cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INFERTILITY: A Clinical Guide for the Internist

Studies have identified an increased demand for use of infertility services in the United States. 66 Although infertility has become more prevalent, this reported rise in infertility patient visits also stems from an increase in the number of physicians providing these services. 40 66 A decreased number of adoptable infants and increased public awareness have also increased demand for infertility services. 94 Primary care physicians are being increasingly challenged to evaluate, treat, or refer infertile couples in a managed care arena that may limit or even exclude these services.
Total Wiring Length Minimization of C. elegans Neural Network: A Constrained Optimization Approach

Using the most recent data on the connectivity of the C. elegans neural network, we find optimal two-dimensional positions of interneurons that minimize the total wiring length provided that the positions of motor and sensory neurons are fixed. The rationale behind fixing motor and sensory neurons is the following: while positions of motor and sensory neurons can be influenced by the locations of muscles and sensory organs they are attached to, the main function of interneurons is to connect other neurons, and their placement could try to minimize the wiring length. Solutions for l1, l2 and squared l2-norm were obtained. For the Euclidean norm l2, the relative and absolute difference between the real and optimal total wiring lengths is minimal among these functions of distance. Additional network constraints were discussed such as assignment of different weights to electrical or chemical connections, fixation of "tail" interneurons, minimal interneural distance limitation, and others. These constraints were compared by their influence on the optimal positions of interneurons.
Problems of Transference and Countertransference

A younger adolescent unable to control her self-destructive acting-out behavior may come to view her psychotherapist as extremely powerful. Seeing her therapist as powerful and capable of controlling her helps the girl limit her behavior. She can, to some extent, ease her fears of becoming out of control. It is as if her magical, omnipotent therapist will take care of her and protect her from her own hostile and self-destructive impulses, even when the therapist is not around. After such a transference has developed, the amount of acting out actually does diminish. The girl acts out less because she feels that her therapist is preventing her from doing so; or, knowing that her therapist disapproves of certain behavior, she fears he or she will find out and “do something.” It is usually not clear just what her therapist will “do” about the behavior, but the psychotherapist is usually seen as an awesome but benevolent controller.
Reflex bronchodilation produced by phasic ventilation of the lungs

The primary purpose of this work was to demonstrate whether oscillation of tracheal pressure in the range of normal breathing frequencies is more effective than static lung inflation in producing reflex bronchodilation. Secondarily, studies were conducted to determine a single factor that would integrate the reflex bronchodilator effects of frequency and tidal volume. Dogs were anesthetized and placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. After tracheal tone had been reflexly enhanced by chemoreceptor stimulation, oscillatory patterns of ventilation were produced around static pressure lung inflations of approximately 5.0 mmHg. The reflex bronchodilation produced by oscillation of lung volume was compared with that produced by static pressure lung inflation. Reflex bronchodilation produced by oscillation of lung volume was greater than that produced by static pressure inflation of the lungs and was strongly related to the maximum first time derivative of pressure (dP/dt, mmHg/s) observed, irrespective of whether the changes in the maximum dP/dt were produced by changes in the frequency or amplitude of the oscillations of tracheal pressure.
ARL Libraries and Research: Correlates of Grant Funding

Abstract While providing the resources and tools that make advanced research possible is a primary mission of academic libraries at large research universities, many other elements also contribute to the success of the research enterprise, such as institutional funding, staffing, labs, and equipment. This study focuses on members of the Association for Research Libraries (ARL) in the United States. Research success is measured by the total grant funding received by the University, creating an ordered set of categories. Combining data from the NSF's National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, ARL Statistics, and IPEDS, the primary explanatory factors for research success are examined. Using linear regression, logistic regression, and the cumulative logit model, the best-fitting models generated by ARL data, NSF data, and the combined data set for both nominal and per capita funding are compared. These models produce the most relevant explanatory variables for research funding, which do not include library-related variables in most cases.
Abstract 345: Inadequate Coupling between Ubiquitination and the Proteasome is a Major Pathogenic Factor of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Targeted removal of damaged/misfolded proteins is primarily done by the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS). Generally, the UPS degrades a protein molecule via two main steps: ubiquitination of the protein and subsequent degradation of the ubiquitinated protein by the proteasome. The two steps are not always directly coupled. The proteasome can directly uptake nearby polyubiquitinated proteins via its Ub receptor subunits but extra-proteasomal Ub receptors may be required for shuttling the remote substrates to the proteasome for degradation. We have previously demonstrated that UPS function is impaired during acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and this impairment plays a major role in I/R injury due to failure to timely remove damaged/misfolded proteins. The molecular underpinnings of UPS impairment in I/R injury remains poorly understood. This study shows an important role of Ubiquilin1, a bona fide extra-proteasomal Ub receptor, in cardiac ubiquitination-proteasome coupling during I/R. Mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted knockout of the Ubiquilin1 gene (CR-Ubqln1KO) or with Ubiquilin1 overexpression (Ubqln1OE) were subject to myocardial I/R created via left anterior descending artery ligation (for 30min) and subsequent release (for 24hr). The I/R induced decline of left ventricular maximum dP/dt, elevation of minimum dP/dt, and infarct size were significantly greater in CR-Ubqln1KO mice, and conversely, were markedly attenuated in Ubqln1OE mice, compared with their littermates with a respective control genotype. The accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in I/R myocardium was increased by CR-Ubqln1KO and reduced by Ubqln1OE. Furthermore, in cultured cardiomyocytes, Ubqln1OE was able to enhance the degradation of a surrogate UPS substrate as well as a bona fide misfolded protein linked to human proteinopathy. These exciting new findings demonstrate for the first time that inadequate coupling between ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation hinders the degradation of damaged proteins in I/R myocardium and represents a major pathogenic factor to acute I/R injury. It is also suggested that facilitating the coupling is potentially a novel therapeutic strategy for reducing I/R injury.
A Geostationary Air Quality Monitoring Platform for Africa

African populations and economies are growing rapidly, but there are few surface observations to monitor the effects on air quality. Trend analysis of the 19-year record of space-based observations from remote sensors onboard low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites shows that anthropogenic pollution is on the rise. Conversely, biomass burning, the largest contributor to surface ozone, is declining. UV-visible instruments on LEO satellites with daily resolution have provided invaluable constraints on sources, evolution, and transport of air pollution in Africa. Sensors in geostationary orbit (GEO) with hourly resolution and a smaller ground pixel than current and past fleets of LEO satellites would further our understanding of air quality in Africa and address the dearth of surface monitoring sites on the continent. Africa has successfully launched Earth observation platforms to retrieve satellite imagery and should expand its remote sensing capabilities by joining the northern hemisphere constellation of GEO Earth observation satellites.
SOURCES OF GLOBAL CLIMATE DATA AND VISUALIZATION PORTALS

A BSTRACT.—Climate is integral to the geophysical foundation upon which ecosystems are structured. Knowledge about mechanistic linkages between the geophysical and biological environments is essential for understanding how global warming may reshape contemporary ecosystems and ecosystem services. Numerous global data sources spanning several decades are available that document key geophysical metrics such as temperature and precipitation, and metrics of primary biological production such as vegetation phenology and ocean phytoplankton. This paper provides an internet directory to portals for visualizing or servers for downloading many of the more commonly used global datasets, as well as a description of how to write simple computer code to efficiently retrieve these data. The data are broadly useful for quantifying relationships between climate, habitat availability, and lower-trophic-level habitat quality – especially in arctic regions where strong seasonality is accompanied by intrinsically high year-to-year variability. If defensible linkages between the geophysical (climate) and the biological environment can be established, general circulation model (GCM) projections of future climate conditions can be used to infer future biological responses. Robustness of this approach is, however, complicated by the number of direct, indirect, or interacting linkages involved. For example, response of a predator species to climate change will be influenced by the responses of its prey and competitors, and so forth throughout a trophic web. The complexities of ecological systems warrant sensible and parsimonious approaches for assessing and establishing the role of natural climate variability in order to substantiate inferences about the potential effects of global warming. Received 12 October 2011, accepted 28 October 2011.
How Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors, the kinase PKA, and the phosphatase PP2B are intertwined in synaptic LTP and LTD

Both synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are thought to be critical for memory formation. Dell’Acqua and co-workers now demonstrate that transient postsynaptic incorporation of Ca2+-permeable (CP) α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) is required for LTD in the exemplary hippocampal CA1 region in 2-week-old mice. Mechanistically, LTD depends on AKAP150-anchored protein kinase A (PKA) to promote the initial functional recruitment of CP-AMPARs during LTD induction and on AKAP150-anchored protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B) to trigger their subsequent removal as part of the lasting depression of synaptic transmission.
The F-Actin Binding Protein TRIOBP-1 Regulates hERG K+ Channels

The voltage-gated potassium channel hERG (human ether-a-go-go-related gene) is the primary pore-forming subunit of the rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium channel current (IKr) in the heart. The physiological role of cardiac IKr is the repolarization of the ventricular action potential. Although it is known that certain genetic mutations of hERG, or acquired conditions such as hypokalemia, can affect IKr, our understanding of the specific protein-protein interactions underlying hERG regulation are not well known. The cytoplasmic C-terminal portion of hERG was previously used to conduct a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human cardiac library for proteins that could regulate hERG channel function, localization, stability, and relative surface expression. This screen identified TRIOBP-1, an F-actin binding protein associated with cytoskeletal dynamics, as a putative hERG interacting protein. Here, we tested for a direct functional interaction between TRIOBP-1 and hERG channels using a combination of whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology, Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements, and biochemical methods. In a HEK293 cell line stably expressing hERG (HEK293-hERG), expression of TRIOBP-1 reduced hERG mean peak tail current density by 50% relative to pcDNA3 controls. Western blotting of HEK293-hERG cells showed a clear reduction in hERG signal of both the mature fully-glycosylated form destined for the plasma membrane and the immature core-glycosylated form when TRIOBP-1 was expressed. FRET analysis revealed robust FRET between TRIOBP-1-CFP and the cytoplasmic C-terminal portion of hERG (hERG1a#666-1159-Citrine), suggesting a direct and specific interaction between TRIOBP-1 and hERG channels. Expressing TRIOBP-1 in cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluriopotent stem cells reduced native IKr relative to pcDNA3 controls. Together, these experiments provide evidence that hERG channels and cardiac IKr are regulated by a direct interaction with TRIOBP-1.
Electrical properties of wood colonized by Gloeophyllum trabeum

Abstract This paper examines how wood decay fungi affect the electrical resistance (resistivity) of wood to determine whether an electrical resistance probe could be deployed as a remote sensor in a wall to detect wood decay. Electrical resistance measurements were taken on wood blocks exposed to Gloeophyllum trabeum in a standard soil bottle tests (AWPA E10) as a function of time. To understand how and why resistance changed with time, results were compared against resistance measurements taken in sterilized, un-inoculated wood at high moisture contents; concentrations of certain mineral ions in the wood were also measured. Results indicate that most of the changes in electrical resistance in the soil bottle test could be described by changes in moisture content alone. When the moisture effects were removed, decay fungi decreased the resistance at small amounts of weight loss but increased the resistance at high weight loss. The results presented herein help to explain the mechanism by which empirical, electrical resistance nondestructive testing devices work and also the limitations on using resistance measurements to detect wood decay.
Comparison of the Sensitivity to Foreign Particle Ingestion of the GE-F101 and P/W-F100 Engines to Modern Aircraft Engines

The work described in this paper utilizes dust ingestion experimental results obtained using three Pratt/Whitney F-100, two GE F-101, one Pratt/Whitney J-57, and three Pratt/Whitney TF-33 military engines and two different combustor rigs (one utilizing a sector of the Pratt/Whitney F-100 annular combustor and the other utilizing an Allison T-56 can combustor) to scale results so that these previous experiments can be used to approximate the response of more current aircraft engines to foreign particle ingestion. Modern engines experience a combination of compression system erosion and material deposition in the combustor and on the high-pressure turbine inlet vanes (and rotor blade complications) whereas the older engines (P/W TF-33 and J-57) experienced primarily an erosion problem as a result of the lower turbine inlet temperatures. As part of the results presented in this paper the scaled estimates of material accumulation and component degradation have been compared to documented in-flight ash encounters, specifically KLM Flight 867, British Airways Flight 009, Qantas Flight 370, and a NASA scientific research flight. The results of the study allow one to make estimates of the time to initial issues for the RR RB-211, the GE CF-6, the GE/Snecma CFM-56, and the P/W JT9-D engines encountering dust clouds of specific concentration. Current engine certification procedures do not require any specific test condition that would approach the engine issues described in this paper.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
The Mortgaging of Persia (1872–1896)

War and unfettered government expenditure each in its own way drains the national treasury; each, in most cases, is a prime cause of underdevelopment. The offensive and defensive wars fought by Persian rulers against foreigners and among themselves could not have been an enriching experience, costing as they did the country a great toll in human suffering and fiscal ruin. Governmental expenditures, symbolized in pomp and circumstance, opulent palaces, and lavish undertakings, too, cost a good penny. None of these was exclusive to Qajar rulers, and yet it seems that the Qajar kings have received the disproportionate share of the blame for squandering Persia’s wealth. Fathali Shah’s avarice is said to have made him susceptible to overtures by foreign entrepreneurs and money lenders, particularly the British and Russian governments and their enterprising subjects. In the case of Naser ed-Din Shah, it is said that the monopolies granted to foreigners were “just to enrich the Shah and pay for his trips to Europe.”1
Thinking History Globally: Theory in Practice. Argentina under Perón (1946–1955), Thinking Globally a National History

Globalization is all about transcending boundaries that are economic, political, linguistic, cultural, and regional, and in order to think globally about history, we need to move beyond these boundaries too. Contemporary historiography offers 12 distinct branches defined precisely by their particular transcendence of boundaries. The list of 12 branches can be collapsed into four main categories, each standing for the four main strategies for global thinking applied by these branches. By way of a concrete case study, this chapter defines and exemplifies each of these four main strategies for global thinking and the 12 branches subsumed by them. Argentina under Juan Domingo Peron (1946–1955) is a case study typically framed within the boundaries of national history; however, in the following thought experiment, this case provides a platform for exemplifying the strategies and branches for thinking history globally. Moreover, readers will see firsthand how global thinking brings history out of the national box.
CNS Irradiation Effects on Puberty and Growth

The relation between age at irradiation, sex, and age at puberty onset was determined in 36 children treated with high-dose irradiation for tumors anatomically distant from the hypothalamic-pituitary region at the New York University Medical Center, St Luke’s/Roosevelt Hospital, and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.
Sensitivity of Numerical Weather Forecasts to Initial Soil Moisture Variations in CFSv2

AbstractWhen initial soil moisture is perturbed among ensemble members in the operational NWS global forecast model, surface latent and sensible fluxes are immediately affected much more strongly, systematically, and over a greater area than conventional land–atmosphere coupling metrics suggest. Flux perturbations are likewise transmitted to the atmospheric boundary layer more formidably than climatology-based metrics would indicate. Impacts are not limited to the traditional land–atmosphere coupling hot spots, but extend over nearly all ice-free land areas of the globe. Key to isolating this effect is that initial atmospheric states are identical among quantities correlated, pinpointing soil moisture and snow cover. A consequence of this high sensitivity is that significant positive impacts of realistic land surface initialization on the skill of deterministic near-surface temperature and humidity forecasts are also immediate and nearly universal during boreal spring and summer (the period investigated) ...
On Fiber Alignment Using Fluid-Dynamic Forces:

A simple approach to the alignment of short fibers moving in an air stream was explored, in which transverse air jets acted to alter main stream velocity and direction in a desired manner. An appro...
New Nursing Graduates' Self-Efficacy Ratings and Urinary Catheterization Skills in a High-Fidelity Simulation Scenario

Abstract Background Transition to practice is a major concern for nurse educators, health care executives, and new nursing graduates. The disparity of nurse educators' and leaders' perceptions regarding new graduates' abilities to perform procedural skills may lead to patient harm. Pay for performance, quality indicators, and decreased reimbursement related to catheter-associated urinary tract infections have increased the need for competency validation. Methods A quantitative method with a descriptive correlational design provided information about the relationship of self-efficacy of the new nursing graduate and competency in urinary catheterization. Following a self-efficacy inquiry, a high-fidelity simulation was conducted for individual evaluation of the psychomotor skill of urinary catheterization. Results Analysis with nonparametric statistics for correlation indicated a lack of statistical significance (p > .05) between self-efficacy and competency in the psychomotor skill of urinary catheterization. Conclusions This study indicates that there is a need for validating competency in psychomotor skills within the context of a simulated patient care situation. The appropriate use of high-fidelity simulation may include incorporating self-efficacy measurements with an objective evaluation of psychomotor abilities to improve patient outcomes while increasing the accountability of the nurse.
Hayek's Price Fan Simile: Roundaboutness, the Proliferation of Prices, and the Economy of Knowledge

Friedrich Hayek’s research focus shifted from a formal analysis of the capital structure in the early 1930s to the study of the economy of knowledge in 1945. He never, as it is too often said, abandoned economics. The abandonment narrative impedes understanding of Austrian economics generally and Hayek’s works more specifically. Toward correcting the false narrative, we explore connections between his 1945 thesis and the price fan simile he set out in 1931 to facilitate understanding of the role played by emerging input prices as more capitalistic methods of production are adopted. Expanding on the price fan simile, we also seek to deepen the understanding of the allocative marvel that prices achieve in the free market system, and, consequently, the utter impracticality of using socialist calculation in place of the free market.
Effect of glass transition on the shrinkage of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) during hot air convective drying

Abstract Understanding the properties of a biomaterial such as seaweed is important for retaining product quality and improving shelf life through optimized post-harvest processing. An aquacultured sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) was investigated to determine the effects of glass transition on the shrinkage of dried products. Freeze dried samples of varying moisture content were analyzed for glass transition and freezing point using a differential scanning calorimeter. An image processing algorithm was used for analyzing shrinkage while drying. Drying kinetics were studied at 40 and 70 °C, 10 m/s air velocity and at relative humidity of 25, 50 and 80%. When the drying temperature was 70 °C, above Tg, the shrinkage rate was greater, exhibiting higher matrix mobility in the rubbery state. The glass transition, freezing lines and moisture sorption isotherm can be utilized to extend the shelf-life of both low and high moisture sugar kelp and provide guidelines for other species of seaweed.
A morphometric assessment of type I Chiari malformation above the McRae line: A retrospective case-control study in 302 adult female subjects.

Abstract Purpose Type I Chiari malformation (CMI) is a radiologically-defined structural dysmorphism of the hindbrain and posterior cranial fossa (PCF). Traditional radiographic identification of CMI relies on the measurement of the cerebellar tonsils in relation to the foramen magnum with or without associated abnormalities of the neuraxis. The primary goal of this retrospective study was to comprehensively assess morphometric parameters above the McRea line in a group of female CMI patients and normal controls. Material and methods Twenty-nine morphological measurements were taken on 302 mid-sagittal MR images of adult female CMI patients (n = 162) and healthy controls (n = 140). All MR images were voluntarily provided by CMI subjects through an online database and control participant images were obtained through the Human Connectome Project and a local hospital system. Results Analyses were performed on the full dataset of adult female MR images and a restricted dataset of 229 participants that were equated for age, race, and body mass index. Eighteen group differences were identified in the PCF area that we grouped into three clusters; PCF structures heights, clivus angulation, and odontoid process irregularity. Fourteen group differences persisted after equating our CMI and control groups on demographic characteristics. Conclusion PCF structures reliably differ in adult female CMI patients relative to healthy controls. These differences reflect structural abnormalities in the osseous and soft tissue structures of the clivus, odontoid process, and cerebellum. Clinical and pathophysiological implications are discussed.
Zero-power infrared digitizers based on plasmonically enhanced micromechanical photoswitches.

Infrared light of specific wavelength triggers a passive microsystem capable of producing a digitized output bit. State-of-the-art sensors use active electronics to detect and discriminate light1,2,3, sound4,5, vibration6,7 and other signals8,9. They consume power constantly, even when there is no relevant data to be detected, which limits their lifetime and results in high costs of deployment and maintenance for unattended sensor networks. Here we propose a device concept that fundamentally breaks this paradigm—the sensors remain dormant with near-zero power consumption until awakened by a specific physical signature associated with an event of interest. In particular, we demonstrate infrared digitizing sensors that consist of plasmonically enhanced micromechanical photoswitches (PMPs) that selectively harvest the impinging electromagnetic energy in design-defined spectral bands of interest, and use it to create mechanically a conducting channel between two electrical contacts, without the need for any additional power source. Our zero-power digitizing sensor prototypes produce a digitized output bit (that is, a large and sharp off-to-on state transition with an on/off conductance ratio >1012 and subthreshold slope >9 dec nW–1) when exposed to infrared radiation in a specific narrow spectral band (∼900 nm bandwidth in the mid-infrared) with the intensity above a power threshold of only ∼500 nW, which is not achievable with any existing photoswitch technologies.
Activator Protein-1: redox switch controlling structure and DNA-binding.

The transcription factor, activator protein-1 (AP-1), binds to cognate DNA under redox control; yet, the underlying mechanism has remained enigmatic. A series of crystal structures of the AP-1 FosB/JunD bZIP domains reveal ordered DNA-binding regions in both FosB and JunD even in absence DNA. However, while JunD is competent to bind DNA, the FosB bZIP domain must undergo a large conformational rearrangement that is controlled by a ‘redox switch’ centered on an inter-molecular disulfide bond. Solution studies confirm that FosB/JunD cannot undergo structural transition and bind DNA when the redox-switch is in the ‘OFF’ state, and show that the mid-point redox potential of the redox switch affords it sensitivity to cellular redox homeostasis. The molecular and structural studies presented here thus reveal the mechanism underlying redox-regulation of AP-1 Fos/Jun transcription factors and provide structural insight for therapeutic interventions targeting AP-1 proteins.
Speech recognition error analysis on the English MALACH corpus.

This paper presents an analysis of the word recognition error rate on an English subset of the MALACH corpus. The MALACH project is an NSF-funded research program related to the development of multilingual access to large audio archives. The archive of interest is a large collection of testimonies from 52,000 survivors, liberators, rescuers and witnesses of the Nazi Holocaust, assembled by the Shoah Visual History Foundation. This data has some unique characteristics that make it quite unusual in the speech recognition community such as elderly speech, noisy conditions, heavily accented speech. Hence, it is a challenging task for automatic speech recognition (ASR). This paper attempts to identify the factors affecting the ASR performance on that task. It was found that the signal-to-noise ratio and syllable rate were two dominant factors in explaining the overall word error rate, while we observed no evidence of the impact of accent and speaker’s age on the recognition performance. Based on this evidence, noise compensation experiments were carried out and led to a 1.1% absolute reduction of the word error rate.
Deletion Mutants of Paramyxoviruses

Defective-interfering (DI) particles represent a class of virus deletion mutants that require coinfecting, nondefective, homologous (standard) helper virus to survive. In turn, DI particles usually interfere with the reproduction of the helper virus. These mutants arise spontaneously and are amplified to detectable levels by repeated passage of virus stocks at high multiplicities of infection. They were first described in influenza virus infections by von Magnus (1952), who called them “incomplete viruses,” and this terminology was generally applied to other examples of spontaneously generated noninfectious viruses until Huang and Baltimore (1970) coined the designation “DI particles.”
On Exact and Numerical Solutions of the One-Dimensional Planar Bratu Problem

The nonlinear eigenvalue problem Δ+λ = 0 in the unit square with = 0 on the boundary is often referred to as “the Bratu problem” or “Bratu’s problem.” The Bratu problem in 1-dimensional planar coordinates, ″ + λ = 0 with (0) = (1) = 0 has two known, bifurcated, exact solutions for values of λ λ. The value of λ is simply 8( − 1) where is the fixed point of the hyperbolic cotangent function. Numerical approximations to the exact solution of the one-dimensional planar Bratu problem are computed using various numerical methods. Of particular interest is the application of nonstandard finite-difference schemes known as Mickens finite differences to solve the problem. In addition, standard finite-differences, Boyd collocation and Adomian polynomial decomposition are employed to generate numerical solutions to this Bratu problem and the results compared.
Ozone Antimicrobial Effects on Fruits and Fruit Juices

Ozone can be applied at almost any step in the fruit supply chain, from the orchard to the display case at local grocery stores. The gas can be easily produced commercially and used in either gaseous or aqueous states. In addition to improving fruit safety and extending product shelf-life, treatments may also be selected to enhance the nutritional quality of food or remove residues of pesticide applied to fruits in the field.
Patient Factor Disparities in Imaging Follow-Up Rates After Incidental Abdominal Findings

OBJECTIVE. The effect of demographics and societal determinants on imaging follow-up rates is not clear. The purpose of this study was to compare characteristics of patients with imaging findings r...
FOCAL LEFT VENTRICULAR INTRAMYOCARDIAL FAT ON CT IN STABLE CHEST PAIN: INSIGHTS FROM PROMISE (PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER IMAGING STUDY FOR EVALUATION OF CHEST PAIN)

Focal subendocardial/transmural low attenuation in the left ventricular myocardium (LVM) in cardiac CT represent fatty metaplasia after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the frequency of intramyocardial fat (IMF) in patients with no history of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown. We
Quantifying interoperability: An analysis of oncology practice electronic health record data variability.

e18080Background: Implementation of electronic health records (EHRs) has engendered a large quantity of machine-readable data. However, different practices choose different EHR vendors and the same...
What East Asia’s Dynamics Teach Us about Climate, Society, and Change in the Modern and Future World

The world-system shows signs of decline similar to those seen in dynastic collapses in imperial East Asia. Averting collapse will require new leadership that can bring back Ibn Khaldun’s ’asabiyah, or equivalent commitment and solidarity.
Retirement savings among U.S. older adult male workers by paid sick leave, flexible work, and vacation benefit status

ABSTRACTUsing a nationally representative sample from the 2012 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this study evaluates the retirement savings of 994 older male US workers (ages 47–55) by their ...
Effects of Two Competitive Soccer Matches on Landing Biomechanics in Female Division I Soccer Players

Fatigue has been proposed to increase the risk of knee injury. This study tracked countermovement jump, knee isometric strength, and kinetics and kinematics in 8 female soccer players (experimental group) during an anticipated sidestep maneuver before and after two matches played over a 43-h period. Time points were: Before and after match 1 (T0 and T1), 12 h after the first match (T2), and immediately after the second match (T3). A control group participated only in practice sessions. Isometric knee extension strength decreased by 14.8% at T2 (p = 0.003), but knee flexion was not affected until T3, declining by 12.6% (p = 0.018). During the sidestep maneuver, knee joint degrees of flexion at initial contact was increased by 17.1% at T3, but maximum knee and hip angle at initial contact were unchanged. Peak resultant ground reaction force (GRF) increased by 12.6% (p = 0.047) at T3 (3.03 xBW) from 2.69 xBW at T0, while posterior GRF was significantly higher than T0 at all three subsequent time points (T1 = 0.82 ± 0.23 xBW, T2 = 0.87 ± 0.22 xBW, T3 = 0.89 ± 0.22 xBW). Anterior tibial shear force increased significantly (p = 0.020) at T3 (1.24 ± 0.12 xBW) compared to T1 (1.15 ± 0.13 xBW), an 8.8% increase. Lateral tibial shear force was significantly higher at both T1 (0.95 ± 0.20 xBW) and T3 (1.15 ± 0.38 xBW) compared to T0 (0.67 ± 0.25 xBW). These findings suggest that participation in a soccer match has significant effects on both physical performance parameters and kinetics/kinematics during a sidestep cut, but these can be more pronounced after a second match with short rest.
Similar Contexts, Different Behaviour: Explaining the Non-Linear Moderation and Immoderation of Islamic Political Parties in Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, and Turkey

Why do some Islamic political parties (IPPs) pursue a ‘moderate’ political agenda and focus on economic development and democratic reform, while others pursue an ‘immoderate’ political agenda deman...
Measurement of d+^{7}Be Cross Sections for Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis.

The cross sections of nuclear reactions between the radioisotope $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ and deuterium, a possible mechanism of reducing the production of mass-7 nuclides in big-bang nucleosynthesis, were measured at center-of-mass energies between 0.2 and 1.5 MeV. The measured cross sections are dominated by the $(d,\ensuremath{\alpha})$ reaction channel, towards which prior experiments were mostly insensitive. A new resonance at 0.36(5) MeV with a strength of $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.7(5)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$ was observed inside the relevant Gamow window. Calculations of nucleosynthesis outcomes based on the experimental cross section show that the resonance reduces the predicted abundance of primordial $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$, but not sufficiently to solve the primordial lithium problem.
A cerebellum-like circuit in the lateral line system of fish cancels mechanosensory input associated with its own movements.

ABSTRACT An animal9s own movement exerts a profound impact on sensory input to its nervous system. Peripheral sensory receptors do not distinguish externally generated stimuli from stimuli generated by an animal9s own behavior (reafference) – although the animal often must. One way that nervous systems can solve this problem is to provide movement-related signals (copies of motor commands and sensory feedback) to sensory systems, which can then be used to generate predictions that oppose or cancel out sensory responses to reafference. Here, we studied the use of movement-related signals to generate sensory predictions in the lateral line medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON) of the little skate. In the MON, mechanoreceptive afferents synapse on output neurons that also receive movement-related signals from central sources, via a granule cell parallel fiber system. This parallel fiber system organization is characteristic of a set of so-called cerebellum-like structures. Cerebellum-like structures have been shown to support predictive cancellation of reafference in the electrosensory systems of fish and the auditory system of mice. Here, we provide evidence that the parallel fiber system in the MON can generate predictions that are negative images of (and therefore cancel) sensory input associated with respiratory and fin movements. The MON, found in most aquatic vertebrates, is probably one of the most primitive cerebellum-like structures and a starting point for cerebellar evolution. The results of this study contribute to a growing body of work that uses an evolutionary perspective on the vertebrate cerebellum to understand its functional diversity in animal behavior.
Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy of Suspected Salivary Gland Lymphoma in Sjögren’s Syndrome

Objective To evaluate the safety and utility of core needle biopsy (CNB) for diagnosis of salivary gland lymphoma in Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Methods We analyzed data from consecutive SS patients who underwent ultrasound-guided major salivary gland CNB for lymphoma diagnosis and determined whether CNB yielded an actionable diagnosis without need for further intervention. Results CNB were performed in 24 patients to evaluate discrete parotid (n=6) or submandibular (n=2) gland masses or diffuse enlargement (n=16; 15 parotid). One patient had 3 CNB of the same mass. Of the 26 CNB, 24 included flow cytometry using CNB and/or fine needle aspirate material and 14 targeted sonographically-identified focal lesions. No patient reported complications. In the 23 patients with one CNB, final diagnoses were marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT; n=6), atypical lymphoid infiltration (n=3), benign lymphoepithelial sialadenitis (BLEL, n=9), normal gland tissue (n=4), and lymphoepithelial cyst (n=1). In the patient with serial CNB, the initial one without flow cytometry was benign but the next two showed atypical lymphoid infiltration. Monoclonal lymphoid infiltration was detected in 12 patients: six with MALT lymphoma, three benign and three atypical lymphoid infiltration. Of the latter three, one was treated with rituximab and two with expectant observation. The diagnosis changed from atypical lymphoid infiltration to MALT lymphoma in one patient following biopsy of inguinal adenopathy 6 months post-CNB. CNB provided actionable results and avoided open excisional biopsies in all cases. Conclusion CNB is safe and useful in the evaluation of suspected salivary gland lymphoma in SS.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy: How Are We Driving in Solid Tumors?

ABSTRACT Immune effector cell (IEC) therapy is emerging as a promising approach in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Clinical IEC trials, predominantly using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have shown excellent responses in CD19+ B cell malignancies and multiple myeloma. In solid tumors, preclinical data are encouraging, but clinical data are in their infancy, and there are challenges in using CAR T therapy in this setting, including (1) on-target off-tumor toxicity, (2) optimal target identification, (3) effective trafficking into bulky tumor tissue, and (4) resistance to tumor immune evasion mechanisms. Novel techniques and modifications are being explored in both the preclinical and clinical settings, aiming to improve treatment efficacy and address the aforementioned obstacles to successful CAR T therapy in solid tumors. Here we review these challenges in a clinically oriented approach and summarize published clinical trials using CAR T therapy in a variety of solid tumors.
An Influence Model Approach to Failure Cascade Prediction in Large Scale Power Systems

Power system failures are often accompanied by failure cascades which are difficult to model and predict. The ability to predict the failure cascade is important for contingency analysis and corrective control designs to prevent large blackouts. In this paper, we study an influence model framework to predict failure cascades. A hybrid learning scheme is proposed to train the influence model from simulated failure cascade sample pools. The learning scheme firstly applies a Monte Carlo approach to quickly acquire the pairwise influences in the influence model. Then, a convex quadratic programming formulation is implemented to obtain the weight of each pairwise influence. Finally, an adaptive selection of threshold for each link is proposed to tailor the influence model to better fit different initial contingencies. We test our framework on a number of large scale power networks and verify its performance through numerical simulations. The proposed framework is capable of predicting the final state of links within 10% error rate, the link failure frequency within 0.08 absolute error, and the failure cascade size within 7% error rate expectedly. Our numerical results further show that the influence model framework can predict failure cascade two magnitudes faster than the power flow based prediction approach with a limited compromise of accuracy, making it very attractive for online monitoring and screening.
Adapting Vocal Function Exercises for Voice Masculinization

Purpose The aim of this clinical focus article is to discuss the role of gender-diverse vocal function exercises (VFEs) in the context of voice and communication therapy for transgender men. Curren...
Rhetorical Feminism and This Thing Called Hope

Throughout Rhetorical Feminism and This Thing Called Hope, Cheryl Glenn is attuned to her positionality and reminds readers why it has become standard and important to “announce one’s standpoint” (...
Using Mixture Modeling to Construct Subgroups of Cognitive Aging in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study.

Objectives Longitudinal surveys of older adults increasingly incorporate assessments of cognitive performance. However, very few studies have used mixture modelling techniques to describe cognitive aging, identifying subgroups of people who display similar patterns of performance across discrete cognitive functions. We employ this approach to advance empirical evidence concerning inter-individual variability and intraindividual change in patterns of cognitive aging. Method We drew upon data from 3,713 participants in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS). We used latent class analysis to generate subgroups of cognitive aging based on assessments of verbal fluency and episodic memory at ages 65 and 72. We also employed latent transition analysis to identify how individual participants moved between subgroups over the 7-year period. Results There were four subgroups at each point in time. Approximately three-quarters of the sample demonstrated continuity in the qualitative type of profile between ages 65 and 72, with 17.9% of the sample in a profile with sustained overall low performance at both ages 65 and 72. An additional 18.7% of participants made subgroup transitions indicating marked decline in episodic memory. Discussion Results demonstrate the utility of using mixture modelling to identify qualitatively and quantitatively distinct subgroups of cognitive aging among older adults. We discuss the implications of these results for the continued use of population health data to advance research on cognitive aging.
QTL x environment interactions underlie ionome divergence in switchgrass.

Ionomics measures elemental concentrations in biological organisms and provides a snapshot of physiology under different conditions. In this study, we evaluate genetic variation of the ionome in outbred, perennial switchgrass in three environments across the species' native range, and explore patterns of genotype-by-environment interactions. We grew 725 clonally replicated genotypes of a large full sib family from a four-way linkage mapping population, created from deeply diverged upland and lowland switchgrass ecotypes, at three common gardens. Concentrations of 18 mineral elements were determined in whole post-anthesis tillers using ion coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These measurements were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) with and without QTL-by-environment interactions (QTLxE) using a multi-environment QTL mapping approach. We found that element concentrations varied significantly both within and between switchgrass ecotypes, and GxE was present at both the trait and QTL level. Concentrations of 14 of the 18 elements were under some genetic control, and 77 QTL were detected for these elements. 74% of QTL colocalized multiple elements, half of QTL exhibited significant QTLxE, and roughly equal numbers of QTL had significant differences in magnitude and sign of their effects across environments. The switchgrass ionome is under moderate genetic control and by loci with highly variable effects across environments.
Rayleigh-Benard Convection: A Negentropic Approach

For the negentropic formulation of the second law of thermodynamics, the emergence of organization as it occurs in self-organizing phenomena, represents the transition from an entropic to a negentropic universe.In order to apply this criterion to the emergence of organization associated to the transition conduction-convection found in fluids heated from below, the Rayleigh-Benard universe was modeled as a series of coupled reversible Carnot’s engines. The first result produced by this model is represented by the fact that the so-coupled engines can access supra-Carnot efficiencies.The application of the negentropic criterion to the thus modeled Rayleigh-Benard universe produced an expression for the efficiency operating at the critical point at which organization emerges. This expression was put to the use with the experimental data of Schmidt and Milverton and Schmidt and Saunders. The results of this test are found to be in agreement with the negentropic paradigm.
Crisis, televisión, y Covid-19 en Chile (primer semestre 2020)

The irruption of the Covid-19 in the world has turned into a historical scenario of systemic instability globally. Mass media have faced difficulties in the execution of their tasks of complexity reduction due to the uncertainty about the mutagenic behavior of the new virus. The present study characterizes the journalistic behavior of broadcast television and four newspapers with determined editorial policies in the face of the 'coronacrisis' events in Chile. The period of analysis goes from January to June 2020. The method is comparative and focuses on the representations of the events and their sequences. This is based o examining what is understood here as 'emphasis and blindness' in the coverage of 'milestones and controversies' during the incubation, propagation, and restructuring of the crisis. The results indicate that the normative positions of the media significantly influence their representation. Moreover, in this particular case, mass media such as open television show a behavior akin to government officials' interests, located in the center-right of the political spectrum. In this regard, this 2 paper calls for the need to pluralize the media, especially during moments of uncertainty and instability, such as pandemic crises.