cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term use of sedative and hypnotic medication.

tive and hypnotic medications is often longer than that reported in the database regarding safety that is provided to the FDA. For this reason, longer clinical trials are important to establish long-term clinical safety. Postmarketing data can provide information regarding long-term safety. However, postmarketing reports to the FDA about adverse experience do not reflect the exposure of the public to the compound. That is, the numerator but not the denominator of the rate of occurrence of the adverse experiences is provided. Postmarketing data are important to suggest the occurrence of adverse experiences not observed during clinical trials, but such data cannot give the true prevalence of the adverse event. Perhaps a core issue involving the prescription of sedative and hypnotic medications is whether sleep disorders are true medical conditions. Our society has a negative perspective toward the long-term use of sleeping medications. Indeed, these medications are often subject to abuse by patients. The public and medical concerns about their prescription is that they might be used for recreational rather than medical use. Thus, it would seem important to identify not only the characteristics of the medications used to treat sleep disorders but also the specific indications for their short-term and longterm prescriptive use.
Delimitation of the Le2dav Complementary Lethality System of Gossypium to Intracellular Interaction

Necrose hybride et letalite chez le coton causee par les interactions de Le 2 dev avec Le 1 et Le 2 , etudie par phenotype des euploides de Gossypium hirsutum et de G. barbadense en fonction de leur genotype aux loci Le 1 et Le 2 dans des graines chimeres
Modulation of preimplantation embryonic development by antisense oligonucleotides to major histocompatibility complex genes.

The Ped (preimplantation embryo development) gene, which controls the rate of mouse preimplantation embryonic cleavage division and subsequent survival of the embryo, maps to the Q region of the MHC (major histocompatibility complex). Mouse embryos were treated with antisense oligonucleotides to mRNA for the Q region genes Q7/Q9, each of which encodes the Qa2 antigen. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to show that antisense treatment, but not sense treatment, decreased the level of mRNA for Qa-2 antigen in preimplantation embryos. Furthermore, both the expression of Qa-2 protein and the rate of embryonic cleavage division were decreased by treatment with antisense but not sense oligonucleotides. These results provide direct evidence that the Ped gene phenotype is at least partially encoded by the Q7/Q9 genes. It is likely that the mouse Ped gene has a human homolog, perhaps within HLA-F. Identification of genes-such as the Ped genethat affect survival of the embryo may be vitally important for the enhancement of animal and human reproductive success.
Connecting Classroom, Clinic, and Context: Clinical Reasoning Strategies for Clinical Instructors and Academic Faculty.

Background:Clinical reasoning is an essential skill in pediatric physical therapist (PT) practice. As such, explicit instruction in clinical reasoning should be emphasized in PT education.Key Points:This article provides academic faculty and clinical instructors with an overview of strategies to dev
Technical factors affecting 123I-FP-CIT presynaptic dopamine transporter (DaT) SPECT studies

1852 Objectives 123I-FP-CIT DaT SPECT scans are performed to distinguish Parkinsonism (P) from essential tremor. While the manufacturer recommends visual analysis of scans reconstructed by filtered backprojection (FB), some investigators recommend using striatal-to-background count ratios for scans reconstructed by OSEM (Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013;40:565-73). Use of ratios could be compromised if background & striatal counts both decline together with increasing severity of P. Our study was conducted to determine whether background & striatal counts are correlated, & if so, whether this affects agreement of quantitation with visual analysis. Methods Data were examined retrospectively for 50 pts with movement disorders who underwent DaT SPECT. Data were reconstructed by FB & by OSEM followed by attenuation correction. Images were read independently by an experienced nuclear physician, who graded likelihood of P from 0-4 (“definitely not P”-“definitely P”). Results Background correlated with caudate & putamen counts by FB (r = 0.77, p Conclusions Despite decrease in background counts as striatal counts decrease, the striatal-to-background count ratio is an effective quantitative parameter mirroring visual impression of likelihood of Parkinsonism.
CURRENT THINKING: ON TRANSATLANTIC VICTORIANISM

A FEW YEARS AGO, OUT of scholarly as well as pedagogical interest, I happened to be looking through two recent anthologies on the nebulous-sounding subject of “transatlantic literature.” I was teaching a new course on transatlanticism and was particularly curious to discover how these texts represented the period that is the focus of this journal and the one to which at least a few of its readers are attached. In both cases, I was struck by the degree to which “the Victorian” – the era, people, frame of mind, even the word itself – was either subsumed within Romanticism or absent. In Transatlantic Romanticism: An Anthology of British, American, and Canadian Literature, 1767–1867, edited by Lance Newman, Joel Pace, and Chris Koenig-Woodyard, the subtitle alone incorporated half of the Victorian era, even while the contents omitted virtually all of the Victorians we would expect to represent that half. That anthology as well as the other, Susan Manning and Andrew Taylor’s Transatlantic Literary Studies: A Reader, included glossaries of salient terms for transatlantic inquiry, and while “Enlightenment,” “Peterloo,” “Romantics,” and “sublime” appeared there, “Victorian,” not to mention “Great Exhibition,” “natural selection,” and “utilitarianism,” did not. This experience left me wondering, on the one hand, why so minimal a presence for Victorianism, the answers to which question would be partly speculative and constitute the subject of another article altogether, and on the other, what forms a Victorian transatlanticism would take. This brings me to the four books under review in this essay. While only one of them identifies, via its title, as wholly and solely a Victorian study, all four contribute to a greater understanding of what the directions and concerns of transatlantic Victorianist studies might be. To say that I came away from these books newly informed about relations among Britain, North America, and the Caribbean, principally in the nineteenth century but earlier and later as well, would be an understatement. For all of their differences in focus and approach, it is notable that each book examines to greater and lesser extents Victorian conceptions of race and ethnicity. Indeed, they make clear, to those for whom it was not already, the absolute centrality of racial ideology as a shaping force in the Victorian world. I will discuss these books in approximate order of temporal reach, though I will focus on the sections in each that are most relevant to Victorianists. To begin, then, Vanessa D. Dickerson’s Dark Victorians concerns itself with “how African Americans and British
Optical Transmittance of Thin Films of SrFeO2.5+x at Elevated Temperatures and Applications to Gas Sensing

Non-stoichiometric perovskites with the general formula SrFeO2.5+x have potential in oxygen sensing applications. Thin films of these compositions have been grown onto various substrates by pulsed laser deposition techniques. At elevated temperatures, (T > 550K), the films react rapidly and reversibly with oxygen and the bulk oxygen content, x, of the films changes. Accompanying the change in oxygen stoichiometry are significant changes in the optical transmittance and reflectance of the films. Transmission spectrophotometry in the uv-vis region has been used to determine the relationship of transmittance with oxygen composition in the gas phase. Spectrophotometry data have been obtained by a batch method and also in-situ in a flow cell at T= 690K. The data show a large variation in transmittance, exceeding 103 for the batch measurements, with SrFeO3 showing the highest opacity. The design of the flow cell is also described.
Multiscale Estimation of Intrinsic Dimensionality of Data Sets

We present a novel approach for estimating the intrinsic dimensionality of certain point clouds: we assume that the points are sampled from a manifold M of dimension k , with k << D, and corrupted by D -dimensional noise. When M is linear, one may analyze this situation by SVD: with no noise one would obtain a rank k matrix, and noise may be treated as a perturbation of the covariance matrix. When M is a nonlinear manifold, global SVD may dramatically overestimate the intrinsic dimensionality. We introduce a multiscale version SVD and discuss how one can extract estimators for the intrinsic dimensionality that are highly robust to noise, while require a smaller sample size than current estimators.
Localized Amyloidosis of the Urethra: Diagnostic Implications and Management

Localized amyloidosis of the urethra is a rare pathological entity that may resemble neoplastic disease. Biopsy is required to make the appropriate diagnosis. Although localized therapy is available for obstructing, symptomatic lesions, asymptomatic lesions may be followed with conservative management and spontaneous regression has been reported. In addition, an appropriate medical evaluation should be performed to determine the presence of systemic amyloidosis.
Effects of Eltoprazine Hydrochloride on Predatory Behavior in Rats

Treatment of rats with the potent antiaggressive compound eltoprazine hydrochloride (1.0 & 2.0 mg/kg) slowed both predatory attack and killing of frogs. These results demonstrate a specific predation-inhibiting action of the drug which is not obscured by the elements of conspecific aggression seen during muricide. Unlike the closely related compound fluprazine, eltoprazine increased both attack and kill latencies implying that the effects of the two drugs on predation are mediated by at least somewhat distinct drug actions. It is further suggested that eltoprazine may be more specifically antiaggressive in its actions than related phenylpiperazine compounds.
Relationship between pore size and reversible and irreversible immobilization of ionic liquid electrolytes in porous carbon under applied electric potential

Transport of electrolytes in nanoporous carbon-based electrodes largely defines the function and performance of energy storage devices. Using molecular dynamics simulation and quasielastic neutron scattering, we investigate the microscopic dynamics of a prototypical ionic liquid electrolyte, [emim][Tf2N], under applied electric potential in carbon materials with 6.7 nm and 1.5 nm pores. The simulations demonstrate the formation of dense layers of counter-ions near the charged surfaces, which is reversible when the polarity is reversed. In the experiment, the ions immobilized near the surface manifest themselves in the elastic scattering signal. The experimentally observed ion immobilization near the wall is fully reversible as a function of the applied electric potential in the 6.7 nm, but not in the 1.5 nm nanopores. In the latter case, remarkably, the first application of the electric potential leads to apparently irreversible immobilization of cations or anions, depending on the polarity, near the carb...
The hunt for coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering with ionization argon detectors

Coherent scattering of neutrinos on nuclei is a well-known prediction of the Standard Model that has so far eluded all experimental attempts to detect it. The enhancement in the cross-section due to the coherence nature of the interaction makes this process interesting for the construction of high-rate, kg-size detectors for monitoring of nuclear reactors. Dual-phase noble-gas detectors are the prime technology for detection of the small recoil energy produced in the neutrino coherent scattering. We are pursuing a three-phased approach to build a compact 10kg dual-phase Argon ionization detector to attempt a first-ever measurement of coherent neutrino scattering at a power reactor. We will present here an overview and current status of the program pursued at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Investigating strategies for improving plane wave vascular elastography

Plane-wave (PW) imaging achieves narrow lateral beam width using boxcar apodization but at the expense of high side-lobes, which degrade the performance of vascular elastography. The goal of this study was to investigate various imaging techniques for improving the performance of PW imaging. More specifically, we evaluated the quality of elastograms produced with: (1) fixed apodization beamforming (FAB) using modified hyperbolic sine (sinh) functions; and (2) minimum variance beamforming (MVB). The profile of sinh functions can be easily manipulated using single parameter (β) and for the case β=1, this function closely resembles spheroidal wave functions that have been shown to produce lowest side-lobes. For MVB, we performed subarray averaging to obtain well-conditioned covariance matrix for inversion. Simulated plaques were discernible in all elastograms, but MVB elastograms were marginally better than those produced with FAB. Specifically, sinh (β=1.5) and MVB (L=56) produced elastograms with elastographic contrast-to-noise ratios of 2.35 dB and 3.07 dB, respectively.
Patterns of Treatment Failure in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer with a high mortality rate. Current guidelines support surgery for resectable ATC followed by external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with or without chemotherapy. Treatment for those who are unresectable is palliative. Our goal was to examine first-line therapies as well as the role of genomic profiling in an effort better understand how to approach ATC. Methods: This is a retrospective study of ATC patients who were seen at our institution from January 2013 to October 2015. Median overall survival (OS) and time to treatment failure (TTF) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Fifty-four patients were included. Median age at diagnosis was 63 years and 29/54 (54%) were women. The majority had stage IVC disease at diagnosis (50%), followed by IVB (32%), and IVA (18%). Approximately 93% had somatic gene testing. Initial treatment was surgery in 23 patients, EBRT with or without radiosensitizing chemotherapy in...
Identifying Best Practices for and Utilities of the Pharmacy Curriculum Outcome Assessment Examination

Objective. A review was conducted to determine implementation strategies, utilities, score interpretation, and limitations of the Pharmacy Curriculum Outcome Assessment (PCOA) examination. Methods. Articles were identified through the PubMed and American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases using the following terms: "Pharmacy Curriculum Outcomes Assessment," "pharmacy comprehensive examination," and "curricular assessment." Studies containing information regarding implementation, utility, and predictive values for US student pharmacists, curricula, and/or PGY1/PGY2 residents were included. Publications from the Academic Medicine Journal, the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (ACCP) were included for background information and comparison of predictive utilities of comprehensive examinations in medicine. Results. Ten PCOA and nine residency-related publications were identified. Based on published information, the PCOA may be best used as an additional tool to identify knowledge gaps for third-year student pharmacists. Conclusion. Administering the PCOA to students after they have completed their didactic coursework may yield scores that reflect student knowledge. Predictive utility regarding the North American Pharmacy Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) and potential applications is limited, and more research is required to determine ways to use the PCOA.
Negative studies shape the state of sickle trait.

In this issue of Blood, 2 important studies by Liem et al and Bello et al take advantage of robust phenotypic and genotypic data from well-established cohorts to demonstrate that sickle cell trait (SCT) is not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders.1,2
Hygroscopicity of Organic Compounds as a Function of Carbon Chain Length and Carboxyl, Hydroperoxy, and Carbonyl Functional Groups

The albedo and microphysical properties of clouds are controlled in part by the hygroscopicity of particles serving as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Hygroscopicity of complex organic mixtures in the atmosphere varies widely and remains challenging to predict. Here we present new measurements characterizing the CCN activity of pure compounds in which carbon chain length and the numbers of hydroperoxy, carboxyl, and carbonyl functional groups were systematically varied to establish the contributions of these groups to organic aerosol apparent hygroscopicity. Apparent hygroscopicity decreased with carbon chain length and increased with polar functional groups in the order carboxyl > hydroperoxy > carbonyl. Activation diameters at different supersaturations deviated from the -3/2 slope in log-log space predicted by Kohler theory, suggesting that water solubility limits CCN activity of particles composed of weakly functionalized organic compounds. Results are compared to a functional group contribution model that predicts CCN activity of organic compounds. The model performed well for most compounds but underpredicted the CCN activity of hydroperoxy groups. New best-fit hydroperoxy group/water interaction parameters were derived from the available CCN data. These results may help improve estimates of the CCN activity of ambient organic aerosols from composition data.
Immune Reconstitution After Cord Blood Transplantation

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a valuable alternative source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for patients in need of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), who lack suitable human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched adult donors. Compared to peripherally mobilized or bone marrow, HSPC units from unrelated adult donors, UCB grafts have the advantage of immediate availability, absence of risk to the donors and lower immunogenicity, which allows for a greater degree of HLA incompatibility. However, UCB grafts contain a lower number of nucleated cells and mostly naive T cells that do not transfer protective T-cell memory, resulting in delayed engraftment and immune reconstitution, especially in the early posttransplant period. As a result, control of viral infections remains a challenge, and patients undergoing UCB transplantation (UCBT) are at increased risk for infectious complications and mortality. In this chapter, we will review the unique characteristics of UCB grafts, the factors that account for the pattern and kinetics of immune reconstitution after UCBT, and the significance of the adaptive immune system recovery for long-term outcomes in adult recipients of UCBT.
Thermal Degradation Rate of 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol to Cyclic 4,4-Dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one; Mechanistic Aspects and Kinetics Investigation

Using initial rate data, the mechanistic investigation for the thermal degradation kinetics of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) to 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one (DMOZD) as a function of amine and CO2 concentration in the solution was performed. Activation energies of different reaction steps in introduced mechanisms imply that the reaction between AMP and CO2 to produce carbamate will happen close to equilibrium conditions, while the carbamate will tends to revert back to initial amine rather than convert to the DMOZD at lower temperatures. Investigation of different forms of reaction pathways and various reaction orders for reactants including AMP and CO2 demonstrates that the actual reaction mechanism is complex. The closest and simplest mechanism to fit the experimental data provides noninteger reaction order with respect to AMP and CO2 concentration in the rate equation, which indicated more complexity of the reaction mechanism. Through the degradation rate data, the activation energy and reactio...
Fighting a War in Space: The Case for a Space Innovation Force

Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) is gearing up to face the challenge of a contested, degraded space environment that may degenerate into a full-on battleground. The U.S. space enterprise needs to be...
Regional effects of sodium aspartate and sodium glutamate on protein synthesis in the retina

Isolated retinas from Xenopus laevis tadpoles or juvenile frogs were incubated in Ringer's bicarbonate-glucose medium in which sodium chloride was replaced with equimolar amounts of either sodium aspartate (NaAsp) or sodium glutamate (NaGlu). At all concentrations tested (0.1 to 50 mM), both acidic amino acids caused a dramatic decrease in the incorporation of 3H-leucine into proteins in the inner retina. Higher concentrations of these acids (50 mM) caused an increase in the incorporation of the label by photoreceptors. Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis of whole retinal proteins showed a selective increase in incorporation of the label into rhodopsin, a protein unique to rod photoreceptor cells. Quantitative autoradiographic and biochemical studies showed that NaAsp had no effect on the uptake of 3H-leucine by the retinal cells, suggesting that the effect is directly on protein synthesis. When retinas were removed from NaAsp treatment, protein synthetic capacity recovered. and the degree of recovery was related to the concentration of NaAsp in the preincubation medium. These studies demonstrate that acidic amino acids in concentration utilized in electrophysiologic studies to isolate the photoreceptor generated a-wave of the electroretinogram also have a profound effect on retinal protein synthesis. Whether these two actions are related remains to be determined.
Multiple atrial tachycardias after orthotopic heart transplantation: A case report and literature review

Atrial tachycardia (AT) after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) can be complex, occurring in the recipient as well as in the donor atria. Catheter ablation of these multiple ATs is challenging because of the complexity of atrial scar substrates. This case report demonstrates the merit of using a novel multipolar high-density mini-basket mapping catheter for fast, high-resolution mapping of 3 different ATs occurring in both atria of the orthotopic transplant heart.
A water-soluble polysaccharide from the roots of Eremurus spectabilis M. B. subsp. spectabilis: Extraction, purification and structural features.

Abstract A heteropolysaccharide ESP, was separated from a water extract of dried roots of Eremurus spectabilis by column chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephadex G-100. Specific optical rotation, molecular mass and total carbohydrate content of ESP were −36.3°, 43.8 kDa and 97.2%, respectively. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that ESP consisted of glucose and mannose at a molar ratio of 1.0:2.9. Structural characterization of ESP was done by various chemical and instrumental techniques (methylation, partial acid hydrolysis, Smith degradation, periodate oxidation, GLC-MS and 1D/2D NMR). The repeating unit of ESP was determined as following: Download : Download high-res image (67KB) Download : Download full-size image
Understanding the Usage and Familiarity of Home Network Terminology Using Open Card Sorting Analysis

Research around computer networks has been rapidly expanding as the Internet becomes more prevalent in day-to-day life. Despite this rapid expansion in academic interest, computer networks, especially home networks, remain a challenge for inexperienced users to configure and maintain. To remedy this, new data needs to be collected to understand this new audience as computer networks move from academic/institutional to residential settings. This study examines the terminology that homeowners prefer when discussing bandwidth and connectivity issues on their home networks. We generated a list of common terms from web forums and user interviews and had participants classify these terms using an open card sort to determine their effectiveness. Our initial results indicate that participants were more likely to misclassify bandwidth-related and technical terms. This study demonstrates the importance of designing home networks to better meet the needs and diverse expertise levels of users.
Performance comparison of four commercially available cytometers using fluorescent, polystyrene, submicron-scale beads.

Accurate comparison of flow cytometric data requires an understanding of how the cytometric fingerprint of a sample may vary from instrument to instrument. Key sources of variability include the number, wavelengths, and power of excitation lasers; the number and types of emission detectors; sample-handling systems and options; and whether fixed or dynamic detector voltages are used. To explore this variability, suspensions of three sizes (0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 μm-diameter) of solid, fluorescent, polystyrene beads were prepared. The suspensions were then run on four flow cytometers, keeping instrument settings as consistent as possible. The results are displayed graphically in Figure 3 of the article "Flow cytometry applications in water treatment, distribution, and reuse: A review" (DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.016) [1]. This dataset contains the complete FCS files generated from the experimental comparison. In the development and application of flow cytometry to water quality assessment, we recommend data sharing in this manner to enable comprehensive reporting, meaningful comparison of results obtained using different cytometer models, enhanced exploration of data along multiple parameters, and use of acquired data for computational advancements in the field.
Green’s Function Method for Calculation of Stress Fields in Composite Materials

A Green’s function method is described for calculating the displacement and the stress fields in an elastic composite solid. The Green’s function is obtained by solving the equations of elastic equilibrium (Christoffel’s equation) for a delta function force with prescribed boundary conditions. The Green’s function then gives the solution of the Christoffel’s equation for any integrable force distribution. The solution gives the displacement field from which the stress field is calculated- The discontinuities or defects in the solid are represented by appropriate boundary conditions. The method is illustrated by applying it to a composite solid containing a plane interface and a (45/-45) fiber-reinforced composite having a free surface normal to the interface.
Ian Fletcher and the Internationalist Principle

As Ian Fletcher put it in his outstanding treatise on international insolvency: “The increased awareness in recent times of the negative consequences of [the] international fragmentation of policy and approach to cross-border insolvency issues has fueled the quest for improved solutions.” No one has contributed more to that goal. This paper discusses the difficulty created by the Rubin decision in which the English Supreme Court declined to enforce an American bankruptcy judgment for recovery of money. It proposes an approach that would distinguish reorganization judgments and permit them to be recognized. The theoretical basis would be the in rem nature of bankruptcy as to discharge as well as to title to property.
The prejudice habit-breaking intervention: An empowerment-based confrontation approach

Abstract Although individual-level bias confrontations have received considerable empirical attention, most group-based training confrontations (e.g., “diversity trainings”) are neither evidence-based nor rigorously assessed. In this chapter, we discuss the prejudice habit-breaking intervention, which is evidence-based like individual-level approaches, but, like group-based trainings, is not focused on responding to a particular instance of bias in the moment. Specifically, this training intervention helps egalitarian people to become (1) aware of, (2) concerned about, and (3) motivated to address their vulnerability to unintentional biases. The intervention teaches people that unintentional biases are like bad habits that can be overcome through sustained effort over time and provides evidence-based strategies to reduce unintentional biases. Across several randomized-controlled studies, the prejudice habit-breaking intervention has shown considerable promise for empowering people to address biases within themselves and in the world around them, with long-lasting effects.
3D Kinematic Gait Analysis for Preclinical Studies in Rodents

The utility of three-dimensional (3D) kinematic motion analysis systems is limited in rodents. Part of the reason for this inadequacy is the use of complex algorithms and mathematical modeling that accompany 3D data collection and analysis procedures. This work provides a simple, user-friendly, step-by-step detailed methodology for 3D kinematic gait analysis during treadmill locomotion in healthy and neurotraumatic rats using a six-camera motion capture system. Also provided are details on 1) calibration of the system in an experimental set-up customized for quadrupedal locomotion, 2) data collection for treadmill locomotion in adult rats using markers positioned on all four limbs, 3) options available for video tracking and processing, and 4) basic 3D kinematic data generation and visualization and quantification of data using the built-in data collection software. Finally, it is suggested that the utility of this motion capture system be expanded to studying a variety of motor behaviors before and after neurotrauma.
Respiratory and Hemodynamic Changes in Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy during and after Whole-Body Hypothermia

Objective This study aimed to determine the degree to which whole-body hypothermia (WBH) impacts hemodynamic and respiratory status during hypothermia and the subsequent rewarming period in neonates with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Study Design This is a retrospective study reviewing the medical records of infants treated with WBH. Data including oxygenation index (OI), ventilator efficiency index (VEI), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), blood lactate level, heart rate (HR), and mean blood pressure (MBP) were collected from defined time points from the beginning, middle, and end of WBH and then every 2 hours from the beginning of rewarming for 14 hours thereafter. The analysis included 65 infants. Data were analyzed using a piecewise linear regression with a mixed-effect model. Results HR decreased during WBH and significantly increased during rewarming. Lactate level, OI, VEI, FiO2, and MBP all decreased during WBH but showed no significant change during and after rewarming. Conclusion There was a decrease in metabolic demand as measured by oxygen requirement, OI, HR, and MBP during WBH, but only HR increased during rewarming, with no significant change in the other parameters. Some of this effect may be explained by improvement in the respiratory condition over time.
High-Spin Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers

Optoelectronic technologies based on organic semiconductors (OSCs) have witnessed a dramatic increase in recent decades, with impressive demonstrations of new functionality, devices, and commercial applications, largely based on donor-acceptor conjugated polymers (DA CPs). Open-shell and high-spin configurations bring new notions of spin manipulation, magnetism, quantum properties and interrelated optoelectronic functionalities at the forefront of research efforts in diverse fields. Although extensively studied, the intrinsic instability of these electronic configurations complicates synthesis and precludes an understanding of how fundamental properties manifest in practical applications. To this end, we have implemented new macromolecular design paradigms and strategies to control orbital topology such that very low bandgap DA CPs were synthesized in order to yield open-shell species in singlet (S = 0) and triplet (S = 1) spin states. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry (SQUID) studies are critical to provide insight into ground state of these system and in the exploration of new phenomena derived from electron correlation in related materials.
Integrin Antibody Decreases Deformability of Patient‐Derived Pre‐B Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells as Measured by High‐Frequency Acoustic Tweezers

Objectives This article reports a study of cell mechanics in patient-derived (primary) B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cells treated with antibodies against integrins. Leukemia cell adhesion to stromal cells mediates chemotherapeutic drug resistance, also known as cell adhesion-mediated chemotherapeutic drug resistance. We have previously shown that antibodies against integrin α4 and α6 adhesion molecules can de-adhere ALL cells from stromal cells or counter-receptors. Because drug-resistant cells are more deformable, as evaluated by single-beam acoustic tweezers, we hypothesized that changes in cell mechanics might contribute to the de-adhesive effect of integrin-targeting antibodies. Methods In this study, the deformability of primary pre-B ALL cells was evaluated by single-beam acoustic tweezers after treatments with the de-adhering antibody Tysabri or P5G10 against integrin α4 and α6 adhesion molecules. Results We demonstrated that primary ALL cells treated with P5G10 expressed decreased deformability compared with immunoglobulin G1 -treated control cells (P .05). Conclusions These results suggest that decreased deformability is associated with an integrin α6 blockade. Further assessments of the functional roles of deformability and integrin blockades in B-ALL cell drug resistance and deformability, respectively, are necessary.
Deep Learning and Open Set Malware Classification: A Survey.

As the Internet is growing rapidly these years, the variant of malicious software, which often referred to as malware, has become one of the major and serious threats to Internet users. The dramatic increase of malware has led to a research area of not only using cutting edge machine learning techniques classify malware into their known families, moreover, recognize the unknown ones, which can be related to Open Set Recognition (OSR) problem in machine learning. Recent machine learning works have shed light on Open Set Recognition (OSR) from different scenarios. Under the situation of missing unknown training samples, the OSR system should not only correctly classify the known classes, but also recognize the unknown class. This survey provides an overview of different deep learning techniques, a discussion of OSR and graph representation solutions and an introduction of malware classification systems.
High-speed photographic study of vaporclouds from wet droplets and the subsequent solid particles in an inductively coupled plasma

Movies of an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) while nebulizing a concentrated sample of yttrium were recorded using a high-speed camera with short exposure time (10 μs) and fast framing rate (5000 frames per s). Clouds from large droplets can be seen in several successive frames as they travel downstream in the axial channel of the ICP. These droplet clouds are superimposed on the usual spatial structure of red YO, neutral Y atom and blue Y+ emission. As a particular large droplet moves downstream, its red emission cloud evolves into a faint white streak with a surrounding cloud of blue Y+ emission. The streak is attributed to a solid residue from the droplet. The velocity of the droplet and subsequent particle is measured to be 28 m s−1. The general characteristics of the droplet and particle clouds agree well with previous photographic measurements and those by other methods such as laser induced-fluorescence or scattering.
The survival benefit of low molecular weight heparin over unfractionated heparin in pediatric trauma patients

INTRODUCTION Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in pediatric patients is controversial and is mainly dependent on protocols derived from adult practices. Our study aimed to compare outcomes among pediatric trauma patients who received low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) compared to those who received unfractionated heparin (UFH). METHODS We performed 2 years (2015-2016) retrospective analysis of the Pediatrics ACS-TQIP database. Pediatric trauma patients (age ≤17) who received thromboprophylaxis with either LMWH or UFH were included. Patients were stratified into three age groups. Analysis of each subgroup and the entire cohort was performed. Outcome measures included VTE events (deep vein thrombosis [DVT] and pulmonary embolism [PE]), hospital and ICU length of stay (LOS) among survivors, and mortality. Propensity score matching was used to match the two cohorts LMWH vs UFH. RESULTS A matched cohort of 1,678 pediatric trauma patients was analyzed. A significant difference in survival, DVT events, and in-hospital LOS was seen in the age groups above 9 years. Overall, the patients who received LMWH had lower mortality (1.4% vs 3.6%, p<0.01), DVT (1.7% vs 3.7%, p<0.01), and hospital LOS among survivors (7 days vs 9 days, p<0.01) compared to those who received UFH. There was no significant difference in the ICU LOS among survivors and the incidence of PE between the two groups. CONCLUSION LMWH is associated with increased survival, lower rates of DVT, and decreased hospital LOS compared to UFH among pediatric trauma patients age 10-17 years. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III Prophylactic. STUDY TYPE Prophylactic.
Race, Place, and Context: The Persistence of Race Effects in Traffic Stop Outcomes in the Face of Situational, Demographic, and Political Controls

Evidence that racial minorities are targeted for searches during police traffic stops is widespread, but observed differences in outcomes following a traffic stop between white drivers and people of color could potentially be due to factors correlated with driver race. Using a unique dataset recording over 5 million traffic stops from 90 municipal police departments, we control for and evaluate alternative explanations for why a driver may be searched. These include: (1) the context of the stop itself, (2) the characteristics of the police department including the race of the police chief, and (3) demographic and racial composition of the municipality within which the stop occurs. We find that the driver's race remains a robust predictor: black male drivers are consistently subjected to more intensive police scrutiny than white drivers. Additionally, we find that all drivers are less likely to be subject to highly discretionary searches if the police chief is black. Together, these findings indicate that race matters in multiple and varied ways for policing outcomes.
From Golden to Xuzhou: Teaching a graduate student workshop in China

In late spring 2019, eight staff members from the Colorado School of Mines (Mines) Arthur Lakes Library, in Golden, Colorado, visited the China University of Mining and Technology (CUMT) in Xuzhou, China. The trip was intended to develop a relationship between the two libraries and foster future partnerships. The visit, which centered around the Symposium on Mines-CUMT Library Collaboration, included presentations by Mines and CUMT staff, museum visits, cultural activities, and a full-day workshop for early career researchers.
Heuristic Computation Offloading Algorithms for Mobile Users in Fog Computing

The investigation in this article makes the following important contributions to combinatorial optimization of computation offloading in fog computing. First, we rigorously define the two problems of optimal computation offloading with energy constraint and optimal computation offloading with time constraint. We do this in such a way that between execution time and energy consumption, we can fix one and minimize the other. We prove that our optimization problems are NP-hard, even for very special cases. Second, we develop a unique and effective approach for solving the proposed combinatorial optimization problems, namely, a two-stage method. In the first stage, we generate a computation offloading strategy. In the second stage, we decide the computation speed and the communication speeds. This method is applicable to both optimization problems. Third, we use a simple yet efficient greedy method to produce a computation offloading strategy by taking all aspects into consideration, including the properties of the communication channels, the power consumption models of computation and communication, the tasks already assigned and allocated, and the characteristics of the current task being considered. Fourth, we experimentally evaluate the performance of our heuristic algorithms. We observe that while various heuristics do exhibit noticeably different performance, there can be a single and simple heuristic that can perform very well. Furthermore, the method of compound algorithm can be applied to obtain slightly improved performance. Fifth, we emphasize that our problems and algorithms can be easily extended to study combined performance and cost optimization (such as cost–performance ratio and weighted cost-performance sum optimization) and to accommodate more realistic and complicated fog computing environments (such as preloaded mobile edge servers and multiple users) with little extra effort. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no similar study in the existing fog computing literature.
Diabetic Retinopathy Stage Classification

Diabetic Retinopathy is the disease of the retina caused by long-standing diabetes leading to damage of the retina and can even lead to blindness. Diabetic Retinopathy stage classification deals with different stages of diabetes and has been considered as the most important step in the analysis of the disease. Diagnosis of the disease manually requires skilled individuals to identify distinct features, which is a difficult and time-consuming task. In this paper, a deep learning-based CNN model for diagnosing is presented. Digital color fundus images are used. In this work, we have implemented an InceptionV3 model with an attention mechanism. The motive behind using attention mechanism was that the model should pay more attention to the relevant portion of the image. This work will enable a user to test their eyes and can be easily identified in which stage of diabetes they are suffering. All the images were divided into five groups. In the proposed work, the CNN model (InceptionV3) was trained for producing a model for predicting on validation samples. Categorical accuracy of 60.82% is achieved with a Top 2 accuracy of 82.16.
Consensus conference on heart‐kidney transplantation

Simultaneous heart-kidney transplant (sHK) has enabled the successful transplantation of patients with end-stage heart disease and concomitant kidney disease, with non-inferior outcomes to heart transplant (HT) alone. The decision for sHK is challenged by difficulties in differentiating those patients with a significant component of reversible kidney injury due to cardiorenal syndrome who may recover kidney function after HT, from those with intrinsic advanced kidney disease who would benefit most from sHK. A consensus conference on sHK took place on June 1, 2019 in Boston, Massachusetts. The conference represented a collaborative effort by experts in cardiothoracic and kidney transplantation from centers across the United States to explore the development of guidelines for the interdisciplinary criteria for kidney transplantation in the sHK candidate, to evaluate the current allocation of kidneys to follow the heart for sHK, and to recommend standardized care for the management of sHK recipients. The conference served as a forum to unify criteria between the different specialties and to forge a pathway for patients who may need dual organ transplantation. Due to the continuing shortage of available donor organs, ethical problems related to multi-organ transplantation were also debated. The findings and consensus statements are presented.
Glider-Based Estimates of Meso-Zooplankton Biomass Density: A Fisheries Case Study on Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) Around the Northern Antarctic Peninsula

We compare estimates of krill density derived from gliders to those from contemporaneous and previous ship-based surveys. Our comparisons cover several temporal and spatial scales within two strata around the northern Antarctic Peninsula (off Cape Shirreff on the north side of Livingston Island and in the Bransfield Strait). Our objective is to explore the feasibility of using gliders to supplement or replace vessel-based surveys of fishery resources. We deployed two long-duration Slocum G3 gliders manufactured by Teledyne Webb Research, each equipped with a suite of oceanographic sensors and a three-frequency (38, 67.5, and 125 kHz, each single-beam) Acoustic Zooplankton Fish Profiler. We used the acoustic data collected by these gliders to estimate biomass densities (g∙m -2) of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The two gliders were respectively deployed for 82 and 88 days from mid-December 2018 through mid-March 2019. Off Cape Shirreff, glider-based densities estimated from two repeat small-scale surveys during mid-December and January were 110.6 and 55.7 g∙m-2, respectively. In Bransfield Strait, the glider-based estimate of biomass density was 106.7 g∙m -2 during December-January. Contemporaneous ship-based estimates of biomass density, from a multi-ship broad-scale krill survey (Macaulay et al. 2019) restricted to the areas sampled by the gliders, were 84.6 g∙m -2 off Cape Shirreff and 79.7 g∙m -2 in Bransfield Strait during January. We compared two alternative krill-delineation algorithms (dB differencing and SHAPES); differences between biomass densities estimated by applying these algorithms were small and ranged between 4 and 7%. Alternative methods of sampling krill length-frequency distributions (nets or predator diets), which are required to convert acoustic energy to biomass density, also influenced the glider–based results. In Bransfield Strait, net-based estimates of biomass density were 6% less than those based on predator diets. Off Cape Sherriff the biomass density of krill estimated from a net-based length-frequency distribution was 20% greater than that based on predator diets. Development of a variance estimator for glider-based biomass surveys is ongoing, but our results demonstrate that fisheries surveys using acoustically-equipped gliders are feasible, can provide density estimates to inform management, and may be conducted at lower cost than ship surveys in some cases.