cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the 16th ACM/IEEE-CS on Joint Conference on Digital Libraries

Welcome to the 2016 ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. Our conference theme is Big Libraries, Big Data, Big Innovation. We invited submissions that proposed new access methods for DLs, developed technologies for analyzing holdings, and reported on innovative uses of DLs for discovery and exploration in science, art, and the humanities. This year's technical program will feature 27 research papers, to be presented in 7 sessions, with topics ranging from Wikipedia and Newspaper Analysis to Curation and Education to Recommendation and Prediction. We will also host two panel sessions, Issues of Dealing with Fluid Data in Digital Libraries and Preserving Born-Digital News. We received a number of high-quality paper submissions with authors from 18 countries around the world. Each paper was read and rated by at least 3 reviewers and a meta-reviewer. All papers were discussed at the Program Committee meeting held in Austin, Texas, where the final slate of accepted papers was determined. We accepted 15 full papers out of the 52 submissions (29% acceptance rate) and 12 short papers out of the 34 submissions (35% acceptance rate). In addition to papers, we accepted 39 posters and demos in two rounds of submissions; this year with an added round to allow authors who submitted earlier a "second chance" to convert longer submissions into poster form or to present later-breaking work. The 39 posters and demos will be presented on the first night of the conference (Monday) and will be preceded by the popular "Minute Madness" session. During the poster and demo session, attendees will be invited to vote for the Best Poster/Demo Award. At our Tuesday night banquet, we will present the Vannevar Bush Best Paper Award and the Best Student Paper Award. Here are the nominees for the best paper awards: "Low-cost semantic enhancement to Digital Library metadata and indexing: Simple yet effective strategies", Annika Hinze, David Bainbridge, Sally Jo Cunningham, and J. Stephen Downie "ArchiveSpark: Efficient Web Archive Access, Extraction and Derivation", Helge Holzmann, Vinay Goel, and Avishek Anand - also nominated for Best Student Paper "Digital History Meets Wikipedia: Analyzing Historical Persons in Wikipedia", Adam Jatowt, Daisuke Kawai, and Katsumi Tanaka "Comparing Published Scientific Journal Articles to Their Pre-print Versions", Martin Klein, Peter Broadwell, Sharon Farb, and Todd Grappone "Evaluating the Quality of Educational Answers in Community Question-Answering", Long Le, Chirag Shah, and Erik Choi - also nominated for Best Student Paper
Scene Matching-based Localization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Unstructured Environments

In this paper, we study the feasibility and performance of scene matching-based localization of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in an unstructured and ambiguous environment. Using a sequence of real time image input and a georeferenced image dataset, we consider a system that combines image similarity evaluation with particle filtering to enable vision- based localization. Through empirical experiments based on aerial imagery of the uninhabited Mitrofania island in Alaska, we present performance and robustness analysis for scene- matching based localization in a perceptually degraded and ambiguous environment.
A Method of Scaling for Ship-Ice Model Tests

A dimensional analysis of the problem of vessels transiting level continuous ice is presented. Resistance is divided into components and each analyzed to identify dimensionless terms relevant to the individual component. These expressions provide a framework for scaling ship-ice model test results. A workable subset of scaling requirements for a three component division of the problem is derived from the general case. Some experimental results are presented demonstrating the utility of the method. It is shown that it may be possible to compensate for poor scaling in ice properties by scaling each component based on its own law of similitude.
Subsampling Mismatch Noise Cancellation for High-Speed Continuous-Time DACs

Clock skew and component mismatches in continuous-time DACs introduce two types of error: static error and dynamic error. Both types of error typically limit the performance of practical, high-resolution, and continuous-time DACs, but most prior calibration techniques primarily reduce only static error. An exception is a recently published mismatch noise cancellation (MNC) technique that adaptively measures and cancels both types of error over the DAC’s first Nyquist band. However, a disadvantage of the technique is that it requires an oversampling ADC that operates at several times the DAC’s Nyquist rate to prevent convergence error that would otherwise be caused by aliasing. This paper presents a sub-sampling version of the MNC technique that avoids this limitation at the expense of a lower calibration convergence rate. As proven in the paper, the subsampling MNC technique allows aliasing to occur, but in such a way that convergence error is avoided.
Eating Behaviors and Dietary Intakes of Older Adults: What We Eat in America, NHANES 2015–2016 (FS02-07-19)

It is estimated that the number of older individuals in the U.S. will nearly double between 2020 and 2050 to over 80 million. This research examines eating behaviors and dietary intakes of older adults. Nationally representative day 1 dietary data from 1684 adults ages 60+ participating in What We Eat in America (WWEIA), NHANES 2015–2016 were analyzed to estimate eating pattern behaviors and dietary intakes. The interviewer-administered 5-step USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM) was used to collect the 24-hour dietary recall. The WWEIA Food Categories were used to estimate the percentage who consumed vegetables or fruits. The Food Patterns Equivalents Database (FPED) was used to calculate added sugars intake. On any given day, almost all older adults reported eating breakfast (92%) and dinner (94%) and fewer ate lunch (78%); two-thirds reported all three meals. Snacks were consumed by 94%, most commonly 3 to 4 times per day, and provided 20% of daily mean energy intake. In relation to energy, snacks provided more of the daily intakes of caffeine (33%), total sugar (32%), carbohydrates (23%), and calcium (21%). More than 2/3 of older adults consumed a vegetable, 1/3 of which were white potatoes, such as French fried, mashed, or baked potatoes. A fruit was reported by just over half of older adults, the most common being bananas (16%), followed by apples (12%), berries (11%), citrus (9%), melons (8%), and grapes (5%). Four out of ten older adults consumed at least one food or beverage from a restaurant and among these individuals, intake at restaurants provided 42% of their daily energy intake and about half of daily intakes of fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium. Mean daily intakes of added sugars and saturated fat each provided 12% of daily energy intake, exceeding the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations of less than 10% of calories per day from each, as did sodium with mean daily intake of 3091 mg, exceeding the recommendation of less than 2300 mg. With the number and proportion of older adults increasing in the U.S., understanding their eating behaviors and dietary intakes can inform strategies for well-being during this life stage. USDA, Agricultural Research Service.
Decomposed optimization time integrator for large-step elastodynamics

Simulation methods are rapidly advancing the accuracy, consistency and controllability of elastodynamic modeling and animation. Critical to these advances, we require efficient time step solvers that reliably solve all implicit time integration problems for elastica. While available time step solvers succeed admirably in some regimes, they become impractically slow, inaccurate, unstable, or even divergent in others --- as we show here. Towards addressing these needs we present the Decomposed Optimization Time Integrator (DOT), a new domain-decomposed optimization method for solving the per time step, nonlinear problems of implicit numerical time integration. DOT is especially suitable for large time step simulations of deformable bodies with nonlinear materials and high-speed dynamics. It is efficient, automated, and robust at large, fixed-size time steps, thus ensuring stable, continued progress of high-quality simulation output. Across a broad range of extreme and mild deformation dynamics, using frame-rate size time steps with widely varying object shapes and mesh resolutions, we show that DOT always converges to user-set tolerances, generally well-exceeding and always close to the best wall-clock times across all previous nonlinear time step solvers, irrespective of the deformation applied.
The Therapeutic Relationship

It is the rare student of therapy who would disagree with the notion that the interactive or interpersonal aspect of psychotherapy is critical at the levels of theory, observation, clinical understanding, and intervention. Yet, just as we currently lack a unified model of pathology or intervention, we miss a common and open construal of the meaning, process, and utility of the therapeutic relationship.
Auction Market Design: Recent Innovations

Market design applies economic principles to the often messy problems of real-world exchange in which goods may not be homogeneous, the identities of trading partners may matter, contracts may not ...
Loss of ARID1A expression is associated with DNA mismatch repair protein deficiency and favorable prognosis in advanced stage surgically resected esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Summary Esophageal adenocarcinoma often presents at an advanced stage and has a dismal prognosis. Current prognostic markers have limited utility. ARID1A is implicated as a tumor suppressor gene in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Loss of ARID1A expression correlates with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein deficiency in other tumors. We hypothesized that ARID1A loss is associated with prognosis and DNA MMR protein deficiency in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Tissue microarrays representing 316 surgically resected esophageal adenocarcinomas without neoadjuvant treatment were evaluated for ARID1A and MMR proteins by immunohistochemistry. Loss of ARID1A expression (ARID1A-loss) was detected in 41 of 316 (13%) adenocarcinomas. MMR deficiency was identified in 5% (17/316) but was detected more frequently in ARID1A-loss adenocarcinomas (13/41, 32%) than in ARID1A-retained adenocarcinomas (4/275, 1%; P
Aerogami: Composite origami structures as active aerodynamic Ccontrol

Abstract This study explores the use of origami composite structures as active aerodynamic control surfaces. Towards this goal, two origami concepts were designed leveraging a combination of analytical and finite element modeling, and computational fluid dynamics simulations. Wind tunnel tests were performed at different dynamic pressures in conjunction with two different active control laws to test the capability of obtaining desired drag values. The experiments revealed excellent structural rigidity and folding characteristics under aerodynamic loading. These results are in very good agreement with one-way Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) simulations, which show the potential of using high-fidelity modeling for the design and optimization of these structures. Future work will focus on developing advanced origami designs that allow for more deterministic folding as well as improved weight, stiffness, and fatigue characteristics in the use of materials.
The Trouble with Animal Models in Brain Research

This chapter focuses on two problems, or “troubles,” with animal models used in neuroscientific research: the failure of many animal models to yield useful and beneficial information and the ethical dilemma built into claims about the similarity-based usefulness of an animal model, which is especially acute in the context of brain-related research. There are well-documented problems with validity and reproducibility, resulting in the failure of animal research to translate to humans. This chapter will focus in particular on the well-known and well-studied failure of animal models in stroke research. The essentially Utilitarian cost/benefit claim that human benefits justify harms to animals in research is threatened if those benefits consistently fail to materialize and, indeed, if there is the potential for significant harm to humans, including opportunity costs, wasted resources, and risks to human research subjects. An honest reckoning of the costs, harms, and benefits of animal research is unlikely to support the status quo because very little research will be useful or needed, and thus very little will be ethically justifiable.
Systematic failure to operate on colorectal cancer liver metastases in California.

Background Despite evidence that liver resection improves survival in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) and may be potentially curative, there are no population-level data examining utilization and predictors of liver resection in the United States. Methods This is a population-based cross-sectional study. We abstracted data on patients with synchronous CRCLM using California Cancer Registry from 2000 to 2012 and linked the records to the Office of Statewide Health Planning Inpatient Database. Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) was used to map liver resection rates to California counties. Patient- and hospital-level predictors were determined using mixed-effects logistic regression. Results Of the 24 828 patients diagnosed with stage-IV colorectal cancer, 16 382 (70%) had synchronous CRCLM. Overall liver resection rate for synchronous CRCLM was 10% (county resection rates ranging from 0% to 33%) with no improvement over time. There was no correlation between county incidence of synchronous CRCLM and rate of resection (R2 = .0005). On multivariable analysis, sociodemographic and treatment-initiating-facility characteristics were independently associated with receipt of liver resection after controlling for patient disease- and comorbidity-related factors. For instance, odds of liver resection decreased in patients with black race (OR 0.75 vs white) and Medicaid insurance (OR 0.62 vs private/PPO); but increased with initial treatment at NCI hospital (OR 1.69 vs Non-NCI hospital), or a high volume (10 + cases/year) (OR 1.40 vs low volume) liver surgery hospital. Conclusion In this population-based study, only 10% of patients with liver metastases underwent liver resection. Furthermore, the study identifies wide variations and significant population-level disparities in the utilization of liver resection for CRCLM in California.
Higher Institutional Volume Reduces Mortality in Reoperative Proximal Thoracic Aortic Surgery.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the impact of institutional volume on mortality in reoperative proximal thoracic aortic surgery patients using national outcomes data. METHODS The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried from 1998 to 2011 for patients with diagnoses of thoracic aneurysm and/or dissection who underwent open mediastinal repair. A total of 103,860 patients were identified. A total of 1,430 patients had prior cardiac surgery. Patients were further stratified into groups by institutional aortic volume: low (<12 cases/year), medium (12-39 cases/year), and high (40+ cases/year) volume. Multivariable risk-adjusted analysis accounting for emergent status and aortic dissection among other factors was performed to determine the impact of institutional volume on mortality. RESULTS Overall mortality was 12% in the reoperative population. When the redo cohort was divided into tertiles, high-volume group had a 5% operative mortality compared with 9 and 15% for the medium- and low-volume groups, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that patients operated on at low- (odds ratio [OR] = 5.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6-9.6, p < 0.001) and medium-volume centers (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-4.2, p = 0.03) had higher odds of mortality when compared with patients operated on at high-volume centers. CONCLUSIONS High-volume aortic centers can significantly reduce mortality for reoperative aortic surgery, compared with lower volume institutions.
High-fidelity stochastic modeling of carbon black-based conductive polymer composites for strain and fatigue sensing

The research presented in this paper aims to improve on the accuracy and computational efficiency of previously reported stochastic models for predicting the electromechanical properties of conductive polymer composite (CPC) materials with nanoparticle constituents. The proposed approach provides a means of quantifying the degree of particle dispersion in a mixture—a parameter that is most often reported as qualitative- and process-specific. CPC-based sensors have recently garnered attention in the field of structural health monitoring due to their atomic similarities with composite materials that are an increasingly popular commodity among numerous industries. In this study, CPCs composed of carbon black nanoparticles and phenolic-based resin epoxy are manufactured and characterized both experimentally and via computational methods. A high-fidelity stochastic modeling solution is proposed to estimate electromechanical properties of such CPCs. Qualitative analysis on the fidelity of the stochastic model is demonstrated. The potential uses for the model and validation techniques are discussed.
Fragmentation and Reassembly: Decoration, Technique, and Meaning at an Early Islamic Platform

Diverse plants, animals, humans, and supernatural hybrids decorate the paving stones of an early Islamic reservoir platform in the Azraq oasis, Jordan. Built for an unknown Umayyad-era patron in th...
Single-cell analysis for the study of viral inhibitors.

Abstract Stochastic outcomes of viral infections are attributed in large part to multiple layers of intrinsic and extrinsic heterogeneity that exist within a population of cells and viruses. Traditional methods in virology often lack the ability to demonstrate cell-to-cell variability in response to the invasion of viruses, and to decipher the sources of heterogeneities that are reflected in the variable infection dynamics. To overcome this challenge, the field of single-cell virology emerged less than a decade ago, enabling researchers to reveal the behavior of single, isolated, infected cells that has been masked in population-based assays. The use of microfluidics in single-cell virology, in particular, has resulted in the development of high-throughput devices that are capable of capturing, isolating, and monitoring single infected cells over the duration of an infection. Results from the studies of viral infection dynamics presented in this chapter indicate how single-cell data provide a more accurate prediction of the start time, replication rate, duration, and yield of infection when compared to population-based data. Additionally, single-cell analysis reveals striking differences between genetically distinct viruses that are almost indistinguishable in population methods. Importantly, both the efficacy and distinct mechanisms of action of antiviral compounds can be elucidated by using single-cell analysis.
Space, Place, and Violence: Violence and the Embodied Geographies of Race, Sex and Gender

Chapter 1: Everyday Geographies of Violence Violence as Subject. Towards a Geographic Understanding of Violence. Making Space, Constructing Place Chapter 2: Home Home as Refuge? Constructions of Home. Intimate Partner Violence. Same-Sex Domestic Violence. Home, Nation, and Violence. Conclusions Chapter 3: School Discipline In/Of Schools. School Subjects and Violence. Conclusions Chapter 4: The Streets Modernity and the Serial Killer. The Serial Killer as Urban Redeveloper. (Eliminating) Sex on the Streets. The Streets of Ciudad Juarez. Conclusions Chapter 5: Community Communities and Sovereign Geographies. Shifting Borders, Shaping Communities. (B)ordering Communities. Communal Belonging and Losings. Conclusions Chapter 6: Violence and the Pedagogy of Impunity
The Punishment Perspective

Americans have an abiding faith in punishment. Deterrence theory holds that if punishment is sufficiently swift, certain, and severe, then behavior will change in predictable ways. When punishment does not work as expected, the underlying assumptions of the punishment model are rarely questioned; instead, remedies are sought through more punishment, delivered more rapidly, and with greater certainty.
What's Yours is Mine: Rent-Seeking and the Common Law

The paper develops a rent-seeking theory of the common law.The general finding is that the law's form depends on thecomparative advantage each group has in production versusappropriation generally, and appropriation via litigation inparticular. The model generates new interpretations ofdevelopments in United States common law, and is used both tosupplement and to criticize two dominant theories of such law,the efficiency theory associated with the law and economicsmovement and that generated by critical legal studiesscholars.
Decentralized /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// load frequency control using LMI control toolbox

In this paper, a decentralized controller for the load frequency control (LFC) problem in power systems is designed based on a robust /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// control technique formulated as a Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) problem. To achieve decentralization, interfaces between interconnected power system's control areas are treated as disturbances. The LMI control toolbox is used to solve such a constrained optimization problem for LFC applications. The robust performance of the proposed controller is illustrated and compared with that of a conventional controller through simulation of a two-area power system with a variety of disturbances. Results show that /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// control technique via the LMI approach is an ideal tool for decentralized load frequency control design.
Release from Proactive Interference with Positive and Negative Words.

Using the release from proactive interference (RPI) task, college students (n = 40) received 4 trials comprised of 3-word triads of either positive (P) or negative (N) words. Word-triad recall served as the dependent measure, and results revealed typical buildup of PI (i.e., no significant group x trial interaction across Trials 1-3). Significant RPI was also observed when examining performance across Trials 3-4, and PI release was greater in those subjects who experienced a valence shift from P words to N words or from N words to P words across Trials 3-4. No release was observed in the control group and the word-triad recall performance of the control group continued to decline across trials. Results are discussed in terms of using the RPI paradigm with emotionally valenced stimuli and including clinically relevant samples.
Molecular Diagnostics in Cancer Therapeutic Development: Maximizing Opportunities for Individualized Treatment

PL-34 Alterations in miRNA genes play a critical role in the pathophysiology of many, perhaps all, human cancer: cancer initiation and progression can involve microRNAs (miRNAs) - small non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression. At the present time, the main mechanism of microRNoma (defined as the full complement of microRNAs present in a genome) alteration in cancer cells seems to be represented by aberrant gene expression, characterized by abnormal levels of expression for mature and/or precursor miRNA sequences in comparison with the corresponding normal tissues. Loss or amplification of miRNA genes has been reported in a variety of cancers and altered patterns of miRNA expression may affect cell cycle and survival programs. Germline and somatic mutations in miRNAs or polymorphisms in the mRNAs targeted by miRNAs may also contribute to cancer predisposition and progression. The causes of the widespread differential expression of miRNA genes between malignant and normal cells can be explained by the genomic location of these genes in cancer-associated genomic regions, by epigenetic mechanisms as well as by alterations of members of the processing machinery. MicroRNAs expression profiling has been exploited to identify miRNAs that are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of human cancers. MicroRNAs profiling achieved by various methods has allowed the identification of signatures associated with diagnosis, staging, progression, prognosis and response to treatment of human tumors.
Explore Phantom Black Dogs

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2005 Pages: 152 + viii Publisher: Explore Books ISBN: 1872883788 Prices: £12.95(soft cover).
Direct Imaging of Extra-Solar Planetary Systems with a Low-Scattered Light Telescope

In a joint study conducted by the Jet Propulsion laboratory and the Perkin-Elmer Corporation it was found that an Earth orbital, one meter class low scattered light coronagraphic telescope can achieve a broad range of scientific objectives including the direct detection of Jupiter-sized planets around the nearby stars. Recent major advances in our understanding of coronagraphic performance and in the field of super smooth mirror fabrication allow such an instrument to be designed and built within current technology.
Design of a high-speed packet switch with fine-grained quality-of-service guarantees

We present a new input-queued switch architecture designed to support deadline-ordered scheduling at extremely high-speeds. In particular, deadline-ordered scheduling is enabled through a combination of hardware-based sorted priority queues called P-heaps and a round-robin crossbar scheduler. The priority queues are implemented using a novel scalable pipelined heap-based architecture. Using a 0.35 micron CMOS standard-cell technology, we demonstrate a 32-port switch capable of sustaining 10 Gb/s line rates.
POST/SOCIALIST AFFECT: Ruination and Reconstruction of the Nation in Urban Vietnam

This article explores the engineering of affect in socialist urban design and subsequent changes in the affective register of a rapidly growing city in late socialist Vietnam. The setting is the north central city of Vinh, destroyed by aerial bombing during the American War and rebuilt with assistance from East Germany. A primary focus of urban reconstruction was Quang Trung public housing that provided modern, European-style apartments and facilities for more than eight thousand residents left homeless from the war. Drawing from interviews, images, poems, and archival materials that document urban reconstruction, the article foregrounds the complex historical, ideological, social, and gendered meanings and sentiments attached to a particular construction material: bricks. It argues that bricks have figured prominently in radical and recurring urban transformations in Vinh, both in the creation and the destruction of urban spaces and architectural forms. As utopic objects of desire, bricks gave shape to an engaged politics of hope and belief in future betterment, as construction technologies once reserved for the elite were made available to the masses. In Quang Trung public housing, bricks harnessed political passions and utopian sentiments that over time, as Vinh's urban identity shifted from a model socialist city to a regional center of commercial trade and industry, came to signify unfulfilled promises of the socialist state and dystopic ruins that today stand in the way of capitalist redevelopment.
Controlled polymerization of (meth)acrylamides by atom transfer radical polymerization

Controlled polymerization of (meth)acrylamides was achieved by ATRP using the initiating system methyl 2-chloropropionate/CuCl/tris(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amine. Linear increase of molecular weights with conversion and low polydispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.2) were obtained in toluene, at room temperature, when N,N-dimethylacrylamide was used as a monomer. However, the polymerization reached limited conversion, which could be enhanced by increasing the catalyst/initiator ratio. The limited conversion is not due to the loss of the active chains, but rather to the loss of activity of the catalytic system.
The fluid mechanics of scleral buckling surgery for the repair of retinal detachment

Scleral buckling is a common surgical technique used to treat retinal detachments that involves suturing a radial or circumferential silicone element on the sclera. Although this procedure has been performed since the 1960s, and there is a reasonable experimental model of retinal detachment, there is still debate as to how this surgery facilitates the re-attachment of the retina. Finite element calculations using the COMSOL Multiphysics® system are utilized to explain the influence of the scleral buckle on the flow of sub-retinal fluid in a physical model of retinal detachment. We found that, by coupling fluid mechanics with structural mechanics, laminar fluid flow and the Bernoulli effect are necessary for a physically consistent explanation of retinal reattachment. Improved fluid outflow and retinal reattachment are found with low fluid viscosity and rapid eye movements. A simulation of saccadic eye movements was more effective in removing sub-retinal fluid than slower, reading speed, eye movements in removing subretinal fluid. The results of our simulations allow us to explain the physical principles behind scleral buckling surgery and provide insight that can be utilized clinically. In particular, we find that rapid eye movements facilitate more rapid retinal reattachment. This is contradictory to the conventional wisdom of attempting to minimize eye movements.
Trends in the History of Vocational Guidance

In this article, the relationships between vocational guidance and vocational education, employment counseling, career guidance, and career counseling are explored. Also examined are the wide-ranging federal and state policies that have stimulated and shaped the professional history of vocational guidance, vocational policy, and contemporary terms.
Nanotechnology enabled sensors and wireless sensing networks

The capabilities of future mobile communication devices will extend beyond merely transmitting and receiving voice, data, and video information. For example, first responders such as firefighters and emergency workers will wear environmentally-aware devices that will warn them of combustible and toxic gases as well as communicate that information wirelessly to the Command and Control Center. Similar sensor systems could alert warfighters of the presence of explosives or biological weapons. These systems can function either in the form of an individual stand-alone detector or part of a wireless sensor network. Novel sensors whose functionality is enhanced via nanotechnology will play a key role in realizing such systems. Such sensors are important because of their high sensitivity, low power consumption, and small size. This talk will provide an overview of some of the advances made in sensors through the use of nanotechnology, including those that make use of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles. Their applicability in mobile sensing and wireless sensor networks for use in national security and public safety will be described. Other technical challenges associated with the development of such systems and networks will also be discussed.
Projectile electron loss with a molecular hydrogen target

We examine the effect of a molecular hydrogen target, as contrasted with an atomic target, on one-electron-projectile electron loss within the framework of the plane-wave Born approximation. Two different approaches are explored: (1) the use of an approximate molecular wave function due to Weinbaum, and (2) the use of a modified form factor for the two atoms in the ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ molecule. The resulting cross-section expressions are compared with experimental cross sections for electron loss by various one-electron projectiles. We find that for a projectile atomic number larger than 5, molecular effects are negligible in total cross sections and then the electron-loss cross section per molecule is just equal to twice the total cross section per atom.
Misconceptions regarding the pathogenicity of silicas and silicates

Several inhaled substances, from occupational or other environmental exposure, produce significant pulmonary disease and abnormalities demonstrated by pulmonary imaging. Areas of controversy and misconception relate principally to the extent and nature of both the clinical disease and the imaging abnormalities specific to each substance. The size and shape of the inhaled particles is an important determinant of the nature and severity of the disease produced, with fibrous shapes usually being the most pathogenetic. Fibrogenicity is another important pathogenetic characteristic of talc and kaolin, as well as asbestos. Talc produces four distinct forms of pulmonary disease, depending not only on the other substances with which it is inhaled, but also whether it is inhaled or injected intravenously. When inhaled alone, talc does not appear to produce significant pulmonary fibrosis or malignancy. Kaolin, mica, fuller's earth, zeolite, and fiberglass all vary in disease production according to their shape and fibrogenicity. Silica, diatomaceous earth, and other forms of silica are all highly fibrogenic and thus produce clinically obvious disease with sufficient inhalation. The largest particles usually produce nodular patterns in the upper pulmonary fields, as is typical of silicosis. The fibrous particles are more likely to manifest themselves as interstitial patterns in the lower pulmonary fields.
Practical Methods for Bounding Type I Error Rate with an Internal Pilot Design

New analytic forms for distributions at the heart of internal pilot theory solve many problems inherent to current techniques for linear models with Gaussian errors. Internal pilot designs use a fraction of the data to re-estimate the error variance and modify the final sample size. Too small or too large a sample size caused by an incorrect planning variance can be avoided. However, the usual hypothesis test may need adjustment to control the Type I error rate. A bounding test achieves control of Type I error rate while providing most of the advantages of the unadjusted test. Unfortunately, the presence of both a doubly truncated and an untruncated chi-square random variable complicates the theory and computations. An expression for the density of the sum of the two chi-squares gives a simple form for the test statistic density. Examples illustrate that the new results make the bounding test practical by providing very stable, convergent, and much more accurate computations. Furthermore, the new computational methods are effectively never slower and usually much faster. All results apply to any univariate linear model with fixed predictors and Gaussian errors, with the t-test a special case.
Identification of a Face Enhancer Reveals Direct Regulation of LIM Homeobox 8 (Lhx8) by Wingless-Int (WNT)/β-Catenin Signaling

Development of the mammalian face requires a large number of genes that are expressed with spatio-temporal specificity, and transcriptional regulation mediated by enhancers plays a key role in the precise control of gene expression. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation for a histone marker of active enhancers, we generated a genome-wide map of candidate enhancers from the maxillary arch (primordium for the upper jaw) of mouse embryos. Furthermore, we confirmed multiple novel craniofacial enhancers near the genes implicated in human palate defects through functional assays. We characterized in detail one of the enhancers (Lhx8_enh1) located upstream of Lhx8, a key regulatory gene for craniofacial development. Lhx8_enh1 contained an evolutionarily conserved binding site for lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor family proteins, which mediate the transcriptional regulation by the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. We demonstrated in vitro that WNT/β-catenin signaling was indeed essential for the expression of Lhx8 in the maxillary arch cells and that Lhx8_enh1 was a direct target of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Together, we uncovered a molecular mechanism for the regulation of Lhx8, and we provided valuable resources for further investigation into the gene regulatory network of craniofacial development.
Bandwidth allocation and scheduling of networked control systems with exponential and quadratic approximations

Abstract This paper investigates bandwidth allocation and scheduling of networked control systems (NCSs) with nonlinear-programming techniques. The bandwidth utilization (BU) is defined in terms of sampling frequency. An exponential and a quadratic approximation are formulated to describe system performance versus the sampling frequencies. The optimal sampling frequencies are obtained by solving the approximations with Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approximations and scheduling algorithms. The two approximations could find an optimal BU of an NCS with a given sequence of plants and maximize the total BU up to 98% of the total available bandwidth.
Potowski, Kim, & Jason Rothman. (Eds.). Bilingual Youth: Spanish in English‐Speaking Societies. Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2011. Pp. vi, 371. $143.00, cloth. ISBN 978–90–272–4181–8.

The article reviews the book "Bilingual Youth: Spanish in English-Speaking Societies," edited by Kim Potowski and Jason Rothman.
Preserving Data About the Knowledge Creation Process Developing an Archive on the Cold Fusion Controversy

Creation of the Cold Fusion Archive at Cornell University raises questions about documenting-in real time, as the scientific and political debate rages-how sciientific knowledge is created, diffused, and evaluated. The archive contains material offive types: published, manuscript electronic, material culture, and interviews. Technical questions involve the acquisition, organization, and preservation of materials. Intellectual questions involve the scope and limitatons of systematic collecting. Despite about the truth of cold fusion claims, documenting the controversy provides insight into the process of knowledge creation and diffusion.
Are Red Algae Plants? A Critical Evaluation of Three Key Molecular Data Sets

Whether red algae are related to green plants has been debated for over a century. Features present due to their shared photosynthetic habit have been interpreted as support for an evolutionary sisterhood of the two groups but, until very recently, characters endogenous to the host cell have provided no reliable indication of such a relationship. In this investigation, we examine three molecular data sets that have provided key evidence of a possible relationship between green plants and red algae. Analyses of an expanded alignment of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II largest subunit sequences indicate that their support for independent origins of rhodophytes and chlorophytes is not the result of long-branch attraction, as has been proposed elsewhere. Differences in the pol II C-terminal domain, an essential component of plant mRNA transcription, also suggest different host cell ancestors for the two groups. In contrast, concatenated sequences of two groups of mitochondrial genes, those encoding subunits of NADH-dehydrogenase as well as cytochrome c oxidase subunits plus apocytochrome B, appear to cluster red algal and green plant sequences together because both groups have evolved relatively slowly and share a super-abundance of ancestral positions. Finally, analyses of elongation factor 2 sequences demonstrate a strong phylogenetic signal favoring a rhodophyte/chlorophyte sister relationship, but that signal is restricted to a contiguous segment comprising approximately half of the EF2 gene. These results argue for great caution in the interpretation of phylogenetic analyses of ancient evolutionary events but, in combination, indicate that there is no emerging consensus from molecular data supporting a sister relationship between red algae and green plants.
Parental Depression and Economic Disadvantage: The Role of Parenting in Associations with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Children and Adolescents

This study examined the effects of parental depression symptoms, economic disadvantage, and parenting behaviors in 180 children and adolescents of depressed parents (ages 9-15 years-old). Analyses revealed that while parental depression symptoms, economic disadvantage, and disrupted parenting behaviors were related to children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms, disrupted parenting (e.g., intrusive, neglectful parenting) accounted for the association of parental depressive symptoms and economic disadvantage with children's symptoms. This study provides evidence that disrupted parenting may be a common or shared process through which both parental depression and economic disadvantage are associated with children's internalizing and externalizing problems.
Characterization of glycation adducts on human serum albumin by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Abstract Background Non-enzymatic glycation of human serum albumin (HSA) is associated with the long-term complications of diabetes. We examined the structure and location of modifications on minimally-glycated HSA and considered their possible impact on the binding of drugs to this protein. Methods Minimally-glycated and normal HSA (used as a control) were digested with trypsin, Glu-C or Lys-C, followed by fractionation of the resulting peptides and their analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to determine the structures and locations of glycation adducts. Results Several specific lysine and arginine residues were identified as modification sites in minimally-glycated HSA. Residues K12, K51, K199, K205, K439 and K538 were found to be modified through the formation of fructosyl-lysine, while the modification of K159 and K286 involved the formation of pyrraline or N ɛ -carboxymethyl-lysine, respectively. Lysine K378 was found to give N ɛ -carboxyethyl-lysine in some forms of glycated HSA but fructosyl-lysine in other forms. Residues R160 and R472 produced a modification based on N ɛ -(5-hydro-4-imidazolon-2-yl)ornithine. Lysine R222 was modified to produce argpyrimidine, N ɛ -[5-(2,3,4-trihydroxybutyl)-5-hydro-4-imidazolon-2-yl]ornithine or tetrahydropyrimidine. Conclusions With the exception of K12, K199, K378, K439 and K525, all of the observed sites of modification for minimally-glycated HSA were new to this current study. The fact that many of these glycation-related modifications are located at or near known drug binding sites on HSA explains why some differences have been previously noted in the binding of certain drugs to normal vs glycated HSA.
Sex differences in cell migration in the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus of mice.

The preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (POA/AH) sits as a boundary region rostral to the classical diencephalic hypothalamus and ventral to the telencephalic septal region. Numerous studies have pointed to the region's importance for sex-dependent functions. Previous studies suggested that migratory guidance cues within this region might be particularly unique in their diversity. To better understand the early development and differentiation of the POA/AH, cytoarchitectural, birthdate, immunocytochemical, and cell migration studies were conducted in vivo and in vitro using embryonic C57BL/6J mice. A medial preoptic nucleus became discernible using Nissl stain in males and females between embryonic days (E) E15 and E17. Cells containing immunoreactive estrogen receptor-α were detected in the POA/AH by E13, and increased in number with age in both sexes. From E15 to E17, examination of the radial glial fiber pattern by immunocytochemistry confirmed the presence of dual orientations for migratory guidance ventral to the anterior commissure (medial-lateral and dorsal-ventral) and uniform orientation more caudally (medial-lateral). Video microscopy studies followed the migration of DiI-labeled cells in coronal 250-μm brain slices from E15 mice maintained in serum-free media for 1–3 days. Analyses showed significant migration along a dorsal-ventral orientation in addition to medial-lateral. The video analyses showed significantly more medial-lateral migration in males than females in the caudal POA/AH. In vivo, changes in the distribution of cells labeled by the mitotic indicator bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) suggested their progressive migration through the POA/AH. BrdU analyses also indicated significant movement from dorsal to ventral regions ventral to the anterior commissure. The significant dorsal-ventral migration of cells in the POA/AH provides additional support for the notion that the region integrates developmental information from both telencephalic and diencephalic compartments. The sex difference in the orientation of migration of cells in the caudal POA/AH suggests one locus for the influence of gonadal steroids in the embryonic mouse forebrain. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 41: 252–266, 1999
Vitamin B6 antagonists and growth of microorganisms. I. 4-Desoxypyridoxine.

Abstract 4-Desoxypyridoxine is relatively ineffective as an antagonist of vitamin B 6 for organisms that grow in the absence of the latter vitamin, and for many lactic acid bacteria that require the vitamin. It is an effective antagonist of vitamin B 6 for certain yeasts and molds that require an external source of vitamin B 6 for growth. It is shown that the same organism may be sensitive to the inhibitor when dependent upon an external supply of vitamin B 6 for growth, but insensitive when cultured under conditions that permit it to synthesize this vitamin. The comparative effectiveness of various forms of vitamin B 6 in counteracting growth inhibition by desoxypyridoxine varies from organism to organism. For Saccharomyces carlsbergensis the order of effectiveness was pyridoxine > pyridoxamine = pyridoxal. For Neurospora sitophila this order was pyridoxine ≧ pyridoxal > pyridoxamine.
Lowering plasma glucose concentration by inhibiting renal sodium-glucose cotransport.

Maintaining normoglycaemia not only reduces the risk of diabetic microvascular complications but also corrects the metabolic abnormalities that contribute to the development and progression of hyperglycaemia, that is insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Progressive beta-cell failure, in addition to side effects associated with many current antidiabetic agents, for example hypoglycaemia and weight gain, presents major obstacles to the achievement of the recommended goal of glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, novel effective therapies are needed for optimal glucose control in subjects with T2DM. Most recently, specific inhibitors of the renal sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) have been developed to produce glucosuria and lower the plasma glucose concentration. Because of the iR unique mechanism of action, which is independent of insulin secretion and insulin action, these agents are effective in lowering the plasma glucose concentration in all stages of the disease and can be combined with all other antidiabetic agents. In this review, we will summarize the available data concerning the mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of this novel class of antidiabetic agents.
Degree modification of gradable nouns: Size adjectives and adnominal degree morphemes

Degree readings of size adjectives, as in big stamp-collector, cannot be explained away as merely the consequence of some extragrammatical phenomenon. Rather, this paper proposes that they actually reflect the grammatical architecture of nominal gradability. Such readings are available only for size adjectives in attributive positions, and systematically only for adjectives that predicate bigness. These restrictions can be understood as part of a broader picture of gradable NPs in which adnominal degree morphemes—often overt—play a key role, analogous to their role in the extended AP. Size adjectives acquire degree readings through a degree morpheme similar to the one that licenses AP-modifying measure phrases. Its syntax gives rise to positional restrictions on the availability of these readings, and the semantics of degree measurement interacts with the scale structure of size adjectives to give rise to restrictions on the adjective itself.