cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An RF powered, wireless temperature sensor in quarter micron CMOS

We present a wireless CMOS temperature sensor that gathers power through RF power telemetry, and transmits data wirelessly at 2.3 GHz to a base station. Power is gathered by a low threshold voltage rectifier-multiplier circuit decreasing the minimum incident peak signal amplitude required at the receiving port compared to the state of the art power telemetry systems. A low power integrated LC voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) lies at the heart of the system. The oscillation frequency of the VCO is modulated by change in the ambient temperature, and is transmitted via an integrated power amplifier. The measured phase noise of the oscillator is -101 dBc/Hz (@1 MHz offset) while consuming 400 /spl mu/A, achieving a figure of merit of 171 dBc/Hz. A linear temperature sensitivity of 126 ppm//spl deg/C is achieved with a total sensor current consumption of 1.1 mA.
Consumer search, rationing rules, and the consequence for competition

Firms' conjectures about demand are consequential in oligopoly games. Through agent-based modeling of consumers' search for products, we can study the rationing of demand between capacity-constrained firms offering homogeneous products and explore the robustness of analytically solvable models' results. After algorithmically formalizing short-run search behavior rather than assuming a long-run average, this study predicts stronger competition in a two-stage capacity-price game.
Whitney singularities of solutions of partial differential equations

Abstract We classify singularities of multiple-valued solutions of higher order systems of partial differential equations in the case when projections of the corresponding integral manifolds of the Cartan distribution in the jet space to the space of independent variables have Whitney singularities.
Somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 inhibit calcium currents in rat neocortical neurons.

The prosomatostatin-derived peptides, somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28, are believed to function as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in the cerebral cortex. To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which these peptides induce their physiological effects in the cerebral cortex, we have examined the effects of somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 on voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents in rat neocortical neurons in culture. Ca2+ currents were recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques under conditions in which K+ and Na+ currents were blocked. Ca2+ currents were induced by depolarization from the holding potential of -80 mV. Somatostatin-14 (100 nM) and somatostatin-28 (100 nM) did not significantly affect low-voltage activated Ca2+ currents, but blocked high-voltage activated Ca2+ currents and slowed the activation of this current. The effects of both peptides were concentration-dependent and reversible. Furthermore, the effects of somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 on the high-voltage activated Ca2+ currents were not additive, suggesting that both peptides regulate this ionic current through similar cellular mechanisms. When patch pipettes used to record the Ca2+ currents contained 100 μ M cAMP and 0.5 mM isobutylmethylxanthine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 still inhibited Ca2+ currents, indicating that the effects of these peptides on the Ca2+ currents were cAMP-independent. Inclusion of the non-hydrolysable guanine triphosphate analogue, guanine triphos-phate-gamma-thiol (500 μM) in the recording electrode produced effects similar to those induced by somatostatin-14 or somatostatin-28, suggesting the involvement of guanine nucleotide binding proteins in the actions of the peptides on the Ca2+ currents. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that pretreatment of the neurons with pertussis toxin greatly reduced the abilities of somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 to inhibit Ca2+ currents. Our results suggest that somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 inhibit Ca2+ currents of rat neocortical neurons through a cAMP-independent mechanism involving pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide binding proteins.
Decay of stresses induced by sele-equilibrated end loads in a multilayered composite

Abstract The axial decay of stresses induced by self-equilibrated end loads in a multilayeredcomposite is investigated in the context of the plane problem. Here the multilayered composite is composed of alternating layers of two dissimilar isotropic materials. By adopting appropriate boundary conditions it is sufficient to consider a cell which consists of three layers. An Airy stress function approach is utilized to obtain the characteristic equation where the non-zero roots correspond to the decay rates. The dominant exponential decay rate, which corresponds to the smallest positive real part of the roots is presented in the Dundurs α , β parallelogram.
Development of a virtual EXV flow sensor for applications with two-phase flow inlet conditions

In conventional vapor compression systems, electronic expansion valves (EXVs) are used for refrigerant flow control. In addition, the EXV control signal can be used along with a model and measurements of boundary conditions to provide a virtual sensor for refrigerant mass flow rate as outlined by Kim and Braun (2012). For typical single-phase inlet conditions, models for characterizing the relationship between the inlet and outlet conditions, the opening, and the mass flow rate have been extensively studied, e.g. by Park et al. (2007), and semi-empirical as well as empirical correlations have been developed. However, two-phase inlet conditions can exist at low refrigerant charge, or for certain applications such as when balancing valves are used in a hybrid control scheme as proposed by Kim et al. (2008). This paper presents a continuous correlation that can be used for both two-phase and subcooled valve inlet conditions.
Perception of direction in the right and left visual fields.

Abstract The accuracy of recognition of the direction of lines and of nonsense words tachistoscopically exposed in the left and right visual fields in normal right-handed subjects was determined. The subjects showed a significant left field superiority for the recognition of direction and a significant right field superiority for the recognition of words. Theresults are interpreted as confirming the hypothesis, generated from previous studies of tactile recognition of direction in patients with unilateral cerebral disease, that the right hemisphere plays a distinctively important role in the perception of directionality. The findings also support the validity of the concept of a supramodal spatial factor underlying performance in different sensory spheres.
Avoiding therapeutic pitfalls: The rational use of specifically targeted agents against hepatitis C infection†

The development of specifically targeted antiviral agents against hepatitis C is a major therapeutic advance that promises to markedly improve treatment response rates in patients with chronic infection. However, rapid emergence of drug resistance has already been described, the consequences of which are not yet understood. Although there are important differences between hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the judicious use of candidate agents against HCV should be guided by principles that have been established in the HIV therapeutic arena. In this review, we attempt to draw useful parallels between the development of antiretroviral therapy for HIV and preliminary data on antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus infection. Applying concepts learned in HIV therapeutics will hopefully lead to a prudent and cautious path in HCV treatment paradigms, particularly with respect to drug resistance.
Treatment with chlorine dioxide extends the vase life of selected cut flowers

Abstract The accumulation of bacteria in vase water is often associated with premature senescence in many cut flower species. In the present study, we tested the efficacy of aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) to extend flower display life by preventing the build-up of bacteria in vase solutions. The addition of 2 or 10 μL L−1 ClO2 to clean deionized water extended the vase life of Alstroemeria peruviana ‘Senna’, Antirrhinum majus ‘Potomic Pink’, Dianthus caryophyllus ‘Pasha’, Gerbera jamesonii ‘Monarch’, Gypsophila paniculata ‘Crystal’ and ‘Perfecta’, Lilium asiaticum ‘Vermeer’, Matthiola incana ‘Ruby Red’ and Rosa hybrida ‘Charlotte’ flowers by 0.9–13.4 d (7–77%) relative to control (i.e. 0 μL L−1 ClO2) stems. The beneficial effects of ClO2 treatment were associated with a reduction in the accumulation of aerobic bacteria in vase water and on cut surfaces of flower stems. ClO2 treatment was also effective in maintaining or extending the vase life of A. majus ‘Potomic Pink’, Dendrathema × grandiflorum ‘Albatron’, G. paniculata ‘Perfecta’ and M. incana ‘Ruby Red’ flowers even when stems were placed into water containing 1011 CFU L−1 bacteria. The efficacy of 10 μL L−1 ClO2 in vase water containing 0.2 g L−1 citric acid and 10 g L−1 sucrose to extend the display life of G. jamesonii ‘Lorca’ and ‘Vilassar’ flowers was equal to or greater than other tested biocides (i.e. aluminum sulfate, dichloroisocyanuric acid, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, Physan 20™, sodium hypochlorite). Taken collectively, the results of the present study highlight the potential of aqueous ClO2 for use as an alternative antibacterial agent in flower vase solutions.
Function of the cytoskeleton in gravisensing during spaceflight

Abstract Since astronauts and cosmonauts have significant bone loss in microgravity we hypothesized that there would be physiological changes in cellular bone growth and cytoskeleton in the absence of gravity. Investigators from around the world have studied a multitude of bone cells in microgravity including Ros 17/2.8, Mc3T3-E1, MG-63, hFOB and primary chicken calvaria. Changes in cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM) have been noted in many of these studies. Investigators have noted changes in shape of cells exposed to as little as 20 seconds of microgravity in parabolic flight. Our laboratory reported that quiescent osteoblasts activated by sera under microgravity conditions had a significant 60% reduction in growth (p 2 when compared to ground controls. In addition, a collapse of the osteoblast actin cytoskeleton and loss of focal adhesions has been noted after 4 days in microgravity. Later studies in Biorack on STS-76, 81 and 84 confirmed the increased release of PGE 2 and collapse of the actin cytoskeleton in cells grown in microgravity conditions, however flown cells under 1g conditions maintained normal actin cytoskeleton and fibronectin matrix. The changes seen in the cytoskeleton are probably not due to alterations in fibronectin message or protein synthesis since no differences have been noted in microgravity. Multiple investigators have observed actin and microtubule cytoskeletal modifications in microgravity, suggesting a common root cause for the change in cell architecture. The inability of the Og grown osteoblast to respond to sera activation suggests that there is a major alteration in anabolic signal transduction under microgravity conditions, most probably through the growth factor receptors and/or the associated kinase pathways that are connected to the cytoskeleton. Cell cycle is dependent on the cytoskeleton. Alterations in cytoskeletal structure can block cell growth either in G1 (F-actin microfilament collapse), or in G2/M (inhibition of microtubule polymerization during G2/M-phase). We therefore hypothesize that microgravity would inhibit growth in either G1, or G2/M.
A test of long-run purchasing power parity

Abstract There is a continuing debate whether purchasing power parity holds as a long-run equilibrium relationship. This note applies an exact small-sample, pointwise most powerful invariant unit root test to annual, long-horizon real exchange rates. This test finds clear and consistent evidence in favor of the true purchasing power parity relationship.
A ‘person‐centered’ approach to geography

Abstract A description of the St. Lawrence River programme in geography illustrates one direction which is being followed in a humanistic and ‘person‐centered’ approach to the subject at St. Lawrence University. The ‘person‐centered’ approach begins with the learner's interests and awareness, rather than with a preconceived syllabus based on context which is determined by the instructor. It is trans‐disciplinary and problem‐oriented, and it results in a geography defined as a broad spatial perspective, rather than as a restricted body of subject matter. The goals for project work are not predetermined, but they evolve as work progresses. Since each student is responsible for his own learning, self‐evaluation is an appropriate method for grading a ‘person‐centered’ course.
Design Optimization and Performance Studies of an Adult Scale Viscous Impeller Pump for Powered Fontan in an Idealized Total Cavopulmonary Connection

Numerical and experimental studies are carried out to assess the hydraulic and hemodynamic performance and the biocompatibility of a viscous impeller pump (VIP) for cavopulmonary assist in patients with a univentricular Fontan circulation. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions of impeller performance are shown to be in very good agreement with measured pressure-flow data obtained in a Fontan mock-circulation system. Additional CFD and experimental design studies intending to balance pump performance and biocompatibility with the manufacturability limitations of a percutaneous expandable impeller are also reported. The numerical models and experimental studies confirm excellent performance of the VIP with augmentation of Fontan pressure up to 35 mmHg for flow rates up to 4.5 L/min and operational speeds no higher than 5000 RPM. Scalar stress predictions on the VIP surface and laboratory hemolysis measurements both demonstrate very low hemolysis potential. The impeller designs reported offer ideal performance and can meet manufacturing tolerances of a flexible, catheter-based percutaneous expandable rotary pump.
Continued contact and monitoring as follow-up strategies: a long-term study of obesity treatment.

Abstract Seventy-two overweight adult women who completed a 10 week course of behavioral self-management treatment for obesity were assigned to one of three 6 month long follow-up conditions: minimal contact, monitoring minimal contact, and continued contact via bimonthly groups. Subjects were assessed at weeks 0, 10, 18, 26, 34 and 52. Subjects lost significant amounts of weight during treatment (weeks 0–10). At the end of the first 2 months of follow-up manipulations (week 18), the continued contact subjects had lost significantly more weight than minimal contact in terms of both pounds and percent overweight. Differences between the three groups were marginally significant at 4 months (week 26) and percent overweight lost was significant at 6 months (week 34). At 52 weeks from study start differences no longer approached significance. When the two follow-up support conditions (continued contact and monitoring/minimal contact) were combined, differences between the follow-up support conditions combined and minimal contact were significant at 18, 26 and 34 weeks from study start, but not at 52 weeks. Mood disturbance and health impairment were found to be correlated with weight loss.
Innovative Design Approach of Precast-Prestressed Girder Bridges using Ultra High Performance Concrete

The construction of new bridges and the maintenance and renewal of aging highway bridge network using ultra high performance concrete can lead to the construction of long life bridges that will req...
Knowledge-based system for the evaluation and selection of beam-to-column connections

The Designer Fabricator Interpreter (DFI) is a knowledge-based distributed problem-solving architecture which models participants of processes as computerized agents. In the DFI system, the agents work cooperatively on a problem, each reasoning from its own specific viewpoint. The goal is to coordinate the agents’ problem-solving actions, utilizing both unique and shared agent knowledge, in a way that produces a better solution than if each agent worked alone without any knowledge of another agent. As an application, the DFI system attempts to address the lack of interaction among structural designers, fabricators and erectors in designing connections of structural members in buildings. During the connection evaluation process, agents reason from their viewpoints and propose alternative connections for consideration. This process may require agents to negotiate among themselves when they have differing views. If they cannot resolve their problems, an arbitrator agent is enlisted to help the conflicting agents reach an agreement.
Electron hole condensate radiation from Ge double injection devices between 1.5° and 4.2°☆

Abstract Carrier injection in Ge at helium temperatures produces radiation characteristic of the electron hole condensate. Time resolved spectra are used to analyze the presence of both condensate and free exciton radiation at high power levels. Device heating is indicated.
Spousal concordance for substance use and anxiety disorders.

Abstract Assortative mating – the tendency for mate selection to occur on the basis of similar traits – plays an essential role in understanding the genetic contribution to psychiatric illness. It also carries significant impact on clinical prognosis and is an important mechanism explaining spousal concordance. This study uses a family study design ascertaining 225 probands with substance abuse/dependence, anxiety disorders, and controls to address: (1) Is there spousal concordance or cross-concordance for substance use and/or anxiety disorders? (2) Is the spousal concordance or cross-concordance associated with worse clinical outcomes? (3) What is the mechanism of the concordance or cross-concordance? Results show a high magnitude of spousal concordance for substance use disorders with a third of the substance probands’ spouses also substance dependent. In contrast, there was no spousal concordance for anxiety disorders. Couples were also concordant for having “no disorders.” Both substance use and anxiety disorder concordance were associated with poorer global functioning and persistent illness. Assortative mating is a likely mechanism for spousal concordance given the elevated rate of substance use disorders among the relatives of spouses’ of substance probands. Implications for family/genetic studies and the transmission of substance use disorders and “no disorders” include: (1) at the individual level, spousal concordance influences probands’ course of illness, couples’ marital functioning, and offspring’s genetic and environmental context; and (2) at the population level, it shifts the general distribution of substance use disorders and “no disorders” by reducing the “average” couple concordance and increasing the number concordant and discordant couples at extremes of the distribution.
Fluorescent Conjugated Polymers That Incorporate Substituted 2,1,3-Benzooxadiazole and 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole Units

Heterocyclic monomers based on 2,1,3-benzooxadiazole and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole bearing solubilizing side chains have been synthesized in high yields over three steps from readily available starting materials. The monomers are efficiently cross-coupled with diynes and bis(boronates) to afford high molecular weight luminescent poly(arylene ethynylene)s and polyfluorenes that exhibit red-shifted absorption and emission maxima, greater solubility, and reduced aggregation.
Pityriasis rosea: An important papulosquamous disorder

Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a mild, self-limited skin disease of unknown etiology. Viral and bacterial causes have been considered as possible causes. Pityriasis rosea typically affects children and young adults. It is characterized by an initial herald patch, followed by the development of salmon-pink scaly macules which, when localized to the trunk, form along Langer's lines of cleavage. Pityriasis rosea may be difficult to diagnose until the appearance of these characteristic smaller secondary lesions. Several medications can cause a rash similar to PR. Pityriasis rosea must be distinguished from several diseases, including secondary syphilis. The treatment of PR is usually symptomatic.
Electronic Commerce Travel: A Case Study in Information Technology Use, Market Flexibility, Adaptability, and Diversification

The case study describes a small travel company that conducts business exclusively on the Internet. The case elucidates the many problems that the company faced as it tried to survive in a turbulent environment. Survival hinged on the companyâ€™s ability to strategically and tactically execute a business plan based on the technical acumen, loyalty, and hard work of its small group of talented people. The technical alternatives are described and explained within the context of a travel company seeking to use and develop new technology to improve productivity and increase profits. Additionally, the strategic need for market flexibility, adaptability, and diversification, especially in times of unexpected events and or problems, are examined. Finally, the companyâ€™s process for controlling costs are identified and explored.
Studies on trypsin-modified bovine and human lens acylpeptide hydrolase.

Acylpeptide hydrolase removes the N -acetylated amino acids from the peptide substrates but not from intact proteins. Cleavage between amino acid residues 203--204 of the native acylpeptide hydrolase results in the formation of a 55 kDa truncated active enzyme in the bovine lens, in vivo. In this study we explored the hydrolytic properties of the truncated enzyme using lens beta- and gamma-crystallins as substrates. SDS--PAGE analysis indicated that the beta B2-crystallin was cleaved by truncated acylpeptide hydrolase into several protein fragments (10--26 kDa). No cleavage of the gamma-crystallins was observed under similar conditions. Both the acylpeptide hydrolase activity and the protease activity of the 55 kDa enzyme were completely inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, p -chloromercuribenzoate and ebelactone, and moderately inhibited by N -tosyl phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone. SDS--PAGE analysis followed by fluorography of ((3)H) diisopropylfluorophosphate labeled human lens acylpeptide hydrolase preparation showed the presence of the 55 kDa truncated form of the enzyme, as observed in the bovine lens. The peptide (d)-AIKGDQFL-NH(2)--the amino acid sequence 200--207 of the native bovine acylpeptide hydrolase with an in vivo cleavage site of native protein--was hydrolysed by the lens protease(s) suggesting that the in vivo generation of the 55 kDa acylpeptide hydrolase may be mediated through a proteolytic processing. The protease(s) responsible for the cleavage of this peptide was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and p -chloromercuribenzoate.
CMOS — The emerging VLSI technology

The recent evolution in CMOS as the emerging very-large-scale-integrated (VLSI) circuit technology is reviewed. Various CMOS technologies and their impact on circuit performance and reliability are discussed and compared in generic and special circuit applications. Key issues in CMOS scaling, such as hot-electron effects, buried-channel characteristics, latchup, and isolation requirements, are briefly described. State-of-the-art CMOS design rules are also addressed. Future trends of CMOS technology development in VLSI circuits are discussed.
On the maximum quasi-clique problem

Given a simple undirected graph G=(V,E) and a constant @[email protected]?(0,1), a subset of vertices is called a @c-quasi-clique or, simply, a @c-clique if it induces a subgraph with the edge density of at least @c. The maximum @c-clique problem consists in finding a @c-clique of largest cardinality in the graph. Despite numerous practical applications, this problem has not been rigorously studied from the mathematical perspective, and no exact solution methods have been proposed in the literature. This paper, for the first time, establishes some fundamental properties of the maximum @c-clique problem, including the NP-completeness of its decision version for any fixed @c satisfying 0<@c<1, the quasi-heredity property, and analytical upper bounds on the size of a maximum @c-clique. Moreover, mathematical programming formulations of the problem are proposed and results of preliminary numerical experiments using a state-of-the-art optimization solver to find exact solutions are presented.
Estimating the Depth of the Daytime Convective Boundary Layer

Abstract Three in-situ and five remote sensing techniques for measuring the height of the daytime convective boundary layer were compared. There was, as a rule, good agreement between the different systems when the capping inversion was steep and well defined, and some variability when the stratification was not so sharply defined. Two indirect methods for estimating boundary-layer heights from the length scales of convective motions in the layer are also discussed.
POSTERIOR GLOTTIC STENOSIS AND BILATERAL VOCAL FOLD IMMOBILITY: Diagnosis and Treatment

Bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI) is a condition in which both vocal folds are unable to move volitionally. They tend to rest in a median or paramedian position, thereby causing obstruction of the airway at the level of the glottis. The vocal folds may be immobile because of paralysis of the intrinsic laryngeal musculature or mechanical fixation in a neurologically intact larynx. Posterior glottic stenosis (PGS) is a narrowing of the airway at the posterior aspect of the glottic space. There is usually scar tissue in this region and often impairment of the mobility of one or both arytenoid cartilages. Because PGS and BVFI often present and are treated in similar manners, both conditions are discussed together in this article. The approach to these problems is to determine the cause of the problem and to treat the airway obstruction if symptomatic. The choice of therapeutic approach depends on the cause and the severity of the condition.
The Role of Price in the Behavior and Purchase Decisions of Compulsive Buyers

Abstract The present research examines the relationship between consumers’ tendencies to buy compulsively and their response to price based on a survey of customers of an Internet clothing retailer. The research findings suggest that compulsive buyers possess greater knowledge of store prices and are more brand conscious and prestige sensitive in comparison with non-compulsive buyers. Moreover, compulsive buyers derive greater transaction value from price promotions and are more price conscious and sale prone than non-compulsive buyers.
A comparison of microbody membranes with microsomes and mitochondria from plant and animal tissue

Abstract Microbodies (peroxisomes and glyoxysomes), mitochondria, and microsomes from rat liver, dog kidney, spinach leaves sunflower cotyledons, and castor bean endosperm were isolated by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation. The microbody-limiting membrane and microsomes each contained NADH-cytochrome c reductase and had a similar phospholipid composition. NADH-cytochrome c reductase from plant and animal microbodies and microsomes was insensitive to antimycin A, which inhibited the activity in the mitochondrial fractions. The pH optima of cytochrome c reductase in plant microbodies and microsomes was 7.5–9.0, which was 2 pH units higher than the optima for the mitochondrial form of the enzyme. The activity in animal organelles exhibited a broad pH optimum between pH 6 and 9. Rat liver peroxisomes retained cytochrome c reductase activity, when diluted with water, KCl, or EDTA solutions and reisolated. Cytochrome c reductase activity of microbodies was lost upon disruption by digitonin or Triton X-100, but other peroxisomal enzymes of the matrix were not destroyed. The microbody fraction from each tissue also contained a small amount of NADH-cytochrome b 5 reductase activity. Peroxisomes from spinach leaves were broken by osmotic shock and particles from rat liver by diluting in alkaline pyrophosphate. Upon recentrifugation liver peroxisomes yielded a core fraction containing urate oxidase at a sucrose gradient density of 1.23 g × cm −3 , a membrane fraction at 1.17 g × cm −3 containing NADH-cytochrome c reductase, and soluble matrix enzymes at the top of the gradient. Relative to other organelles the microbodies had a very low level of phospholipid (0.03–0.09 mg per mg protein). Phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidyl serine were found in all organelle fractions. The percentage of each phospholipid in isolated microbodies from rat liver or spinach leaves was similar in the microbodies and microsomes. Glyoxysomes from germinating castor beans contained little phosphatidyl serine but rather an unidentified phospholipid. From spinach leaves the microsomes contained much phosphatidyl serine and the mitochondria had a significant amount of cardiolipin.
Reversible inhibition of DNA synthesis by the arginine analogue canavanine in hamster and mouse cells in vitro

Abstract The reversible inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse and hamster cells in vitro by l -canavanine, a structural analogue of l -arginine, is described. Inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis also occurs. Several lines of evidence are presented which support the concept that the inhibition of DNA synthesis is the result of the synthesis of an abnormal canavanylprotein required for DNA synthesis rather than a general, nonspecific inhibition of either RNA or protein synthesis.
The LBL/UCSB 76Ge Double Beta Decay Experiment: First Results

A paper given at the IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium last year presented the scientific justification for this experiment and discussed the design of the detector system. At the present time two of the dual detector systems (i.e., four out of a final total of eight detectors) are operating in the complete active/ passive shield in the low background laboratory at LBL. Early results (1620 hrs) of an experiment using two detectors yield a limit of 4 × 1022 years (68% confidence) for the half life of the neutrinoless double beta decay (sso?) of 76Ge. Although this experiment was carried out above ground, the result approaches those achieved by other groups in deep underground laboratories. Based on studies of the origins of background in our system, we hope to reach a limit of 3 × 1023 years (or more) in a two month/ four detector experiment to be carried out soon in an underground facility.
Elevated thymocyte norepinephrine and cyclic guanosine 3',5' monophosphate in T-lymphocytes from exercised mice with coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis

Abstract On the ninth day after coxsackievirus B3 infection in adolescent ICR Swiss mice, norepinephrine levels in the thymus in infected-swum mice (Group III) were significantly greater than those in infected (Group II) but not exercised controls. Similarly, levels of thymocyte cyclic 3′,5′ guanosine monophosphate were elevated. After isoproterenol, thymocytes from exercised, healthy, uninfected mice (Group IV) generated enhanced levels of cyclic 3′,5′ adenosine monophosphate, but beta stimulated thymocytes from mice in Group III fail to raise levels of cyclic 3′,5′ adenosine monophosphate. Rises in T-lymphocyte norepinephrine and cyclic 3′,5′ guanosine monophosphate accompany a concomitant decrease in cyclic 3′,5′ adenosine monophosphate in CB3-infected and swum mice.
Field expressions for a circular loop antenna in terms of a new set of functions

An exact expression for the fields produced by an electrically small loop antenna is obtained in terms of a series involving a new set of functions, namely en(σ,γ)=(1/2π)∫02πcos(nΦ)sin[σ(1−2γcosΦ)1/2]dΦ and fn(σ,γ)=(1/2π)×∫02πcos(nΦ)cos[σ(1−2γcosΦ)1/2]dΦ, where − ∞<σ<∞ and 0≤γ≤1/2. Series expansion, approximate expressions for γ2σ≪1 and recursion relations for the functions are derived. These functions permit the exact evaluation of the fields in the Fresnel and near‐field regions of the loop antenna. In the case that the distance to the point of observation is of the order of a wavelength or greater, but greater than the loop radius, the field expression is given in terms of the function q1(σ,γ) = f1(σ,γ) + ie1(σ,γ). Numerical results describing the behavior of the functions f1(σ,γ) and e1(σ,γ) are given. Field expressions for the electrically large loop antenna are also derived.
A Revision of the New Zealand Endemic Rove Beetle Genus Agnosthaetus Bernhauer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

ABSTRACT The New Zealand endemic rove beetle genus Agnosthaetus Bernhauer, 1939 is revised. Thirty-four species are recognized and the following 28 new species are described: Agnosthaetus chiasma Clarke, Agnosthaetus rodmani Clarke, Agnosthaetus falx Clarke, Agnosthaetus stenomastax Clarke, Agnosthaetus heteromastax Clarke, Agnosthaetus tumidus Clarke, Agnosthaetus aequalis Clarke, Agnosthaetus akatarawa Clarke, Agnosthaetus zonatus Clarke, Agnosthaetus bicolor Clarke, Agnosthaetus impressus Clarke, Agnosthaetus nitidus Clarke, Agnosthaetus leviceps Clarke, Agnosthaetus ecarinatus Clarke, Agnosthaetus imitator Clarke, Agnosthaetus aorangi Clarke, Agnosthaetus orongo Clarke, Agnosthaetus minutus Clarke, Agnosthaetus lanceolatus Clarke, Agnosthaetus kaikoura Clarke, Agnosthaetus thayerae Clarke, Agnosthaetus newtoni Clarke, Agnosthaetus truncatus Clarke, Agnosthaetus sculptus Clarke, Agnosthaetus nunni Clarke, Agnosthaetus carnelius Clarke, Agnosthaetus enigmus Clarke, and Agnosthaetus affinis Clarke. Agnos...
Electroproduction of π 0 Mesons via the Primakoff Effect

We discuss the electroproduction of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ mesons via the Primakoff process $(e+\mathrm{nucleus})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(e+\mathrm{nucleus}+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})$ where an off-mass-shell photon interacts with the Coulomb field of the nucleus to produce a ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ meson. Unlike the Dalitz pair decay of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$, e.g., ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, here the exchanged photon can have a comparatively large four-momentum square ($|{k}^{2}|$) and can be controlled by the electron energy and the scattering angle. This process can thus be a direct means for measuring the momentum dependence of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coupling when the photons are off-mass-shell. We have plotted the differential Primakoff electroproduction cross section for different values of ${k}^{2}$ for the case when the momentum dependence of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coupling is neglected, i.e., we have used the value for the coupling constant obtained from the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decay. We have considered two representative target materials corresponding roughly to hydrogen and lead. The dependence of the cross section on the angles made by the outgoing pion (${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\pi}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\pi}}$) and on the electromagnetic form factor is also discussed in some detail. The Primakoff electroproduction peak occurs at an angle ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{E}=\frac{(|{k}^{2}|+{{m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{2})}{2{{E}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{2}}$ with respect to the virtual-photon direction and the cross section has a unique ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\pi}}$ dependence of the form ${C}_{1}({C}_{2}+{sin}^{2}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\pi}})$. Finally, the contributions of the background processes are discussed. Important among these are coherent electro-nuclear and bremsstrahlung production of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ mesons. We have estimated the coherent background by using the Weizs\"acker-Williams approximation procedure and found its contribution at the position of the Primakoff electroproduction peak to be small as long as $\frac{|{k}^{2}|}{{{E}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{2}}$ is small. The main bremsstrahlung ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ peak (Primakoff peak) would be in the very forward direction and would not interfere with the Primakoff electroproduction peak. Also the coherent bremsstrahlung background contribution can be resolved by a suitable choice of the kinematics.
GAP-43-Immunoreactive Nerve Fibers in the Rat Pituitary: Modulation after 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Degeneration and Regeneration

This study demonstrates the presence of the growth-associated protein, GAP-43, in nerve fibers innervating the adult rat neurointermediate pituitary. Previous studies demonstrated that innervation to the proopiomelanocortin cells of the intermediate pituitary could undergo degeneration after chemical denervation with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), followed by recovery/regeneration of terminals 3 to 4 weeks after drug treatment. Here, we investigated the modulation of GAP-43 levels following chemical denervation of the pituitary. For these studies, pituitary tissue sections were stained with antibody to GAP-43 and analyzed by light and electron microscopic techniques. Using these methods for immunolocalization of GAP-43, staining was observed only in nerve fibers of the intermediate and neural lobes. Additional groups of animals were studied for GAP-43 protein content in the pituitary. One week after 6-OHDA injections to adult male rats, reduced amounts of GAP-43 were observed by Western blot analysis, compared to control tissue, and sections showed little or no immunostaining in the intermediate lobe after exposure to the drug. Three weeks after drug treatment, the levels of GAP-43 were closer to controls by Western blot analysis, in agreement with the reinnervation of the pituitary as seen in immunostained sections. The loss of GAP-43 immunostaining from denervated tissue, followed by its recovery during reinnervation, supports the hypothesis that nerve fibers innervating this adult neuroendecrine area are capable of undergoing synaptic plasticity.
Community Action: Lessons from Forty Years of Federal Funding, Anti-Poverty Strategies, and Participation of the Poor

Since 1964, community action has been funded by the federal government to fight poverty at the local level. Its extensive network of Community Action Agencies (CAAs) is a long-standing example of p...
The relationship between obstetricians’ cognitive and affective traits and their patients’ delivery outcomes

Objective The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between physician coping skills, need for cognition, tolerance of ambiguity, and anxiety and their patients' mode of delivery. Study Design Ninety-four obstetricians were surveyed using 5 standardized psychometric scales: Reflective Coping, Proactive Coping, Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance-II, Need for Cognition (measures learner motivation and engagement in cognitive efforts), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Psychometric test scores were analyzed by quartile. Data regarding route of delivery were collected on 3488 nulliparous, term, cephalic, nonanomalous singleton deliveries performed by participating physicians. χ 2 tests and random-effects logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between the obstetrician cognitive traits and type of delivery. Results Sixty-one percent of the women were delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery, 15.5% by operative vaginal delivery, and 23.5% by cesarean delivery. Random-effects multivariable logistic regression adjusting for patient characteristics demonstrated that physicians with the most reflective coping (ie, highest quartile) were significantly less likely (adjusted odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.98) to perform operative vaginal delivery. However, lower anxiety and higher ambiguity tolerance were associated with an increased risk of chorioamnionitis and postpartum hemorrhage, respectively. There were no identified differences in adverse neonatal outcomes by physician cognitive or affective traits. Conclusion There is a decreased risk of operative vaginal delivery for patients delivered by providers with better adaptive decision-making traits. Other cognitive and affective traits were associated with a greater chance of chorioamnionitis and hemorrhage. Further work is required to elucidate whether training in these cognitive and affective traits can alter obstetric outcomes.
Effects of moderate electrothermal treatments on juice yield from cellular tissue

Abstract Ohmic and microwave heating were employed to investigate electro-thermal effects on apple juice yield by preheating apple samples to 40 or 50 °C. Cylindrical raw and pretreated samples from fresh apple were wrapped in a non-absorbent cloth and pressed to produce juice. Data on juice yield and applied force were recorded and compared with the raw material. The results showed that apple juice yield was strongly improved by both thermal pretreatments, and pretreated samples showed less resistance during extraction. The thermal effect of ohmic pretreatment on juice yield increased with the pretreatment temperature, while for microwave pretreatment, the low pretreatment temperature resulted in high juice yield. Ohmic heating as a pretreatment increased juice yield and required less input work, compared to microwave heating; thus frequency might play a major role in this effect. The thermal effect difference could be due to increased migration of cellular moisture during ohmic pretreatment. These observations indicate ohmic pretreatment has the potential to enhance juice yield and save energy.
HMGB1 is a bone-active cytokine

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a chromatin protein that acts as an immunomodulatory cytokine upon active release from myeloid cells. HMGB1 is also an alarmin, an endogenous molecule released by dying cells that acts to initiate tissue repair. We have previously reported that osteoclasts and osteoblasts release HMGB1 and release by the latter is regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH), an agent of bone remodeling. A recent study suggests that HMGB1 acts as a chemotactic agent to osteoclasts and osteoblasts during endochondral ossification. To explore the potential impact of HMGB1 in the bone microenvironment and its mechanism of release by osseous cells, we characterized the effects of recombinant protein (rHMGB1) on multiple murine bone cell preparations that together exhibit the various cell phenotypes present in bone. We also inquired whether apoptotic bone cells release HMGB1. rHMGB1 enhanced the RANKL/OPG steady state mRNA ratio and dramatically augmented the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-6 (IL6) in osteoblastogenic bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) cultures but not in the calvarial-derived MC3T3-E1 cells. Interestingly, rHMGB1 promoted GSK-3beta phosphorylation in MC3T3-E1 cells but not in BMSCs. Apoptotic bone cells released HMGB1, including MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells. MLO-Y4 release of HMGB1 was coincident with caspase-3 cleavage. Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic action of PTH on MC3T3-E1 cells correlated with the observed decrease in HMGB1 release. Our data suggest that apoptotic bone cells release HMGB1, that within the marrow HMGB1 is a bone resorption signal, and that intramembraneous and endochondral osteoblasts exhibit differential responses to this cytokine.
Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Cefamandole in the Therapy of Haemophilus spp. Bronchopulmonary Infections

Abstract A prospective, randomized, single-blind comparison of parenteral cefamandole and ampicillin was conducted in 27 hospitalized adult patients with pneumonia or purulent tracheobronchitis due to Haemophilus spp. Patients received either parenteral cefamandole or ampicillin in a dose of 1 g every 6 h. Cefamandole was as effective and safe as ampicillin. Of the 14 patients treated with cefamandole, 13 were considered cured, as were 12 of the 13 treated with ampicillin. One patient in each treatment group improved clinically but did not clear his sputum of Haemophilus spp. One patient treated with cefamandole had a recurrence of Haemophilus spp. bronchitis 9 days after cure. Adverse effects were more common in the cefamandole-treated group (50% versus 15%), but were mild and did not require discontinuation of therapy in any patient. The in vitro susceptibilities of 64 clinical isolates of Haemophilus spp. to 10 antibiotics were determined. Cefamandole was the most active of the cephalosporin-cephamycin antibiotics tested, inhibiting 98% of 61 non–beta–lactamase–producing isolates at 2 μg/ml and 100% at 4 μg/ml. Cefamandole inhibited the three ampicillin-resistant isolates at 2 μg/ml or less. Cephapirin, cefoxitin, and cephalothin were the next most active, whereas cefazolin and cephradine were the least active.
Site-Specific vs Specific Adsorption of Anions on Pt and Pt-Based Alloys

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is utilized in situ to gain new insights into the electronic and chemical interactions of anions specifically adsorbed on Pt/C. A novel difference methodology was utilized, along with full-multiple scattering calculations using the FEFF8 code, to interpret the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). Significant direct contact (“specific”) anion adsorption occurs in 1 M H2SO4 and 6 M TFMSA, while it does not in 1 M HClO4 and 1 M TFMSA. This specific anion adsorption significantly hinders O(H) chemisorption, particularly formation of subsurface O, causes the Pt nanoparticle to become more round, and weakens the Pt−Pt bonding at the surface. The specific anion adsorption becomes site-specific only after lateral interactions from other chemisorbed species such as OH on the surface force the anions to adsorb into specific sites. Alloying has a profound effect on the strength of the anion adsorption and whether site-specific or just specific adsorption occurs.
Exercise testing determines survival in patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease evaluated for lung transplantation

Summary Study objectives Diffuse parenchymal lung disease is associated with a high risk of mortality despite early referral and listing for lung transplantation. We hypothesized that cardiopulmonary exercise test results and the distance walked in 6min (6MWTD) would be associated with survival in patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease referred for lung transplantation. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary care center. Patients We included 51 consecutive patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease who underwent exercise testing after referral to the Lung Transplant Program at the New York Presbyterian Hospital between January 2000 and December 2002. Thirty-three patients were listed, and 7 underwent transplantation during the study period. There were 17 deaths with 1 death post-transplantation. Results A 6MWTD P = 0.009 ). Oxygen saturation with unloaded exercise (HR= 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.98, P = 0.015 ) and oxygen consumption at peak exercise adjusted for weight (HR= 0.88, 95% CI 0.79–0.99, P = 0.039 ) were also associated with the risk of death. A patient with oxygen saturation Conclusions Cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters and the 6MWTD were associated with the risk of death. Measures during exercise may be useful for determination of prognosis and for prioritizing patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease for lung transplantation.
Inhibition of active K+ transport in the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) midgut after ingestion of Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin

The effect of Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin after ingestion on the K+ transport of Manduca sexta midgut is described. Direct measurements of short circuit current and transepithelial potential demonstrate that the transport is inhibited at the end of 1 hr with many of the insects exhibiting both negative short circuit current and transepithelial potential by the end of a 4-hr ingestion period.