cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hermite interpolation of rational space curves using real algebraic surfaces

We present a simple characterization of the lowest degree, implicitly defined, real algebraic surfaces, which smoothly contain any given number of points and algebraic space curves, of arbitrary degree. The characterization is constructive, yielding efficient algorithms for generating families of such algebraic surfaces. Smooth containment of space curves yields C1-continuous surface fitting, and is a generalization of standard Hermite interpolation applied to fitting curves through point data, equating derivatives at those points. We deal with the containment and matching of “normals” (vectors orthogonal to tangents), possibly varying along the entire span of the space curves. Such Hermite interpolated surfaces prove useful as “blending” or “joining” surfaces for solid models as well as “fleshing” surfaces for curved wireframe models.
A Simplified Fructose Biosensor

Abstract The construction of an enzyme electrode for one-step determination of fructose has been successful. The enzyme, D-fructose dehydrogenase (FDH), was immobilized on a membrane. Hexacyanoferrate (III) was used as a redox mediator and the change of current due to the presence of fructose was measured amperometrically. The permeability of Fe(CN)6−4 through different membranes was studied. The electrode response was linear in the range from 1·0 × 10−5 to 1·0 × 10−3 m of fructose with a correlation coefficient of 0·999. The relative standard deviation of the electrode was 0·68%. The developed electrode is stable for several weeks and assay of fructose with the electrode is not influenced by the presence of glucose or other sugars commonly found in food samples. Various conditions for fructose measurement with this assay system were examined and fructose contents in some food samples were determined in comparison with that of the AOAC standard method.
A theorem relating potential and bell polynomials

We define the potential polynomial F^(^z^)"k and the exponential Bell polynomial B"n","j (0,...,0, @?"r@?"r"+"1,...) and we prove a theorem relating the two. Though not well-known, the theorem has many applications, some of which we discuss in this paper. In particular, the theorem provides a systematic approach to a number of formulas and identities involving Stirling numbers and associated Stirling numbers.
Politics of pedestrian level urban wind control

Abstract Initially, impact of undesirable pedestrian level wind effects bring about public awareness of the problem. This is often followed closely by pressure from community pressure groups requesting that City Government take responsibility for controlling existing problems and prevent future occurrences. Property developers usually resent the delays and added costs associated with wind control measures. City Governments typically respond in one of three ways. Firstly they attempt to limit their legal liability by using existing, often inappropriate, legislation to call for specialist wind consultant's reports at the developer's or building owner's expense. These reports are expected to advise on existing problems, or identify the probability of future pedestrian level wind problems. Legislation used in some cases does not include criteria for assessing such reports, leaving no legal basis for their acceptance or rejection. Developers often refuse to comply with controls that are not legally binding. Secondly, City Governments engage specialist wind engineering consultants to specify acceptable pedestrian level wind criteria and create regulations or by-laws requiring wind tunnel study reports on all new projects usually over a specified height. With appropriate legislation in place and assessment criteria clearly specified, there is little question of the legality of the controls. Further refinements may include specification of wind tunnel test and data analysis procedures. Thirdly, having been fortunate in the past, City Governments sometimes do nothing, believing that their city does not and will not have pedestrian level wind problems. These City Governments lose an opportunity to develop well considered controls free from pressure group influences.
Self-consistent treatment of tidal variations in the geocenter for precise orbit determination

We show that the current levels of accuracy being achieved for the precise orbit determination (POD) of low-Earth orbiters demonstrate the need for the self-consistent treatment of tidal variations in the geocenter. Our study uses as an example the POD of the OSTM/Jason-2 satellite altimeter mission based upon Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking data. Current GPS-based POD solutions are demonstrating root-mean-square (RMS) radial orbit accuracy and precision of $${<}1$$ cm and 1 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, we show that the RMS of three-dimensional tidal geocenter variations is $${<}6$$ mm, but can be as large as 15 mm, with the largest component along the Earth’s spin axis. Our results demonstrate that GPS-based POD of Earth orbiters is best performed using GPS satellite orbit positions that are defined in a reference frame whose origin is at the center of mass of the entire Earth system, including the ocean tides. Errors in the GPS-based POD solutions for OSTM/Jason-2 of $${<}4$$ mm (3D RMS) and $${<}2$$ mm (radial RMS) are introduced when tidal geocenter variations are not treated consistently. Nevertheless, inconsistent treatment is measurable in the OSTM/Jason-2 POD solutions and manifests through degraded post-fit tracking data residuals, orbit precision, and relative orbit accuracy. For the latter metric, sea surface height crossover variance is higher by $$6~\hbox {mm}^{2}$$ when tidal geocenter variations are treated inconsistently.
A methodology for incorporating functional bone marrow sparing in IMRT planning for pelvic radiation therapy

Abstract Background and purpose The purpose of this study was to design a radiation therapy treatment planning approach that would spare hematopoietically active bone marrow using [ 18 F]FLT PET imaging. Materials and methods We have developed an IMRT planning methodology to incorporate functional PET imaging using [ 18 F]FLT scans. Plans were generated for two simulated cervical cancer patients, where pelvic active bone marrow regions were incorporated as avoidance regions based on the ranges: SUV4⩾4; 4>SUV3⩾3; and 3>SUV2⩾2. Dose objectives were set to reduce bone marrow volume that received 10 ( V 10 ) and 20 ( V 20 )Gy. Results Active bone marrow regions identified by [ 18 F]FLT with an SUV⩾2, SUV⩾3, and SUV⩾4 represented an average of 43.0%, 15.3%, and 5.8%, respectively of the total osseous pelvis for the two cases studied. Improved dose–volume histograms for all identified bone marrow SUV volumes and decreases in V 10 , and V 20 were achieved without clinically significant changes to PTV or OAR doses. Conclusions Incorporation of [ 18 F]FLT PET in IMRT planning provides a methodology to reduce radiation dose to active bone marrow without compromising PTV or OAR dose objectives in pelvic malignancies.
Pair shot noise and zero-point Johnson noise in Josephson junctions

Measured transition rates out of the superconducting state of low-current-density 1-\ensuremath{\mu}m Nb Josephson junctions at temperatures down to 3 mK are 5 to 11 orders of magnitude below the predicted rates due to pair shot noise. The lowest-temperature measurements are also inconsistent with activation due to zero-point Johnson noise.
Steady-state tokamak discharge via dc helicity injection.

A tokamak discharge has been formed and maintained through helicity injection, by use of only an external dc low-energy electron beam. The discharge, in a 5-kG toroidal field, evolved to a steady-state circular cross section with q(a)=10, q(0)=4, which was maintained for more than 400 L/R periods, the time (60 msec) limited by the cathode bias supply. The density profile reached a line-averaged n${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}_{e}$=2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$, while ${T}_{e}$=25 eV and ${T}_{i}$=15 eV. Strong central peaking occurs and inward pinching is indicated for both density and current.
Antenatal treatment of fetal goiter: a therapeutic challenge.

Objective. Pre-natal ultrasonography presents an opportunity for in-utero therapy of a fetal goiter. Because of the morbidity associated with a large goiter and the risks of repeated intra-amniotic...
From Cotton Field to Schoolhouse: African American Education in Mississippi, 1862–1875

From Cotton Field to Schoolhouse: African American Education in Mississippi, 1862–1875 CHRISTOPHER M. SPAN Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009 Pp. 264, $35.00 (hbk), ISBN 978 0 80...
A physical timing model for digital bipolar ECL circuits

The authors present an accurate physical timing model for large bipolar emitter-coupled-logic (ECL) circuits. A delay model is derived based on device equations and average branch current analysis, and no exhaustive preprocessing or table interpolation is required. The dynamic fanout effects of the ECL circuits can be incorporated by an accurate fanout modeling approach combined with an effective fanout collapsing technique. In addition, the use of a parametric correction scheme permits greater freedom in handling complex delay-sensitive effects such as high-level injection and bipolar parasitic resistances than would otherwise be possible. This delay model with input waveform effects provides delay estimates that are typically within 10% of SPICE estimates. >
Neuropeptide Y Depresses GABA-Mediated Calcium Transients in Developing Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons: A Novel Form of Calcium Long-Term Depression

In contrast to its inhibitory role in mature neurons, GABA can exert excitatory actions in developing neurons, including mediation of increases in cytosolic Ca 2+ . Modulation of this excitatory activity has not been studied previously. We used Ca 2+ digital imaging with Fura-2 to test the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y (NPY) would depress GABA-mediated Ca 2+ rises in neurons cultured from the developing suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). SCN neurons were chosen as a model system for this study because SCN neurons are primarily GABAergic, they express high levels of NPY and GABA receptors, and functionally, NPY causes profound phase-shifts in SCN-generated circadian rhythms. Vigorous GABA-mediated Ca 2+ activity was found in young SCN neurons that were maintained in vitro for 4–14 d. NPY showed a dose-dependent rapid depression of the amplitude of Ca 2+ rises generated by GABA released from presynaptic SCN axons. NPY exerted a long-term depression of cytosolic Ca 2+ in the majority of neurons tested, which lasted more than 1 hr after NPY washout. The magnitude of the NPY depression was dose-dependent. NPY did not affect Ca 2+ levels when GABA A receptor activity was blocked by bicuculline; however, when bicuculline and NPY were withdrawn from the perfusion solution, the subsequent Ca 2+ rise was either significantly reduced or completely absent, suggesting that the NPY receptor was activated in the absence of elevated intracellular Ca 2+ and GABA A receptor activity, and that the latent effect of NPY was revealed only after depolarizing GABA stimulation was renewed. Pretreating neurons with pertussis toxin greatly reduced the ability of NPY to depress GABAergic Ca 2+ rises, suggesting that the NPY modulation of the GABA activity was based largely on a mechanism involving pertussis toxin-sensitive G i /G o proteins. NPY receptor stimulation depressed ( 2+ rises evoked by GABA (20 μm) application in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX). The effects of NPY were mimicked by the NPY Y1 receptor agonist [Pro 34 ,Leu 31 ] NPY and the Y2 receptor agonist NPY 13–36 and by peptide YY (PYY). Together, our data suggest that the Y1 and Y2 type NPY receptors act both presynaptically and postsynaptically to depress GABA-mediated Ca 2+ rises. If related mechanisms exist in peptide modulation of inhibitory GABA activity in mature neurons, this could underlie long-term changes in the behavior of neurons of the SCN necessary for phase-shifting the circadian clock by NPY. NPY also modulated GABA responses in neuroendocrine neurons from the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. NPY thus can play an important role in evoking long-term depression of GABA-mediated Ca 2+ activity in these developing neurons, allowing NPY-secreting cells to modulate the effects of GABA on neurite outgrowth, gene expression, and physiological stimulation. This is the first example of such a cellular memory: that is, long-term Ca 2+ depression based on modulation of depolarizing GABA activity.
Attending to Form and Content in the Input

This study explores the question of whether or not learners can consciously attend to both form and meaning when processing input. An experimental procedure is presented in which three levels of learners in four groups were asked to process information under four different conditions: attention to meaning alone; simultaneous attention to meaning and an important lexical item; simultaneous attention to meaning and a grammatical functor; and simultaneous attention to meaning and a verb form. Results suggest that learners, in particular early stage learners, have great difficulty in attending to both form and content. These results raise important questions for current discussions of the role of consciousness in input processing.
Problems After Breeding

Abstract Breeding induces an inflammatory response in the uterus. The inflammation is a physiological reaction with the purpose of clearing the uterus from excess spermatozoa, seminal plasma, and bacterial contamination. Breeding-induced endometritis is transient and most mares resolve the inflammation within 24 to 36 hours. If a mare fails to resolve the breeding-induced inflammation before an embryo enters the uterus, the pregnancy is likely to be lost. Susceptibility to persistent breeding-induced endometritis occurs in approximately 15% of a normal brood mare population. Persistent breeding-induced endometritis can be diagnosed by ultrasonographic monitoring of the uterus for fluid accumulation at 6 to 24 hours after breeding. Mares that accumulate fluid beyond 6 to 12 hours after breeding, or have a history of persistent breeding-induced endometritis, should be treated with ecbolics and/or uterine lavage to help remove the inflammatory fluid from the uterus. Recent reports suggest that some mares with a history of severe breeding-induced endometritis may benefit from corticosteroid treatment around the time of breeding. Supplementation with exogenous progestin during early gestation may also be beneficial in mares with endometritis or other causes of secondary luteal deficiency.
When is every recursive linear ordering of type μ recursively isomorphic to a polynomial time linear ordering over the natural numbers in binary form

The main purpose of this paper is to answer a question raised by Grigorieff in [4]. In [4], Grigorieff proved that every infinite recursive linear ordering L is isomorphic to realtime linear ordering L′ whose universe is the binary representation of the natural numbers. Grigorieff’s proof involved two steps. First he showed that if a recursive linear ordering Lhas the property that Lhas a recursive sequence S = s 0 L u 1 > L … such that U is coinitial in L or U has an infimum in L, then Lis recursively isomorphic to a realtime linear ordering L′ whose universe is the binary representation of the natural numbers.
Automotive applications of power BiMOS

A cost-effective, mixed technology process has been developed that extends the operating range of bipolar integrated circuits into the power integrated circuit regime. The process simultaneously produces CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) logic with a PNP vertical power device. The combination can withstand transients in excess of 85 V and jump start (24 V) and reverse polarity conditions while controlling several amperes of current, making it ideal for automotive applications. Two production devices and a new product that have been developed using the BiMOS (bipolar MOS) process are described: (1) a high-side switch that is used for controlling inductive loads; (2) a transient suppressor used to protect voltage-sensitive electronic components; and (3) a low-side, protected driver. >
It's About Time: Temporal Structuring in Organizations

In this paper we propose the notion of temporal structuring as a way of understanding and studying time as an enacted phenomenon within organizations. We suggest that through their everyday action, actors produce and reproduce a variety of temporal structures which in turn shape the temporal rhythm and form of their ongoing practices. A focus on temporal structuring, combined with a practice perspective, allows us to bridge the subjective-objective dichotomy that underlies much of the existing research on time in organizations. After developing the notion of temporal structuring, we illustrate its use in the context of a prior empirical study. We conclude by outlining some implications of temporal structuring for organizational research on time.
Nonlinear model-based spatio-temporal filtering of image sequences

A Volterra model-based spatio-temporal filter for the enhancement of noise-corrupted image sequences is considered. This model uses estimates of higher-order statistics (HOS) to filter non-wide-sense stationary (WSS) image sequences that cannot be correctly modeled by second-order statistics alone. Some results are shown for this filter when it is applied along the direction of motion in image sequences with simulated noise. >
Development of electrical circuit model for an optical potential transformer

Producing equivalent circuit models for potential transformers is considerably important for the relay testing and relay performance evaluations in EMTP transient studies. Magnetic transformer models have been used for many years and re-developed in time for different applications. Optical potential transformers (OPT) that produce digital and analog signals have been recently developed and have become available for power system applications. In this paper, equivalent circuit model for OPT has been developed and presented for analog output. Frequency response characteristics of OPT was obtained by using laboratory test setup. Straightforward mathematical method used the test results for developing a new OPT model. The developed circuit was validated through the frequency response test data. Results show that the developed model can be used as a legitimate OPT model.
Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor status is a critical determinant of therapeutic response in prostate cancer cells.

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB), a critical mediator of cell cycle progression, is functionally inactivated in the majority of human cancers, including prostatic adenocarcinoma. The importance of RB tumor suppressor function in this disease is evident because 25% to 50% of prostatic adenocarcinomas harbor aberrations in RB pathway. However, no previous studies challenged the consequence of RB inactivation on tumor cell proliferation or therapeutic response. Here, we show that RB depletion facilitates deregulation of specific E2F target genes, but does not confer a significant proliferative advantage in the presence of androgen. However, RB-deficient cells failed to elicit a cytostatic response (compared with RB proficient isogenic controls) when challenged with androgen ablation, AR antagonist, or combined androgen blockade. These data indicate that RB deficiency can facilitate bypass of first-line hormonal therapies used to treat prostate cancer. Given the established effect of RB on DNA damage checkpoints, these studies were then extended to determine the impact of RB depletion on the response to cytotoxic agents used to treat advanced disease. In this context, RB-deficient prostate cancer cells showed enhanced susceptibility to cell death induced by only a selected subset of cytotoxic agents (antimicrotubule agents and a topoisomerase inhibitor). Combined, these data indicate that RB depletion dramatically alters the cellular response to therapeutic intervention in prostate cancer cells and suggest that RB status could potentially be developed as a marker for effectively directing therapy. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6192–203]
A hypothesis considering non-mechanical aspects of conductive hearing loss.

Evidence is accumulating that conductive lesions of the ear do more than just mechanically impede the sound presented to the cochlea. A resolving hypothesis is proposed which appears plausible both from a physiological and a psychological point of view. This hypothesis is based on the assumption that deprivation of sound to the cochlea produces, over an extended period of time, a slower replenishment of chemical mediators to the receptor. Such a theory could then explain not only the temporary threshold shift pattern at low-level exposures but also the various evidences of recruitment in conductively involved ears which may be found in the literature.
Explaining the Effec ts of Campaign Finance Reform on Electoral Competitveness in Governors' Races

This study examines the impact of stringent campaign contribution laws on competition in gubernatorial contests. In addition to the stringency of campaign contribution laws, however, it explores several other potential causes of competition. For instance, this study considers the availability of public funding, a state’s vote for president, the existence of an open seat race, income of a state, state population, the institutional powers of a given state’s governor, and the winning party. This study ultimately demonstrates the extent to which campaign contribution limits have little effect on gubernatorial competitiveness. Of the alternatives, both the presence of an open seat and the availability of public financing to challengers proves partially determinative, and present additional avenues for further research. This article is available in Res Publica Journal of Undergraduate Research: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol14/iss1/8
Cyclooxygenase-2 Induction in Congestive Heart Failure Friend or Foe?

Cyclooxygenase-2, like the other member of the COX family, COX-1, is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to PGG2 via COX activity and PGG2 to PGH2 via peroxidase activity. PGH2 is the precursor for PGs, prostacyclin, and TXA2. Hence, COX-2 occupies a central position in the biosynthesis of proinflammatory PGE2 and vasoactive prostacyclin and TXA2. COX-2 shares with COX-1 most of its catalytic and structural properties. The crystallographic structure of COX-2 reveals a branched substrate channel, as contrasted to a nonbranched, more rigid COX-1 channel structure.1 2 This difference in substrate channel structure forms the basis for selective inhibition of COX-2 by newly developed compounds containing a side chain that snugly fits the substrate channel of COX-2 but not COX-1.3 COX-2 is encoded by a gene ≈8 kb in size located on the long arm of chromosome 1 (q25.2–q25.3).4 5 The COX-1 gene, on the other hand, is ≈22 kb and is located on chromosome arm 9q32–q33.3.5 …
The Plateau Giant Tiger Beetle, Amblycheila picolominii Reiche, 1839, in Utah: New State Record (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae)

The plateau giant tiger beetle, Amblycheila picolominii, Reiche, 1839, is recorded from Utah for the first time. This is the northernmost record of the species. RESUMEN.—Se documenta por primera vez en el estado de Utah el descubrimiento del escarabajo tigre gigante de meseta, Amblycheila picolominii, Reiche, 1839. Este es el registro mas boreal de esta especie.
Mid-infrared pulse dynamics in Si nanophotonic wires near the two-photon absorption edge

We present an experimental and simulation study of the pulse dynamics in SOI nanophotonic wires at mid-infrared wavelengths beyond the telecommunications band, and illustrate the significantly reduced role of two-photon absorption.
Location of the domains of ICAM-1 by immunolabeling and single-molecule electron microscopy

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, is a cell surface glycoprotem with an extraceflular domain comprising five unrnunoglobulin-like domains. Soluble ICAM-1, a recombinant protein truncated at the trans- membrane domain, has a rod-like shape, 19 urn long overall, with a characteristic bend 7.6 urn from one end of the molecule. Because the link between domain D2 and domain D3 is proline rich, it has been proposed that the short arm contains domains Dl and D2 and the long arm contains domains D3-D5. We used single-molecule electron microscopy of soluble IC.AM-1 decorated with monoclonal antibodies specific for domains Dl and D4 to show that the bend instead lies between domains D3 and D4. Therefore, the short arm lies closer to the plas- ma membrane, whereas the long arm, containing all the known ligand binding sites on ICAM-1, is positioned toward the target cell surface. J. Leukoc. Biol. 53: 342-346; 1993.
The Earth Mover's Distance under transformation sets

The Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) is a distance measure between distributions with applications in image retrieval and matching. We consider the problem of computing a transformation of one distribution which minimizes its EMD to another. The applications discussed here include estimation of the size at which a color pattern occurs in an image, lighting-invariant object recognition, and point feature matching in stereo image pairs. We present a monotonically convergent iteration which can be applied to a large class of EMD under transformation problems, although the iteration may converge to only a locally optimal transformation. We also provide algorithms that are guaranteed to compute a globally optimal transformation for a few specific problems, including some EMD under translation problems.
UV-blocking potential of oils and juices.

Objective Sunscreens are commonly used to protect the body from damage caused by UV light. Some components of organic sunscreens have been shown to pass through the skin during wear which could raise toxicity concerns for these compounds. This study explores the potential for oils and fruit and vegetable juices to be substitutes for these compounds. Methods The absorptivity of various oils (canola oil, citronella oil, coconut oil, olive oil, soya bean oil, vitamin E, as well as aloe vera) and fruit and vegetable juices (acerola, beet, grape, orange carrot, purple carrot and raspberry) was measured in vitro. The mean absorptivity was compared with FDA-approved UV absorbers to gauge the potential of the natural products. The most promising candidates were incorporated into formulations, and the UV transmittance of a 20-μm-thick film of the formulation was measured. The formulations were also imaged by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results The absorptivity of oils was at least two orders of magnitude lower compared to the commercial UV blockers. The fruit juice powders were more effective at UV blocking but still showed an order of magnitude lower absorptivity compared to commercial UV blockers. Conclusion The UV blocking from most natural oils is insufficient to obtain a significant UV protection. Formulations containing 50wt% purple carrot showed good UV-blocking capabilities and represent a promising ingredient for sunscreen and cosmetic applications.
Leveraging network structure in centrality evaluation of large scale networks

Evaluating influential nodes is one of the fundamental problems in large scale networks having wide range of applications. The centrality metric, in particular betweenness centrality plays a significant role in ranking influential nodes. Existing exact algorithms for evaluating betweenness centrality metric consider the entire network and hence incur high computational cost. In this paper, we reduce computational cost by leveraging network structural properties. We propose a community detection algorithm that uses right-skewed nature of degree distribution with incremental accumulation and semi-local optimal node selection giving computational cost O(|V|2 − m|V|k2), where k, |V| and m represent average degree, number of vertices and modularity respectively. Additionally, we use predefined upper bound equation on the number and size of communities to propose an algorithm for evaluating exact betweenness centrality indices that exploit the dense intra-modular and sparse intermodular connections of large scale networks, leading to the computational cost of O(|V|2 + 1/2|V|3/2log|V|). We validate our algorithms using real world networks. The computational cost incurred due to community detection and betweenness centrality evaluation holds irrespective of graph density and out performs existing exact algorithms. To the best of our knowledge this is the first work to leverage structural properties in community detection and exact betweenness centrality evaluation over large scale networks.
Search for 1 P 1 charmonium in B decay

While experiment produced a candidate for the 1^P_1 chamonium in the past, it still requires a confirmation. Given the recent progress in the exclusive B decay into charmonia, we now have an opportunity to detect this charmonium (h_c) by measuring the final state of the cascade decay B \to h_c K/K^* \to \gamma \eta_c K/K^*. Confirmation of h_c may turn out to be much easier in the B decay than at charm factories though one will have to work a little harder for a high precision in mass determination.
Geographical Weather-Impact Sourcing: Analytical and Data-Driven Approaches

The problem of weather-impact sourcing, i.e. identification and ranking of upstream National Airspace System (NAS) resources whose traffic flows are significantly impacted or modulated by a weather zone, is conceptualized. A historical case study is presented to gain insight into the geographical pattern of weather-impacted traffic. Based on these insights, we argue that highly simplified representations of air traffic and weather may be sufficient for weather-impact sourcing, and briefly introduce dataand modeldriven techniques that may be promising for rapid sourcing.
Hepatitis B screening practice among older Chinese in the Greater Washington, DC, area.

OBJECTIVES Older Chinese Americans are at greater risk of contracting hepatitis B virus (HBV) because they were born before the implementation of universal childhood vaccination policies. This study examined the prevalence of HBV screening, test results, and predictors of HBV screening among older Chinese. METHODS Two hundred fifty-two Chinese immigrants (older than 50 years) recruited from Chinese-speaking physicians' offices in the Washington, DC, area participated in a cancer screening questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical logistic regressions were conducted. RESULTS Among the 164 participants (65%) who underwent HBV screening, 66% reported that they were susceptible to HBV infection. Stronger self-care beliefs, longer US residency, lower HBV knowledge, and lack of physician recommendations were independently and negatively associated with HBV screening. CONCLUSIONS Many older Chinese did not adhere to HBV screening guidelines because of cultural views and information deficiency. Culturally appropriate interventions aimed to enhance their knowledge and communication with physicians about HBV are needed for promoting screening.
High Pressure Studies of Solvent Effects on a Halide Exchange Reaction

Kinetic solvent effects on chemical reactions are most pro-nounced when one or more of the reacting species is ionized, and may amount to several orders of magnitude [1]. In spite of the importance of this phenomenon, and after considerable effort to understand it over many years [2–4], no real quantitative or even good qualitative picture has emerged. The advent of high-accuracy high-pressure kinetic measurements provides a new tool with which to attack this problem.
Efficacy of flies control in temporary habitation

Objective To control flies density with deltamethrin and prevent intestinal infectious disease after earthquake.Methods Using residual spraying and space spraying. Results Toilet,rubbish heaps and waste water ditches were sprayed with 0.05% deltamethrin for 6 days,apparent differences existed between test group and control group among three spots(P0.05).The tents were sprayed by residual spraying,the efficacy could last for 7 days.Kitchens were sprayed by residual spraying,the efficacy could last for 4 days.Apparent differences existed between test group and control group(P0.05).Conclusion Space spraying and residual spraying of deltamethrin can reduce the flies densities efficiently.
Effects of oxidant stress on the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway of platelets

Abstract Platelet function may be altered by the oxygen metabolites generated by phagocytic cells. This raised the question whether oxidant injury to platelets is associated with a depletion of reduced glutathione, since this compound is known to be important in the protection of other blood cells against oxidant damage. We studied the effects of the oxygen metabolites generated by the enzyme system xanthine-xanthine oxidase on the glutathione (GSH) stability and the metabolism of the hexose monophosphate pathway (HMPS) of platelets. Platelet suspensions incubated with the enzyme system had marked stimulation of the HMPS pathway and did not have GSH instability. In spite of this, the platelet suspensions had impaired aggregation to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). By using specific scavengers, we found that this altered metabolism and function was related to H2O2 and not O2- or hydroxyl radical. In order to determine if cellular catalase was degrading H2O2 we studied the oxidation of 14C-formate by platelet suspensions exposed to the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. As expected, no oxidation of 14C-formate occurred, suggesting that H2O2 was preferentially degraded by the HMPS pathway via glutathione peroxidase. These data indicate that oxidant injury to platelets occurs in spite of active degradation of H2O2 and suggest that these cells may not be able to protect some sensitive cellular sites during exposure of exogenous H2O2. Our studies also suggest that platelets produce O2 and that this oxygen radical cannot react directly with HMPS of platelets.
Weight gain during adjuvant endocrine treatment for early-stage breast cancer: What is the evidence?

Most breast cancer (BC) tumors are early stage and hormone receptor positive, where treatment generally includes adjuvant endocrine treatment (ET). Oncology providers and women about to start ET want to know about side effects, including potential weight gain. The aim of this study was a literature review to identify the independent effect of ET on post-diagnosis weight gain. Weight gain is of concern with regard to potential associations with BC recurrence, mortality, and quality of life in survivorship. We conducted a targeted review of the literature. Thirty-eight studies met our inclusion criteria. Patient-reported weight gain ranged widely from 18 to 52 % of patients in Year 1 and from 7 to 55 % in Year 5. Some studies reported categories of weight change: lost weight (9–17 %), stable weight (47–64 %), and gained weight (27–36 %). Most studies comparing ET with placebo or tamoxifen with AI reported no significant difference between the two groups. Wide-ranging and inconsistent results point to the need for further research to clarify annual weight change (loss, gain, stability) from BC diagnosis through 5 years of ET and beyond. There is also a need to explore weight change by type of ET and to explore risk factors for weight gain in women on ET, including tumor type, sociodemographic characteristics, and health behaviors. More specific information is needed to identify high-risk BC patients who could be targeted for weight management interventions.
MULTIPLICITY, COMPLEXITY, CIRCULATION AND MEDIATIZATION

The aim of this text is to reflect upon the concepts of language, multiplicity, language ideology, metapragmatic regime and scale, among others that should be problematized in contemporary research which were, in one way or another, objects of discussion during the “School of Advanced Studies in Language and Society – Mobility at large” held in August, 2015, and organized by UNICAMP/UNIRIO in collaboration with other Brazilian universities. Ethnographic data collected in the development of my own research projects in Corsica will be referred to in my reflections about the concepts here revisited. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License .
PathCache: A Path Prediction Toolkit

Path prediction on the Internet has been a topic of research in the networking community for close to a decade. Applications of path prediction solutions have ranged from optimizing selection of peers in peer- to-peer networks to improving and debugging CDN predictions. Recently, revelations of traffic correlation and surveillance on the Internet have raised the topic of path prediction in the context of network security. Specifically, predicting network paths can allow us to identify and avoid given organizations on network paths (e.g., to avoid traffic correlation attacks in Tor) or to infer the impact of hijacks and interceptions when direct measurements are not available. In this poster we propose the design and implementation of PathCache which aims to reuse measurement data to estimate AS level paths on the Internet. Unlike similar systems, PathCache does not assume that routing on the Internet is destination based. Instead, we develop an algorithm to compute confidence in paths between ASes. These multiple paths ranked by their confidence values are returned to the user.
Feeling Cared For Versus Experiencing Added Burden: Parents' Interactions With Health-Care Providers in Pregnancy With a Lethal Fetal Diagnosis:

This article reports on parental responses to and needs from health-care providers during pregnancy with a lethal fetal diagnosis (LFD). Sixteen mothers and 14 partners participated in a longitudin...
Microprocessor technology trends

During the next 5 years, with supply voltages below 2.5 volts, CMOS processes will provide worst case 32 bit adder delays below 1.0 ns with minimum Leff below 0.25 microns. CMOS processor frequencies will increase above 350 MHz for highly pipelined servers, and above 200 MHz for low power notebooks. With the increase in power, circuit design methods for low power notebooks will diverge from highly pipelined servers. Die size will not increase due to interconnect delay limitations and fabrication costs. This will reduce the rate of increase in transistor count on one die. Circuit techniques will be applied to achieve higher functionality per transistor and reduce power, delay, and area. BiNMOS will not maintain sufficient advantage over CMOS to be useful at voltages below 2.5 volts. >
Cold starting of fluorescent lamps - part II: experiments on glow times and electrode damaging

In the present work we present experiments on cold start and the resulting electrode damaging (reducing lamp life) of AC driven fluorescent lamps. The crucial parameter is the glow time, determined from time resolved measurements of lamp voltage and current. The relation between the energy consumed during glow phase and the glow time is studied. It turns out that there is no common threshold of energy until the glow-to-arc transition takes place, but strong energy input into the lamp yields short glow times. The transient behaviour from the glow to the arc regime is investigated and the stable operation points of the arc discharge are determined, yielding an arc discharge voltage-current characteristics of the lamp type investigated. The electrode damage is investigated as a function of the open source voltage and the ballast resistance. Subsequent cold starts lead to an increase of the glow time due to electrode damaging, i.e., the electrode damage accumulates. Different regeneration procedures and their effectiveness are compared. Regeneration burning turns out to be more effective than heating up the electrode. A criterion for avoiding high electrode damage is obtained, indicating that the average power during glow time should exceed 20 W.
Blocking the SDF1/CXCR4 Axis Inhibits Marrow Derived Vasculogenesis in Cancer.

Abstract Cancer growth and metastasis depend upon a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients from blood vessels. Our previous work found that the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is capable of contributing to vasculogenesis in settings of physiologic repair (i.e., retinal ischemia) as well as tumor vasculogenesis. Given that the HSC and its EPC progeny can contribute to tumor vasculogenesis, we hypothesized that factors that affect leukocyte trafficking likely affect the pathologic hemangioblast activity of HSC. The SDF1/CXCR4 axis is pivotal for marrow cell homing and migration, thus was targeted in these set of experiments. To test this hypothesis, we transplanted green fluorescent protein (GFP) marrow into wild-type C57BL/6 mice and then inoculated these mice with lung cancer (LLC). An experimental cohort of mice (n=4) received intra-tumoral anti-SDF1. A control cohort included mice receiving intra-tumoral PBS (n=4). Over the ensuing 14 days, tumors in the anti-SDF1 treated group grew at a much slower rate and to a much smaller size, if at all. After 14 days of injections and tumor growth, microvessel density was markedly decreased in the anti-SDF1 cohort compared to the control cohort. Moreover, marrow-derived tumor vasculogenesis was decreased in the anti-SDF1 treated tumors compared to controls (18% of vessels with marrow-derived endothelial cells vs. 26%). As a complementary approach, we used the same transplant and tumor model, but administered anti-CXCR4 in the experimental group (n=4), compared to controls receiving PBS injections (n=4). The tumors in the anti-CXCR4 group had the same growth kinetics as the control; however, had lower tumor microvessel density and markedly decreased marrow-derived tumor vasculogenesis compared to controls (12% of vessels with marrow-derived endothelial cells vs. 26%). In conclusion, perturbing the SDF1/CXCR4 axis inhibits marrow-derived tumor vasculogenesis and may represent an excellent target for future anti-neoplastic therapy.
The use of Exploratory Data Analysis in Information Retrieval Research

We report on a line of work in which techniques of Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) have been used as a vehicle for better understanding of the issues confronting the researcher in information retrieval (IR). EDA is used for visualizing and studying data for the purpose of uncovering statistical regularities that might not be apparent otherwise. The analysis is carried out in terms of the formal notion of Weight of Evidence (WOE). As a result of this analysis, a novel theory in support of the use of inverse document frequency (idf) for document ranking is presented, and experimental evidence is given in favor of a modification of the classical idf formula motivated by the analysis. This approach is then extended to other sources of evidence commonly used for ranking in information retrieval systems.
A Historical Overview of Cardiovascular Medicine and Heart Failure

Judging by artifacts ranging from writings on papyrus to cave etchings and paintings from the Paleolithic Era, it is clear that the heart has always been a source of fascination, speculation, and reverence for its importance to human life. Theories and knowledge of the circulatory system evolved from the time of Aristotle and Hippocrates to Galen, Erasistratus, al-Nafis, Colombo, Harvey, and other physicians, anatomists, and professors. Even Leonardo da Vinci is recognized for his knowledge of the heart’s features and function. This chapter provides a historical perspective, observations, and theories from multiple cultures about the process of cardiovascular circulation. This progression of thought and research has laid the groundwork for and is similar to the continuing developments in therapies to treat cardiovascular problems, including heart failure.
On the question of fractal packing structure in metallic glasses

This work addresses the long-standing debate over fractal models of packing structure in metallic glasses (MGs). Through detailed fractal and percolation analyses of MG structures, derived from simulations spanning a range of compositions and quenching rates, we conclude that there is no fractal atomic-level structure associated with the packing of all atoms or solute-centered clusters. The results are in contradiction with conclusions derived from previous studies based on analyses of shifts in radial distribution function and structure factor peaks associated with volume changes induced by pressure and compositional variations. The interpretation of such shifts is shown to be challenged by the heterogeneous nature of MG structure and deformation at the atomic scale. Moreover, our analysis in the present work illustrates clearly the percolation theory applied to MGs, for example, the percolation threshold and characteristics of percolation clusters formed by subsets of atoms, which can have important consequences for structure-property relationships in these amorphous materials.
All-Cause Hospital Admissions Among Older Adults After a Natural Disaster.

Study objective We characterize hospital admissions among older adults for any cause in the 30 days after a significant natural disaster in the United States. The main outcome was all-cause hospital admissions in the 30 days after natural disaster. Separate analyses were conducted to examine all-cause hospital admissions excluding the 72 hours after the disaster, ICU admissions, all-cause inhospital mortality, and admissions by state. Methods A self-controlled case series analysis using the 2011 Medicare Provider and Analysis Review was conducted to examine exposure to natural disaster by elderly adults located in zip codes affected by tornadoes during the 2011 southeastern superstorm. Spatial data of tornado events were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Severe Report database, and zip code data were obtained from the US Census Bureau. Results All-cause hospital admissions increased by 4% for older adults in the 30 days after the April 27, 2011, tornadoes (incidence rate ratio 1.04; 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.07). When the first 3 days after the disaster that may have been attributed to immediate injuries were excluded, hospitalizations for any cause also remained higher than when compared with the other 11 months of the year (incidence rate ratio 1.04; 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.07). There was no increase in ICU admissions or inhospital mortality associated with the natural disaster. When data were examined by individual states, Alabama, which had the highest number of persons affected, had a 9% increase in both hospitalizations and ICU admissions. Conclusion When all time-invariant characteristics were controlled for, this natural disaster was associated with a significant increase in all-cause hospitalizations. This analysis quantifies acute care use after disasters through examining all-cause hospitalizations and represents an important contribution to building models of resilience—the ability to recover from a disaster—and hospital surge capacity.