cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PARTITION OF THE GENUS CLEMMYS AND RELATED PROBLEMS IN THE TAXONOMY OF THE AQUATIC TESTUDINIDAE

On the basis of presence or absence of a muscular apophysis of the basisphenoid in the floor of the recessus scalae tympani, contact of the angular bone with Mackel's cartilage, nature of the joint between the fifth and sixth cervical centra, and pygal pattern, the testudinid subfamily Emydinae as currently recognized may be divided into two subfamilies, the Batagurinae and the Emydinse. The Batagurinae are almost entirely Old-World, but have one New-World genus, Rhinoclemys (the New-World turtles generally referred to Geoemyda). The Emydinae are almost entirely New-World, with a single Old-World genus, Emys. The genus Clemmys is emydine and entirely North American: the Old-World species usually referred to Clemmys are batagurines and are here referredto two genera: Mauremys Gray for caspica, japonica and mutica [-nigrieans of most authors most of the time], and Sacalia Grey for bealei. A reclassification of the genera of Batagurinae and Emydinae is presented: the classification is based mainly on skull characters. Annamemys and Pseudocadia are considered synonyms of Mauremys mutica.
Indirect development, transdifferentiation and the macroregulatory evolution of metazoans

It is proposed here that a biphasic life cycle with partial dedifferentiation of intermediate juvenile or larval stages represents the mainstream developmental mode of metazoans. Developmental plasticity of differentiated cells is considered the essential characteristic of indirect development, rather than the exclusive development of the adult from ‘set-aside’ cells. Many differentiated larval cells of indirect developers resume proliferation, partially dedifferentiate and contribute to adult tissues. Transcriptional pluripotency of differentiated states has premetazoan origins and seems to be facilitated by histone variant H2A.Z. Developmental plasticity of differentiated states also facilitates the evolution of polyphenism. Uncertainty remains about whether the most recent common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes was a direct or an indirect developer, and how the feeding larvae of bilaterians are related to non-feeding larvae of sponges and cnidarians. Feeding ciliated larvae of bilaterians form their primary gut opening by invagination, which seems related to invagination in cnidarians. Formation of the secondary gut opening proceeds by protostomy or deuterostomy, and gene usage suggests serial homology of the mouth and anus. Indirect developers do not use the Hox vector to build their ciliated larvae, but the Hox vector is associated with the construction of the reproductive portion of the animal during feeding-dependent posterior growth. It is further proposed that the original function of the Hox cluster was in gonad formation rather than in anteroposterior diversification.
Studies on isolated cell components. IV. The effect of various solutions on the isolated rat liver nucleus.

1. The effects of morganic ions, electrolyte concentration, and pH on the appearance and volume of the isolated rat liver nucleus have been studied. Nuclei were isolated by differential centrifugation in a buffered salt-sucrose mixture at pH 7.1. Nuclear volumes were determined photographically. 2. In solutions of NaCl, of KCl, and in potassium phosphate buffers the nuclear volume decreased markedly with an increase in concentration from 0.001 M to 0.05 M but remained essentially constant with further increase in concentration to 1.0 M. The effects of CaCl2 and MgCl2 differed from those of NaCl and KCl in that a smaller volume was obtained in concentrations less than 0.15 M, and in the case of CaCl2 an increase in volume was obtained in more concentrated solutions. The volume changes are considered to be due primarily to ionic effects on the nuclear colloids rather than to osmotic behavior. 3. Treatment of nuclei with DNAase prevented the characteristic volume changes resulting from ion effects, suggesting the importance of DNA in nuclear volume changes. 4. The optical changes in isolated nuclei in various concentrations of KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, and in potassium phosphate buffers as observed under phase contrast illumination are described. CaCl2 gave the most marked nuclear changes from the conditions in the uninjured cell and caused shrinkage and granulation in 0.001 M concentration. The effects of CaCl2 were also manifested in 0.88 M sucrose, in mixtures with monovalent salts, and in serum. Changes in nuclear volume and optical appearance which occurred in salt solutions and in 0.1 N HCl were readily reversible. 5. Nuclear volume remained constant between pH 8.91 and 5.12 and decreased in more acid solutions. 6. Sucrose had no appreciable osmotic effect, and in hyperosmotic solution. (0.88 M) nuclei showed swelling and rupture comparable to that in distilled water. 7. The results are considered in relation to the requirements of nuclear isolation media. 8. Rat liver nuclei isolated in a buffered salt-sucrose medium by differential centrifugation exhibited a pattern of size distribution similar to that of fixed nuclei but were of considerably larger volume. The ratio of the volumes of the peak frequencies of the two chief size groups was 1:1.9.
G. Ledyard Stebbins and the evolutionary synthesis.

Figure 1 G. LEDYARD STEBBINS Reproduction from Original Negative by Ansel Adams, Courtesy UCR/California Museum of Photography, Sweeney/Rubin Ansel Adams FIAT LUX Collection, University of California at Riverside. ▪ Abstract More than any other individual, Stebbins synthesized knowledge from a disparate set of areas that included plant genetics, systematics, and evolution. This work culminated in 1950 with the appearance of his magnum opus, Variation and Evolution in Plants. This book gave plant evolution a coherent framework that was compatible with that emerging from the work of Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, G. G. Simpson, and Julian Huxley, and others associated with establishing the synthetic theory of evolution. For this work he is regarded as the botanical “architect” of the evolutionary synthesis.
"It's not really a menu because we can't pick what we want to do": Content integration in kindergarten contexts

In our research, we critique current curricular practices as enacted by teachers in kindergarten settings for five-year-olds (5K) in the United States. We explore how teachers of 5K students understand and implement early childhood integrated curriculum regulated by standards and assessments. In the United States, integrated curriculum guidelines are well known and taught throughout the pre-kindergarten community, are considered developmentally appropriate by Western notions, and are recommended for teaching children birth through age eight. Integrated curriculum is commonly modeled in early childhood classrooms; however, there is a dearth of research regarding implementation of such an approach at the elementary level (typically kindergarten through fifth grade). In fact, with a focus on accountability toward proficiency for all children in the United States (Race to the Top; Common Core Standards; Danielson Teacher Effectiveness Evaluations; edTPA), there has been an increased focus on discrete content area instruction. Our data include classroom observations and interviews with teachers in eight public and private 5K classes across a southeastern region of a US Midwestern state. We highlight the increased rigidity for “block content area” time in public school settings and the difficulty in following the interests of children and integrating curriculum across content areas. We call attention to the impact of increasingly regulated classroom time and subsequent regulation of teachers and childhood and suggest the creation of hybrid mentoring spaces to revisit the goal of early education and support teachers’ enactment of policy.
Opinion Lessons Learned

Geriatric subjects are unique from other populations involved in clinical research because chronological age alone reveals little about a person’s health or capabilities.[1][1] There is no single trajectory through old age; while some people become frail in their 50s, some 80- and 90-year-olds
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Systems

With the development of extracranial stereotactic radiation, there has been an evolution of hardware and software technology to cope with the challenges of SBRT. Advances in immobilization, beam characteristics, image guidance and on-line tracking including continuous respiratory motion management have led to the ability to successfully deliver SBRT with confidence. This chapter explores the capabilities of various SBRT systems.
Targeting reciprocal feedback inhibition in the clinic: ARN509 and PI3K pathway inhibition in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

TPS5106 Background: Next-generation androgen receptor (AR) targeted agents provide dramatic benefit to patients with mCRPC, but the durability of response can be limited by intrinsic and acquired r...
Crisis Management in Schools: Best Practices for Supervising Students with Special Needs or Disabilities.

This study examined this issue at two large public school districts in the New York City Metropolitan Region.┬a The researcherΓCOs goal was to gain more insight as it pertains to managing students with special needs or disabilities during emergencies.┬a A series of qualitative interviews with special education professionals were conducted.┬a The school officials that participated in this study have all worked with students with special needs or disabilities for at least 3 years. In addition, Situational Leadership Theory and Decision Theory were analyzed to see if their concepts are applicable to crisis management in schools.┬a The anticipated end goal of this study was to form a knowledge base of crisis management ΓC£best practicesΓC¥ that can be used by school officials that work with students with special needs or disabilities.
Homework “Dose,” Type, and Helpfulness as Predictors of Clinical Outcomes in Prolonged Exposure for PTSD

Homework is often viewed as central to prolonged exposure (PE) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but its relationship with treatment outcome is not well understood. We evaluated homework type, dose, and patients' perceptions of helpfulness as predictors of symptom change and posttreatment outcomes in PE. Patients with chronic PTSD received PE in a randomized clinical trial. Independent evaluators assessed PTSD severity at pre- and posttreatment. Patients reported homework adherence and perceived helpfulness at the beginning of each session, separately for in vivo and imaginal exposure assignments. These variables were examined as predictors of change in PTSD symptoms, PTSD remission, and good end-state functioning (GESF; low PTSD, depression, and anxiety) at posttreatment. Higher imaginal homework adherence predicted greater symptom improvement between sessions and across treatment, as well as twice the odds of achieving remission and GESF. Patients who were at least moderately adherent to imaginal homework assignments (two or more times a week) reported more symptom gains than those who were least adherent but did not differ from those who were most adherent. In vivo adherence was not consistently associated with better outcome, perhaps due to heterogeneity in form and function of weekly assignments. Higher ratings of helpfulness of both types of homework predicted greater symptom improvement from pre- to posttreatment and between sessions. Overall, imaginal exposure homework may complement in-session exposures by enhancing key change processes, though perfect adherence is not necessary. Patients' perceptions of helpfulness may reflect buy-in or perceived match between homework completion and functional impairment. Clinically, in addition to targeting adherence to homework assignments, querying about perceived helpfulness and adjusting assignments appropriately may help augment clinical gains.
Resource Allocation With Partially Overlapping Filtered Multitone in Cognitive Heterogeneous Networks

Partially overlapping tones have recently been offered as a new solution to reduce the other user interference in cognitive heterogeneous networks. By introducing intentional carrier frequency shift, the users can exploit the gaps between the subcarriers. In this letter, we perform game theoretical resource allocation with partially overlapping filtered multitone signaling. To achieve the resource allocation, a secondary base station slides a group of consecutive subcarriers through all available ones and computes the utility for each selected subcarriers. It picks the consecutive ones, which give the highest capacity result. By performing this scheme, the other user interference is reduced significantly with a slightly slower convergence rate.
Current Algebra, Vector Dominance, and the Decay K L 0 → π + π − π 0 γ

We have calculated the decay rate and photon energy spectrum for the decay mode ${{K}_{L}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}$. Neglecting small $\mathrm{CP}$-violating effects, we have related the $E1$ amplitude for ${{K}_{L}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ to the amplitude for ${{K}_{L}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ using current algebra and the hypothesis of a partially conserved axial-vector current. We have found for the branching ratio $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({{K}_{L}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma})}{(\ensuremath{\Gamma}{{K}_{L}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma})}=0.16%$. Using the present experimental upper limit on ${{K}_{L}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ we estimate $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({{K}_{L}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({{K}_{L}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{all})}$ 3.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$. We have also determined the same branching ratio based on the $\ensuremath{\rho}$-dominance model, and we find good agreement with the corresponding result of current algebra.
Implementation of a method for Developing WebGIS

The paper outlined the characteristics and techniques of traditional WebGIS. Based on the analysis,a new scheme to construct WebGIS was designed. Then the paper expatiated the principle and advantage of the new scheme which integrates the Google Maps API as the priciple funcitons with correct web map platform and web developing platform,taking the Chanzhutan map browsing system as a case.
Pneumonia in the elderly

Pneumonia from bacterial and viral agents is the fourth leading cause of death in persons over age 65, accounting for 169.7 deaths per 100,000 persons per year. This high incidence of infection is the result of aging itself as well as age-related coexisting illnesses and their therapies. These factors combine to affect upper and lower respiratory tract host defenses adversely against invading pathogens. Gram-negative colonization of the oropharynx, followed by the spread of bacteria to the tracheobronchial tree, commonly precedes the development of pneumonia. Bacterial adherence is one important and modifiable pathogenetic factor that leads to colonization at both of these sites. Diagnosis of pneumonia in the elderly is often thwarted by difficulties in recognizing infection, as signs and symptoms differ from those observed in younger patients. Therapy is confounded by the frequent inability to obtain adequate culture material to establish a likely pathogen and by altered drug metabolism. In this instance epidemiologic data may be helpful in guiding therapy. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common pathogen in community patients, followed by Legionella pneumophila and enteric gram-negative bacilli. Hospitalized and institutionalized individuals are commonly infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae and other enteric gram-negative bacilli, and Legionella pneumophila and Streptococcus pneumoniae are also found. Because recognition of pneumonia may be difficult and therapy is fraught with problems, mortality is high in the elderly. Accordingly, serious attention must be paid to prevention. Prophylaxis includes the use of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines as well as careful attention to the patient's host defense status. Disease states leading to impairment of the immune system should be sought, and efforts should be made to improve host factors that assist the individual in removing invading pathogens.
Urinary undiversion--when and how.

Urinary undiversion is a safe procedure with low failure rates. However, patients require careful follow-up, even when things appear to be going well. Early results are excellent, but 10 to 15 year follow-ups are not yet available. Urinary undiversion is endorsed in patients with normal bladders and no neurological deficits, but caution is recommended in patients with myelodysplasia.
Improved Mood State and Absence of Sex Differences in Response to the Stress of Army Basic Combat Training

Background It is reported that women are more susceptible to stress than men but they have not been compared in stressful, real-world, team-centered, occupational/training environments. This study investigated effects of Army Basic Combat Training (BCT), a structured military training program, on the mood of young adult men and women. Methods Using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire, 169 soldiers (98 men and 71 women) were assessed prior to starting BCT and after each phase of training. Results Significant improvements were found in five of six subscales over the course of BCT. Men and women responded positively and similarly to BCT. POMS scores attributable to an interaction of time and each factor of sex, age group, education level, ethnicity, and race were not significantly different. Conclusions When studied in the same environment and exposed to the same stressors, men and women in this study responded similarly. The positive changes in mood in both sexes during BCT appear to result from the interaction of a structured physical and cognitive training program conducted in a team-oriented environment, and indicate that BCT enhances soldier mood similarly regardless of sex.
Nietzsche: The Therapeutic Function of Genealogy

Throughout this book, we have been developing, with Freudian resources, an account of qualified freedom. Human interpretation crucially enters into inheriting our personal and cultural histories, negotiating the demands of society, and expressing the basic drives possessed by embodied beings, but that activity also emerges out of these different conditions and is constrained by them. Nineteenth-century German philosophy tries to make sense of a divided self whose relation to the world and its own psyche are deeply troubled — limited epistemically and afflicted by forces that problematize its capacity for rational self-determination. We have discussed various attempts to come to terms what it means to be a situated subject: Fichte’s appeal to the Anstoss, the hermeneutic circle, and Marx’s challenge to the distinction between thinking and matter, among others. However, no philosopher challenges the model of the sovereign, self-possessed subject more than Nietzsche, whose work decisively rejects the faith in reason and progressive history that reaches its culmination in the work of Hegel.
Explorations of the Indenofluorenes and Expanded Quinoidal Analogues.

ConspectusHighly conjugated hydrocarbons have attracted interest for use as active materials in electronic devices such as organic field effect transistors (OFET) and organic photovoltaics (OPV). In this Account, we review our progress in synthesizing and studying a new class of small molecules for potential use as organic semiconductors. The idea originated from prior research on octadehydrodibenz[12]annulene, as the system can undergo double transannular cyclization to yield the indeno[1,2-b]fluorene skeleton. Subsequent functionalization afforded the first stable, well-characterized indeno[1,2-b]fluorene derivatives, albeit in minute quantities (tens of milligrams). The preparation of these formally antiaromatic compounds has since been optimized: the new synthetic routes utilize inexpensive starting materials, involve robust and high-yielding transformations, and are amenable to considerably larger scale reaction. We have since researched the chemical space of indeno[1,2-b]fluorenes and related quinoi...
Pituitary Dysfunction after Radiation for Anterior Skull Base Malignancies: Incidence and Screening

Background Management of anterior cranial base malignancies requires multidisciplinary care. Radiation therapy remains a mainstay of definitive or adjuvant treatment. Apart from primary hypothyroidism, the effects of radiation on the hypothalamic–pituitary axis after high-dose treatment of head and neck malignancies remain poorly described. We describe a comprehensive screening protocol for surveillance and characterize the incidence of pituitary dysfunction after radiation for anterior cranial base malignancies. Methods A review of patients prospectively enrolled in a skull base registry at an academic center was performed. Included patients had a history of anterior skull base malignancy and external beam radiation to the primary site, with comprehensive post-treatment pituitary serologies and at least 1 year of post-radiation follow-up. Routine hormonal screening was initiated during the study period for all patients with anterior skull base irradiation. Results Eighty-one patients met inclusion. Fifty-eight patients (71%) demonstrated some laboratory abnormality. Thirty patients (37%) demonstrated evidence of hypopituitarism. Twenty-four (29%) demonstrated central hypogonadism, and 16% of patients showed central hypothyroidism. Ten patients (12%) displayed central adrenal insufficiency with six patients demonstrating panhypopituitarism. Primary tumor location and maximum dose of radiation to the gland appeared to correlate with incidence of hypopituitarism. Conclusion Radiation for malignancies of the anterior skull base resulted in a 37% incidence of hypopituitarism in our study. Given the potential morbidity of hypopituitarism, we recommend annual post-treatment screening in these patients. We describe a comprehensive set of serologies that can be utilized, and recommend updating clinical guidelines to reflect the necessity of this screening.
Age-based differences in the predictive accuracy of a one-size-fits-all risk-cutoff value in prenatal integrated screening for Down syndrome

Objective To assess variation in detection and false positive rates and adverse pregnancy outcomes across different age groups when a one-size-fits-all risk-cutoff value, such as 1/270, is used in integrated screening for Down syndrome. Method A Monte Carlo simulation was utilized to estimate the detection and false positive rates as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes. Results Using a one-size-fits-all risk-cutoff value, such as 1/270, can result in considerably high variations in detection and false positive rates across maternal ages, and lead to a higher than the minimum possible total number of adverse outcomes. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the one-size-fits-all risk-cutoff value of 1/270, commonly used in DS screening, should be revisited and alternative (possibly age-based) cutoff values and strategies should be considered.
The Annals of the Poor—Rural and Conversion Narratives: Elizabeth Campbell, Christian Watt, Elizabeth Oakley, Mrs. Collier, Jane Andrew, and Barbara Farquhar

In this chapter I consider the autobiographies of women of largely rural or provincial backgrounds, marginal incomes, or precarious health. The first section is devoted to the reminiscences of Elizabeth Oakley, a servant and farmer’s wife; Elizabeth Campbell, a servant, factory worker, and modestly published poet; and Christian Watt, a widowed fishwife who wrote her diary while institutionalized after a nervous breakdown left her unable to feed her large family. Though all of the autobiographers discussed in this chapter were religious, spiritual experiences or views provided the main impetus for the memoirs of those discussed in the second section: Jane Andrew, an invalided orphan; Barbara Farquhar, a “Labourer’s Daughter” and author of a treatise promoting Sundays as a day of rest; and A. Collier, a “Bible-Woman” who sought divine help in her struggles to cope with the sporadic hunger and physical violence she endured.
A stabilization problem for Burgers’ equation with unbounded control and observation

In this paper we consider several control problems governed by Burgers’ equation. We use a linearized model to compute feedback control laws and apply these laws to the full nonlinear model. We investigate problems with unbounded inputs and observations. A finite element scheme is used to compute feedback gains and several numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the theoretical results.
Chapter 7 The Evolving Perceptual-Motor Workspace in Infancy

Abstract In this paper we draw links between the theory for change in coordination of Zanone, Kelso & Jeka and the developmental perception-action coupling phenomena identified by Schmuckler. The commentary is developed from the background of our own emerging theoretical framework for an understanding of perception-action coupling in the development of coordination. A central feature of our commentary captures the change in coordination in development through the concept of an evolving perceptual-motor workspace. The development of coordination in infancy is considered as a manifestation of exploratory behavior that affords the discovery and integration of new behavioral patterns in the perceptual-motor repertoire.
The Suppression of Ovarian Function by Chemosignals

Endocrine regulation of ovarian function has been well worked out in recent years. While many mysteries remain for the reproductive endocrinologist to solve, the basic role of pituitary gonadotropins and the releasing factors regulating their levels have been well described (Kalra and Kalra, 1985). One system of internal regulating mechanisms is the pineal gland and its secretions. Interest has quickened recently in the role that this organ and its primary secretion, melatonin, play in suppressing reproductive functions (Tamarkin et al., 1985). We must postpone discussion of these internal regulating mechanisms because so little is known about how social signals influence suppressive physiological functions. The purpose of this paper is to review a selection of examples in which chemosignals have been shown to play a role in suppressing reproductive function.
The Person in Relation to Society

Temple’s moral and social philosophy taken together serve to point up both the merits and defects of his philosophical approach as an examination of the following issues will substantiate: (1) the relation of potentially valuable objects independent of man to man’s experience of them; (2) the significance and efficacy of human will in man’s quest for ethical goodness; (3) the role that the foreseeable consequences of an act play in deciding one’s obligation in a given situation; (4) the application of fundamental Christian social principles to the existing political and economic orders.
Apply a Fuzzy Logic Controller to Suppress Noises and Coupling Effects for a Laser Tracking System

The design and implementation of a fuzzy logic controller for the laser tracking system is discussed and presented in this chapter. The effectiveness of the FLC in suppression of noises and disturbances is assessed with both simulation and experimental studies, and the comparison between the PID control and FLC for both transient and steady state performance is also conducted based on the experimental results obtained from Robotics Center at Florida Atlantic University. Evidently the FLC has a superior performance than that of PID control, especially in the environment in which relatively large disturbances and noises are presented for the control systems.
Effect of body mass index on outcomes of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

e18004 Background: Obesity is increasingly common in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Obese patients are thought to have poorer outcomes after HSCT due to excess ...
Troponin Structure and Function in Health and Disease

Troponin (Tn) is a heterotrimeric protein containing three subunits (C, T, and I) with different molecular weights and distinctive functions. The subunits of Tn work cohesively to regulate the contraction and relaxation activities of striated muscles: troponin C (TnC) binds calcium (Ca2+), troponin T (TnT) interacts with tropomyosin (Tm) and anchors Tn to actin, and troponin I (TnI) inhibits the ATPase activity of the actomyosin cross-bridge and effectively blocks the myosin binding site on actin subunits. At a genetic level, there are 8 distinctive Tn genes (isoforms) which code for tissue specific, heart and skeletal muscle protein subunits: TNNI, TNN2, TNN3, TNNT1, TNNT2, TNNT3, TNNC1, and TNNC2. The gene isoforms are regulated throughout development via post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications. Genetic mutations in any of the three protein subunits could be linked to hypertrophic, dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathies. Tn release by damaged cardiomyocytes is clinically utilized as a biomarker for myocardial infarction, and its release into the serum is measured at specific times post injury for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. Current tests that measure serum Tn are fifth generation assays which have improved sensitivity and specificity compared to previous assays. However, increased serum Tn levels have been seen in chronic diseases such as Fabry disease and chronic renal disease. Therefore, it is important to remember that when clinically evaluating a patient, Tn levels are only one piece of the puzzle as patients’ history, symptoms, etc. are essential for making an accurate diagnosis.
Women’s participation in peace processes: a review of literature

Women play a prominent role in bringing about peace in post-conflict societies. Several studies have found the systematic and representative inclusion of women in conflict resolution processes to s...
Glossary of computational terms as a stimulus to programming logic: a case study with deaf students

This research full paper presents that Brazilian deaf community has conquered rights in the area of education, and in recent years, with the increase of the enrollment of deaf people in educational establishments, there is a need to elaborate new specific signs of LIBRAS for technical terms of specific courses in different areas. The objective of this work is develop a computational glossary of signals in LIBRAS with the reserved words of the SuperLOGO programming environments and the NXT robotics software. In addition, programming logic and geometry learning in deaf students will be stimulated. The work will be carried out in a bilingual high school, in the mathematics discipline. To validate the glossary and the development process of the students’ knowledge will be used categories of pedagogical evaluation and content analysis. The use of these programming softwares combined with the glossary demonstrated the ability to build knowledge in programming logic and geometry that would be hampered by the language barrier. We conclude that the signs developed for the glossary enable the deaf to access complex terms of computing, providing the same possibilities of educational development as their fellow listeners.
Using synthetic model systems to understand charge separation and spin dynamics in photosynthetic reaction centers.

Our current work in modeling reaction center dynamics has resulted in the observation of each major spin-dependent photochemical pathway that is observed in reaction centers. The development of new, simpler model systems has permitted us to probe deeply into the mechanistic issues that drive these dynamics. Based on these results we have returned to biomimetic chlorophyll-based electron donors to mimic these dynamics. Future studies will focus on the details of electronic structure and energetic of both the donor-acceptor molecules and their surrounding environment that dictate the mechanistic pathways and result in efficient photosynthetic charge separation.
Confederate Statues and Their Dirty Laundry

Since 2015, America has witnessed a profound shift in aggregate public sentiments toward Confederate statues and symbols. That shift was keenly felt on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin (UT), culminating in the removal of four such statues in 2015 and 2017. However, an inquiry into their creation points to an equally significant shift in sentiments during the 1920s. UT's statues were commissioned in 1919 by George Littlefield, a Confederate veteran and university regent, as part of a larger war memorial. The ostensible purpose of that memorial was to commemorate veterans of both the Civil War and World War I. However, during the 1920s, a new generation of university leaders rejected Littlefield's design—and with it the assertion that the services of Civil and World War veterans were morally congruent and united in a common historical trajectory. This article tracks the ways in which they quietly and yet profoundly undermined the project, causing it to be significantly delayed and then extensively altered. Meanwhile, students and veterans improvised their own commemorative practices that were in stark contrast to the Confederate generation—the latter wanted to remember, while the former wanted to forget.
Nutrient and pesticide remediation using a two-stage bioreactor-adsorptive system under two hydraulic retention times.

Abstract Nutrients and pesticides in agricultural runoff contribute to the degradation of water resources. Nitrates and phosphates can be remediated through the use of treatment systems such as woodchip bioreactors and adsorbent aggregate filters; however, concerns remain over potential effects of pesticides on nutrient removal efficiency in these systems. To test this, we designed laboratory-scale woodchip bioreactors equipped with secondary adsorbent aggregate filters and investigated the capacity of these systems to remediate nutrients when operated under two hydraulic retention times (HRT) and in the presence of commonly used pesticides. The woodchip bioreactors effectively removed over 99% of nitrate per day when operated under a 72 h hydraulic retention time, with the secondary expanded shale aggregate filters consistently reducing phosphate concentrations by 80–87%. Treatment efficacy of both systems was maintained in the presence of the insecticide chlorpyrifos. Reducing HRT in the bioreactors to 21 min decreased nitrate removal efficiency; however, the insecticides bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, and the herbicide oxyfluorfen were reduced by 76%, 63%, and 31%, respectively. Cultivation approaches led to the isolation of 45 different species from the woodchip bioreactors operated under a 21 min HRT, with Bacillus species being the most prevalent throughout the treatment. By contrast, pesticide application decreased the number and diversity of Bacillus isolates and enriched for Pseudomonas and Exiguobacterium species. Woodchip bioreactors and adsorbent aggregate filters provide effective treatment platforms to remediate agrochemicals, where they maintain treatment efficacy in the presence of pesticides and can be modulated through HRT management to achieve environmental and operational water quality goals.
Structural evolution drives diversification of the large LRR‐RLK gene family

●Cells are continuously exposed to chemical signals that they must discriminate between and respond to appropriately. In embryophytes, the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) are signal receptors critical in development and defense. LRR-RLKs have diversified to hundreds of genes in many plant genomes. Although intensively studied, a well-resolved LRR-RLK gene tree has remained elusive. ●To resolve the LRR-RLK gene tree, we developed an improved gene discovery method based on iterative hidden Markov model searching and phylogenetic inference. We used this method to infer complete gene trees for each of the LRR-RLK subclades and reconstructed the deepest nodes of the full gene family. ●We discovered that the LRR-RLK gene family is even larger than previously thought, and that protein domain gains and losses are prevalent. These structural modifications, some of which likely predate embryophyte diversification, led to misclassification of some LRR-RLK variants as members of other gene families. Our work corrects this misclassification. ●Our results reveal ongoing structural evolution generating novel LRR-RLK genes. These new genes are raw material for the diversification of signaling in development and defense. Our methods also enable phylogenetic reconstruction in any large gene family.
XANTHINE OXIDASE EXPRESSION IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC CAROTID PLAQUE IS ASSOCIATED WITH PLAQUE VULNERABILITY AND EXPRESSION OF CD163

Xanthine oxidase (XO) expression in macrophages has been linked to pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have revealed that macrophages with increased expression of hemoglobin-haptoglobin receptor CD163 promote atherosclerotic plaque instability. We hypothesized that enhanced XO expression
Self-removing passive drain to facilitate postoperative care via telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Author(s): Qualliotine, Jesse R; Orosco, Ryan K | Abstract: BackgroundTelehealth postoperative visits are an attractive strategy to minimize exposure, especially during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. The use of a surgical drain often prevents this minimal-exposure approach in that patients return to the outpatient clinic for drain removal.Methods and resultsFollowing unilateral neck dissection, the customary closed-suction drain was replaced with a self-removing, passive drain dressing to facilitate same-day discharge and telehealth postoperative follow-up. The patient removed the dressing and drain at home during a telehealth visit on postoperative day 4 and she healed favorably without any signs of infection or seroma.ConclusionsWhen thoughtfully applied in the appropriate clinical context, small practice adaptations like this can facilitate telehealth solutions that diminish unnecessary exposure for patients, their caregivers, and health care staff.
Analysing the link between environmental performance and sovereign credit risk

This study investigates the effects of a country’s environmental performance on sovereign credit risk. We use sovereign credit default swap (CDS) spreads for a large panel of countries to analyse w...
A retrotransposon gag-like-3 gene RTL3 and SOX-9 co-regulate the expression of COL2A1 in chondrocytes.

Transposable elements are known to remodel gene structure and provide a known source of genetic variation. Retrotransposon gag-like-3 (RTL3) is a mammalian retrotransposon-derived transcript (MART)...
The Role of Liver Imaging in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder characterized by spontaneous epistaxis, telangiectasia, and visceral vascular malformations. Hepatic vascular malformations are common, though a minority are symptomatic. Symptoms are dependent on the severity and exact type of shunting caused by the hepatic malformation: Arteriosystemic shunting leads to manifestations of high output cardiac failure, and arterioportal shunting leads to portal hypertension. Radiologic imaging, including ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is an important tool for assessing liver involvement. Doppler ultrasonography is the first-line screening modality for HHT-related liver disease, and it has a standardized scale. Imaging can determine whether shunting is principally to the hepatic vein or the portal vein, which can be a key determinant of patients’ symptoms. Liver-related complications can be detected, including manifestations of portal hypertension, focal liver masses as well as ischemic cholangiopathy. Ultrasound and MRI also have the ability to quantify blood flow through the liver, which in the future may be used to determine prognosis and direct antiangiogenic therapy.
Design and methods of a multi-site randomized controlled trial of an integrated care model of long-acting injectable buprenorphine with infectious disease treatment among persons hospitalized with infections and opioid use disorder.

Abstract Background Hospitalization with co-occurring opioid use disorder (OUD) and infections presents a critical time to intervene to improve outcomes for these intertwined epidemics that are typically managed separately. A surge in life-threatening infectious diseases associated with injection drug use, including bacterial and fungal infections, HIV, and HCV accounts for substantial healthcare utilization, morbidity, and mortality. Infectious Disease (ID) specialists manage severe infections that require hospitalization and are a logical resource to engage patients in medication treatment for OUD (MOUD). An injectable long-acting monthly formulation of buprenorphine (LAB) has a potential advantage for initiating MOUD within hospital settings and bridging to treatment after discharge. Methods A randomized multi-site trial tests a new model of care (ID/LAB) in which OUD and infections are managed by ID specialists and hospitalists using LAB coupled with referrals to community resources for long-term MOUD. A sample of 200 adults admitted to three U.S. hospitals for OUD and infections are randomly assigned 1:1 to ID/LAB or treatment as usual (TAU). The primary outcome measure is the proportion of patients enrolled in effective MOUD at 12 weeks after randomization. Secondary outcomes include relapse to opioid use, adherence to infectious disease treatment, infection morbidity and mortality, and drug overdose. Results We describe the design, procedures, statistical analysis, and early implementation issues of this randomized trial. Conclusions Study findings will provide insight into the feasibility and effectiveness of integrated treatment of OUD and serious infections and have the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.
Bayesian-Based Constructivist Computational Models

In this chapter, we introduce the fourth, and since the 1990s, arguably one of the most important components of AI research. This is called the probabilistic, or often the stochastic, approach to understanding our world. It is used in applications across the AI spectrum including understanding, generating, and translating human languages; it is used for machine learning, vision systems, and the control of robots and other complex processes. We demonstrate the use of probabilistic models for diagnosing complex situations, including a program for the monitoring and control of nuclear power generation. The goal of this chapter is to offer computational accountability and epistemic sufficiency for the constructivist rapprochement and epistemic conjectures proposed in Chap. 7.
Fine scale population structure and extensive gene flow within an Eastern Nearctic snake complex (Pituophis melanoleucus)

Understanding the processes and mechanisms that promote lineage divergence is a central goal in evolutionary biology. For instance, studies investigating the spatial distribution of genomic variation often highlight biogeographic barriers underpinning geographic isolation, as well as patterns of isolation by environment and isolation by distance that can also lead to lineage divergence. However, the patterns and processes that shape genomic variation and drive lineage divergence may be taxa-specific, even across closely related taxa co-occurring within the same biogeographic region. Here, we use molecular data in the form of ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) to infer the evolutionary relationships and population genomic structure of the Eastern Pinesnake complex (Pituophis melanoleucus) - a polytypic wide-ranging species that occupies much of the Eastern Nearctic. In addition to inferring evolutionary relationships, population genomic structure, and gene flow, we also test relationships between genomic diversity and putative barriers to dispersal, environmental variation, and geographic distance. We present results that reveal shallow population genomic structure and ongoing gene flow, despite an extensive geographic range that transcends geographic features found to reduce gene flow among many taxa, including other squamate reptiles within the Eastern Nearctic. Further, our results indicate that the observed genomic diversity is spatially distributed as a pattern of isolation by distance and suggest that the current subspecific taxonomy do not adhere to independent lineages, but rather, show a significant amount of admixture across the entire P. melanoleucus range.
The Link Between Neuroticism and Everyday Cognitive Failures is Mediated by Self-Reported Mindfulness Among College Students.

Neuroticism has been linked to an increased likelihood of cognitive failures, including episodes of inattentiveness, forgetfulness, or accidents causing difficulties in successfully executing every...
A note on terminal value problems for fractional differential equations on infinite interval

Abstract In this note we establish sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of solutions of terminal value problems for a class of fractional differential equations on infinite interval. Some illustrative examples are comprehended to demonstrate the proficiency and utility of our results.
Are Virginia Capital Jurors Any Different From the Rest

Next to Texas, no state has executed more capital defendants than Virginia. Moreover, the likelihood of a death sentence actually being carried out is greater in Virginia than it is elsewhere, while the length of time between the imposition of a death sentence and its actual execution is shorter. Virginia has thus earned a reputation among members of the defense bar as being among the worst of the death penalty states. Yet insofar as these facts about Virginia's death penalty relate primarily to the behavior of state and federal appellate courts, they suggest that what makes Virginia's death penalty unique is the way in which state and federal appeals courts superintend the capital appeals process in Virginia. Other participants in the system, such as jurors, are thus not necessarily implicated in Virginia's uniqueness. We wanted to get a better sense of whether or not Virginia's death penalty might also be unique, due not only to the behavior of its state and federal appeals courts, but also to the behavior of its jurors. Accordingly, we used the Capital Jury Project (CJP) questionnaire to conduct lengthy and intensive interviews with sixteen jurors who sat on capital cases in Virginia. Comparing our results with results from CJP interviews with jurors in other states, we suggest that Virginia jurors are not unique. Virginia jurors appear to think and behave more or less like jurors in other states, and consequently, they display the same range of problems as do jurors in other states. Virginia jurors are thus as good or bad as other jurors, but our results do not suggest that they are significantly any different.