cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carcinogenicity Evaluations using Genetically Engineered Animals

The use of genetically engineered animals in preclinical development has increased substantially over the past two decades. Most preclinical safety studies using genetically engineered mice are focused on evaluations of agent carcinogenicity; these studies are performed in animal models that demonstrate a predisposition to neoplastic development as the result of either (a) insertion of an oncogene into the germline (e.g., rasH2 mouse) or (b) deletion of a tumor suppressor gene from the germline (e.g., hemizygous p53 knockout mouse). Standardized protocols have been developed for carcinogenicity evaluations in genetically engineered mice, and the results of studies in several models are considered by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the International Conference on Harmonization to provide an adequate assessment of agent carcinogenicity. In many cases, a six-month carcinogenicity study in genetically engineered mice can be performed in lieu of a two-year carcinogenicity bioassay in standard-bred mice; this approach reduces the total number of animals used for carcinogenicity testing, and may generate substantial savings in both calendar time and cost.
Superadditivity of Phenidone/Pyrogallol Developers

AbstractA useful developer can be formulated with pyrogallol if it is used in combination with Phenidone. The developer activity of the mixture is far superior to that of the individual components used separately, and closely matches the developer activity of Phenidone/hydroquinone solutions. A low pH formulation, consisting only of pyrogallol, Phenidone, and sodium sulphite (pH 8.30) yields a higher emulsion speed for the same development time than does a conventional fine grain developer like Eastman Kodak D-76. Since the pH of this developer is low, auto-oxidation is no problem and the developer is stable.This paper discusses the superadditive effect of the pyrogallol-Phenidone developer and compares its activity with metol-pyrogallol and hydroquinone-Phenidone combinations. A stable, high pH, Phenidonepyrogallol developer is also described that makes use of ascorbic acid rather than sodium sulphite as the preservative.
Structures of Class II MHC Molecules and Accessory Proteins During Trafficking in Subcellular Compartments

Synthetic rates of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and associated molecules increased appreciably after 4 to 8 hours of polyclonal activation without any perceptible change in forms of those molecules. Ii was cleaved in intracellular vesicles to release a COOH-terminal p25 fragment at 20 to 40 minutes after [35S] methionine labeling. The association of Ii to class II MHC antigen could protect the desetope of class II MHC molecules from ambient peptides until reaching a foreign peptide containing endosome, there catalyzing the charging of digested foreign peptides onto the desetope in a concerted mechanism of Ii release and association of the foreign peptide. Ii could also retain class II MHC antigens in an endosome until charged for transport to the cell surface.
What do students really learn from a fashion show? A theoretical approach to a project-based learning activity

Currently, there is very limited research on the value or educational objectives associated with student engagement in a fashion-show production. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to apply a project-based learning, theoretical framework (Blumenfeld, Soloway, Marx, Krajcik, Guzdial, & Palincsar, 1991) to a merchandising/promotions project that involved planning and executing a student-directed fashion show.
The Effects of Investors’ Information Processing Limitations When Incorporating Return on Assets into Their Investment Decisions

Research suggests that investors fail to fully process changes in return on assets due to their incomplete processing of changes in asset turnover. We propose that investors do not fully process changes in return on assets—stemming from changes in asset turnover—because of their (1) fixation on the income statement, and (2) split attention when integrating summary measures from the income statement and the balance sheet. Using experimental methods, we find that combining relevant financial statement information on a single page improves investors’ processing of return on assets. Further, we find that fully integrating the financial statements by presenting each income statement item as a percentage of average total assets improves investors’ processing of return on assets relative to simply presenting integrated financial statement information in a reconciliation. Our study makes important contributions both to the academic literature and to standard setting by providing an explanation based on investors’ information processing limitations as to why investors do not fully process changes in return on assets. In doing so, we highlight the benefits of presentation formats that fully combine and integrate relevant financial statement information in ameliorating the adverse effects of fixation and split attention.
Dexter: faster troubleshooting of misconfiguration cases using system logs

Misconfigurations in the storage systems can lead to business losses due to system downtime with substantial people resources invested into troubleshooting. Hence, faster troubleshooting of software misconfigurations has been critically important for the customers as well as the vendors. This paper introduces a framework and a tool called Dexter, which embraces the recent trend of viewing systems as data to derive the troubleshooting clues. Dexter provides quick insights into the problem root cause and possible resolution by solely using the storage system logs. This differentiates Dexter from other previously known approaches which complement log analysis with source code analysis, execution traces etc.. Furthermore, Dexter analyzes command history logs from the sick system after it has been healed and predicts the exact command(s) which resolved the problem. Dexter's approach is simple and can be applied to other software systems with diagnostic logs for immediate problem detection without any pre-trained models. Evaluation on 600 real customer support cases shows 90% accuracy in root causing and over 65% accuracy in finding an exact resolution for the misconfiguration problem. Results show up to 60% noise reduction in system logs and at least 10x savings in case resolution times, bringing down the troubleshooting times from days to minutes at times. Dexter runs 24x7 in the NetApp's® support data center. The paper also presents insights from study on thousands of real customer support cases over thousands of deployed systems over the period of 1.5 years. These investigations uncover facts that cause potential delays in customer case resolutions and influence Dexter's design.
Neonatal abstinence syndrome and early childhood morbidity and mortality in Washington state: a retrospective cohort study.

Neonatal abstinence syndrome and early childhood morbidity and mortality in Washington state: a retrospective cohort study
Privately Issued Money in the US

In recent years, there has been a revival of privately issued money. Due to the general lack of successful or even widely circulating private currency, it can be challenging to get a clear view of its efficiency using modern data. The U.S. historical period, however, offers a unique environment to examine the topic as private bank money made up a sizable portion of the money supply. Moreover, the period presents a wide range of regulation, including spans with and without the presence of a central bank or monetary authority. This chapter begins by highlighting the general history of privately issued money in the United States from 1790 through its elimination in the 1930s. Topics include the rise of state bank notes, the switch to national bank notes, clearinghouse currency, the Aldrich-Vreeland emergency currency associations, and the decline of private currency. It then examines open topics in the literature and provides suggestions for study going forward.
Electrical Stimulation for Voiding Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract Incontinence and frequency of voiding were present after spinal cord injuries in 18 patients. A hyperreflexic bladder and/or pelvic floor weakness was found in these patients. Functional electrical stimulation resulted in relief or improvement of symptoms in 9 of the 11 patients in whom this procedure was used. An increase in anal sphincter pressure with functional electrical stimulation was a more reliable criterion than an increase in maximum urethral pressure in the selection of patients for the procedure.
Vancomycin Dosing and Monitoring in the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis: Results of a National Practice Survey.

OBJECTIVES Vancomycin is commonly used in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) to treat acute pulmonary exacerbations, but few guidelines exist to help dose and monitor patients. The objective of this study was to assess vancomycin use and monitoring strategies at Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF)–accredited centers in hopes of developing and implementing vancomycin dosing and monitoring standards. METHODS An anonymous national cross-sectional survey of pharmacists affiliated with CFF-accredited pediatric and/or adult centers was performed by using Surveymonkey.com. The survey consisted of 3 sections: (1) CF Center Demographic Information (10 questions); 2) vancomycin use in pediatric CF patients (31 questions); and 3) vancomycin use in adult CF patients (29 questions); it was administered from March 9, 2015, to April 13, 2015. RESULTS The survey was completed by 31/69 (45%) pharmacists and 28 (90.3%) reported using vancomycin in the pediatric population. The most common initial starting dose for pediatric p...
How I learned to stop worrying and love machine learning

Artificial intelligence and its machine learning (ML) capabilities are very promising technologies for dermatology and other visually oriented fields due to their power in pattern recognition. Understandably, many physicians distrust replacing clinical finesse with unsupervised computer programs. We describe convolutional neural networks and discuss how this method of ML will impact the field of dermatology. ML is a form of artificial intelligence well suited for pattern recognition in visual applications. Many dermatologists are wary of such unsupervised algorithms and their future implications.
INDENTATION DAMAGE IN TUNGSTEN CARBIDE AND TUNGSTEN-TITANIUM CARBIDE

Tungsten carbide (WC) is the main constituent of cemented carbides used for metal machining and rock drilling. Titanium carbide (TiC) is added to some grades of WC-Co to improve wear resistance in cutting metals. These grades contain both hexagonal WC and cubic (W, Ti)C solid solutions as the principal hard phases. In both applications high stresses and high temperatures are generated locally at the tool surface by contact with asperities or with rock fragments. Under normal rock-drilling conditions the cutting surfaces can reach temperatures up to 400°C1 and temperatures as high as 800°C might be reached with dull bits or under unusually high loads.2 Tool-tip temperatures up to 1000°C3 have been recorded in metal cutting operations.
Id Proteins: Small Molecules, Mighty Regulators

The family of inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins is a group of evolutionarily conserved molecules, which play important regulatory roles in organisms ranging from Drosophila to humans. Id proteins are small polypeptides harboring a helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif, which are best known to mediate dimerization with other basic HLH proteins, primarily E proteins. Because Id proteins do not possess the basic amino acids adjacent to the HLH motif necessary for DNA binding, Id proteins inhibit the function of E protein homodimers, as well as heterodimers between E proteins and tissue-specific bHLH proteins. However, Id proteins have also been shown to have E protein-independent functions. The Id genes are broadly but differentially expressed in a variety of cell types. Transcription of the Id genes is controlled by transcription factors such as C/EBPβ and Egr as well as by signaling pathways triggered by different stimuli, which include bone morphogenic proteins, cytokines, and ligands of T cell receptors. In general, Id proteins are capable of inhibiting the differentiation of progenitors of different cell types, promoting cell-cycle progression, delaying cellular senescence, and facilitating cell migration. These properties of Id proteins enable them to play significant roles in stem cell maintenance, vasculogenesis, tumorigenesis and metastasis, the development of the immune system, and energy metabolism. In this review, we intend to highlight the current understanding of the function of Id proteins and discuss gaps in our knowledge about the mechanisms whereby Id proteins exert their diverse effects in multiple cellular processes.
Lymphatic Vessel Network Structure and Physiology

The lymphatic system is comprised of a network of vessels interrelated with lymphoid tissue, which has the holistic function to maintain the local physiologic environment for every cell in all tissues of the body. The lymphatic system maintains extracellular fluid homeostasis favorable for optimal tissue function, removing substances that arise due to metabolism or cell death, and optimizing immunity against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other antigens. This article provides a comprehensive review of important findings over the past century along with recent advances in the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of lymphatic vessels, including tissue/organ specificity, development, mechanisms of lymph formation and transport, lymphangiogenesis, and the roles of lymphatics in disease. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:207-299, 2019.
Chapter 12 – Stringency: Conditions That Influence Nucleic Acid Structure

One of the principal tools of the molecular biologist is hybridization technology, that is, the ability to promote the formation of double-stranded molecules from two complementary single-stranded nucleic acid molecules. Stringency is a defined set of conditions that are used to control the “strandedness” of nucleic acid molecules. It is a measure of the likelihood that a double-stranded nucleic acid molecule will dissociate into its constituent single strands. As the stringency in a system is lowered, a proportional increase in nonspecific hybridization is favored. The variables that are commonly manipulated to either promote or prevent nucleic acid hybridization include pH, ionic strength, temperature, and the inclusion of formamide or urea. The nitrogenous base composition, the length of the molecule, and the degree to which two single-stranded molecules are complementary, all influence the stability of the duplex at any given level of stringency. At low concentrations or in the absence of salt, electrostatic repulsion will easily exceed the strength of the hydrogen bonds resulting in the dissociation of double-stranded molecules whereas the effect of temperature is opposite to that of salt concentration. pH influences the degree of ionization of nucleic acid molecules. Formamide ensures high fidelity hybridization without the concerns associated with temperature extremes. Urea has the desirable qualities of being a duplex destabilizing compound and is considerably less toxic than formamide. Thus, stringency is all about the behavior of complementary nucleic acid molecules under fairly hostile conditions.
Glucocorticoids Paradoxically Induce Intrinsic Steroid Resistance through a STAT5-Mediated Survival Mechanism in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract Upfront resistance to glucocorticoids (GCs) confers a poor prognosis for children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Using primary diagnostic samples from the Children's Oncology Group trial AALL1231, we previously demonstrated that one-third of patient T-ALL samples are intrinsically resistant to GCs when cultured in the presence of interleukin-7 (IL7), a cytokine that is abundant in the T-ALL microenvironment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling downstream of the IL7 receptor (IL7R) with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib (RUX) overcomes GC resistance in these samples. The objective of the present study was to determine the mechanism of IL7-induced GC resistance in T-ALL and to identify novel therapeutic targets to enhance GC sensitivity. We utilized CCRF-CEM cells, a human T-ALL cell line, as a model system in conjunction with primary patient samples. Exposing CCRF-CEM cells to IL7 induced phosphorylation of STAT5, the predominant downstream effector of IL7R signaling. When cultured in the presence of IL7 and the GC dexamethasone (DEX), CCRF-CEM cells recapitulated the IL7-induced GC resistance phenotype observed in patient samples. This resistance could be overcome with RUX, and Bliss index analysis demonstrated a synergistic relationship between DEX and RUX in the presence of IL7. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout of STAT5 (STAT5 KO) was sufficient to overcome resistance, implicating STAT5 as the critical mediator of IL7-induced GC resistance. DEX exposure potently induced upregulation of IL7R expression in CCRF-CEM cells. Using a luciferase reporter construct containing a series of STAT5 response elements, we demonstrated that in the presence of IL7, DEX-induced upregulation of IL7R expression is associated with increased downstream signal transduction, leading to a significant increase in STAT5 transcriptional output. We then performed RNA-seq to further assess the functional consequences of this enhanced STAT5-mediated transcription. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that STAT5 target genes were significantly upregulated in cells exposed to DEX and IL7 relative to IL7 alone (normalized enrichment score -2.27; p Disclosures Teachey: La Roche: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy.
MERUMUSKAN PERATURAN ANTI STRATEGIC LAWSUIT AGAINST PUBLIC PARTICIPATION DI INDONESIA

ABSTRAK Anti-Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (Anti-SLAPP) telah diatur dalam Pasal 66 Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009. Banyaknya kasus pelanggaran hak partisipasi masyarakat untuk mendapatkan lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat membuat pemerintah berkomitmen untuk menyusun aturan pelaksana dari Pasal 66 Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009. Sebagai konsep yang tergolong baru di Indonesia, perumusan peraturan mengenai Anti-SLAPP menghadapi beberapa tantangan fundamental, terutama mengenai konsep Anti-SLAPP seperti apa yang mau diatur. Gagasan untuk melakukan perbandingan hukum dengan negara lain yang telah mengatur Anti-SLAPP juga tidak mudah dilakukan mengingat adanya perbedaan situasi mendasar masalah-masalah yang dikategorikan SLAPP di Indonesia. Oleh penggagasnya, Anti-SLAPP merupakan konsep yang ditawarkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan di Amerika Serikat. Begitupun dengan Indonesia, maka seharusnya pengaturan mengenai Anti-SLAPP disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan di Indonesia. Mengingat urgensi pengaturan mengenai Anti-SLAPP, maka artikel ini bertujuan menguraikan materi-materi muatan apa saja yang penting untuk dirumuskan. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis-normatif, dimana untuk menjawab pokok permasalahan dilakukan dengan analisis historis, teori dan regulasi yang berlaku. Kata kunci: anti-slapp; partisipasi publik; pasal 66; hak. ABSTRACT Anti-Strategic Law Against Public Participation (Anti-SLAPP) has been regulated in Article 66 of Law Number 32 Year 2009. The number of cases of violations of people’s rights to participate in obtaining a good and healthy environment has made the government committed to formulating implementing rules for Article 66 Law No. 32 of 2009. As a relatively new concept in Indonesia, the formulation of regulations concerning Anti-SLAPP faces several fundamental challenges, especially concept of Anti-SLAPP which is intended to be regulated. The idea of making legal comparisons with other countries which has been regulated Anti-SLAPP is also not easy to do, because the differences in the basic situation of problems categorized as SLAPP in Indonesia. By the initiator, Anti-SLAPP is a concept offered in accordance with the needs in the United States. Likewise, with Indonesia, the Anti-SLAPP arrangement should be adjusted to the needs in Indonesia. Refers to the urgency of the regulation regarding Anti-SLAPP, this article aims to describe what content materials are important to be formulated. The method used is a juridical-normative method. Keywords: anti-slapp; public participation; article 66; rights.
Phase Correction for Ultrasonic Bulk Wave Measurements of Elastic Constants in Anisotropic Materials

When an ultrasonic wave is incident on a water/solid interface generally three waves are excited in the solid: one longitudinal and two shear. The complex amplitudes of the transmitted waves depend on the material properties and the angle of incidence. At incident angles higher than the first critical angle an evanescent longitudinal wave is excited near the surface. To satisfy the boundary conditions the imaginary parts of the shear wave amplitudes become non-zero. This implies that the shear waves experience a phase shift at the water/solid interface at incident angles higher than the first critical.
Motif V acts as a Regulator of Energy Transduction Between the Flavivirus NS3 ATPase and RNA Binding Cleft

The unwinding of double-stranded RNA intermediates is a critical component for the replication of flavivirus RNA genomes. This function is achieved by the C-terminal helicase domain of nonstructural protein 3 (NS3). As a member of the superfamily 2 (SF2) helicases, NS3 is known to require the binding and hydrolysis of ATP/NTP to translocate along and unwind double-stranded nucleic acids. However, the mechanism of energy transduction between the ATP and RNA binding pockets is not well understood. Previous molecular dynamics simulations published by our group have identified Motif V as a potential communication hub for this energy transduction pathway. In order to investigate the role of Motif V in this process, a study combining molecular dynamics, biochemistry and virology has been employed. Mutations of Motif V were tested in both replicon and recombinant protein systems to investigate viral genome replication, RNA binding affinity, ATP hydrolysis activity and helicase unwinding activity. Using these analyses, we found that T407A and S411A in Motif V demonstrated increased turnover rates, suggesting that the mutations causes the helicase to unwind dsRNA more quickly than WT. Additionally, simulations of each mutant were used to probe structural changes within NS3 caused by each mutation. These simulations indicate that Motif V controls communication between the ATP binding pocket and the helical gate. These data help define the linkage between ATP hydrolysis and helicase activity within NS3 and provide insight into the biophysical mechanisms for ATPase driven NS3 helicase function.
Attitudes and Perceptions Towards Radiation Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients: The Role of a Multidisciplinary Care Team.

Previous studies have shown that breast cancer patients’ beliefs regarding radiation therapy (RT) are influenced by a multitude of factors encompassing demographic, socioeconomic, cultural, and healthcare-related domains. The association between consultation with a multidisciplinary care team and breast cancer patients’ attitudes towards RT, however, remains understudied. Using survey and medical record data from 185 women with invasive, non-metastatic breast cancer who received breast conserving surgery, we aimed to characterize the relationship between the number and type of oncological specialties consulted and women’s belief in RT’s ability to decrease the likelihood of breast cancer recurrence. Using multivariable models, we found that compared to women who discussed RT with only one oncologist (medical, radiation, or surgical), women who discussed RT with all three oncologists were more likely to report increased agreement with RT’s ability to reduce cancer recurrence. No single specialty of oncology, including radiation oncology, showed increased associations with women’s beliefs regarding RT’s efficacy. We conclude that women’s beliefs in the ability of radiation therapy to reduce breast cancer recurrence are associated with an increased number of oncologic physicians consulted.
A fine-scale spatial analytics of the assessment and mapping of buildings and population at different risk levels of urban flood

Abstract Nowadays, urban flooding is becoming a severe issue in most of the developing and developed countries. The growth of the urbanization rate is also increasing, and the United Nations (UN) projected that 68 % of the world’s population would live in urban areas by 2050. People tend to migrate from rural to urban areas, which expose them more vulnerable to urban floods. The flood-related damages and deaths are increasing every year globally. Using the Birmingham city, Alabama (AL), USA as the study area, the objective of this research is to assess potential damage risks due to flood exposure of buildings and population in an urban area. Different social and environmental factors influence urban floods in an urban area. This paper considered elevation, slope, flow accumulation, land-use, soil types, and distance from the river as significant influential factors to urban flooding. The flood risk model hence can be developed by using an integrated GIS and cartrographic approach, in which we assessed and assigned weights to these factors and formed a GIS risk assessment model, which shows the level of flood risks in the floodplain areas of Birmingham and quantifies and maps both commercial buildings, home buildings, and populations’ exposed to flooding risks. This study found that the Valley Creek area is the highest flood risk zone in Birmingham, and about 48.85 percent of Valley Creek’s floodplain area will face very high flood risk. The findings further reveal that total number of 5602 people are living in high and very high flood risk zones in Birmingham that approximates 44.04 % of the total population in this floodplain area. The physical vulnerability is also assessed, and findings suggest that the Valley Creek zone has the highest percentage of residential (i.e., 56.14 %) and commercial (i.e., 75.34 %) buildings located in very high flood risk areas. Our study providing a GIS risk assessment approach to locating and mapping the areas, buildings, and populations from the most to the least at risks with a fine spatical scale for urban flood risk management. The numbers of vulnerable buildings and populations within each risk category are quantified and their distributions are mapped. Therefore, revealing population’s and buildings’ risks and their geographic information, this flood risk assessment can help local governments and communities prepare better to take actions against future urban flood events in Birmingham, and this integrated GIS and cartographic analysis for fine flooding assessments can be applied to other urban areas for flood mitigation and risk management.
Insulator-metal transition in BaCo 0.9 Ni 0.1 S 2-y Se y

Compounds of the Se-doped layered transition-metal sulfide series ${\mathrm{BaCo}}_{0.9}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{S}}_{2\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Se}}_{y} (yl~0.4)$ were prepared and structural, magnetic, and electrical properties were investigated. These compounds exhibit the unusual first-order antiferromagnetic semiconductor to paramagnetic metal transition with decreasing temperature that was previously seen in the sulfur-deficient ${\mathrm{BaCo}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{x}{\mathrm{S}}_{2\ensuremath{-}y}$ series. This transition is associated with a major structural change. The previously unknown crystal structure of the low-temperature phase is reported. Electrical resistance and magnetic susceptibility measurements are used to construct the phase diagram for ${\mathrm{BaCo}}_{0.9}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{S}}_{2\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Se}}_{y}.$ Doping with Se increases the insulator-metal transition temperature, but has very little effect on other properties since it substitutes for S only in the BaS layers.
Describing angular momentum conventions in circularly polarized optically pumped NMR in GaAs and CdTe.

Abstract The physical phenomena governing hyperpolarization through optical pumping of conduction electrons continue to be explored in multiple semiconductor systems. One early finding has been the asymmetry between the optically pumped nuclear magnetic resonance (OPNMR) signals when generated by different circular polarizations (i.e., light helicities). Because these resonances are asymmetric, the midpoint between the signals prepared with each of the two circular polarizations is either a positive or negative value, termed an “offset” that is representative of an optical Overhauser enhancement. Both negative offsets (in GaAs) and positive offsets (in CdTe) have been observed. The origins of these offsets in semiconductors are believed to arise from thermalized electrons; however, to the best of our knowledge, no study has systematically tested this hypothesis. To that end, we have adopted two configurations for OPNMR experiments—one in which the Poynting vector of the laser light and magnetic field are parallel, and one in which they are antiparallel, while other experimental conditions are kept the same. We find that the OPNMR signal response to a fixed helicity of light depends on the experimental configuration, and this configuration needs to be accounted for in order to properly describe the OPNMR results. Further, studying the offsets as a function of field strength shows that the optical Overhauser enhancement (the offset) increases in magnitude with field strength. Finally, by describing all angular momentum and phasing conventions unambiguously, we are able to determine that the absorptively-phased appearance of 113 Cd (and 125 Te) OPNMR in CdTe is a consequence of the sign of the nuclear gyromagnetic ratios for these isotopes.
Nowcasting Earthquakes:Imaging the Earthquake Cycle in California with Machine Learning

We propose a new machine learning-based method for nowcasting earthquakes to image the time-dependent earthquake cycle. The result is a timeseries which may correspond to the process of stress accu...
Sensitivity Analysis of Douglas Equipment Life Model

The Douglas Model is a complex mathematical model used to determine the optimal economic life of construction equipment. It has a large number of input parameters. Many of the input parameters are based on predictions of uncertain future events. Monte Carlo simulation was used to study the sensitivity of the Douglas Model to random errors in the determination of the input parameters. The uncertainty of the parameters was assumed to be described by normal and beta probability distributions, and 100 simulations were made for each of the assumed distributions. It is concluded that the Douglas Model is not too sensitive to random variation of the input parameters.
Reportable Entity Partner Attribution Rules Lack Authority

The reportable entity partner rules of the instructions to the partnership Schedule M-3 are designed to promote more transparency in taxpayer reporting and to prevent possible abuse through the use of off-balance-sheet financing to hide some activities. The instructions may rise to the level of rules and regulations under the section 7805(a) congressional grant of authority, and it may be argued that these instructions are administrative interpretations of the section 6031(a) general reporting rules for partnerships. However, the inclusion of entity-to-owner attribution rules in the reportable entity partner requirements that are contrary to existing code definitions is highly questionable. Those arbitrary definitions seem to overstep the traditional interpretive role of rules and regulations and delve into the legislative arena.
University Course Scheduling System (UCSS): a UML application with database and visual programming

Course scheduling of universities is a large, complex, and time-consuming task. Along the time line of each classroom slots must be able to be allocated to instructors and their classes of different departments without violating any predefined rules. This paper describes the use of UML (Unified Modeling Language) in a course scheduling system which is designed to assist users to solve this resource-constrained timetabling problem. The system is written in Visual Basic .NET and SQL Server 2000 and is successfully deployed to support two schools' course scheduling tasks in Arkansas Tech University.
Hand-Schüller-Christian disease with involvement of the dental pulp

Abstract A case of Hand-Schuller-Christian disease with involvement of the dental pulp has been presented. The patient is now being followed on an outpatient basis, and 15 months following the last surgical procedure no further deterioration in the oral condition has been seen.
Production of gamma -rays in the Crab nebula pulsar.

The γ-ray flux at energies above 50 MeV from NP 0532 is evaluated for a pulsar model in which the optical and X radiations are produced by the synchrotron effect. Synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton scattering are considered as production mechanisms of the γ-rays. The theoretical estimates are compared with the experimental values.
Successful alignment following multiple surgeries in a child with severe esotropia and a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder

Aim: To report the alignment, visual outcome and surgical strategy for severe bilateral congenital esotropia caused by a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder (CCDD). This was successfully treated with a combination of interventions that included alternate occlusion, botulinum toxin, and conventional and augmented transposition procedures. Methods: A girl presented at 2 months of age with a marked esotropia and severe bilateral impairment of abduction of both eyes, and an inability to fix with either eye in the primary position. Her investigation and treatment are described. Results: The patient initially underwent alternate daily occlusion to prevent the development of amblyopia, followed by simultaneous bilateral medial rectus (MR) botulinum toxin and large bilateral MR recessions based on pre-operative forced duction testing (FDT). This operation was performed at 1 year of age with the aim of releasing the tight MR and reducing the esotropia. After initial improvement, the impairment of abduction gradually increased over the next month. She subsequently underwent sequential inferior oblique myectomy and augmented transposition procedures, which enabled her to fix in the primary position with either eye and with a small-angle esotropia. Conclusion: Substantial improvement in the alignment of the eyes in a child with a complex congenital esotropia secondary to a CCDD is achievable.
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction of mixed-layer illite/smectite; experimental results

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron diffraction experiments have been performed on R1 and R> 1 illite/smectite (I/S) samples that from X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) experiments appear to contain well-ordered layer sequences. The HRTEM images confirmed earlier computer image simulations, which suggested that periodicities due to I/S ordering can be imaged in TEM instruments of moderate resolution. The experiments also confirmed that in instruments of this sort, the strongest contrast arising from the compositional difference between I and S layers occurs under rather unusual imaging conditions of strong oveffocus. Some selected-area electron diffraction (SAD) patterns showed additional diffraction spots consistent with R1 and R3 ordering. SAD patterns and cross-fringes arising in HRTEM images from non-00l reciprocal lattice rows indicated that the stacking vectors of most adjacent 2:1 layers were not randomly oriented with respect to each other. Thus, the I/S was not fully turbostratic, but instead consisted of very thin, coherently stacked crystallites that extended across the fundamental particles postulated by Nadeau and coworkers. S/(I + S) ratios were determined for about seventy HRTEM images obtained and interpreted by three different TEM operators. These ratios were consistent with those obtained from standard XRD procedures, suggesting that results obtained by XRD can be used to infer the initial structural state of mixed-layer I/S prior to treatment of samples for XRD experiments. The HRTEM experiments thus demonstrated that the two specimens examined consisted of ordered I/S existing as small crystals, most of which contained more layers than the fundamental particles of Nadeau and coworkers. The non-turbostratic stacking suggests an energetic interaction between the individual fundamental particles, leading to at least two alternative thermodynamic descriptions of these materials. Although the I/S crystals in the present experiments probably were disaggregated into fundamental particles during sample preparation for XRD, the I/S crystals appear to have separated only along the smectite interlayers. If the term “fundamental particle” is to be used for primary, untreated I/S, its original definition should be modified to include not only free particles, but also those that occur as layers within small crystals. It further should be recognized that these particles can interact thermodynamically and crystallographically with their neighbors.
Roles of calcium and the endothelium in the relaxations produced by 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA).

Abstract The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the endothelium dependency in the relaxations by the adenosine analog, 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), and the requirement for extracellular calcium in endothelium-dependent and independent relaxations. In prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)-contracted bovine coronary arteries with intact endothelium, bradykinin produced relaxations in calcium medium but not in calcium-free medium. Removal of the endothelium abolished the relaxing response to bradykinin. In calcium medium, NECA produced similar relaxations in coronary arteries with intact and mechanically disrupted endothelium. The relaxation-response curves for NECA were shifted to the right in parallel in calcium free medium. Sodium nitroprusside produced concentration-dependent relaxations which were endothelium-independent. Removal of calcium from the bathing medium caused partial but significant attenuation of these relaxations. The results indicated that in bovine coronary artery, relaxations induced by NECA were endothelium-independent. Also bradykinin-induced relaxations are totally dependent on calcium whereas the endothelium-independent relaxing agents such as NECA and sodium nitroprusside require calcium only partially for their relaxations.
Investigating Ultrasound-Induced Acoustic Softening of Aluminum 6061

Blaha and Langenecker are the first to document the phenomena known as “acoustic softening”: a significant reduction of static stress in tensile tests when applying longitudinal ultrasonic waves to various metals. Based on experimental observations, they hypothesized that acoustic heating due to internal friction and energy activation at dislocations was responsible for this temporary weakening of the material. Later research studies investigating the acoustic softening process used different experimental setups leading to alternative theories of the softening process such as superposition of static and dynamic stress. The variation in the design of the experiments leads to significant differences in observations, causing differing interpretations of the results and the formation of competing theories. We reviewed previous experimental studies and found that the optimum setup is similar to Blaha’s and Langenecker’s. Their setup minimizes noise factors such as friction at the oscillator specimen interface, which could contribute to heating and stress reduction. Therefore, we present our experimental setup composed of an MTS tensile test machine and a Branson ultrasonic welder to study the softening of aluminum 6061 and discuss our own results and how they compare with those in the literature. Additionally, we investigate the applicability of competing theories of softening based on our experimental data.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Assessment of CMIP5 Model Simulations of the North American Monsoon System

AbstractPrecipitation, geopotential height, and wind fields from 21 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are examined to determine how well this generation of general circulation models represents the North American monsoon system (NAMS). Results show no improvement since CMIP3 in the magnitude (root-mean-square error and bias) of the mean annual cycle of monthly precipitation over a core monsoon domain, but improvement in the phasing of the seasonal cycle in precipitation is notable. Monsoon onset is early for most models but is clearly visible in daily climatological precipitation, whereas monsoon retreat is highly variable and unclear in daily climatological precipitation. Models that best capture large-scale circulation patterns at a low level usually have realistic representations of the NAMS, but even the best models poorly represent monsoon retreat. Difficulty in reproducing monsoon retreat results from an inaccurate representation of gradients in low-level geopo...
A Fresh Look at the Postpartum Period: New Mother's Needs During the First Months at Home

Childbearing Poster Presentation Princeton, NJ) that recognizes the intention to deliver or induce electively at less than 39 weeks gestation and requests written justification. Second, structured quarterly performance reviews using While to mention PeriBirth once, as the tool used in the study; PeriBirth is owned by PeriGen, and additional mentions becomes promotion. Intelligent medical record reports on rates of elective induction or cesarean at less than 39 weeks gestation and other related topics. In addition, some participating institutions had formal objectives to reduce the rate of elective births at less than 39 weeks gestation, others did not. Electronic birth records were examined for elective inductions at less than 39 weeks gestation, all inductions at less than 39 weeks gestation, primary cesareans, and 5-minute Apgar scores.
The impact of real-time data communication on inventory management

Abstract Many current and future distribution systems cannot tolerate data capture delays found in periodic batch processing and reporting of inventory quantities, their locations and movement. The increased inventory accuracy and timeliness of real-time data permits the whole spectrum of activities of suppliers, sales and distribution personnel and customers to be performed with confidence and improved profitability. One method of real-time data collection is via bar-coding, scanning and two-way radio frequency (RF) transmission. This provides a “wireless connector” to the host computer no matter what type of items are being manufactured and/or distributed. RF systems integrate the technologies of automatic identification systems (AIS), bar-coding, automatic data capture (ADC) and enhance electronic data interchange (EDI) and quick response (QR) systems. Together with other subsystems, manufacturing and distribution firms are better able to control inventory operations and compete more effectively in servicing domestic and international customers.
Developing Professionalism in Business School Undergraduates

The authors explore the importance of developing professional behavior among business students and introduce a program designed to incentivize professionalism during undergraduate study. The Professionalism Recognition Program was established to promote, recognize, rate, and reward the students’ professional conduct in a flexible and widely applicable way. The authors describe key aspects of the program's formulation and implementation, noting the resources and constituencies involved as well as considerations for development of similar programs elsewhere. The lessons learned may help others successfully enhance their own efforts to improve the professionalism of students and build strategic distinction for their colleges of business.
XANES study of 3d oxides: Dependence on crystal structure

Abstract XANES measurements are reported for a number of transition metal oxides. Oxide phases, in which the transition element could be widely varied (within the 3d series) while preserving the crystal structure, were systematically examined. The materials examined include monoxides, perovskites, zircons and spinels. For those samples of a given oxide phase, the near edge spectra are nearly identical but spectra for different phases are dissimilar. These observations are consistent with the simplest view of the x-ray absorption process, namely that dipole selection rules are obeyed and spectral features predominately result from transitions between the K shell and empty states with p-character.
An analysis of geophysical experiments to test Newton's law of gravity

Signals reported as evidence for a non-newtonian 'fifth' force at a North Carolina television tower and elsewhere can be explained in a conventional way by postulating small density variations underground. The assumptions employed in earlier analyses which pointed to a failure of the inverse square law are examined and found to be difficult to justify.
HOMOGENEITY OF MODELS OF TRANSPORT MODE CHOICE: THE DIMENSIONS OF TRIP LENGTH AND JOURNEY PURPOSE

This paper reports the development of disaggregate, behavioral models of transport mode choice along two new dimensions. The scope of disaggregate modeling is extended to an intercity context and the range of journey purposes is broadened to include social/recreational and business travel, as well as the journey to/from work. The intercity models developed should be viewed in the context of recent trends in demand modeling. Instead of arbitrarily selecting a mode as a base on the grounds that in term of speed, or cost, or comfort, the approach advocated in this paper examines the choice actually made by the traveler. The results reported lead to the conclusion that doubts as to the homogeneity of the transport mode choice decision are fully justified. This paper has investigated mode choice behavior stratified along two dimensions, journey purpose and trip length, and the analysis clearly demonstrates that the same mode choice process is not reflected in each case.
Reissert compound chemistry. XXVI. The syntheses of bis‐benzylisoquinolines

The condensation of the anion of isoquinoline Reissert compounds with diaryl ethers is reported. These condensation products are converted into analogues of bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids.
Using FISH to increase the yield and accuracy of karyotypes from spontaneous abortion specimens.

Objective Cytogenetic analysis of spontaneous abortions is frequently complicated by culture failure and maternal cell contamination. The objective of the study is to demonstrate that multiplex FISH can increase the yield and accuracy of karyotypes from spontaneous abortion specimens.
Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970

Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970. Sumathi Ramaswamy Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. xxii + 303 pp., figures, notes, bibliography, index.