electrodes using silver paint through a mask, a layer of silver chloride is then formed around the silver channels using another mask with the desired geometry. The hydrogel arrays are then achieved by exposing a thin film of photocrosslinkable hydrogel to UV light through a mask. Hydrogel arrays are fabricated using this technique, which is represents a relatively accurate and inexpensive method. The hydrogel structures can host a thin aqueous curved lenses containing phospholipids . Bilayer arrays can be formed by using a technique similar to the regulated attachment method, where mechanical force is used to bring adjacent aqueous lenses in contact.
Metric Universality of Order in One-Dimensional Dynamics

The orbit of the critical point of a nonlinear dynamical system defines a family of functions in the parameter space of the system. For unimodal maps a renormalization makes these functions indistinguishable over a wide range of parameter values. The universal representation of these functions leads directly to a number of interesting results: (1) the positions in the parameter space of the windows of order; (2) the sizes of the windows of order; (3) measures of distortion in the window structure; and (4) various generalized Feigenbaum numbers. We explicitly discuss the examples of the quadratic and sine maps.
Stereoselective synthesis of 2-deoxy-β-glycosides from glycal precursors. 1. Stereochemistry of the reactions of d-glucal derivatives with phenylsulfenyl chloride and phenylselenenyl chloride

Abstract The stereoselectivity of the reactions of d -glucal derivatives with PhSCl and PhSeCl is dependent on the presence of an electronegative heteroatom substituent at C(6) and the nature of the functionality at C(4). The C(6)-substituent influences the conformational preferences of the d -glucal derivatives, and greatest stereoselectivity is obtained with those glycals that preferentially exist in the inverted 5 H 4 half-chair conformation 28b . A polar substituent at C(4) increases the selectivity by stabilizing the episulfonium/episelenonium ion intermediates 31b and 33 .
Whither scenic beauty? Visual landscape quality assessment in the 21st century

Abstract The history of landscape quality assessment has featured a contest between expert and perception-based approaches, paralleling a long-standing debate in the philosophy of aesthetics. The expert approach has dominated in environmental management practice and the perception-based approach has dominated in research. Both approaches generally accept that landscape quality derives from an interaction between biophysical features of the landscape and perceptual/judgmental processes of the human viewer. The approaches differ in the conceptualizations of and the relative importance of the landscape and human viewer components. At the close of the 20th century landscape quality assessment practice evolved toward a shaky marriage whereby both expert and perceptual approaches are applied in parallel and then, in some as yet unspecified way, merged in the final environmental management decision making process. The 21st century will feature continued momentum toward ecosystem management where the effects of changing spatial and temporal patterns of landscape features, at multiple scales and resolutions, will be more important than any given set of features at any one place at any one time. Valid representation of the visual implications of complex geo-temporal dynamics central to ecosystem management will present major challenges to landscape quality assessment. Technological developments in geographic information systems, simulation modeling and environmental data visualization will continue to help meet those challenges. At a more fundamental level traditional landscape assessment approaches will be challenged by the deep ecology and green philosophy movements which advocate a strongly bio-centric approach to landscape quality assessment where neither expert design principles nor human perceptions and preferences are deemed relevant. On the opposite side of the landscape–human interaction, social/cultural construction models that construe the landscape as the product of socially instructed human interpretation leave little or no role for biophysical landscape features and processes. A psychophysical approach is advocated to provide a more appropriate balance between biophysical and human perception/judgement components of an operationally delimited landscape quality assessment system.
The inferior pulvinar complex in owl monkeys: architectonic subdivisions and patterns of input from the superior colliculus and subdivisions of visual cortex.

Patterns of connections with other visual structures and architectonic characteristics were used to subdivide the inferior pulvinar complex of owl monkeys into three distinct nuclei termed the central inferior pulvinar, IPc, the medial inferior pulvinar, IPm, and the posterior inferior pulvinar, IPp. IPc occupies about 70%; IPm about 20%, and IPp about 10% of the inferior pulvinar complex. Encapsulating fiber bands distinguish the boundaries of the three nuceli. IPm is also identified by a much greater packing density of neurons than IPc and IPp. Both IPp and IPc receive input from the superior colliculus, but the terminations in IPp are denser. Visual cortical Areas 17, 18, MT, DM, M and PP (Allman and Kaas, '76) project to IPc and IPm in patterns that indicate that central vision is represented dorsorostrally and peripheral vision ventrocaudally in both nuclei. Terminations in IPm from Area MT are particularly dense. None of these visual areas projects to IPp. Rather, input to IPp appears to originate in cortex rostral to Area MT in the temporal lobe.
Synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-1-H-Difluoromethanimine.

The novel imine (E)-1-H-difluoromethanimine (1) is formed by reaction of CF2NF with triphenylphosphine, followed by reaction with H2O. 1 is formed via an intermediate phosphorane (3). Acids catalyze the isomerization of 1 to the Z-isomer (2).
Exacerbation of acetazolamide teratogenesis by amiloride and its analogs active against NA+H+ exchangers and NA+ channels

Postaxial forelimb ectrodactyly induced by acetazolamide given on Day 9.5 of murine gestation is thought to be mediated by reduced intracellular pH (pHi) within the limb bud. Coadministration of amiloride increases the incidence and severity of acetazolamide-induced forelimb malformations and further reduces limb bud pHi. These findings were hypothesized to be attributable to the action of amiloride as an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), plasma membrane-localized proteins involved in the maintenance of cellular pH homeostasis. Here, we explored this hypothesis further by coadministering with acetazolamide, amiloride, or analogs known to preferentially inhibit NHEs 5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)-amiloride, 5-(N, N-hexamethylene)-amiloride, 5-(N, N-dimethyl)-amiloride, and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride or amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels (benzamil). The coadministration of either amiloride, benzamil, 5-(N, N-dimethyl)-amiloride, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride, or 5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)-amiloride all dose responsively increased the frequency and severity of forelimb malformations compared to acetazolamide alone. None of the analogs given alone induced forelimb ectrodactyly. The data are consistent with the original hypothesis that the exacerbation of acetazolamide teratogenesis is due to NHE inhibition. Surprisingly, benzamil was the most potent potentiator of acetazolamide teratogenesis. This result strongly suggests that amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels are also present within the murine embryo and are likely to play a role in pHi homeostasis.
Finding a lasting interface for your ATE system

The paper examines the interface considerations required in military and defense automated test systems to interface to a computer, for measurement automation. This paper examines the drivers for rapidly evolving computer interfaces, as well as the need for long-term stable interfaces for military/defense ATS. This paper describes a stable long-lifetime computer to instrumentation interface with both forward and backwards compatibility that will meet the longevity and future supportability required by military/defense ATS, as well as allows interfacing to evolving computer platforms
Subsurface Glen Rose Reef Trend in East Texas and West-Central Louisiana: ABSTRACT

The subsurface Glen Rose reef trend in east Texas and west central Louisiana (Lower Cretaceous Comanchean) is a regressive carbonate complex deposited on a broad shallow water shelf. The major structural influences on deposition were the East Texas basin and the northwest Louisiana basin, separated by the Sabine uplift. The Glen Rose reef trend can be differentiated into two separate "reef" tracts that prograded seaward over a slowly subsiding shelf. The Upper and Middle reef tracts overlap within the East Texas embayment and diverge over the southern flank of the Sabine uplift eastward into Louisiana. The reef trend appears to be located midway between the shoreline and shelf edge. It remains to be seen whether the Glen Rose "reefs" are actual framework reefs or mounds of transported material. Cores through the massive limestones reveal porous buildups of varying compositions. "Reef" facies include poorly sorted caprinid-coral grainstones, moderately sorted peloid and oncolite packstones and grainstones, and well-sorted, very fine grained skeletal grainstones. Coated grains, abraded skeletal fragments, scoured bedding surfaces, and minor cross-beds are evidence for deposition of the reef facies in a high-energy shoal setting. The reefal buildups grade laterally into low-energy shallow water wackestones and mudstones containing toucasids, orbitolinids, and serpulid burrows. Porosities associated with the reefal buildups appear facies controlled. Caprinid-coral packstones and grainstones exhibit intraparticle, moldic, and vuggy porosities of 10 to 15%. Pinpoint End_Page 410------------------------------ microporosity of 5 to 10% are found within the finegrained skeletal grainstones. Fracture porosity enhances permeability in several facies. Moldic and vuggy porosity types are generally secondary whereas intraparticle porosity may be preserved primary. Pinpoint microporosity is probably matrix related secondary porosity. Coarse equant calcite commonly occludes intraparticle, moldic, vuggy, and fracture porosities. Dolomitization within the "reef" limestones may have acted to create or preserve porosities. Poor production from the Glen Rose reef trend has been attributed to the lack of structural closure. Use of all available electric logs and sample logs in conjunction with extensive core and thin section analysis should provide new insight on carbonate diagenesis and the relationship to porosity-permeability trends within the Glen Rose reef trend. End_of_Article - Last_Page 411------------
Pathway Selection by Embryonic Chick Motoneurons in an Experimentally Altered Environment

To characterize cues used by motoneuron axons to reach their appropriate targets, connectivity patterns within the embryonic chick hindlimb have been analysed after early experimental manipulations of the limb or spinal cord. The manipulations altered the anterior-posterior (a.-p.) relationship between motoneurons within the lumbosacral motor column and their specific targets in the limb. Primary emphasis was placed on analysing the pathways taken by embryonic motoneuron axons at stages 23-36 which had been orthogradely labelled by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection into the motor column. Motoneuron pool topography and functional patterns of connectivity were also identified by retrograde HRP labelling and spinal cord stimulation coupled with electromyographic recording. With small shifts in position, as in two or three segment a.-p. cord reversals or a.-p. limb shifts, motoneuron axons frequently entered the appropriate plexus but in an inappropriate spinal nerve sequence. Despite this, axons altered their course to innervate specifically and consistently their correct target. When motoneuron axons entered an inappropriate plexus as the result of a greater positional shift (i.e. more extensive cord reversal or limb shift) or in experiments where posterior cord segments were replaced with anterior cord segments and supernumerary limbs were added, they behaved in one of two ways. They either formed inappropriate and largely unpatterned or unordered connections or they took totally aberrant paths within the limb to reach their appropriate target. We conclude that axons are capable of responding in a precise and specific manner to environmental cues when displaced up to a certain distance from their target or normal point of entry into the limb. Their failure to form patterned connections at more extreme distances suggests that the cues to which they are responding may be local, or that an axon's ability to respond to them is restricted to subclasses of the motoneuron population.
Untangling the steps in chromosome segregation

During DNA replication, the two parental DNA strands must be completely untangled from one another in order to generate two separate copies of the chromosome for the two daughter cells. Failure to remove even one last link that physically interlocks the two newly generated chromosomes would block their segregation at cell division. Topoisomerases are the enzymes that interconvert topological isomers of DNA, and they are%ssentia.l participants in DNA replication and chromosome segregation. A recent paper by Adams et al. [l] analyses the role of bacterial topoisomerase IV in the separation of replication products. This work includes an elegant analysis of the structure of replication intermediates and documents an intriguing example of division of labor among different topoisomerases within a cell. of unlinking the parental DNA duplex (for reviews see [5,6]). When DNA synthesis is nearly complete, the final interlinks between the two strands of the template DNA may be converted into links between the duplex portions of the daughter molecules (Fig. 1). In this way, DNA syrthesis can be finished prior to complete unlinking of the template strands, resulting in the formation of catenated duplex DNA molecules.
A Framework to Recommend Interventions for 30-Day Heart Failure Readmission Risk

In this paper, we describe a novel framework to recommend personalized intervention strategies to minimize 30-day readmission risk for heart failure (HF) patients, as they move through the provider's cardiac care protocol. We design principled solutions by learning the structure and parameters of a multi-layer hierarchical Bayesian network from underlying high-dimensional patient data. Next, we generate and summarize the rules leading to personalized interventions which can be applied to individual patients as they progress from admit to discharge. We present comprehensive experimental results as well as interesting case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework using large real-world patient datasets on Microsoft Azure for Research platform.
Toward a fully human science education: an exploratory study of prospective teachers’ attitudes toward humanistic science education

This study explores the relationships among 16 humanistic value orientations and three metaphysical orientations toward science held by prospective student teachers after reading and discussing Global Mind Change by Willis Harmon. A content analysis of post‐discussion papers finds that generally the prospective teachers advocate transcendental monism more often than either Cartesian dualism or materialistic monism as their preferred metaphysics. A factor analysis of the data yielded seven clusterings of educational and metaphysical orientations. These were identified as the individualistic orientation, the group orientation, the transcendental innovators, the concrete materialists, the self‐determined learners, the personal growth evaluation orientation, and the affective (experiential) bias. /The results of the study provide a number of challenges for innovative science teachers and educators. These include a continuing need to balance learning group concerns with those of the individual learners, the ne...
Neuronal Network Triggering a Fixed Action Pattern

Bursts of impulses in groups of brain cells of the nudibranch Tritonia trigger prolonged swimming that is identical to the natural escape response. The cells in which the activity occurs form two bilaterally symmetrical groups of at least 30 cells in each pleural ganglion. These neurons are interconnected by pathways that have a low electrical resistance, both within a ganglion and across the brain. Together they form a network that determinies whether a swimming escape response will occur or not by filtering out weak neural activity yet responding with a burst of impulses to intensive specific input to either group.
PERSONALITY AND SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENT IN THREE ETHNIC GROUPS

Summary. Scores on the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory of some 2,000 white, Negro, and Mexican-American school children, ages 9 to 13, were examined in relation to measures of intelligence and home environment as predictors of scholastic achievement. The JEPI scales show quite low, but significant and systematic, correlations with achievement; Extraversion (E) correlates positively and Neuroticism (N) and the Lie (L) scale correlate negatively with achievement. The independent contributions separately of E, N, and L. to achievement variance over the variance accounted for by the ability and background measures are negligible, but the three JEPI scales combined in a multiple regression equation along with measures of intelligence and home background independently contribute a small share of the predicted part of the scholastic achievement variance. In this the three ethnic groups do not differ appreciably or systematically, nor do the school grades from 4 to 8 (ages 9 to 13), although there are significant and systematic age and ethnic group differences in mean scores on the JEPI scales.
Design of hollow and strip beam guns

This paper covers a study of strip and hollow beam guns. An automatic electron trajectory tracer has been used to study the properties of the slit-anode lens common to these types of guns. A thin beam approximation was made so that a flat-bottom electrolytic tank could be used. The results of this study have been incorporated into gun design charts. Eight hollow beam guns have been built and tested experimentally. The experimental data of these guns compare favorably with the data obtained from the anode-lens study. The limitation of thermal velocities on the maximum area compression of strip and hollow beam guns is discussed. The experimental results of a focusing scheme which uses a uniform magnetic field to focus a hollow beam down concentric drift tubes are discussed.
Phosphorylation reverses the membrane association of peptides that correspond to the basic domains of MARCKS and neuromodulin

Several groups have observed that phosphorylation causes the MARCKS (Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate) protein to move off cell membranes and phospholipid vesicles. Our working hypothesis is that significant membrane binding of MARCKS requires both hydrophobic insertion of the N-terminal myristate into the bilayer and electrostatic association of the single cluster of basic residues in the protein with acidic lipids and that phosphorylation reverses this electrostatic association. Membrane binding measurements with myristoylated peptides and phospholipid vesicles show this hydrophobic moiety could, at best, barely attach proteins to plasma membranes. We report here membrane binding measurements with basic peptides that correspond to the phosphorylation domains of MARCKS and neuromodulin. Binding of these peptides increases sigmoidally with the percent acidic lipid in the phospholipid vesicle and can be described by a Gouy-Chapman/mass action theory that explains how electrostatics and reduction of dimensionality produce apparent cooperativity. The electrostatic affinity of the MARCKS peptide for membranes containing 10% acidic phospholipids (10(4) M-1 = chi/[P], where chi is the mole ratio of peptide bound to the outer monolayer of the vesicles and [P] is the concentration of peptide in the aqueous phase) is the same as the hydrophobic affinity of the myristate moiety for bilayer membranes. Phosphorylation decreases the affinity of the MARCKS peptide for membranes containing 15% acidic lipid about 1000-fold and produces a rapid (t1/2
All Systems Point to TREML4

The completion of the Human Genome Project in 2001 heralded a great hope that a new understanding of disease would begin the march to a healthier future. That march has been slow, although the pace of discovery is accelerating. One reason for this acceleration is the availability of publicly available data sets, spanning multiple biologic systems, from many thousands of individuals. Sen et al. tap into these data to identify genetic causes of coronary artery calcification (CAC), a major contributor to coronary artery disease. The authors began with the hypothesis that genetic determinants of CAC would manifest in the gene expression profile (transcriptome) of subjects with severe CAC, but not in unaffected controls. Eight case-control pairs from the ClinSeq cohort revealed 302 differentially expressed genes. Validation in a group of 40 matched pairs narrowed this to 18 genes. Microarray data from the Framingham Heart Study identified only one of the 18 genes as differentially expressed: TREML4. Although the difference in expression did not meet statistically significant thresholds, suspicion for biological relevance was high, which prompted the ensuing experiments. TREML4 exome sequencing identified seven heterozygous variants, one of which was significantly different in the two clinical groups. Moreover, there was a dose-response relationship between TREML4 expression and the number of minor alleles present, suggesting causality. Additional supporting genetic data came in the form of genotypes from 758 ClinSeq subjects and a genome-wide association study analysis from the 1000 Genomes database. The authors then discovered the biological role of TREML4 as a protein-coding gene, primarily in neutrophils and monocytes. Confirming this, the TREML4 protein was found to be in macrophages associated with atherotic and calcified endovascular lesions in human subjects with sudden cardiac death. Although the function of TREML4 in disease is still unknown, Sen and colleagues highlight its importance in CAC. This study exemplifies how combining large and comprehensive genomic data can quicken the pace of the post–Human Genome Project march. S. K. Sen et al. , Integrative DNA, RNA, and protein evidence connects TREML4 to coronary artery calcification. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 95 , 66–76 (2014). [[PubMed]][1] [1]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24975946
Electrotransport in liquid NaK alloys

Abstract Results of electrotransport measurements using a vertical capillary-reservoir technique have been reported for liquid NaK alloys in terms of an efficiency coefficient or “drag coefficient” Pi. Qualitatively the data can be explained in terms of a competitive scattering process in which the component with the largest cross-section moves toward the anode with the conduction electrons, while the component with the smallest cross-section moves to the cathode to conserve volume. Predicted and measured reversal compositions do not coincide, and the temperature dependence needs further work. However, the quantitative agreement of the temperature dependence of the reversal composition is very good, and a computed composition profile agrees very well with experimental data.
Resolving ambiguities in gravity wave propagation directions inherent in satellite observations : A simulation study

We simulate space-based, sub-limb viewing observations of airglow brightness fluctuations caused by atmospheric gravity wave interactions with the O2 atmospheric airglow, and we demonstrate that, due to the geometry associated with such observations, the brightness fluctuations observed for the optically thick 0–0 band emission will always appear stronger for waves traveling towards the observer (satellite). The effect should be most noticeable for waves having relatively small vertical wavelengths (∼10 km) and horizontal wavelengths of 50 km or greater. For waves of short (∼100 km) horizontal wavelength, the brightness fluctuation anisotropy with respect to viewing direction may also be evident in the optically thin 0–1 band emission. Therefore, the 180° ambiguity in wave propagation direction associated with space-based observations may be eliminated for waves dissipating in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere.
TRANSIENT EXERGY ANALYSIS AND OPTIMAL REMOVAL TIME OF A CYLINDRICAL STORAGE SYSTEM

In this study we consider a thermal energy storage system modeled as an isolated cylindrical thermal system. The energy transfer from the higher temperature surrounding domain to the working fluid is because of conduction in the annulus and by convection to the working fluid. We apply an integral technique to determine the approximate transient temperature distribution hi the system. In addition we consider second-law aspects of the system and isolate those irreversibilities that reduce the availability. Lastly, we propose a normalized figure of merit characterizing the optimal ratio of exergy extraction to exergy change of the storage system as a function of removal time. The goal is to isolate different components of entropy production in the system as a function of the removal time. Nomenclature A = area, m2 Atot = total availability, W cp = specific heat at constant pressure, J/kg K Fo = Fourier number, a2t!R\ h = specific enthalpy, J/kg ^ = convective heat transfer coefficient in pipe, W/m2 K /tot = total irreversibility, W k = thermal conductivity, W/m K L = total length of storage system, m m = mass flow rate of working fluid, kg/s & = boundary heat flux, W/m2 r = radial coordinate in domain 2, m Rl = inner radius of pipe (extent of domain 1), m R2 = outer radius of system (extent of domain 2), m •Sgen = total entropy production, W/K St = Stanton number, 7rR\hil(mcp) Tin = fluid inlet temperature (dead state condition), K rout = fluid exit temperature, K TQ = boundary temperature, K TI = working fluid temperature, K T2 = far-field temperature, K t = time, s 'end = process removal time, s v = specific volume, m3/kg x = axial distance in fluid, m «2 = thermal diffusivity of storage medium, m2/s