cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Xenopus TACC homologue, maskin, functions in mitotic spindle assembly.

Maskin is the Xenopus homolog of the transforming acidic coiled coil (TACC)-family of microtubule and centrosome-interacting proteins. Members of this family share a ~200 amino acid coiled coil motif at their C-termini, but have only limited homology outside of this domain. In all species examined thus far, perturbations of TACC proteins lead to disruptions of cell cycle progression and/or embryonic lethality. In Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and humans, these disruptions have been attributed to mitotic spindle assembly defects, and the TACC proteins in these organisms are thought to function as structural components of the spindle. In contrast, cell division failure in early Xenopus embryo blastomeres has been attributed to a role of maskin in regulating the translation of, among others, cyclin B1 mRNA. In this study, we show that maskin, like other TACC proteins, plays a direct role in mitotic spindle assembly in Xenopus egg extracts and that this role is independent of cyclin B. Maskin immunodepletion and add-back experiments demonstrate that maskin, or a maskin-associated activity, is required for two distinct steps during spindle assembly in Xenopus egg extracts that can be distinguished by their response to “rescue” experiments. Defects in the “early” step, manifested by greatly reduced aster size during early time points in maskin-depleted extracts, can be rescued by readdition of purified full-length maskin. Moreover, defects in this step can also be rescued by addition of only the TACC-domain of maskin. In contrast, defects in the “late” step during spindle assembly, manifested by abnormal spindles at later time points, cannot be rescued by readdition of maskin. We show that maskin interacts with a number of proteins in egg extracts, including XMAP215, a known modulator of microtubule dynamics, and CPEB, a protein that is involved in translational regulation of important cell cycle regulators. Maskin depletion from egg extracts results in compromised microtubule asters and spindles and the mislocalization of XMAP215, but CPEB localization is unaffected. Together, these data suggest that in addition to its previously reported role as a translational regulator, maskin is also important for mitotic spindle assembly.
Poverty, Welfare, and the Livelihood Strategies of Nonmetropolitan Single Mothers*

Using the National Survey of Family Growth, we document nonmetropolitan and metropolitan single mothers' economic livelihood strategies. We have three objectives: (1) examine differences in employment, cohabitation, co-residence with other adults, and welfare receipt; (2) evaluate how these livelihood strategies are associated with economic well- being; and (3) identify key metro-nonmetro differences in the effectiveness of these livelihood strategies in improving the economic well-being of single mothers. We e nd surprisingly similar livelihood strategies in nonmetro- politan and metropolitan areas. Employment, cohabitation, and co-resi- dence are strongly associated with economic well-being. However, nonmetro single mothers are less likely than metropolitan mothers to benee t economically from full-time employment. Given our results, '' work-e rst'' policies are likely to be less efe cacious in nonmetropolitan areas. Indeed, nonmetropolitan single mothers are often '' triply disadvantaged'' compared to their metro counterparts; they experience higher rates of poverty, higher barriers to welfare receipt, and lower economic returns from other livelihood strategies. Single mothers face unique challenges to lasting economic security in America' s new welfare policy environment. Welfare reform, which culminated in the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), has sought to encourage economic self- sufe ciency, has placed strict time limits on receipt of cash assistance, and has promoted marriage and two-parent families (Lerman 1999; Blank 2002). The early results have been encouraging. Welfare caseloads declined by more than 50 percent between 1993 and 2001, a e gure that exceeded even the most optimistic forecasts. Moreover, poverty rates among single mothers, although still high, are neverthe- less at record lows, while a declining share of America' s children are now residing in (often poor) single-parent families (Fields and Casper 2001; Lichter and Jayakody 2002; Primus 2001). Whether recent
Arsenic Activates Endothelin-1 Gi Protein–Coupled Receptor Signaling to Inhibit Stem Cell Differentiation in Adipogenesis

Dysfunctional lipid and glucose metabolism contribute to metabolic syndrome-a major public health concern that enhances cardiovascular disease risk. Arsenic (As(III)) exposure may increase metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk by impairing adipose tissue differentiation, function, and insulin sensitivity through pathogenic mechanisms that remain unclear. We hypothesized that As(III) signals through the Pertussis toxin (Ptx) sensitive, Gi protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) to impair adipogenesis, as previously demonstrated for its stimulation of vascular oxidant generation, angiogenesis, and remodeling. Because both As(III) and GPCR ligands inhibit progenitor cell differentiation into adipocytes, we investigated the hypothesis in a model of low-passage human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). As(III) (0.1-1.0 µM) suppressed dexamethasone/insulin-induced hMSC adipogenesis, as indicated by decreased transcriptional promoters of differentiation, decreased fat droplet formation, and decreased expression of differentiated adipocyte markers, such as adiponectin and perilipin. Preincubating hMSC with Ptx prevented 90% of the suppressive effect of As(III). Selective competitive antagonists of Gi-coupled endothelin-1 type A and B receptors were ~60% effective in blocking As(III) inhibition and combination of antagonists to both receptors were 85% effective. In contrast, antagonists to the sphingosine-1-phosphate type 1 receptor (previously shown to mediate As(III) vascular effects) or the angiotensin II type 1 receptor were ineffective in blocking As(III) effects. These studies suggest a majority of arsenic-inhibited adipocyte differentiation, and metabolism requires endothelin-1 GPCRs and that As(III) effects on GPCR signaling are tissue and context specific. This may represent a significant mechanism for the contribution of arsenic exposure to increased metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
Vector space formulation of probabilistic finite state automata

This paper develops a vector space model of a class of probabilistic finite state automata (PFSA) that are constructed from finite-length symbol sequences. The vector space is constructed over the real field, where the algebraic operations of vector addition and the associated scalar multiplication operations are defined on a probability measure space, and implications of these algebraic operations are interpreted. The zero element of this vector space is semantically equivalent to a PFSA, referred to as symbolic white noise. A norm is introduced on the vector space of PFSA, which provides a measure of the information content. An application example is presented in the framework of pattern recognition for identification of robot motion in a laboratory environment.
Pediatric interview assessment of child abuse. Challenges and opportunities.

Pediatricians are called upon by parents and school and court authorities to assess instances of possible child abuse. This article offers practical guidance in conducting interviews with children and parents, in documenting one’s findings, and in dealing with courts and attorneys.
The Multinomial Distribution

A discrete random variable X takes values i = 1, 2,...,k with probabilities {p i , i = 1, 2,...,k}. A sample of size n from X gives the value X = i n i times. The multivariate distribution {n i , i = 1,..., k} is multinomial with parameters n, {p i , i = 1,..., k}. It is ubiquitous in problems dealing with discrete data. The values 1, 2,...,k are called categories or cells.
Opioid Overdose and Withdrawal

The rate of exposure to analgesics including opioids and sedatives continues to rise each year. Rates of opioid abuse and deaths due to overdose are highest among non-Hispanic whites males, between 20 and 64 years old, from low socioeconomic and rural populations.
Permanent implantation of electrodes in spinal cord for obtaining spontaneous action potentials.

SummaryA technic has been described for the implantation of permanent fine wire electrodes in the spinal cord of animals. These electrodes permit oscillographic analysis of spontaneous cord action potentials in an un-anesthetized freely moving animal over a long period of time. The usefulness of this technic in studying animals with movement abnormalities has been indicated.
INFLUENCE OF BETA-MERCAPTOETHYLAMINE, MESENTERIC VESSEL CLAMPING AND PH ON INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF FE50 IN RATS.

SummaryMucosal uptake of Fe59 by the small intestine of rats was below normal when MEA (100 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally 15 minutes before perfusion. The clamping of the mesenteric vessels during the entire period of perfusion reduced mucosal uptake even more than MEA. Activity of Fe59 in the blood of the clamped group was twice the normal value. Consistent blood values were not obtained in the MEA group. Mucosal retention of Fe59 was much higher at pH 4 than at pH 2 and pH 6, but blood activity was considerably higher at pH 2 than at pH 4 and pH 6.
Managing snoring: when to consider surgery.

Snoring can range in significance from merely annoying the patient’s bed partner to being a symptom of obstructive sleep apnea, a risk factor for heart disease and stroke. If conservative measures do not help, primary care physicians can refer patients for consideration of a variety of surgical procedures to keep the airway open during sleep.
Accessing an azaborine building block: synthesis and substitution reactions of 2-chloromethyl-2,1-borazaronaphthalene.

One major synthetic route to the synthesis of benzyl amines, ethers, and esters is the nucleophilic substitution of a benzylic halide. To develop a method for the facile synthesis and functionalization of the isosteric azaborines, 2-chloromethyl-2,1-borazaronaphthalene has been synthesized in one step to afford a similar common precursor to a benzylic halide. This B–N isostere has been shown to be an effective building block by serving as an electrophile in substitution reactions with a large variety of nucleophiles.
Persistence of Chlorobenzilate Residues in Mature Lemon Fruits

As discussed by Gunther & Blinn (1955), there appear to be two principal types of residues on and in treated plant parts. When log residue or percentage of loss or retention of residue is plotted against days after application, a single straight line is obtained with most substrates. With citrus peel as the substrate, however, two intersecting straight lines are usually obtained. The single line represents the summation of degradation3 and persistence behavior, whereas the initial straight line of an intersecting pair is considered to represent degradation, and the line of subsequent behavior to represent the persistence phenomenon. Obviously, the two types of behavior overlap with citrus peel, but it is convenient for purposes of discussion to consider that degradation curves demonstrate graphically the sum of the processes usually classified as weathering, and that falling persistence curves undoubtedly demonstrate enzymatic or other alterations of the parent molecule within the plant part (Gunther & Blinn 1955).
Ideologically Motivated Perceptions of Complexity Believing Those Who Agree With You Are More Complex Than They Are

While prior research has found linguistic complexity to be predictive across multiple domains, little research has examined how people perceive—or misperceive—linguistic complexity when they encoun...
Surface phenomena and continuous casting

Understanding the transformation of liquid steel to solid steel is the most fundamental aspect of continuous casting;however,it remains a complex subject with a number of unresolved issues.In this paper,the following aspects of mold operation which give rise to sub-surface defects will be discussed:meniscus solidification,surface and interfacial energies,effects of gas bubbles,and the dynamic nature of the liquid slag-liquid steel interface.
Implications of hydronephrosis in the newborn with myelodysplasia.

AbstractHydronephrosis has been reported to be present at birth in 6 to 28 per cent of newborns with myelodysplasia. It is unknown whether this hydronephrosis is secondary to abnormal in utero voiding dynamics and is truly present at birth or whether it is acquired postnatally secondary to spinal shock after back closure. We reviewed the perinatal course of 47 myelodysplastic newborns and conclude that the true in utero incidence of hydronephrosis is lower than that suggested in the literature, and that the hydronephrosis seen in many of these newborns is acquired after back closure and is transient in nature.
Drivers That Structure Biodiversity in the Plankton

Biodiversity is a key component regulating the structure and function of planktonic ecosystems and has important ramifications for the biogeochemical footprint of phytoplankton communities. Here, we explore ideas regarding the factors that generate and maintain plankton species diversity. Recently developed methods to investigate the genetics and behavior of planktonic organisms in the laboratory and in situ have provided insights into plankton ecology and evolution, including phylogeny as well as organism interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment. We suggest that the inclusion of an organismal focus that incorporates intra-specific variation could reveal factors driving marine biodiversity, strengthen the theoretical underpinnings of plankton ecology, and enhance our understanding of the population dynamics of microbes. Identification of these structuring mechanisms is not only scientifically challenging but also has significant implications for how we understand the functioning of planktonic ecosystems and our ability to predict how these ecosystems may respond to changing climate conditions.
Recommended Standards and Practices for Brain Electrical Activity Mapping and Topographic Analysis

Topographic mapping of neuroelectrical data has experienced a rapid escalation in acceptance and usage over the past several years. Neuroscientists and clinicians are becoming increasingly reliant on the powerful data-interpretation and statistical-analysis capabilities of the various topographic mapping technologies to assist them in clinical diagnosis and research. Unfortunately, the standardization of practice and quality control that should be concomitant with this growth is lacking. There appears to be a substantial range of perceptions by users of these devices as to what BEAM can and should be used to do.
Chapter 19 – Statistical Techniques for Genetic Analysis

Over the last half century, the field of human medical genetics has had an explosion in both understanding and data that are available relative to human diseases. As such, the study design, data types, and analytic techniques have changed fast dramatically. This chapter will review the study designs and statistical methods that have been commonly used for complex diseases over the past 25 years. We will begin with reviewing the standard approaches that genetic epidemiologists and statisticians have used to determine whether or not a disease is heritable through the use of twin, adoption, and family studies. We will then review the common statistical methods that have been developed to find genetic contributors of disease, starting with genetic linkage studies, genetic association studies, and candidate gene association studies. We will continue to discuss genomewide data that are common today, such as genomewide association data and whole exome/genome sequence data. We will review common and evolving analytic approaches with these data, such as the analysis of rare genetic variants. We will also discuss the complications with collecting genetic data on large cohorts/clinical trials of individuals, such as the existence of population stratification and other forms of bias. We will then review how these complications have been addressed from a statistical point of view and discuss the remaining challenges that still exist. After reviewing analytic techniques for individual genetic variants, we will discuss data-reduction techniques and strategies by which to examine the joint effect of multiple genetic variants simultaneously. We will introduce the emerging concepts of network theory as it is applied to complex diseases. Following this, we will briefly introduce other “omics” data types and how these data types can be used in conjunction with genetic data to elucidate disease etiology. Specifically, we will discuss the use of multiple omics data types in the context of networks and network theory. We will end this chapter with a brief summary and a discussion about additional areas where statistical methodology is needed to move the field of human medical genetics forward.
NOD Hematopoietic Stem Cells Exhibit Autonomous Behavior and a Competitive Advantage in Allogeneic Recipients That Maps to the Idd9 Locus.

Abstract Multiple hematopoietic defects have been defined in NOD mice and in humans with type I diabetes, including defects in myeloid cells and antigen presenting cells that correlate with diabetes progression. Since the replacement of HSC in NOD mice can eliminate the progression of autoimmunity and control on-going autoimmune responses, we characterized the function of HSC from NOD mice. We found that purified HSC from NOD mice have an autonomous behavior when transplanted in allogeneic recipient strains as reflected by significantly enhanced engraftment in allogeneic recipients. NOD HSC were able to compete for engraftment with syngeneic HSC even when the NOD and syngeneic HSC were given at a 1:1 ratio. NOD BMC produced a higher number of splenic colonies compared to B10.BR BMC in the allogeneic day 12 CFU-S assay. We also demonstrated that NOD HSC had a high resistance to irradiation, as reflected by the cell survival 20 hours after irradiation and in the in vitro CFC assay. These data suggest that NOD HSC escape alloreactivity and compete with normal HSC. The enhanced engraftment ability in allogeneic recipients of NOD HSC was not due to an increase in frequency of primitive HSC, enumerated by day 35 cobblestone area forming cells (CAFC). This finding was further confirmed by the fact that there was no difference in the long-term repopulating cell phenotype (CD49e+/CD49ddim) between HSC obtained from NOD, B10.BR or C57BL/10 mice. Notably, NOD bone marrow cells exhibit significantly enhanced chemotaxis to SDF-1 in vitro and significantly increased HSC adhesion to primary stroma. This was associated with an increase in the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 on NOD HSC. Using NOD mice congenic at selected Idd loci with C57BL/10, we determined that the enhanced engraftment potential of NOD HSC mapped to the Idd9 (insulin-dependent diabetes) locus and, as such, the TNF receptor family as well as ski/sno genes may be involved in the mechanism underlying the autonomy of NOD HSC. In conclusion, NOD HSC exhibit increased autonomy in vivo and in vitro compared to non-diabetic strains, and engraft better in allogeneic recipients, possibly due to enhanced migration and adherence to the microenvironment. This finding may be of interest for a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and in developing cell-based strategies to cure diabetes.
Nocturnal Choking, as an Isolated Manifestation of Epilepsy:

Nocturnal paroxysmal events can be easily misdiagnosed. Nighttime gasping is most often associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); however, sudden awakenings with a choking sensation are also features of nocturnal epilepsy. Moreover, there may be an absence of epileptiform activity on a scalp electroencephalography (EEG) interictally and ictally, which creates a diagnostic dilemma.
Direct Brow Lift

Patients should be evaluated and deemed appropriate for such surgical intervention. Brow ptosis that obstructs the visual axis, causes visual disability and affects activities of daily living, or cosmetically unacceptable appearance are candidates for this procedure. The choice of technique for brow lift should be discussed with the patient and the appropriate procedure tailored to the individual patient’s needs and preferences. Patients should be educated about the risks and benefits of the procedure, including alternatives.
Stereotypes influence beliefs about transfer and sentencing of juvenile offenders

ABSTRACTDespite sharp drops in juvenile crime since the mid-1980s, punitive policies regarding juveniles who commit serious offenses still exist. We assessed beliefs about two such practices: transferring offenders from the juvenile justice to the criminal justice system, and subjecting them to sentences of life without parole (LWOP). We examined whether stereotypes about juvenile offenders – the extent to which people believe they are dispositionally violent superpredators versus economically and socially impoverished wayward youth – influence support for these policies. We measured 321 participants’ beliefs about the causes of juvenile crime and juveniles’ potential for recidivism and rehabilitation. Using vignette methodology and actual case facts, we described a 13-, 17-, or 21-year-old offender who murdered a stranger or abusive parent, and asked whether he should be transferred to criminal court and sentenced to LWOP. As endorsement of the superpredator stereotype increased, so did support for these...
Prognosis, Communication, and Advance Care Planning in Heart Failure: A Module for Students, Residents, Fellows, and Practicing Clinicians.

Introduction The increasing prevalence, high symptom burden, and medical advances that often prolong the advanced phase of heart failure mandate an organized and thoughtful approach to medical deci...
Neuroscience: Mum's bacteria linked to baby's behaviour

Infection during pregnancy increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, in offspring. Mouse studies now reveal a link between gut bacteria and atypical brain-circuit connections.
REPRÉSENTATIONS MENTALES DES ÉLÈVES DE 5-6 et 8-9 ANS SUR LA FLOTTAISON ET L’IMMERSION / MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF PUPILS 5-6 and 8-9 YEARS ON FLOATING AND IMMERSION

Dans cet article, nous etudions les representations mentales d’enfants de 5 a 6 et de 8 a 9 ans sur la flottaison et l’immersion des objets. Les idees des eleves ont ete recueillies a travers un entretien individuel avec trois tâches. Les resultats de la recherche montrent que les representations naives provoquent des difficultes dans la comprehension des phenomenes. Ainsi, les enfants majoritairement reconnaissent le poids et/ou le volume des corps comme elements decisifs pour la flottaison ou l’immersion. In this article, we are studying the mental representations of children from 5 to 6 and 8 to 9 years on the flotation and the immersion of objects. The ideas of the students was collected through an interview with three tasks. The results of the research show that naive representations cause difficulties in understanding the phenomena. Thus, children recognize predominantly weight and/or volume of the body as crucial elements for the flotation or immersion. Article visualizations:
A penny saved is a penny earned? Differences in male and female savings and consumption tradeoffs on online retail platforms

Abstract Online retailers in Asia are increasingly offering interest paying accounts to their users. Based on temporal discounting theory, however, customers might consider tradeoffs in opportunities to save money (offered yield by the online retailer × the account balance) versus withdrawing money from the account for online purchases. Based on a sample of 1.95 million transactions from 24,591 customers, when short-term savings opportunities (7-day annualized yield × account balance) are greater, customers withdraw less money for purchase. Relative to females, males tend to withdraw less money for purchase from their account when long-term savings opportunities (1-year annualized yield × account balance) are higher. The findings have implications for temporal discounting behavior in online retail saving opportunities versus purchase transactions, and implications for online retailers who may cannibalize online sales by offering higher yields to online customers.
Self-Adjusting Curriculum Planning in Sherlock II

What are the main criteria for effective automatic curriculum planning? We propose that there are two criteria-one cognitive, the other motivational: (1) selection of tasks that are at the appropriate difficulty level for the student; i.e., challenging, but not frustrating and (2) enough variety in the chosen tasks to sustain the student's interest. The first objective is the more difficult to meet, because it depends upon the system's ability to adaptively model the student's strengths and weaknesses in the domain being taught. However, student modeling is fraught with uncertainty, brought on by such factors as ambiguity in interpreting student actions, careless errors, forgetting prior knowledge, and insufficient evidence.
Reducing Muslim Mammography Disparities: Outcomes From a Religiously Tailored Mosque-Based Intervention.

Objective. To describe the design of, and participant-level outcomes related to, a religiously tailored, peer-led group education program aimed at enhancing Muslim women’s mammography intention. Me...
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Experience in Otolaryngology Residency: A National Survey of Program Directors.

This article aimed to assess the depth and volume of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma exposure and education in otolaryngology residency training in the United States. This is a cross-sectional survey. A 15-question web-based survey was distributed to program directors of 106 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-approved otolaryngology residency programs to inquire about program size and demographics, trauma coverage, case volume, and education. Responses were collected anonymously. A total of 77 responses were received, representing 73% of residency programs. Seventy-five programs (97%) reported that their residents rotated at a level 1 trauma center, and 72 (94%) covered CMF trauma. Sixty-one programs (79%) included pediatric CMF trauma. The majority of programs (76%) allocated less than 10% of residency-dedicated didactic lecture time to CMF trauma. Residents in all programs typically logged at least 11 to 20 cases before graduation with 24% of programs averaging more than 50 cases per resident. Ninety percent of respondents described the training as “somewhat” to “very adequate.” CMF coverage by the otolaryngology department, number of cases, and dedicated didactic lecture time to CMF trauma were significant factors on the perception of adequate training. The majority of program directors felt that the training in CMF trauma was adequate. Reasons for this may include that most residents rotate at level 1 trauma centers, have exposure to pediatric trauma, encounter an adequate volume of cases, and have dedicated didactic time to CMF education.
Social interaction and social development in virtual environments

Like most new technologies, virtual reality VR has been the subject of a great deal of idealization. This paper both debunks that idealization by discussing some problems that certain types of VR could cause and emphasizes how other types of VR could bring the technology closer to its ideal. Virtual reality is divided into four types: social there are real other people to interact with, nonsocial other interactants are simulations of people, creative users can create elements in the virtual environment, and noncreative users interact with a fixed environment created for them. Nonsocial VR may cause problems by making it difficult for children and adolescents to learn social skills. Noncreative VR is problematic because it places limits on users' creativity and freedom. Engineers developing VR technology are encouraged to develop social and creative VR.
Patient Selection in Studies of Aphasia Acquired in Childhood

The history of the study of acquired aphasia of childhood is filled with examples of erroneous conclusions that could be traced to an imperfect understanding of the underlying pathological process that caused the aphasia. Ideally, one wishes to be certain about both the spatial and temporal extent of the pathological process. Strokes, with their restriction to one major vessel territory, sudden onset, and lack of progression best fit these criteria. Other lesions can also be utilized effectively, but the greatest single confounding clinical variable when one wishes to study effects of discrete lesions is severe or prolonged generalized seizures.
AI-Enhanced 3D RF Representation Using Low-Cost mmWave Radar

This paper introduces a system that takes radio frequency (RF) signals from an off-the-shelf, low-cost, 77 GHz mm Wave radar and produces an enhanced 3D RF representation of a scene. Such a system can be used in scenarios where camera and other types of sensors do not work, or their performance is impacted due to bad lighting conditions and occlusions, or an alternate RF sensing system like synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is too large, inconvenient, and costly. The enhanced RF representation can be used in numerous applications such as robot navigation, human-computer interaction, and patient monitoring. We use off-the-shelf parts to capture RF signals and collect our own data set for training and testing of the approach. The novelty of the system lies in its use of AI to generate a fine-grained 3D representation of an RF scene from its sparse RF representation which a mm Wave radar of the same class cannot achieve.
“Usted no es hombre para esas cosas”: masculinidad y renegación en la obra de Carlos O. Bunge

Better known as a sociologist and educator, as a turn-of-the-century dandy, the work of Carlos Octavio Bunge (1875-1918) has received little critica! engagement and even less for his approach to masculinity. This essay proposes to trace sorne of the ambivalent masculinities found in Bunge's writing in order to show that the diverse models that he proposes depend on an intimate relationship with man's capacity for violence. In addition, it interrogates the supposed crisis of modern masculinity by focusing on the disavowal of man's place within patriarchal society.
Mebendazole and radiation in combination increase survival through anticancer mechanisms in an intracranial rodent model of malignant meningioma

Meningiomas are a frequent tumor of the central nervous system. Although mostly benign, approximately 5% present as atypical or malignant tumors. Treatments for atypical meningiomas include gross total resection and radiotherapy, but about 33% of patients have recurrent tumors, sometimes as a higher grade. Recently, the brain penetrant anthelmintic drug, mebendazole, has shown promise as an anticancer agent in rodent models of glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) effect on colony formation, cell proliferation, and caspase-3/7 markers of apoptosis of mebendazole with and without radiation was measured in vitro. Mice intracranially implanted with KT21MG1 human meningioma were administered mebendazole alone or in combination with radiation. Survival benefit was evaluated, while tumors were investigated by immunohistochemical staining for apoptosis, cell proliferation, and vascular density. In vitro experiments on meningioma cell lines showed the IC50 for mebendazole in the range of 0.26–0.42 µM. Mebendazole alone induced cytotoxicity, however the combination had a greater reduction in colony formation and resulted in higher levels of cleaved caspase-3. The in vivo study showed both, mebendazole alone and the combination, to have a survival benefit with an increase in apoptosis, and decreases in tumor cell and vascular proliferation. These preclinical findings indicate that mebendazole alone or in combination with radiation can be considered for the treatment of malignant meningioma. The mechanism of action for this combination may include an increase in apoptosis, a reduction in proliferation and angiogenesis, or a combination of these effects.
Multilayered regulation of TORC1-body formation in budding yeast

The target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (TORC1) regulates cell growth and metabolism in eukaryotes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, TORC1 activity is known to be controlled by the conserved GTPases, Gtr1/2, and movement into and out of an inactive agglomerate/body. However, it is unclear whether/how these regulatory steps are coupled. Here we show that active Gtr1/2 is a potent inhibitor of TORC1-body formation, but cells missing Gtr1/2 still form TORC1-bodies in a glucose/nitrogen starvation-dependent manner. We also identify 13 new activators of TORC1-body formation and show that seven of these proteins regulate the Gtr1/2-dependent repression of TORC1-body formation, while the remaining proteins drive the subsequent steps in TORC1 agglomeration. Finally, we show that the conserved phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI(3)P) binding protein, Pib2, forms a complex with TORC1 and overrides the Gtr1/2-dependent repression of TORC1-body formation during starvation. These data provide a unified, systems-level model of TORC1 regulation in yeast.
Energy efficiency and energy justice for U.S. low-income households: An analysis of multifaceted challenges and potential

Abstract Energy poverty intertwines with the issues of energy inequality and energy justice, presenting a particular challenge for low-income households (LIHs). This study explores energy justice in the U.S. through the lens of several interconnected questions: Do energy assistance programs have adequate participation rates? How accessible are energy efficiency (EE) appliances? Are there different energy practices across income groups? How does time schedule of energy practices differ across income groups, and how is it connected to energy demand flexibility? Based on two representative data sets, this study finds that affordability and accessibility remain serious problems for LIHs. LIHs have lower participation rates in many EE programs and own fewer EE appliances and smart grid technologies. Additionally, thermostat control strategies are different across income levels. LIHs tend to set one fixed temperature, even when they own a programmable thermostat, which is less energy efficient. LIHs engage in more energy practices throughout the daytime than their counterparts and show the least pronounced morning and evening peaks, indicating a relatively inflexible schedule and barriers to accepting demand response programs. This study concludes with policy implications for making energy more affordable, accessible, flexible, and better for the environment, while being fair to those often underserved.
Natural products analogs as scaffolds for supramolecular and combinatorial chemistry

Abstract A new class of analogs of natural products useful for supramolecular and combinatorial chemistry is presented. Starting from the structure of natural dolastatins, we have designed and synthesized a series of amino acid-based unnatural rigid platforms having multiple functional groups pointing in the same direction. The stereochemistry of the final product is entirely determined by the chirality of the constituent amino acids.
Design Considerations for Planar Magnetic Terminations

Termination losses in planar magnetics can be important in high-current, high-frequency designs. In this paper, we elucidate the loss mechanisms involved and offer simplified models for estimating their impact so that designers using planar magnetics can gauge their potential significance in a given design. The use of the model and possible loss mitigation strategies are explored in an example case study for a 20:1 planar transformer. Experimental results highlight the importance of termination effects and demonstrate the relative performance of example mitigation strategies.
Defining Risk and the Use of Risk Assessments by Learning Specialists within NCAA Academic Units: An Exploratory Study

The National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAA (2009) defines the term “risk” as a “student-athlete’s likelihood of graduation”. The ability of athletic departments and athletic academic professionals to identify which of their student-athletes might be considered at risk is less straightforward. While many departments use their own tools to assess risk, there has been little research on the subject. This exploratory study sought to generate a collective understanding of how athletic academic units across the country define the term “at-risk” and assess which of their student-athletes are at-risk in order to begin creating a framework for use across the industry. A survey was completed by 43 member of the National Association of Academic and Student-Athlete Development Professionals (N4A) who serve in learning specialist roles, within athletic academic units. The results showed that academic units, across NCAA institutions, do not have one clear definition of risk, but rather the definition falls into four distinct categories. The study also found that there are three initial risk assessments used most frequently to determine student-athletes’ risk upon arrival at the institution, while the continued risk assessments fall into six distinct categories of assessments. As this is an exploratory study, the researchers acknowledge that we are only scratching the surface in regards to the breadth` and depth of assessment usage to determine risk of student-athletes at NCAA institutions. Therefore, the implications for future research are discussed. Keywords: Risk, assessment, initial assessment, continued assessment
Nonparametric Regression with Stochastic Boundary and Regression Discontinuity with Endogenous Cutoff

We augment the usual regression discontinuity design model by considering an endogenously chosen cutoﬀ, perhaps chosen to maximize certain criterion that the treatment provider has. This regime faces the challenge that, conditional on realization of the cutoﬀ, observations are no longer i.i.d. We develop conditions under which an asymptotic expansion of the locally linear estimator contains a bias term caused by the endogeneity of order op(h2 +1/√nh). The lower order bias justiﬁes the usual optimal bandwidth selection and bias correction procedures in this setting, though it places constraints on the maximal degree of undersmoothing.
Technology Requirements for CPS Implementation in Construction

Delineating the technological requirements for the implementation of CPS in a construction setting is a complex process. Multiple factors have to be taken into consideration for a CPS that is aligned with the objectives of the organization and the intended use. Significant CPS achievements, namely real-time monitoring, automation, digital twin representation, and bi-directionality can only be achieved through proper understanding of CPS at various levels. Having a clear understanding of the requirements, processes, and characteristics of CPS is needed to make for proper CPS implementation in the industry. For this purpose, these requirements are evaluated in this chapter from three levels, namely, device level, platform level and system level, to cover all the factors from micro to macro perspective. This perspective may help a CPS implementation team to take a holistic review of the devices and platform alternatives that together define the characteristics of the system.
Sustainability of soil organic matter at organic mixed vegetable farms in Michigan, USA

Soil samples at thirty (30) USDA organic-certified mixed vegetable farms in Michigan, USA were obtained and analyzed for their percentage of soil organic matter (SOM). The intent was to characterize the changes in SOM content, specifically the overall change since organic certification, the patterns of increase or decline, and whether certain agricultural practices are associated with levels of SOM. A short survey of farmers provided supplemental information about each sampling site, including tillage practices, pesticide use, and cover crops. The results indicate a significant majority (24/30) of organic farms showed increases in the percentage of organic matter content, with one farm exhibiting no change and five farms decreasing. These results were achieved in a variety of soil textures, climatic conditions, and over durations from 1–17 years of organic certification. Organic farms had more than twice the percentage of soil organic matter as the ten (10) conventional farms used as a benchmark. In addition, the soil at the sampled organic farms exhibited high positive correlations between SOM and cation exchange capacity, and between pH and cation exchange capacity. Tillage mean depth at those farms increasing their percentages of organic matter was 70% lower than those farms with decreasing percentages of SOM, which suggests low-till or no till practices may help preserve organic matter. In combination with other management methods, such as cover crop usage and soil amendments, a key indicator of soil health was improved and sustained—a primary objective of organic farming.
Free-standing metal-organic framework (MOF) monolayers by self-assembly of polymer-grafted nanoparticles.

We report a general method for the synthesis of free-standing, self-assembled MOF monolayers (SAMMs) at an air–water interface using polymer-brush coated MOF nanoparticles. UiO-66, UiO-66-NH2, and MIL-88B-NH2 were functionalized with a catechol-bound chain-transfer agent (CTA) to graft poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) from the surface of the MOF using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). The polymer-coated MOFs were self-assembled at the air–water interface into monolayer films ∼250 nm thick and capable of self-supporting at a total area of 40 mm2. Mixed-particle films were prepared through the assembly of MOF mixtures, while multilayer films were achieved through sequential transfer of the monolayers to a glass slide substrate. This method offers a modular and generalizable route to fabricate thin-films with inherent porosity and sub-micron thickness composed of a variety of MOF particles and functionalities.
Towards Long-Term Learning to Motivate Spontaneous Infant Kicking for Studies in Early Detection of Cerebral Palsy using a Robotic System: A Preliminary Study

Infant kicking patterns can provide clues for causes for concern with future development. Cerebral Palsy is a development disorder that may be predicted by observing the spontaneous kicking patterns of an infant. Early detection and intervention can improve the overall long term outcome through specific physical therapy exercises. Since all infants are unique it may be beneficial to learn child specific stimuli that optimize the quantity of kicking actions. Discovering the stimuli that will encourage a particular infant to perform kicking actions will give healthcare professionals more opportunities to observe and evaluate these actions for possible atypical patterns. We expand on previous work that utilizes computer vision and a robotic baby mobile that detects infant kicking motions and activates stimuli to encourage continued kicking. Based on the observed state-action pairs recorded while an infant interacts with the robotic baby mobile, we develop a Markov Decision Process and calculate an optimal policy to encourage an increased amount of kicking. This method could theoretically be applied to different infants, which would result in varying optimal policies that are specific to each child. In this paper we will briefly describe the robotic system, discuss the resulting Markov Decision Process and optimal policy, and describe future works.
Almost Over: Aging, Dying, Dead: Kamm, F.M., New York: Oxford University Press, 2020, pp. xii + 330, US$29.95 (hardback).

In this thought-provoking and tightly argued book, Kamm discusses philosophical and legal issues concerning aging and death. In chapter 1, she offers views about why death is bad for the one who di...
Familial perceptions of appropriate treatment types and goals for a family member who has opioid use disorder.

Abstract Background Despite effective, evidence-based medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), these treatments remain underutilized. This may be due to multiple reasons. Family members may impact patient decision-making when choosing an opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment. While there has been work on patient preferences and attitudes towards opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment, to date, there has been minimal work assessing the attitudes of family member towards OUD treatment and recovery. Methods Participants were ≥ 18 years of age and endorsed having a first-degree family member with past-year treatment for OUD. Participants were recruited via online crowdsourcing and were asked a number of questions regarding their desired outcomes for OUD treatment, and their familiarity, approval, and perceived effectiveness of various OUD treatment options. Results The most commonly reported desired treatment outcome (50 %) was for family members to never use any kind of opioid, including maintenance therapies or opioid analgesics. Mean familiarity ratings for MOUD (rated 0–100) were relatively low, with naltrexone being the least familiar (32.3). Among those who endorsed a familiarity rating of at least 30 for a given treatment, mean approval and effectiveness ratings were relatively low—buprenorphine (approve 55.1; effective 54.1), methadone (approve 51.9; effective 49.3), naltrexone (approve 61.6; effective 55.9). These were lower than approval and effectiveness ratings for all non-MOUD treatments queried. Conclusions These findings highlight a need for clinicians and researchers to engage with family members’ regarding their preferences and understanding of treatment, and to better understand how this might impact patient engagement with treatment.
Prognostic Role of Simultaneous Assessment of Biventricular Function Using Left Ventricular Stroke Work Index and Right Ventricular Stroke Work Index

Purpose We hypothesized that simultaneous assessment of biventricular function could predict clinical outcomes. Methods We reviewed 180 patients undergoing a milrinone drug study and right heart catheterization at our center from January 2013 to January 2019. Left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) was calculated as 0.0136 * ((cardiac index/heart rate) * 1000) * (mean arterial pressure - pulmonary capillary wedge pressure), and right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) was calculated as 0.0136 * ((cardiac index/heart rate) * 1000) * (mean pulmonary arterial pressure - right atrial pressure). Cutpoints were determined by ROC analysis. Patients were stratified as: (1) High LVSWI, High RVSWI; (2) High LVSWI, Low RVSWI; (3) Low LVSWI, High RVSWI; and (4) Low LVSWI, Low RVSWI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine association with escalation of therapy, defined as left ventricular assist device implantation, heart transplantation, or death. Results Cutpoints of 18.3 and 10 were determined for LVSWI and RVSWI, respectively. Low LVSWI, High RVSWI was associated with escalation of therapy or death at 30 days (OR 4, 95% CI 1.05 - 15.59, p = 0.041). All of the following statuses were associated with a negative outcome at one year: Low LVSWI, High RVSWI (OR 14, 95% CI 2.44 - 265.8, p = 0.015), Low LVSWI, Low RVSWI (OR 4.85, 95% CI 2.25 - 10.85, p Conclusion Simultaneous assessment of biventricular function using LVSWI and RVSWI is associated with clinical outcomes and may be useful for risk stratification.