cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring Information Technology Capability Of Export-focused Small Or Medium Sized Enterprises In China: Scale Development And Validation

This article addresses the conceptual and measurement issues related to the study of information technology capability (ITC) in small to medium businesses that focus on exports. We review the concept of ITC and its components and report on the construction and psychometric assessment of a measure of ITC. We develop a multi-dimensional scale showing strong evidence of reliability and validity in samples from export- focused SMEs based in mainland China. Finally, we demonstrate nomological validity by examining the relationship between ITC and export-focused SMEsâ€™ performance.
Exploring satisfaction in business-to-business services: a path-analytic approach

In this article, we propose a path-analytic approach to model the relationships among overall satisfaction, satisfaction with higher order performance domains and the lower order performance attributes for business-to-business services. The model is estimated using data from the business customers of a large provider of electronics products and services. Our results show that overall satisfaction in such contexts may be driven by satisfaction on multiple higher order performance domains and the relevant lower order performance attributes may not drive satisfaction. An adoption of our modeling approach can help service providers make resource allocation decisions across performance domains and identify the micro-level performance levers that they can pull to manage satisfaction levels of their business clients.
The Formation and Positioning of the New Culture Community, 1913-1917:

late 1910s and early 1920s, but surprisingly little has been said about the way that movement came into being. Indeed, it is customary to date the beginning of the New Culture Movement from Chen Duxiu's September 1915 founding of Youth Magazine (Qingnian zazhi) and then to pass quickly to that periodical's more mature phase several years later without paying serious attention to its journalistic antecedents or the way its personnel came together (Chow, 1978: 42-48; Grieder, 1981: 203-7; Schwarcz, 1986: 34-38). This disproportionate focus on the high point of the New Culture Movement as opposed to its origins and development has resulted in a body of scholarship rich with insights on the culturally and intellectually iconoclastic aspects of the movement but poor with regard to its political roots. As I will argue below, however, the two cannot be separated; the focus on culture that characterized the New Culture Movement at its height was arrived at through and fundamentally informed by a serious engagement with politics in the last decade of the Quing dynasty and during the period between the second revolution of 1913 and the beginning stages of Cai Yuanpei's tenure as chancellor of Beijing University. In this article, I focus on the process by which many of the most important future leaders of the New Culture Movement came together as a community of like-minded thinkers in the mid-1910s, as well as
An approach for estimating the permeation of phosphonofluoridates into a high polymer matrix part 1. Development of the approach

An approach has been developed to estimate the solubility and diffusivity of toxic phosphonofluoridates in high molecular weight polymeric matrices based upon experimentation with nontoxic simulants. This approach is based on Gee's relation for estimating solubility (equilibrium swelling) from knowledge of the solubility parameters for the polymer and the simulant liquids concerned and on Van Krevelen's relation between diffusivity and activation energy of diffusion. The latter is interpolated from a standard plot of activation energy of diffusion against penetrant molar volume. Equilibrium swelling values and diffusivities for toxic alkyl phosphonofluoridates in styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) were estimated from results of swelling measurements (as a function of time and at three different temperatures) involving the two polymers and a series of nontoxic liquids, similar to the toxic alkyl phosphonofluoridates.
Interaction of water-soluble Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(III) porphyrins with polynucleotides

Abstract The interaction of the Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(III) complexes of the following six water-soluble cationic porphyrins with calf thymus DNA, poly(dG-dC) 2 and poly(dA-dT) 2 was studied by UV-visible and resonance Raman spectroscopy: tetrakis(2-N-) and (3-N-methylpyridyl) porphyrin ( 1 , 2 ); monophenyltris(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin ( 4 ); cis- and trans-diphenyl-bis (4-N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin ( 5 , 6 ). The binding to nucleic acids was compared with that of tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin ( 3 ). If the N + -CH 3 group is moved from the para ( 3 ) to the meta position ( 2 ), binding of the free porphyrin as well as that of the metal complexes is only gradually modified; thus, the square-planar Cu- and Ni- 2 are intercalated at the G-C site whereas Co- 2 is groove-bound at A-T. Additionally, Ni- 2 is probably also intercalated at the A-T site. When the N + -CH 3 group is located at ortho position ( 1 ), the high rotation barrier of the 2-N-methylpyridyl group prevents intercalation of Cu- and Ni- 1 , resulting in weak outside binding. At ionic strength μ = 0.2, there is no evidence of significant interaction of Co- 1 with any of the polynucleotides. When the charged N-methylpyridyl groups in 3 are subsequently replaced by phenyl groups ( 4 , 5/6 ), the tendency of the Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes to bind to the outside of the helix or to intercalate only partially increases at the expense of full intercalation. The coulombic attraction remains strong, no significant differences can be detected between 3 , 4 , 5 , and 6 . Ni- 4 binds to poly(dA-dT) 2 in the same complicated manner as Ni- 3 . The outside-binding in Co- 4 , - 5 and - 6 differs slightly from that in Co- 2 and Co- 3 .
Transport of gases in unmodified and arylbrominated 2,6-dimethyl- 1,4-poly (phenylene oxide)

Abstract Independent solubility and permeability data, measured at 35°C at up to 26 atm, are reported to show the influence of aryl-bromination on the transport of CO2, CH4, and N2 in 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO). The permeability of PPO was found to vary with the extent of bromination, and the magnitude of change depends on the nature of the gas. The apparent solubility coefficients of all three gases at 20 atm in the polymer increased with the extent of bromination, and the percentage of increase was higher for the gas with lower condensability. The concentration-averaged diffusivities of CO2 and CH4 also showed some variation with the extent of bromination. In particular, there was a notable increase in the diffusivity of CO2 but a slight decrease in that of CH4 when the extent of bromination was increased to 91%. The gas-transport data were also analyzed according to the dual-mode model. The dual-mode parameters exhibit similar dependence on the extent of bromination as the apparent solubility coefficient and concentration-averaged diffusivity do. These observations are interpreted in terms of changes in the average packing, torsional mobility of the chain segments, and cohesive energy density of the polymer.
Air Pollution and Vegetation Damage Functions

The primary objective of this paper is to review critically the current state of research in the field of air pollution and its effect on vegetation and to derive, through existing data and documentation, a set of integrated economic damage functions of air pollution on various kinds of vegetation, for the purpose of prediction.Economic damage functions of vegetation were estimated via a stepwise least-squares regression method by relating economic losses of a variety of crops to air pollution and climatological variables. The crops and agricultural products selected included corn grain, soybean, cotton, root vegetables, other vegetables, nursery products, flowers, trees, field crops, and fruit and nuts.By utilizing the ‘average’ economic damage functions derived in this study, the changes in crop losses brought about by changes in the pollution or climatological variables can be predicted.
p53-induced growth arrest is regulated by the mitochondrial SirT3 deacetylase.

A hallmark of p53 function is to regulate a transcriptional program in response to extracellular and intracellular stress that directs cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and cellular senescence. Independent of the role of p53 in the nucleus, some of the anti-proliferative functions of p53 reside within the mitochondria [1]. p53 can arrest cell growth in response to mitochondrial p53 in an EJ bladder carcinoma cell environment that is naive of p53 function until induced to express p53 [2]. TP53 can independently partition with endogenous nuclear and mitochondrial proteins consistent with the ability of p53 to enact senescence. In order to address the role of p53 in navigating cellular senescence through the mitochondria, we identified SirT3 to rescue EJ/p53 cells from induced p53-mediated growth arrest. Human SirT3 function appears coupled with p53 early during the initiation of p53 expression in the mitochondria by biochemical and cellular localization analysis. Our evidence suggests that SirT3 partially abrogates p53 activity to enact growth arrest and senescence. Additionally, we identified the chaperone protein BAG-2 in averting SirT3 targeting of p53 -mediated senescence. These studies identify a complex relationship between p53, SirT3, and chaperoning factor BAG-2 that may link the salvaging and quality assurance of the p53 protein for control of cellular fate independent of transcriptional activity.
Atmospheric science: Extreme La Niña events to increase

How climate change will impact the natural phenomenon La Nina, the counterpart of El Nino, has been unclear. In spite of uncertainty, now a study shows a large model consensus for an increasing frequency of extreme La Nina events.
The expression of heterochromatin protein 1α/β in the kidney tumors: a microarray immunohistochemical study

Kidney tumors of various types may behave differently and have different prognosis. Due to some overlapping morphological features and immunohistochemical staining pattern, they may pose diagnostic challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to explore additional immunohistochemical stains to help in subclassifying these epithelial neoplasms. Tissue microarrays of 20 cases each of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) of clear cell, chromophobe, and papillary variants and oncocytoma were constructed and used to test the heterochromatin-associated protein (HP) 1α/β expression. HP-1α/β showed strong nuclear staining. Expression of HP-1α/β was found mostly in papillary RCC (79%) and oncocytoma (75%) but less in chromophobe (30%) and clear cell RCCs (35%). HP-1α/β may be useful in the differential diagnosis of renal tumors, especially in the differentiation of chromophobe RCC and oncocytoma.
Radiohistochemical demonstration of NMDA/glycine-channel activation in rat hippocampus.

Etude de la fixation de TCP tritie (1-[thienyl]cyclohexylpiperidine) sur des coupes de cerveau de rat. Influence de la presence de N-methyl-D-aspartate, de glycine ou de l'association N-methyl-D-aspartate et glycine, sur cette fixation
Neurosurgical interventions for neuropsychiatric syndromes.

Psychosurgical procedures have been used for the treatment of intractable mental illness for more than 50 years. With improvements in surgical techniques, including new implantable stimulators, advances in functional neuroimaging, and progress in our fundamental understanding of the pathophysiology of mental illness there is a renewed interest in neurosurgical treatment of refractory psychiatric illness. This article will review the history of psychosurgery and recent developments in surgical techniques and implantable devices used in this context. The results of psychosurgery for the treatment of several psychiatric conditions and neuropsychiatric symptoms will be presented, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette’s syndrome, depression, anxiety, aggression, self-injurious behavior, and schizophrenia. Lastly, a perspective on the current and future role of psychosurgery for the treatment of mental illnesses will be discussed.
The determinants of international knowledge diffusion as measured by patent citations

Abstract This paper uses patent citations to measure international diffusion of technological knowledge. It finds that diffusion is enhanced by physical and technological proximity and by sharing a common language. While FDI is positively associated with diffusion, trade facilitates diffusion only when countries' inventions are similarly distributed across technical fields.
Psychoneuroimmunology and psychosomatic medicine: back to the future.

Objective: Although psychological modulation of immune function is now a well-established phenomenon, much of the relevant literature has been published within the last decade. This article speculates on future directions for psychoneuroimmunology research, after reviewing the history of the field. Methods: This review focuses on human psychoneuroimmunology studies published since 1939, particularly those that have appeared in Psychosomatic Medicine. Studies were clustered according to key themes, including stressor duration and characteristics (laboratory stressors, time-limited naturalistic stressors, or chronic stress), as well as the influences of psychopathology, personality, and interpersonal relationships; the responsiveness of the immune system to behavioral interventions is also addressed. Additionally, we describe trends in populations studied and the changing nature of immunological assessments. The final section focuses on health outcomes and future directions for the field. Results: There are now sufficient data to conclude that immune modulation by psychosocial stressors or interventions can lead to actual health changes, with the strongest direct evidence to date in infectious disease and wound healing. Furthermore, recent medical literature has highlighted a spectrum of diseases whose onset and course may be influenced by proinflammatory cytokines, from cardiovascular disease to frailty and functional decline; proinflammatory cytokine production can be directly stimulated by negative emotions and stressful experiences and indirectly stimulated by chronic or recurring infections. Accordingly, distress-related immune dysregulation may be one core mechanism behind a diverse set of health risks associated with negative emotions. Conclusions: We suggest that psychoneuroimmunology may have broad implications for the basic biological sciences and medicine. CRP C-reactive protein; DTH delayed-type hypersensitivity; EBV Epstein-Barr virus; HLA human leukocyte antigen; HSV herpes simplex virus; Ig immunoglobulin; IL interleukin; NK natural killer; PHA phytohemagglutinin; PNI psychoneuroimmunology; PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder.
Structures and Stabilities of Endo- and Exohedral Dodecahedrane Complexes (X@C20H20 and XC20H20, X = H+, H, N, P, C-, Si-, O+, S+)

B3LYP/6-31G* computations predict the relative energies and stabilities of the endohedral (X@C20H20) and exohedral (XC20H20) dodecahedrane complexes (X = H+, H, N, P, C-, Si-, O+, S+). H+ does not ...
An adaptive hierarchical sparse grid collocation algorithm for the solution of stochastic differential equations

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in analyzing and quantifying the effects of random inputs in the solution of ordinary/partial differential equations. To this end, the spectral stochastic finite element method (SSFEM) is the most popular method due to its fast convergence rate. Recently, the stochastic sparse grid collocation method has emerged as an attractive alternative to SSFEM. It approximates the solution in the stochastic space using Lagrange polynomial interpolation. The collocation method requires only repetitive calls to an existing deterministic solver, similar to the Monte Carlo method. However, both the SSFEM and current sparse grid collocation methods utilize global polynomials in the stochastic space. Thus when there are steep gradients or finite discontinuities in the stochastic space, these methods converge very slowly or even fail to converge. In this paper, we develop an adaptive sparse grid collocation strategy using piecewise multi-linear hierarchical basis functions. Hierarchical surplus is used as an error indicator to automatically detect the discontinuity region in the stochastic space and adaptively refine the collocation points in this region. Numerical examples, especially for problems related to long-term integration and stochastic discontinuity, are presented. Comparisons with Monte Carlo and multi-element based random domain decomposition methods are also given to show the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccines

Objective:TO review the pharmacology, efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacoeconomics of Cervarix and Gardasil, 2 human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines.Data Sources:English-language articles were obtained by MEDLINE search (1966–February 2006) using the key words human papillomavirus vaccine, Cervarix, and Gardasil. Bibliographies of selected articles were used to identify additional sources.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All available published articles or abstracts reporting the results of human studies of HPV vaccines were reviewed for inclusion in this article. Additional information about ongoing clinical trials was obtained from manufacturers' Web sites.Data Synthesis:Cervarix and Gardasil are recombinant vaccines against HPV. Cervarix targets HPV-16 and -18, which are responsible for 70% of cervical cancers. Gardasil also targets HPV-16 and -18, plus the HPV-6 and -11 types responsible for more than 80% of genital warts. Both vaccines have been effective in preventing persistent infection ...
Waist Circumference: a Useful Index in Clinical Care and Health Promotion

Recent research illustrates that waist circumference may have certain advantages over other measurements of adiposity in predicting risk of obesity-related diseases. Further studies are necessary to determine whether waist circumference is a better predictor of risk than body mass index.
Evidence that a low-fat diet reduces the occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer

The effect of a low-fat diet on occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer was examined in a 2-year dietary intervention trial. A total of 101 skin-cancer patients were randomized either to a control group that consumed, on average, 38% of caloric intake as fat, and in which no changes in dietary habits were introduced, or to a low-fat dietary-intervention group, in which patients were instructed to limit their calories from fat to 20% of total caloric intake. Patients were examined at 4-month intervals by dermatologists blinded to their dietary assignments. Nutrient analyses, conducted at each of the 4-month follow-up visits, indicated that the % calories of fat consumed in the intervention group had been reduced to 21% at 4 months and remained below this level throughout the 2-year period. There were no significant differences in total calories consumed, or in mean body weights, between the control and the intervention groups. Nor were there significant group differences in P/S ratios until month 24. Numbers of new skin cancers treated at each examination were analyzed in 8-month periods of the 2-year study. Comparisons of skin-cancer occurrences revealed no significant changes in the control group from baseline values. However, cancer occurrence in the low-fat intervention group declined after the first 8-month period and reached statistical significance by the last 8-month period. Patients in this group had significantly fewer cancers in the last 8-month period than did patients in the control group. In addition, there was a significant reduction in the number of patients developing skin cancer in the last 8-month period, as compared with the first 8-month period, within the low-fat intervention group. There were no significant changes in the control group. These data indicate that a low-fat diet can significantly reduce occurrence of a highly prevalent form of cancer.
Homogeneous anionic polymerization. II. Molecular weight of polystyrene initiated by lithium alkyls

A study has been carried out on the molecular weights and their distribution for polystyrene prepared by means of ethyl and butyl lithium initiators, using benzene and tetrahydrofuran as solvents. Stringent high vacuum techniques were employed in order to minimize any destruction of initiator or termination of growing chains in these anionic polymerizations. Under these conditions, it was found that the stoichiometry corresponded to the formation of one chain from each initiator molecule. Furthermore, the molecular weight distribution could be made very narrow (Mw/Mn = 1.05 – 1.1) in these cases, where the initiation reaction was very rapid compared to the propagation step. In the case of the benzene systems, the initiation reaction was too slow, leading to a broadening of the molecular weight distribution, and this could be circumvented by a “seeding” technique whereby all the chain anions were pre-initiated before the main polymerization took place. The alkyl lithium initiators were found to react rapidly with THF at room temperature, but the styryl lithium apparently did not.
The hydraulic jump in circular jet impingement and in other thin liquid films

The circular hydraulic jump exhibits behavior quite different from that commonly observed in planar jumps. Here we examine experimentally some of the causes and consequences of those differences. We suggest that surface tension plays a dominant role in establishing the shape of the circular jump for impinging jets. The importance of surface tension is a direct result of the thinness of the liquid films normally encountered in circular jump configurations. A sequence of instabilities appears in the jump's structure as the subcritical liquid film becomes thicker and surface tension effects decrease. These conclusions are corroborated by experiments on thin planar films which result in unusual jump structures, like those seen in circular jumps. In addition, we show that the standard momentum balance for the circular jump is effective only at relatively low supercritical Froude numbers or at low ratios of downstream to upstream depth. Typical values of those parameters for circular jumps are often quite large relative to the usual values for planar open-channel flows.
The Primate Embryo Gene Expression Resource: A Novel Resource to Facilitate Rapid Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns in Non-Human Primate Oocytes and Preimplantation Stage Embryos

Detailed molecular studies of preimplantation stage development in a suitable nonhuman primate model organism have been inhibited due to the cost and scarcity of embryos. To circumvent these limitations, we have created a new resource for the research community, designated as the Primate Embryo Gene Expression Resource (PREGER). The PREGER sample collection currently contains over 160 informative samples of oocytes, obtained from various sized antral follicles, and embryos obtained through a variety of different protocols. The PREGER makes it possible to undertake quantitative gene-expression studies in rhesus monkey oocytes and embryos through simple and cost-effective hybridization-based methods. The PREGER also makes available other molecular tools to facilitate nonhuman primate embryology. We used PREGER here to compare the temporal expression patterns of five housekeeping mRNAs and three transcription factor mRNAs between mouse and rhesus monkey. We observed noticeable differences in temporal expression patterns between species for some mRNAs, but clear similarities for others. Our results also provide new information related to genome activation and the effects of embryo culture conditions on gene expression in primate embryos. These results provide one illustration of how the PREGER can be employed to obtain novel insight into primate embryogenesis.
Enhanced cell therapy strategy to treat chronic limb-threatening ischemia

Intermittent programmed compression of the chronically ischemic limb is associated with arteriogenesis. However, progenitor cell elements contributing to this neovascularization are typically diminished in number and function in the elderly dysvascular patient, particularly in the presence of diabetes, renal insufficiency, and cardiac disease. Granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF) dramatically boosts the circulating progenitor cell count. G-CSF was administered in 2 patients being treated for ischemic wounds with an intermittent programmed pneumatic compression device (PPCD). Both had comorbidities associated with diminished circulating progenitor cell counts. Remarkable clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic improvement was observed. Further study of this synergistic strategy is warranted.
The nutritional value of poultry offal meal in chick diets.

Abstract Poultry offal and feathers are usually processed separately in the rendering industry to produce poultry by-product meal (PBPM), hydrolyzed poultry feathers (HPF), and poultry fat. The nutritional value of these materials for poultry and swine has been well established (Wilder et al., 1955; Lillie et al., 1955; Fuller, 1956; Naber et al., 1961). Since they are in a large part incorporated into poultry diets, it was logical to question the economy of producing separate products in the first place. Methods have been devised whereby poultry offal and feathers can be processed together in natural proportions, yielding a product having the proximate composition represented by a mixture of PBPM 45%, HPF 40%, and poultry fat 15%. The meal, poultry offal meal (POM), has the physical characteristics which make it satisfactory for mixing into poultry diets. An experiment was conducted to determine the nutritional value of POM by comparing it with separately …
Inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 increases response to gemcitabine and delays progression of pancreatic cancer

Background Among the solid tumors, human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the worst prognosis. Gemcitabine is the standard first line of therapy for pancreatic cancer but has limited efficacy due to inherent or rapid development of resistance and combining EGFR inhibitors with this regimen results in only a modest clinical benefit. The goal of this study was to identify molecular targets that are activated during gemcitabine therapy alone or in combination with an EGFR inhibitor.
A structural model for high-modulus polyethylene derived from entanglement concepts

Starting from the concept that the entanglement network is a controlling factor in polymer deformation, a molecularly based model has been constructed for polyethylene, drawn or extruded to high extension ratios λ. It predicts the experimentally observed form of the increase of Young's modulus E with λ: E−1 = B + Cλ−2. The model structure consists of imperfect crystalline microfibrils 10-30 nm in diameter and length αλ2, about 1 μm at λ = 30. The microfibrils terminate at clusters of entanglements, and are embedded in a matrix of low modulus. This structure is very similar to that derived from solution-grown shish-kebab material. Available melting-point data for highly extended material fit the structural model well.
Imaging characteristics of “dynamic” versus “static” spondylolisthesis: analysis using magnetic resonance imaging and flexion/extension films

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Traditionally, the ‘‘dynamic’’ and ‘‘static’’ types of spondylolisthesis have been lumped into a single group in the literature. The goal of this study was to define the radiographic characteristics of ‘‘dynamic’’ and ‘‘static’’ spondylolisthesis with the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and flexion/extension radiographs. PURPOSE: Describe the characteristic findings present on MRI and flexion/extension radiographs that are associated with dynamic versus static spondylolisthesis. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective radiographic/imaging study. METHODS: From 2009 to 2011, patients who underwent elective primary posterior spinal fusion forthediagnosisof spondylolisthesishadtheir plainfilmsassessed forthedegreeof spondylolisthesis and were designated ‘‘dynamic’’ or ‘‘static,’’ as defined by historical measures. Axial and sagittal T2 MRIs were evaluated for associated facet fluid (FF), facet cysts, interspinous fluid (ISF), and facet hypertrophy. These finding were then statistically evaluated for associations between dynamic and static spondylolisthesis on flexion/extension radiographs and characteristic MRI findings. RESULTS: Ninety patients were included in the study with 114 levels examined for spondylolisthesis. Patients with greater than 3 mm of instability on flexion/extension films were more likely to have FF (p5.018) and ISF (p!.001). Of the patients who had a greater than 3 mm of instability, 39.5% did not demonstrate spondylolisthesis on the sagittal MRI reconstruction. If ISF was present on MRI, there was a positive predictive value of 69.0% that there would be greater than 3 mm instability on flexion/extension films. Absence of FF on MRI had a positive predictive value of 75.6% for instability less than 3 mm on flexion/extension films. In the presence of ISF on MRI, the likelihood ratio of finding more than 3 mm of instability on flexion/extension films was 3.68. The presence of FF on MRI had a likelihood ratio of 1.43 for instability. A total of 36.8% of all spondylolisthesis reduced when supine on MRI. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of FF and/or ISF is associated with instability greater than 3 mm
Fast Nondestructive Read, Slow Write Memory Device Using Thick Magnetic Films

A device is proposed for providing an ultra high speed read, but comparatively slow write, memory device. The device has certain similarities to other proposed devices, but the mode of operation and performance is quite new and makes use of effects which are normally avoided or minimized in usual memory devices. The storage element is a thick-film bias magnet with a coercive force smaller than its self-demagnetizing field and is tightly coupled to a second anisotropic thick film which serves as the sensing or reading device. The array conductors are all external to the coupled structure (i.e., no conductors lie between the films) thereby simplifying fabrication. A modified coincident current technique is used to write the information into the bias film. A stored ``1'' is obtained by setting the bias film and hence the read film into a demagnetized state. A read current applied to the word line will cause rotation of the magnetic moments of the read film toward its hard axis, thus inducing a signal in the sense line. A stored ``0'' is obtained by saturating the bias film, which in turn saturates the read film in its hard direction and thus prevents any signal from being induced in the sense line during reading. The modes of operation and design parameters are presented as well as a number of measurements. The results thus far have shown that there are no fundamental barriers to overcome.
Adolescent nutritional status in developing countries.

In the last 10 years interest in adolescence has increased worldwide. Much of the attention has been on adolescent health in particular adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV infection but adolescent nutrition has aroused little interest. 11 studies on nutritional status of boys and girls have recently been conducted in Benin Cameroon Ecuador India Jamaica Mexico Nepal Guatemala and the Philippines. The studies differed in protocol sample size and data collection methods. Anemia was the most important nutritional problem. Anemia prevalence was high in 4 studies (55% in India 42% in Nepal 32% in Cameroon 48% in Guatemala) and significant in 2 others (17% in Ecuador and 16% in Jamaica). Slow growth was common in 9 studies (27-65%). Height in girls as well as in boys did not improve during the entire 8 years of adolescence. It approached the fifth percentile at age 10 and at age 18. Low body mass index (BMI) was high (23-53%) in only 3 studies. It was surprising that boys had a BMI 2 times lower than that of girls relative to sex-specific data. With the difference in growth in height BMI increased substantially throughout the 8 years of adolescence among all girls for both low BMI or satisfactory BMI at age 10 but only for low BMI among boys age 10. At age 18 the median BMI for girls and boys was well below the fifth percentile. However in 3 countries where the median BMI at age 10 was low the boys did not reach the 50th percentile and were still growing while girls had reached the 50th percentile and stopped growing. These results suggest that the iron status of adolescents needs to be improved but it is necessary to be cautious when improving height when the BMI is adequate for age 18.
Lymantria dispar iflavirus 1 (LdIV1), a new model to study iflaviral persistence in lepidopterans.

The cell line IPLB-LD-652Y, derived from the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.), is routinely used to study interactions between viruses and insect hosts. Here we report the full genome sequence and biological characteristics of a small RNA virus, designated Lymantria dispar iflavirus 1 (LdIV1), that was discovered to persistently infect IPLB-LD-652Y. LdIV1 belongs to the genus Iflavirus. LdIV1 formed icosahedral particles of approx. 30 nm in diameter and contained a 10 044 nt polyadenylated, positive-sense RNA genome encoding a predicted polyprotein of 2980 aa. LdIV1 was induced by a viral suppressor of RNA silencing, suggesting that acute infection is restricted by RNA interference (RNAi). We detected LdIV1 in all tested tissues of gypsy-moth larvae and adults, but the virus was absent from other L. dispar-derived cell lines. We confirmed LdIV1 infectivity in two of these cell lines (IPLB-LD-652 and IPLB-LdFB). Our results provide a novel system to explore persistent infections in lepidopterans and a new model for the study of iflaviruses, a rapidly expanding group of viruses, many of which covertly infect their hosts.
Pulsed Magnetic Field Modulation of Lsa Tumors in Mice

To determine whether the same pulsed magnetic fields used to stimulate bone healing in recalcitrant fractures would alter the course of malignant tumor development, we have undertaken these studies in mice with LSA lymphoma. LSA is a virulent ascites tumor with a TD50 of 2 cells, producing death in 7.5 days. C57BL mice were placed in a pulsing electromagnetic field after inoculation with the tumor, and after inoculation with the tumor plus injection with 5 mg/kg BCNU, a potent chemotherapeutic agent. Mice were examined at the time of death. The fields potentiated the effects of BCNU in some respects, and inhibited the effects in others. By themselves, the fields did not increase survival time, but did considerably reduce the size of the spleen, and its infiltration by tumor cells. The fields also reduced the involvement of the liver and lymph nodes of affected animals.
Preserving news apps present huge challenges

Currently the digital archives of newspapers are not archiving news apps, the interactive database-driven, multimedia projects. Because of the multiple elements required to access a news app, conversion of the dynamic news app into static HTML pages is one possible avenue for future archiving.
Recent Progress in Photovoltaic/Electrochemical Energy System Application

Texas Instruments has developed a unique approach to solar energy utilization, combining the energy conversion and storage functions in a novel way.
Desmoplastic Fibroma of Bone

Desmoplastic Fibroma of Bone: REPORT OF TWO CASES PHILIP COHEN;RAPHAEL GOLDENBERG; The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery
Analytical Solution for BGA Modules Under Thermal/Mechanical Loading

This paper presents an advanced approach to obtain analytical solutions for BGA-type package or module under both thermal loading and mechanical bending. The theoretical framework is based on two-dimensional theory of plate pure bending. Solder joint shear strain distribution has been derived analytically. Specifically, the joint strain has been correlated with measured board strain. The approach developed and analytical solutions obtained are very useful for rapid component qualification in terms of solder joint reliability.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Erosive burning theory for propellants with extended flame zones

P r o p e l l a n t s c o n t a i n i n g l a r g e amounts of n i t r a 'F' mines expe r i ence bu rn ing rate i n c r e a s e s under rocket motor c ros s f low c o n d i t i o n s . Such p r o p e l l a n t s have C r e l a t i v e l y l o w bu rn ing rates and t h i c k flame zones, which make them s u s c e p t i b l e t o v e l o c i t y coup l ing . h A s i m p l i f i e d theo ry i s advanced. p o s t u l a t i n g two thermodynamic coup l ing c r i t e r i a between t h e coref low h and t h e extended gaseous flame zone. C a l c u l a t e d r e s u l t s r e v e a l t ha t coup l ing between the core and t h e fa r f i e l d i n t h e f lame, which i n v o l v e s on ly a J f e w p e r c e n t un reac tedness , may r e s u l t i n a p p r e c i a b l e bu rn ing r a t e mod i f i ca t ion . Increases of p r e s s u r e m and p o r t d i ame te r t end t o d e c r e a s e t h e e x t e n t of bu rn ing r a t e enhancement and increase t h e t h r e s h o l d N mass f l u x i n t h e core. I n c r e a s i n g a x i a l l e n g t h has t h e o p p o s i t e e f f e c t . d
On Estimating Mid-Air Collision Risk

Many aviation safety studies involve estimating near mid-air collision (NMAC) rate. In the past, it has been assumed that the probability that an NMAC leads to a mid-air collision is 0.1, but there has not yet been a comprehensive study to serve as a basis for this estimate. This paper explains how to use existing encounter models, a ight simulation framework, three-dimensional aircraft wireframe models, and surveillance data to estimate mid-air collision risk. The results show that 0.1 is an overly conservative estimate and that the true rate is likely to be an order of magnitude lower.
Developing a measure of engagement with telehealth systems: The mHealth Technology Engagement Index:

Introduction Telehealth systems and mobile health (mHealth) devices allow for the exchange of both physical and mental healthcare data, as well as information from a patient to a practitioner, or care recipient to caregiver; but there has been little research on why users are motivated to engage with telehealth systems. Given this, we sought to create a measure that satisfactorily assesses human motivation to use telehealth devices. Methods 532 survey responses were used in an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, which tested and retested the feasibility of this new measure. Convergent and divergent validity analyses indicated that the mHealth Technology Engagement Index (mTEI) is a unique measure of motivation. Results The results indicated that autonomy, competence, relatedness, goal attainment, and goal setting underpin motivation to use telehealth systems. Discussion The mTEI shows promise in indexing human motivation to use telehealth technologies. We also discuss the importance of developing measurement tools based on theory and how practitioners can best utilize the mTEI.
An analytical methodology of reliability and sensitivity analysis for mechanical components considering the times of load action

In order to study the law of mechanical component's reliability and sensitivity under the condition of load actting many times and reduce manufacturing costs by modifying component design parameters according to the sensitivity,a reliability model was built by combining the probabilistic perturbation method,the moment method and considering the times of load acting.The reliability sensitivity of mechanical component with arbitrary distribution parameters on the condition of known first four moments of basic random variables was studied,applying the probabilistic perturbation method and the Edgeworth series technique,combining the order statistic theory to study the influence of load action time on the reliability and sensitivity calculation.Calculation results of the reliability by this model were different from the traditional models.Considering the times of load action,the reliability values were different under different times of load action.A bolt was taken as an example to get the reliability variation with the increase in the times of loads.The reliability and reliability sensitivities of the mean and variance of the random varia-bles were studied.The curves of reliabilities and sensitivities were obtained.Law with the role of the times of load action was that the reliability decreased as the times increased with a monotonic trend,the reliability value was minimum when the times of load action was maximum.The curves of reliabilities of variables mean and variance had different trend.Among which the biggest influence factor effect on the reliability with time was the diameter mean and variance of bolt.With the time increase,the bolt cross-section diameter became the dominating factor affect the reliability of the bolt.
Development of Rural School Teachers' Professional Knowledge and Ability in Teaching Design—Taking Southwestern University'Network "Chinese Culture" as an Example

By analyzing the teaching design in the Chinese culture training based on the newest fulltime English Curriculum in2011,we found three problems of vague objectives, ineffective activities and misuse of English. Suggestions are given in the view of teacher's professional development with the concept of course design in order to promote English education in rural middle schools.
A dual-monoclonal, sandwich immunoassay specific for glucagon like peptide-19-36/7 (GLP-19-36/7).

Abstract Objective Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone secreted by intestinal L-cells which stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion. GLP-1 is initially secreted as the active peptide GLP-17–36/7, but rapidly undergoes cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) to yield the inactive form, GLP-19–36/7. Despite a reduced affinity for the GLP-1 receptor, GLP-19–36/7 may have cardioprotective properties. There is currently no described immunoassay capable of specifically measuring GLP-19–36/7. Design and methods We generated a monoclonal antibody specific for the N-terminal neoepitope of GLP-19–36/7. After affinity maturation, we paired this capture antibody with an anti-total GLP-1 monoclonal detection antibody to create a sandwich ELISA specific for GLP-19–36/7. Results The sandwich ELISA was highly specific for GLP-19–36/7 and did not recognize GLP-17–36 or GLP-17–37. The ELISA exhibited a broad dynamic range and a lower limit of detection (LLOD) of 3.17 ng/L. In healthy volunteers, concentrations of GLP-19–36/7 increased dramatically in the postprandial state compared to the fasted state and were markedly elevated at both 30 and 120-minute postprandial time points. Conclusions The optimization of an N-terminal-specific monoclonal antibody for GLP-19–36/7 enabled the development of a sensitive and specific sandwich ELISA assay capable of measuring physiological concentrations of GLP-19–36/7. This ELISA may have the potential to help expand our knowledge of GLP-1 biology.
Intralobar bronchopulmonary sequestration presenting as hemoptysis : Evidence for an acquired cause

A 26-year-old pregnant female was treated for an intralobar sequestration presenting as exsanguinating hemoptysis. The case brings forth strong evidence supporting an acquired rather than a congenital cause of some intralobar sequestrations. We discuss the anatomy, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary sequestrations.
Poultry: the most common food in outbreaks with known pathogens, United States, 1998-2012

As poultry consumption continues to increase worldwide, and as the United States accounts for about one-third of all poultry exports globally, understanding factors leading to poultry-associated foodborne outbreaks in the United States has important implications for food safety. We analysed outbreaks reported to the United States' Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System from 1998 to 2012 in which the implicated food or ingredient could be assigned to one food category. Of 1114 outbreaks, poultry was associated with 279 (25%), accounting for the highest number of outbreaks, illnesses, and hospitalizations, and the second highest number of deaths. Of the 149 poultry-associated outbreaks caused by a confirmed pathogen, Salmonella enterica (43%) and Clostridium perfringens (26%) were the most common pathogens. Restaurants were the most commonly reported location of food preparation (37% of poultry-associated outbreaks), followed by private homes (25%), and catering facilities (13%). The most commonly reported factors contributing to poultry-associated outbreaks were food-handling errors (64%) and inadequate cooking (53%). Effective measures to reduce poultry contamination, promote safe food-handling practices, and ensure food handlers do not work while ill could reduce poultry-associated outbreaks and illnesses.
The influence of tethering and gravity on the stability of compliant liquid-lined airways.

Abstract This study revolves around two simple questions: 1) how does pulmonary airway recruitment/de-recruitment (RecDer) depend on the tethering support provided by surrounding airways and alveoli, and 2) does airway angle of inclination ( θ ) influence airway stability? These two questions are critical to understanding the existence and prevention of atelectrauma, which may contribute to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). To address these questions, we develop PDMS 2 mm ID compliant tubes that mimic pulmonary airways. Airway obstruction is modeled using silicone oil, and recruitment occurs through insufflation with a constant flow of air at Q=0.25 ml/s. Parenchymal tethering is modeled through the use of a pressure chamber through which we independently establish the external pressure (Pext). Repetitive RecDer oscillation is observed as a function of Pext and θ . We find that airway collapse significantly increases the rate of instability, and this rate correlates strongly with the dimensionless film thickness ( e = h / R ) , where h is the film thickness and R is the transumural pressure dependent vessel radius. Furthermore, the angle of orientation influences RecDer oscillation, with stability decreased when airflow is directed in the upward direction. These results may provide insight into protective mechanical ventilation processes that can reduce the existence or severity of VILI.
Spatiotemporal analysis of changes in lode mining claims around the McDermitt Caldera, northern Nevada and southern Oregon

Resource managers and agencies involved with planning for future federal land needs are required to complete an assessment of and forecast for future land use every ten years. Predicting mining activities on federal lands is difficult as current regulations do not require disclosure of exploration results. In these cases, historic mining claims may serve as a useful proxy for determining where mining-related activities may occur. We assess the utility of using a space–time cube (STC) and associated analyses to evaluate and characterize mining claim activities around the McDermitt Caldera in northern Nevada and southern Oregon. The most significant advantage of arranging the mining claim data into a STC is the ability to visualize and compare the data, which allows scientists to better understand patterns and results. Additional analyses of the STC (i.e., Trend, Emerging Hot Spot, Hot Spot, and Cluster and Outlier Analyses) provide extra insights into the data and may aid in predicting future mining claim activities.