cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Smart Governance Through Opinion Mining of Public Reactions on Ordinances

This work focuses on the area of Smart Governance in Smart Cities, which entails transparency in government through public involvement. Specifically, it describes our research on mining urban ordinances or local laws and the public reactions to them expressed on the social media site Twitter. We mine ordinances and tweets related to each other through their mutual connection with Smart City Characteristics (SCCs) and conduct sentiment analysis of relevant tweets for analyzing opinions of the public on local laws in the given urban region. This helps assess how well that region heads towards a Smart City based on (1) how closely ordinances map to the respective SCCs and (2) the extent of public satisfaction on ordinances related to those SCCs. The mining process relies on Commonsense Knowledge (CSK), i.e., knowledge that is obvious to humans but needs to be explicitly fed into machines for automation. CSK is useful in filtering during tweet selection, conducting SCC-based ordinancetweet mapping and performing sentiment analysis of tweets. This paper presents our work in mapping ordinances to tweets through single or multiple SCCs and opinion mining of tweets along with an experimental evaluation and a discussion with useful recommendations.
Toxic Nephropathy: Uric Acid, Rhabdomyolysis, and Tumor Lysis Syndrome

In this chapter we will discuss the relative risk of toxic (pigment) nephropathy in certain disease states. We will discuss the specific complication associated with uric acid, rhabdomyolysis, as well as that associated with tumor lysis syndrome. This section will also discuss the relative approaches to prevention and intervention if necessary.
Critical Role of an MHC Class I-Like/Innate-Like T Cell Immune Surveillance System in Host Defense against Ranavirus (Frog Virus 3) Infection.

Besides the central role of classical Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class Ia-restricted conventional Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8) T cells in antiviral host immune response, the amphibian Xenopus laevis critically rely on MHC class I-like (mhc1b10.1.L or XNC10)-restricted innate-like (i)T cells (iVα6 T cells) to control infection by the ranavirus Frog virus 3 (FV3). To complement and extend our previous reverse genetic studies showing that iVα6 T cells are required for tadpole survival, as well as for timely and effective adult viral clearance, we examined the conditions and kinetics of iVα6 T cell response against FV3. Using a FV3 knock-out (KO) growth-defective mutant, we found that upregulation of the XNC10 restricting class I-like gene and the rapid recruitment of iVα6 T cells depend on detectable viral replication and productive FV3 infection. In addition, by in vivo depletion with XNC10 tetramers, we demonstrated the direct antiviral effector function of iVα6 T cells. Notably, the transitory iVα6 T cell defect delayed innate interferon and cytokine gene response, resulting in long-lasting negative inability to control FV3 infection. These findings suggest that in Xenopus and likely other amphibians, an immune surveillance system based on the early activation of iT cells by non-polymorphic MHC class-I like molecules is important for efficient antiviral immune response.
Past managerial guidance and returns to variance trading around earnings announcements

I investigate the relationship between past managerial guidance and realized variance risk premiums (VRPs) – i.e., the difference between implied and realized variance – in equity options around earnings announcements. I find that implied variances are lower before earnings announcements but VRPs are higher when firms provide guidance. I also find higher option‐implied jump risk when firms issue surprising guidance. Further tests suggest a portion of the higher VRPs are due to changes in perceived higher‐order risks, but traders also underreact to the precision of information in short‐term guidance. These results are attenuated for firms with a better information environment.
Pegasus: a framework for sound continuous invariant generation

Continuous invariants are an important component in deductive verification of hybrid and continuous systems. Just like discrete invariants are used to reason about correctness in discrete systems without unrolling their loops forever, continuous invariants are used to reason about differential equations without having to solve them. Automatic generation of continuous invariants remains one of the biggest practical challenges to automation of formal proofs of safety in hybrid systems. There are at present many disparate methods available for generating continuous invariants; however, this wealth of diverse techniques presents a number of challenges, with different methods having different strengths and weaknesses. To address some of these challenges, we develop Pegasus: an automatic continuous invariant generator which allows for combinations of various methods, and integrate it with the KeYmaera X theorem prover for hybrid systems. We describe some of the architectural aspects of this integration, comment on its methods and challenges, and present an experimental evaluation on a suite of benchmarks.
Streamlined particle quantification (SParQ) plug-in is an automated fluorescent vesicle quantification plug-in for particle quantification in Fiji/ImageJ.

The endolysosomal system is critical for protein homeostasis in cells. A common way of studying protein transport and degradation (e.g. via autophagy) is by labeling vesicular structures such as en...
Intermediate Input Imports, Domestic Input Use and Firm-level Outcomes: Evidence from Survey Data:

Imported intermediate inputs, that is, parts and materials sourced from abroad and used to make products either consumed domestically or in producing exported goods are a growing force in world tra...
European Union membership conditionality: the Copenhagen criteria and the quality of democracy

The European Union has been praised for successfully promoting democracy through its political accession conditionality by incentivizing Central and Eastern European countries to establish stable d...
Assessment of relationship between post-injection plume migration and leakage risks at geologic CO2 storage sites

Abstract We performed a numerical modeling study focused on the relationship between post-injection plume migration and leakage risks at geologic CO2 storage sites. We use the model for Rock Springs Uplift in southwestern Wyoming as our hypothetical case study. We performed multiple sets of reservoir simulations, each with 29 equi-probable realizations of reservoir permeability heterogeneity, simulating different injection scenarios. Three different CO2 injection rates and an open and compartmentalized reservoir are evaluated. We applied newly developed moment-based plume mobility metrics to characterize migration and evolution of injected CO2 plume. We applied the integrated assessment model developed by the National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP-IAM-CS) using the results of reservoir simulations of CO2 and overpressure to quantify potential CO2 and brine leakage through wells and resulting groundwater aquifer impacts. The plume mobility metrics provide detailed analyses of the effect of reservoir permeability heterogeneity, CO2 injection rate, and compartmentalization on CO2 plume and overpressure areas, velocities, and spreading. Based on leakage risk assessment our results indicate that lack of injected CO2 plume stability (or non-zero plume mobility) may not directly imply groundwater aquifer endangerment and the leakage risks are dependent on multiple factors beyond CO2 plume stability including presence of wells and their locations and types.
Mobile, Remote, and Individual Focused: Comparing Breath Carbon Monoxide Readings and Abstinence Between Smartphone-Enabled and Stand-Alone Monitors

INTRODUCTION Newly available, smartphone-enabled carbon monoxide (CO) monitors are lower in cost than traditional stand-alone monitors and represent a marked advancement for smoking research. New products are promising, but data are needed to compare breath CO readings between smartphone-enabled and stand-alone monitors. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the agreement between the mobile iCO (Bedfont Scientific Ltd) with two other monitors from the same manufacturer (Micro+ pro and Micro+ basic) and (2) determine optimal, monitor-specific, cotinine-confirmed abstinence cutoff values. METHODS Adult (≥18) smokers (n = 26) and nonsmokers (n = 21) provided three breath CO samples (using three different monitors) in each of 10 sessions, and urine cotinine was measured for gold standard determination of abstinence. CO comparisons (N = 437) were analyzed using regression-based Bland-Altman Analysis of Agreement; receiver operating characteristics curves were used to determine optimal abstinence cutoffs. RESULTS Bland-Altman analyses indicated that the iCO monitor provided higher CO results than both Micro+ monitors. Sensitivity and specificity analyses showed that the optimal CO cutoff for determining abstinence was <3 ppm for the Micro+ pro (88% sensitivity, 93% specificity) and Micro+ basic (83% sensitivity, 98% specificity), but was higher for the iCO (<6 ppm; 73% sensitivity, 100% specificity). CONCLUSIONS Relative to both Micro+ monitors, the smartphone-enabled iCO provided systematically higher CO values and required a higher cutoff to reliably determine smoking abstinence. This does not indicate that CO values obtained using the iCO are not valid; instead, these results suggest that monitor-specific abstinence cutoffs are needed to ensure accurate bioverification of smoking status. IMPLICATIONS Results from this study indicate that CO values from the smartphone-enabled iCO should not be used interchangeably with the stand-alone Micro+ pro and Micro+ basic, particularly when lower CO values (<10 ppm) are critical (ie, determination of abstinence vs confirming smoking status for study inclusion). Optimal CO cutoffs recommended for determining abstinence on Micro+ and iCO monitors are at <3 and <6 ppm, respectively.
How to Support a Surgeon Scientist: Lessons from National Institutes of Health K-Award Recipients.

Abstract Background Success in academic surgery is challenging and research cannot survive without funding. NIH K-awards are designed to mentor junior investigators to achieve independence. As a result we aimed to study K awardees in departments of surgery and learn from their experience. Material and methods Utilizing the NIH RePORTer database and filtering by department of surgery, clinically active surgeons receiving a K-award between 2008 and 2018 were asked to complete an online survey. Qualitative data from two open-ended questions were coded independently using standard qualitative methods by three researchers. Using grounded theory, major themes emerged from the codes. Results Of the 144 academic surgeons identified, 89 (62%) completed the survey. The average age was 39 ± 3 when the K-award was granted. Most identified as white (69%). Men (70%) were more likely to be married (P = 0.02) and have children (P = 0.05). To identify intention to pursue R01 funding, surgeons having a K-award for 5 y or more were analyzed (n = 45). Most either intended to (11%) or had already applied (80%) of which 36% were successful. Men were more likely to apply (P = 0.05). Major themes to succeed include protected time, mentorship, and support from leadership. Common barriers to overcome include balancing time, pressures to be clinically productive, and funding. Conclusions The demographics and career trajectory of NIH K-awarded surgeons is described. The lack of underrepresented minorities receiving grants is concerning. Most recipients required more than one application attempt and plan to or have applied for R01 funding. The major themes were very similar; a supportive environment and time available for research are the most crucial factors to succeed as an academic surgeon.
Stretching the Boundaries of Participatory Research: Insights from Conducting Research with Urban Adolescents

Participatory research methods are often assumed to alter the roles, relationships and responsibilities of researchers and participants in research projects reframing research as collaborative inquiry. In my own research on urban schooling, whenever possible, I have attempted to craft research projects with and for the participants in the project, rather than conducting research on them. For instance, in order to document urban adolescents’ perspectives on their schooling, I asked high school students to join research projects as coresearchers. I learned that the core principles of participatory research become complicated and, at times, problematic when put into practice with adolescents. In this article, I describe three of the collaborative relationships l developed with high school students in a single research project. I use this work with adolescents to call for the reconsideration of conventional notions of collaboration, participation, action and representation in participatory research.
What Does a “Public Health Approach” Mean? Lessons from Earlier Successes

The United States has one of the highest firearm mortality rates among the world’s developed countries, and with US firearm deaths being the highest they have been in decades, gun violence is largely considered a public health epidemic. Though there is a wide-ranging cultural conversation on the best way to tackle this epidemic, there is evidence from other public health victories in the past and from the success of other countries in decreasing their rates of gun-related violence. In this chapter, we aim to highlight how the public health approach has been successfully applied to some of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality of the twenty-first century—lead poisoning, car crash fatalities, and tobacco—and how that approach was successfully applied in Australia when dealing with a gun violence epidemic of their own.
Dewey and the Question of Realism

An interpretation is given of John Dewey's views about “realism” in metaphysics, and of how these views relate to contemporary debates. Dewey rejected standard formulations of realism as a general metaphysical position, and interpreters have often been taken him to be sympathetic to some form of verificationism or constructivism. I argue that these interpretations are mistaken, as Dewey's unease with standard formulations of realism comes from his philosophical emphasis on intelligent control of events, by means of ordinary action. Because of his views about relations, Dewey's views in this area do risk collapsing into an overly holistic position. I discuss how these problems might be avoided, and consider also how Dewey's views about naturalism and realism might usefully inform ongoing work.
Effect of rigor and cycling cross-bridges on the structure of troponin C and on the Ca2+ affinity of the Ca2+-specific regulatory sites in skinned rabbit psoas fibers.

Intrinsic troponin C (TnC) was extracted from small bundles of rabbit psoas fibers and replaced with TnC labeled with dansylaziridine (5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl). The flourescence of incorporated dansylaziridine-labeled TnC was enhanced by the binding of Ca2+ to the Ca2+-specific (regulatory) sites of TnC and was measured simultaneously with force (Zot, H.G., Guth, K., and Potter, J.D. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 15883-15890). Various myosin cross-bridge states also altered the fluorescence of dansylaziridine-labeled TnC in the filament, with cycling cross-bridges having a greater effect than rigor cross-bridges; and in both cases, there was an additional effect of Ca2+. The paired fluorescence and tension data were used to calculate the apparent Ca2+ affinity of the regulatory sites in the thin filament and were shown to increase at least 10-fold during muscle activation presumably due to the interaction of cycling cross-bridges with the thin filament. The cross-bridge state responsible for this enhanced Ca2+ affinity was shown to be the myosin-ADP state present only when cross-bridges are cycling. The steepness of the pCa force curves (where pCa represents the -log of the free Ca2+ concentration) obtained in the presence of ATP at short and long sarcomere lengths was the same, suggesting that cooperative interactions between adjacent troponin-tropomyosin units may spread along much of the actin filament when cross-bridges are attached to it. In contrast to the cycling cross-bridges, rigor bridges only increased the Ca2+ affinity of the regulatory sites 2-fold. Taken together, the results presented here indicate a strong coupling between the Ca2+ regulatory sites and cross-bridge interactions with the thin filament.
Metabolic syndrome symptoms are reduced in C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat diets supplemented with apple and cherry extracts, quercetin, and ellagic acid (121.2)

We are evaluating metabolic improvements and gene expression changes in mice fed phytochemicals present in apples, sweet cherries, and polyphenol-rich extracts derived from these fruits. Polyphenol...
Organometallic chelate compounds—I: Formation constants of some dialkyl- and diaryl-thallium (III)-β-diketone compounds

Abstract The chelating tendencies of three β-diketones and two β,δ-triketones with some dialkyl- and diaryl-thallium (III) ions have been determined at 30° in a 75 per cent (v/v) dioxane-water solution. Only first formation constants were obtained, and there was no indication of the formation of a six-co-ordinate species of the type R 2 Tl(RCOCHCOR′) 2 − ) The effect of the nature of the organo group and the nature of the anion of R 2 Tl + X − on the formation constant is considered.
Drp1 is dispensable for apoptotic cytochrome c release in primed MCF10A and fibroblast cells but affects Bcl-2 antagonist-induced respiratory changes.

Background and Purpose Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) mediates mitochondrial fission and is thought to promote Bax/Bak-induced cytochrome c release during apoptosis. Conformationally active Bax, Bak and Bax/Bak-activating BH3-only proteins, such as Bim, are restrained by anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in cells that are ‘primed for death’. Inhibition of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL/Bcl-w by the antagonist ABT-737 causes rapid apoptosis of primed cells. Hence, we determined whether Drp1 is required for cytochrome c release, respiratory alterations and apoptosis of cells that are already primed for death. Experimental Approach We tested the Drp1 inhibitor mdivi-1 for inhibition of cytochrome c release in MCF10A cells primed by Bcl-2 overexpression. We measured ATP synthesis-dependent, -independent and cytochrome c-limited maximal oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) and cell death of immortalized wild-type (WT) and Drp1 knockout (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) treated with ABT-737. Key Results Mdivi-1 failed to attenuate ABT-737-induced cytochrome c release. ABT-737 decreased maximal OCR measured in the presence of uncoupler in both WT and Drp1 KO MEF, consistent with respiratory impairment due to release of cytochrome c. However, Drp1 KO MEF were slightly less sensitive to this ABT-737-induced respiratory inhibition compared with WT, and were resistant to an initial ABT-737-induced increase in ATP synthesis-independent O2 consumption. Nevertheless, caspase-dependent cell death was not reduced. Pro-apoptotic Bax was unaltered, whereas Bak was up-regulated in Drp1 KO MEF. Conclusions and Implications The findings indicate that once fibroblast cells are primed for death, Drp1 is not required for apoptosis. However, Drp1 may contribute to ABT-737-induced respiratory changes and the kinetics of cytochrome c release. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed issue on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Energy, Injury & Beyond. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-8
Pricing for water conservation with cost recovery

[1] Variable unit pricing provides incentives for conservation, similar to increasing block rates, while covering system costs. For supply-limited situations and planning contexts, it is also shown to provide for cost recovery with supply limits and capacity constraints. This paper presents two applications of pricing with supply constraints: (1) an application for Amman, Jordan, showing that VUP satisfying a supply limit can avoid more costly capacity expansion and (2) an example of seasonal pricing for Boulder, Colorado, as an alternative to water restrictions. These two cases also exhibit two methods for generating data needs: (1) a “full information approach” with specified demand and cost functions and (2) “iterative pricing” that uses a previous year's cost and consumption data to set future pricing.
Prospective evaluation of a dedicated spine radiosurgery program using the Elekta Synergy S system: Clinical article

Object Cone beam CT (CBCT) image guidance has recently been adopted for the delivery of spine radiosurgery. In 2007, the authors' institution began a dedicated spine radiosurgery program using the Elekta Synergy S system, which incorporates CBCT technology. In this study, the authors prospectively evaluated the Synergy S platform as a dedicated spine radiosurgery delivery system, including an evaluation of the accuracy of patient positioning using this technology, as part of a quality assurance program. Methods One hundred sixty-six spine and paraspinal lesions were treated using the Elekta Synergy S 6-MV LINAC with a beam modulator and CBCT image guidance combined with a HexaPOD couch that allows correction of patient positioning in 3 translational and 3 rotational directions. Stratifying the lesion by location, there were 28 cervical, 69 thoracic, 48 lumbar, and 21 sacral lesions. The most common histological types for the metastatic lesions (136 cases total) were breast, lung, sarcomas, and renal cells...
SN 2008ha: An Extremely Low Luminosity and Exceptionally Low Energy Supernova

We present ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared photometry as well as optical spectra of the peculiar supernova (SN) 2008ha. SN?2008ha had a very low peak luminosity, reaching only?MV = ?14.2?mag, and low line velocities of only ~2000?km s?1 near maximum brightness, indicating a very small kinetic energy per unit mass of ejecta. Spectroscopically, SN?2008ha is a member of the SN?2002cx-like class of SNe, a peculiar subclass of SNe?Ia; however, SN?2008ha is the most extreme member, being significantly fainter and having lower line velocities than the typical member, which is already ~2?mag fainter and has line velocities ~5000?km s?1 smaller (near maximum brightness) than a normal SN?Ia. SN?2008ha had a remarkably short rise time of only ~10 days, significantly shorter than either SN?2002cx-like objects (~15 days) or normal SNe?Ia (~19.5 days). The bolometric light curve of SN?2008ha indicates that SN?2008ha peaked at L peak = (9.5 ? 1.4) ? 1040 erg s?1, making SN?2008ha perhaps the least luminous SN ever observed. From its peak luminosity and rise time, we infer that SN?2008ha generated (3.0 ? 0.9) ? 10?3 M ? of 56Ni, had a kinetic energy of ~2 ? 1048 erg, and ejected 0.15?M ? of material. The host galaxy of SN?2008ha has a luminosity, star formation rate, and metallicity similar to those of the Large?magellanic Cloud. We classify three new (and one potential) members of the SN?2002cx-like class, expanding the sample to 14 (and one potential) members. The host-galaxy morphology distribution of the class is consistent with that of SNe?Ia, Ib, Ic, and II. Several models for generating low-luminosity SNe can explain the observations of SN?2008ha; however, if a single model is to describe all SN?2002cx-like objects, deflagration of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs, with SN?2008ha being a partial deflagration and not unbinding the progenitor star, is preferred. The rate of SN?2008ha-like events is ~10% of the SN?Ia rate, and in the upcoming era of transient surveys, several thousand similar objects may be discovered, suggesting that SN?2008ha may be the tip of a low-luminosity transient iceberg.
Workforce Diversity And Organizational Communication: Analysis Of Human Capital Performance And Productivity

The twenty-first century organizations are increasingly becoming multicultural workplaces for communication. This paper explores recent literature on the increasing global influence of workforce diversity and its affect on workplace communication. It provides a model for the discussion of the opportunities and challenges of diversity in the workplace. The paper then provides an analytical framework that guides readers with practical ideas that can assist them in their endeavors to effectively communicate in a globally diverse work environment. The paper stresses that effective communication in a diverse workforce ensures a high level of performance and productivity for human and intellectual capital and provides business organizations a competitive advantage in their expanded markets and in the global economy.
Standards of laboratory practice: antidepressant drug monitoring

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for certain tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and lithium is supported on the basis of clearly defined therapeutic ranges. TDM is of particular importance in individuals whose pharmacokinetic behavior may differ from that of the general population or is changing as the result of aging and maturation. Once steady-state drug concentrations are achieved, serum or plasma specimens should be collected during the terminal drug-elimination phase and separated from cellular blood components immediately. Methods of analysis must be specific for parent drug and active metabolites and demonstrate imprecision (CVs) within 5-10% over the therapeutic range. For support of overdose situations, semiquantitative values for TCAs and quantitative measures of lithium should be available within 1 h, and routine TDM results should be reported within 24 h of receipt in the laboratory. Standardized and rigorous laboratory practices contribute to improved therapeutic management.
Left ventricular dysfunction during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a hypoxemic swine model

Abstract Background . Perfusion of the coronary circulation with hypoxemic blood from the left ventricle has been postulated to cause myocardial dysfunction during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory support. Methods . We investigated this hypothesis in 10 anesthetized open-chest piglets (7 to 9 kg) undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after placement of minor-axis sonomicrometry crystals and left ventricular micromanometer. The left atrial partial pressure of oxygen was made hypoxemic (25 to 40 mm Hg) after initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation by ventilation with a hypoxic gas mixture. Left ventricular contractile function, including peak LV pressure, shortening fraction, maximum rate of increase of left ventricular pressure, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, end-systolic pressure–minor axis dimension relationship, and preload recruitable dimensional stroke work, was measured or calculated on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before (baseline) and at 4 and 6 hours after rendering the left atrial blood hypoxemic. Results . Left ventricular shortening fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening were significantly lower ( p r = 0.30 to 0.93). The preload recruitable dimensional stroke work was more linear ( r = 0.87 to 0.99), and the slope was significantly lower ( p Conclusions . Hypoxemic cardiac output from the left ventricle during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is associated with depression of left ventricular systolic function in this animal model. Current use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory support may not provide adequate oxygen supply to the myocardium.
Differences in the cellular processing of AspB10 human insulin compared with human insulin and LysB28ProB29 human insulin

Abstract Cellular metabolism studies were performed comparing human insulin with two rapid-acting analogs, LysB28ProB29 insulin (LysPro) and AspB10 insulin (B10-Asp). B10-Asp bound to isolated hepatocytes at 37°C to a greater extent than LysPro or native insulin, which were equivalent. The rate of degradation was similar for the three materials, resulting in a significant reduction in the degraded bound ratio for the B10 analog. The processing of membrane-bound material was examined by incubating cells with hormone at 4°C, removing unbound insulin, and incubating the cells at 37°C. Again, binding was greater for B10-Asp versus LysPro or native insulin, with a reduction in the degraded bound ratio. Hormone internalization and processing was examined by an acid wash of cells incubated with 125I(A14)-labeled hormone to remove surface-bound materials. The processing rate was slower for B10-Asp versus LysPro or native insulin. Cell extraction and examination on molecular-sieve chromatography confirmed that B10-Asp was processed at a slower rate than either LysPro or native insulin. Intact B10-Asp was found in the cell after 4 hours, whereas all native insulin and LysPro were degraded by 90 to 120 minutes. B10-Asp also caused a greater incorporation of thymidine into DNA in cultured cells than LysPro or native insulin, which were similar. These data show that the cellular processing of LysPro is essentially identical to that of native insulin. However, B10-Asp has markedly different properties and is processed much more slowly. The prolonged cell residence time of B10-Asp could contribute to its greater effects on cell growth and mitogenesis.
A Continuous Dual-Process Model of Remember/Know Judgments

The dual-process theory of recognition memory holds that recognition decisions can be based on recollection or familiarity, and the remember/know procedure is widely used to investigate those 2 processes. Dual-process theory in general and the remember/know procedure in particular have been challenged by an alternative strength-based interpretation based on signal-detection theory, which holds that remember judgments simply reflect stronger memories than do know judgments. Although supported by a considerable body of research, the signal-detection account is difficult to reconcile with G. Mandler's (1980) classic "butcher-on-the-bus" phenomenon (i.e., strong, familiarity-based recognition). In this article, a new signal-detection model is proposed that does not deny either the validity of dual-process theory or the possibility that remember/know judgments can-when used in the right way-help to distinguish between memories that are largely recollection based from those that are largely familiarity based. It does, however, agree with all prior signal-detection-based critiques of the remember/know procedure, which hold that, as it is ordinarily used, the procedure mainly distinguishes strong memories from weak memories (not recollection from familiarity).
Interventional cardiology: Hand me your radial artery to protect your kidney.

Vuurmans et al. have reported that, among 69,214 patients who underwent coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention, transradial access was associated with a lower incidence of chronic kidney disease than the femoral approach. We discuss the importance of kidney injury following these procedures, and the potential protective mechanisms of transradial access.
Impact of Triclosan-Impregnated Suture on in vitro Adherence of Nosocomial Surgical Pathogens

Abstract BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Superficial incisional site infections (SIS) account for 40% to 60% of all surgical site infections. Traditional efforts to reduce SIS infections focus on skin antisepsis, timely and appropriate surgical prophylaxis, and meticulous wound care. Selective predicated antiseptic-impregnated biomedical devices have demonstrated microbiological and clinical efficacy by reducing microbial surface colonization and lowering the risk of nosocomial infection in medical/surgical patient populations. A triclosan-impregnated (TI) vicryl suture was studied under in vitro conditions to evaluate its effectiveness at preventing microbial adherence. METHODS: 1-cm segments (5X) of triclosan-impregnated (3–0) vicryl suture material were exposed to MRSA, glycocalyx-producing S. epidermidis , VRE, E. coli , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , acquired from surgical site infections. The TI segments were exposed to one of two standardized inoculum, 2.0 and 5.0 log10 CFU/mL at 5- and 120-second exposure times. The TI segments were sonicate, serial diluted, and quantitative cultures performed to determine CFU per cm suture segment. Control studies were performed using non-impregnated vicryl (3–0). RESULTS: The TI-impregnated device compared to non-impregnated controls was effective at reducing or preventing microbial adherence against all gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates (p Pseudomonas aeruginosa and an exopolysaccharide-producing strain of S. epidermidis , regardless of inoculum challenge or exposure time. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that TI sutures are effective at preventing microbial adherence of selected nosocomial pathogens and by extension may reduce the risk of SIS infection in at-risk surgical populations. Additional studies are warranted validating the antimicrobial and clinical efficacy of this innovative device in surgical patients.
CHLOROPHYLL MONOLAYERS AND MUTILAYERS—I. METHODS OF PREPARATION AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION*

— Precise methods of preparing monolayers and multilayers of chlorophyll a alone or mixed with arachidic acid on glass slides prewated with monolayers of barium arachidate are described in detail. Chlorophyll monolayers obtained by this method are mechanically stable and allow the absorption spectra or other spectroscopic characterizations to be readily made. The data on absorption spectra indicate that uniformly deposited multilayers of over 100 pure chlorophyll a monolayers or over 400 mixed monolayers were obtained. Theabsorbance in the multilayer was directly proportional to the total number of layers. For a given surface pressure used in depositing the multilayers, the absorbance per layer was constant.
A Novel Group of Alkaline Earth Metal Amides: Syntheses and Characterization of M[N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)(SiMe3)]2(THF)2 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and the Linear, Two-Coordinate Mg[N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)(SiMe3)]2

Novel alkaline earth metal aryl-substituted silylamides were prepared using alkane (Mg) and salt elimination reactions (Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba). The salt elimination regime involved the treatment of the alkaline earth metal iodides with 2 equiv of the respective potassium amide KNDiip(SiMe(3)), (Diip = 2,6-i-Pr(2)C(6)H(3)). The organomagnesium source for the alkane elimination was ((n)()Bu/(s)()Bu)(2)Mg. All compounds were characterized using (1)H, (13)C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, in addition to X-ray crystallography (except Mg[NDiip(SiMe(3))](2)THF(2)). Crystal data with Mo Kalpha (lambda = 0.710 73 A) are as follows: Mg[NDiip(SiMe(3))](2), 1, a = 9.4687(6) A, b = 9.6818(6) A, c = 17.9296(1) A, alpha = 96.487(1) degrees, beta = 94.537(1) degrees, gamma = 89.222(1) degrees, V = 1608.8(2) A(3), Z = 2 (two independent molecules), triclinic, space group P(-)1, R1 (all data) = 0.0508; (n)()BuMg[NDiip(SiMe(3))]THF(2), 2, a = 9.5413(1) A, b = 16.493(2) A, c = 9.8218(1) A, beta = 108.149(2) degrees, V = 1468.7(4) A(3), Z = 2, monoclinic, space group P2(1), R1(all data) = 0.1232; Ca[NDiip(SiMe(3))](2)THF(2), 4, a = 9.7074(1) A, b = 20.9466(4) A, c = 21.6242(3) A, alpha = 73.573(1) degrees, beta = 78.632(1) degrees, gamma = 89.621(1) degrees, V = 4129.1(1) A(3), Z = 4 (two independent molecules), triclinic, space group P(-)1, R1 (all data) = 0.0902; Sr[NDiip(SiMe(3))](2)THF(2), 5, a = 20.5874(5) A, b = 9.8785(2) A, c = 20.8522(5) A, beta = 102.035(2) degrees, V = 4147.6(2) A(3), Z = 4 (two independent molecules), monoclinic, space group P2/n, R1 (all data) = 0.0756; Ba[NDiip(SiMe(3))](2)THF(2), 6, a = 20.5476(2) A, b = 10.0353(2) A, c = 20.9020(4) A, beta = 101.657(1) degrees, V = 4221.0(1) A(3), Z = 4 (two independent molecules), monoclinic, space group P2/n, R1 (all data) = 0.0573.
FPU Generator for Design Space Exploration

FPUs have been a topic of research for almost a century, leading to thousands of papers and books. Each advance focuses on the virtues of some specific new technique. This paper compares the energy efficiency of both throughput-optimized and latency-sensitive designs, each employing an array of optimization techniques, through a fair "apples to apples" methodology. This comparison required us to build many optimized FP units. We accomplished this by creating a highly parameterized FPgenerator, hierarchically encompassing lower-level generators for summation trees, Booth encoders, adders, etc. Having constructed this generator we quickly relearned a number of low-level issues that are critical and are often the most neglected by papers. By exploring cascade and fused multiply-add architectures across a variety of bit widths, summation trees, booth encoders, pipelining techniques, and pipe depths, we found that for most throughput based designs, a Booth-3 fused multiply-add architecture with a Wallace combining tree is optimal. For latency designs, we found that Booth-2 cascade multiply-add architectures are better. As we describe in the paper, Wallace is not always the optimal combining network due to wire delay and track count, and the precise way the CSA's are connected in the tree can make a larger difference than the type of tree used.
Parent Drug Use and Bonding to Parents as Predictors of Substance Use in Children of Substance Abusers.

ABSTRACT The social development model (Catalano and Hawkins 1996) hypothesizes that strong bonds to prosocial others and institutions contribute to prosocial behavior, while strong bonds to antisocial others and institutions contribute to antisocial behavior. Consistent with this perspective, previous research indicates that bonding to parents and child substance use are negatively associated for children of non-substance abusers but are negligibly or positively associated for children of substance abusers. This paper examines the interactive relationship between parent drag use, bonding to parents, and child substance use in a longitudinal study of families headed by substance abusers in methadone treatment for opiate addiction. Bonding to parents and child substance use are moderately negatively correlated in children whose parents ceased using drugs but are weakly positively correlated in children whose parents continued using drugs. These results support the social development model and suggest that f...
Ribosomal protein metallopanstimulin-1 impairs multiple myeloma CAG cells growth and inhibits fibroblast growth factor receptor 3.

Abstract Introduction It was demonstrated that metallopanstimulin-1 (MPS-1, RPS27) inhibited the growth of tumors formed by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells and reduced paxillin gene expression. Methods The present study examined whether and how MPS-1 affects another type of cancer, multiple myeloma (CAG). Enhanced expression of MPS-1 dramatically inhibited CAG in vitro and in vivo. Results Overexpression of MPS-1 resulted in decreased fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) receptor 3 and impaired endogenous MAPK/ErK signaling. MAPK/ErK signaling was not stimulated by adding recombinant FGF2 to myeloma cells overexpressing MPS-1. Conclusions These data suggest that MPS-1 suppresses CAG growth and that weakened FGF2 signaling may contribute to this effect.
Phase I study of recombinant leukocyte a interferon (IFN‐α2A, roferon‐A) with doxorubicin in advanced malignant disease

Twenty-six patients with advanced cancer received monthly intramuscular recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFN-alpha 2A), 12 X 10(6) U/m2 daily X 5 with escalating doses of doxorubicin, 25 to 40 mg/m2 on day 3. As anticipated, dose-limiting toxicities were an influenza-type syndrome and myelosuppression. A clinically meaningful and dramatic partial response of hepatocellular carcinoma persisted for 11.5 months associated with an alpha-fetoprotein reduction from 39,000 to 299 ng/ml. For Phase II investigations, the authors recommend the above IFN-alpha 2A dose with doxorubicin, 40 mg/m2, in patients with a performance score of 0 or 1 and no prior chemotherapy or significant radiation therapy which would enhance myelosuppression.
Geoelectrical measurements at the TAG Hydrothermal Mound

Direct current electrical experiments with electrode arrays deployed by a submersible (ALVIN) were used to determine the resistivity structure of the seafloor below, and vertical potential gradients in sea water above, the hydrothermally active TAG mound. Apparent resistivities of the sulfides at shallow depths (∼10 m) below seafloor over the mound ranged between 0.18–0.21 ohm-m, compared to nearby basalt pillow apparent resistivities of 2.1–2.4 ohm-m. The potential differences between heights of about 18 to 27 m above the mound averaged +3.7 mV (voltage increasing with height), with variations between about −2.9 and +12.7 mV.
Beyond Intention to Treat Analysis in Welfare-to-Work Studies: The Efficacy of Labor Force Attachment, Human Capital Investment and Combined Strategies for Self-Sufficiency

Abstract Using a sample of 2072 women who participated in New Jersey's Family Development Program experiment during 1992–1996, we compare three welfare-to-work strategieslabor force attachment (LFA), human capital investment (HCI), and a mixed strategyemploying traditional effectiveness analysis within an experimental design and an efficacy approach which controls for selective participation by experimental and control subjects. Controlling for selective participation, we find that each year of participation in LFA increases the probability of employment by about 3 percent. In our earnings analyses we find that HCI participants earn about $163 less per year of exposure to this strategy.
Nature of collagen–water hydration forces: a problem in water structure

Abstract The detailed make up of the total hydration force, FTOT, or its osmotic pressure equivalent, π, for the collagen–water system has been revealed by Raman spectroscopy, thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics. π is composed of three terms: (1) the pure water internal pressure, piH2O, (2) a collagen–water stochastic electric field term, piFIELD, and (3) a thermal term, nRTST/(V−V0)=ρRTST/MWH2O. V−V0 is the water volume, ρ is the density of pure water at the structural temperature, TST, and MWH2O is the molecular weight. An electric field modified, van der Waal’s type, equation of state results, namely, (π+pi′) (V−V0)=nRTST. pi′ is the total internal pressure including the electric field, namely, pi′≡piH2O−piFIELD. piH2O≡(∂E/∂V)T=[βTST/κT−P], where β and κT are the expansion coefficient and compressibility of pure water. The structural temperature, TST, of the hydration water, was obtained from Raman OH-stretching component intensity ratios, K(T)≡(I 3250 cm −1 /I 3400 cm −1 ) , measured for collagen, but using the known T dependence of K(T) for pure water [1] . P=Pexternal=1 atm. The electric field contribution, piFIELD, to the total internal pressure, pi′, comes from the negative V derivative of the stochastic electric field energy, UE. However, the sign of −piH2O, alone, determines the overall hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity; changing from (+), hydrophobic, positive force, for low TST; to (−), hydrophilic, negative force, for high TST; with increasing interaxial separation, X, in A. TST is ≈220–230 K for the driest collagen and the smallest X≈13 A, implying, from Raman measurements of supercooled water [2] , a dominance of pentagon-based, hydrophobic, clathrate-like rings of H-bonded water molecules in excellent agreement with X-ray measurements, although some hydrophilic interactions remain. TST for the wettest collagen, X≈18 A, is ≈296 K (Ti=293 K, is the constant experimental temperature) which signals the dominance of hydrophilic forces with high water content or large X. An excellent fit to the experimentally measured osmotic pressure was obtained for the collagen–water system using only well-known, short-range forces.
Child Maltreatment in Depressed Adolescents: Differences in Symptomatology Based on History of Abuse

Research has demonstrated that youth who are sexually or physically abused are at greater risk for developing depression. Although the association between depression and child maltreatment has been well documented, much less is known about the potential differences in the clinical presentation of depressive symptomatology among these victims. The current study examines differences in symptoms of depression in adolescents based on differing histories of abuse (i.e., sexual abuse only, physical abuse only, sexual and physical abuse, and no history of sexual or physical abuse), abuse incident characteristics, and gender. Participants were drawn from a subsample (n = 548) from the National Survey of Adolescents who met criteria for major depressive episode in the past year. Results indicate significant differences in severity of depression and specific depressive symptoms based on type of abuse experienced and gender. Implications for the clinical assessment and treatment of depressed adolescents with regard to abuse history are discussed.
Donor-Acceptor-Assisted Diels-Alder Reaction of Anthracene and Tetracyanoethylene

We report hybrid Hartree−Fock/density functional B3LYP/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) calculations to determine the path of the Diels−Alder reaction between anthracene and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE)...
On the use of overllapping spheres in the SCF Xα scattered-wave method

Abstract The use of overlapping spheres in the SCF Xα scattered-wave method is discussed. It leads to an improved description of both the ionization potentials and total energies of molecules where a substantial fraction of the charge due to the valence electrons is distributed over the interatomic region of constant potential. The effects of using improved exchange parameters for hydrogen-containing molecules are also considered. Results for ethylene, benzene, and carbon monoxide are reported.
Interventional sialendoscopy for treatment of radioiodine-induced sialadenitis†‡

Objectives/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study is to review our experience with sialendoscopy for the management of radioiodine-induced sialadenitis. Methods: Retrospective chart review of all patients with radioiodine-induced sialadenitis treated with interventional sialendoscopy. Results: Twelve female patients with a mean age of 46.5 years (range, 25–77 years) underwent interventional sialendoscopy for the treatment of recalcitrant sialadenitis from radioiodine-induced damage to the major salivary glands. Symptoms arising from the parotid gland were seen in 75% of patients, whereas symptoms arising from the submandibular gland were seen in 50%. Three patients (25%) presented symptoms in both the parotids and the submandibular glands. The mean dose of radioiodine was 143 mCi (range, 101.9–185.7 mCi) received as a single dose prior to their referral. The mean duration from radioiodine ablation therapy to sialendoscopy was 10.4 months (range, 5–16 months). Thirty-two glands (20 parotid, 12 submandibular) were taken to the operating room, with complete endoscopy successful in 27 glands (84.4%). Ductal stenosis (30%) and mucus plugs (44%) were the most common types of ductal pathology. Sialendoscopy improved the symptoms in 75% (9/12) of patients, with no serious complications reported in follow-up ranging from 2 weeks to 33 months (median, 6 months). Conclusions: Interventional sialendoscopy is an effective tool for the management of patients with radioiodine-induced sialadenitis that is unresponsive to medical management. Laryngoscope, 2009
PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION VERSUS MEDICAL THERAPY FOR MODERATE CORONARY LESIONS AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION: WHAT TO DO?

It is reported that Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) on moderate lesions (60% – 90% stenosis on angiogram) of cardiac allograft vasculopathy may incite heightened immune response resulting in greater disease in intervened arteries as well as arteries that were not intervened. It is not