cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Lesions After Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Risk of Stroke: A MISTIE III and ATACH-2 Analysis.

Background and Purpose: Punctate ischemic lesions noted on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are associated with poor functional outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Whether these lesions ...
Zwitterionic Ion-Selective Membranes with Tunable Subnanometer Pores and Excellent Fouling Resistance

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes are an energy-efficient, scalable technology for water treatment and reuse. However, they are prone to fouling and offer limited selectivity between ions, hampering th...
Reducing delays to lung cancer treatment through systematic consult scheduling: A multidisciplinary quality improvement initiative at a safety-net hospital.

e18640Background: Delays in diagnosis and treatment have been identified as practice gaps in lung cancer management. At our large safety-net hospital, 2016-2018 data provided by the Commission on C...
Substance Use Outcomes from Two Formats of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Aggressive Children: Moderating Roles of Inhibitory Control and Intervention Engagement.

Although cognitive-behavioral interventions have reduced the risk of substance use, little is known about moderating factors in children with disruptive behaviors. This study examined whether aggressive preadolescents’ inhibitory control and intervention engagement moderates the effect of group versus individual delivery on their substance use. Following screening for aggression in 4th grade, 360 children were randomly assigned to receive the Coping Power intervention in either group or individual formats. The sample was primarily African American (78%) and male (65%). Assessments were made of children’s self-reported substance use from preintervention through a six-year follow-up after intervention, parent-reported inhibitory control at preintervention, and observed behavioral engagement in the group intervention. Multilevel growth modeling found lower increases in substance use slopes for children with low inhibitory control receiving individual intervention, and for children with higher inhibitory control receiving group intervention. Children with low inhibitory control but who displayed more positive behavioral engagement in the group sessions had slower increases in their substance use than did similar children without positive engagement. Aggressive children’s level of inhibitory control can lead to tailoring of group versus individual delivery of intervention. Children’s positive behavioral engagement in group sessions is a protective factor for children with low inhibitory control.
On the Rotation of the Field from a Dipole using Transformation Electromagnetics

Using a coordinate transformation approach a new material is designed such that a horizontal dipole embedded in this material has a field external to the material with the behavior of a vertical dipole in free space. The material is a square rotator medium designed using appropriate coordinate transformations. Numerical simulations are performed in the COMSOL Multiphysics tool to validate the theory used to define the material parameters and to demonstrate the success of the proposed material-embedded horizontal dipole at microwave frequencies. It is believed that the proposed coordinate transformations-based material embedded antenna could have tremendous potential in phased array scanning.
MoDALAS: Model-Driven Assurance for Learning-Enabled Autonomous Systems

Increasingly, safety-critical systems include artificial intelligence and machine learning components (i.e., Learning-Enabled Components (LECs)). However, when behavior is learned in a training environment that fails to fully capture real-world phenomena, the response of an LEC to untrained phenomena is uncertain, and therefore cannot be assured as safe. Automated methods are needed for self-assessment and adaptation to decide when learned behavior can be trusted. This work introduces a model-driven approach to manage self-adaptation of a Learning-Enabled System (LES) to account for run-time contexts for which the learned behavior of LECs cannot be trusted. The resulting framework enables an LES to monitor and evaluate goal models at run time to determine whether or not LECs can be expected to meet functional objectives. Using this framework enables stakeholders to have more confidence that LECs are used only in contexts comparable to those validated at design time.
Taking Heaven by Storm

One of the most important themes in the discussion about Latin American university transformation is what kind of curriculum and knowledge-construction should be sustained in the public universities, especially from critical and progressive perspectives.
Kernel methods for nonlinear discriminative data analysis

Optimal Component Analysis (OCA) is a linear subspace technique for dimensionality reduction designed to optimize object classification and recognition performance. The linear nature of OCA often limits recognition performance, if the underlying data structure is nonlinear or cluster structures are complex. To address these problems, we investigate a kernel analogue of OCA, which consists of applying OCA techniques to the data after it has been mapped nonlinearly into a new feature space, typically a high (possibly infinite) dimensional Hilbert space. In this paper, we study both the theoretical and algorithmic aspects of the problem and report results obtained in several object recognition experiments.
Low power method for demodulation of continuous phase modulated (CPM) waveforms

CPM waveforms, which are documented in MIL-STD-188-181B, are typically demodulated in superheterodyne receivers. This paper provides an outline for an alternate method of demodulation. The pulse count demodulation scheme is typically used as a method for demodulation of FM voice signals. The pulse count demodulator does not require fast A/D converters or automatic gain control anywhere in the receive path of the radio. Thus, the receive radio architecture can be designed without these components, decreasing the power requirements and size of the RF portion of the receiver. This paper investigates the performance characteristics of the CPM signal as demodulated through the pulse count demodulator. Some analysis is performed on the extent of the limitations in amplitude and phase accuracy and resolution. The design of the PCD is discussed and this paper provides the simulated results that represent the ultimate performance of the CPM waveform as demodulated through the pulse count demodulator.
Faith, charity, and terror

How would you finance a terrorist operation? Even if you are clever about raising funds you need to find a way to hide their eventual purpose and get the money to your people undetected. Electronic surveillance may pick up on your wire transfers and couriers are vulnerable to interception and betrayal. But just as you might hide an arms cache in a place of worship or a bomb in a baby carriage, funds may be kept safe in a dummy bank account, behind a legitimate business front, or replaced by a process of barter. Much depends, of course, on how much money is involved. Even if a suicide bomber’s vest costs (by some estimates) only $1,500–4,300, and the whole 9/11 operation (as the 9/11 Commission Report stated) just half a million dollars, substantially more money will be needed for training, safe houses, and support structures. But if the sums raised and the reasons for their contribution are commingled with humanitarian and political ends, you might marshal a wide variety of interests and mechanisms to your enterprise. You might even rely on faith, trust, and charity. Faith may help in raising money, especially if ‘good works’ encompass both social welfare and relieving the believers’ felt sense of injury. Indeed, it is precisely because many radical movements supply the safety net of clinics, schools, and emergency assistance local governments fail to provide that confidence and support for these organizations have grown. After natural or man-made disasters, it is commonly the Islamic charities that precede and displace government assistance, as evinced in the immediate offer by Hezbollah of $12,000 per Lebanese family to Cont Islam (2008) 2:139–145 DOI 10.1007/s11562-008-0042-2
Something Drawn, Something Touched, Something Scrolled: An Exploratory Comparison of Perimeter and Area Interventions Including Kidspiration.

This exploratory study compared a computer-based mathematics education intervention with two more traditional approaches with the purpose of improving instruction in perimeter and area. Kidspiration software, tile/stick manipulatives and pencil/paper-based copying/drawing of shapes were implemented in a 3rd Grade New York City public school classroom. This study demonstrated student improvement across the three interventions when comparing pre-intervention and post-intervention test scores. Students who engaged with the copying/drawing shapes intervention demonstrated the greatest test score improvement after the intervention, those who used Kidspiration ranked second and tile/stick manipulatives were third. When queried about their perceptions of the efficacy of these interventions, students generally perceived all three of the interventions as being positive in improving their learning of perimeter and area. Developing new methods to address deficiencies in current forms of assessment that would highlight the benefits of non-traditional forms of education, such as technological initiatives, is recommended.
Monte Carlo Computations of the Hadronic Mass Spectrum

This paper summarizes two talks presented at the Orbis Scientiae Meeting, 1982. Monte Carlo results on the mass gap (or glueball mass) and on the masses of the lightest quark-model hadrons are illustrated.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy

Introduction. There is renewed interest in the use of electrical stimulation to control seizures in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. The evidence indicates that multiple nuclei are involved in the onset, spread, or termination of seizures. Establishing electrical stimulation parameters tailored to these nuclei that best control seizures is ongoing. Methods. The aim of this article is to review the published literature on electrical stimulation of the brain for epilepsy in animals and humans. Results. Animal and human research efforts have focused primarily on the study of the cerebellum, anterior thalamus, centromedian thalamus, substania nigra, caudate nucleus, subthalamic nucleus, and amygdalo-hippocampal complex. Electrical stimulation of deep brain nuclei has in some instances controlled seizures and epilepsy. The advent of seizure detection devices used in closed-loop studies has in part redefined the strategy to prevent seizure occurrence and limit spread. Discussion. A number of studies in animals and humans indicate that electrical stimulation may be an alternative treatment for some patients with medically intractable epilepsy who are not candidates for conventional surgical options. Conclusion. The reduction in the number and/or severity of seizures found in some studies supports further investigation into the effects of electrical stimulation on the brain and the continuation of testing in animals and humans.
Adaptive position/force control of robot manipulators without velocity measurements

In this paper, we present an adaptive partial state feedback position/force controller for rigid-link robot manipulators under constrained motion. The proposed controller can compensate for parametric uncertainty while only requiring measurements of link position and end-effector force. The control strategy provides semi-global asymptotic tracking performance for the position of the end-effector and the interaction force between the constraint and the end-effector.
Equalization for multipulse modulation

Equalization for inter-symbol interference (ISI) channels for single-pulse modulation schemes such as pulse- and quadrature amplitude modulation (PAM, QAM) is a mature branch of communication theory. However, multipulse modulation, a simple example of which is FSK, is seen as a nonlinear modulation technique, so that equalization of ISI channels for such modulation is described as being difficult (Lee and Messerschmitt, 1994). It is demonstrated here that that is not the case. In particular, we obtain linear and decision feedback zero-forcing equalizers for multipulse modulation. These equalizers are multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) filters and they are the natural counterparts of the single-input, single-output (SISO) linear and decision feedback zero-forcing equalizers for single-pulse modulation.
The Torah code controversy

We briefly explain what a Torah code is and give an example of one. We show how to calculate the probability of its occurrence in a suitably defined population of texts. We explain how it is possible to misadvertise the computed probabilities, making it seem that the probability of a Torah code is very small. We briefly discuss the controversy and suggest that new more carefully controlled experiments are needed to resolve the controversy. We detail the protocol for a new experiment by a website reference.
Chaotic and periodic switching in cyclic voltammetric responses of methanol and primary alcohols in alkaline solutions

Abstract The effects of varying the upper potential limit (upl) on voltammetric responses were studied in applications of cyclic voltammetry to alkaline solutions containing an alcohol. Methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol and 1-pentanol were the alcohols used. At sufficiently low values of the upl, all solutions exhibited a response in which, after the decay of transient behavior, the current-potential curve would begin to repeat at the beginning of each potential cycle. For solutions containing methanol, ethanol or 1-propanol, increases in the value of the upl caused a drastic change in the response. Cyclic voltammetric behavior was observed in which the current—potential curve repeated after every two cycles in the potential, but not after every cycle. Sustained periodic responses, with periods up to seven times the period of the potential, and aperiodic voltammetric behavior were also realized. Many of the high-order, periodic, cyclic voltammograms appear as combinations of two fundamental voltammograms and the responses can be crudely described as switching between two types of behavior. Experiments were conducted for the purpose of providing an approximate area (measure) in the space ([NaOH] vs. upl) in which high-order, periodic cyclic voltammograms and aperiodic behavior are realized. Over the conditions examined, the measure for methanol was found to be greater than that for ethanol and the measure for these solutes was substantially greater than that found for 1-propanol. In experiments on 1-butanol and 1-pentanol, no evidence was obtained for the existence of high-order, periodic, cyclic voltammograms or aperiodic behavior.
Measuring the security impacts of password policies using cognitive behavioral agent-based modeling

Agent-based modeling can serve as a valuable asset to security personnel who wish to better understand the security landscape within their organization, especially as it relates to user behavior and circumvention. In this paper, we argue in favor of cognitive behavioral agent-based modeling for usable security, report on our work on developing an agent-based model for a password management scenario, perform a sensitivity analysis, which provides us with valuable insights into improving security (e.g., an organization that wishes to suppress one form of circumvention may want to endorse another), and provide directions for future work.
Mechanism of transport and storage of biogenic amines. III. Effects of sodium and potassium on kinetics of 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine transport by rabbit synaptosomes

The kinetics of biogenic amine transport by a process located in the membrane of synaptosomes were studied in order to determine the mechanism of the transport process and the effects of inorganic ions thereon. The following points were shown: 1. 1. Exogenous 5-hydroxy[14C]tryptamine is taken up by the sum of two processes; a saturable process predominating at low concentrations. At concentrations sufficient to saturate the first, a linear relationship between the velocity of uptake and substrate concentration suggests uptake occurs by passive diffusion. 2. 2. The saturable processes for 5-hydroxy[14C]tryptamine and [3H]norepinephrine could be described by the Lineweaver-Burk representation of Michaelis-Menten kinetics, suggesting that uptake was mediated by a carrier mechanism. 3. 3. The affinities of the carriers for 5-hydroxy[14C]tryptamine and [3H]norepinephrine were increased by Na+. 4. 4. The transport of 5-hydroxy[4C]tryptamine in the presence of Na+ was decreased by a high K+ concentration. 5. 5. These findings are presented in support of an ion gradient model for the transport mechanism located in the membrane of nerve endings.
Level set segmentation from multiple non-uniform volume datasets

Typically 3-D MR and CT scans have a relatively high resolution in the scanning X - Y plane, but much lower resolution in the axial Z direction. This non-uniform sampling of an object can miss small or thin structures. One way to address this problem is to scan the same object from multiple directions. In this paper we describe a method for deforming a level set model using velocity information derived from multiple volume datasets with non-uniform resolution in order to produce a single high-resolution 3D model. The method locally approximates the values of the multiple datasets by fitting a distance-weighted polynomial using moving least-squares. The proposed method has several advantageous properties: its computational cost is proportional to the object surface area, it is stable with respect to noise, imperfect registrations and abrupt changes in the data, it provides gain-correction, and it employs a distance-based weighting to ensures that the contributions from each scan are properly merged into the final result. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach on four multi-scan datasets, a griffin laser scan reconstruction, a CT scan of a teapot and MR scans of a mouse embryo and a zucchini.
Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections: Wagner Classification, Therapy, and Outcome

A total of 850 cases of septic diabetic foot infections were reviewed in 355 patients. Age, sex, other chronic diseases, site, etiology, Wagner grade, treatment, and results were analyzed. One third of the patients were in their sixth decade of life. There were 180 women and 175 men. Chronic diseases included hypertension, congestive heart disease, and renal failure. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria. Treatment was considered to meet protocol standards if Wagner's algorithms and infectious disease principles were followed. Thirty-nine Wagner grade 0 infections were seen: only one was not treated appropriately. Eighty-eight percent treated per protocol healed and the one not treated appropriately failed. In grade 1, 79% of the 154 evaluable patients were treated appropriately with a 86% success rate versus a 53% success rate for those not treated per protocol. Of three quarters of the 64 patients with grade 2 infections treated according to protocol, 73% healed. One of those in grade 2 who was not treated according to protocol healed. In grade 3, 64% of the 251 patients were treated per protocol with a 79% success rate versus a 12% success rate for those who were not treated per protocol. Most of the 189 patients with grade 4 cases were treated according to protocol with 88% success; the 20 not treated per protocol had a 15% success rate. Thirty of the 32 grade 5 patients were treated per protocol and all but one healed. Protocol therapy had a statistically significant effect by chi 2 test in the treatment of all groups.
The Use of Biomarker Expression to Characterize Neoplastic Processes

Biomarkers have been used by pathologists to aid the diagnosis of tumors for almost three decades. Their use has resulted in the re-evaluation and reclassification of several types of tumors. Currently, biomarkers are required to differentiate certain specific tumors with similar histologic patterns. Additional uses of biomarkers in the characterization of neoplastic processes are discussed including their use is prognosis, detecting early neoplastic processes, identifying tumor recurrence, measuring the effectiveness of various therapies (surrogate end point biomarkers), and identifying targets for novel therapies including immunotherapy and gene therapy. We propose that these newer uses of biomarkers will be just as important to pathology in the future as the uses of biomarkers in diagnosis have been over the past two decades.
Minding experience: An exploration of the concept of "experience" in the early French anthropology of Durkheim, Lévy-Bruhl, and Lévi-Strauss.

In line with the growing concern with the unexamined reliance upon the concept of "experience" in anthropology, this article explores in some detail the various usages and definitions of the concept in the work of three of early French anthropology's most influential theorists: Emile Durkheim (1858-1918), Lucien Levy-Bruhl (1857-1939), and Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-). With its important influence on both British and American anthropology, the early French anthropological tradition, as epitomized in the writings of these three thinkers, has indeed played a pivotal role in shaping many current taken-for-granted understandings of the concept of experience in the discipline of anthropology as a whole. In the process of exploring how experience is viewed by these three scholars, this paper will thus take some initial steps toward the historical contextualization of many of the unquestioned assumptions underpinning current understandings of experience in the discipline of anthropology and the social sciences more generally.
Gender differences in fat oxidation and sympathetic nervous system activity at rest and during submaximal exercise in older individuals

1. Gender differences in fat oxidation at rest and during exercise may contribute to higher body fat in women. We examined gender differences in fat oxidation at rest and during submaximal exercise and their relationship to sympathetic nervous system activity, free fatty acid availability, body composition and aerobic capacity in older volunteers. 2. We measured free fatty acid kinetics using [14C]palmitate, absolute (micromol/min) and relative (respiratory quotient) rates of fat oxidation by indirect calorimetry and sympathetic nervous system activity from noradrenaline kinetics using [3H]noradrenaline in 12 older men (70+/-4 years) and 12 older women (66+/-4 years) at rest and during 30 min of submaximal exercise (45% of peak oxygen consumption). 3. At rest, men oxidized more fat than women on both an absolute (88+/-19 versus 51+/-15 micromol/min; P<0.01) and relative (respiratory quotient: 0.80+/-0. 04 versus 0.85+/-0.04; P<0.01) basis. These differences were not related to noradrenaline appearance rate, free fatty acid concentration, body composition or aerobic capacity. During exercise, fat oxidation was higher (P<0.05 to P<0.01) in men on an absolute level, but respiratory quotient did not differ. Higher absolute fat oxidation in men during exercise was explained by their higher absolute workload. Plasma free fatty acids and free fatty acid rate of appearance did not differ between men and women during exercise despite higher (P<0.05 to P<0.01) plasma noradrenaline concentrations in men. 4. We conclude that: (i) resting fat oxidation is higher in older men compared with older women independent of differences in noradrenaline appearance rate, free fatty acid availability, body composition or aerobic capacity, and (ii) despite higher plasma noradrenaline concentrations during submaximal exercise, no gender differences in free fatty acid appearance rate or fat oxidation were found. These results suggest a sex dimorphism in post-absorptive fat metabolism in the elderly.
Abstract 1051: EGFR inhibitors attenuate caspase-independent cell death and confer negative effects on cisplatin .

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have demonstrated exciting results and led to advanced therapy trials in combination with chemotherapy. However, clinical studies have raised an important question why the antagonism between TKI and chemotherapy occurs in lung cancer patients only with wildtype but not mutant EGFR. In this study, we further explored the mechanism through which gefitinib gives rise to the negative effects when combined with cisplatin in wildtype EGFR lung cancer cells. We found that gefitinib inhibited cisplatin-induced caspase-independent cell death (CID) but not caspase-dependent cell death (apoptosis). In wildtype EGFR cells, gefitinib not only inhibited CID but also failed to induce apoptosis and therefore compromising the efficacy of cisplatin. Moreover, inhibition of the EGFR/ERK/AKT pathway by gefinitib activated FOXO3a and subsequently reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by cisplatin treatment and ROS-mediated CID. To overcome this, we showed that SAHA and erastin, which are known to induce ROS-mediated CID, strongly enhanced the effect of cisplatin in wildtype EGFR cells. Taken together, our findings provide a possible explanation for the previously failed clinical trials as well as a novel insight into future cancer therapy. Citation Format: Hirohito Yamaguchi, Jennifer L. Hsu, Chun-Te Chen, Ying-Nai Wang, Ming-Chuan Hsu, Shih-Shin Chang, Yi Du, How-Wen Ko, Roy S. Herbst, Mien-Chie Hung. EGFR inhibitors attenuate caspase-independent cell death and confer negative effects on cisplatin . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1051. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1051
Comment on papers by Leslie C Eliason and Howard Husock

In the two preceding articles Leslie Eliason and Howard Husock discuss the viability and role of case teaching in countries lacking the cultural, legal, and political traditions, and the political and market institutions of the so-called democratic West. Eliason focused on the problems of educating public servants in the various countries of the Warsaw Pact while Husock comments on the problems faced by those seeking to prepare and teach public management cases outside the United States.
Complementary roles of software-based scaffolding and teacher-student interactions in inquiry learning

Working in small groups with computer-based learning environments provides an opportunity for students to investigate and discuss their own explanations of natural phenomena. Incorporating domain-specific strategic support in the design of these environments can make student investigations and discussions more productive by focusing them on key variables and relationships in the domain. However, interacting with these environments may not be enough to help students develop understandings and ways of communicating that are consistent with scientific views. A support system that combines interactions with these environments with teacher-student discussions in both small-group and whole-class formats provides more comprehensive support. We describe a computer-based investigation environment that incorporates domain-specific strategic support, where students investigate an episode of natural selection in the wild. The environment was used as part of a unit on evolution at a Chicago public high school. We illustrate the complementary roles of this environment and student-teacher discussions in both small-group and wholeclass formats in supporting science learning.
Photoaffinity labeling of an interferon-gamma receptor on the surface of cultured fibroblasts.

Highly purified native and recombinant 125I-interferon-gamma was acylated with the photoreactive cross-linking reagent, N-succinimidyl-6(4′-azido-2′-nitrophenylamino) hexanoate. Derivatized interferon covalently labeled a cell surface component with an aggregate Mr=230,000 ± 7,000 (n=7). Photoaffinity labeling was judged to be specific for the IFN-gamma receptor as it did not occur in the absence of light or in the presence of excess unlabeled interferon-gamma.
Rat retinal müller cells express Thy‐1 following neuronal cell death

In the normal rat retina the Thy-1 antigen is a specific marker of ganglion cells, but degeneration of ganglion cells in vivo does not remove completely the expression of Thy-1 in the retina. To reconcile these differences we have postulated that ganglion cell death could induce a glial response including the expression of Thy-1 in Muller cells, the main glial cell type in the retina. Using immunocytochemistry, we have shown that pure cultures of Muller cells were strongly labelled with antibodies against Thy-1. PCR amplification of cDNA reverse transcribed from Muller cell RNA indicated the presence of Thy-1 transcripts. Double labelling experiments with anti-Thy1 and anti-glutamine synthetase, a marker of Muller cells, indicated the presence of both antigens in the same cells. Although Muller cells expressed Thy-1 mRNA and protein when cultured in the absence of neuronal cells, when co-cultured with retinal neurons they were not labelled with antibodies against Thy-1. Our results suggest that Thy-1 is expressed by Muller cells following loss of retinal neurons. Thy-1 may have an important function during glial response to neuron death in retina.
Coronary artery atherosclerosis is related to reduced regional left ventricular function in individuals without history of clinical cardiovascular disease: the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Objective— We investigated whether regional coronary calcium score by computed tomography is related to regional left ventricular systolic function measured by MRI tagging in participants of the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Methods and Results— The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis is a prospective observational study of men and women without a history of previous heart disease from 4 ethnic groups. Calcium scores were measured separately for the left anterior descendent (LAD), left circumflex (LCX), and right (RCA) coronary arteries. Left ventricular strain and strain rate were determined by tagged MRI in the corresponding vascular territories of the coronary vessels in 509 participants. Greater coronary calcification in the LAD, LCX, and right RCA coronary arteries were related to worse function in their respective perfusion. Anterior wall strain rate was −1.37±0.41 when LAD calcium was zero versus −1.17±0.24 1/s in the highest quartile of calcium score ( P <0.001). Similar relationships were evident in the LCX and RCA regions. Participants with 1- and 2-vessel coronary artery calcium had better myocardial function in the remote area compared with the territory supplied by the diseased artery. Conclusions— High-local calcium score is related to regional dysfunction in the corresponding coronary territory among individuals without a history of previous heart disease. These results indicate a link between atherosclerosis and subclinical regional left ventricular dysfunction.
Reproductive biology of tropical lowland rain forest trees. I: Sexual systems and incompatibility mechanisms

A B S T R A C T Sexual systems of tropical lowland rain forest trees were investigated to estimate the relative proportions of hermaphroditic, monoecious, and dioecious species. Controlledhand pollinations were performed on hermaphroditic species to determine the proportions of self-compatible and self-incompatible species. A total of 333 species was examined; 65.5% species were found to be hermaphroditic, 1 1.4% monoecious, and 23.1% dioecious. There were no differences between canopy and subcanopy habitats in the distribution of various sexual systems. Out of the 28 species subjected to controlled pollinations, 24 showed the presence of self-incompatibility. The site of the incompatibility barrier in distylous species was either in the stigma or in the style. In most of the monomorphic species, the incompatibility barrier was in the ovary. Although a majority of tree species in the rain forest appear to be obligate outcrossers (xenogamons), the potential for inbreeding due to small effective population size still remains to be explored.
Observations of Hg0.7Cd0.3Te epilayers by infrared cathodoluminescence detection

Extension in wavelength detection of cathodoluminescence (CL) toward the infrared is an area attracting interest regarding its development potential. This article describes our progress in CL characterization of Hg1−xCdxTe epilayers intended for optoelectronic array applications in the 3–5 μm radiation window. We present a description of the equipment set-up, experimental procedure, and difficulties encountered in this study. We present preliminary observations performed at liquid helium temperatures of CL contrast variations from liquid phase epitaxial layers of Hg0.7Cd0.3Te lattice matched to Cd0.96Zn0.04Te substrates.
Remembering colonial violence: Inter/textual strategies of Congolese authors

This article explores the Congolese remembering of the experienced colonial violence through the medium of literature. Although criticism of colonialism is not a favourite topic of Congolese writers, there exists an important corpus of texts, especially when the literary production of Congo Kinshasa and Congo Brazzaville with their politically distinct though sometimes similar experiences is taken into account. Three main strategies of writing about the topic can be distinguished: a documentary mode, an allegorical mode and a fragmented mode, which often appear in combination. Intertextuality with the colonial archive as well as oral African narrations is a recurrent feature of these texts. The short stories of Lomami Tchibamba, of the first generation of Congolese authors writing in French, are analysed as examples for a dominantly allegorical narration. Mythical creatures taken from the context of oral literature become symbols for the process of alterity and power relations during colonialism, while the construction of a heroic figure of African resistance provides a counter-narrative to colonial texts of conquest. Thomas Mpoyi-Buatu's novel La reproduction (1986) provides an example of fragmented writing that reflects the traumatic experience of violence in both Congolese memory of colonialism and Congolese suffering of the present violent dictatorial regime. The body of the protagonist and narrator becomes the literal site of remembering. Tydskrif vir Letterkunde Vol. 46 (1) 2009: pp.11-27
Intracorneal hematoma with descemet membrane detachment after viscocanalostomy

Abstract Purpose To describe a case of intracorneal hematoma with Descemet membrane detachment after viscocanalostomy. Design Interventional case report. Methods A 63-year-old with uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma underwent viscocanalostomy. During the introduction of hyaluronate 2.3% under the superficial flap, a limited lysis of Descemet membrane was observed. Result Slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed an intracorneal hematoma with Descemet membrane detachment 1 day after viscocanalostomy. The creation of an intentional break of Descemet membrane and descemetopexy using sulfur hexafluoride gas were performed. The cornea regained transparency after surgery. Conclusions Intracorneal hematoma with Descemet membrane detachment is a possible complication of viscocanalostomy.
Irregular points in 2-D free surface flows with surface tension for the wavemaker boundary value problem

Oscillatory, two dimensional free-surface, irrotational flows of an incompressible fluid are treated numerically. Rather than basing the treatment on perturbation expansions, the unknown fluid domain bounded by a free surface is mapped onto a rectangular domain. This has the effect of exchanging a boundary value problem for a linear, constant coefficient Laplace equation having nonlinear boundary conditions into a nonlinear elliptic equation specified on the known rectangular domain. In the known transformed domain, compatibility conditions at the corners are derived, the boundary value problem is solved and the results are transformed back to the original domain.
CAMs and Rho small GTPases: gatekeepers for leukocyte transendothelial migration. Focus on “VCAM-1-mediated Rac signaling controls endothelial cell-cell contacts and leukocyte transmigration”

when flowing blood leukocytes interact with activated endothelium, the initial rolling event is mediated by selectins, which bind to their carbohydrate-based ligands, and the later firm adhesion event is mediated by integrins, which bind to cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Specifically, neutrophils
Photocleavage of DNA by the fluoroquinolone antibacterials

Abstract We have determined the relative efficiencies for the formation of single strand breaks (ssbs) after the UVA irradiation of pBR322 DNA and various fluoroquinolone (fleroxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin) and naphthyridine (nalidixic acid, enoxacin) antibacterials. After correcting for the differences in absorption, the relative order for DNA photocleaving activity under anaerobic conditions is: fleroxacin, lomefloxacin > nalidixic acid ≫ norfloxacin > enoxacin. In general, fluoroquinolones having fluorine substituents at the C-6 and C-8 positions (lomefloxacin and fleroxacin) are 10-fold more efficient in generating ssbs than those having only a C-6 fluorine atom (norfloxacin). The effect of oxygen on photoinduced DNA damage caused by these antibacterials is complex, but our data imply that active oxygen species are not necessary for DNA scission by these molecules, and indeed, may sometimes inhibit it. Lomefloxacin ethyl ester, which cannot undergo decarboxylation, is as active as lomefloxacin itself. Thus the free radical generated by decarboxylation is unlikely to be the active species involved in photoinduced fluoroquinolone DNA cleavage. For lomefloxacin and fleroxacin, DNA damage probably results from the generation of a carbene at C-8 as a result of photoinduced loss of their F8 atom as fluoride upon UVA irradiation. Fluoroquinolones lacking a C-8 fluorine atom must operate by a different mechanism. While photocleavage of pBR322 DNA does not necessarily mean that duplex DNA will be cleaved under the same conditions, nevertheless lomefloxacin and fleroxacin, the two most photogenotoxic fluoroquinolones, did cause the most damage to the plasmid DNA. Published by Elsevier Science S.A.
Two-dimensional Coulomb systems in a uniform magnetic field

Abstract We present molecular dynamics (MD) calculations of the velocity autocorrelation function and the self-diffusion constant of the two-dimensional electron gas in a uniform perpendicular magnetic field.
Retinopathy after long term, standard doses of hydroxychloroquine.

Editor,—While the antimalarial drug chloroquine has frequently been reported to cause retinopathy, there have been very few documented cases occurring with hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil, Winthrop Pharmaceuticals, New York, USA).1-5Patients may tolerate large cumulative doses (up to 3923 g) of hydroxychloroquine without developing retinopathy.1 Doses of ⩽400 mg/day and ⩽6.5 mg/kg of body weight/day of hydroxychloroquine have been used safely and some authors have suggested that ophthalmic screening is not necessary for patients on these doses.3-5 We present a case of hydroxychloroquine toxicity that developed in a patient after long term use of 400 mg (6.3 mg/kg) of hydroxychloroquine daily. ### CASE REPORT A 61 year old white woman presented with a 1 year history of increased glare in both eyes without change in visual acuity. She had a history of rheumatoid arthritis for which she took hydroxychloroquine 400 …
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) : a user's guide to optimal preparation of cytologic specimens

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a reliable method for tagging centromeric regions of specific chromosomes in interphase nuclei. Not only is FISH useful for chromosome enumeration, but as region-specific chromosome probes are developed, the clinical applications and potentials for use by pathologists are extensive. This technique lends itself particularly to use in cytology preparations because the cells are disaggregated and monolayer preparations yield excellent technical hybridization results. Over a 7-mo period we processed cytologic samples in an attempt to define and outline a method for optimal specimen processing for FISH use in cell suspensions, techniques applicable to all fresh cytology specimens which can also be used for the processing of surgical pathology aspirates and other material. All samples should be promptly processed to ensure specimen viability, and triaged on an individual basis to ensure preparation of moderately cellular monolayered cytospins. Equivalent nuclear probe signals have been obtained with several sample fixation methods: air-drying, 95% ethanol, methanol (Diff-Quik fixative), and Carnoy's solution. No difference was noted in the nuclear probe signals or specimen adhesion on positively charged or noncharged slides. After initial fixation our slides remained at room temperature until FISH was performed, without any adverse effects. A short digestion with proteinase K and subsequent rehybridization yielded positive results on samples that originally yielded poor nuclear probe signals.
Agency and the Other: On the intersubjective roots of self-identity

Abstract The essay argues that a systematic reconstruction of the intersubjective grounds of self-consciousness and self-identity will yield a complex non-reductive notion of agency. Core features of human agency include intentional causality, conscious understanding thereof, as well as the capacity to distinguish self-caused from externally caused phenomena. By analyzing how self-consciousness emerges from intersubjective perspective-taking and dialogue, a socially embedded and symbolically mediated notion of self-identity—one which is able to preserve the core features of human agency—becomes viable. G.H. Mead’s work serves as heuristic framework to articulate the extent to which the Other’s irreducible agency is constitutive of the self’s capacity to establish an identity, now understood as a socially situated narrative self-interpreting process. Self-identity reveals to be an essential open yet not fragmented dynamic, a socially situated yet agent-driven phenomenon, and ethically indebted to the Other as providing the essential gift of selfhood.
Study of the critical line and its double point in the intermediate model

Abstract I show that it is possible to generalise the van Laar calculation for the critical double point for the intermediate model, i.e. a model intermediate between the lattice gas and the van der Waals equation for binary mixtures. The calculation was done to investigate whether the double point is also a tricritical point, as is found both in the case of the lattice gas and in the case of the van der Waals case. Although the double point coordinates and their corresponding potential parameters can be determined, one cannot prove, by analytical means, that the point is also tricritical. Most likely the geometric-mean condition is too stringent in this case.
Off-disk penetration of ancient solar wind

Solar wind implantation has been considered to be the noble gas source for gas-rich meteorites, lunar soils, and possibly for Venus' atmosphere. Here according to the idea of Wetherill (1981) (Icarus 46, 70–80), capture of an ancient intense solar wind by primordial dust is estimated. After dissipation of the solar nebula, mutual collision of planetesimals should produce new dust grains in inter-planetary space. In this report, vertical distribution of the dust is newly taken into account. Even if the dust swarm is optically thick along its equatorial plane, the solar wind can penetrate through the less opaque off-disk region. As a result, an appreciable amount of solar wind species is trapped and the high abundances of solar-type noble gases in gas-rich meteorites and Venus (∼ 10−9 [kg/kg] of 36Ar) can be explained. Among various parameters examined, results are most sensitive to the ratio of relative dust abundance to dust size and the power-law index of relative disk thickness. The off-disk trap is efficient when the disk is opaque and disk's relative thickness does not decrease with increasing heliocentric distance. Effects of dust size distribution on the results are also discussed.
Combining Sample Selection and Error-Driven Pruning for Machine Learning of Coreference Rules

Most machine learning solutions to noun phrase coreference resolution recast the problem as a classification task. We examine three potential problems with this reformulation, namely, skewed class distributions, the inclusion of "hard" training instances, and the loss of transitivity inherent in the original coreference relation. We show how these problems can be handled via intelligent sample selection and error-driven pruning of classification rule-sets. The resulting system achieves an F-measure of 69.5 and 63.4 on the MUC-6 and MUC-7 coreference resolution data sets, respectively, surpassing the performance of the best MUC-6 and MUC-7 coreference systems. In particular, the system outperforms the best-performing learning-based coreference system to date.
Treatment Planning for Restorative Implantology

In this article, current literature on fixed and removable prosthodontics is reviewed along with evidence-based systematic reviews, including advice from those in the dental profession with years of experience, which help restorative dentists manage and treat their cases successfully. Treatment planning for restorative implantology should be looked at in 4 sections: (1) review of past medical history, (2) oral examination and occlusion, (3) dental imaging (ie, cone-beam computed tomography), and (4) fixed versus removable prosthodontics. These 4 concepts of treatment planning, along with proper surgical placements of the implant(s), result in successful cases.
Investigation of Finite Deformations and Shear Banding: Theory and Experiment

An experimental method using a digital image processing technique is developed for the purpose of characterizing material behavior at large elastoplastic deformations and the associated phenomenon of localization of plastic flow into shear bands. This allows for a detailed description of the evolution of the nonuniform deformation pattern in the post-localization regime. The experimental results are utilized to calibrate a recently developed gradient-dependent constitutive equation which takes into account the effect of heterogeneous plastic flow, anisotropy and large deformations. The measured values of the gradient coefficients are of small magnitude suggesting that higher order gradients are important only in the highly inhomogeneous region as expected. Moreover, it is found that anisotropic effects become significant in the post-localization regime where the anisotropy ratio changes considerably.
Competitive binding of acetate and chloride in photosystem II.

The binding of chloride and acetate to photosystem II (PSII) was examined to elucidate the mechanism of acetate inhibition. The mode of inhibition was studied, and individual binding sites were assigned by steady-state O2 evolution measurements in correlation with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results. Two binding sites were found for acetate, one chloride-sensitive on the electron donor side and one chloride-insensitive on the electron acceptor side. The respective binding constants were as follows: KCl = 0.5 ± 0.2 mM (chloride binding to the donor side), KI = 16 ± 5 mM (acetate binding to the donor side), and KI‘ = 130 ± 40 mM (acetate binding to the acceptor side). When acetate was bound to the acceptor side of PSII, 200 K illumination induced a narrowed form of the QA-FeII EPR signal, the yield of which was independent of the chloride concentration. When acetate was bound to the donor side, room-temperature illumination produced the S2YZ• state. EPR measurements showed that both the yield and...