cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of impedance ratio for the continuous measurement of stroke volume of a valveless pouch used as a cardiac-assist device

A technique is described for measuring the volume of a valveless compressible plastic pouch and its volume change when used as a cardiac-assist device. The method employs measuring the pouch impedance at high frequency with sleeve electrodes at both ends of the pouch. The use of an adequately high frequency eliminates the electrode impedance, and the impedance measured is that of the resistance of the electrolyte in the pouch. By equating the compressible pouch to two truncated cones with their bases adjacent, an equation is derived that relates pouch impedance to volume. It is shown that by plotting the stroke volume ejected ( Delta V) versus the ratio of systolic (R/sub S/) to diastolic (R/sub d/) impedance, the resulting relationship is independent of the resistivity of the fluid in the pouch. Validation tests were made with a 100 mL pouch filled with solutions having resistivities of 60, 102, 145, and 192 Omega -cm. The method permits calibration of the volume of a valveless pouch used as a circulatory-assist device regardless of changes in packed-cell volume. >
Natural language processing in support of decision-making: phrases and part-of-speech tagging

The use of natural language information can improve decision-making. Darwinian considerations suggest that language may have developed because it leads to improved decision-making and survival, justifying the study of language's contribution to decision-making. The study of information-based decision-making within the context of evolution provides a view of information use that allows us to both describe the phenomenon of information use as well as to explain why an information use occurs as it does. Increasing information retrieval performance using phrases and part-of-speech (POS) information is one example of a type of decision-making performance that is improved when using this linguistic information. By studying a set of phrases used in a text retrieval system, we are able to show the relative effectiveness of using multi-term phrases as opposed to individual terms, as well as the relative worth of POS tagged terms or phrases, as opposed to untagged terms or phrases. An explanation is suggested for why POS tags contribute less to higher order grammatical constructs. We propose a measure of those needs for POS disambiguation that can be addressed by tagging; some example terms are analyzed using this measure, and specific degrees of ambiguity are proposed.
Driver-assist steering by active front steering and differential braking: Design, implementation and experimental evaluation of a switched model predictive control approach

We investigate the coordination of active front steering and differential braking in a driver-assist steering system that aims at stabilizing the vehicle and achieving the desired yaw rate. Basing on a piecewise affine model of the vehicle steering dynamics formulated with respect to the tire slip angles and the steering angle we implement a switched model predictive controller to coordinate active front steering and differential braking. The switched controller is synthesized by multiparametric programming, resulting in a piecewise affine feedback law whose stability properties and computational effort can be analyzed with available tools. The controller response in different maneuvers is evaluated in simulations and experimentally on a low friction test track.
Partial Scan with Pre-selected Scan Signals

A partial scan approach proposed recently selects scan signals without considering the availability of the ip-ops (FFs). Such an approach can greatly reduce the number of scan signals since maximum freedom is allowed in scan signal selection. To actually scan the selected signals, we, however, must make them FF-driving signals. In this paper, we study the problem of modifying and retiming a circuit to make a pre-selected set of scan signals FF-driving signals while preserving the set of cycles being broken. We present a new approach for solving this problem. Based on the new approach we design an efficient algorithm. Unlike a previous algorithm which inherently has no control over the area overhead incurred during the modification, our algorithm explicitly minimizes the area overhead. The algorithm has been implemented and encouraging results were obtained.
Cervical Accessory Respiratory Muscle Function in a Patient with a High Cervical Cord Lesion

The function of the accessory respiratory muscles (ARM) of the neck were studied in a quadriplegic patient suffering from a C 2-3 lesion of the cervical spinal cord. Subtotal expiratory paralysis resulted in an essentially complete loss of expiratory reserve volume such that residual volume and functional residual capacity were equal (RV = FRC). Tidal volume and vital capacity were severely reduced. Being extrinsic to the chest, the ARM of the neck functioned independently of changes in thoracic gas volume; however, their performance appeared posturedependent, and was less efficient in the sitting position. Despite the fact that the ARM preferentially expanded the upper part of the ribcage, significant V/Q mismatch did not seem to occur. Voluntary use of glossopharyngeal breathing (GPB) greatly enhanced the patient's ventilatory capability. Flow volume data during GPB documented the efficiency of the glossopharyngeal muscles, which function as a positive pressure pump to force air into the lungs.
Biochemical monitoring of children with neuroblastoma

Summary In this article, a short review is given of the biochemical aspects of diagnosis, estimation of prognosis and follow-up of neuroblastoma in children. The importance of determination of patterns of DOPA-metabolites, rather than single metabolite assay, is stressed and illustrated by patient cases. Also the relevance of urinary cystathionine and β -amino-isobutyric acid is indicated.
Ascending Freshwater–Mesohaline Mixing: A New Scenario for Dolomitization

Abstract The process of mixing-zone dolomitization has received enough criticism in recent years to suggest that it no longer be considered viable for making large amounts of dolomite. This study proposes an alternative model that still requires fluid mixing. In this model, ascending flow of freshwater mixes with evaporated seawater, leading to extensive dolomitization. The new model is constrained by data from upper Miocene strata of southeast Spain, where dolomite yields fluid-inclusion Tm-ice data that range from −0.2 to −2.3 °C, indicating precipitation from fluids of 4 to 43 ppt seawater salt equivalent, thus confirming fluid mixing. The δ13C and δ18O of the dolomite ranges from −4.5 to +3.0‰ VPDB and +0.9 to +6.0‰ VPDB, respectively, and displays positive covariance. Although such positive covariation may represent fluid mixing, the mixing of two dolomites during sampling, or an originally homogeneous dolomite that has been partially altered (recrystallized), fluid-inclusion data and cathodoluminescence petrography disprove the mixture during sampling and partial-alteration hypotheses. Modeling of the most positive dolomite δ18O values indicates an evaporated seawater endmember of 43 ppt salinity, identical to that of the most saline fluid inclusions. Because paleotopography is preserved in the study area, the spatial variation in dolomite geochemistry can be mapped to evaluate if it is consistent with the hydrogeology of a typical mixing-zone model or an alternative. The data reveal that both downdip and updip areas were influenced by high-salinity and low-salinity fluid endmembers, and that stratigraphically lower units have more depleted δ13C and δ18O than upper units. These results are consistent with a model of upward flow of freshwater that provides the mechanism of mixing of freshwater and evaporated seawater. Upward flow and degassing of CO2 from loss of pressure contributed to nearly platform-wide dolomitization in this succession, and may have analogs in other ancient successions.
Primary skull lesions in the pediatric population: a 25-year experience.

Abstract Context.—Primary skull lesions are rare in the pediatric population. The differential diagnosis of these lesions is broad and includes both congenital and acquired lesions. Previous studies of skull lesions in the pediatric population suggest that dermoid/epidermoid tumors are the most common childhood skull tumors. Objective.—To review the clinicopathologic features of primary skull lesions identified within the pediatric population of an academic tertiary medical center. Design.—A retrospective review of surgical pathology reports during a 25-year period identified 19 primary skull lesions occurring in the pediatric population. Lesions were excluded if they were of known soft tissue or intracranial origin with secondary calvarial involvement, or if they represented a metastasis from a known primary malignancy. Results.—Nineteen primary skull lesions were identified in 11 male (58%) and 8 female (42%) patients, with a median age at diagnosis of 9.5 years. These lesions were usually benign and mo...
The Creation and Control of Speculative Bubbles in a Laboratory Setting

Persistent divergence of an asset price from its fundamental value has been a subject of much theoretical and empirical discussion. This paper takes an alternative approach of inquiry – that of using laboratory experiments – to study the creation and control of speculative bubbles. The following three factors are chosen for analysis: the compensation scheme of portfolio managers, wealth and supply constraints, and the relative risk aversion of traders. Under a short investment horizon induced by a tournament compensation scheme, speculative bubbles are observed in markets of speculative traders and in mixed markets of conservative and speculative traders. These results maintain with super-experienced traders who are aware of the presence of a bubble. A binding wealth constraint dampens the bubbles as does an increased supply of securities. These results are unchanged when traders risk their own money in lieu of initial endowments provided by the experimenter.
Caregiver’s Health Locus of Control and Medication Adherence in Sickle Cell Disease

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Dr. Morisky for giving us permission to use the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale Purpose To explore caregivers’ Health Locus of Control’s relationship to self-reported adherence to penicillin prophylaxis or hydroxyurea in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Procedure A questionnaire-based study was conducted of caregivers of children with SCD who visited a comprehensive sickle cell center in an inner city hospital, who were either on penicillin prophylaxis or hydroxyurea or both. Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC) and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) questionnaires were used for the study. Results Caregivers of 43 children (27 on penicillin prophylaxis, 13 on hydroxyurea, and 3 on both) completed the MHLC and the MMAS-8. There was no significant difference in adherence between the penicillin and the hydroxyurea groups. The mean Powerful Others score of caregivers of the hydroxyurea only group (25.5+5.6) was higher than that of the penicillin only group (21.2+6.1, p=0.043). Regression analysis revealed an inverse relationship of Chance Locus of Control to adherence in the entire group (Beta = − 0.306, R2=0.093, F[1,40]=4.12, p=0.049). Conclusion Chance Locus of control may identify caregivers of children with SCD at risk for non-adherence to treatment.
Path optimization by a variational reaction coordinate method. I. Development of formalism and algorithms

The development of algorithms to optimize reaction pathways between reactants and products is an active area of study. Existing algorithms typically describe the path as a discrete series of images (chain of states) which are moved downhill toward the path, using various reparameterization schemes, constraints, or fictitious forces to maintain a uniform description of the reaction path. The Variational Reaction Coordinate (VRC) method is a novel approach that finds the reaction path by minimizing the variational reaction energy (VRE) of Quapp and Bofill. The VRE is the line integral of the gradient norm along a path between reactants and products and minimization of VRE has been shown to yield the steepest descent reaction path. In the VRC method, we represent the reaction path by a linear expansion in a set of continuous basis functions and find the optimized path by minimizing the VRE with respect to the linear expansion coefficients. Improved convergence is obtained by applying constraints to the spacing of the basis functions and coupling the minimization of the VRE to the minimization of one or more points along the path that correspond to intermediates and transition states. The VRC method is demonstrated by optimizing the reaction path for the Muller-Brown surface and by finding a reaction path passing through 5 transition states and 4 intermediates for a 10 atom Lennard-Jones cluster.
Taylor Rules and the Great Inflation: Lessons from the 1970s for the Road Ahead for the Fed

Can U.S. monetary policy in the 1970s be described by a stabilizing Taylor rule with a two percent inflation target when policy is evaluated with real-time inflation and output gap data? If so, it is problematic to use the Taylor rule as a guide to good policy as the Federal Reserve implements its exit strategy from the extraordinary measures taken in 2008 and 2009 since the same policy produced the Great Inflation. Using economic research on the full employment level of unemployment and the natural rate of unemployment published between 1970 and 1977 to construct real-time output gap measures for the periods of peak unemployment, we find that the Federal Reserve did not follow a Taylor rule if appropriate measures are used. We estimate Taylor rules and find no evidence that monetary policy stabilized inflation, even allowing for changes in the inflation target. While monetary policy was stabilizing with respect to inflation forecasts, the forecasts systematically under-predicted inflation following the 1970s recessions and this does not constitute evidence of stabilizing policy. We also find that the Federal Reserve responded too strongly to negative output gaps. If the Federal Reserve stabilizes inflation and does not respond too strongly to the output gap as the recovery begins, the 2010s can be a period of good economic performance like the 1980s and 1990s rather than a repeat of the 1970s.
Fresh, Frozen, and Fabricated Eggs

Issues in regenerative, reproductive, and genetic medicine have often appeared in the first 100 issues of AJOB and are likely to appear in the next 100 as technologies develop and new iterations of...
Axisymmetric flows from fluid injection into a confined porous medium

We study the axisymmetric flows generated from fluid injection into a horizontal confined porous medium that is originally saturated with another fluid of different density and viscosity. Neglecting the effects of surface tension and fluid mixing, we use the lubrication approximation to obtain a nonlinear advection-diffusion equation that describes the time evolution of the sharp fluid-fluid interface. The flow behaviors are controlled by two dimensionless groups: M, the viscosity ratio of displaced fluid relative to injected fluid, and Γ, which measures the relative importance of buoyancy and fluid injection. For this axisymmetric geometry, the similarity solution involving R2/T (where R is the dimensionless radial coordinate and T is the dimensionless time) is an exact solution to the nonlinear governing equation for all times. Four analytical expressions are identified as asymptotic approximations (two of which are new solutions): (i) injection-driven flow with the injected fluid being more viscous tha...
Epidemic Characteristics of Measles in Xinyang City from 2004 to 2009

[Objective]To analyze the epidemic characteristics of measles in Xinyang city from 2004 to 2009,study the features of measles at present,and provide the scientific basis for achieving the measles elimination goal by 2012 in Xinyang city. [Methods]The epidemic characteristics of measles in Xinyang city from 2004 to 2009 were studied with descriptive epidemiology,and the data were processed and analyzed by Excel 2003 and SPSS13.0. [Results]The epidemic characteristics of measles in Xinyang city: ① There was obvious seasonal features,most of cases occurred from March to July,which accounted for 60.22% of total annual cases.②The young age group was dominant,and the high-risk group was the preschool children.94.34% of patients were children under 15 years old.The incidence rate of young age group was increased gradually year by year,and the incidence rate of children under 1 year old was increased from 11.68/lakh in 2004 to 435.38/lakh in 2009.③There were sporadic cases and partial outbreak.Outbreak of measles was reported in Shihe County,Xin County and Huangchuan County in 2009,and the reported incidence rate reached 50.37/lakh,36.23/lakh and 33.83/lakh respectively. [Conclusion]In recent years,the epidemic characteristics of measles in Xinyang city had changed in onset time,epidemic strength and age distribution,and the incidence of measles was increased gradually.The measles vaccination that is the effective measures for measles control should be further strengthened in Xinyang city,in order to form immunization barrier for measles among population and gradually achieve the measles elimination goal by 2012.
Macronutrient Composition or Social Determinants? Impact on Infant Outcomes With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

The purpose of this study was to examine, through a randomized, controlled trial, the effects of a maternal carbohydrate-restricted diet on maternal and infant outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Women diagnosed with GDM were randomly allocated into one of two groups: an intervention group that was placed on a lower-carbohydrate diet (35–40% of total calories) or a control group that was placed on the usual pregnancy diet (50–55% carbohydrate). A convenience sample of participants diagnosed with GDM (ages 18–45 years) was recruited from two different sites: one urban and low-income and the other suburban and more affluent. Individual face-to-face diet instruction occurred with certified diabetes educators at both sites. Participants tested their blood glucose four times daily. Specific socioeconomic status indicators included enrollment in the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children or Medicaid-funded health insurance, as well as cross-sectional census data. All analyses were based on an intention to treat. Although there were no differences found between the lower-carbohydrate and usual-care diets in terms of blood glucose or maternal-infant outcomes, there were significant differences noted between the two sites. There was a lower mean postprandial blood glucose (100.59 ± 7.3 mg/dL) at the suburban site compared to the urban site (116.3 ± 15 mg/dL) ( P <0.01), even though there was no difference in carbohydrate intake. There were increased amounts of protein and fat consumed at the suburban site ( P <0.01), as well as lower infant complications ( P <0.01). Further research is needed to determine whether these disparities in outcomes were the result of macronutrient proportions or environmental conditions.
Drought indices as drought predictors in the south-central USA

Drought is among the most insidious types of natural disasters and can have devastating economic and human health impacts. This research analyzes the relationship between two readily accessible drought indices—the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index (PHDI)—and the damage incurred by such droughts in terms of monetary loss, over the 1975–2010 time period on monthly basis, for five states in the south-central USA. Because drought damage in the Spatial Hazards Events and Losses Database for the United States (SHELDUS™) is reported at the county level, statistical downscaling techniques were used to estimate the county-level PDSI and PHDI. Correlation analysis using the downscaled indices suggests that although relatively few county–months contain drought damage reports, drought indices can be useful predictors of drought damage at the monthly temporal scale extended to 12 months and at the county-level spatial scale. The varying time lags between occurrence of drought and reporting of damage, perhaps due to varying resilience to drought intensity and duration by crop types across space, along with differing irrigation schedules and adaptation measures of the community to drought over space and time, may contribute to weakened correlations. These results present a reminder of the complexities of anticipating the effects of drought, but they contribute to the effort to improve our ability to mitigate the effects of incipient drought.
Modeling and simulating the dynamics of the “Death Star” shotgun target

Modern competitive shooting is a strenuous test of the human perceptual and motor systems. Like driving a race car or piloting a high performance aircraft, speed shooting matches require precise, rapid movements coordinated using a careful mixture of planning and reaction. In some disciplines of competitive shooting, this mixture is further complicated by complex moving targets. This paper develops a set of state space equations for a moving, reactive steel target used in professional 3-Gun competition. The equations for target motion are nonlinear, time-varying, and chaotic in certain regions of the state space. Once derived, the equations for target motion are validated against motion extracted from video. Then, the calibrated equations are implemented in real-time on a portable, laser-activated simulator. Applications of the simulation environment to marksmanship training and human motor control studies are also discussed.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ANOREXIA IN NURSING HOME PATIENTS

Health care professionals and caregivers working with elderly ‘people in both community and nursing home settings frequently encounter patients who have an unexplained loss of appetite and subsequent weight loss. This phenomenon, termed geriatric anorexia, has been vaguely attributed to psychosocial, physical, or disease factors but has not been studied systematically. This study was undertaken to determine the extent of unexplained anorexia and poor weight status in nursing home patients and to describe some factors associated with these conditions. Nursing home patient charts (N — 164) were reviewed. Prevalence of geriatric anorexia and involuntary weight loss was 59%. In about two‐thirds of the cases, the condition existed on admission; men and women exhibited similar rates. The single most common associated condition was confusion (44% of subjects). Gerontologists need to better understand this phenomenon.
Curcumin Reverses Resistance to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors In Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cells: a Potential Role for NF-κB Signaling

Abstract 3973 Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), including vorinostat (SAHA), depsipeptide (FK228), panobinostat (LBH589), belinostat (PXD101), and entinostat (SNDX275), show in-vitro and clinical activity against cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) cell lines and patients9 skin lesions [Zhang & Duvic, Expert Rev Dermatol 5: 393–401, 2010]. Vorinostat and depsipeptide were recently approved [Duvic et al, Blood 109: 31-9, 2007; Olsen et al, J Clin Oncol 25: 3109-15, 2007; Piekarz et al, J Clin Oncol 27: 5410-7, 2009], at response rates of 29% and 42%, respectively, but development of resistance remains an important clinical problem. Because we have shown that curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, exhibits anti-cancer activity through selective induction of tumor T-cell apoptosis and inhibition of NF-κB signaling in CTCL [Zhang et al, J Invest Dermatol 130: 2110-9, 2010], we now investigated whether curcumin combined with HDACi has synergistic anti-tumor effects in CTCL. HDACi-resistant MJ, HDACi-sensitive HH and HDACi cross-resistant HH/VOR CTCL cells were treated with HDACi (panobinostat, vorinostat, or enlinostat) plus or minus curcumin for up to 48 hrs. Cell viability was examined by the MTS assay and apoptosis by FACS analysis of annexin V/PI binding populations and/or cell cycle distribution. The NF-κB signaling pathway was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility gel shift assay and Western blotting. In MJ and HH cell lines, 5 nM panobinostat induced 1.4% and 11.4% apoptosis and 10 μM curcumin induced 24.5% and 29% apoptosis compared to vehicle controls. Panobinostat combined with curcumin induced 46.9% and 83.4% apoptosis in MJ and HH cell lines, respectively. Of interest, the HDACi cross-resistant HH/VOR CTCL cells were sensitive to curcumin alone and curcumin further enhanced panobinostat-induced apoptosis by 30% in the HH/VOR CTCL cells. Moreover, panobinostat combined with curcumin synergistically suppressed the DNA binding of NF-κB and decreased protein expression of the NF-κB activator RANK and NF-κBp65. Synergism was associated with down-regulation of NF-κB-regulated anti-apoptotic proteins (bcl-2, bcl-xL, and survivin), anti-proliferative proteins (c-myc and cyclooxygenase-2), and pro-invasive protein matrix metalloproteinase-9. Similar synergism was also seen when vorinostat or entinostat was combined with curcumin. These results suggest that HDACi could be combined with curcumin to enhance apoptosis of malignant T-cells through inhibition of NF-κB signaling in CTCL. Curcumin alone and in combination with HDACi may be an attractive strategy for the treatment of HDACi-refractory CTCL patients. Disclosures: Zhang:Novartis: Research Funding. Duvic:Novartis: Research Funding.
Boyles V. Kerr: The Wrong Decision at the Right Time: Implications for Mental Anguish Damages Under the DTPA

Mental anguish jurisprudence has witnessed a tumultuous evolution. Consumer law, as codified in the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act, has been uniquely impacted by the evolving law of mental anguish. Recently, the Texas Supreme Court reaffirmed the standard for recovery of mental anguish damages under the DTPA. In the case of Boyles v. Kerr, the Texas Supreme Court had the opportunity to reconcile mental anguish damages under the DTPA with mental anguish jurisprudence. However, instead of aggressively recognizing one’s interest in their emotional well-being, the court retreated, reversing almost a decade of mental anguish jurisprudence. This recently reaffirmed standard for recovery of mental anguish should be rejected. This determination is supported by the findings of a review of: 1) an historical overview of mental anguish; 2) the Texas Supreme Court’s current view of mental anguish under the DTPA; and 3) mental anguish damages under the DTPA in relation to the rules of judicial construction. The Texas Supreme Court has repeatedly recognized an individual’s right to be free from mental anguish. Yet, the court has created obstacles for the DTPA plaintiff that not only violate the drafters’ intent that the Act be liberally construed, but that are also contrary to the Act’s goals. If the court intends to recognize the individual right to be free from mental anguish, it will have to reject this standard of recovery, and not be afraid to be a leader in mental anguish jurisprudence.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Crime: Evidence from India

This paper examines the relationship between crime, inflation, unemployment, and real GDP per capita in India. Based on the national-level data, the Johansen cointegration test confirms the presence of cointegration relationship between the variables. The Toda–Yamamoto Granger causality test suggests that macroeconomic indicators, especially unemployment, can significantly affect crime in India. Based on the state-level data, the ordinary least squares results corroborate the effect of inflation on crime even after controlling for governance. However, they fail to verify the relationship between crime, unemployment, and real GDP per capita.
Therapeutic Milieu Day Program

The holistic, therapeutic milieu approach provides a conceptual as well as practical setting for meeting the complex and multifaceted remedial and therapeutic challenges encountered in postacute neuropsychological rehabilitation of the brain-injured adult. The conceptual underpinnings of the approach have been articulated by Ben-Yishay in a companion chapter in this volume (see Chapter 8). It is the aim of this chapter to describe the practical implementation of the holistic approach, as represented by the New York University Medical Center, Rusk Institute Brain Injury Day Treatment Program. It explains how the structural, programmatic, and specialized cognitive—psychotherapeutic elements, combine and reinforce one another to foster the levels of awareness, malleability, compensation, appropriateness of interpersonal behaviors, and acceptance of the consequences of the brain injury, which are essential for achieving optimal rehabilitation outcomes.
Minimonsters: Evolutionary Byproducts of In Vitro RNA Amplification

In vitro nucleic acid polymerization reactions have the potential to generate novel replicating templates as byproducts of enzymatic synthesis. These selfish templates are termed “minimonsters” in reference to their small size and rapid rate of amplification. Several minimonster sequences have been isolated from enzymatic RNA polymerization reactions and characterized in some detail. The structure and replication mechanism of two such templates are reviewed, and a new class of minimonsters that operate by a novel replication mechanism is introduced.
Vibrational Level Structures and Resonances in Triatomic Molecules: H2o

As the vibration and rotation energy of triatomic molecules is increased, the interaction of different degrees of freedom leads classically to chaotic motions. Quantum mechanically these interactions lead to energy level structures which, due to the coupling of large amplitude motions, cannot be decomposed easily into zero order vibrations and rotations. In this article we present a method of calculating, accurately and efficiently, a large number of highly excited vibration-rotation quantum states of triatomic molecules. We apply these methods to H20, and examine several questions concerning the energy level structures, in particular the normal mode/local mode “transition”, the energy level spacing distribution statistics, and effects of angular momentum on these. Coriolis coupling and asymmetric top coupling terms are included exactly, and modifications of the potential energy surface of Carter and Handy are made to obtain physically correct behaviour in the high energy regions.
Evidence-based practice guideline: elder abuse prevention.

Elder abuse occurs in all practice settings and presents in various forms. The purpose of the current evidence-based practice guideline is to facilitate health care professionals' assessment of older adults in domestic and institutional settings who are at risk for elder abuse, and to recommend interventions to reduce the incidence of mistreatment. Limited research has been conducted on interventions to prevent or reduce elder abuse. Research is available on the prevalence of elder abuse and indicators of individuals who may be more susceptible to harm. The current article summarizes prevalence and risk factors for elder abuse, instruments available to assess individuals at risk for or victims of abuse, and potential interventions to prevent or reduce elder abuse. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44(7), 21-30.].
Control of Humanoid Hopping Based on a SLIP Model

Humanoid robots are poised to play an ever-increasing role in society over the coming decades. The structural similarity of these robots to humans makes them natural candidates for applications such as elder care or search and rescue in spaces designed for human occupancy. These robots currently, however, do not have the capability for fast dynamic movements which may be required to quickly recover balance or to traverse challenging terrains. Control of a basic dynamic movement, hopping, is studied here through simulation experiments on a 26 degree of freedom humanoid model. Center of mass trajectories are planned with a spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) model and are tracked with a task-space controller. Unauthored arm movements emerge from the task-space approach to produce continuous dynamic hopping at 1.5 m/s.
The errors of measuring noise-equivalent-count-rates (NECR) using random coincidences from a delayed window

1412 Objectives Random coincidence estimation by delayed window method is used in many PET systems; however, it is not mathematically accurate. Here we present the study on the systematic errors with this method and the effects on the NECR measurements. Methods Monte Carlo simulations are used to generate the count rates of true, scatter, and random coincidences. Three phantoms are used based on the NEMA NU 4-2008 standards: a 400mm long 100mm diameter monkey phantom, a 150mm long 50mm diameter rat phantom and a 70mm long 25mm diameter mouse phantom. The PET system simulated is similar to the RRPET that consists of 180 BGO block detectors with 165mm ring diameter and 100-mm transaxial FOV and 116mm AFOV. Two policies for the multiple-events are used: Reject-all-multiples and Take-all-goods. NECR are calculated based on different random rates. Results Take-all-goods policy yields higher count rates compared to the Reject-all-goods policy. Take-all-goods underestimates the random rate and the Reject-all-multiples overestimates the randoms, which results overestimation with Take-all-goods and underestimation with Reject-all-multiples in NECR calculation. The discrepancy is more significant for smaller phantoms. Conclusions Using delayed window method for random coincidences estimation in PET imaging has systematic errors. The multiple event policy of the coincidence sorter also effects the random rate correction. With Take-all-goods policy, the random rate will be underestimated and results in overestimating NECR; while with Reject-all-multiples policy, the random rate will be overestimated and results in underestimating NECR. The errors are greater for smaller phantoms
Packing Problems and Inequalities

Four rectangular farms, each 7 miles by 8 miles, are to be carved out of a square county, 15 miles on a side. How is this to be done? (Try it yourself before peeking at the answer in Figure 1a on page 213.
Do benzodiazepine ligands contribute to hepatic encephalopathy

Since 1985 (1,2) evidence has been accumulating which indicates that benzodiazepine (BZ) ligands with agonist properties may contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) by potentiating the neuroinhibitory action of GABA. The status of this hypothesis in 1989 was reviewed at the International Symposium on Cirrhosis, Hepatic Encephalopathy, and Ammonium Toxicity held in Valencia (3). The purpose of this paper is to discuss developments in this field that have occurred since that review. These developments have occurred on two main fronts: (i) Detection, characterization and purification of BZ receptor ligands in tissue of animals and humans with HE; and (ii) Evaluation of the effects of BZ receptor ligands on HE in animal models and humans. The new findings are discussed after summarizing the main points covered by the review at the Valencia meeting (3).
Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) and Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) for Colorectal Cancer: Potential for Individualized Care, Review of Current Treatment Trends, Recent Advancements, and a Look into the Future

Peritoneal metastases (PM) secondary to colorectal cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. However, cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermia intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) has risen to a more accepted roll in the treatment of peritoneal metastatic disease for various cancers; colorectal cancer is no exception. This review aims to discuss the recent updates and findings for treatment of peritoneal disease secondary to colorectal cancer, especially with respect to individualized patient factors that affect outcomes. There are many new studies showing the validity of cytoreductive surgery CRS/HIPEC in a select group of patients with PM. Many studies show that lower peritoneal cancer index score, use of various chemotherapeutic regimens, histology, preoperative health status, adequate nutrition, and other factors all benefit survival/treatment of this unique patient group. Current evidence supports an aggressive multidisciplinary approach to peritoneal disease secondary to colorectal cancer. Standardized treatment practice, highly selective patient criteria, low PCI score, and early recognition of patients at risk for PM show survival benefits and better outcomes for patients with a disease process that was once only treated with palliative interventions.
CONTRIBUTION OF SENESCENCE BIOMARKERS IN HUMAN CAROTID ARTERIES WITH PLAQUE STABILITY AND STROKE

Growing evidence suggests that cellular senescence participates in several stages of human atherosclerosis. We evaluated the presence of senescence-associated β-Galactosidase (SA β-gal), an index of cellular senescence, in patients diagnosed with stable or unstable carotid plaques. Carotid
Candida albicans at Host Barrier Sites: Pattern Recognition Receptors and Beyond

Over the last decades, fungal infections have emerged as a growing threat to human health. Although the human body is at potential risk, various body sites host several commensal fungal species, including Candida albicans. In healthy individuals, C. albicans colonizes different mucosal surfaces without causing harm, while under diverse circumstances the fungus can proliferate and cause disease. In this context, the understanding of host–C. albicans interactions in health and during infection may lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Importantly, host cells express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which sense conserved fungal structures and orchestrate innate immune responses. Herein, important findings on the topic of the recognition of C. albicans at host barrier sites are discussed. This review briefly summarizes the importance and functions of myeloid PRRs, reviews the fungal recognition and biology of stromal cells, and highlights important C. albicans virulence attributes during site-specific proliferation and invasion.
Persistence of Nitroxide Radicals in Solution

Data on long-term persistence of nitroxide radicals typically are focused on solid samples. Less information is available for nitroxides in fluid solution. Sealed deoxygenated solutions of a doxyl nitroxide in tetrahydrofuran and a piperidinyl nitroxide in toluene in 4 mm EPR tubes were kept in a laboratory environment at ambient temperature and without protection from light. After more than 40 years, the concentrations of the solutions had decreased by about factors of 12 and 6, respectively. The longevity in solution probably depends strongly on the purity of the solvent, but these results indicate remarkable persistence.
Sjogren’s Syndrome Presenting with Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis in Adolescence

A 17-year-old female with a history of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss developed symptoms of intermittent fevers, body aches, headaches, and weakness 1-2 months prior to admission
Duration of breastmilk feeding of NICU graduates who live with individuals who smoke.

BACKGROUND Breast milk has many benefits for infants, but initiating breastfeeding/pumping can be difficult for mothers of preterm infants, especially those who smoke (or live with individuals who smoke). The primary aim of this study was to identify risks for breastfeeding/pumping cessation with neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants' mothers who smoke or live with individuals who smoke, using a novel survival-analytic approach. METHODS/DESIGN Mothers (N = 360) were recruited for a secondhand smoke prevention intervention during infants' NICU hospitalizations and followed for ~6 months after infant discharge. Data were obtained from medical records and participant self-report/interviews. RESULTS The sample was predominantly ethnic/racial minorities; mean age was 26.8 (SD = 5.9) years. One-fifth never initiated breastfeeding/pumping (n = 67; 18.9%) and mean time-to-breastfeeding cessation was 48.1 days (SD = 57.2; median = 30.4 [interquartile range: 6.0-60.9]). Education, length of stay, employment, race/ethnicity, number of household members who smoke, and readiness-to-protect infants from tobacco smoke were significantly associated with breastfeeding cessation. Further, infants fed breast milk for ≥4 months had 42.7% more well-child visits (p < 0.001) and 50.0% fewer respiratory-related clinic visits (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS One-quarter of infants admitted to NICUs will be discharged to households where individuals who smoke live; we demonstrated that smoking-related factors were associated with mothers' breastfeeding practices. Infants who received breast milk longer had fewer respiratory-related visits. IMPACT One-quarter of NICU infants will be discharged to households where smokers live. Initiating/sustaining breastfeeding can be difficult for mothers of preterm NICU infants, especially mothers who smoke or live with others who smoke. Education, employment, race/ethnicity, length of stay, household member smoking, and readiness-to-protect infants from tobacco smoke were significantly associated with time-to-breastfeeding cessation. Infants fed breast milk for ≥4 months had 42.7% more well-child visits and 50.0% fewer respiratory-related clinic visits, compared to infants fed breast milk <4 months. Data support intervention refinements for mothers from smoking households and making NICU-based healthcare workers aware of risk factors for early breastfeeding cessation.
Rehabilitation of Shoulder Injuries in Basketball

Rehabilitation of the shoulder complex is challenging for clinicians due to the vast number of structures in a small area that can undergo extreme ranges of motion and angular velocities during sport. The glenohumeral joint has minimal boney congruency, and therefore heavily relies upon the rotator cuff and surrounding musculature to provide dynamic stabilization to the joint. This highlights the importance of rehabilitation to restore shoulder joint biomechanics and muscular function following shoulder injuries. Evidence for shoulder rehabilitation programs is limited, with the majority of clinical practice guidelines and protocols relying upon expert opinion. This chapter will utilize the Staged Approach for Rehabilitation of Shoulder Disorders (STAR) [1] as a guiding framework, combined with an objective criterion-based progression, to return athletes to basketball following shoulder injury/surgery.
Cultural Intimacy in International Relations

In anthropology, the concept of cultural intimacy expresses those aspects of a cultural identity that are considered a source of international criticism for the state, but are nevertheless used to provide insiders with a sense of national comfort, understanding, and self-reflexive, ontological security (Herzfeld, 2005). Cultural intimacy helps illuminate how states present themselves internationally and how they understand themselves domestically. It can also explain the seeming discrepancies and contradictions between a state’s domestic and international identities. Cultural intimacy, in other words, explains the mutual reproduction of different levels of identity. Using the concept of cultural intimacy as a departure point, this paper develops a framework for understanding incongruities in the domestic and international facades of state identity. We argue that there is a structural component to the level of discomfort caused by negative international appraisals of a given state. Structural position determines whether the domestic sources of cultural intimacy will cause shame, embarrassment or guilt, and therefore also indicate how that negative international image will be handled by the state. The theoretical argument is illustrated with reference to the cases of Serbia, Croatia, and the Netherlands, and their distinctive responses to the breakup of the former Yugoslavia.
COVID-19 cardiac arrest due to Prinzmetal's angina in a previously normal heart

In COVID-19 patients who develop sudden ST elevations it is necessary to consider cardiac causes other than myocardial infarction, such as coronary vasospasm.
Four new species of Heza Amyot & Audinet-Serville (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) from the Neotropics

Four new species of the Neotropical harpactorine genus Heza Amyot & Audinet-Serville are newly described: Heza graziae sp. nov. from Ecuador, Heza nebrias sp. nov. from Peru and Brazil, Heza phthinica sp. nov. from Brazil and Peru, and Heza viridipes sp. nov. from Bolivia. Two new country records for two other species are also reported: Heza aurantia Maldonado, 1976 from Ecuador and Heza ventralis Stal, 1872 from Brazil.
Spreading the Word: The Salzburg Seminar

Salzburg! The name conjures up images of the annual world-famous Salzburg Festival and The Sound of Music, with its magnificent castle and the glorious singing of Julie Andrews. The birthplace of the divine Mozart.
Spectral tuning of double resonant nanolaminate plasmonic nanoantennas with a fixed size

Multiresonant plasmonic nanoantennas can enhance nanolocalized multiphoton processes or enable wavelength-multiplexed nano-optic operations by supporting multiple spatially overlapped plasmonic modes. Nevertheless, current multiresonant plasmonic nanoantenna designs do not consider engineering multiresonant spectral responses with strict size and footprint constraints. Developing a strategy to engineer fixed-size nanoantennas with tunable multiresonant responses is highly desirable for maintaining controlled cellular responses at the nano-bio interface and achieving seamless integration with other nanodevices with predefined footprints. Here, we report that fixed-size tapered nanolaminate nanoantennas (TNLNAs) can achieve a wide double-resonance spectral tunability by only changing the metal-to-insulator thickness ratio (t/h). Three separate TNLNAs' samples (8/38 , 20/20, and 28/8 nm) with a nominal total height of ∼100 nm are created from a high-throughput nanofabrication technique. Specifically, we fabricated TNLNAs' samples by exploiting a nanohole array membrane from soft interference lithography as a deposition mask for electron-beam evaporation of alternating Au and SiO2 layers. Transmission and dark field scattering measurements show that TNLNAs support two distinct resonant features with t/h-dependent tunable resonant wavelengths in the range of 730–850 and 840–1050 nm, respectively. Numerical simulations reveal that (i) a bianisotropy-induced magnetoelectric response in top and bottom nanogaps due to the asymmetric tapered shape can enhance light trapping and achieve optical near-field intensity enhancements up to 1000-fold and (ii) while TNLNAs consisting of thin Au nanodisks at low t/h primarily support spatial overlap between modes with enhanced electric polarizability, TNLNAs consisting of thick Au nanodisks at high t/h support spatial overlap between modes with enhanced magnetic polarizability, evoking higher-order multipolar behaviors.