cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concurrent use of khat and tobacco is associated with verbal learning and delayed recall deficits

Aims The present study assessed whether cigarette smokers who are also regular khat users would demonstrate greater impairments in verbal learning and recall compared to both non-smokers who are khat users and control subjects. Design An independent-measures, between-subjects design with two covariates. Setting An out-patient, university research center in Taiz, Yemen. Participants Subjects were 175 Yemeni college students (90 men, 85 women) ranging in age from 18 to 38 years. Seventy-five subjects were self-reported chronic cigarette smokers and khat users, 48 non-smoking subjects were self-reported to be chronic khat users and 52 non-smoking subjects reported no current use or history of khat use. Measurements Verbal learning and verbal memory recall was assessed by subject performance on the Arabic version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Findings Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in RAVLT acquisition learning trials 2–5 and on delayed recall measures between concurrent khat and cigarette users compared to both the khat-only group and the control group of non-users of khat and cigarettes. On each of these trials, concurrent users recalled fewer words, demonstrating a slowed rate of verbal learning. This same pattern of performance was also seen on delayed recall measures. Khat use alone did not affect immediate or delayed recall of previously learned words. Conclusions Khat users who smoke cigarettes have a lower rate of verbal learning and delayed recall of previously learned verbal material than khat users who do not smoke cigarettes. This may be due to pre-existing differences between these groups of subjects.
Does family history of alcohol problems influence college and university drinking or substance use? A meta‐analytical review

Aims: Family history of alcohol use problems is a reliable determinant of alcohol use and problems in the population at large, but findings are inconsistent when this issue is examined in college and university students. No quantitative summary of this literature has been reported to date. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis on the effects of family history on substance use and abuse in college and university students. Design: A two-group contrast meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the differences in substance use and abuse between family history -positive and -negative students pursuing higher education. Setting: The studies that contributed data to this meta-analysis were conducted in five countries, with the majority of studies from the US. Participants: A total of 65 published articles (53 samples) contributed data from 89,766 participants attending university or college. Measurements: Effect sizes were coded for alcohol consumption, problems, and use disorder symptoms, as well as other illegal drug use and abuse. Two independent coders calculated effect sizes and coded descriptive content about the articles, and discrepancies were reconciled. Family history was used as the grouping variable. Findings: Family history had a minimal effect on alcohol consumption, with stronger effects on alcohol consequences (ds: 0.21-0.29), alcohol use disorder symptoms (ds: 0.24-0.27), and other drug involvement (ds: 0.34-0.86). Conclusions: Relative to students without a family history of alcohol problems, students with positive family histories do not drink more, but may be at greater risk for difficulties with alcohol and drugs. Language: en
Eukaryotic CTR Copper Uptake Transporters Require Two Faces of the Third Transmembrane Domain for Helix Packing, Oligomerization, and Function

Members of the copper uptake transporter (CTR) family from yeast, plants, and mammals including human are required for cellular uptake of the essential metal copper. Based on biochemical data, CTRs have three transmembrane domains and have been shown to oligomerize in the membrane. Among individual members of the family, there is little amino acid sequence identity, raising questions as to how these proteins adopt a common fold, oligomerize, and participate in copper transport. Using site-directed mutagenesis, tryptophan scanning, genetic complementation, subcellular localization, chemical cross-linking, and the yeast unfolded protein response, we demonstrated that at least half of the third transmembrane domain (TM3) plays a vital role in CTR structure and function. The results of our analysis showed that TM3 contains two functionally distinct faces. One face bears a highly conserved Gly-X-X-X-Gly (GG4) motif, which we showed to be essential for CTR oligomerization. Moreover, we showed that steric constraints reach past the GG4-motif itself including amino acid residues that are not conserved throughout the CTR family. A second face of TM3 contains three amino acid positions that, when mutated to tryptophan, cause predominantly abnormal localization but are still partially functional in growth complementation experiments. These mutations cluster on the face opposite to the GG4-bearing face of TM3 where they may mediate interactions with the remaining two transmembrane domains. Taken together, our data support TM3 as being buried within trimeric CTR where it plays an essential role in CTR assembly.
Cholescintigraphy in the detection of cholelithiasis: a review of 23 cases and a case report demonstrating the sequential evolution of the appearance of the gallbladder defect.

Cholescintigraphy of cholelithiasis has been reported as a defect or photon deficient area in the gallbladder. We present the case of a patient with gallstones whose cholescintigraphic study showed a sequential evaluation of the scan appearance from a defect, to a septation, a hole, and finally a filled-in appearance. Cholescintigrams and histopathologic findings after cholecystectomy of another 22 patients with cholelithiasis were also retrospectively reviewed. The results of the study concluded that: (1) cholelithiasis is rarely demonstrated by cholescintigraphy and (2) nonvisualization of the gallbladder may be due to acute or chronic cholecystitis associated with cholelithiasis.
FINANCIAL REPORTING THROUGH THE AUDIT

Financial reports are important for several reasons. They provide evidence of wise fiscal management and are a valuable public relations tool. External auditors are employed to supply an independent appraisal of the fiscal stewardship provided by libraries. Managers should keep staffs informed of the standard accounting practices auditors employ to facilitate responsible library operation.
Age-related differences in MAP kinase activity in VSMC in response to glucose or TNF-α

Aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were used to study the effect of age on responses to high glucose concentrations or the cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding to DNA increased more in VSMC from old versus young rats (P < 0.02) and was related to increased expression of its components, c-Fos, Fra-1, and JunD. The relationship to upstream signals, i.e., activities of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), was studied using antibodies to total and phosphorylated forms of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38. High glucose and TNF-alpha increased ERK phosphorylation more in old (P < 0.05); whereas only TNF-alpha induced JNK activation in young (P < 0.04). PD98059, a MEK inhibitor, attenuated AP-1 activation, lowered c-Fos and Fra-1 protein levels and reduced cell number and cells positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen in old. We concluded that age differentially influenced activation of signaling pathways in VSMC exposed to high glucose or TNF-alpha. This may contribute to the increased risk for vascular disease associated with aging and diabetes mellitus (DM).
Platyrrhine evolution in the West Indies

There are now at least three, and probably five to seven, distinct endemic platyrrhine species known from the Greater Antilles. All are of Late Pleistocene or Holocene age. These include at least three from Jamaica, the distinctive Xenothrix mcgregori and two others known only from proximal femora. All three are approximately the same size. One of these is also present on Hispaniola. Dental remains from several sites on Hispaniola all probably belong to “Saimiri” bernensis (which is likely not Saimiri). Postcranial remains from Hispaniola may not belong to the same monkey; their phenetic (but perhaps not phylogenetic) affinities are to callitrichids. Cuba also had two endemic platyrrhines, less changed from their mainland relatives, a howler monkey and a spider monkey (Ateles anthropomorphus). One or more of these lineages probably reached the islands prior to the Pleistocene, and almost certainly through dispersal (via rafting) and not vicariance or human transport.
Polyurea microcapsules from oil-in-oil emulsions via interfacial polymerization

Polyurea microcapsules were obtained via interfacial polymerization at the interface of methanol-in-cyclohexane, formamide-in-cyclohexane, and N,N-dimethylformamide-in-cyclohexane emulsions. Coumarin-1 was used as a model encapsulant; both dye leaching and encapsulation efficiency were examined. For the methanol-in-cyclohexane system, design of experiments was used to assess the influence of five different variables on capsule size. A model was obtained that accurately predicts the size of capsules resulting from a given formulation.
A team decision problem for a convex loss function over aBernoulli random variable

Suppose each member of a team observes aBernoulli random variable,x, and the team outcome is the inner product, 〈a,x〉, of the observation vectorx and the decision vectora. This paper considers the case when the loss function is convex. Two numerical examples are given.
Presentation of the Harrell L. Strimple Award of the Paleontological Society to John and Michael Topor

It is a great pleasure to introduce John and Mike Topor as the 2011 recipients of the Paleontological Society's Strimple Award recognizing outstanding contributions to our field by avocational paleontologists. Nearly 40 years ago, John and Mike, two brothers from Hamtramck, Michigan, were encouraged in their interest in paleontology by Professor Robert Kesling of the University of Michigan. Kesling and others, including Ruth Chilman, Jean Wright, and Aurele LaRocque, had just started a group called the “Friends of the University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology” that met monthly in Ann Arbor and provided an informal setting in which a cross-section of professional and avocational paleontologists from southern Michigan and northern Ohio discussed specimens and ideas, planned field trips, and generally shared knowledge of our field. John and Mike soon became two of the most conscientious and energetic supporters of this group, managing work and family obligations so that they could attend these meetings each month, despite the two hour round trip. They continue today as core contributors to this group, frequently having served as its president and on its board of directors. John and Mike have collected fossils at many localities in the U.S. and Canada, but they soon developed a special affinity for Middle Devonian exposures along the Ausable River near Arkona and Thedford, Ontario. For over 30 years, they have maintained a three-season program of weekend fieldwork in one or another of the Arkona-area quarries, systematically collecting the full range of its marine fauna. Tireless, observant, and ingenious in the field, they realized that the disarticulated and fragmented remains that were abundant on surface exposures and that had satisfied other collectors for generations were the end-products of weathering and disaggregation of initially much more intact specimens preserved at depth in poorly indurated shales. By taking the time to excavate …
Ultrastructural features of the ventromedial region of the laminar nucleus in the red-eared turtle (Chrysemys scripta elegans)

The nuclei of the torus semicircularis, in particular the laminar nucleus, have been functionally implicated in sound localization, vocalization, and mating behavior. In the red-eared turtle the ventromedial region of the laminar nucleus (containing two discrete dense cellular areas and the surrounding neuropil) was examined electron microscopically in the present study. Neuronal cell bodies in the two cellular areas were different in size, shape, cytoplasmic constitutents, and their relationship to each other. Cell bodies in the layer beneath the ependymal surface were almost always surrounded by lamellae while cell bodies in the layer above the central nucleus were in close apposition. We are speculating that cell bodies in the superficial layer may be neuroendocrine in nature. This speculation is based on the presence of lipidlike droplets within cell bodies, and previous findings indicating steroid binding and synthesis in this region in reptilian brains. Cell bodies located above the central nucleus were characteristic in that they contained lamellar bodies and extensive well-developed Golgi regions. Closely apposed groups of these cell bodies were frequently surrounded by or in close apposition to large axonal profiles. These profiles were filled with clear core vesicles, numerous mitochondria, and clusters of small dense core particles. Synaptic contacts between large axonal profiles and cell bodies were not observed. The neuropil surrounding cell bodies of the inner layer of this region of the laminar nucleus contained glomeruli composed of a central axon surrounded, and in synaptic contact, with dendrites. Throughout the area of the laminar nucleus studied, synapses appeared to be primarily of the asymmetrical type.
Taurine acts on a subclass of GABAA receptors in mammalian brain in vitro

Taurine, an inhibitory amino acid, potently acts on a subclass of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors. Taurine competitively inhibits [3H]muscimol binding to purified GABAA receptors with an average IC50 value of 50 microM, and enhances [3H]flunitrazepam binding to GABAA-linked benzodiazepine receptors with an EC50 of about 10 microM and with maximal extent lower than that for GABA. Taurine shows variable affinities (low micromolar to near millimolar) for muscimol binding sites in different brain regions as measured by autoradiography. The taurine-sensitive GABA sites are enriched in dentate gyrus, substantia nigra, cerebellum molecular layer, median thalamic nuclei, and hippocampal field CA3; these areas are also enriched in mRNA for the GABA-binding beta 2 subunit subtype. Taurine shows differential affinities for the multiple muscimol-GABA binding polypeptides present in purified GABAA receptors, notably a higher affinity for a beta 55 than a beta 58 polypeptide; these probably represent beta 2 and beta 3 clones, respectively. This work defines a significant target of taurine's inhibitory activity as some GABAA receptor GABA sites, lending support to the hypothesis that this endogenous substance may have a physiological action.
HIGH CONDUCTIVITY CARBON-CARBON HEAT PIPES FOR LIGHT WEIGHT SPACE POWER SYSTEM RADIATORS

Based on prior successful fabrication and demonstration testing of a carbon-carbon heat pipe radiator element with integral fins this paper examines the hypothetical extension of the technology via substitution of high thermal conductivity composites which would permit increasing fin length while still maintaining high fin effectiveness. As a result the specific radiator mass could approach an ultimate asymptotic minimum value near 1.0 kg/m2, which is less than one fourth the value of present day satellite radiators. The implied mass savings would be even greater for high capacity space and planetary surface power systems, which may require radiator areas ranging from hundreds to thousands of square meters, depending on system power level.
ESCOLA, Marc (Ed.), Théorie des Textes Possibles, Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi, 2012, 235 pp., 47 €, ISBN: 978-90-420-3510-2

Les contributions reunies par Marc Escola pour le volume Theorie des textes possibles offrent une conception stimulante de la critique litteraire et interrogent a nouveaux frais le genre qu'elle co...
Board-Game Gel Filtration and Affinity Chromatography

The gel filtration and affinity chromatography board game activity described here is a simulation of common chromatographic techniques. The game is suitable for use in a classroom or laboratory setting. This activity utilizes a paper grid, colored paper squares, and a die to demonstrate the principles of gel filtration and affinity chromatography. The paper grid acts as a stationary phase and colored paper squares represent molecules of the sample. To demonstrate the separation achieved using gel filtration chromatography, the colored paper squares are identified as different molecular weight molecules of the sample and their movement is controlled by the roll of a die. To show the separation achieved using affinity chromatography, the paper grid is designed to contain several marked squares that act as affinity ligands to which the molecules of interest (represented by one color of paper squares) bind. The roll of a die controls the movement of the molecules and can be utilized to demonstrate the effects of variables such as flow rate and diffusion on separations. This modification eliminates the need to purchase expensive biological reagents necessary for a first person laboratory demonstration of gel and affinity separations. The activity developed is a hands-on simulation that provides a visual representation of these separations.
Active handheld instrument for error compensation in microsurgery

Physiological hand tremor and other manual positioning errors limit precision in microsurgical procedures. Our research has involved development of adaptive algorithms and neural network methods for real-time compensation of such errors. This paper presents a novel design for an active hand-held microsurgical instrument to implement these algorithms, particularly during vitreoretinal microsurgery. The basic vitreoretinal instrument consists of a handle fitted with a narrow intraocular shaft to provide access to the interior of the eye. In our design, the instrument handle incorporates six-degree-of-freedom inertial sensing to determine the three-dimensional position of the instrument tip. The intraocular shaft is attached to the instrument handle via a miniature parallel manipulator with three degrees of freedom, controlled by three piezoelectric elements. The manipulator actuates the intraocular shaft in pitch, yaw, and axial extension, allowing the system to perform active compensation of errors in the position of the tip of the intraocular shaft. The paper includes the formulation of the inverse kinematics of the instrument in a manner suitable for online computation. A discussion of practical design considerations and the methods and results of preliminary experiments are also presented.
On the coefficient of variation of mixtures of probability distributions

We obtain tight upper and lower bounds on the coefficient of variation of mixtures of m probability distributions on [0,∞). The lower bound is explicit; the upper bound is computed by an elementary algorithm. In some particular cases, the upper bound may also be obtained in an analytically explicit form.
The effectiveness of finite improvement algorithms for finding global optima

This paper investigates the effectiveness of using finite improvement algorithms for solving decision, search, and optimization problems. Finite improvement algorithms operate in a finite number of iterations, each taking a polynomial amount of work, where strict improvement is required from iteration to iteration. The hardware, software, and way of measuring complexity found in the polynomial setting are modified to identify the concept of repetition and define the new classes of decision problems,FI andNFI. A firstNFI-complete problem is given using the idea ofFI-transformations. Results relating these new classes toP, NP, andNP-complete are given. It is shown that if an optimization problem in a new classPGS isNP-hard, thenNP=co-NP. TwoPGS problems are given for which no polynomial algorithms are known to exist.
Bismuth film coalescence determined by ellipsometry

Abstract The growth and coalescence of thin (1.5–100.0 nm) filmsof bismuth were examined with ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy. The Bi films were thermally evaporated onto oxidized, heated (343 K) Si substrates. An effective medium approximation was used with the ellipsometry data to determine that the films grew in an island growth mode out to a thickness of about 8.0 nm before coalescing into a continuous film. These results were confirmed usingatomic force microscopy which also indicated that the average grain size increased in an almost linear manner with film thickness up to thicknesses around 50.0 nm before levelling off. Surface steps of 0.4 and 0.8 nm suggested that the grains were mainly oriented with the (111) rhombohedral planes parallel to the surface.
The moderating effect of family involvement on substance use risk factors in adolescents with severe emotional and behavioral challenges.

Abstract Objective The current study longitudinally examined the moderating effects of family involvement, which previous research has shown to be a protective factor against adolescents' substance use involvement, on the associations between internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively, and substance use (alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco) and problems in a unique sample of adolescents with severe emotional and behavioral problems. Method Adolescents (n = 4786) and their parents were assessed at three waves over a 1-year period as part of the SAMHSA funded Comprehensive Community Mental Health Initiative (CMHI). Multilevel growth curve models were estimated using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) to examine the associations between time-varying internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively, and substance use involvement over time as a function of family involvement at baseline. Results Results supported the hypothesis that family involvement protects against adolescent substance use involvement by buffering the adverse effects of both internalizing and externalizing problems. Specifically, for alcohol use, family involvement buffered the negative effects of high externalizing problems. For tobacco use, family involvement buffered the negative effects of both internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively. For substance use problems, family involvement buffered the effects of only internalizing problems. Family involvement did not moderate effects of emotional and behavioral problems on marijuana use, however, a significant main effect was observed such that family involvement was negatively related to marijuana use. Conclusions Results suggest that the beneficial effects of family involvement on at-risk adolescents' substance use involvement are dependent on the type of emotional and behavioral problems the adolescent experiences as well as the type of substance the adolescent uses. Implications for family- and adolescent-focused treatment are discussed.
Synthetic quinine, analogs. V. Quinolinemethanols related to desvinylquinine

Aldol condensation of quinolinecarboxaldehydes with 3-quinuelidinone followed by acid-catalyzed hydration of the resulting α,β-unsalurated ketones provides a short and versatile synthesis of desvinylquinine derivatives. A novel rearrangement of 2-(9-phenanthrylmethylene)-3-quinuclidinyl earbinols leading to dibenzoindole derivatives is described.
DEMONSTRATION OF SPECIFIC BINDING SITES FOR 3H‐RRR‐α‐TOCOPHEROL ON HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES*

Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated specific binding sites for /sup 3/H-RRR-alpha-tocopherol (/sup 3/H-d alpha T) in membranes of rat adrenal cells. As tocopherol deficiency is associated with increased susceptibility of red blood cells to hemolysis, we investigated tocopherol binding sites in human RBCs. Erythrocytes were found to have specific binding sites for /sup 3/H-d alpha T that exhibited saturability and time and cell-concentration dependence as well as reversibility of binding. Kinetic studies of binding demonstrated two binding sites--one with high affinity (Ka of 2.6 x 10(7) M-1), low capacity (7,600 sites per cell) and the other with low affinity (1.2 x 10(6) M-1), high capacity (150,000 sites per cell). In order to localize the binding sites further, RBCs were fractionated and greater than 90% of the tocopherol binding was located in the membranes. Similar to the findings in intact RBCs, the membranes exhibited two binding sites with a respective Ka of 3.3 x 10(7) M-1 and 1.5 x 10(6) M-1. Specificity data for binding demonstrated 10% binding for RRR-gamma-tocopherol, but not other tocopherol analog exhibited competition for /sup 3/H-d alpha T binding sites. Instability data suggested a protein nature for these binding sites. Preliminary studies on Triton X-100 solubilizedmore » fractions resolved the binding sites to a major component with an Mr of 65,000 and a minor component with an Mr of 125,000. We conclude that human erythrocyte membranes contain specific binding sites for RRR-alpha-tocopherol. These sites may be of physiologic significance in the function of tocopherol on the red blood cell membrane.« less
Surgical management of tetralogy of Fallot.

A 3½-month-old female Wirehaired Fox Terrier was referred for diagnosis and treatment of a congenital heart disease. Examination revealed a pan-systolic murmur and cyanotic mucous membranes. A tentative diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot was confirmed by radiographs, ECG, cardiac catheteriza-tion, and angiograms. End-to-side anastomosis of the left subclavian artery to the pulmonary artery (the palliative Blalock shunt), performed when the patient was 7 months old, provided remission of the clinical signs for 1 ½ years. Physical stress then recurred and the animal died. Post-mortem examination revealed the classic anatomy of tetralogy of Fallot and evidence that the Blalock shunt, which had remained patent for 1½ years, had closed, causing the death of the animal.
Error estimates for MAC-like approximations to the linear Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper a priori error estimates are derived for the discretization error which results when the linear Navier-Stokes equations are solved by a method which closely resembles the MAC-method of Harlow and Welch. General boundary conditions are permitted and the estimates are in terms of the discreteL 2 norm. A solvability result is given which also applies to a generalization of the method to the nonlinear case. This generalization is used in the last section to produce a numerical solution to the problem of flow around an obstacle.
Unisensory and bisensory perceptual and memory processing in stuttering adults and normal speakers

Abstract The perceptual/memory process abilities of adult stutterers were compared with those of normal adult speakers. Unisensory tasks were used as standards for comparison of the simultaneous, bisensory processes. Subjects were tested individually on sensory oral form, manual form, and word recall tasks followed by combinations of word recall and oral form discrimination, and word recall and manual form discrimination. Four bisensory combinations were tested, and in each test subjects were asked for the discrimination of the forms or recall of the words. Results showed that on both bisensory tasks in which the subjects were asked for the words rather than the form discrimination the stutterers were significantly poorer than the normals. On the bisensory tasks in which the forms were called for, the stutterers' performances were equal to the normals. No differences were found between the groups on the three unisensory tasks. These findings are related to some processing theories and to EEG studies of word recall in adult stutterers.
Mouse p170 is a novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase containing a C2 domain

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinases catalyze the formation of 3′-phosphoinositides, which appear to promote cellular responses to growth factors and such membrane trafficking events as insulin-stimulated translocation of intracellular glucose transporters. We report here the cloning of a novel PI 3-kinase, p170, from cDNA of insulin-sensitive mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mouse p170 utilizes PI and to a limited extent PI 4-P as substrates, in contrast to the PI-specific yeast VPS34 homolog PtdIns 3-kinase and the p110 PI 3-kinases, which phosphorylate PI, PI 4-P, and PI 4,5-P2. Mouse p170 is also distinct from PtdIns 3-kinase or the p110 PI 3-kinases in exhibiting a 10-fold lower sensitivity to wortmannin. Unique structural elements of p170 include C-terminal sequences strikingly similar to the phosphoinositide-binding C2 domain of protein kinase C isoforms, synaptotagmins, and other proteins. These features of mouse p170 are shared with a recently cloned Drosophila PI 3-kinase, DmPI3K_68D. Together, these proteins define a new class of PI 3-kinase likely influenced by cellular regulators distinct from those acting upon p110- or VPS34-like PI 3-kinases.
Multibraces on the Hochschild space

We generalize the coupled braces {x}{y} of Gerstenhaber and {x}{y1,…,yn} of Gerstenhaber and Getzler depicting compositions of multilinear maps in the Hochschild space C•(A)=Hom(T•A;A) of a graded vector space A to expressions of the form {x1(1),…,xi1(1)}⋯{x1(m),…,xim(m)} on the extended space C•,•(A)=Hom(T•A;T•A). We apply multibraces to study associative and Lie algebras, Batalin–Vilkovisky algebras, and A∞ and L∞ algebras: most importantly, we introduce a new variant of the master identity for L∞ algebras in the form . Using the new language, we also explain the significance of this notation for bialgebras (coassociativity is simply Δ∘Δ=0), comment on the bialgebra cohomology differential of Gerstenhaber and Schack, and define multilinear higher-order differential operators with respect to multilinear maps.
Kinetics and multiple rate states of CO oxidation on Pt II. Linking UHV and atmospheric pressure kinetic behavior

Abstract In this second part of a two-part study, two new kinetic models developed in the first part (Harold and Garske (1)) are used to simulate Pt-catalyzed CO oxidation over a wide range of catalyst temperatures, gas compositions, and total pressures. The models are modifications of the commonly used three-step sequence (model 1). Model II contains steps involving adsorbed molecular oxygen, and reaction steps between gas phase CO and adsorbed oxygen species. In model III an oxygen site exclusion feature replaces the two Eley-Rideal steps. A comparison of model predictions and experimental data obtained at pressures spanning UHV and atmospheric provides for sensitive discrimination between the models. The models are used to simulate multivalued UHV Pt(110)-catalyzed CO oxidation rate data (Sung (2)). Kinetic parameters are estimated using a novel nonlinear regression scheme involving both singular and nonsingular data. Models 11 and III simulate the data equally well. Agreement is good between model 11 and III predictions and the intermediate pressure data for Pt(100) (Berlowitz et al. (3)), and for polycrystalline Pt (Garske and Harold (4, 5)) using the estimated parameters from the UHV data simulation. Intrinsic rate multiplicity is predicted to persist at these pressures over a narrow range of temperature and gas composition. External mass transport resistance is incorporated into model 11 to simulate atmospheric pressure CO oxidation experiments. The predicted range of conditions giving multiplicity expands considerably. Several atmospheric pressure experimental trends are predicted, such as the upright cusp shape of the temperature-CO pressure bifurcation map for low CO/Oar2 observed in many studies, and the sharp transition in the extinction branch at the stoichiometric ratio observed by Kaul et al. (6). The latter trend is shown to occur for a class of much simpler single-valued kinetic models. The simulations of CO oxidation over a wide pressure range are shown to provide insight about bridging the gap between surface science and realistic operating conditions.
Karl Georg Blume, MD

Karl G. Blume was born in Germany on April 10, 1937, received his medical education under the mentorship of Professor Georg W. Lohr at the University of Freiburg, and graduated in 1963. After graduation, he undertook his residency atMarburg and then held 2 fellowships: one at Freiburg and theotheratCityofHope, in1970and1971, respectively.His earlyworkwas in red cell biochemistrydwork that hepursued in his postdoctoral fellowship under Dr. Ernest Beutler. In 1975, after discussions with Dr. E. Donnall Thomas in Seattle and with his encouragement, Dr. Beutler wanted to develop an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) program at the City of Hope. He recruited Karl to return to City of Hope to establish the programda novel concept at that time. The program at the City of Hope was, in many ways, derived from work and discussions that Karl had with colleagues at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and resulted in lifelong friends from those early days in the development of transplantation to treat diseases of bone marrow and immune system origin. The first transplantation at City of Hope was performed on May 18, 1976. Karl’s clinical and research work focused on the problems that confront patients undergoing transplantation, namely relapse prevention, immune reconstitution, graft-versushost disease and cytomegalovirus infection management and, among his early insights, issues related to patients’ quality of life after transplantation and their long-term health. In 1981, Karl was the principal investigator for the City of Hope’s National Cancer Institute-approved program project grant in transplantation, which contained projects that focused on those problems, and he organized a talented group of young laboratory and clinical scientists to work together in understanding and solving these challenges.
Production of gynogenic plants from hybrids of Allium cepa L. and A. roylei Stearn

Abstract Allium roylei is a non-bulbing wild relative of common onion ( Allium cepa ) with several desirable traits, including resistance to Botrytis leaf blight (BLB) and downy mildew. We obtained gynogenic plants by culturing flower buds from two A. cepa lines and several generations of plants derived from crosses of A. cepa and A. roylei . The donor plants used showed substantial differences in response to induction of gynogenesis. We obtained 59 plantlets from responsive A. roylei -derived plants. Backcross generations of A. roylei -derived plants (BC 1 F 1 and BC 1 F 2 ) provided the majority of the gynogenic plantlets; plants from earlier generations (F 1 and F 2 ), showed either very low or no gynogenic response. About half of the gynogenic plantlets continued to grow into plants. Flow cytometry revealed that most gynogenic A. cepa plants (86%) were haploids, while 9% were spontaneous diploids. In contrast, 77% of the gynogenic plants from A. roylei -derived plants were spontaneous diploids. Two gynogenic plants obtained from a BC 1 F 1 and one from a BC 1 F 2 plant produced small or medium size bulbs that dried down like A. cepa material; the remaining gynogenic plants produced non-dormant bulb-like structures. The possible contributions of doubled haploid A. roylei -derived plants to onion breeding are discussed.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix metastatic to the heart

Abstract An unusual case of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in a 33 year old with metastases to the right ventricle is presented. The infrequency of this finding is supported by autopsy data from the literature. The postulated mechanisms of spread, clinical presentations, and diagnostic methods of genital malignancies to the heart are discussed.
Reflex influences from the extrathoracic trachea during airway occlusion.

Abstract We have performed experiments in 26 dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital and fitted with an endotracheal tube. The inflatable cuff of this tube was positioned either at the level of the cricoid cartilage or at the thoracic inlet. In this latter situation the extrathoracic trachea (E.T.T.) is not subjected to any change in transmural pressure both during breathing and airway occlusion. We have compared the inspiratory output in term of the integrated phrenic discharge during airway occlusion at FRC with the tracheal tube positioned at either one of the two levels. In most of the experiments (16 out of 26) the inspiratory output during airway occlusion is significantly greater (157%) when the E.T.T. is not by-passed and this different disappears after bilateral vagotomy. We interpret these results by the asymmetrical response of the tracheal stretch receptors to psitive and negative transmural pressure (Pt); most of these receptors are active at FRC and decrease their activity at low negative Pt, as that attained in the first occlued breath. These results seem to suggest that the reflex influences from the extrathoracic tracheal receptors on the inspiratory output are similar to those originating from the intrathoracic airway stretch receptors.
The Impact of In-Class Service-Learning Projects

Service-learning has been shown to have many benefits, but it is often difficult to coordinate such projects due to increased outside demands on students’ time. One option is to make arrangements for students to fulfill their service obligations during regularly scheduled class time. This article examines whether the decrease in face time mitigates the positive impact of service-learning projects by comparing two sections of a political science class focusing on education policy; one of which had a service-learning requirement while the other did not. The results suggest the negative impact that reduced face time might have on student outcomes and course evaluations was offset by the positive impact of the service-learning project.
Investigation of metal matrix systems for cosmogenic 26Al analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry

Abstract We report experiments designed to help optimize accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) of 26Al (in the form of Al2O3) for geochronologic and geomorphologic applications. Analysis times are long and the precision of AMS are restricted by counting statistics for 26Al, which are in turn limited by the intensity of Al− beam currents. We show that ion beam currents are affected by the metal matrix in which Al2O3 is dispersed, by the matrix-to-Al2O3 mixing ratio, and for at least some matrices, such as Ag, by the depth to which the sample is packed in the AMS cathode. Typical instantaneous Al+7 currents (μA) produced by the LLNL CAMS Cs sputter ion source and measured in a Faraday cup after the accelerator are 2.26 for samples in Ag, 2.17 in Re, 2.00 in Nb, 1.92 in V and 1.73 in Mo. The AMS counting efficiency (Al− ions detected per Al atom loaded in the target) for a constant analysis time (900 s) and for equimolar mixtures of Al2O3 and matrix is in the range of 6 × 10−5–9 × 10−5 in the order Ag > Re > Nb > V > Mo. Additionally, we observed a correlation between the ion detection efficiency (Al ions detected per Al atoms loaded) and the matrix work function and inverse vaporization enthalpy of the matrix and beam current. Typical currents (μA) obtained with elemental Al are 13.3 for samples in no matrix, 3.23 in V, 3.14 in Nb, 3.07 in Re, 2.85 in Mo, 1.46 in Ag. The ion detection efficiency for elemental Al correlates strongly with matrix electron affinity. Thus, our data indicate that the current practice of mixing Al2O3 with Ag is reasonable until a means is found to produce cathodes of elemental Al.
SHIFTS AND WIDTHS OF SOME STARK-BROADENED OXYGEN LINES IN AN ARC PLASMA

A thermal oxygen plasma was generated in a wall-stabilized arc and its temperature and electron density were determined spectroscopically from the intensity measurement of an oxygen line of known transition probability. Observations were made over the range of electron densities from (1 to 6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and for temperatures around 10 000\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The profiles of several oxygen lines were scanned end on and side on, and the shifts and half-widths were compared with the results of a recently developed Stark-broadening theory for isolated lines of heavy elements. The agreement in the half-widths is very good, with deviations usually smaller than 10%. The ratio of measured to calculated width averaged over the six investigated multiplets is 1.00 with a standard deviation of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06. However, the agreement in the shifts is good only in those cases where the shifts are large. For the two strongly broadened multiplets at 6046 and 6455 \AA{}, detailed side-on observations were made at various radial distances. They show the theoretically expected linear dependence of half-widths and shifts on the electron density over the measured range. For the strong multiplet at 6455 \AA{} the intensity distribution in the distant line wings was measured, too, and could be represented by power laws with exponents of -1.96 for the blue wing and -1.91 for the red wing, in close agreement with theoretical asymptotic formulas.
Distribution of 32P in Laboratory Colonies of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) After Feeding on Labeled Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs: An Explanation of Discrepancies Encountered in Field Predation Experiments

Factors responsible for low recovery rates of radioactive Solenopsis invicta Buren following placement of 32P-labeled Heliothis zea (Boddie) eggs on cotton in field predation tests were investigated using laboratory colonies of the ants. S. invicta workers became radioactive while handling labeled eggs by rupturing the egg chorion or by picking up labeled substances present on the surface of eggs. Foragers that removed the eggs from the plants picked up significantly more of the label than did workers that were sampled from the colonies between 12 and 72 h after egg introduction. Percentage of workers that became labeled over time was much lower with the solid live food than in other studies that used powdered food sources. Problems in finding labeled ants in the field may have been associated with low mean levels of 32P per ant, together with difficulty in locating and isolating labeled ants from the population. Results indicate that egg predation rates estimated from counts per minute per predator have high variability, and suggest fairly large errors in estimates of eggs consumed per ant. Use of recovery rates of labeled predators to improve estimation of predation rates is discussed.
Characteristics of InP nanoneedles grown on silicon by low-temperature MOCVD

Recombination dynamics of InP nanoneedles on silicon is studied using time-resolved photoluminescence. Long recombination lifetime ∼13 ns and high IQE ∼ 10% are obtained for as-grown nanoneedles. Optically pumped nanoneedle laser is demonstrated at room temperature.
Physiological response of the stipitate understory kelp, Pterygophora californica Ruprecht, to shading by the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera C. Agardh

Abstract A canopy removal experiment was performed in Monterey Bay, California, USA, to determine the physiological response of the understory kelp, Pterygophora californica Ruprecht, to shading by the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera C. Agardh. The 28-day experiment was carried out at the end of the summer of 1989 when surface canopy development was at a maximum. Benthic light levels (PAR) increased 4–5 fold with thinning or removal of the surface canopy. Tissue samples collected during the experiment showed significant increases of mannitol (the sugar alcohol product of brown algal photosynthesis) within 14 days in thinned and cleared sites but not in controls. Concentrations of laminarin (carbohydrate storage polymer), free amino acids, tissue nitrate, and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, and fucoxanthin) showed no response within 28 days to surface canopy manipulations. Growth of new stipe and lateral sporophyll tissue was observed in thinned and cleared sites by the end of the experiment. Photosynthesis and growth of adult Pterygphora can be inhibited by a well-developed surface canopy of Macrocystis and plants can respond quickly once the canopy is removed, Since disturbance from storms is the primary natural mechanism of surface canopy removal, degree of development and persistence of an understory canopy may be indirectly controlled by wave exposure in forests of giant kelp.
A Comparison of Maladaptive Behaviors of Athletes and Nonathletes

Abstract A comparison of maladaptive behavior tendencies of men and women who were athletes and nonathletes was undertaken. Participating students (N = 200) were divided into four groups: male athletes, male nonathletes, female athletes, and female nonathletes. Maladaptive behavior tendencies were determined from responses on C. MacAndrew's (1965) Alcoholism Scale. The statistical analysis used was an independent groups 2×2 analysis of variance to determine significant main effects and interaction effects. The mean maladaptive behavior score (MBS) for athletes (M = 21.87) was significantly higher (p .05) between gender and athletic status was found. Male athletes are more likely than the other 3 groups to have maladaptive behavior tendencies. Research directed toward greater understanding and the development of preventiv...
Long-term renal functional effects of shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and combination therapy: a comparative study of patients with solitary kidney.

Purpose: We compared the long-term impact on renal function after shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy or the 2 techniques combined in patients with a solitary kidney.Materials and Methods: A total of 45 women and 38 men 15 to 86 years old (mean age 56.1) with a solitary kidney were treated with shock wave lithotripsy (53), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (18) or the 2 techniques combined (12). Before and after treatment serum creatinine, blood pressure and the calculated glomerular filtration rate were determined, and raw and calculated data were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and the Spearman correlation coefficient. Followup was 1 to 166.5 months (mean 53.0, median 46.9) overall and statistically equivalent in the 3 treatment arms.Results: Treatment groups were comparable in regard to patient age, sex distribution, weight, blood pressure and pretreatment serum creatinine. There was no significant difference in any evaluated pretreatment or posttre...