cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The regulatory domain of protein kinase C coordinates four atoms of zinc.

Protein kinase C (PKC) was found to be a zinc metallo-enzyme. Atomic absorption measurements on the intact enzyme indicated that four zinc atoms (4.2 +/- 0.5) were bound per PKC alpha molecule. Similar stoichiometric ratios were determined for PKC beta II and PKC gamma, other PKC isoforms individually expressed in the baculovirus-insect cell expression system, as well as for purified rat brain PKC. By trypsin treatment of PKC alpha, a 32-kDa lipid binding regulatory and a 50-kDa catalytic domain were generated that were subsequently completely separated by gel filtration in the presence of Triton X-100/phosphatidylserine mixed micelles. Zinc was present at levels significantly above background in fractions that contained the 32-kDa fragment and displayed phorbol ester binding activity. Lipid association and phorbol ester binding did not lead to displacement of zinc from the protein. The stoichiometry determined for this fragment (4.7 +/- 0.9) suggested that zinc was bound exclusively within the lipid binding regulatory domain of intact PKC. Furthermore, this stoichiometry is consistent with zinc being coordinated between 6 cysteine residues in a structural motif related to the Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster identified in the GAL4 transcriptional factor (Pan, T., and Coleman, J.E. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 2077-2081).
Regulation of Tryptophan Biosynthetic Enzymes in Neurospora crassa

The formation of enzymatic activities involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan in Neurospora crassa was examined under various conditions in several strains. With growth-limiting tryptophan, the formation of four enzymatic activities, anthranilic acid synthetase (AAS), anthranilate-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyl transferase (PRAT), indoleglycerol phosphate synthetase (InGPS), and tryptophan synthetase (TS) did not occur coordinately. AAS and TS activities began to increase immediately, whereas PRAT and InGPS activities began to increase only after 6 to 12 hr of incubation. In the presence of amitrole (3-amino-1,2,4-triazole), the formation of TS activity in a wild-type strain was more greatly enhanced than were AAS and InGPS activities. With a tr-3 mutant, which ordinarily exhibits an elevated TS activity, amitrole did not produce an increase in TS activity greater than that observed on limiting tryptophan. With tr-3 mutants, the increased levels of TS activity could be correlated with the accumulation of indoleglycerol in the medium; prior genetic blocks which prevented or reduced the synthesis of indoleglycerol also reduced the formation of TS activity. The addition of indoleglycerol to cultures of a double mutant (tr-1, tr-3) which could not synthesize indoleglycerol markedly stimulated the production of TS activity but not PRAT activity; the production of TS activity reached the same level with limiting or with excess tryptophan. A model explaining these and other related observations on enzyme formation in N. crassa is proposed.
Effect of type of delivery on future childbearing

Abstract 1.1. The fetal mortality ascribable to the method of delivery is 4 per cent in midforceps; 0.1 per cent in cesarean section, and essentially zero in spontaneous delivery. 2.2. The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage is 15 per cent in midforceps; 6.3 per cent in spontaneous delivery; and indeterminable in cesarean section. 3.3. The only maternal death ascribable to method of delivery was in the midforceps group. 4.4. The mother sustains serious lacerations of the genital tract in approximately 20 per cent of cases when delivered by midforceps, but the late effects of these are nearly negligible. 5.5. Spontaneous delivery is followed by further childbearing at the Sloane Hospital for Women in 62 per cent of cases, cesarean section in 52 per cent, and midforceps in 35 per cent. 6.6. Hemorrhage greater than 500 c.c. results in a probability of further childbearing of 35 per cent, and if shock is superimposed the probability drops to 25 per cent. 7.7. Spontaneous delivery not only is safest for mother and child, but also results in the greatest probability of future childbearing, and it should be sought for by all available means. Failing this, cesarean section is safer than midforceps and results in a greater probability of future childbearing. 8.8. The midforceps operation should seldom be performed.
Intelligent information infrastructure for group decision and negotiation support of concurrent engineering

Concurrent engineering is the activity that results in the design of a product taking into consideration downstream concerns, such as manufacturability, testability and maintainability of the designed product. Concurrent engineering is an example of group decision-making and negotiation that commonly occurs in organizations. It involves many agents (e.g. design, manufacturing, materials, marketing), each of which has its own feasibility and performance criteria. Conflicting goals and viewpoints that arise during the process are resolved through negotiation. The authors introduce the concept of intelligent information infrastructure to support the integration of distributed decision-making and negotiation among the heterogeneous functions of a manufacturing enterprise. >
Noble gas composition in rainwater and associated weather patterns

[1] This work represents the first comprehensive noble gas study in rainwater. It was carried out in southeast Michigan. Results show that all rainwater samples are in disequilibrium with surface conditions. Two noble gas patterns are identified. The first one, associated with low-pressure systems, presence of fog and light rainfall, displays a relative Ar enrichment together with Ne, Kr, and Xe depletion. The second one, associated with the passage of frontal systems, displays a mass-dependent depletion pattern. Precipitation is characterized by thunderstorms, heavy rainfall, and high cloud ceiling heights. A diffusion mass-transfer model suggests that noble gas patterns originate from ice. Complete re-equilibration with surface conditions should occur within hours. For the first time, this study establishes a direct correlation between the noble gas composition in rainwater and weather patterns and highlights their potential to identify timing and location of recharge in shallow aquifer systems where infiltration is rapid.
Synthesis, cure analysis, and composite properties of allylated cyclopentadiene resins

Allylated cyclopentadiene was synthesized through the phase transfer reaction of cyclopentadiene and allyl chloride in the presence of a strong base. The reaction yielded a mixture of isomers with 2 to 6 allyl groups per cyclopentadiene ring. Variations in reactant ratios changed product ratios only slightly; however, lower ratios of allyl chloride to cyclopentadiene (4:1 and 2:1) produced lower substituted products. DSC analysis of the ACP showed thermal cure without added catalyst. The total enthalpy of cure was ∼750 J/g with a peak energy at 310°C. FTIR analysis of the thermal cure showed the predominate cure mechanisms to be ene reactions and polyadditions of allyl groups with a small amount of oxidation. Partial curing (B-staging) of ACP was conducted thermally at 180 and 200°C. An increase in viscosity with time was found in each case with gelation occurring at 15 h and 3 h, respectively. ACP resin was also cured using various concentrations of peroxide and BF 3 dibutyl etherate catalysts. In all cases gelled materials were formed. ACP/ carbon fiber and ACP/glass fiber composites gave flexural moduli of 165 and 42 GPa, respectively. Flexural strength values were found to be 956 MPa for ACP/ carbon and 681 MPa for ACP/glass. Treatment of ACP/carbon fiber composites in boiling water or refluxing toluene had no significant effect on their mechanical properties.
Hemodynamic collapse following bilateral knee arthroplasty: a mysterious case

Severe hemodynamic collapse after knee surgery from bilateral adrenal hemorrhages is rare. Even rarer is it occurring from adrenal hemorrhage as a complication of heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Due to lack of awareness of this rare complication and associated complex scenario in critically ill patients, diagnosis is often made post mortem. A diagnosis of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage should be considered in any patient presenting with non-specific symptoms of fever, abdominal pain, confusion and rapid hemodynamic collapse not responding to standard therapy. This is crucial especially in the setting of heparin induced thrombocytopenia as thrombosis and not hemorrhage is often the most feared complication of this syndrome.
Middle Cambrian Section in Vicinity of Currant Creek, Nevada: ABSTRACT

A regional study of the White Pine Range, eastcentral Nevada, has disclosed in the vicinity of Currant Creek a previously undescribed Middle Cambrian section. Approximately 4,000 feet of strata composed dominantly of thin-bedded limestone and shales, lies directly above the Lower Cambrian Prospect Mountain quartzite, and below the Upper Cambrian Dunderberg formation. Though faulted, the section has yielded rich trilobite faunas representing in ascending order the Middle Cambrian zones: Albertella, Glossopleura and Bathyuriscus-Elrathina. The Bolaspidella zone may be present but is not recognizable because of structural complexities and scarcity of fossils. The Currant Creek section has been compared with that of the Pioche District, Nevada; House Range, Utah; and the Bear River Range, Utah-Idaho. Comparisons indicate that the Albertella zone of Currant Creek is similar to that of the Upper Pioche shale, Highland Peak Range, and the Naomi Peak limestone member of the Langston formation, Bear River Range. The Glossopleura zone is particularly well-developed in the Currant Creek section and the faunal assemblage is remarkably similar to that of the Spence shale of the Bear River Range. It may represent a westward extension of the extracratonic faunal environment postulated for the Spence shale and Langston limestone. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1773------------
Complications of smallpox vaccination. Effects of vaccinia immune globulin therapy

This is a report on the complications of smallpox vaccination and effects of vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) in 263 patients from the west coast. Many complications were clearly preventable. The data suggest that untoward reactions could have been prevented by withholding vaccinations from patients with leukemia, agammaglobulinemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, atopic eczema, and from those who had intimate contact with eczematoid individuals. The effectiveness of VIG was not studied in double-blind control; however, it seemed useful in atopic dermatitis, eye involvement, generalized vaccinia, and in some cases of vaccinia necrosum.
Dielectric Screening Treatment of Electrostatic Solvation

It has been shown previously that the solvation energies of small molecules can be computed to useful accuracy with continuum models of the solvent that separate the solvation energy into electrostatic and nonpolar parts. The electrostatic part of the solvation energy can be computed with detailed solutions of the Poisson equation, but such calculations are time-consuming. This paper examines the reliability of an approximate method for computing electrostatic solvation energies within the continuum model. The central approximation is that, although the electrostatic field is weakened by the high-dielectric solvent, the shape of the field is not influenced by the solvent. This “dielectric screening” approximation appears to work well when used with a nonlinear, lattice-based model of the solvent. Here, it is developed in the context of linear, continuum electrostatics. The optimal screening function is found to depend upon the distribution of charge within the solute. The present dielectric screening meth...
Psychosocial outcomes and coping after complete avulsion traumatic brachial plexus injury

AbstractPurpose: To understand psychosocial outcomes, coping and adjustment after complete avulsion traumatic brachial plexus injury (BPI). Method: We conducted a grounded theory analysis of 12 semi-structured patient interviews exploring psychosocial outcomes, augmented by quantitative evaluation of self-reported mental health and social functioning, body image and coping strategies obtained via three questionnaires (SF-36, Brief COPE and modified SWAP). Results: Subjects’ main sources of psychological stress were chronic pain, unemployment, decreased self-efficacy and social-emotional consequences of poor body image. One third of participants reported depression, half experienced anger and frustration and two-thirds were dissatisfied with the appearance of their affected limbs. Acceptance, active coping, planning and emotional support were the most frequently used coping strategies. Conclusions: Patients encounter high levels of physical and psychological stress after complete avulsion BPI and must find...
Unusual presentation of genital tract tuberculosis

A 27-year-old Mexican woman, gravida 2, para 0, abortus 1, presented to the emergency room with complaints of 2 weeks of vague abdominal pain and a history of menometrorrhagia for the prior 3 month...
Relationships among abiotic parameters and breeding effort by three amphibians in temporary wetlands of central Pennsylvania

We monitored 35 temporary wetlands in a ridge region (Rothrock State Forest=1991-R) of central Pennsylvania in 1991 and 15 temporary wetlands in each of three regions across a ridge (Rothrock State Forest=1992-R), plateau (Allegheny Front=1992-A), and valley (Barrens area, State Game lands=1992-B) landscape in central Pennsylvania in 1992 in order to identify correlations among several abiotic variables and breeding success of three amphibians (wood frogs—Rana sylvatica, Jefferson salamanders—Ambystoma jeffersonianum, and spotted salamanders—A. maculatum). The number of egg masses deposited byA. jeffersonianum was correlated positively with pH (1991-R, 1992-R) and alkalinity (1991-R) and negatively with [Al] (1991-R). Egg deposition byA. maculatum was correlated positively with pH (1991-R) and pond volume (1991-R, 1992-B) and negatively with total cations (Na, K, Mg, Ca, specific conductance) (1991-R) and [Si] (1992-B). Egg deposition byR. sylvatica was correlated positively with pond volume (1991-R, 1992-R) and dissolved organic carbon (1991-R). Three days following a rain event of 1.9 cm in April, 1991, the pH in four of nine ponds was significantly lower than three and five days prior to the rainfall. There were differences among some of the three regions in pond pH, [K], [Ca], [Al], [ortho-P], [dissolved organic carbon], alkalinity, [Zn], volume, and the number of egg masses ofR. sylvatica andA. maculatum, suggesting that temporary ponds are rather heterogeneous in their abiotic and biotic characteristics. There are landscapescale patterns (ridge, valley, plateau) that are especially deserving of additional study. Amphibian breeding success in temporary ponds of central Pennsylvania can be predicted in part by abiotic conditions such as pH, [Al], [total cations], [dissolved organic carbon], [Si], and pond volume. Further work is needed to determine which of these variables are causally linked to amphibian breeding and why there is variation among sites and years in the degree of correlation among abiotic and biotic variables.
Cognitive irrationality and defensiveness

Cognitive irrationality was related to defensiveness as measured by the Defense Mechanism Inventory of Gleser and Ihilevich. Rationality was positively related to the principalization and reversal ...
A comparative evaluation of rock strength measures

Abstract The variation in strength is investigated for eight lithologically similar, Silurian sedimentary rock units from the northeastern United States. The tests used for this investigation include the fracture toughness, uniaxial compression, point load index and Brazil tensile tests. The results show that the amount of variation associated with each test and formation is similar, although fracture toughness tests appear to give more consistent results. The strength and in situ location correlations indicate that the variation in strength within a unit is of the same order of magnitude as the variation associated with each test. Existing correlations among the tests are examined in the framework of the data, and new correlations for predicting fracture toughness are presented. The variation in strength with saturation for the sandstone is also examined; generally, the strength decreases with saturation. Lastly, the variation in strength as a function of lithological differences within one formation is evaluated. The results indicate that it may be more important to sample a rock unit selectively in a number of different locations than to do extensive testing in one location.
Acoustic levitating apparatus for submillimeter samples

A hemispherical focusing radiator has been employed to generate ultrahigh intensity sound waves in a gaseous medium at the center of curvature of the radiator (focal point) at 75, 107, and 163 kHz. A volumetric force is produced by optimally placing a reflector in the vicinity of the focal point to levitate samples of submillimeter sizes. It has been demonstrated that a sample with a specific gravity of 19.3 can be levitated with this apparatus. The lateral positional wandering of the sample in the force well is estimated at less than 5% of the dimension of the sample size used.
Carbon number, pyrrolic structure and sequencing information of porphyrin structure in one experiment by desorption tandem mass spectrometry—relevance for geoporphyrins

Abstract Mass spectrometric structure elucidation of geoporphyrin biomarkers is important in petroleum exploration, as it can yield information about sample maturity, depositional environment, and oil-source rock correlation. Typically, electron ionization experiments are used to determine the molecular weight, or carbon-number of porphyrins, and can also provide structural information about peripheral substituents. Chemical ionization experiments can then be used to sequence the pyrrolic rings within the porphyrin macrocycle. These two separate types of experiments provide complementary structural information. A tandem mass spectrometric technique is described here which provides both of these types of structural information in the same experiment.
Comparison of Sample Preparation and Analysis Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Solid-Phase Microextraction to Determine Monohydroxy PAH in Urine by GC/HRMS

Sample preparation techniques using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) are compared for the analysis of monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OHPAH) in human urine. Urine samples spiked with five carbon-13 labeled internal standards are first enzymatically hydrolyzed. Sixteen OHPAH from eight parent compounds (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo[ c ]phenanthrene, and benz[ a ]anthracene) are then extracted along with the internal standards by these two different techniques. The analytes are derivatized by a silylating reagent before final analysis. Final separation and detection are performed by temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography (GC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The two extraction techniques are compared for sample preparation time, cost, throughput, reinjection possibility, frequency of outliers, matrix interference, signal linearity, and method detection limit. SPE demonstrates major advant...
An essential nuclear envelope integral membrane protein, Brr6p, required for nuclear transport

Despite rapid advances in our understanding of the function of the nuclear pore complex in nuclear transport, little is known about the role the nuclear envelope itself may play in this critical process. A small number of integral membrane proteins specific to the envelope have been identified in budding yeast, however, none has been reported to affect transport. We have identified an essential gene, BRR6, whose product, Brr6p, behaves like a nuclear envelope integral membrane protein. Notably, the brr6-1 mutant specifically affects transport of mRNA and a protein reporter containing a nuclear export signal. In addition, Brr6p depletion alters nucleoporin distribution and nuclear envelope morphology, suggesting that the protein is required for the spatial organization of nuclear pores. BRR6 interacts genetically with a subset of nucleoporins, and Brr6-green fluorescent protein (GFP) localizes in a punctate nuclear rim pattern, suggesting location at or near the nuclear pore. However, Brr6-GFP fails to redistribute in a Δnup133 mutant, distinguishing Brr6p from known proteins of the pore membrane domain. We hypothesize that Brr6p is located adjacent to the nuclear pore and interacts functionally with the pore and transport machinery.
Experiments to compare rough sets and vector quantization with the self-organizing algorithm

This paper presents a comparison study of the rough set approach and Kohonen's vector quantization with the self- organizing algorithm. The main idea behind this research is the fact that neither the rough set nor Kohonen's neural network approaches require a prior knowledge of data distribution. The paradigms are compared in terms of their methods for the calculation of an accuracy of approximation and classification, reduction of non-significant attributes, minimal subset of attributes, and the uncertainty associated with the decision making process.
An efficient parallel scheme for minimizing a sum of Euclidean norms

Abstract The problem of minimizing a weighted sum of Euclidean norms is considered. Applications include minimal-surface computations. A robust parallel algorithm, based upon a line-search Newton's method, is presented which takes full advantage of the structure of the problem in order to fully utilize vectorization and concurrency in the computations. The proposed method can achieve good performance, especially on a machine with an architecture that combines vector and parallel capabilities on a two-level shared memory structure such as that on the Alliant FX/8 system. Performance results are given on the Alliant to illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm.
Transform Methods to Test the Validity of Using Nonlinear Extrapolation and a Justification for Its Use on Fourier Series

Shanks has developed a powerful nonlinear extrapolation method by assuming a partial series can be decomposed into a finite sum of exponential transients. The use of this extrapolation method is rarely justified, however. This paper presents a means for determining the transient order of a partial series as well as a justification for its use on Fourier series.
A compendium of practical techniques for HCI instruction

HCI is a booming discipline. At CHI 99, the "jobs board" was overflowing with notices of available positions, while the "resume board" was nearly empty. Exhibitors who came to the conference to headhunt complained that nobody was looking for a job, because everybody already had one. The demand for HCI professionals is causing increased demand for undergraduate, graduate, certificate, and professional education programs. More programs mean more instructors, and more instructors mean more people trying to figure out how to teach in the ill-defined, multi-disciplinary field of HCI. There are textbooks and curriculum reports to help them decide what to teach. The results of this workshop will help them decide how to teach it.For curriculum ideas, instructors can consult the reports of the ACM SIGCHI Curriculum Development Group [1] and the NSF/DARPA workshop on New Directions in HCI [5]. For textbook suggestions, they can consult annotated reading lists by Gary Perlman [2], Andrew Sears [3], and others. For suggestions of instructional materials, they can see, for example, the website that accompanies the 3rd edition of Ben Shneiderman's textbook [4]. But there is nowhere they can turn where experienced HCI instructors say, "Here's my technique, here's some evidence that it's successful when I use it, and here's enough information about the materials and the methods that you can reproduce it in your own instructional setting."Like the "Famous CHI Educators Tell All" panel at CHI 98 [6], this workshop focuses on practical techniques for teaching HCI. The participants are accomplished HCI instructors from industry and academia, who offer techniques from their own instructional "toolkits" to be evaluated for practicality, reproducibility by other instructors, and success. Some of the techniques will end up in an anthology that will serve as a resource for HCI instructors.
Socialization of Emotion and Offspring Internalizing Symptoms in Mothers with Childhood-Onset Depression.

Abstract This study examines how mothers with and without a history of childhood-onset depression respond to their 3–9 year-old children's emotions. Mother–child dyads included 55 offspring of mothers with a history of childhood-onset depressive disorders and 57 offspring of never-depressed mothers. Mothers with a history of childhood depression were less likely than control mothers to respond in supportive ways to their children's negative emotions and were more likely to magnify, punish, or neglect their children's negative emotions. Magnification, neglect, and punishment of children's negative emotions were concurrently associated with children's internalizing symptoms, and neglect and punishment were associated with internalizing over a one year follow-up. Maternal neglect of children's negative emotion was positively associated with later internalizing symptoms for children who already had higher internalizing symptoms at the initial assessment. Findings suggest that atypical socialization of emotion may be one mechanism in the development of internalizing disorders.
Spinal cavernous and capillary hemangiomas in adults.

Study design Retrospective cohort analysis. Objective To evaluate the neurological outcomes after resection of intramedullary, intradural extramedullary, and extradural hemangiomas. Summary of background data Spinal hemangiomas most commonly arise in the vertebral bodies and are typically asymptomatic. Uncommonly, hemangiomas may cause significant neurological deficits via extraosseous extension. Intramedullary hemangiomas may also occur and account for approximately 5% of all spinal cord lesions, with those located intradural extramedullary occurring rarely. Although retrospective studies have primarily examined the neurological outcome of intramedullary and vertebral hemangiomas, there is little literature comparing outcomes after surgical treatment of hemangiomas of varying location. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all patients treated for hemangiomas affecting the spinal cord at our institution between 1999 and 2012. Various patient, clinical, and tumor data were collected including patient demographics, neurological examinations, and procedure, clinic, and pathology notes. Imaging studies were evaluated to determine the extent of resection, presence of recurrence, and lesion volume. Functional status was defined using the Modified McCormick Scale (MMS). Results A total of 19 patients were evaluated, with our cohort consisting of 8 intramedullary, 5 intradural extramedullary, and 6 vertebral hemangiomas with extraosseous extension. Cavernous hemangiomas were most common (47.4%), followed by those of the capillary type. At long-term follow-up, 73.7% of patients had improved neurological outcome and 15.8% had worsened. However, only 50% of patients with intramedullary hemangiomas improved, compared with 80% and 100% for intradural extramedullary and vertebral hemangiomas, respectively. Also, those with intramedullary lesions more frequently had worse outcomes after surgery (25%) than those with intradural extramedullary (20%) and vertebral hemangiomas (0%). Conclusion Although all patients typically present with a similar functional status, patients with intramedullary lesions are more unlikely to improve after surgical resection and derive less of a benefit compared with those with intradural extramedullary and vertebral hemangiomas.
Family functioning and psychopathology among adolescents with severe emotional disturbances

Family psychosocial functioning and its relation to psychopathology among adolescents with severe emotional disturbances (SED) was assessed. Subjects were 353 adolescents with SED, ages 12-18, and their parents. During a semi-structured interview, adolescents were administered Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES-III), Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Child Version (DISC-C), and the Self-Derogation Scale. Parents were administered FACES-IIII and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) in a phone interview. Results indicated that on the FACES-IIII cohesion dimension, both parents and adolescents perceived their family relations as more disengaged and less connected than did normative families (p less than .001). In contrast, only parent FACES-IIII adaptability scores were significantly more extreme than a normative sample (p less than .01). Additionally, both parent and adolescent cohesion scores were significantly correlated with adolescent psychopathology measures: DISC-C conduct disorder (p less than .01), depression (p less than .05), alcohol/marijuana (p less than .01), and CBCL externalizing symptoms (p less than .01). These relationships did not deviate from linearity.
Biosensor for selective detection of E. coli in spinach using the strong affinity of derivatized mannose with fimbrial lectin

Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination in foods and water resources represents a major threat for human health and the environment. This work exploits the strong affinity of mannose-containing oligosaccharides with the fimbrial lectin of E. coli to design novel biosensors. Modified carbohydrate ligands were synthesized by introducing phenyl residues and aliphatic chains to mannose via reductive amination in order to increase both the affinity and selectivity to E. coli compared to other pathogenic bacteria. The synthesized ligands include p-thiolphenyl aminomannose (PTAM), p-carboxyphenyl aminomannose (PCAM), 1-deoxy-1-aminomannopyranoside (DAMP), glucosamine and low molecular weight chitosan bonded to mercapto undecanoic acid. The structures of the ligands were confirmed using (1)H NMR and 1H, (13)C, COZY NMR, and ESI/MS. The ligands were immobilized onto gold electrodes and SPR surfaces using-mercaptoundecanoic acid with glycine as deactivating agent. Two detection mechanisms were tested: (i) metal-enhanced electrochemical detection (MED) and (ii) label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection. The introduction of phenyl residues and aliphatic side groups to the mannose-containing oligosaccharides produced extremely high affinity for E. coli with detection limit of 1 cfu/mL. The relative selectivity of these ligands for E. coli, Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus epidermidis were 100%, 2.6% and 8.6% respectively. The biosensors were validated using spinach leaves at 3.0 cfu/mL. The work provides a generic biosensor for other pathogenic bacteria by enabling multivalent binding, immediate recognition for pathogens as well as inhibition of bacterial growth.
Performance analysis of Pluto/Express, multitube AMTEC cells

Abstract An AMTEC performance and evaluation analysis model (APEAM) was developed to predict the performance of next-generation Pluto/Express, multitube, vapor-anode alkali–metal thermal-to-electric conversion (AMTEC) cells. The model results compared well with the experimental data of PX-4C, PX-5A and PX-3A cells, tested at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The effects of various design changes on the performance of the cells were investigated. These changes were: (a) using a Creare condenser; (b) changing the number of BASE tubes and the electrode length; (c) using other electrode materials; (d) using molybdenum (Mo) structure on the hot side of the cell; and (e) using reflective rhodium coatings in the low vapor pressure cavity of the cell. The results showed that a stainless steel (SS) structure cell with improved electrodes (50% lower contact resistance than TiN, and an exchange current coefficient=200 A.K 1/2 /Pa.m 2 ) could deliver 7.1 We at 3.5 V and an efficiency of 19.5%. When Mo was substituted for the SS on the hot side of the cell, the electrical power output increased to 8.8 We, and the cell efficiency increased to 20.2%. Using rhodium coatings in the Mo/SS cell increased the electrical power output to 9.7 We and the conversion efficiency to 22.5%.
Rate-dependence of yielding in ethylene–methacrylic acid copolymers

Abstract It is well known that reducing the crystal thickness of polyethylene, by copolymerization with an α-olefin, decreases the yield stress. By contrast, incorporation of methacrylic acid (MAA) – also a noncrystallizable comonomer – results in a marked increase of the yield stress at room temperature at typical strain rates. We show that, in addition to crystal plasticity, one must consider the active mechanical relaxations to understand this phenomenon. For ethylene–methacrylic acid copolymers, the α and β relaxations are important over the range of conditions probed in this study, and the increase in the β relaxation (glass transition) temperature with MAA content is identified as the source of this peculiar behavior. The yield stress of these materials is adequately described by a model combining thermal nucleation of dislocations in the crystals with a Ree–Eyring dependence for yielding in the amorphous phase, all with physically reasonable parameter values. Yield stress master curves may be created from data taken at various temperatures and strain rates, and are presented herein for low-density polyethylene and five ethylene–methacrylic acid copolymers of varying MAA content.
A Data-Based State Feedback Control Method for a Class of Nonlinear Systems

In this paper, a data-based state feedback control method is developed for a class of nonlinear systems. It is a real-time control method, which requires little prior knowledge about the system dynamics, and does not need to know or to build the mathematical model of the system. We apply a fast sampling technique to sample the state signal, which contains useful information of the system. The zero-order hold (ZOH) and the control switch are also used to obtain system information. The feedback gain matrix is calculated and adjusted according to these sampled data. Theoretical analysis on the convergence and simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of this data-based control method.
Repair of Primum ASD with Cleft Mitral Valve

Primum atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common congenital cardiac anomaly that is typically repaired in the first years of life. Operative correction typically involves patch closure of the septal defect and closure of the left atrioventricular valve cleft. Symptoms in the first months of life should alert one to the possibility of associated left-side obstructive lesions which may complicate management and outcome.
The median of the maximum entropy distribution

Abstract When the sample size n is even, the median of the maximum entropy (ME) distribution is identical to the conventional sample median (the arithmetic mean of the two middle observations). When n is odd, these medians differ. For odd-sized samples from a normal distribution, the ME median has smaller mean square error than the sample median.
Further steroidal and flavonoid constituents of the sweet plant, Polypodium glycyrrhiza

Abstract Two novel steroidal glycosides, polypodosides B and C, as well as three known compounds, polypodine B, (+)-catechin and (+)-afzelechin, were isolated from the rhizomes of the sweet plant, Polypodium glycyrrhiza . By the application of various spectral methods, polypodosides B and C were assigned the structures, 26- O -α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-polypodogenin-3- O -β- d -glucopyranoside and 26- O -α- l -acofriopyranosyl-polypodogenin-3- O -β- d -glucopyranoside, respectively. Polypodoside B tasted sweet, although polypodoside C was devoid of this effect.
Maximization of DRAM yield by control of surface charge and particle addition during high dose implantation

Abstract Ion implantation processing exposes semiconductor devices to an energetic ion beam in order to deposit dopant ions in shallow layers. In addition to this primary process, foreign materials are deposited as particles and surface films. The deposition of particles is a major cause of IC yield loss and becomes even more significant as device dimensions are decreased. Control of particle addition in a high-volume production environment requires procedures to limit beamline and endstation sources, control of particle transport, cleaning procedures and a well grounded preventative maintenance philosophy. Control of surface charge by optimization of the ion beam and electron shower conditions and measurement with a real-time charge sensor has been effective in improving the yield of NMOS and CMOS DRAMs. Control of surface voltages to a range between 0 and −20 V was correlated with good implant yield with PI9200 implanters for p + and n + source-drain implants.
Judgment of Line Orientation: An Examination of Eight Short Forms

The Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test is a commonly used measure of visuospatial perception. Because of its length, several short forms have appeared in the literature. We examined the internal consistency of the JLO and eight of its published short forms among 128 undergraduates, 203 healthy older adults, and 55 chronic kidney disease patients. The full test demonstrated good reliability for traditional neuropsychological assessment, but the majority of short forms were adequate only for screening purposes, where greater measurement error is typically permitted in exchange for brevity. In contrast, a recently developed short form based upon item response theory demonstrated promise as a stand-alone measure.
Top-of-barrier electrons

Abstract The energy and angular distribution of electrons ejected from one-electron species by fast ion impact show two noticable features, namely, the binary encounter ridge and the continuum capture cusp. No other features have been conclusively identified although there has been some contradictory evidence for a third feature, namely, saddle point or top-of-barrier electrons. For electrons ejected from atoms by ions with velocities below the mean electron velocity in the initial state, both the binary encounter ridge and the continuum capture cusp are suppressed. In this region the top-of-barrier mechanism is predicted to contribute strongly to ionization. Theoretical and experimental evidence for the associated top-of-barrier electrons is reviewed.
Monomeric Synucleins Generate Membrane Curvature

Synucleins are a family of presynaptic membrane binding proteins. α-Synuclein, the principal member of this family, is mutated in familial Parkinson disease. To gain insight into the molecular functions of synucleins, we performed an unbiased proteomic screen and identified synaptic protein changes in αβγ-synuclein knock-out brains. We observed increases in the levels of select membrane curvature sensing/generating proteins. One of the most prominent changes was for the N-BAR protein endophilin A1. Here we demonstrate that the levels of synucleins and endophilin A1 are reciprocally regulated and that they are functionally related. We show that all synucleins can robustly generate membrane curvature similar to endophilins. However, only monomeric but not tetrameric α-synuclein can bend membranes. Further, A30P α-synuclein, a Parkinson disease mutant that disrupts protein folding, is also deficient in this activity. This suggests that synucleins generate membrane curvature through the asymmetric insertion of their N-terminal amphipathic helix. Based on our findings, we propose to include synucleins in the class of amphipathic helix-containing proteins that sense and generate membrane curvature. These results advance our understanding of the physiological function of synucleins.
Elementary integral of Bessel functions.

The integral of a spherical Bessel function times a spherical Neumann function was evaluated long ago using the fundamental Weber-Schafheitlin integral, is in any good integral table, and has precisely the value we assigned it in a previous Comment [Phys. Rev. B 39, 10 415 (1989)]. Badralexe and Freeman, in the Reply [Phys. Rev. B 39, 10 415 (1989)] to that Comment, incorrectly assert that this integral is not convergent. Based on this assertion they conclude that the analytic proof that the multiple-scattering band theory we previously derived exactly solves the empty-lattice test is in error. This integral is mathematically well defined and our previous conclusions are correct.
A NEW METHOD FOR MEASURING MANUFACTURING

OW much manufacturing is there in Pittsburgh, in King County, Washington, or in the State of Texas? How important is manufacturing in the economy of these areas? How may the quantity and importance of manufacturing in one of them best be compared with the quantity and importance of manufacturing in the others? Should measurements and comparisons be made on the basis of employment, value added by manufacture, energy consumed, salaries and wages, or in some other way? Answers to questions of this nature should facilitate the progress of manufacturing geography. The purpose of this paper is to present a method for the measurement of two aspects of manufacturing, magnitude and intensity. Magnitude is used here to mean quantity of manufacturing and intensity refers to the importance of manufacturing in the economy. In contrast to conventional procedures, this method employs the use of multiple criteria. Numerous geographic studies' have dealt with the distribution of manufacturing, and some have discussed problems of manufacturing measurement. Manufacturing regions, subregions, and various other types of concentrations have been identified and delineated. These studies have employed a wide variety of criteria for measuring manufacturing conditions, but usually only one criterion was used in each study. When several criteria were used, each was generally presented on separate maps. In some cases these maps were combined to derive patterns. Value added by manufacture, value of products shipped, production workers, all employees in manufacturing, wages, salaries and wages, power consumed, physical quantity of production, floor space, and other criteria have been used. Some writers have insisted that value added by manufacture is the best criterion for measurement; others have strongly favored power consumed. Figures for employment are perhaps most widely used today because of their common inclusion in censuses and because of their freedom from the problems of deflation associated with statistics involving money.
Uranium in Todilto Limestone—Sabkha-Like Deposit: ABSTRACT

The Todilto Limestone was deposited in or near a large lake that at times became restricted and evaporated to dryness. The formation has two members: a lower limestone and an upper gypsum member. The limestone member has been divided informally into three zones: the lower "platy" zone, a middle "crinkly" zone, and an upper "recrystallized" zone. The platy zone is interpreted to have been deposited below wave base under anoxic conditions. The crinkly zone has thin stromatolitic laminations and may form algal domes. The upper recrystallized zone appears in part to be a collapsed breccia caused by the removal of interbedded gypsum. Uranium ore is restricted primarily to the "crinkly" and recrystallized zones. These two zones may have been formed in a sabkha-like environment. /P> A. R. Renfro has proposed a sabkha origin for some stratiform copper deposits. The same conditions that cause copper to precipitate would also cause uranium to precipitate. Groundwater bearing U+6 could be drawn upward by evaporative pumping through the decaying algal-mat zone where the uranium would be reduced to U+4 and precipitated. Carbonate materials lithify early destroying permeability so that uranium emplacement must occur before lithification. Radioisotope dates on uraninite in the Todilto Limestone indicate ore emplacement shortly after deposition. Uranium-bearing groundwater moved basinward in the underlying Entrada Sandstone and was drawn upward through the stromatolitic zones along the southwest margins of Lake Todilto and uranium was precipitated. > End_of_Article - Last_Page 692------------
The SUN Protein Mps3 Is Required for Spindle Pole Body Insertion into the Nuclear Membrane and Nuclear Envelope Homeostasis

The budding yeast spindle pole body (SPB) is anchored in the nuclear envelope so that it can simultaneously nucleate both nuclear and cytoplasmic microtubules. During SPB duplication, the newly formed SPB is inserted into the nuclear membrane. The mechanism of SPB insertion is poorly understood but likely involves the action of integral membrane proteins to mediate changes in the nuclear envelope itself, such as fusion of the inner and outer nuclear membranes. Analysis of the functional domains of the budding yeast SUN protein and SPB component Mps3 revealed that most regions are not essential for growth or SPB duplication under wild-type conditions. However, a novel dominant allele in the P-loop region, MPS3-G186K, displays defects in multiple steps in SPB duplication, including SPB insertion, indicating a previously unknown role for Mps3 in this step of SPB assembly. Characterization of the MPS3-G186K mutant by electron microscopy revealed severe over-proliferation of the inner nuclear membrane, which could be rescued by altering the characteristics of the nuclear envelope using both chemical and genetic methods. Lipid profiling revealed that cells lacking MPS3 contain abnormal amounts of certain types of polar and neutral lipids, and deletion or mutation of MPS3 can suppress growth defects associated with inhibition of sterol biosynthesis, suggesting that Mps3 directly affects lipid homeostasis. Therefore, we propose that Mps3 facilitates insertion of SPBs in the nuclear membrane by modulating nuclear envelope composition.
Reflections on the mercenary option

Throughout recorded history mercenary soldiers have appeared as central players in organised warfare in the Western world. Contemporary discussions and analysis tend to be coloured either by assumptions about mercenary character and performance which stem from an idealised picture of the relationship between citizenship and military obligation in the twentieth century or by the romantic illusions created by popular culture. These assumptions along with the ‘politics of definition’ often form the backdrop for analyses of the use and performance of mercenary troops in other eras as well. A clear evaluation of mercenary performance requires avoiding a priori presumptions that automatically relegate all employment of mercenaries to the status of a second best option.
First planet confirmation with the exoplanet tracker

The Exoplanet Tracker (ET) is a new concept of instrument for measuring stellar radial velocity variations. ET is based on a dispersed fixed-delay interferometer, a combination of Michelson interferometer and medium resolution (R~6700) spectrograph which overlays interferometer fringes on a long-slit stellar spectrum. By measuring shifts in the fringes rather than the Doppler shifts in the absorption lines themselves, we are able to make accurate stellar radial velocity measurements with a high throughput and low cost instrument. The single-order operation of the instrument can also in principle allow multi-object observations. We plan eventually to conduct deep large scale surveys for extra-solar planets using this technique. We present confirmation of the planetary companion to 51Peg from our first stellar observations at the Kitt Peak 2.1m telescope, showing results consistent with previous observations. We outline the fundamentals of the instrument, and summarize our current progress in terms of accuracy and throughput.