cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On solutions to the Pn equations for thermal radiative transfer

We present results for the spherical harmonics (P"n) method for solving problems of time-dependent thermal radiative transport. We prove a theorem that demonstrates that in the streaming limit, the spatially and temporally continuous P"n equations will allow negative energy densities for any finite order of n. We also develop an implicit numerical method for solving the P"n equations to explore the impact of the theorem. The numerical method uses a high-resolution Riemann solver to produce an upwinded discretization. We employ a quasi-linear approach to integrate the nonlinearites added to make the scheme non-oscillatory. We use the backward Euler method for time integration and treat the material interaction terms fully nonlinearly. Reflecting boundary conditions for the P"n equations are presented and we show how to implement this boundary condition using ghost cells. The implicit method was able to produce robust results to thermal transport problems in one and two dimensions. The numerical method is used to analyze the accuracy of various P"n expansion orders on several problems. In two-dimensional problems the numerical P"n solutions contained negative radiation energy densities as predicted by our theorem. The numerical results showed that the material temperature also became negative, a result outside the scope of the theorem. Our numerical method can handle these negative values, but they would cause problems in a radiation-hydrodynamics calculation.
Auditory attention in childhood and adolescence: An event-related potential study of spatial selective attention to one of two simultaneous stories.

ABSTRACT Auditory selective attention is a critical skill for goal-directed behavior, especially where noisy distractions may impede focusing attention. To better understand the developmental trajectory of auditory spatial selective attention in an acoustically complex environment, in the current study we measured auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) across five age groups: 3–5 years; 10 years; 13 years; 16 years; and young adults. Using a naturalistic dichotic listening paradigm, we characterized the ERP morphology for nonlinguistic and linguistic auditory probes embedded in attended and unattended stories. We documented robust maturational changes in auditory evoked potentials that were specific to the types of probes. Furthermore, we found a remarkable interplay between age and attention-modulation of auditory evoked potentials in terms of morphology and latency from the early years of childhood through young adulthood. The results are consistent with the view that attention can operate across age groups by modulating the amplitude of maturing auditory early-latency evoked potentials or by invoking later endogenous attention processes. Development of these processes is not uniform for probes with different acoustic properties within our acoustically dense speech-based dichotic listening task. In light of the developmental differences we demonstrate, researchers conducting future attention studies of children and adolescents should be wary of combining analyses across diverse ages.
The seven years' war and the American revolution: The causal relationship reconsidered

(1980). The seven years' war and the American revolution: The causal relationship reconsidered. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History: Vol. 8, The British Atlantic Empire Before the American Revolution, pp. 85-105.
Thermal sensor design for 3D ICs

Thermal measurement and management is crucial in three dimensional integrated circuits (3DICs) technology because increasing temperature stress is one of the main challenges due to high power density. Because of the physical adjacency and use of Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) as thermal exchangers between the stacked layers, the thermal profiles of the layers are highly correlated with each other. Any planar hotspot in a layer in a 3DIC is converted to a volumetric spatial hotspot. Run time thermal management in 3DICs requires proper monitoring and measurement of these spatial hotspots inside the chip. Having spatial hotspots and high thermal correlation between layers is a motivation for designing 3D thermal sensors. A new ring oscillator based 3D thermal sensor is proposed in this paper. Use of this sensor will reduce total number of needed sensors to monitor a typical whole 3DIC by 48% with same reading error in comparison with use of conventional 2D sensors.
SEU simulation and testing of resistor-hardened D-latches in the SA3300 microprocessor

The SEU tolerance of the SA3300 microprocessor with feedback resistors is presented and compared to the SA3300 without feedback resistors and to the commercial version (NS32016). Upset threshold at room temperature increased from 23 MeV-cm/sup 2//mg with no feedback resistors to 60 MeV-cm/sup 2//mg and 180 MeV-cm/sup 2//mg with feedback resistors of 50 k Omega and 160 k Omega , respectively. The performance goal of 10 MHz over the full temperature range of -55 degrees C to +125 degrees C is exceeded for feedback resistors of 160 k Omega and less. Error rate calculations for this design predict that the error rate is less than once every 100 years when 50 k Omega feedback resistors are used in the D-latch design. Analysis of the SEU response using a lumped-parameter circuit simulator imply a charge collection depth of 4.5 mu m. This is much deeper than what one would expect for prompt collection in the epi and funnel regions and has been explained in terms of diffusion current in the heavily doped substrate. >
Principles and practice in verifying rule-based systems

This paper surveys the verification of expert system knowledge bases by detecting anomalies. Such anomalies are highly indicative of errors in the knowledge base. The paper is in two parts. The first part describes four types of anomaly: redundancy, ambivalence, circularity, and deficiency. We consider rule bases which are based on first-order logic, and explain the anomalies in terms of the syntax and semantics of logic. The second part presents a review of five programs which have been built to detect various subsets of the anomalies. The four anomalies provide a framework for comparing the capabilities of the five tools, and we highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. This paper therefore provides not only a set of underlying principles for performing knowledge base verification through anomaly detection, but also a survey of the state-of-the-art in building practical tools for carrying out such verification. The reader of this paper is expected to be familiar with first-order logic.
Channel estimation using time-frequency techniques

We propose the use of time-varying signals and time-frequency techniques to estimate fast fading channels with unknown state information. Specifically, we apply the reassigned spectrogram to estimate multiple sinusoids resulting from transmitting and processing two linear frequency-modulated (FM) chirp pilots. The estimation procedure is complicated by the need to pair sinusoids resulting from the same multipath. This problem is overcome using a single nonlinear FM chirp pilot with power characteristics. The channel estimation simplifies to estimating linear FM chirps which we perform using a modified matching pursuit decomposition algorithm. Simulations demonstrate the increased estimation performance when pilot signals with nonlinear structures are used instead of linear structured ones.
Should aspirin be used as a preventive therapy for thrombosis in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies

Should aspirin be used as a preventive therapy for thrombosis in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies?
The allure of vulnerability: Advertising cues to exploitability as a signal of sexual accessibility

Research has documented that men are sexually attracted to women displaying cues to sexual exploitability. The current study investigated individual differences hypothesized to predict the display of exploitability cues as a mate attraction tactic. It was predicted that women who are more inclined toward short-term mating, high in openness, and high in extraversion would be more likely to display sexual exploitability cues. Fifty-seven women created hypothetical video dating profiles that were later coded for exploitability cues. Results supported the predicted relationships and provided the first behavioral evidence that some women may capitalize on the relationship between perceived exploitability and sexual attractiveness in pursuit of mating goals.
Cold Pools and MCS Propagation: Forecasting the Motion of Downwind-Developing MCSs

The primary factors that affect the direction of propagation and overall movement of surface-based mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are discussed. It is shown that although propagation is indeed related to the strength and direction of the low-level jet as previous studies have shown, it is more specifically dependent upon the degree of cold-pool-relative flow and to the distribution of conditional instability present along a system’s gust front. An updated technique that may be used to forecast the short-term (3‐6 h) motion of MCS centroids based on these concepts is introduced. The procedure builds on the long-established observation that MCS motion is a function of 1) the advection of existing cells by the mean wind and 2) the propagation of new convection relative to existing storms. Observed wind and thermodynamic data, in conjunction with anticipated cold-pool motion and orientation, are used to assess the speed and direction of cell propagation, that is, whether propagation will be upwind, downwind, or some combination of the two. The technique ultimately yields an estimate of overall system movement and has application regardless of scale, season, or synoptic regime.
Extracting earnings information from financial statements via genetic algorithms

One of the goals of financial statement analysis is to extract firm-value-relevant information from financial statements. The process by which this information is processed can be considered a black box. In making forecasts and reports, analysts examine financial statement variables and derived quantities and aggregate their information with outside information. The process is subjective and it is a stylized fact that some information is always purposely or by necessity left out. It is humanly impossible to coherently aggregate information from too many variables. Therefore, a methodology in which information is extracted automatically is potentially attractive not just to analysts but to lay investors. J. Ou and H. Penman (1989) proposed such an automated methodology. They developed the "Pr measure" to aggregate financial statement information and predict the signs of changes in annual company earnings (adjusted for drift). However, there are certain problems with Ou and Penman's method. We propose an alternative methodology of automatically extracting information from financial statements. In our method the accounting information is aggregated by industry, the method of constructing the set of predictor variables mitigates a potential loss of information, and the criterion that decides whether variables are useful is predictive power instead of statistical significance. Our methodology requires an alternative, more extensive search than that performed by Ou and Penman. To accomplish the task we use a genetic algorithm, a very efficient search and optimization tool.
Afraid to ask: proactive assistance with healthcare documents using eye tracking

We investigate gaze patterns and other nonverbal behavior that people use when providing and receiving explanations of complex healthcare documents, and use a model of this behavior as the basis of a system that provides automated, proactive assistance. We present the results of the human analog study along with results from a preliminary evaluation of the automated system. We also demonstrate the feasibility of using eye tracking to automatically assess the health literacy of people reading healthcare documents.
Frequency of Ring Separations from the Loop Current in the Gulf of Mexico: A Revised Estimate

Abstract The most energetic events in the circulation of the Gulf of Mexico are the separation of large anticyclonic rings from the Loop Current. Building on previous work, the authors examine all the apparent rings since July 1973. This new dataset includes the satellite altimetry since 1992, providing a set of 34 consecutive ring formations. The primary advantage of altimetry is that the data remain available in the summer. One finding is that the ambiguity of whether or not a ring has separated is reduced, but not eliminated; the uncertainty with which separation “events” can be specified remains approximately 4 weeks, even with nearly continuous data. Primary peaks in the distribution of separation intervals are found at 6 and 11 months with a smaller peak at 9 months. If the spectrum is smoothed heavily enough, a peak in the distribution can be formed nearer 12 months, but this near-annual peak is a result more of the smoothing than of the data.
Air injection and convection cooling of multi-chip modules: a computational study

In the personal computer and workstation industry, new power-hungry, high-performance microprocessors have been gaining ground. Some proposed commercial heat dissipation schemes use fan-mounted heat sinks to ensure that the chip junction temperature meets technology requirements for reliable performance. This study uses a numerical simulation to predict heat transfer rates for cooling of a typical multi-chip package. Two cooling schemes are evaluated. The first uses a pin-fin heat sink mounted on the package with air forced over the sink. The second scheme uses a fan mounted directly over the heat-sink injecting air on the sink. Increases in heat transfer rates of the injection case compared to standard forced cooling schemes are tabulated. A qualitative description of the flow features is given, along with limitations of the flow computations. >
The effect of marriage on utilization of colorectal endoscopy exam in the United States

Abstract Purpose : This study examines the association between marriage and colorectal endoscopy exam, and whether this association varies by gender and financial benefits of marriage including improved access to health insurance and pooled family income. Methods : Representative survey data of the non-institutionalized United States population were used from the 2000, 2005, and 2008 National Health Interview Survey. Analyses targeted persons 50–85 years of age without a personal history of cancer and with complete information on all study variables ( n =21,760). Multivariate logistic regression was used to model marital status differences in the probability of undergoing a colorectal endoscopy exam with interaction effects used to model variation over time by gender, health insurance, and poverty level. Results : Married persons were more likely than unmarried persons to report ever having undergone a colorectal endoscopy exam (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.29), and the difference between married and unmarried persons in the probability of undergoing a colorectal endoscopy exam remained stable over time. Married persons were more likely than unmarried persons to report having undergone a colorectal endoscopy exam within the past 10 years (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.15–1.95). For each survey year, married men were significantly more likely than women and unmarried men to report having undergone a colorectal endoscopy exam. For example, in 2008, 56% of married men reported having undergone a colorectal endoscopy exam, compared to 49% of unmarried men, 52% of married women, and 50% of unmarried women. Among persons with health insurance, married persons were significantly more likely than unmarried persons to have undergone a colorectal endoscopy exam. Among persons who were poor, there was no difference by marital status in the likelihood of having undergone a colorectal endoscopy exam. However, among persons who were not poor, married persons were more likely than unmarried persons to have undergone a colorectal endoscopy exam. Conclusion : Given that colorectal endoscopy exams are a potentially life-saving procedure, persistently higher uptake of colorectal endoscopy for married persons over time may be an important health promoting benefit of marriage. Therefore, clinicians and policy makers should focus on improving the use of cancer prevention services among unmarried persons.
Hypotensive action of DuP 753, an angiotensin II antagonist, in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists: X.

In conscious 18-21-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats, DuP 753, a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, given orally at 3 and 10 mg/kg or intravenously at 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, reduced blood pressure dose dependently. It did not alter heart rate at these doses. At 10 mg/kg i.v., DuP 753 decreased blood pressure significantly for at least 24 hours, suggesting a long duration of the antihypertensive effect. Unlike saralasin, DuP 753 did not cause a transient increase in blood pressure. The acute antihypertensive efficacy of DuP 753 was greater than that of captopril. Our data indicate that, for captopril to reduce blood pressure to a similar extent as that of DuP 753, it would need to be supplemented by a diuretic. DuP 753 did not have an acute diuretic effect. Bilateral nephrectomy, but not inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, abolished the antihypertensive effect of DuP 753, suggesting that the antihypertensive effect of DuP 753 is dependent on an active renin-angiotensin system. Furthermore, DuP 753 inhibited the pressor response to angiotensin II but not the responses to norepinephrine, vasopressin, and Bay K 8644 (a calcium agonist). As neither DuP 753 nor captopril decreased blood pressure acutely in Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats, our results suggest that the renin-angiotensin system plays a significant role in the control of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Models of the Posterior Parietal Cortex Which Perform Multimodal Integration and Represent Space in Several Coordinate Frames

Many neurons in the posterior-parietal cortex (PPC) have saccadic responses to visual and auditory targets. The responses are modulated by eye position and head position. These findings suggest that PPC integrates multisensory inputs and may provide information about saccadic targets represented in different coordinate frames. In addition to an eyecentered output representation, PPC may also project to brain areas which contain head-centered and body-centered representations of the space. In this report, possible coordinate transformations in PPC were examined by comparing several sets of models of PPC, each having different representations in the output layer: (i) an eye-centered map only; (ii) a head-centered map only; (iii) an eye-centered map and a head-centered map; and (iv) an eye-centered map, a head-centered map, and a body-centered map. These output maps correctly encoded saccades to visual and auditory targets through training. The units in the hidden layers of the models exhibited the following properties: (1) The units had gain fields (GFs) for eye position, and also for head position if the model had a body-centered output representation; (2) As the result of the GF and the nonlinear activation function of the units, the hidden layers often employed "intermediate" coding, e.g., the hidden units coded targets partially in eye-centered coordinates and, partially, in head-centered coordinates; (3) Different types of coordinate transformations in these models were carried out by different relationships between the receptive fields (RFs) and the GFs of the hidden units; and (4) The properties of PPC neurons are in better accordance with the hidden units of the models that had multiple-output representations than the models that had only one single-output representation. In conclusion, the results show that the GF is an effective mechanism for performing coordinate transformations. The models also suggest that neurons with intermediate coding are to be expected in the process of coordinate transformations.
Eating disorders in immigrants: Two case reports

The incidence of eating disorders has been highest among Caucasian American women of middle to upper middle social classes. Observations of anorexia nervosa and bulimia in two Eastern European immigrants to the United States are described. These cases illustrate the influence of immigration and acculturation on the adolescent and highlight their particular vulnerability to acculturation pressures of the new society. The case studies illustrate the complex interaction of individual, familial, and sociocultural factors associated with the development of anorexia nervosa and bulimia in a population not previously considered to be at risk. Consideration is given to the potential susceptibility of female immigrants in the United States to the pervasive messages emphasizing slimness and attractiveness as vehicles to acceptance and success in American culture.
Religiosity, Spirituality, and Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Marriage: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Comparison

Attitudes toward same-sex marriage have changed dramatically over the last decade. U.S. adults are becoming more supportive of same-sex marriage, and there are a number of reasons for this change. Our research examines the relationship between cohort, religiosity, spirituality, and attitudes toward same-sex marriage. Using data from the 2012 and 2014 General Social Surveys, we examine the differential impact of religiosity and spirituality by cohort on attitudes toward same-sex marriage. We present models for four separate cohorts: The Millennials, Generation X, the Baby Boomers, and the Silent Generation. The Millennial cohort exhibits significant differences from the other birth cohorts. The results of our analyses locate various changes in these attitudes and provide directions for future research.
Between Burke and the Anti-Federalists: An Epistemic Argument for Descriptive Representation

This paper proposes an interpretation of representative assemblies that strikes a conceptual middle ground between Burke's ideal of an assembly of trustees and the Anti-Federalists' ideal of a mirror image of the people. The normative appeal of this conceptual middle ground is supported by an argument emphasizing the epistemic properties of a descriptive assembly of trustees deliberating about the common good. Building on findings about the importance of cognitive diversity for efficient collective problem-solving, the paper argues that given the nature of political problems, a case can be made for the epistemic superiority of descriptively representative assemblies over less accurately descriptive ones. The paper further defends sortition as the best way to ensure descriptive representation over alternatives such as quotas and gerrymandering.
Shared Care Contributions to Self-Care and Quality of Life in Chronic Cardiac Patients

Shared care is an interpersonal interaction system composed of communication, decision making, and reciprocity; it is used by patients and family caregivers (care dyads) to exchange social support....
Factors Influencing Malaysian it Outsourcer's Repurchase Intention – A Conceptual Paper

This Conceptual Framework is based on Delone & McLean (2003) IS Success Model and other models in which factors like Service Quality, Partnership Quality, Value for Money, Perceived Usefulness of IT Outsourcing, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty are hypothesized to influence IT Outsourcer's Repurchase Intention. Moreover, both Perceived Switching Cost and Attractiveness of Alternatives are hypothesized to serve as moderators to moderate the relationships among Perceived Usefulness of IT Outsourcing, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty and IT Outsourcer's Repurchase Intention.
Skeletal muscle fiber size and fiber type distribution in human cancer: Effects of weight loss and relationship to physical function

Summary Background & aims Cancer patients frequently experience weight loss, with negative consequences for functionality and prognosis. The extent to which muscle atrophy contributes to weight loss, however, is not clear, as few studies have directly measured muscle fiber morphology in cancer patients. Methods Whole body and regional tissue composition were measured, along with the cross-sectional area (CSA) and fiber type of mechanically-isolated, single muscle fibers, in 19 cancer patients (8 with a history of weight loss, 11 weight-stable) and 15 non-diseased controls. Results Whole body fat mass was reduced in cancer patients with a history of weight loss, but no differences in whole body or leg fat-free mass were apparent. In contrast, reductions (∼20%) in single muscle fiber CSA were found in both slow-twitch, myosin heavy chain (MHC) I and fast-twitch, MHC IIA fibers in both weight-stable patients and those with a history of weight loss. Fiber type distribution showed a shift towards a fast-twitch phenotype compared to controls, which may preserve muscle function in cancer patients despite atrophy, as positive relationships were found between the fractions of hybrid MHC IIAX and I/IIA fibers and 6-min walk performance. Conclusions Our results suggest that, although not apparent from whole body or regional measurements, cancer is associated with reduced skeletal muscle fiber size independent of weight loss history and a shift towards fast-twitch fibers, phenotypes that resemble adaptations to muscle disuse.
Knowledge Is Power: Challenging IR’s Eurocentric Narrative

In the past few years, progress has been made toward advancing global international relations (IR): ISA’s 2015 annual meeting program was evidence of this. Nevertheless, challenges remain. The one on which I will focus is the link between knowledge and power—that is, whose knowledge, and what kind of knowledge, is counted as legitimate (and “scientific”) by the mainstream of the discipline. This is still an obstacle to overcome if we are to move toward a truly global IR. To illustrate my concern, I will first address issues of race and empire, issues that IR has not generally considered part of its subject matter, then I will discuss what are generally accepted as legitimate ways to build IR knowledge, and finally, the obstacles this creates for a truly global IR. Although this is changing somewhat, traditionally, IR has been quite focused on questions of importance to the great powers of the Eurocentric Westphalian system. Curiously, missing from IR’s central concerns have been issues of race and empire. The effects of centuries of colonial domination are …
Abstract PR1: Direct signaling between platelets and cancer cells induces an epithelial-mesenchymal-like transition and promotes metastasis

Interactions of cancer cells with the primary tumor microenvironment are important determinants of cancer progression towards metastasis but it is unknown whether additional prometastatic signals are provided during the intravascular transit to the site of metastasis. Here, we have tested whether platelets present in the bloodstream can provide a signaling platform for cancer cells outside of the primary tumor and influence the metastatic potential of tumor cells. We show that platelet-tumor cell interactions are sufficient to prime tumor cells for subsequent metastasis. Platelet-derived TGFs and direct platelet-tumor cell contacts synergistically activate the TGFs/Smad and NF-κB pathways in cancer cells, resulting in their transition to an invasive mesenchymal-like phenotype and enhanced metastasis in vivo. Inhibition of NF-κB signaling in cancer cells or ablation of TGFs1 expression solely in platelets protects against lung metastasis in vivo. Thus, our study establishes platelets as a major and critical source of TGFs bioavailable to cancer cells in the circulation, and reveals that the metastatic potential of tumor cells continues to evolve outside the primary tumor site, in response to tumor-host interactions in the bloodstream. Platelet-tumor cell interactions and the signaling pathways that they trigger are therefore crucial determinants of cancer metastasis and potential targets for anti-metastatic therapies. This abstract is also presented as Poster A9. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr PR1.
Vector-space-model text categorization method based on quotient space theory

To reduce the vector dimension of Text Categorization(TC) based on Vector Space Model(VSM) and the impact of noise on classification,by using granularity computing based on quotient space theory,the authors provided a new method text categorization based on quotient space theory.The experimental results show the method reduces the vector dimension of text categorization based on VSM and increases the discriminating ability among different texts.
Effect of Nitrogen Management on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Utilization under the System of Intensified Rice Cultivation

The experiment of rice intensification system(SRI) was carried out using super hybrid rice(Zhongzheyou 1) as material to investigate the grain yield and nitrogen utilization under different nitrogen managements.The results showed: the grain yield of SRI was 11.1%-15.2% greater than that of CK,and the assimilation efficiency,agronomic efficiency,and physiological efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer were 5.3%-26.9%,67.2%-92.2%,and 6.0%-80.5% greater than those of CK,respectively.Hence,nitrogen utilization efficiency,and eliminated accumulation of N fertilizer and its impact on the environment were enhanced under the system of rice intensification.Moreover,the high-yield mechanism of N fertilizer management under the system of rice intensification was discussed in the paper.
The Use of High-speed Treadmills for Lameness and Hoof Balance Evaluations in the Horse

Examination for lameness remains the most important component of the clinical evaluation for poor performance. Although conventional examinations can be used to diagnose many causes of lameness, treadmill video gait analysis and dynamic hoof balance evaluations have proved to be useful not only for evaluating lameness but also for maintenance of long-term soundness. Treadmill lameness evaluations offer a major advantage compared to conventional evaluations because of the stationary position of the exercising horse relative to the people performing the examination. Lameness is suspected if asymmetric motion is observed or asymmetric sounds of the feet contacting the tread surface are heard during the treadmill evaluation. Localization of lameness to the front or hind legs is the first step in the treadmill gait analysis protocol. In trotting and pacing horses, asymmetric movements associated with foreleg lameness generally are confined to the front end. In contrast to the pacing gait, asymmetric movements associated with hindlimb lameness can involve both the front and rear of the horse at the trot. The evaluation is continued to determine which side of the horse is abnormal. Viewed from the front, horses with primary forelimb lameness appear to have an asymmetric downward rotation of the torso, head, and neck away from the stiffer lame front leg toward the flexed normal leg as it contacts the tread surface. The lame hind leg can appear to be stiff relative to the opposite normal leg. This results in uneven side-to-side oscillations of the pelvis rotating away from the abnormal stiff-appearing hind leg toward the normal, flexed hind leg as it contacts the tread surface. Both front- and hind-leg lamenesses cause dissociation of the normal foot-fall sequence, resulting in the alteration of the normal two beat gait at the trot or the pace to a three-beat gait. The final step of the lameness examination involves the use of diagnostic regional anesthesia to determine the anatomic location of the lameness. Treadmill video gait analysis can be used to evaluate differences in the horse's gait before and after each anesthetic block. Optimal foot balance during exercise is critical for long-term maintenance of musculoskeletal soundness. Combining slow-motion video gait analysis with treadmill exercise provides an excellent method for evaluating hoof balance at a variety of speeds. Optimal hoof balance can be achieved by using the technique of successive trimming and re-evaluation. The principles of hoof balancing include establishing dorsopalmar or dorsoplantar hoof balance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Grief and trauma in children: an evidence-based treatment manual, by A. Salloum

Grief and Trauma in Children: An Evidence-based Treatment Manual is a well conceptualized and clearly organized model of intervention that addresses a need to develop effective interventions that s...
Radio-frequency spectroscopy as applied to problems of dielectric behavior

The new techniques of nuclear magnetic resonance and pure quadrupole magnetic resonance were discussed, particularly in so far as they contribute to the solution of problems of interest in the study of dielectric properties. Results of recent investigations of the motions of molecules and parts of molecules in molecular solids by these methods show that they are often complimentary to the information obtained by dielectric constant studies. The relationship between “relaxation times” obtained in the two fields and the possible need for a reevaluation of dielectric relaxation theories for solids were presented.
Conformational Transitions and Alternative Access Mechanism in ATP-Driven Calcium Pump SERCA

Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) is an integral membrane protein that uses ATP hydrolysis as a source of free energy to pump two calcium ions per ATP molecule from calcium poor cytoplasm of the muscle cell to the calcium rich lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, thereby maintaining a ten thousand fold concentration gradient. Detailed structural studies of the pump under different conditions provided analogues of various intermediates in the reaction cycle and revealed important changes in the tertiary structure of the protein both in the cytoplasmic and in the transmembrane parts. It is essential to go beyond the static crystal structures and study functionally relevant dynamical motions of the protein to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of the pump. Functional transitions in SERCA occur in timescales (milliseconds and longer) far beyond the reach of standard molecular dynamics simulations for molecular systems of this size (a solvated SERCA system comprises ∼291,000 atoms). This problem is overcome by employing the string method in which a transition pathway between two known end-point structures is represented discretely as a chain-of-state. Using this method, we have determined the pathways for all the functional transitions between known crystal structures along the entire transport cycle. Here we present detailed studies on three important steps of the pumping cycle: 1) ion binding from the cytoplasmic side and occlusion; 2) opening of the luminal gate and release of ions to the luminal side; 3) closing of luminal gate and its coupling to dephosphorylation. We clearly demonstrate the tight coupling between the motions of various regions of the protein which explains how information is transmitted between the phosphorylation and transmembrane binding sites that are spatially separated by a large distance. We correlate our observations with biochemical experiments.
Self-Learning RF Receiver Systems: Process Aware Real-Time Adaptation to Channel Conditions for Low Power Operation

Prior research has established that dynamically trading-off the performance of the radio-frequency (RF) front-end for reduced power consumption across changing channel conditions, using a feedback control system that modulates circuit and algorithmic level “tuning knobs” in real-time based on received signal quality, leads to significant power savings. It is also known that the optimal power control strategy depends on the process conditions corresponding to the RF devices concerned. This leads to an explosion in the search space needed to find the best feedback control strategy, across all combinations of channel conditions and receiver process corners, making simulation driven optimal control law design impractical and computationally infeasible. Since this problem is largely intractable due to the above complexity of simulation, we propose a self-learning strategy for adaptive RF systems. In this approach, RF devices learn their own performance vs. power consumption vs. tuning knob relationships “on-the-fly” and formulate the most power-optimal control strategy for real-time adaptation of the RF system using neural-network based learning techniques during real-time operation. The methodology is demonstrated using SISO and MIMO RF receiver front-ends as test vehicles and is supported by hardware validation leading to 2.5X-3X power savings with minimal overhead.
Metabolite signature of the phloem sap of fourteen citrus varieties with different degrees of tolerance to Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus

Abstract Huanglongbing (HLB) disease in citrus is caused by the phloem-limited bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) which is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllids, a phloem sap feeder. Most of commercial citrus cultivars are susceptible to the HLB disease. However, some varieties were found to be relatively tolerant than other. Herein, we studied the phloem sap composition of fourteen varieties with different degrees of tolerance to CLas to identify metabolites that could be responsible for the tolerance or essential to grow CLas. The phloem sap was subjected to untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. After trimethylsilyl derivatization, more than seventy different metabolites were detected. The majority were sugars and they also were the most abundant metabolites. Most of amino acids were positively correlated with tolerance to CLas while several of the organic acids were negatively correlated with the tolerance. Fumaric acid was the only organic acid that is correlated positively. Although the concentrations of the main sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose) varied among varieties, they were not correlated with citrus tolerance or susceptibility to CLas. On the other hand, some of the low abundant sugars were positively correlated with citrus tolerance to CLas. Sugar acids and scyllo-inositol were negatively correlated with citrus tolerance to CLas. Development of commercial tolerant citrus varieties to HLB is highly recommended and further metabolomic studies are required to investigate other metabolites which cannot be detected by GC-MS and could be responsible for citrus tolerance to CLas.
Measurement of HSP90 and HSP70 in CD34-Positive Cells: Lower Levels in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Than in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Correlation with Clinical Behavior.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones involved in binding and regulating the levels of several client cellular proteins. HSPs are induced by stress and play a role in the modulation of apoptosis and proliferation. Expression of HSPs by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells has been reported to correlate with more aggressive disease. Here we used a flow cytometry approach to quantify the expression of HSP90 and HSP70 in specific cell populations in bone marrow. Quantification using QuantiBRITE and PE (phycoerythrin)-labeled antibodies with a 1:1 ratio allowed us to specifically measure the antibody binding capacity in 100 CD34+ cells (molecules/100 CD34+ or CD3+ cells). Using this approach, we compared bone marrow samples from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and patients with AML. This approach can also be used to monitor patients treated with therapeutic agents that target HSPs, such as 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldamycin (17AAG). The percentage of CD34+ cells expressing HSP90 ( P =0.008) and HSP70 ( P <0.001) was significantly lower in MDS (n=20) than in AML (n=33) patients. Similarly, the percentage of CD3+ cells expressing HSP90 and HSP70 was significantly higher in MDS than in AML patients ( P <0.01). This suggests that the environment in the bone marrow (cytokines, chemokines, other factors) may affect the levels of HSPs in neoplastic and normal cells in a similar fashion. In patients with MDS, higher levels of HSP90 were associated with shorter survival ( P =0.03). However, after achieving remission (CR), MDS patients who expressed high levels of HSP90 had significantly longer remission duration (CRD) ( P =0.03). These findings not only confirm that the environment and blasts in patients with MDS are different from those in patients with AML, but also suggest that therapy targeting HSPs may be a rational approach in patients with MDS. ![Figure][1] Figure [1]: pending:yes
Millennials, Technology and Perceived Relevance of Community Service Organizations: Is Social Media Replacing Community Service Activities?

This mixed-methods qualitative study examined the relationship between perceptions of the importance of social media (i.e., Facebook, Twitter) with community service projects and volunteerism. Participants (n = 80) were interviewed and surveyed regarding their experiences in participating in a variety of community service work (CSW) projects (i.e., urban forestry, community gardening) with their perceptions of the importance of social media. Results supported the hypothesis that a significant correlation exists (r = .286, p < .05) between perceptions of technology as an important part of my life and reduced importance of CSW activities. A significant correlation (r = 287, p < .001) also developed between perceptions of “connectedness” to one’s community, increased technology use and reduced perceptions of the importance of CSW activities. Additionally, a significant positive correlation (r = .454, p < .001) was found between reports of improved perceptions among ethnically diverse populations and the overall importance of CSW activities within the community. Results and suggestions for further research are offered regarding the application of theory to “real world” perspectives and problems involving education and environmental issues.
Initial Experience with "Honoring Choices Wisconsin": Implementation of an Advance Care Planning Pilot in a Tertiary Care Setting.

Abstract Background: Although previous research on advance care planning (ACP) has associated ACP with improved quality of care at the end of life, the appropriate use of ACP remains limited. Objec...
Machine Learning Based Predictive Modeling of Debris Flow Probability Following Wildfire in the Intermountain Western United States

It has been recognized that wildfire, followed by large precipitation events, triggers both flooding and debris flows in mountainous regions. The ability to predict and mitigate these hazards is crucial in protecting public safety and infrastructure. A need for advanced modeling techniques was highlighted by re-evaluating existing prediction models from the literature. Data from 15 individual burn basins in the intermountain western United States, which contained 388 instances and 26 variables, were obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). After randomly selecting a subset of the data to serve as a validation set, advanced predictive modeling techniques, using machine learning, were implemented using the remaining training data. Tenfold cross-validation was applied to the training data to ensure nearly unbiased error estimation and also to avoid model over-fitting. Linear, nonlinear, and rule-based predictive models including naive Bayes, mixture discriminant analysis, classification trees, and logistic regression models were developed and tested on the validation dataset. Results for the new non-linear approaches were nearly twice as successful as those for the linear models, previously published in debris flow prediction literature. The new prediction models advance the current state-of-the-art of debris flow prediction and improve the ability to accurately predict debris flow events in wildfire-prone intermountain western United States.
When comparison comes first: Reflections on theory in medical anthropology

This think piece draws on experiences of fieldwork in a Papua New Guinean hospital to reflect on tensions between political engagement and ‘deep’ comparison in medical anthropology theory. The paper argues that, contrary to the assumptions implicit in recent critiques of ‘suffering slot’ anthropology, paying attention to the workings of power does not preclude ontological comparison. Through a comparison of the different kinds of visibility sought by patients and doctors in the public hospital, I argue that the question of power re-surfaces in relation to the mutually entangled infrastructures required to realise those different projects.
Narrow Networks On The Health Insurance Marketplaces: Prevalence, Pricing, And The Cost Of Network Breadth.

Anecdotal reports and systematic research highlight the prevalence of narrow-network plans on the Affordable Care Act’s health insurance Marketplaces. At the same time, Marketplace premiums in the period 2014–16 were much lower than projected by the Congressional Budget Office in 2009. Using detailed data on the breadth of both hospital and physician networks, we studied the prevalence of narrow networks and quantified the association between network breadth and premiums. Controlling for many potentially confounding factors, we found that a plan with narrow physician and hospital networks was 16 percent cheaper than a plan with broad networks for both, and that narrowing the breadth of just one type of network was associated with a 6–9 percent decrease in premiums. Narrow-network plans also have a sizable impact on federal outlays, as they depress the premium of the second-lowest-price silver plan, to which subsidy amounts are linked. Holding all else constant, we estimate that federal subsidies would hav...
Reading and Writing in Kristjana Gunnars’s Rose Garden

Focusing primarily on Gunnars’s later hybrid novels Rose Garden: Reading Marcel Proust and The Prowler, Quynn sketches her own acts of reading as perverse, mistaken, hostile, fickle, disordered, and always loving engagements with story and self. Drawing on what she argues is the proliferative logic of Gunnars’s explosive self-reflexive moves, Quynn’s essay invites readers into a dynamic textual series of (re)visionings of woman-as-scholar, woman-as reader, and considers the ways such critical acts of reading may be engaged, enactive, delightfully incomplete, and critically out-of-order. The traditional abstract included here is merely a content teaser and, we hope, reads ironically against the innovative critical work that follows. If you wish to read more about the process by which this author undertook writing this essay, as well as the critical stakes of its production, please see the introduction to the volume as well as the accompanying anti-abstract at the close of the chapter.
Fade to gray: aging in American cinema

In the over a century that has passed since people started stringing together still images in order to give them motion, filmmaking has gotten old. Over the years, new technologies such as sound sy...