cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Short Pulse Laser Interaction With Tissues for Tumor Detection

The objective of the work is to perform both experimental and numerical analysis of short pulse laser interaction with tissue medium with the goal of tumor / cancer diagnostics. Short pulse laser probing techniques for diagnostics have distinct advantages over very large pulse width or continuous wave lasers primarily due to the additional information conveyed by the temporal distribution of the optical signals. For short pulse laser source, the shape of output signal is a function of the optical properties of the medium and hence the scattered optical signal provides information about the medium characteristics. Two laser systems are used: a mode-locked short pulse laser (wavelength = 514 nm and pulsewidth = 200 ps) and a frequency doubled diode short pulse laser (wavelength = 776 nm and pulsewidth = 1.3 ps). The scattered optical signals are measured with a Hamamatsu streak camera. First in vitro experiments are performed on mouse skin tissue samples injected with India ink in order to simulate presence of inhomogeneities. Finally, in vivo imaging is performed on anaesthetized rats with tumorogenic agents injected inside skin tissues and on anaesthetized mouse with mammary tumors. Both the temporal and the spatial profiles of the scattered reflected optical signals are compared with the numerical modeling results obtained by solving the transient radiative transport equation using the discrete ordinates technique. The goal is to demonstrate the feasibility of the time-resolved technique in detecting tumors in animal model.© 2009 ASME
Radiation with free convection in an absorbing, emitting and scattering medium

Abstract Heat transfer by simultaneous radiation and free convection from a vertical plate immersed in an absorbing, emitting, isotropically scattering, gray fluid is determined by solving non-similar momentum and energy equations. The radiation part of the problem is treated exactly by the application of the normal-mode-expansion technique. The hot wall and the cold wall conditions are both considered. A parameter survey is made to study the effects of single scattering albedo, optical thickness, and conduction-to-radiation parameter on temperature distribution in the boundary layer and heat transfer at the wall.
DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR TRANSVAGINAL-TRANSUTERINE ASPIRATION OF BOVINE FETAL FLUID DURING THE EARLY FETAL PERIOD

Studies were designed to evaluate 2 methods for transvaginal-transuterine collection of bovine fetal fluids. The first technique (direct) required simultaneous transrectal palpation and retraction of the gravid uterus and direct, intravaginal manipulation of a needle and vacuum tube assembly. The direct technique was only suitable for use in multiparous animals and was attempted when fetal age ranged from Day 55 to Day 75. The second technique (indirect) may be used in primiparous cows, because aspiration was accomplished through a plastic infusion pipet, altered by attachment of a needle to its tip. When this technique was used, fetal age ranged from Day 50 to Day 65. The direct technique provided more control over needle placement and resulted in a higher success rate for aspiration of fetal fluid following single needle penetration (77 versus 50%). Both techniques were associated with rates of abortion (3/13 for the direct and 4/10 for the indirect) that were judged to preclude prospective use in diagnostic strategies for first trimester fetal wastage. Within the controlled study, the diagnostic quality of the aspirate was determined. It was concluded that the altered pipet technique provided aspirates that were of diagnostic, noncontaminated quality. Field use of fetal fluid aspiration following discovery of nonviable pregnancies by B-mode ultrasonography is discussed.
Leadership in Groups of School-Age Girls.

This study examined correlated and predictors of leadership in groups of school-age girls. Subjects were 304 4th-, 5th-, and 6th-grade girls enrolledin 16 Girl Scout troops. Measures of leadership included formal election, nomination by peers, and ratings by adults. Personal characteristics were assessed by adult ratings and peer nominations
Exploring the Pilot Reliability Certification Program and Changing Attitudes on Reducing Pilot Errors: Pilots Covered by Federal Aviation Regulations 91 and 135

The greatest opportunity to improve aviation safety is to focus on reducing human errors in the cockpit. This research evaluated whether there was knowledge gain and difference in attitudes toward reducing human error in the cockpit after implementation of the Pilot Reliability Certification (PRC) program at Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) 135 air carriers and FAR 91 corporate flight departments. The program is a human factors training curriculum focused on personal vulnerabilities to human error and countermeasures in support of aviation safety. Three levels of measurement were used: reactions to training, a knowledge test, and a modified version of the cockpit management attitudes questionnaire to assess attitude change. A mixed-method approach was used with quantitative data to measure knowledge gain and attitude change along with qualitative data to explore pilot reactions to the training. A quasi-experimental group (n = 41) that completed the 2-day course was compared with a control group (n = 62). The control group showed no significant improvement in attitude related to crew resource management skills or the PRC objectives. The quasi-experimental group had significantly improved attitudes and knowledge gain. Reaction to training was positive, with pilots citing a strengthened human factors knowledge base as the greatest benefit. They thought that the training differed from previous human factors training by being more detailed and in depth. After taking the course, pilots said that they would be more conscious of evaluating themselves, their flying partners, and their attitudes.
Rigid-plastic analysis for metal forming processes using a reproducing kernel particle method

Abstract This paper presents a rigid-plastic metal forming simulation using a meshfree method. With the use of a meshfree method, the domain of the workpiece is discretized by a set of particles without using structured meshes. This approach avoids mesh distortion difficulties which may occur during the course of large plastic deformation. The proposed method can be used in solving metal forming problems in which the elastic part of the strain is not important and can be neglected without a serious loss of accuracy. Since the rigid-plastic model is fast and numerically robust, the proposed method can be a good alternative to the elasto-plastic meshfree methods for metal forming problems. Numerical examples are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed method. A comparative study is also conducted to demonstrate consistency of the results from elasto-plastic and rigid-plastic simulations for a metal forming application.
The Relationship of Students' Personality Traits and Psychosocial Characteristics with Academic Retention.

This study investigated whether academic non-achievers differed from academic achievers in terms of their personal characteristics. A sample of 216 undergraduate students that were either enrolled in a college restoration program or part of a control group were administered the 16PF-5 Personality Questionnaire (Cattell, Cattell, & Cattell, 1993) and the College Student Questionnaire measuring five psychosocial factors. MANOVAs and independent t-tests revealed significant group differences for six of the primary personality traits, two global personality factors, and three psychosocial factors. Multiple regression analyses showed that time management served as a mediator of GPA with personality traits and psychosocial factors having direct and indirect moderating affects on time management.
Membrane Stress Proclivities in the Mammalian Labyrinth

Introduction The membranes of the inferior division of the labyrinth in some mammals appear more vulnerable to hydropic distention than those of the superior division. This finding in guinea pigs, cats, and humans has been attributed to the evidently thinner membranes with implied higher stress levels. Objective The objective of this study is to identify other configurational features, if any, that may contribute to membrane stress proclivity and therefore might act to augment or ameliorate stress in the several chambers of the membranous labyrinth. Methods Stress proclivity can be investigated using shell theory to analyze a geometric model of the labyrinthine membranes in mammals. Such an approach can provide the necessary mathematical descriptions of stress in each chamber of the labyrinth. Results Stress proclivity depends on three physical features: membrane thickness, radial size, and chamber shape. Lower stress proclivities are projected for smaller chambers with thick, highly synclastic membranes. Higher stress levels are projected for larger chambers with thin, flat, or anticlastic membranes. Conclusions In the mammalian labyrinth, pars superior chambers exhibit permutations of membrane thickness, size, and favorable shapes that reduce stress proclivity. In contrast, the pars inferior chambers are characterized by thin membranes with flat contours and adverse shapes that make them especially vulnerable to hydropic distention.
PERSONAL VS SOCIAL MOTIVATIONS OF UNDERGRADUATES FOR USING ALCOHOL

The personal vs social motivations for using alcohol were assessed for 109 undergraduates attending a midwestern technical university. Analysis indicated that alcohol was consumed more for social t...
Pharmacologic treatment of geriatric depression: key issues in interpreting the evidence.

OBJECTIVE: A framework for critical appraisal of antidepressant trial literature involving geriatric subjects is presented. Among older adults, treatment decisions are complicated by comorbid medical and cognitive illness, the variable course of recovery, and the overlap of depressive symptoms with other disease symptoms. Consumers of the literature on competing antidepressant therapies for older adults must consider disease and population-specific outcome assessment issues. DESIGN: An appraisal guide, adapted for geriatric depression, is developed from literature on methodological challenges of outcome assessment and published clinical trials comparing competing antidepressant therapies in older subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical utility of pharmacologic treatment of depression can be difficult to assess because depression scales in current use provide an important but limited perspective on treatment outcome and because the scales vary in actual content and ability to detect change. The use of indicators of function, independence, and self-perceived well-being as outcomes offers additional patient relevance and should be included. Key considerations involve (1) general characteristics: whether the depression outcome measure is valid and reproducible for the aged population under study, whether the outcome measure is sensitive to treatment-related change, and whether the time-frame of outcome assessment is appropriate for the treatment goal; (2) cognitive impairment: how subjects with dementia are assessed, and whether the impact of the intervention on caregivers and healthcare systems is considered as a relevant outcome; (3) pharmacologic issues: whether the comparator agent is a reasonable usual-care standard in the older adult and whether ascertainment for adverse effects is similar for all agents under study; and (4) broader general health status issues: whether functional or quality of life measures are used as outcome indicators.
Online counseling: The good, the bad, and the possibilities

Online counseling is becoming more and more pervasive. Some see this trend as positive while others are concerned with the quality and ethical issues related to providing counseling online. This article reviews the pros and cons of providing counseling services online, and whether practitioners and researchers are for or against such practice. It recognizes that it is not only occurring, but it also will likely increase in prevalence regardless of the potential drawbacks. The case is made that since it is here to stay, we should study the phenomenon because, good or bad, it provides a unique opportunity to study counseling and psychotherapy.
The impact of analyzing economic events on the learning of undergraduate economic theory

Abstract We look at the effect of having students read and respond to articles regarding economic events on the learning of economic theory in both Intermediate Microeconomics and Intermediate Macroeconomics. Having students apply theoretical material to real world situations has spillover effects into the learning of theoretical material itself. By assigning articles and measuring performance on midterm exams in four intermediate theory courses during the 2007–2008 academic year, we find that each additional article a student completed resulted in an improvement of approximately two and one-half to three percentage points on that exam.
Two cases of pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with unilateral pulmonary hyperinflation in infancy

Two infants with recurrent obstructive symptoms attracted attention because of massive radiologically detected unilateral pulmonary hyperinflation. Further diagnostic procedures including bronchoscopy, revealed a pulmonary tuberculosis with lymph nodes encroaching on the bronchi. Steady improvement of clinical symptoms and hyperinflation was noted under combined antituberculotic therapy including systemic steroids.
A 2DEG/low-temperature-grown GaAs dual channel heterostructure transistor

Abstract Dual channel transistor structures utilizing real-space-transfer (RST) offer the potential for fast switching and negative differential resistance. We have built a two channel heterostructure field effect transistor (FET) incorporating a modulation doped 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and a thin channel of low-temperature-grown GaAs containing As precipitates. The low mobility characteristic of low-temperature-grown GaAs provides a large mobility ratio, which is a prerequisite for a high speed, mobility modulation transistor utilizing RST. A series of dual channel FET structures with different channel lengths has been fabricated and characterized by capacitance-gate voltage, transconductance, and current-voltage measurement. These measurements, performed over a 77-300K temperature range, confirm the presence of two distinct channels separated by a 6nm AlAs layer, Carrier concentration versus depth was determined using a layer-by-layer depletion approximation. Mobility as a function of depth was then calculated using transconductance. A 2DEG/low-temperature-grown GaAs channel mobility ratio of 41 was measured at 77K.
Ovipositional response, developmental effects and toxicity of hexavalent chromium to Megaselia scalaris, a terrestrial detritivore.

The effects of hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) on ovipositional response, development, and survival of a common terrestrial detritivore, Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae), were assessed in the laboratory. Ovipositing females did not discriminate between substrates containing 0, 50, 500, or 1000 µg/g, indicating a lack of avoidance behavior. Eggs placed on artificial diets containing up to 1000 µg/g either did not absorb Cr VI or were unaffected as measured by eclosion rates. However, development and survival of larvae were significantly reduced at the higher concentrations tested. Concentrations of 500 µg/g in their food increased larval development times by nearly 65%. At 1000 µg/g, larval developmental times doubled. The time required from onset to completion of pupariation was not significantly different regardless of Cr VI concentration. Although males eclosed before females, there was no significant difference between the sexes in the time required for adult eclosion. In addition, there were no signifi- cant differences in the percentage of males and females emerging from any of the treatments. At concentrations of 500 or 1000 µg/g, Cr VI decreased larval survival. Survival was reduced by 44.3% at 500 µg/g as compared with the controls. There was no additional mortality from the onset of the puparial stage to adult eclosion for larvae fed diets containing 500 µg/g Cr VI. At 1000 µg/g Cr VI, larval survival decreased by 86.6%. An additional 7.4% mortality was recorded in the puparial stage, for a decrease in total survival (larval plus puparial stages) of 94%. Thus, nearly all of the observed mortality occurred during the larval stage rather than the puparial stage. The population level implications of lack of avoidance of contaminated food and the effects of increased developmental times and reduced survivorship are discussed.
Circuit model and full wave analysis of a compact wideband quadrature hybrid

A printed, compact, and wideband quadrature hybrid is simulated and fabricated by utilizing the multi-section technique for bandwidth enhancement and equivalent transmission line technique for size reduction. The compact quadrature hybrid has a size reduction of 50% as compared with the conventional quadrature hybrid. The compact hybrid achieves over 50% bandwidth at a centre frequency of 2 GHz. A circuit model and a full wave model are introduced and analyzed using Agilent Advanced design system. Excellent agreement between the simulated and the fabricated hybrid is achieved, which indicates that the circuit and full wave models are indeed a good representation of the fabricated compact wideband quadrature hybrid. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1650–1652, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22519
The Heparin/Heparan Sulfate 2-O-Sulfatase from Flavobacterium heparinum A STRUCTURAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ENZYME ACTIVE SITE AND SACCHARIDE SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY

In the previous paper (Myette, J. R., Shriver, Z., Claycamp, C., McLean, M. W., Venkataraman, G., and Sasisekharan, R. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 12157-12166), we described the molecular cloning, recombinant expression, and preliminary biochemical characterization of the heparin/heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfatase from Flavobacterium heparinum. In this paper, we extend our structure-function investigation of the 2-O-sulfatase. First, we have constructed a homology-based structural model of the enzyme active site, using as a framework the available crystallographic data for three highly related arylsulfatases. In this model, we have identified important structural parameters within the enzyme active site relevant to enzyme function, especially as they relate to its substrate specificity. By docking various disaccharide substrates, we identified potential structural determinants present within these substrates that would complement this unique active site architecture. These determinants included the position and number of sulfates present on the glucosamine, oligosaccharide chain length, the presence of a Delta4,5-unsaturated double bond, and the exolytic versus endolytic potential of the enzyme. The predictions made from our model provided a structural basis of substrate specificity originally interpreted from the biochemical and kinetic data. Our modeling approach was further complemented experimentally using peptide mapping in tandem with mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis to physically demonstrate the presence of a covalently modified cysteine (formylglycine) within the active site. This combinatorial approach of structure modeling and biochemical studies provides insight into the molecular basis of enzyme function.
Indirect fluorescence detection of aliphatic biogenic polyamines and diamines following chromatographic separation

Abstract A convenient, sensitive method has been developed for detecting aliphatic biogenic polyamines, 1,2-diamines and 1,3-diamines, following separation by HPLC. The method is based on a postcolumn, non-derivatization reaction using low cost reagents. The basis for this detection scheme is the fluorescence of l -tryptophan ( l -Trp), which is quenched in copper(II)– l -Trp complexes; the fluorescence of l -Trp recovers with the addition of analytes that have a greater copper(II) affinity, such as aliphatic polyamines, 1,2-diamines and 1,3-diamines. Thus, the presence of these compounds in the HPLC eluent can be inferred by monitoring the fluorescence of l -Trp. pH has a strong effect on this detection system and this is discussed in detail. The detection limits following HPLC separation are 5 and 10 pmol injected for spermine and spermidine, respectively, with linear response regions to 1000 pmol.
Quantitative Proteomics of the Archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis Validated by Microarray Analysis and Real Time PCR

For the archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis, a fully sequenced and annotated model species of hydrogenotrophic methanogen, we report validation of quantitative protein level expression ratios on a proteome-wide basis. Using an approach based on quantitative multidimensional capillary HPLC and quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry, coverage of gene expression approached that currently achievable with transcription microarrays. Comprehensive mass spectrometry-based proteomics and spotted cDNA arrays were used to compare global protein and mRNA levels in a wild-type (S2) and mutant strain (S40) of M. maripaludis. Using linear regression with 652 expression ratios generated by both the proteomic and microarray methods, a product moment correlation coefficient of 0.24 was observed. The correlation improved to 0.61 if only genes showing significant expression changes were included. A novel two-stage method of outlier detection was used for the protein measurements when Dixon's Q-test by itself failed to give satisfactory results. The log(2) transformations of the number of peptides or isotopic peptide pairs associated with each ORF, divided by the predicted molecular weight, were found to have moderately positive correlations with two bioinformatic predictors of gene expression based on codon bias. We detected peptides derived from 939 proteins or 55% of the genome coding capacity. Of these, 60 were overexpressed, and 34 were underexpressed in the mutant. Of the 1722 ORFs encoded in the genome, 1597 or 93% were probed by cDNA arrays. Of these, 50 were more highly expressed, and 45 showed lower expression levels in the mutant relative to the wild type. 15 ORFs were shown to be overexpressed by both methods, and two ORFs were shown to be overexpressed by proteomics and underexpressed by microarray.
Congestion reduction in traditional and new routing architectures

In dense integrated circuit designs, management of routing congestion is essential; an over congested design may be unroutable. Many factors influence congestion: placement, routing, and routing architecture all contribute. Previous work has shown that different placement tools can have substantially different demands for each routing layer; our objective is to develop methods that allow "tuning" of interconnect topologies to match routing resources.We focus on congestion minimization for both Manhattan and non-Manhattan routing architectures, and have two main contributions. First, we combine prior heuristics for non-Manhattan Steiner trees and Preferred Direction Steiner trees into a hybrid approach that can handle arbitrary routing directions, via minimization, and layer assignment of edges simultaneously. Second, we present an effective method to adjust Steiner tree topologies to match routing demand to resource, resulting in lower congestion and better routability.
Signal analysis of human brain function activation: effect of spatial registration noise in brain images

Human brain function is frequently being studied by subtracting two brain images of the same subject, one obtained while resting and the other one while his brain is activated by either a motor task, a cognitive activity, the effects of a medication, or drug abuse. The activation signal has noise induced both by the camera and the patient, i.e. daily metabolic variability, patient positioning errors, etc. The present methodology allows the determination of faint activation signals by finding sharper error bounds in the error induced in the signal by each separate source of noise in the image, combining them later for a final bound on the noise to assess the signal's statistical significance. Using simple concepts from numerical analysis and directional statistics, we present a general methodology to analyze the effect that spatial registration errors have on each pixel's signal to noise ratio. This approach to signal analysis is valid for most imaging modalities and registration methods. Experimental results are given for 48 subjects, using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) brain images spatially registered with the Centroidal Principal Axes registration method. >
Effects of oral administration of concentrated equine serum IgG to newborn foals on passive immunity

Abstract Thirteen newborn foals of Quarter Horse breeding were used to determine if oral administration of concentrated equine serum increases concentrations of IgG in foals allowed to naturally suckle colostrum. Foals were alternately assigned either to receive 300 ml of an oral equine serum IgG product or to serve as controls. Foals receiving the IgG product were given 150 ml orally at 10 hours and again at 12 hours after birth. All foals were allowed to suckle from their dams ad libitum . Jugular blood samples were obtained from foals at 10 hours and 24 hours of age for IgG determination. Colostrum samples from the dam were also obtained within 3 hours following parturition for determination of specific gravity. Plasma samples were analyzed for IgG level using a commercially available radial immunodiffusion kit. Oral administration of equine serum IgG had no significant effect on concentrations of plasma IgG in foals at 24 hours of age (p>.34). There was also no difference between control and treated foals in the rate of IgG absorption from 10-24 hours after birth (p>.34). In conclusion, oral administration of equine IgG to foals that ingest their dam's colostrum does not significantly increase concentrations of plasma IgG when compared to controls.
What the exercise of the SPICE source inversion validation BlindTest 1 did not tell you

SUMMARY Uncertainties of earthquake finite-fault inversions based upon strong motion data are investigated using the source inversion validation BlindTest 1 exercise of the SPICE (Seismic Wave Propagation and Imaging in Complex Media: A European Network) project, motivated by previous counterintuitive results. The distribution of slip and the shapes of asymmetric slip rate functions are simultaneously inverted by matching 10 or 33 broad-band three-component velocity waveforms within the period ranging from 0.02 to 2Hz, using a finite-fault method that carries out the waveform inversion in the wavelet domain. The effects of subfault size, data noise and the number of stations have been explored. Our results suggest: (1) Although there are inevitable discrepancies between the inverted model and the target model because of ignoring the spatial slip variations within individual subfaults, the fault slip and rise-time distributions can be well constrained even with the data including large Gaussian noise. (2) It is crucial for source studies to develop new inversion schemes that can properly honour the frequency- and time-dependent energy distribution of seismic radiation and data noise. For instance, inversions using the variance reduction function of velocity waveforms as the objective function have low sensitivities to the total seismic moment and peak slip. (3) Although the relative value of the objective function is guided in the inversion, the absolute value of the objective function cannot be used to evaluate the quality of an inverted model. (4) Because the source inversion is based on surface observations, the spatiotemporal resolution of source inversion is affected not only by the data quality but also by the earthquake itself. For vertical strike-slip faults, the along-strike resolution is better than that along the downdip direction.
Pectoralis Muscle Shortening and Rigor Development at Different Locations Within the Broiler Breast

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate differences in rigor development that occur as a function of location within the broiler breast muscles, pectoralis major (p. major) and pectoralis minor (p. minor). Three locations were evaluated, corresponding to anterior, middle, and posterior samples taken between the cranial and caudal ends of each muscle. Results of the first experiment indicated that the 1.55-μ sarcomere lengths of hot-boned p. major muscle at the anterior location were significantly shorter than those at the posterior location, which were 1.69 μ. Sarcomere lengths of p. minor were shorter than those of p. major in hot-boned muscles, but longer in those aged intact, indicating a significant muscle × treatment interaction. In the second experiment, the anterior location of hot-boned p. major reached the onset phase of rigor in about 1 h, whereas those at the posterior location required between 2 and 4 h postmortem. Between 1 and 8 h postmortem, sarcomere lengths for the anterior location of p. major were also significantly shorter than lengths in the posterior location, but the differences after 24 h were not significant. Samples at all locations of p. minor reached onset of rigor by 15 to 30 min postmortem, with no locational differences throughout the 24 h period of aging. The results of both experiments generally indicated differences between profiles of rigor development of the two muscles and between samples at different locations of the much larger and more complex p. major.
The nuclear receptor CAR (NR1I3) regulates serum triglyceride levels under conditions of metabolic stress

The nuclear receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) (NR1I3) regulates hepatic genes involved in xenobiotic detoxification as well as genes involved in energy homeostasis. We provide data that extend the role of CAR to regulation of serum triglyceride levels under conditions of metabolic/nutritional stress. The typically high serum triglyceride levels of ob/ob mice were completely normalized when crossed onto a Car−/− (mice deficient for the Car gene) genetic background. Moreover, increases in serum triglycerides observed after a high-fat diet (HFD) regime were not observed in Car−/− animals. Conversely, pharmacological induction of CAR activity using the selective mouse CAR agonist TCPOBOP during HFD feeding resulted in a CAR-dependent increase in serum triglyceride levels. A major regulator of hepatic fatty oxidation is the nuclear receptor PPARα (NR1C1). The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) target genes was inversely related to the activity of CAR. Consistent with these observations, Car−/− animals exhibited increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Treatment of mice with 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP) significantly decreased expression of PPARα mRNA as well as Cyp4a14, CPT1α, and cytosolic Acyl-CoA thioesterase (CTE) in the liver. These data have implications in disease therapy such as for diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
The Oxidation of Ferritic Stainless Steels in Simulated Solid-Oxide Fuel-Cell Atmospheres

The cyclic oxidation of a variety of chromia-forming ferritic stainless steels has been studied in the temperature range 700–900°C in atmospheres relevant to solid-oxide fuel-cell operation. The most detrimental environment at 800°C and 900°C was found to be air with 10% water vapor. This resulted in excessive oxide spallation or rapid scale growth. Impurities in the alloys, particularly Al and Si, were found to have a significant effect on the oxidation behavior. Oxide growth was slow at 700°C but the higher-Cr-content alloys were observed to form sigma-phase at this temperature. The sigma phase formation was accelerated by higher silicon contents, and remarkably, by the presence of water vapor in the exposure environment. Alloys containing Mn were observed to form an outer layer of MnCr2O4 over the chromia scale. The potential for this overlayer to suppress reactive evaporation of the chromia scales has been analyzed.
Lake-Level Reconstruction and Paleohydrology of Birch Lake, Central Alaska, Based on Seismic Reflection Profiles and Core Transects

Lake-level history for Birch Lake, Alaska, was reconstructed using seismic profiles and multiproxy sedimentary analyses including sedimentology, geochemistry, magnetic susceptibility, and palynology. Twenty-two seismic profiles (18 km total) and eight sediment cores taken from the lake margin to its depocenter at 13.5 m provide evidence for low lake stands during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Thirty-one AMS radiocarbon dates of macrofossils and pollen provide a century-scale chronology. Prior to 12,700 14C yr B.P., the lake, which now overflows, was either seasonally dry or desiccated for prolonged periods, indicating a severe period of aridity. Lake level rose more than 18 m between 12,700 and 12,200 14C yr B.P. before falling to 17 m below the level of overflow. Between 11,600 and 10,600 14C yr B.P. the water remained between 14 and 17 m below the overflow level. Onlap sedimentary sequences were formed during a transgression phase between 10,600 and 10,000 14C yr B.P. Between 10,000 and about 8800 14C yr B.P. the lake was between 6 and 9 m below the overflow level. Lake level again rose, approaching the overflow level, between 8800 and 8000 14C yr B.P. Seismic and core evidence of minor erosional events suggest lowstands of 2–6 m until 4800 14C yr B.P. There have been no prolonged periods of lake-level depression since that time. The major restructuring of the climate system during deglaciation evidently generated a complex set of fluctuations in effective moisture in interior Alaska, which likely affected eolian processes and vegetation development, as well as lake levels.
Aqueous Processing of Mullite‐Containing Green Sheets

An aqueous-based slurry for tape-casting mullite sheets was studied that is suitable for electronic packaging. A latex binder was used to attain the necessary organic content in the tape while maintaining a low slurry viscosity. The colloidal stability of these complex slurries was characterized by electrokinetic sonic amplitude (ESA) measurements and sedimentation experiments. Control of dispersion stability required the addition of a polyelectrolyte. Suitability of the aqueous-based tapes for multilayer packaging was evaluated by measuring deformation during lamination and by optimizing conditions such that binder loading and total deformation were minimized.
American College of Medical Genetics Statement on Diagnostic Testing for Uniparental Disomy

American College of Medical Genetics Statement on Diagnostic Testing for Uniparental Disomy
A fast recursive pruned DCT for image compression applications

This paper presents a recursive algorithm for computing the pruned DCT with a structure that allows the generation of the next higher order pruned DCT from two identical lower order pruned DCTs. The implementation of the proposed algorithm does not require bit-reversal shuffling, coefficient inversions or divisions. To illustrate the usefulness of the proposed recursive pruned DCT algorithm, we utilizes it to compress images using the JPEG algorithm. The proposed pruned DCT algorithm improves the compression ratio and reduces both the complexity and execution time of the modified JPEG algorithm.
Seismic stratigraphy of Detroit Seamount, Hawaiian‐Emperor seamount chain: Post‐hot‐spot shield‐building volcanism and deposition of the Meiji drift

[1] Detroit Seamount, one of the northernmost seamounts of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, was formed at ca. 76 Ma. New seismic data suggest renewed volcanism as late as 25 m.y. after initial seamount formation. We use high-resolution single-channel seismic (SCS) data acquired over the summit of Detroit Seamount in 2001 on Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 197, supplemented by older SCS data acquired as part of the GLORIA mapping program of the U.S. Geological Survey, to characterize the seismic stratigraphy of Detroit Seamount. Volcanic edifices occur on the summit of the seamount and are older than the oldest beds of the Meiji drift (early Oligocene: ca. 34 Ma). On the basis of ash layers in ODP drill holes, we suggest the edifices were active throughout much of the Eocene (ca. 52–34 Ma), with activity possibly extending into the early Oligocene (<34 Ma). Hence the age difference between the shield-building lavas and the postshield cones on Detroit is far greater than the shield/postshield age differences observed on the Hawaiian Islands, suggesting that renewed volcanic activity and tectonic collapse may be possible on any of the Hawaiian Islands. We confirm earlier assertions that the thick sediment cap, Oligocene and younger in age, was deposited by an ocean-bottom current with a southeastward flow direction, along the northeast facing flank of the Emperor Seamount chain. This sediment cap, the Meiji drift, was deposited by a lower-velocity current than many other sediment drifts. A low-angle normal fault, dipping ∼19°, suggests topographic collapse of Detroit seamount sometime during the Eocene or late Cretaceous.
Relationship of Tobacco Use to Depressive Disorders and Suicidality Among Patients Treated for Alcohol Dependence

This population-based, retrospective cohort study examined the association of tobacco use and diagnosis of a depressive disorder (DD) and suicide attempts (SA) before and after discharge from an inpatient addiction program (IAP). All 813 Olmsted County, Minnesota residents (537 males, 276 females) admitted for the first time to the IAP for treatment of alcoholism during the period 1972-1983 were studied. Tobacco use status at admission was classified as ever (current or former use) (85.5%), never (8.6%), or missing (5.9%). Subjects were followed through 1994. Current or former use of tobacco was markedly lower among those with a prior diagnosis of DD than those without this diagnosis (73.6% vs. 89.3%, p<0.001). Although females were more likely to have a diagnosis of DD and were less likely to have ever used tobacco than males, gender did not explain the relationship between tobacco use and DD. Tobacco use status was unrelated to a DD diagnosis after discharge from the IAP and was not associated with SA.
Infinite power series

The creation, manipulation and evaluation of univariate infinite power series is discussed. Unlike truncated power series, which store the first n terms of an expansion, infinite power series create a procedure for calculating a general term, and are thus a formal representation of the entire expansion. No term is calculated until it is actually needed. All results may be saved along with the environment in which they were evaluated in order to prevent repeated calculation. Laurent expansion is used, and expansion in rational powers is allowed to expand expressions containing poles and branch points. The formulas applicable to the manipulation of these extended series forms are presented. The system is implemented in MODE-REDUCE with infinite power series a new data type, or mode, which allows interfacing with the usual algebraic operators including substitution, differentiation, and integration. A series may also be inverted. Examples of the capabilities and use of the system are presented.
Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in mid‐latitudes

[1] Arctic amplification (AA) – the observed enhanced warming in high northern latitudes relative to the northern hemisphere – is evident in lower-tropospheric temperatures and in 1000-to-500 hPa thicknesses. Daily fields of 500 hPa heights from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis are analyzed over N. America and the N. Atlantic to assess changes in north-south (Rossby) wave characteristics associated with AA and the relaxation of poleward thickness gradients. Two effects are identified that each contribute to a slower eastward progression of Rossby waves in the upper-level flow: 1) weakened zonal winds, and 2) increased wave amplitude. These effects are particularly evident in autumn and winter consistent with sea-ice loss, but are also apparent in summer, possibly related to earlier snow melt on high-latitude land. Slower progression of upper-level waves would cause associated weather patterns in mid-latitudes to be more persistent, which may lead to an increased probability of extreme weather events that result from prolonged conditions, such as drought, flooding, cold spells, and heat waves.
A review of high-temperature electronics technology and applications

Electronics that must operate at extreme temperatures present a unique set of challenges that must be carefully addressed. We review the applications that are calling for high temperature electronics, discuss some of the underlying problems with standard technology, and examine the established and emerging technologies that provide solutions to engineers who wish to design high-temperature electronic systems.
Optical Properties of One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Arrays of Plasmonic Nanostructures

This Feature Article describes research on the optical properties of arrays of silver and gold nanoparticles, particles that exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances in the visible and near-infrared. These resonances lead to strong absorption and scattering of light that is strongly dependent on nanoparticle size and shape. When arranged into multidimensional arrays, the nanoparticles strongly interact such that the collective properties can be rationally designed by changing the dimensions of the array (one-, two-, or three-dimensional), interparticle spacing, and array shape or morphology. Emerging from this work is a large body of literature focusing on one-, two-, and three-dimensional arrays, which provide unique opportunities for realizing materials with interesting and unusual photonic and metamaterial properties. Electrodynamics theory provides an accurate description of the optical properties, often based on simple models such as coupled dipoles, effective medium theory, and anomalous diffrac...
VCAM-1-induced inwardly rectifying K+current enhances Ca2+ entry in human THP-1 monocytes

Hyperpolarization in human leukemia THP-1 monocytes adherent to vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 is due to an induction of inwardly rectifying K+ currents (I ir) (Colden-Stanfield M and Gal...
The Furcopleural Muscles of Lepidoptera

Despite reports to the contrary, furcopleural muscles are characteristically present in the pterothorax of Lepidoptera. This paper outlines the main distribution of such muscles among insects, and discusses general features of their function and structural variation. Attention is called to peculiarities in the arrangement of these muscles in Lepidoptera.
Design and fabrication of 3D high-contrast metastructure THz cage waveguides

We have designed new THz metastructure waveguides on Si wafers, aimed for low propagation loss and integration with Si-based integrated circuits. The waveguide has a round cross-sectional hollow-core, surrounded by high reflectioncladding- walls formed by high-contrast metastructure gratings. We developed a new fabrication technique to fabricate such a 3D metastructure cage waveguide structure. The waveguide is built using the entire wafer thickness which involves deep Si etching of periodically spaced holes and using isotropic undercut etching to create a connecting a line of etched spheres in the middle of the wafer to form the waveguide’s hollow core, then deep etch the high-contrast grating through the entire wafer thickness to form the cladding for the waveguide. We have successfully modeled and fabricated such a waveguide structure. The next step is to experimentally test and characterize the waveguide in the THz spectrum range.
Inhibitors of LSD1 as a potential therapy for acute myeloid leukemia.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Epigenetic dysregulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Alterations in histone methylation lead to aberrant silencing of expression of multiple genes involved in tumor suppression and cell cycling, resulting in myeloid maturation arrest and proliferation of early myeloid progenitors. One promising approach targeting chromatin regulatory proteins is inhibition of lysine specific demethylase-1 (LSD1), an enzyme responsible for demethylation of histone H3 as well as other functionsAreas covered: Available literature on LSD1 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis was identified in PubMed and reviewed. Areas addressed here include the biology of LSD1, pharmacologic inhibitors, and preclinical data supporting the rationale for LSD1 inhibition in AML therapy.Expert opinion: LSD1 inhibitors represent a promising novel epigenetic approach for AML therapy. Preclinical studies have revealed that pharmacologic LD1 inhibitors function primarily by alteri...
K: A wide spectrum language for modeling, programming and analysis

The formal methods community has over the years proposed various formally founded specification languages based on predicate logic and set theory, typically with textual notations. At the same time the model-based engineering community has proposed often less formally founded languages such as UML and SysML, typically with graphical notations. Although the graphical notations have become highly popular in industry, we argue that textual notations can be attractive in many situations. We report on an effort to provide a textual notation for SysML, realized in a language named K. K supports classes, multiple inheritance, predicate logic and set theory. K contains programming constructs, and can thus be considered as a wide-spectrum modeling and programming language. We further explain the translation of a subset of this language to the input language of the SMT-LIB standard, and the application of Z3 for analysis of the generated SMT-LIB formulas. The entire effort is part of a larger effort to develop a general purpose SysML development framework for designing systems, in support of NASA's proposed 2022 mission to Jupiter's moon Europa.
Characteristic of psychological disorders in inpatients with coronary artery disease

Objective:To investigate the psychological disorders in inpatients with coronary artery disease.Methods:Using symptom checklist-90(SCL-90) assessing the psychological disorders in 232 inpatients with coronary artery disease(CAD group) and compared with normal adult norm.Results:Total scores in CAD patients were higher than that of normal adult norm(P0.05),especially in somatization,anxiety,phobic anxiety,paranoid ideation,psychotics(P0.05~0.01).However,obsessive-compulsive,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,hostility had no significant difference between two groups.The scores of interpersonal sensitivity,phobic anxiety,paranoid ideation in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI group) were more than those of patients with coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG group),P0.05;there were no difference between two groups in somatization,obsessive-compulsive,depression,anxiety,psychosis(P0.05).Conclusion:Inpatients with coronary artery disease indeed have some psychologic disorders.The psychologic disorder of PCI group is more than those of CABG group.