cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Portable Radios to Improve Ophthalmology Clinic Efficiency in an Academic Setting

Improvement in clinic efficiency in the ambulatory setting is often looked at as an area for development of lean management strategies to deliver a higher quality of healthcare while reducing errors, costs, and delays. To examine the benefits of improving team communication and its impact on clinic flow and efficiency, we describe a time-motion study performed in an academic outpatient Ophthalmology clinic and its objective and subjective results. Compared to clinic encounters without the use of the portable radios, objective data demonstrated an overall significant decreases in mean workup time (15.18 vs. 13.10), room wait (13.10 vs. 10.47), and decreased the total time needed with an MD per encounter (9.45 vs. 6.63). Subjectively, significant improvements were seen in careprovider scores for patient flow (60.78 vs. 84.29), getting assistance (61.89 vs. 88.57), moving patient charts (54.44 vs. 85.71), teamwork (69.56 vs. 91.0), communications (62.33 vs. 90.43), providing quality patient care (76.22 vs. 89.57), and receiving input on the ability to see walk-in patients (80.11 vs. 90.43). For academic purposes, an improvement in engagement in patient care and learning opportunities was noted by the clinic resident-in-training during the pilot study. Portable radios in our pilot study were preferred over the previous method of communication and demonstrates significant improvements in certain areas of clinical efficiency, subjective perception of teamwork and communications, and academic learning.
Recent Changes in the Farm Population of the Southern States

T HIS discussion deals with the changes in the farm population of the I3 Southern States during the five-year period, I930-35. The following are among the most important of the findings. i. The farm population of the Southern States increased from I5,586,I49 in I930 to i6,074,I22 in I935, a gain of one-half million or 3 .I per cent. z. During the five years there was a decided change in the racial makeup of the South's farm population. Thus, the white farm population increased from
Revision arthroscopic contracture release in the elbow resulting in an ulnar nerve transection: surgical technique.

Over the past several years, the indications for elbow arthroscopy have expanded. Currently, elbow arthroscopy is used for the removal of loose bodies, the treatment of lateral epicondylitis, synovectomy, the debridement of osteophytes, the evaluation of instability contracture release, and the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans1-5. Although elbow arthroscopy is a relatively safe procedure, the prevalence of neurovascular complications has been reported to range from 0% to 14%1,3,6-9. In the literature, there have been a few reports of complete nerve transections during elbow arthroscopy6-9. We recently reported the case of a patient who presented from an outside institution after undergoing a revision arthroscopic contracture release that resulted in a complete transaction of the ulnar nerve10. A thorough understanding of the elbow anatomy and how it is affected by certain abnormalities can reduce the risk of complications associated with elbow arthroscopy. Elbows with a posttraumatic contracture have a decreased compliance of the capsule, resulting in limited displacement of neurovascular structures with insufflation. These effects should be thoroughly considered during portal placement and capsular debridement, especially because most reported complications have occurred in patients with posttraumatic contractures6-11. On the medial side of the elbow, it is imperative that the location of the ulnar nerve be identified prior to the placement of medial-side portals. This can be done by means of direct palpation, ultrasonography, or open exposure12. Dodson et al. recommended avoiding an arthroscopic procedure if the patient has undergone a previous ulnar nerve transposition1. If there has been previous surgery on the lateral aspect of the elbow, it has been suggested that an arthroscopic procedure not be attempted because of possible adherence of the radial nerve to …
ECHO 11 virus associated with aseptic meningitis.

SummaryIn a study of an outbreak of aseptic meningitis, ECHO 11 was the most prevalent virus isolated (24 of 52 isolations). Other enteroviruses associated with cases in the outbreak but to a lesser degree were ECHO 4 and polioviruses 1 and 3. Children over 5 years of age infected with ECHO 11 were more apt to have clinical symptoms of aseptic meningitis than younger children.
Equilibrium Phase Behavior of the Square-Well Linear Microphase-Forming Model

We have recently developed a simulation approach to calculate the equilibrium phase diagram of particle-based microphase formers. Here, this approach is used to calculate the phase behavior of the square-well linear model for different strengths and ranges of the linear long-range repulsive component. The results are compared with various theoretical predictions for microphase formation. The analysis further allows us to better understand the mechanism for microphase formation in colloidal suspensions.
Perceptual Templates Improvement through Action Video Game Playing and Comparison to Perceptual Learning

Action video game playing substantially improves visual performance; however, the source of this improvement remains unclear. Here we use the equivalent external noise technique to characterize the...
Designing for Future Behaviors: Understanding the Effect of Temporal Distance on Planned Behaviors

Despite the prevalence of theories and interventions related to behavior change, our knowledge on how intention for a target, or planned behavior, changes over time remains limited. This hinders our ability to consider the temporal aspect in our designs to support behavior change. To understand the effect of temporal distances on planned behaviors, we conducted two studies, building on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Constual Level Theory. We found that attitude about the target is more salient the further away the event, as people focus on the why of a behavior. On the other hand, perceived behavior control can influence intention in both near and far future. When the target is in the near future, people generally focus on the feasibility, or the how of the behavior. In the far future, people may also consider factors related to behavior control, if they are motivated to do so (i.e., hold a strong attitude towards the action). Findings help advance the Theory of Planned Behavior and offer strategies for designers and event organizers to motivate planned behaviors that are in the near and far future.
Human erythrocyte antigens: II. The In(Lu) gene regulates expression of an antigen on an 80-kilodalton protein of human erythrocytes.

We have previously shown that a murine monoclonal antibody (A3D8) identifies a human erythrocyte protein antigen whose expression is regulated by the Lutheran inhibitor [In(Lu)] gene. In the present study, we demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and Western blot techniques that the antigen defined by A3D8 was on an 80-kD erythrocyte membrane protein. A second 170-kD protein was coprecipitated with the 80-kD protein but failed to show antigen activity by Western blot analysis. The 170-kD protein, when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in two dimensions, was composed of 50- and 30-kD disulfide-linked subunits. In(Lu) Lu[a-b-) erythrocytes differed from Lu(a+b+) or Lu(a-b+) erythrocytes in that In(Lu) deoxycholate erythrocyte membrane extracts contained trace amounts of immunoprecipitable 80-kD protein compared with detergent-solubilized erythrocyte membrane extracts prepared from Lu(a+b+) or Lu(a-b+) subjects.
Molecular sieves for gas separation

Separation and purification are critical industrial processes for separating components of chemical mixtures, and these processes account for about half of industrial energy usage ( 1 ). Gas mixtures of compounds with very similar physical properties are particularly difficult to separate. On pages [137][1] and [141][2] of this issue, Cadiau et al. ( 2 ) and Cui et al. ( 3 ), respectively, show that microporous materials can be designed to have high adsorption capacity and selectivity for particular hydrocarbons, enabling energy-efficient separation. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaf6323 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaf2458
Insights into Genome Architecture Deduced from the Properties of Short Lac Repressor-mediated DNA Loops.

Genomic DNA is vastly longer than the space allotted to it in a cell. The molecule must fold with a level of organization that satisfies the imposed spatial constraints as well as allow for the processing of genetic information. Key players in this organization include the negative supercoiling of DNA, which facilitates the unwinding of the double-helical molecule, and the associations of DNA with proteins, which partition the DNA into isolated loops, or domains. In order to gain insight into the principles of genome organization and to visualize the folding of spatially constrained DNA, we have developed new computational methods to identify the preferred three-dimensional pathways of protein-mediated DNA loops and to characterize the topological properties of these structures. Here, we focus on the levels of supercoiling and the spatial arrangements of DNA in model nucleoprotein systems with two topological domains. We construct these systems by anchoring DNA loops in opposing orientations on a common protein–DNA assembly, namely the Lac repressor protein with two bound DNA operators. The linked pieces of DNA form a covalently closed circle such that the protein attaches to two widely spaced sites along the DNA. We examine the effects of operator spacing, loop orientation, and long-range contacts on overall chain configuration and topology, and discuss our findings in the context of classic experiments on the effects of supercoiling and operator spacing on Lac repressor-mediated looping and recent work on the role of proteins as barriers that divide genomes into independent topological domains.
Genome Scanning for Quantitative Trait Loci

In the previous chapters, we learned the basic concept of quantitative genetics, the quantitative genetics model, the method for major gene detection (genotypes of the major gene are observed), and the algorithm for segregation analysis (genotypes of the major gene are not observed). We also learned some analytical techniques to analyze a molecular marker linked to a major gene. The real focus ofstatistical genomics, however, is to identify functional genes that are responsible for the genetic variation of quantitative traits or complex traits if they are not normally distributed. These chapters provide the necessary technology (knowledge preparation) for gene identification, which is the theme of this book.
The Maiden in Hartmann’s Armen Heinrich: Enite redux?

From similar speeches, qualities of character and actions one can conclude that Enite from Hartmann’s Erec is the model and mentor for the maget in the Armen Heinrich ist. In ihrer “Todesszene” erkennt Enite das Wesen des Todes und dessen and its relationship to divine will. The maiden’s flaw is a lack of insight into the heavenly plan.
The feasibility of new design of hybrid photovoltaic-thermal system – a theoretical approach

ABSTRACTHybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors have been evaluated according to the physical features of commercial photovoltaic (PV) cells; therefore, their commercial application is limited. The Tedlar collector has good electrical insulating properties, resulting in reduction in electrical efficiency. A researcher found that a glazed PVT system without Tedlar was the best among others, showing a significant increase in the overall efficiency. Inspired by this finding, we thought to study, for the first time, the feasibility of a new PVT that has been built by modifying a commercial PV panel and retrofitting it with the integration of two tubes in glass above the PV cell pasted on a thin metal ribbon before PV encapsulation. A heat transfer modelling/simulation in 3D was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software.The results show that under the no-cooling situation, the PV cell temperature reaches 74.87°C and the electrical power dropped significantly to 0.113 for electrical efficiency of 0.15 a...
366: Patterns and predictors of physical functional disability at 5-10 years after heart transplantation

Perception of improvement in physical function from before to after heart transplantation has been reported through 5 years after transplant1-5. Researchers have also determined that perception of improvement in physical function has been greater than perception of improvement in either psychological status or social functioning after heart transplantation6, 7. However, there is also evidence of reduced physical activity8, functional limitations9, and physical functional disability2, 5, 10 at 1-2 years after heart transplantation. A few cross-sectional studies have examined perception of physical function ≥ 5 years after heart transplant. These studies revealed no more than mild limitations in activities of daily living11, reduced physical activity12, and conflicting data regarding perceived physical function as compared to a general population13, 14, 15. Multivariate analyses have also been conducted to examine physical function long-term after heart transplantation. Demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors have been found to be predictors of physical function at 5-6 years after heart transplantation16, 17 as well as at ≥ 10 years after transplant13, 14. Researchers have not examined predictors of physical functional disability at 5-10 years post transplant. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to describe physical functional disability over time and identify predictors of physical functional disability from 5 to 10 years after heart transplantation. We defined physical functional disability as a heart transplant recipient's perception of his/her inability to perform activities (as related to health status) in three areas of function: mobility, ambulation, and body care/movement.
Probing Subunits Interactions in K ATP Channels Using Photo-Crosslinking via Genetically Encoded p -Azido- l -phenylalanine

Potassium channels are multimeric protein complexes regulated by diverse physiological and pharmacological ligands. The key to understanding mechanisms of channel regulation is the ability to detect structural changes associated with ligand binding. While high-resolution structural methods such as X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy offer direct visualization of channel structures, these methods do have limitations and may not be suitable for the question of interest. In this chapter, we describe the use of a photo-cross-linker unnatural amino acid, p-azido-L-phenylalanine, to probe interactions between two proteins, the sulfonylurea receptor 1 and the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir6.2, that form the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel complex in the absence or presence of ligands. The difference in the extent of crosslinking between a liganded state and unliganded state can be used as a readout of ligand-induced structural changes. We anticipate that the protocol described here will also be applicable for other potassium channels and protein complexes.
Police–citizen relations across the world: comparing sources and contexts of trust and legitimacy

Police–citizen relations around the world, a stimulating collection of essays from Europe, the United States, and non-Western countries, both expand the horizons of the police trust and legitimacy ...
Investigating the effects of metacognition in dynamic control tasks

Metacogntion is a broadly studied concept in cognitive science, educational psychology and developmental psychology. Prior research on metacognition shows that successful learning is often based on specific metacognitive activities which have to be frequently monitored during learning [1]. An important limitation in prior studies is that most experimental tasks were designed within static environments. Only rarely have researchers investigated metacognition during dynamic decision making. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the significance of metacognition while training to execute dynamic control tasks. Findings from this study demonstrate that the experimental group which was provided more focused feedback had higher situation awareness accuracy, relative to the groups which received relatively less focused feedback or no feedback. In addition, results indicated that metacognitive behaviors which were measured using subjective ratings of Pre and Post Meta probes showed different patterns. Preliminary findings provides evidence that enhanced metacognition has a significant impact on actual situation awareness in dynamic control tasks. Detecting causes for these changes is the next step of the research.
Tobacco Necrosis, Satellite Tobacco Necrosis, and Related Viruses

Necrovirus is a recently coined name for a very small group, presently encompassing only tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) and possibly cucumber necrosis and melon necrotic spot virus. Although TNV was identified very early in the history of plant virology (Smith and Bald, 1935; Pirie et al., 1938; Bawden and Pirie, 1945) and although it has a number of unusual features, this virus has been studied less frequently and in fewer laboratories than most of the long-known viruses. One of the particular aspects of TNV is that it is frequently associated with a satellite, tobacco necrosis satellite virus (TNSV), a very small particle unable to replicate in the absence of TNV (Kassanis and Nixon, 1960, 1961). Another cause for special interest is the mode of its specific transmission by a fungus, Olpidium brassicae (Teakle, 1962; Teakle and Hiruki, 1964). Although TNV can become replicated in many plant species it is not a widespread pathogen and is of little economic importance (Uyemoto, 1981). Its function as a helper for the replication of TNSV, however, makes it of great interest to the scientist concerned with the mode of viral replication.
Acoustic- and elastic-waveform inversion with total generalized p-variation regularization

Geophysical models usually contain both sharp interfaces and smooth variations, and it is difficult to accurately account for both of these two types of medium parameter variations using conventional full-waveform inversion methods. In addition, sparse geometry, noisy data and source encoding usually lead to strong inversion artifacts. We develop a novel full-waveform inversion method for acoustic and elastic waves using a total generalized p-variation regularization scheme to address these challenging problems. We decompose the full-waveform inversion into two subproblems and solve these two minimization subproblems using an alternating-direction minimization strategy. One important advantage of the total generalized p-variation regularization scheme is that it can simultaneously reconstruct sharp interfaces and smooth background variations of geophysical parameters. Such capability can also effectively suppress the noises in source-encoded inversion and sparse-data inversion, or inversion of noisy data. We demonstrate the advantages of our new full-waveform inversion algorithm using a checkerboard model, a modified elastic SEG/EAGE overthrust model, and a land field seismic dataset. Our results of synthetic and field seismic data demonstrate that our new method reconstructs both smooth background variations and sharp interfaces of subsurface geophysical properties accurately, reduces the inversion artifacts caused by source encoding, noisy data or insufficient data coverage effectively, and provides a useful tool for accurate and reliable inversion of field seismic data.
Banks and public capital markets in European emerging economies

A critical aspect of integration of emerging markets (EM) of Eastern Europe into the global financial system is the continuing financial liberalisation process and the development of effective domestic capital markets. While these countries have made considerable progress in this area since the early stages of economic transformation in the 1990s, the level of financial development and market capitalisation remains weak by the developed world's standards. This study examines the development of capital markets and the effect of macroeconomic, bank-level, and regulatory fundamentals on the banks' decision to participate in public capital markets. The study also examines the predominance of foreign-owned banks in EM and assesses their effect on the development of financial markets.
First trimester elevation in circulating endothelin-1 and arterial stiffness are predictive of late pregnancy preeclampsia

Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by late pregnancy hypertension and proteinuria. PE causes significant morbidity for the maternal-fetal unit. Circulating endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, is elevated at the time of diagnosis of human PE. In addition, women with PE demonstrate arterial stiffness as early as the end of the first trimester. However, it is unknown if arterial stiffness is associated with a first trimester elevation in ET-1 and post-delivery placental ET-1. We hypothesized that 1) first trimester plasma ET-1 is elevated and is associated with arterial stiffness in women who develop PE; 2) first trimester ET-1 is predictive of PE; and 3) placental ET-1 is increased in PE. To address these questions, we performed a nested case-control study in women at risk for PE
Incorporating a location-based socioeconomic index into a de-identified i2b2 clinical data warehouse

OBJECTIVE Clinical research data warehouses are largely populated from information extracted from electronic health records (EHRs). While these data provide information about a patient's medications, laboratory results, diagnoses, and history, her social, economic, and environmental determinants of health are also major contributing factors in readmission, morbidity, and mortality and are often absent or unstructured in the EHR. Details about a patient's socioeconomic status may be found in the U.S. census. To facilitate researching the impacts of socioeconomic status on health outcomes, clinical and socioeconomic data must be linked in a repository in a fashion that supports seamless interrogation of these diverse data elements. This study demonstrates a method for linking clinical and location-based data and querying these data in a de-identified data warehouse using Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient data were extracted from the EHR at Nebraska Medicine. Socioeconomic variables originated from the 2011-2015 five-year block group estimates from the American Community Survey. Data querying was performed using Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside. All location-based data were truncated to prevent identification of a location with a population <20 000 individuals. RESULTS We successfully linked location-based and clinical data in a de-identified data warehouse and demonstrated its utility with a sample use case. DISCUSSION With location-based data available for querying, research investigating the impact of socioeconomic context on health outcomes is possible. Efforts to improve geocoding can readily be incorporated into this model. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a means for incorporating and querying census data in a de-identified clinical data warehouse.
Facilitating Resolution of Life-Threatening Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease By Supplementation of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Epidermal Growth Factor (Pregnyl®): A Phase I Study

Introduction Severe acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is characterized by an imbalance of circulating tissue repair factors, with elevated amphiregulin (AREG) and very low ( Patients and Methods Twenty-six patients received hCG/EGF in addition to standard aGVHD therapy (13 with Minnesota high risk aGVHD and 13 receiving 2nd line therapy). In both cohorts, patients with a complete or partial response (CR/PR) at the end of the initial dosing period were eligible to receive maintenance hCG/EGF SQ twice weekly for up to 5 weeks. Initial hCG dosing was at 500 units hCG/m2 SQ, escalating to 2,000 units hCG/m2 in cohorts of 2, with dose assignment by the continual reassessment method. We analyzed GVHD-associated plasma biomarkers during therapy. Results HCG/EGF was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities. At day 28 of study, responses for initial therapy were 8/13 CR (62%), 0/13 PR (0%), and 5/13 NR (38%), higher than institutional historical (n=269) 26% CR, 16% PR, 57% NR (Figure 1A). Responses for 2nd line therapy were 7/13 CR (54%), 1/13 PR (8%), 5/13 NR (38%), 4 of which were deaths (31%), improved relative to historical outcomes (n=85) of 18% CR, 19% PR, 63% NR (including 16% deaths, Figure 1A). In initial therapy patients, plasma EGF rose from baseline 3 pg/ml to 25.4 pg/ml at 6 hours post-hCG/EGF dose (p=0.02), while in 2nd line patients, plasma EGF never rose from baseline 5 pg/ml. Patients with a day 28 CR/PR had a 4.6-fold reduction in plasma AREG over time (Figure 1B). Conclusions HCG/EGF is a novel adjunct therapy in life-threatening aGVHD. The mechanisms of benefit may include facilitation of tissue repair with detectable increases in circulating EGF. The optimal dose and duration of hCG/EGF are under investigation, with ongoing dose escalation in patients with steroid-refractory aGVHD based upon these results. Decreasing plasma AREG may reflect successful treatment of severe aGVHD.
106 Pregnancy intention among women with SLE and other rheumatic diseases

Background An estimated half of all pregnancies in the US are unplanned. In general, unplanned pregnancies are at higher risk for pregnancy loss and birth defects; an estimated 1/3 are electively terminated. Among women with rheumatic disease, the risks of unplanned pregnancy are even higher due to the frequent use of teratogenic medications and complications from active disease at conception. We sought to determine the frequency of unplanned pregnancy and the demographic differences between planned and unplanned pregnancies in a university-based pregnancy and rheumatology clinic. Methods At enrollment into a prospective rheumatology pregnancy cohort, each woman completed the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP), a validated 6-question survey that assesses a womans intentions for conception. Demographic and historical rheumatologic data were collected. A higher LMUP score indicated a higher degree of pregnancy planning; a planned pregnancy has a score of 10–12. Results Eighty-two pregnant women completed the survey between January and December 2018. The majority of women were white (68%), well-educated (77% at least college educated), married (77%), and had private insurance (77%); the average age was 30.7. The most common diagnosis was SLE (26%), followed by RA (21%) and UCTD (18%). The median LMUP score was 11 with 71% of women having a planned pregnancy. Of the women with an unplanned pregnancy, only 37% reported contraceptive use, including progesterone-only pill (8%), IUD (4%), and barrier methods (25%). No differences in contraception use between women with and without SLE were observed. In comparison to women without SLE, those with SLE were more likely to have an unplanned pregnancy (25% without SLE vs 43% with SLE, p=0.2) The LMUP score was significantly lower for women with SLE (mean 10.3 non-SLE vs 9.0 SLE, p=0.07; median 12.0 non-SLE vs 10.0 SLE, p=0.01). Only 43% of women with SLE reported that they had intended to get pregnant, compared to 75% of non-SLE women (p=0.02) and 48% of women with SLE reported taking folic acid or a prenatal vitamin compared to 72% of non-SLE women (p=0.06) Conclusions Among this largely upper-middle and middle class population, most pregnancies were planned and most women took steps pre-pregnancy to prepare; this data may not reflect the typical rheumatology clinic. Among women with SLE, however, a higher proportion of pregnancies were unplanned. Our next steps will be to correlate pregnancy intention with outcomes and implement approaches to limit unplanned pregnancies among women with SLE. Funding Source(s): None
Assessment of Scientists’ Research Capacity

After an empirical test of the evaluative framework developed in Chap. 3, this chapter assesses EPSCoR efforts in builiding scientists' research capacity by comparing the mean values of the four key determinants of individual research capacity between scientists in EPSCoR states and those in other states. The results suggest that individual scientists in EPSCoR states do not show significant weakness in research talent, collaboration, and motivation, and they seem to perform equally well in grant-seeking as their counterparts in non-EPSCoR states. However, the results also reveal important frustrations among scientists in EPSCoR states with their institutional environment.
161. Evaluating the Predictive Value of Blood Culture Bottle Reporting for Coagulase Negative Staphylococci-Positive Cultures: Assessing Contamination vs. True Bacteremia

Background Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are common blood culture (BCx) contaminants, but can also be causes of true blood stream infection (BSI). As a result, the clinical interpretation of CoNS positive BCx poses a significant challenge for providers and drives unnecessary antibiotic use, extended lengths of stay, and increased hospital costs. Despite these challenges, little is known about whether the number of positive BCx bottles within a set can be used to predict contamination vs. true BSI.
“Certain Parts of My Body Don’t Belong to Me”: Trans Individuals’ Descriptions of Body-Specific Gender Dysphoria

Gender dysphoria has historically been explained through both a clinical lens and the narrative of body dissatisfaction. Because clinicians serve in a gatekeeping role for gender affirming medical services, trans clients may feel the need to report symptoms consistent with diagnostic criteria. Clinicians’ accounts of dysphoria, then, may not be the most comprehensive descriptions of gender dysphoria. The present study aimed to understand how trans individuals describe their experience of dysphoria in relation to their body and appearance. Using a non-clinical sample, qualitative data were collected online from 463 participants who identified as transgender, transsexual, non-binary, or having a transgender history, and ranged in age from 18 to 74 (M = 26.89 SD= 8.03). The sample was predominantly White (84.9%), with 15.1% identifying as a racial or ethnic minority. Participants answered an open-ended prompt describing their experience of body dysphoria. Three overarching themes emerged via thematic analysis: 1) Disconnection from Body; 2) Manifestations of Distress; and 3) Changes in Dysphoria. Participants' responses clearly disaggregated the concept of gender dysphoria by independently describing their body (Disconnection from Body) and their distress (Manifestations of Distress). Our participants also specifically described how their dysphoria changed over time and fluctuated in other ways (Changes in Dysphoria). The present findings suggest that trans individuals’ experience of dysphoria is heterogeneous and highlight the ways that lived experiences both support and extend current understandings of gender dysphoria. Discussion focuses on the implications for current clinical practices regarding assessment and diagnosis of gender dysphoria.
Developmental decrease in parvalbumin-positive neurons precedes increase in flurothyl-induced seizure susceptibility in the Brd2+/- mouse model of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE BRD2 is a human gene repeatedly linked to and associated with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Here, we define the developmental stage when increased seizure susceptibility first manifests in heterozygous Brd2+/- mice, an animal model of JME. We wanted to determine (1) whether seizure susceptibility correlates with the proven decrease of γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neuron numbers and (2) whether the seizure phenotype can be affected by sex hormones. METHODS Heterozygous (Brd2+/-) and wild-type (wt) mice of both sexes were tested for flurothyl-induced seizure susceptibility at postnatal day 15 (P15; wt, n = 13; Brd2+/-, n = 20), at P30 (wt, n = 20; Brd2+/-, n = 20), and in adulthood (5-6 months of age; wt, n = 10; Brd2+/-, n = 12). We measured latency to clonic and tonic-clonic seizure onset (flurothyl threshold). We also compared relative density of parvalbumin-positive (PVA+) and GAD67+ GABA neurons in the striatum and primary motor (M1) neocortex of P15 (n = 6-13 mice per subgroup) and P30 (n = 7-10 mice per subgroup) mice. Additional neonatal Brd2+/- mice were injected with testosterone propionate (females) or formestane (males) and challenged with flurothyl at P30. RESULTS P15 Brd2+/- mice showed no difference in seizure susceptibility compared to P15 wt mice. However, even at this early age, Brd2+/- mice showed fewer PVA+ neurons in the striatum and M1 neocortex. Compared to wt, the striatum in Brd2+/- mice showed an increased proportion of immature PVA+ neurons, with smaller cell bodies and limited dendritic arborization. P30 Brd2+/- mice displayed increased susceptibility to flurothyl-induced clonic seizures compared to wt. Both genotype and sex strongly influenced the density of PVA+ neurons in the striatum. Susceptibility to clonic seizures remained increased in adult Brd2+/- mice, and additionally there was increased susceptibility to tonic-clonic seizures. In P30 females, neonatal testosterone reduced the number of flurothyl-induced clonic seizures. SIGNIFICANCE A decrease in striatal PVA+ GABAergic neurons developmentally precedes the onset of increased seizure susceptibility and likely contributes to the expression of the syndrome.
(η6-Bi­phenyl)­tri­carbonyl­chromium and μ-(η6:η6)-bi­phenyl-bis­(tricarbonyl­chromium)

The title compounds, [Cr(C12H10)(CO)3] and [Cr2(C12H10)(CO)6], serve as a fundamental standard of comparison for other mono- and polysubstituted (η6-bi­phenyl)­tri­carbonyl­chromium compounds. (η6-Bi­phenyl)­tri­carbonyl­chromium has a typical piano-stool coordination about the Cr center, and the dihedral angle between the planes of the phenyl rings is 23.55 (5)°. The corresponding angle in μ-(η6:η6)-bi­phenyl-bis­(tri­carbonyl­chromium) is 0° because the mol­ecule occupies a crystallographic inversion center; the Cr atoms reside on opposite sides of the bi­phenyl ligand. Density functional theory and natural bonding orbital theory analyses were used to scrutinize the geometry of these and closely related compounds to explain important structural features.
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Kidney Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Globally, diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of kidney disease, with a critical percent of patients approaching end-stage kidney disease. In the current era, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have emerged as phenomenal agents in halting the progression of kidney disease. Positive effects of SGLT2i are centered on multiple mechanisms, including glycosuric effects, tubule-glomerular feedback, antioxidant, anti-fibrotic, natriuretic, and reduction in cortical hypoxia, alteration in energy metabolism. Concurrently, multiple kidney and cardiovascular outcome studies have reported remarkable advantages of SGLT2i including mortality benefits. Additionally, the superiority of combination therapies (SGLT2I along with metformin/DDP-4 Inhibitors) in treatment-naive diabetic patients is further looked into with potential signal towards glycemic and blood pressure control. Reported promising results initiate a gateway for future research targeting kidney outcomes with combination therapies as an initial approach. In the current paper, we summarize leading cardiovascular and kidney outcome trials in patients with type 2 diabetes, the role of SGLT2i in non-diabetic proteinuric kidney disease, and the potential mechanisms of action of SGLT2i with special focus on combination therapy as an initial therapeutic approach in treatment-naive diabetic patients.
Robot-Assisted Semi-Autonomous Ultrasound Imaging With Tactile Sensing and Convolutional Neural-Networks

We present a semi-autonomous robotic ultrasound system, which provides a novel way to automate the ultrasound image-taking process. The system uses force feedback and a PID controller, a convolutional neural-network (CNN) image classifier to provide direction for movement. The user locates and gives the arm the coordinates at the approximate position of the heart of a patient, which the system uses as its starting point when taking ultrasound images. When the arm returns to the position to take an ultrasound, a PID controller maintains the desired force for an ultrasound, without patient inconvenience. An ultrasound video is then parsed through a CNN frame by frame and classified by quality of image: satisfactory, not satisfactory, and partially satisfactory. Partial images, containing a part of the heart, are then used to reposition the ultrasound. The repositioning function analyzes the intensity profile of the average image array and uses it to instruct the arm to make appropriate adjustments to obtain a satisfactory image. Overall, the ultrasound robot was successful at taking ultrasound images, and provides a novel methodology of using robots for ultrasound imaging.
Does it Pay to Recall Your Product Early? An Empirical Investigation in the Automobile Industry

Defective products are often recalled to limit harm to consumers and damage to the firm. However, little is known about why the timing of product recalls varies across firms after an investigation is opened. Likewise, there is little evidence on how the timing of product recalls impacts firm performance. This study tests the effect of problem severity on time to recall and the contingent role of brand characteristics in moderating this relationship. The hypotheses are tested on a sample of 381 recall investigations conducted in the automobile industry between 1999 and 2012. The results show that while problem severity increases time to recall, this relationship is weaker when the brand under investigation has a) a strong reputation for reliability and b) experienced severe recalls in the recent past. However, the positive effect of problem severity on time to recall is stronger when brands are diverse. Importantly, the findings reveal that on average higher times to recall are punished by stock markets. The study suggests that time to recall has significant consequences for managers and policy makers.
Niemann-Pick disease type C with kidney involvement

Abstract Niemann-Pick disease type C is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by defects in lipid trafficking, typically involving the liver, spleen, and central nervous system. Only rare reports of renal involvement of Niemann-Pick disease have been reported and to date have only been described in type A and B forms of the disease. We report for the first time the kidney biopsy findings in a 21-year-old woman with Niemann-Pick disease type C and nephrotic-range proteinuria. Light microscopy demonstrated foamy podocytes, vacuolated tubular epithelial cells and collections of foam cells in the interstitium. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis as well as diffuse global glomerulosclerosis were present. Electron microscopy showed myelin-like inclusions in podocytes, endothelial cells, tubular and epithelial cells. The inclusions were similar to those found in Fabry’s disease. This case illustrates Niemann-Pick disease as an important differential diagnosis for myeloid bodies. Additionally, this case highlights that glomerular involvement by Niemann Pick disease can result in nephrotic range proteinuria.
Exploring adversity and the potential for growth among Iron[wo]man competitors: A focus on gendered labor and (dis)empowerment

The Ironman triathlon is one of the most famous endurance races in the world. Consisting of a 2.4-mile swim, a 112-mile bike ride, and a 26.2-mile run, it requires significant physical and mental fitness training (Atkinson, 2008) as well as substantial investments in equipment, time, and emotional energy. As opposed to more casual leisure pursuits, the Ironman triathlon can be considered a serious leisure pursuit (Stebbins, 1982). Like other serious athletic leisure pursuits, participation in triathlon can facilitate personal growth experiences, especially through overcoming sport-related adversity (e.g., Atkinson, 2008; Connaughton et al., 2010; Galli & Reel, 2012). In fact, researchers have reported self-discovery, empowerment, agency, and mental toughness as potential benefits of sport-related growth through adversity (Atkinson, 2008; Cronan & Scott, 2008; Galli & Vealey, 2008; Granskog, 1992, 2003; Howells & Fletcher, 2015; Howells et al., 2017; Sarkar et al., 2015).
In Defense of 5G: National Security and Patent Rights Under the Public Interest Factors

Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 authorizes the International Trade Commission (ITC) to stop—or “exclude”—patent-infringing imports. Exclusion orders protect the country against unfair trade practices and enforce U.S. patent rights. But before issuing an order, § 337 mandates the Commission to consider the order’s harm to the public health and welfare, competitive conditions, availability of substitutes, and consumers. Because it rarely finds that these “public interest factors” outweigh the benefits of patent enforcement, the Commission has mostly granted exclusion orders despite growing concerns related to the public’s reliance on imported mobile technology. 5G, or the next generation of mobile technology, promises to connect our homes, cars, and hospitals to digital networks across the country. With great promise comes great risk. Growing hacking threats from foreign adversaries like China and Russia, coupled with the concentrated nature of 5G innovation, raise urgent cybersecurity concerns. From 2017 to 2019, two ITC administrative law judges in Apple Qualcomm investigations disagreed over whether 5G concerns justified the denial of an exclusion order. This Comment argues that the ITC may lawfully interpret § 337 to consider 5G national security risks under the public interest factors and proposes a cybersecurity framework to assess the policy weight of these risks. These analyses will guide businesses and ITC officials through the next generation of patent disputes.
The Effectiveness of Interactive Professional Learning Experiences as a Pedagogical Tool: Evidence from an Audit Setting

This paper describes and documents evidence of the pedagogical value of an interactive professional learning experience (IPLE). IPLE exposes students to realistic practice environments within the classroom by bringing practitioners together with students in a professional supervisory setting. Practitioners review students' work, then meet with students one-on-one to provide feedback on their work. The efficacy of IPLE was evaluated utilizing a between-subjects experimental design in which learning outcomes for participants were compared to a control group who received the same instruction and completed the same written assignment, but did not participate in the professional interaction. Additionally, pre- and post-tests of students' knowledge allowed for a within-subjects assessment of knowledge acquisition. The results suggest that participation in the IPLE improves students' performance on a skills test of relevant material and increases their perceptions of knowledge. Additionally, results indicate that students consider the IPLE a positive experience. Consistent with the students' perceptions, the audit professionals perceived this IPLE as an effective learning experience.
30-Year Experience Managing Anorectal Melanoma With Sphincter-Sparing Local Excision and Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy.

Purpose/Objective(s) Anorectal melanoma (ARM) is a rare malignancy with poor outcomes. We analyzed our 30-year experience using sphincter-sparing local excision (SSLE) and adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) to optimize local control (LC) across eras of changing nodal disease management and systemic therapy. Materials/Methods We identified 111 ARM patients (pts) who underwent SSLE followed by adjuvant primary tumor RT at our institution between 1989-2020. Actuarial curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression was performed for adjusted analyses. Results Median follow up was 31 months (mos) (IQR 15-56 mos). Most pts had locally-confined disease at diagnosis (n = 73, 66%) but 33% (n = 37) had nodal involvement; 20% (n = 22) had a positive SSLE margin. Nodal evaluation was performed for 75 pts (68%): 16 had lymph node dissection (LND) for gross nodal disease and 59 had sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), of which 20 (34%) were positive and 4 proceeded to LND. All patients received adjuvant RT to the primary site (30 Gy in 5 fractions with goal 90% prescription dose coverage); 40 pts received inguinal nodal RT (36%) with 10 having known involved nodes and 30 receiving elective nodal RT. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy was administered to 17 pts (15%), including biochemotherapy (BCM; n = 8), chemotherapy (CTX; n = 2), and immunotherapy (IO; n = 7). Thirteen pts (76%) had evidence of any disease response at surgery. Adjuvant systemic therapy was administered to 43 pts (39%, 21 B.M. 8 CTX, 13 IO, 1 targeted therapy). Eighty pts (72%) relapsed. Distant metastasis (DM) was the most common site of first relapse (n = 55, 69%) followed by nodal relapse (n = 19, 24%). Three-year actuarial outcome rates were: 97% colostomy-free survival (CFS), 83% LC, 64% nodal control (NC), 36% DM-free survival (DMFS), 29% disease-free survival (DFS) and 49% melanoma specific survival (MSS). Multivariate analysis of disease and treatment factors showed that the only independent variable predicting for LC was melanoma in situ at any location in the resection specimen (HR 2.8, P = 0.026). Worse DFS was associated with > 4 mm tumor thickness (HR 1.8, P = 0.022), node+ disease at diagnosis (HR 1.7, P = 0.024), and positive margins at SSLE (HR 1.8, P = 0.035). Node+ disease at diagnosis was the only independent variable predicting for worse MSS (HR 2.2, P = 0.005). Systemic therapy was not significantly associated with improved outcomes, though this result is confounded by patient selection and small numbers. Nodal RT improved NC but had no effect on DFS or MSS. DFS was similar for pts treated in the IO era (2017-2020, n = 25, 3-yr DFS 36%) compared to those treated previously (1989-2016, n = 86, 3-yr DFS 29%; P = 0.38). Conclusion SSLE and adjuvant RT provide effective LC with excellent CFS, an important quality of life outcome, but overall outcomes for ARM patients continue to be poor in the contemporary era.