cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functions of Fascin in Dendritic Cells

Fascin-1 is an actin-bundling protein that shares no homology with other actin-bundling proteins. It is greatly induced upon maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). However, fascin-1 is not expressed in other primary blood cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, indicating a unique role of fascin-1 in the function of DCs upon maturation. An increasing body of evidence has shown that fascin-1 plays critical roles in maturation-associated DC functions, including dynamic assembly of veil-like membrane protrusions, disassembly of podosomes, migration to lymph nodes, and the assembly of the immunological synapse. Pathological analyses of fascin-1 expression revealed that fascin-1 is a useful marker of diseases of immune cells, including Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Hodgkin diseases. Furthermore, attempts have been made to explore the use of a fascin-1 promoter for DNA vaccination because it is strong and specific to DCs.
Purification and characterization of plasma protein C inhibitor.

Abstract Plasma protein C inhibitor (PCI) was purified to homogeneity (>95%) with good recovery (>25%) and reproducibility, and the inhibition of a number of blood clotting and fibrinolytic enzymes by purified PCI was studied. PCI inhibited activated protein C (APC), two-chain urokinase (2c-uPA), two-chain tissue plasminogen activator (2c-tPA), thrombin, factor Xa, plasma kallikrein and factor XIa, and this inhibition was accelerated by heparin. The inhibition of each enzyme was accompanied by formation of enzyme inhibitor complexes and by degradation of the inhibitor to lower molecular weight derivatives. Plasma kallikrein and factor XIa cleaved PCI of native Mr-57,000 into two products with Mr-54,000 and 52,000 whereas the other enzymes converted the PCI to a product with Mr=54,000. PCI did not detectably inhibit α-factor XIIa or plasmin. Kinetic studies using PCI yielded the following second-order rate constants for inhibition of human APC, 2c-uPA, 2c-tPA, thrombin, factor Xa, kallikrein and factor XIa respectively: 0.65 × 10 4 , 0.22 × 10 4 , 0.08 × 10 4 , 0.61 × 10 4 , 2.01 × 10 4 , 6.50 × 10 4 and 9.03 × 10 4 M −1 s −1 in the absence of heparin and 1.58 × 10 6 , 0.43 × 10 6 , 0.03 × 10 6 , 0.52 × 10 6 , 0.09 × 10 6 , 0.18 × 10 6 and 0.74 × 10 6 M −1 s −1 in the presence of optimal concentrations of heparin. The rate constants for the inhibition of factor XIa and 2c-uPA by PCI suggest a possible role of PCI in the physiologic regulation of these enzymes. The second order rate constants for inhibition of bovine APC and Gla-domainless bovine APC by human PCI were 0.61 × 10 4 and 0.26 × 10 4 M −1 s −1 in the absence of heparin and 0.54 × 10 6 and 0.71 × 10 6 M −1 s −1 in the presence of heparin, respectively. Calcium ions (0.05 to 4 mM) did not affect these rate constants. The results obtained with normal and Gla-domainless APC indicate that the Gla domain of APC is not required for inactivation by PCI and is not essential for the heparin stimulation of this reaction.
THE USE of FLOW CYTOMETRY FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION of SALMONELLAE

Flow cell cytometry can be used in a sensitive fluorescent immunoassay to rapidly identify salmonellae of Groups D and E. Staphylococcal Protein A couples with the Fc region of many antibodies, especially immunoglobulin G. When a fluorescent marker, fluorescein isothiocyanate, is conjugated to Protein A, an antibody-antigen reaction can be visualized in a flow cell cytometer with an appropriate optical sensor after excitation. Ten thousand cells were individually analyzed in each cytometer run within a minute. the resultant data, presented as histograms and tables, indicated the number of cells in the suspension reacting positively with the antiserum by fluorescence, cell size, distribution and light scatter. This provides an in-depth analysis of the antibody-antigen reaction not possible with other types of immunoassays.
When stakeholders rebel: Lessons from a safe schools program

Abstract In this essay, we describe our experiences working with a rebellious primary stakeholder, Sylvia 1 , as evaluators of a district-wide safe schools program. Given the breadth of the program and its multiple target constituencies, we were confronted with the challenges of managing a large number of stakeholders, or those individuals and groups that could affect or be affected by the program's success or failure ( Freeman, 1984 ). We describe the circumstances that gave rise to Sylvia's emergence as a rebel stakeholder and discuss the implications of her “rebellion” to the well-being of the program. We introduce the term “rebel stakeholder” to describe someone like Sylvia – ambitious, talented and well-meaning – who, despite their best intentions, can have a significant role in undermining the process of evaluation and have the potential to put programs at risk. We describe our role in working with Sylvia and other key district stakeholders to help get the program off the ground and the evaluation underway. We describe how Sylvia's invaluable involvement early on later proved to be detrimental to the long-term viability of the program. We describe the circumstances that resulted in Sylvia being barred from participating in any aspect of the program. Our reflections are informed by our review of transcripts and notes from interviews and meetings with key district stakeholders and notes from our meetings as an evaluation team. The events described herein occurred during the first 12 months of our work with the school district.
Current Events Groups in Long-Term Care: A Guide to Facilitating a Successful Group

With an increasing older population and need for institutionalization care, the demand for group work in long-term care (LTC) is increasing. Group therapy can be utilized as a strength-based model, providing socialization and cognitive stimulation with the goal of increasing overall psychological well being for LTC residents. The present article provides a step-by-step outline for setting up and implementing a current events group with older adults in an LTC setting. Additional attention is given to the importance for outcome measures evaluating the impact of the group. A comprehensive list of geriatric-sensitive assessment instruments is presented.
The stem-cell niche theory: lessons from flies

Stem cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew and to produce numerous differentiated cell types, and are directly responsible for generating and maintaining tissues and organs. This property has long been attributed to the instructive signals that stem cells receive from their microenvironment - the so-called 'stem-cell niche'. Studies of stem cells in the Drosophila gonad have yielded much exciting insight into the structure of the niche and the signalling pathways that it produces to regulate the self-renewal of stem cells. These findings are illuminating our understanding of the self-renewing mechanisms of tissue stem cells in general.
Unprecedented separation of long chain alkenones from gas chromatography with a poly(trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane) stationary phase

Long chain alkenones (LCAs) have played a central role in reconstructing paleo-sea surface temperature throughout much of the world oceans. The standard method for LCA separation and quantification utilizes gas chromatography (GC) with a non-polar column and flame ionization detection (FID). The method has remained nearly unchanged since the debut of alkenone paleothermometry over three decades ago. The conventional stationary phase used [poly(dimethylsiloxane)] is adequate for calculation of the U37K′ index for most marine samples, but performs poorly in the separation of methyl and ethyl C38 LCAs and fails to separate certain lacustrine LCAs, including structural isomers featuring differing double bond and carbonyl positions. Here, we demonstrate major improvements in the selectivity and resolution of numerous LCAs using a mid-polarity, dipole selective poly(trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane) GC stationary phase with FID. Various columns featuring this phase achieved baseline resolution of all C38 LCAs in a marine sediment and Emiliania huxleyi culture samples, improving peak resolution of C38 LCAs by > 350%. Such dipole selective stationary phases also reveal novel tri-unsaturated isomeric LCAs in lacustrine samples, for which we provide the first report and preliminary characterization. We conduct a thorough evaluation of LCA retention behavior on poly(trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) columns and report an optimal range of operating conditions for both phases.
Evidence suggesting energy-dependent formaldehyde transport in an RuMP-type methylotroph (T15)

Formaldehyde accumulation ratios ([14CH2O]i/[14CH2O]o) as high as 12-fold were measured in anaerobic, CH3OH-energized, whole cell suspensions of the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP)-type methylotrophic strain T15. Uptake kinetics were extremely rapid, enabling the attainment of equilibrium in only 10–30 s. Transport appears to be energy-dependent and associated with the protonmotive force (pmf). Anaerobic incubation with 5 μM carbonyl p-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenylhydrazone (FCCP) led to 70%–90% reduction of the accumulation ratio. Though not as pronounced, diminished uptake was also observed in the presence of 140 μM nigericin, 161 μM valinomycin and 90 mM KSCN, commensurate with their effects on pmf. Accumulation of CH2O as a function of external pH followed a trend more similar to that of pmf than either δpH or δΨ. Preventing energization by incubation with 100 μM N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) led to nearly 80% inhibition of CH2O transport. Over short time periods it was possible to “chase” accumulated 14CH2O from previously loaded cells by collapsing pmf; however, this technique also indicated that significant 14CH2O incorporation began to occur within 3 min.
Effects of κ-opioid receptor ligands on intracranial self-stimulation in rats

Rationale Elevations in cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) function within the mesolimbic system of rats reduce cocaine reward in place conditioning studies and increase immobility in the forced swim test. Each of these behavioral adaptations can be interpreted as a depressive-like effect (i.e., anhedonia, despair) that may reflect reduced activity of brain reward systems. Furthermore, each effect appears due to increases in CREB-mediated expression of dynorphin, since each is attenuated by intracranial injections of the κ-opioid receptor antagonist norBNI.
An internally consistent model for the thermodynamic properties of Fe−Mg-titanomagnetite-aluminate spinels

A model is developed for the thermodynamic properties of Fe2+−Mg2+-aluminate-titanate-ferrite spinels of space group Fd3m. The model incorporates an expression for the configurational entropy of mixing which accounts for long-range order over tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Short-range order or departures from cubic symmetry are not considered. The non-configurational Gibbs energy is formulated as a second degree Taylor expansion in six linearly independent composition and ordering variables. The model parameters are calibrated to reproduce miscibility gap constraints, order-disorder phenomena in MgAl2O4 and MgFe2O4, and Fe2+−Mg2+ partitioning data between olivine and: (1) aluminate spinels; (2) ferrite spinels; (3) titanate spinels; (4) mixed aluminate-ferrite spinels. This calibration is achieved without invoking non-configurational excess entropies of mixing. The model predicts that the ordering state of FeAl2O4 is more normal than that of MgAl2O4. It also successfully accounts for heat of solution measurements and activity-composition relations in the constituent binaries. Phase equilibrium constraints require that the structure of Fe3O4 is more inverse than random at all temperatures and that Mg2+ has a strong tetrahedral site preference with respect to that of Fe2+. The analysis suggests that in the titanates short range order on octahedral sites may be significant at temperatures as high as 1300° C. Constraints developed from calibrating the thermodynamic properties of Fe2+−Mg2+-aluminatetitanate-ferrite spinel solid solutions permit extension of the database of Berman (1988) to include estimates of the end-member properties of hercynite (FeAl2O4), ulvospinel (Fe2TiO4), MgFe2O4 and cubic Mg2TiO4. In constructing these estimates, provision is made for low-temperature magnetic entropy contributions and the energetic consequences of disordering the aluminates and the ferrites. These estimates are consistent with all of the available low-temperature adiabatic calorimetry, high-temperature heat content, and heat of solution measurements on the end-members. The analysis implies that there is a substantial heat capacity anomaly in the range 300°–900° C associated with disordering of the MgAl2O4 structure while that in FeAl2O4 becomes significant at temperatures above 700° C. The same heat capacity response in the ferrites indicates that the order/disorder transformation is coupled to the antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition in MgFe2O4 but takes place well above the ferrimagnetic-paramagnetic transition in magnetite. The proposed model is internally consistent with solution theory reported elsewhere for Fe2+−Mg2+ olivines and orthopyroxenes (Sack and Ghiorso 1989), rhombohedral oxides (Ghiorso 1990a) and the remaining end-member properties of Berman (1988).
Representing Abstraction: Information Visualization in the Middle Ages

This paper reviews some of the visualizations employed to represent information during the Middle Ages. It discusses three kinds of visualizations: rotae, tables and trees, and considers their context and use.
Temperature dependence on the cross-relaxation rates in Tm3+ doped strontium fluorapatite

Abstract The cross-relaxation dynamics of Tm3+-doped strontium fluorapatites (S-FAP) has been examined using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence lifetime crystal suggests a dipole–dipole interaction between the Tm3+ ions and the energy is transported by an incoherent hopping mechanism. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence lifetime suggests this incoherent hopping mechanism is used to bridge the energy mismatch between emission from the donor and the energy required for absorption by the acceptors. Using the energy transfer model of Agranovich, the cross-relaxation rate was determined from the emission decay dynamics of the 3 H 4 → 3 H 6 transition. The observed cross-relaxation rate ranged from 11 s −1 at 10 K to 81 s −1 at 200 K for 0.21 at % Tm 3+ in S-FAP an energy barrier of 44.3 cm −1 . The model suggest that rates of 10 6 ion hops s −1 for 1 at % Tm 3+ in S-FAP could be achieved, rendering this material a potentially efficient laser medium.
Colour adaptation modifies the temporal properties of the long- and middle-wave cone signals in the human luminance mechanism

The human luminance mechanism (LUM) detects rapid flicker and motion, summating the neurally integrated L' and M' 'contrast' signals from the long- and middle-wave cones, respectively. We previously observed large temporal phase shifts between the L' and M' signals in LUM, which were maximal and of reversed sign on green versus orange background fields and which were accompanied by large variations in the relative L' and M' contrast weights. The effects were modelled with phasic magnocellar retinal ganglion cells. The changing L' versus M' contrast weights in the model predict that the temporal dynamics of the L' and M' luminance signals will differ on green and orange fields. This is assessed with several protocols. Motion thresholds for 1 cycle deg(-1) drifting gratings or static pulsed gratings on the orange field show that the M' signal is more temporally bandpass than the L' signal; this reverses on the green field. Strong motion due to the different dynamics of the L' and M' signals is even seen with a pair of L' and M' gratings pulsed simultaneously. Impulse response functions were measured with gratings pulsed spatially in phase or antiphase. The impulse response was clearly biphasic for the M' signal on the orange field and L' signal on the green field, while the other signals were more sustained. The impulse responses predicted the motion seen with gratings pulsed in spatial quadrature.
Metastatic potential of human colon cancer cell lines: relationship to cellular differentiation and carcinoembryonic antigen production.

The relationship between cellular differentiation and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) production by human colorectal tumor cells and their ability to form hepatic metastases was studied. Eight human colon cancer cell lines were injected into athymic mice using different routes of administration to characterize their metastatic potential. The four poorly differentiated, non or low CEA producing cell lines were poorly metastatic to the liver after intrasplenic injection. After intraperitoneal implantation the same cell lines were highly tumorigenic, and subsequently metastastic to the liver. In contrast, the four moderate to well-differentiated cell lines that produced moderate to high levels of CEA were highly metastatic to the liver following intrasplenic injection. After intraperitoneal implantation they were less tumorigenic, and metastatic to the liver. We conclude that in this system poorly differentiated non or low CEA producing colorectal cell lines have a lower metastatic capacity compared to the well-differentiated high CEA producing colorectal cell lines. These data correlate directly with the pattern of metastatic spread and clinical course observed in patients with these tumors, suggesting that degree of differentiation and level of CEA production may play a role in development of site-specific metastases.
Extensive scalp lifting. Decrease in complications utilizing unilateral occipital artery ligation and other modifications.

The superior yield from extensive scalp lifting has been detracted from by complications, including hemorrhage, scalp necrosis, and the need for greater anesthesia. Intraoperative unilateral occipital artery ligation, with extensive undermining to the nape of the neck on only one side, can minimize the risk of postoperative scalp necrosis or telogen effluvium. Careful hemostasis, extensive infusion of dilute anesthetic, and modifications in instrumentation can decrease the morbidity associated with this procedure. The advantages of the operation include removal of the large amounts of bald scalp, excellent intraoperative visualization, and lack of stretchback and asymmetry. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18:796–804.
Age and Initial Helium Abundance of Globular Cluster Stars

Globular cluster star age and initial He abundance from main sequence, horizontal branch and red giant tip models using radiative opacities
Correlates of store brand proneness: some empirical observations

Profiles heavy buyers of store brand products and compares them with light buyers in terms of demographics, socio‐economic, and attitudinal variables. The results suggest that younger, unmarried, and smaller sized households tend to avoid store brands. As compared with heavy buyers, light buyers of store brands are less familiar with them and perceive them to be of lower quality, less value for money and as riskier choices.
Abstract 5332: Snail transcription factor contributes to prostate cancer tumor progression via reactive oxygen species and Rac1 activation

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represses cell adhesion associated genes, making cells more migratory. Snail is the master gene that regulates the EMT process by down regulating tight junction proteins, such as E-cadherin, and up-regulating mesenchymal genes, such as vimentin. Cell migration can also be regulated by the Rho family of GTPases such as Rac1, which can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically superoxide, via the NADPH oxidase (Nox) pathways. ROS, specifically hydrogen peroxide has been shown to mediate EMT induced by MMP-3. The objective of this study is to determine whether Snail Transcription factor contributes to tumor progression via ROS and Rac1 and to study the effect(s) of antioxidants on Snail signaling. We utilized androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent 22Rv1 and ARCaP cell lines overexpressing Snail to examine Rac1 activity in vitro. ROS (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) levels were examined in vitro and in vivo. Western blot analysis of EMT markers, cell migration on collagen and Real Time PCR Array to assay oxidative stress enzymes was also performed. We found that LNCaP, 22Rv1 and ARCaP cells overexpressing Snail displayed increased Rac1 activity while LNCaP and ARCaP cells with Snail overexpression expressed higher levels of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in vitro. Furthermore, ARCaP cells overexpressing Snail injected into nude mice showed higher tumorigenicity as compared to ARCaP Neo control cells and excised tumors displayed increased levels of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide ex vivo. Real Time PCR Array revealed significant increase in key enzymes involved in oxidative stress such as aldehyde oxidase I and peroxidasin. Treatment with the hydrogen peroxide scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), could partially revert Snail-mediated EMT in ARCaP cells as evidenced by re-expression of E-cadherin after 3 days. The muscadine grape skin extract (MSKE) antioxidant decreased ROS levels and Rac1 activity and reverted Snail-mediated EMT as seen by decreased vimentin, re-induction of E-cadherin, and decreased cell migration. This is the first report of Snail regulation of ROS by regulating oxidative stress enzymes, leading to EMT and tumor progression. We are also showing novel data that Snail can regulate cell motility via Rac1 activation. Therefore, targeting Snail-mediated EMT with antioxidants offers a promising therapy to reduce prostate cancer progression in future. Research supported by NIH Grants: 1P20MD002285 and G12RR03062. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5332. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5332
Multiply Charged Redox-Active Oligomers in the Gas Phase: Electrolytic Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Metallocenes

The inherent constant-current electrolytic (CCE) nature of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is used to study a variety of neutral metallocenes, including oligomeric metallocenes. ESI mass spectra that display the doubly charged ion of certain biferrocenes (M2+) can be readily obtained by careful manipulation of solution conditions and structure of the biferrocene. The intensity ratio of M2+ to the singly charged (M+) biferrocene, IM2+/IM+, is strongly affected by the formal potentials of the two ferrocene sites (E01 and E02), the distance between the two redox centers, the analyte infusion (flow) rate, and concentration of the neutral metallocene. For a biferrocene whose redox centers are well separated and E01 ≫ E02, lower analyte concentrations and flow rates yield a higher IM2+/IM+, but the maximum achievable value is only 0.04. However, if the redox centers are physically well separated and E01 ≅ E02, values of up to 0.3 for IM2+/IM+ are attainable; through use of probability theory ...
Influence of summer rainfall on root and shoot growth of a cold-winter desert shrub, Atriplex confertifolia.

The influence of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in early summer on root and shoot growth of Atriplex confertifolia, a C4 shrub species, was examined in a cold-winter desert community in northern Utah. Soil water and xylem pressure potentials were monitored during the summer period.
Permeability and selectivity analysis for ultrafiltration membranes

Abstract One of the major challenges facing end-users of ultrafiltration membranes is the difficulty in comparing membrane products provided by different manufacturers and made from different polymeric or ceramic materials. In this short communication, we examine the trade-off between permeability and selectivity for different ultrafiltration membranes using data for bovine serum albumin. Results for a number of different ultrafiltration membranes fall along, or below, an “upper bound” that reflects the current state-of-the-art in commercial ultrafiltration membranes, analogous to the Robeson Plot used to analyze the performance of gas separation membranes. The shape of this upper bound is consistent with a theoretical analysis of solute and solvent transport through a membrane composed of a parallel array of cylindrical pores having a log–normal pore size distribution. These results provide a framework that can be used to analyze the performance of new ultrafiltration membranes, an approach that was demonstrated using data for a prototype negatively charged ultrafiltration membrane.
Application of SAW Chirp Transform Filter in Spread Spectrum Communication Systems

Narrowband jamming of a spread spectrum signal can be filtered out in the frequency domain using acoustic surface wave convolvers as real time Fourier transformers. This is accomplished by employing modulated chirp signals as inputs. The particular frequency range in which the jammer occurs can be removed from the Fourier transformed signal by using a d.c. pulse and a balanced mixer. These concepts are discussed and experimental results demonstrating the use of the device as a Fourier transformer (with 110 MHz center frequency, 25 MHz bandwidth, and 14 ?sec interaction range and 220 MHz center frequency, 50 MHz bandwidth and 14 ?sec interaction range) are presented. The performance of the spread spectrum receiver using either pseudonoise or Barker codes and different jammers is discussed.
Synthesis and monoamine transporter binding properties of 3α-(substituted phenyl)nortropane-2β-carboxylic acid methyl esters. Norepinephrine transporter selective compounds

3α-(Substituted phenyl)nortropane-2β-carboxylic acid methyl esters (8a−h) showed high affinity for the norepinephrine transporter (NET). The most potent and selective compound was 3α-(3-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)nortropane-2β-carboxylic acid methyl ester (8d), with a Ki of 0.43 nM at the NET and 21- and 55-fold selectivity relative to binding at the dopamine and serotonin transporters. The development of 8d makes available compounds selective for all three transporters from the same structural class.
Children perceive large-disparity random-dot stereograms more readily than adults.

Abstract Data on the accuracy of binocular fixations in the first months of life ( R.N. Aslin Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 1977 , 23, 133–150) suggest the hypothesis that there may be a developmental decline in the ability to perceive depth at large disparities. The present study tested the hypothesis that children would be better than adults at perceiving depth at large disparities in random-dot stereograms. Subjects at 4, 6, 8, and 25 years of age were tested, with six males and six females per group. The procedure used a game-like reaction-time task requiring subjects to identify stereograms portraying simple figures at four different crossed disparities (17, 34, 51, and 68 min arc). Stereograms could only be identified by perceiving the apparent depth of the embedded figure. Dependent measures included number of correctly identified stereograms, and identification latency. The 4-, 6-, and 8-year-olds identified significantly more stereograms than adults. The 6- and 8-year-olds identified stereograms at 17 min arc significantly faster than adults. The results were discussed in terms of the possibility of developmental changes in the size of Panum's fusional area and the precision of coupling between the vergence and accommodation systems.
Condensed-matter physics: A solid triple point

The observation of a triple point of coexistence between two insulating phases and a conducting phase in vanadium dioxide reveals physics that may help to unravel the role of electronic correlations in this material. See Letter p.431 Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is of interest in ultrafast optical and electrical switching applications thanks to the material's unique phase transition between metallic and insulating states involving several competing phases. This study of single-crystal VO2 nanobeams in a system in which the metal–insulator transition is finely controlled by adjusting temperature and strain pinpoints the previously elusive 'triple point' — the transition temperature at which one metallic and two insulating phases can coexist — as 65 °C. Other so-called correlated materials, including manganites and pnictides, also have poorly understood strain-critical phase transitions involving multiple components, and this work demonstrates a method that should be widely applicable in such situations.
A mathematical model of muscular respiratory dynamics

A computer simulation of muscular energetics during exercise has been developed and tested. The model and results are described.
Dislocation structure of Ni/Ag interphase boundaries

Abstract The Ni/Ag interphase boundary structure in the parallel cube-on-cube orientation was studied for the boundary planes (001) and (011). Coarsely spaced dislocations were found in all annealed interfaces; the origin of these was apparently differential thermal expansion of the bicrystal film. A detailed search for intrinsic periodic structure consistent with the O-lattice construction was made using X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. No evidence for this could be found; such a relaxation, if present, is very weak. It is unlikely that such a small relaxation could account for the relative energy minimum associated with the parallel cube-on-cube orientation found by previous investigators.
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE DENDRITIC CELLS IN THE BASAL LAYER OF GUINEA-PIG EPIDERMIS.

1. The dendritic cells in the basal layer of the epidermis of the anterior abdominal wall skin of the black guinea-pig has been studied with the electron microscope. The tissue was embedded in epoxy resins and sections were stained with uranyl acetate. 2. The dendritic cells could be recognized by the fact that they were lying free between adjacent keratinocytes and the basement membrane and did not possess desmosomes or hemi-desmosomes. The cytoplasm contained no tono-filaments but many mitochondria and there was a well developed Golgi complex. 3. Three types of dendritic cells could be identified. Type 1. The melanocyte which had a slightly indented nucleus and contained melanin granules in different stages of maturity within its cytoplasm. Type 2. Non-pigmented cell which had a deeply indented nucleus and characteristic rod-shaped granules in the cytoplasm. The dendritic processes were well developed. Type 3. Non-pigmented cell similar to that of type 2 but not having rod-shaped granules in the cytoplasm and possessing poorly developed dendritic processes. 4. The possible relationship which may exist between the different types of dendritic cells and their significance was discussed.
Female sexual dysfunction: incidence, pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment options.

F sexual dysfunction is age-related, progressive, and highly prevalent, affecting 30% to 50% of women.1–3 Based on the National Health and Social Life Survey of 1749 women, 43% experienced sexual dysfunction.4 U.S. population census data reveal that 9.7 million American women aged 50 to 74 years self-report complaints of diminished vaginal lubrication, pain and discomfort with intercourse, decreased arousal, and difficulty achieving orgasm. Female sexual dysfunction is clearly an important women’s health issue that affects the quality of life of many of our female patients. Until recently, little research or attention has focused on female sexual function. As a result, our knowledge and understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the female sexual response and the pathophysiology of female sexual dysfunction is limited. Based on our understanding of the physiology of the male erectile response, recent advances in modern technology, and the recent interest in Women’s Health issues, the study of female sexual dysfunction is gradually evolving. Future advances in the evaluation and treatment of female sexual health problems are forthcoming.
RATES OF OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF FERTILIZED AND UNFERTILIZED ASTERIAS, ARBACIA, AND SPISULA EGGS.

Abstract The rates of oxygen consumption of unfertilized and fertilized eggs of Arbacia punctulata, Asterias forbesii, and Spisula solidissima were determined at 15 °C using an oxygen electrode. Unfertilized eggs of Spisula have the lowest rate of oxygen uptake while Asterias ova have the highest, those of Arbacia being intermediate in value. Fertilization of Arbacia and Asterias eggs is accompanied by an immediate, but transient increase in the rate of oxygen uptake which lasts approximately 1.5 min and is significantly greater in the eggs of Arbacia than in those of Asterias. Within 3 min after insemination, the oxygen uptake of fertilized Asterias eggs returns to a rate comparable to that of the unfertilized eggs; the rate of oxygen consumption of Arbacia eggs also falls, but to a level which is still significantly higher than that of the unfertilized ova. This transient increase, which is suggested to be associated with the elevation of the fertilization membrane, could not be observed in the ova of Spisula because the methods necessary for obtaining successful fertilization did not allow measurements to be made earlier than 6 min following insemination.
Machine learning for information retrieval

In recent years, we have witnessed successful application of machine learning techniques to a wide range of information retrieval problems, including Web search engines, recommendation systems, online advertising, etc. It is thus critical for researchers in the information retrieval community to understand the core machine learning techniques. In order to accommodate audiences with different levels of understanding of machine learning, we divide this tutorial into two sessions: the first session will focus on basic machine learning concepts and tools; in the second session, we will introduce more advanced topics in machine learning, and will present recent developments in machine learning and its application to information retrieval. Each season is self-contained. Session 1: Core Learning Technologies for Information Retrieval. This session of the tutorial will cover the core machine learning methods, basic optimization techniques and key information retrieval applications. In particular, it includes: 1). Core concepts in machine learning, such as supervised learning/unsupervised learning, bias and variance trade off, and probabilistic models; 2). Useful concepts and algorithms in optimization including the first and second order gradient methods, and Expectation and Maximization; 3). The application of machine learning methods to key information retrieval problems including text classification, collaborative filtering, clustering and learning to rank; Session 2: Emerging Learning Technologies for Information Retrieval. This session will cover more advanced machine learning techniques that have started to be utilized in information retrieval applications. In particular, it will cover: 1). Advanced Optimization Techniques including stochastic optimization and smooth minimization; 2). Emerging Learning Techniques such as Multiple-Instance Learning, Active Learning and Semi-supervised Learning. The tutorial will benefit a large body of audience in the information retrieval community, ranging from students who are new to machine learning to the seasoned researchers who would like to understand the recent advance in machine learning for information retrieval research. This tutorial will also benefit the practitioners who apply learning techniques to real-world information retrieval systems.
Response function theory of electron correlation

Abstract The full perturbation expansion for the response (or density—density correlation) function is examined in order to provide a useful general theory of excitation energies, oscillator strengths, dynamic polarizabilities, etc., that is more accurate than the random phase approximation. It is first shown how the formal partition of the diagrammatic version of the perturbation expansion into reducible and irreducible diagrams is generally useless as the latter category contains all the difficult terms which have heretofore resisted analysis in all but a haphazard form. It is then shown how the diagram for the response function can be partitioned into “correlated” and “uncorrelated” subsets. Restricting attention to the particle—hole blocks of the full response function, the “uncorrelated” diagrams desecribe the propagation of a particle—hole pair in an N -electron system where the particle and hole are each interacting with the remaining electrons but they are not interacting with each other. The “correlated” diagrams are those containing the hole—particle interactions, and, by defining a new class of reducible and irreducible diagrams, these are all summed to provide a perturbation expansion of the effective two-body hole—particle interaction that appears in the inverse of the response function. The “uncorrelated” diagrams are further partitioned into two sets, one of which is summed to all orders, while the other set is inverted in an order by order fashion. The final result presents a perturbation expansion for the inverse of the response function that is analogous to the Dyson equation for one-electron Green functions. Maintaining the perturbation expansion through first order for the inverse of the response function yields the eigenvalue equation of the familiar random phase approximation, while truncation at second order provides the most advanced theories that have been generated by the equations-of-motion method.
Ethical Exemplification and the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct: An Empirical Investigation of Auditor and Public Perceptions

This research applies the impression management theory of exemplification in an accounting study by identifying and measuring differences in both auditor and public perceptions of exemplary behaviors. The auditors were divided into two groups, one of which reported self-perceptions (A-S) while the other group reported their perceptions of a typical auditor (A-O). There were two separate public groups, which gave their perceptions of a typical auditor and were divided based on their levels of accounting sophistication. The more sophisticated public group was comprised of bank loan officers (LO) while the less sophisticated public group consisted of investment club members (IC). Comparisons were made on 30 behaviors contained in the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct, which served as the basis for the research instrument. Profile analysis, a special form of MANOVA technique, was used to analyze the results. A-S perceptions were the highest of the four treatment levels and were significantly higher (i.e., more exemplary) than the perceptions of both the A-O and LO groups. The more sophisticated user group (LO) provided the lowest perceptions of the four treatment levels. For at least four of the six measures, the LO treatment group perceived the typical auditor to be less exemplary than both the IC and A-O treatments. There were no differences in perceptions between the A-O group and IC. Additional analysis revealed that auditors overrated the degree to which the public relied on financial statements. However, both public groups reported a reasonably high level of reliance on financial statements when making decisions.
Non-modal baroclinic instability

Abstract A class of non-linear instabilities of a vertically sheared zonal flow is discussed. This is a type of baroclinic instability that lies outside the purview of a linear eigenmode analysis of baroclinic instability problems. The form taken by the instability is that of an ensemble of three neutral Rossby waves whose amplitudes are slowly modified by their mutual non-linear interactions. For a triad of small amplitude, these interactions introduce a weak, vertical variation of phase to the structure of the individual waves. This allows the generation of rectified heat fluxes and an exchange of energy with the mean flow. This instability exhibits explosive growth and spans a range of horizontal wavenumbers that exceeds the range that is unstable in the corresponding linear model. It is shown that the type of instability discussed can only occur when the model used admits unstable eigenmodes as well as neutral Rossby waves. The mechanism for the non-linear instability discussed here is believed to be fairly general and should exist also in the context of a horizontally sheared flow where it would take the form of a barotropic instability.
Pan-private algorithms via statistics on sketches

Consider fully dynamic data, where we track data as it gets inserted and deleted. There are well developed notions of private data analyses with dynamic data, for example, using differential privacy. We want to go beyond privacy, and consider privacy together with security, formulated recently as pan-privacy by Dwork et al. (ICS 2010). Informally, pan-privacy preserves differential privacy while computing desired statistics on the data, even if the internal memory of the algorithm is compromised (say, by a malicious break-in or insider curiosity or by fiat by the government or law).We study pan-private algorithms for basic analyses, like estimating distinct count, moments, and heavy hitter count, with fully dynamic data. We present the first known pan-private algorithms for these problems in the fully dynamic model. Our algorithms rely on sketching techniques popular in streaming: in some cases, we add suitable noise to a previously known sketch, using a novel approach of calibrating noise to the underlying problem structure and the projection matrix of the sketch; in other cases, we maintain certain statistics on sketches; in yet others, we define novel sketches. We also present the first known lower bounds explicitly for pan privacy, showing our results to be nearly optimal for these problems. Our lower bounds are stronger than those implied by differential privacy or dynamic data streaming alone and hold even if unbounded memory and/or unbounded processing time are allowed. The lower bounds use a noisy decoding argument and exploit a connection between pan-private algorithms and data sanitization.
Development and Characterization of Microsatellite and RFLP-Derived PCR Markers in Oat

Two sources were evaluated for the production of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers for oat (Avena spp.). First, nucleotide sequences were determined for 250 unique clones from oat microsatellite-enriched genomic libraries. Forty-four of the 63 primer pairs designed were functional, of which 18 (41%) were polymorphic among 13 Avena species and six (14%) were polymorphic between oat cultivars Kanota and Ogle. Second, primers were designed from the sequences of six cDNA fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes. Primer pairs from all six cDNA clones were polymorphic among the 13 A vena species, three were polymorphic between Kanota and Ogle, but only one was polymorphic directly between Clintland 64' and IL86-5698. However, by cloning and sequencing the PCR products from Clintland 64 and IL86-5698, it was possible to identify nucleotide sequence differences at restriction enzyme cutting sites in DNA fragments from two other primer pairs. Using the two types of markers, we placed nine loci on the hexaploid oat restriction RFLP map. The RFLP-derived markers often mapped to the same or similar positions as the corresponding RFLP markers within and between mapping populations. The sequence analysis also revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) not at restriction enzyme cutting sites. Since multiple SNPs could be detected even within genes and the techniques for the development of SNPs and microsatellites are similar, it may be possible to identify more informative SNP markers than microsatellites from the same type of analysis.
Stable time step estimation for multi-material Eulerian hydrocodes

The time step estimates used in explicit, multi-material Eulerian hydrocodes are based on a series of upper bound approximations that can lead to unnecessarily small time steps. Since the cost of the calculation is proportional to the number of time steps, the underestimation of the time step size has a direct, adverse effect on the cost. An accurate method for calculating the stable time step size is presented with example calculations.
Long Range Infrared Surveillance System (LRIRSS)

The contract requirement for the LRIRSS program was to design, fabricate, test, and deliver infrared (IR) surveillance systems capable of target detection and recognition at extended ranges. Several significant technical advancements were made during the course of the program. The twenty three inch primary reflecting surface had to be of aluminum due to thermal and weight considerations. This was accomplished through the use of diamond point turned aluminum. The IR and laser receivers are active simultaneously; this has been achieved through the incorporation of a "chopping" mirror that time shares the main aperture between the FLIR and CO 2 laser receivers. In addition, the laser had to be eye-safe at the transmitter exit aperture. The use of a single pulse Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) laser has met the requirement, and is certified by the US Army Environmental Hygiene Agency in Study No. 25-42-0335-85. The major technical challenges have been met, as well as several minor difficulties that arose during the execution of the effort. All hardware has been delivered to the Government in accord with the contractual schedule. NOMENCLATURE CO2 Carbon Dioxide CPU Central Processing Unit FLIR Forward Looking Infrared FOV Field of View IFOV Instantaneous Field of View IR Infrared LRF Laser Rangefinder LRIRSS Long Range Infrared Surveillance System PCB Printed Circuit Board
Research Service Learning: Making the Academy Relevant Again

For at least 20 years, American universities, political scientists, and college students have each been criticized for holding themselves aloof from public life. This article introduces a pedagogical method—research service-learning (RSL)—and examines whether it can provide a means of integrating scholarly theory with civic practice to enhance student outcomes. In particular, we examine whether a modest dose of RSL in the form of an optional course add-on (the “RSL gateway option”) is associated with higher scores on 12 educational and civic measures. We find that the RSL gateway option did not have effects on some important outcomes—such as intellectual engagement, problem solving, and knowledge retention—but it did appear to open students' eyes to future opportunities in academic research and nonprofit and public sector work. The RSL add-on also appears to have helped students make the intellectual link between scholarly theory and the challenges facing volunteers and voluntary organizations. We argue t...
Lutein and zeaxanthin status and auditory thresholds in a sample of young healthy adults

Objectives: Dietary carotenoids lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) have been linked to improved visual and cognitive function. These effects are thought to be mediated by the presence of these pigments in critical regions of the retina and brain. There, it has been postulated that L and Z mediate improved performance by enhancing neural efficiency. The auditory system also relies on efficient segregating of signals and noise and LZ are also found in the auditory cortex. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of LZ status (as assessed by the measuring levels in retina) on auditory thresholds in young non-smokers (N = 32, M = 20.72 ± 3.28 years).Design: LZ status was determined by measuring macular pigment (MP) optical density using a standardized psychophysical technique (customized heterochromatic flicker photometry). Auditory thresholds were assessed with puretone thresholds and puretone auditory thresholds in white noise.Results: MP density was related to many, but not all, of the ...