cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density in Persons Over 50 Years Performing Shiftwork: An Epidemiological Study.

Objective Shiftwork has been associated with bone loss due to hormonal fluctuations. Our aim was to assess the femoral neck bone mineral density and content in persons over 50 years performing shiftwork. Methods We performed analysis on the femoral neck bone mineral parameters in persons over age 50 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cross-sectional data for 2010 to 2011 in regular and shiftworkers. We also assessed the degree of moderate physical activity and smoking in both groups. Results Middle-aged men performing shiftwork had significantly higher total femur bone mineral content (37.33 ± 11.00 vs 34.09 ± 10.45, P = 0.01) and femoral neck bone mineral content (4.57 ± 1.07 vs 4.29 ± 1.0, P = 0.03). This difference was not seen in middle aged women. Conclusions Shiftwork does not seem to affect bone mineral density in those performing moderate physical activity.
High order WENO and DG methods for time-dependent convection-dominated PDEs

For solving time-dependent convection-dominated partial differential equations (PDEs), which arise frequently in computational physics, high order numerical methods, including finite difference, finite volume, finite element and spectral methods, have been undergoing rapid developments over the past decades. In this article we give a brief survey of two selected classes of high order methods, namely the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) finite difference and finite volume schemes and discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element methods, emphasizing several of their recent developments: bound-preserving limiters for DG, finite volume and finite difference schemes, which address issues in robustness and accuracy; WENO limiters for DG methods, which address issues in non-oscillatory performance when there are strong shocks, and inverse Lax-Wendroff type boundary treatments for finite difference schemes, which address issues in solving complex geometry problems using Cartesian meshes.
Secondary Analysis: Methodology

Secondary analysis refers to a set of research practices that involve utilizing data collected by someone else or data that has been collected for another purpose (e.g., administrative records). Two main categories can be identified: (a) data developed for the explicit purpose of being shared with others; and (b) data that are byproducts of the actions of individuals and organizations. It is conducted for several distinct reasons. Reanalyzes are undertaken to: check the accuracy of statistical conclusions in primary studies; test new statistical procedures or substantive hypotheses; and to resolve conflicts among researchers. Increasingly, qualitative data are being subjected to secondary analysis. Although not a research methodology, per se, several features distinguish it from primary research and meta-analysis. In turn, these features create opportunities and limitations for the secondary analyst. Central issues concern: (a) data availability, access and documentation; (b) maintaining confidentiality and privacy pledges made by primary researchers; and (c) proprietary rights and data ownership. Availability of data has been enhanced by an increase in the number of agencies who store and disseminate their own data, the emergence of the World Wide Web, and data sharing policies adopted by professional journals and associations.
Non-Schmid response of Fe3Al: The twin-antitwin slip asymmetry and non-glide shear stress effects

Abstract The non-Schmid effects in DO3 ordered Fe3Al (DO3-Fe3Al) are investigated by utilizing experimental measurements of the onset of slip and atomistic scale simulations to study slip directionality and core effects. Uniaxial tension and compression experiments were conducted on DO3-Fe3Al single crystals utilizing high resolution Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to measure local slip strain evolution. The measured critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) values exhibited close agreement with the theoretical values upon developing a modified Peierls-Nabarro (P-N) formalism relying on molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results. Both experimental and theoretical values indicate the break-down of Schmid Law due to two factors: the role of non-glide shear (NGS) stress component acting on the glide plane, called the NGS effect, and twinning-antitwinning asymmetry, termed the TA effect. To ascertain the role of NGS stress component on the dislocation core structures, molecular statics (MS) simulations were conducted upon imposing elastic-anisotropic dislocation displacement fields with Eshelby-Stroh formalism. Both experimental measurements and modified P-N calculations confirm that the applied NGS stress component is as important as TA slip asymmetry on the break-down of Schmid Law in CRSS values. The calculated core spreading suggests that the extent of the relative displacements on { 1 1 0 } family planes, favoring either twinning or antitwinning shear, can significantly contribute to the non-Schmid behavior of DO3-Fe3Al with the accompanying elastic shear coupling between NGS stress component and glide shear (GS) strain. Further extension of the modified P-N formalism towards yielding behavior at continuum scale is also discussed.
The Case Against “Extempore” Eloquence in MacArthur’s Farewell to Cadets at West Point

Douglas MacArthur’s last speech lauded “Duty, Honor, Country.” Delivered at West Point on May 12, 1962, his discourse remains an exemplar of eloquence. In recent commentary, classicist E. Christian...
What is arbitrary power

AbstractRepublicans define domination as subjection to arbitrary power. But what is arbitrary power? We consider three views. According to the first, championed recently by Frank Lovett, power is arbitrary insofar as it is unconstrained. According to the second, advanced most prominently by Philip Pettit in his recent work, power is arbitrary insofar as it is uncontrolled by those subject to it. According to the third, found (among other places) in Pettit’s early work, power is arbitrary insofar as it is not forced to track the interests of those subject to it. We advance several objections against each of the first two views and offer support for the third. Pettit, we might say, got it right the first time.
Imprudent King: A New Life of Philip II. By Geoffrey Parker. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014. Pp. xviii, 438. $40.00.)

The reign of King Philip II of Spain [1556‐1598] defined an age. He was Europe's most powerful monarch and ruled over an empire upon which the sun never set, but the dramatic victories in his name ...
Chemical Transformations Approaching Chemical Accuracy via Correlated Sampling in Auxiliary-Field Quantum Monte Carlo.

The exact and phaseless variants of auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (AFQMC) have been shown to be capable of producing accurate ground-state energies for a wide variety of systems including those which exhibit substantial electron correlation effects. The computational cost of performing these calculations has to date been relatively high, impeding many important applications of these approaches. Here we present a correlated sampling methodology for AFQMC which relies on error cancellation to dramatically accelerate the calculation of energy differences of relevance to chemical transformations. In particular, we show that our correlated sampling-based AFQMC approach is capable of calculating redox properties, deprotonation free energies, and hydrogen abstraction energies in an efficient manner without sacrificing accuracy. We validate the computational protocol by calculating the ionization potentials and electron affinities of the atoms contained in the G2 test set and then proceed to utilize a compo...
Measuring Participant Effort in a Depression Prevention Trial: Who Engages in Problem-Solving Therapy?

Objective To determine the acceptability of clinical interventions for depression prevention, identification of clinical characteristics associated with intervention engagement is needed. The purpose of this study is to describe levels and correlates of participant engagement in Problem Solving Therapy (PST) in adults 60 and older with subthreshold depression. Methods As part of a clinical trial to prevent depression among older adults with subthreshold depression, participants who were randomized to receive PST completed 6–8 sessions in which they learned skills to solve self-selected problems that were contributing to stress and reduced quality of life. To measure participants' engagement with PST, interventionists completed 3 scales that rated participants' level of participation in problem solving activities, understanding of the multistep process of PST, and between-session homework effort. Using logistic regression, we examined whether physical health, level of cognitive function, gait speed, and disability served as correlates of engagement in the PST intervention. Results Gait speed, a measure of physical and cognitive health, was significantly associated with engagement in PST. Participants who walked faster were more likely to engage with PST compared to participants who walked more slowly. No other baseline variables were significant correlates. Conclusions Older adults who walk more slowly may need alternative delivery methods to fully engage in PST. Gait speed reflects physical and cognitive health, and predicts frailty, disability, and psychomotor speed slowing. For these reasons, gait speed may be a marker for factors that will serve to predict poorer engagement in psychosocial interventions like PST.
Self-Organized Instability in Complex Propagation in Multimode Fibers

We study extremely complex nonlinear pulse propagation in long disordered multimode fibers. Light self-organizes due to a spatial nonlinear attractor, then becomes spatiotemporally complex due to a spacetime instability.
Elevated pCO2 is less detrimental than increased temperature to early development of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales)

Abstract: Global climate change is increasing ocean temperature and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in coastal and marine ecosystems. Research in this field has largely focused on how limited CO32− availability and low pH adversely affect early development of calcifying organisms, but noncalcareous organisms are comparatively understudied despite their prevalence in many coastal communities. We investigated how present-day and future levels of ocean temperature (12°C vs 15°C, respectively) and pCO2 (400 μatm vs 1500 μatm, respectively) influence successful germling production, gametophyte survival, growth, and sex ratio, and embryonic sporophyte production and growth in the habitat-forming kelp Macrocystis pyrifera over a 15-wk period in San Diego, California, USA. Our results indicate that relative to present-day conditions, successful germling production was reduced fourfold under elevated temperature alone, and fivefold under combined elevated temperature and pCO2 (i.e. “future conditions”). Similarly, ...
On sums of iid random variables indexed by N parameters

Motivated by the works of J.L. Doob and R. Cairoli, we discuss reverse N-parameter inequalities for sums of i.i.d. random variables indexed by N parameters. As a corollary, we derive Smythe’s law of large numbers.
Beyond the maternal epigenetic legacy.

In 2004, Weaver et al. published evidence in Nature Neuroscience for the lasting epigenetic impact of maternal care within the hippocampus of rat offspring. This conceptual and methodological leap contributed to the evolution of environmental and behavioral epigenetics and continues to inspire challenging questions about genes, environments, and their legacy.
An Electrified Future: Initial Scenarios and Future Research for U.S. Energy and Electricity Systems

As an energy source, Electricity benefits from a number of desirable characteristics: it can be transported at nearly the speed of light with transmission infrastructure, it has zero enduse emissions, it is highly flexible and controllable, it is now storable at rapidly declining costs, and it can offer improved service quality relative to conventional fuels. As such, electrification-the conversion of previously fossil-fueled end-use processes to electricity-has been identified as a key pathway to a clean, reliable, and secure energy future. Electric vehicles are the most widely cited application of electrification, but technology improvements in electrically driven devices for buildings and industrial end uses, including heat pumps for space and water heating needs, induction stoves for cooking, infrared or ultraviolet curing processes, and electric arc furnaces for process heating, could lead to more widespread electrification across these sectors.
Das fünfte Problem

Der Plan von Jewgeni Jewgenjewitsch ging voll auf: Ich „konvertierte“ zur Mathematik. Ich lernte schnell, und je tiefer ich in die Mathematik eintauchte, umso mehr wuchs meine Begeisterung und umso mehr wollte ich wissen. So geht es, wenn man sich verliebt.
Effect of Weight Change Following Intentional Weight Loss on Bone Health in Older Adults with Obesity

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine change in bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score among older adult weight regainers (WR) and weight maintainers (WM). METHODS Observational data come from 77 older adults (mean age: 67 [SD 5] years; 69% women; 70% white) with obesity (mean BMI: 33.6 [SD 3.7] kg/m2 ) who lost weight during an 18-month weight loss intervention. Total body mass and body composition, along with regional (total hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine) BMD and trabecular bone score, were measured at baseline, 18 months, and 30 months. WR (n = 36) and WM (n = 41) categories were defined as a ≥ 5% or < 5% weight gain from 18 to 30 months, respectively. RESULTS Among skeletal indices, only total hip BMD was significantly reduced during the 18-month intervention period in both WRs (-3.9%; 95% CI: -5.8% to -2.0%) and WMs (-2.4%; 95% CI: -4.3% to -0.5%; P = 0.07). After adjustment for relevant baseline covariates and weight change from 0 to 18 months, 30-month change in total hip BMD was -2.6% (95% CI: -4.3% to -0.9%) and -3.9% (95% CI: -5.7% to -2.1%) among WRs and WMs, respectively (P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Loss of hip BMD persists in the year after a weight loss intervention among older adults with obesity, regardless of weight regain status.
Pilot survey of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from southeastern Georgia, USA for Wolbachia and Rickettsia felis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae).

Background & objectives: Mosquito surveillance is one of the critical functions of local health departments, particularly in the context of outbreaks of severe mosquito-borne viral infections. Unfortunately, some viral and parasitic infections transmitted by mosquitoes, manifests non-specific clinical symptoms which may actually be of rickettsial etiology, including Rickettsia felis infections. This study tested the hypothesis that mosquitoes from southeastern Georgia, USA may be infected with Rickettsia felis and Wolbachia, an endosymbiotic bacterium of the order Rickettsiales. Methods: Specimens of the five most common mosquito species occurring in the region were collected using gravid and light-traps and identified using morphological keys. Mosquitoes were then pooled by species, sex, trap and collection site and their DNA was extracted. Molecular methods were used to confirm mosquito identification, and presence of Wolbachia and R. felis. Results: Wolbachia DNA was detected in 90.8% of the mosquito pools tested, which included 98% pools of Cx. quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), 95% pools of Ae. albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae), and 66.7% of pools of Cx. pipiens complex. Samples of An. punctipennis Say (Diptera: Culicidae) and An. crucians Wiedemann (Diptera: Culicidae) were tested negative for Wolbachia DNA. Three genotypes of Wolbachia sp. belonging to Group A (1 type) and Group B (2 types) were identified. DNA of R. felis was not found in any pool of mosquitoes tested. Interpretation & conclusions: This study provides a pilot data on the high presence of Wolbachia in Cx. quinque-fasciatus and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes prevalent in the study region. Whether the high prevalence of Wolbachia and its genetic diversity in mosquitoes affects the mosquitoes’ susceptibility to R. felis infection in Georgia will need further evaluation.
A Novel Distributed Adaptive Output-Feedback Consensus Protocol for Linear Multi-Agent Systems

This paper addresses the adaptive $\mathcal{H}_{\infty}$ consensus problem for linear multi-agent systems subject to external disturbances. A novel fully distributed adaptive dynamic output feedback control protocol is proposed, which utilizes relative output information of neighboring agents, relative state information of neighboring controllers and time-varying coupling weight for each node. Sufficient analysis conditions are derived using Lyapunov method. Moreover, $\mathcal{H}_{\infty}$ adaptive output-feedback consensus synthesis conditions are formulated as linear matrix inequalities, which can be solved efficiently via convex optimization. This is achieved by using a novel adaptive protocol structure. A numerical example has been used to demonstrate the advantage of theoretical results.
State Expansion and Indigenous Response in the Arctic: A Globally Integrated Northern Borderland Emerges from the Historical Synthesis of Northern Frontier and Northern Homeland

Since the state and its colonial proxies first encroached upon their homeland three centuries ago, natives of the North have continued to assert and defend their Aboriginal rights and cultural traditions and have sought to preserve as much of the autonomy of their independent polities now threatened by state expansion as they could. As natives learned more about the many systems and structures of governance that were exported from Eurasia, from the commercial trading posts and early global networks they were part of, to the representative constitutional democracies that took root in their homelands, they found many new ways to reassert and, increasingly, restore their autonomy—through innovative domestic diplomacy, protracted (sometimes multi-decade) negotiations, and various forms of political protest and engagement. The northern tranquility long observed to define the Arctic region as a whole, and which is particularly salient in the Western Arctic, owes much then to the domestic reconciliation of tribe and state that has taken place during this historic and exemplary northward state expansion.
Designing ecologically-inspired robustness into a water distribution network

Abstract Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs), network of industries that collaborate by utilizing each other’s byproducts and wastes, are highly desirable for both the industries themselves, their environment, and governments due to their economic, environmental, and social advantages. Previous work has shown that EIPs are not as successful as they could be in terms of mimicking the behavior of biological ecosystems, highlighting that more work needs to be done for EIPs to truly mimic their biological-counterparts. The Kalundborg EIP, located in Kalundborg, Denmark, is a well documented example of an EIP with long-term success. Using the water network within the Kalundborg EIP as a case study, two bio-inspired networks are selected from an optimization based on the ecosystem metric robustness. The bio-inspired solutions are compared with a traditionally cost-minimized solution to understand what bio-inspired design can offer when a network is disturbed. Disturbances such as connection breakages and industry shutdowns are tested, showing that the bio-inspired designs require minimal recovery costs – in stark contrast to the traditional network solution. The results show that the bio-inspired designs reduce the network’s dependence on a scarce import (freshwater) and have higher overall network resilience in the event of disturbances. The three network solutions are discussed from a ecological perspective, explaining differences from the standpoint of ecosystem characteristics. The analysis highlights the benefits of using ecology to understand the nature of and improve the design of industrial networks.
The Effect of Forced Cough to Minimize Pain and Discomfort at the Time of Colposcopy-Guided Cervical Biopsy.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether forced cough during colposcopy-guided cervical biopsy affected pain and anxiety levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted at the University Hospital (Newark, NJ) Ambulatory Care Center from December 2016 to June 2018 and evaluated 110 patients at the time of a colposcopy-guided cervical biopsy. Study patients were randomized to either cough or no cough group during the biopsy procedure. Pain level was assessed using a visual analog pain scale before, during, and immediately after a colposcopy-guided cervical biopsy. Study patients also completed a standardized anxiety survey before and after the procedure. T tests, Pearson χ, or Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel were used to compare baseline characteristics between the cough and no cough groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify potential confounders and then compare pain levels across both groups. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in pain scores between the cough and no cough group when analyzed for each demographic variable even when confounders were accounted for. The anxiety scores for both study groups before and after the procedure were similar and not significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS We observed a trend that cough reduced pain associated with the colposcopy-guided cervical biopsy but did not reach statistical significance. A similar outcome was observed in anxiety level, where anxiety was reduced in the cough group but was not statistically significant as compared with the no cough group. Further studies are necessary to assess various modalities in reducing pain and anxiety associated with colposcopy-guided cervical biopsy.
Shaping College Students’ Civic Attitudes Through Faculty Teaching Practices and Student-Faculty Interactions

Using data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education, this study examined the relationship between several faculty practices and interactions with students and students’ civic engage...
Cardiovascular Considerations of Experimental Hydroxychloroquine Therapy on Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: A Case Series Review.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and its high virulence along with its variable presentation have generated a significant amount of interest within the medical community. The heterogeneous nature of the symptoms of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ranging from being asymptomatic to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), has created significant interest in potential therapeutics. Given the lack of randomized controlled trials, most medications are experimental, and only anecdotal evidence is available so far regarding their efficacy. One medication that emerged as an early frontrunner as a promising therapeutic was hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a common antimalarial and lupus drug. The adverse side effects that could result from its use did not gain much attention initially. We present the cases of two COVID-19-positive patients treated with HCQ at our institution, which showed adverse effects of the medication. While HCQ may have some therapeutic effect, it should be borne in mind that patients may experience more harm than benefit from its use.
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders and Associations With Sexual Identity and Stress-Related Correlates

Objective:The authors examined psychiatric comorbidities associated with alcohol use disorders and tobacco use disorders among heterosexual, bisexual, and gay and lesbian men and women in the Unite...
Convolutional neural network for automated classification of jointed plain concrete pavement conditions

Abstract The detailed monitoring of jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) slab condition is essential for cost‐effective JPCP maintenance and rehabilitation. However, existing visual inspection pr...
A Curriculum Innovation on Writing Simulated Patient Cases for Communication Skills Education.

Introduction Facilitated communication practice with simulated patients (SPs) is a highly effective form of communication training. Unfortunately, little guidance exists on writing SP cases. Method...
Characterizing scaling laws in gut microbial dynamics from time series data: caution is warranted

Many studies have revealed that both host and environmental factors can impact the gut microbial compositions, implying that the gut microbiota is considerably dynamic. In their Article, Ji et al. performed comprehensive analysis of multiple high-resolution time series data of human and mouse gut microbiota. They found that both human and mouse gut microbiota dynamics can be characterized by several robust scaling laws describing short- and long-term changes in gut microbiota abundances, distributions of species residence and return times, and the correlation between the mean and the temporal variance of species abundances. They claimed that those scaling laws characterize both short- and long-term dynamics of gut microbiota. However, we are concerned that their interpretation is quite misleading, because all the scaling laws can be reproduced by the shuffled time series with completely randomized time stamps of the microbiome samples.
The Breath Carbon Isotope Ratio Reflects Short-term Added-Sugar Intake in a Dose-Response, Crossover Feeding Study of 12 Healthy Adults.

BACKGROUND Objective dietary biomarkers are urgently needed for a wider range of foods and nutrients. The breath carbon isotope ratio (CIR; measured as δ13C values) has potential as a noninvasive measure of short-term added sugar (AS) intake but has not been evaluated in a controlled-feeding study. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the effect of short-term AS intake on breath CIR in a dose-response, randomized, crossover feeding study. METHODS Six men and 6 women, aged 25 to 60 y, were randomly assigned to a balanced sequence of 5 dietary treatments. Three treatments delivered low (0 g/d), medium (75 g/d), or high (150 g/d) amounts of AS over the course of a single day's breakfast and lunch and 2 switched high and low intake amounts between breakfast and lunch. Experimental meals delivered 60% of daily energy and added-sugar targets. There was a washout period of 1-2 wk between treatments. Breath was collected at 2-h intervals from 08:00 (fasting) to 16:00 h. Breath CIR was measured using cavity ring-down spectroscopy, and the effects of dietary treatments and baseline were evaluated using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Breath CIR showed a significant response to increasing AS intake at all sampling time points (all P < 0.0001), with a dose-response of 0.030 (95% CI: 0.024, 0.037) ‰/g. Fasting breath CIR (baseline) influenced postfeeding breath CIR at all sampling time points (P < 0.0001); however, effect sizes were largest in the morning. For afternoon-collected samples (14:00 and 16:00), the effect of recent AS intake (lunch) was 4-fold greater than the effect of previous added-sugar intake (breakfast). CONCLUSIONS These findings support the potential of the breath CIR as a biomarker of short-term AS intake in healthy US adults. More work is needed to evaluate other potential dietary effects and whether multiple breath collections could capture daily AS intake.
Review: An Introduction to Fully Integrated Mixed Methods Research, by Creamer, Elizabeth G:

This is a publisher-accepted preprint of a book review published in Journal of Planning Education and Research.
Update on the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) offer a unique opportunity to simultaneously address various comorbid associated conditions and phenotypic presentations of polycy...
Determinants of Dual Enrollment Access: A National Examination of Institutional Context and State Policies:

Despite considerable growth in rates of participation in recent years, concerns remain about disparities in access to dual enrollment programs. On one hand, there are questions regarding who has ac...
rGO–CMC fiber supercapacitors with core-sheath structure manufactured by coaxial extrusion printing

Fiber-shaped supercapacitors are attractive as an energy storage unit due to their excellent flexibility. However, fabricating robust fibers with large yields remains a challenge. In this work, we prepare flexible core-sheath fibers via coaxial extrusion printing. Carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC) slurry with controlled rheological properties is extruded from the outer channel, while the graphene oxide (GO) slurry is extruded from the inner channel simultaneously. The followed freeze-drying process protects GO sheets from agglomeration, providing more efficient chemical reduction. The reduced GO (rGO) sheets are separated and expanded to fill in the CMC sheath, which eliminates the delamination between the CMC sheath and rGO core. We study the influences of the freeze-drying process on the fiber microstructures, and explore the slurry design, fiber quality, reduction condition, and electrochemical performance. The fabrication method allows scalable manufacturing of the core-sheath electrodes and fiber-shaped supercapacitors with more efficient conductive networks.
Exploring the Inclusion of Sewing Pattern Development in a Fashion Design Course

An increased interest in home garment sewing and growth in the home sewing industry (IBISWorld, 2014) provides an interesting alternative or supplementary career choice for fashion design students. An innovative teaching strategy was developed to integrate home sewing pattern development into an advanced pattern making class curriculum at a Midwestern university. A number of technologies were used to develop a home-sewing pattern curriculum that could be used by distance and in-person learners. A pre- and post-test was given to gauge student interest in the curriculum, perceived benefits, and skills. Students responded positively to the curriculum and indicated that learning to create a home sewing patterns improved their pattern making skills. Ninety-three percent thought fashion design students should learn how to create sewing patterns and write sewing instructions Seventy-three percent of students felt that it expanded their future career possibilities.
The influences of listening and speaking on pedestrians' assessments of approaching vehicles

Abstract Research suggests a relationship between auditory distraction (such as environmental noises or a vocal cell phone conversation) and a decreased ability to detect and localize approaching vehicles. What is unclear is whether auditory vehicle perception is impacted more by distractions reliant on listening or distractions reliant on speaking (analogous to the two components of a vocal cell phone conversation). In two experiments, adult participants listened for approaching vehicle noises and while performing listening- and speaking-based secondary tasks. Participants were tasked with identifying when they first detect an approaching vehicle and when they no longer felt safe to cross in front of the approaching vehicle. For both experiments, the speaking task resulted in significantly later detection of approaching vehicles and riskier crossing thresholds than in the no-distraction and listening conditions. The listening secondary task significantly differed from the control condition in experiment 1, but not experiment 2. Overall, our results suggest auditory distractions, particularly those reliant on speaking, negatively impact pedestrian safety in situations where visual information is minimal. Results may provide guidance for future research and policy about the safety impacts of secondary tasks.
Cutaneous vascular changes in women in reference to the menstrual cycle and ovariectomy.

Abstract The skin of trunk and limbs of three ovariectomized and five normal young women was studied with the Hardy recording spectrophotometer. In both groups of subjects the pigments of the skin were unchanged excepting reduced hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin. Results in the hands and feet were inconclusive, and the face was not studied. After ovariectomy, the sexual characteristics of the female skin do not disappear, suggesting a genic control. A diminution in vascularity is noted, evidenced by lowering of the amount of hemoglobin with a relative preponderance of the reduced form. Administration of estrogen was followed by an increased cutaneous blood flow with an actual increase in oxyhemoglobin. Progestin markedly increased the proportion of oxyhemoglobin, but did not consistently increase the total hemoglobin. The combined administration of both hormones results in a diminution in hemoglobin with a predominance of the reduced form. In the early part of the normal cycle, the curves resemble those obtained from ovariectomized subjects. After mid-cycle, there is evidence of greatly increased vascularity which reaches a maximum in the premenstrual period. This is consistent with the observed effects of the two hormones acting in the latter half of the cycle, since previous workers have shown that progestin takes several days to modify estrogen effect. Unlike the situation in many other mammals, in which reactivity to the female sex hormones is localized in special areas, the human skin probably reacts in its entirety.
A Review of: “Developing in Two Languages: Korean Children in America”

Developing in Two Languages: Korean Children in America by S. J. Shin is the first book to investigate the language situation of Korean children and their families in America. It begins with an int...
Alcohol-induced decreases in brain endothelial barrier integrity rescued by sphingosine-1-phosphate or 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP

Alcohol has previously been shown to increase blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability. We hypothesized that alcohol increases BBB permeability by disrupting the junctional proteins, VE-cadherin and ...
Totally Geodesic Spectra of Quaternionic Hyperbolic Orbifolds

In this paper we analyze and classify the totally geodesic subspaces of finite volume quaternionic hyperbolic orbifolds and their generalizations, locally symmetric orbifolds arising from irreducible lattices in Lie groups of the form $(\mathbf{Sp}_{2n}(\mathbb{R}))^q \times \prod_{i=1}^r \mathbf{Sp}(p_i,n-p_i) \times (\mathbf{Sp}_{2n}(\mathbb{C}))^s$. We give criteria for when the totally geodesic subspaces of such an orbifold determine its commensurability class. We give a parametrization of the commensurability classes of finite volume quaternionic hyperbolic orbifolds in terms of arithmetic data, which we use to show that the complex hyperbolic totally geodesic subspaces of a quaternionic hyperbolic orbifold determine its commensurability class, but the real hyperbolic totally geodesic subspaces do not. Lastly, our tools allow us to show that every cocompact lattice $\Gamma<\mathbf{Sp}(m,1)$, $m\ge 2$, contains quasiconvex surface subgroups.
Experiments with Scheduling Using Simulated Annealing in a Grid Environment

Generating high quality schedules for distributed applications on a Computational Grid is a challenging problem. Some experiments using Simulated Annealing as a scheduling mechanism for a ScaLA-PACK LU solver on a Grid are described. The Simulated Annealing scheduler is compared to a Ad-Hoc Greedy scheduler used in earlier experiments. The Simulated Annealing scheduler exposes some assumptions built into the Ad-Hoc scheduler and some problems with the Performance Model being used.
Applied Demography In Action: A Case Study of “Population Identification.”

This case study deals with a problem quite different than the typical one facing most applied demographers. It involves the identification of a “population” using a set of criteria established by a regulatory agency. Specifically, criteria established by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission for purposes of Site Characterization of the High Level Nuclear Waste Repository proposed for Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Consistent with other recent studies, this one suggests that a wide range of skills may be needed in dealing with problems posed to applied demographers by clients and users in the 21 st century. As such, budding applied demographers, especially those nearing completion of their graduate studies, should consider adopting a set of skills beyond traditional demography.
The OI, OS, OMNI, and OSMAN networks as best approximations of nonlinear systems under training data constraints

A fundamental theory of artificial neural networks based on a Generalized Fock Space (GFS) framework is presented. First, the construction of a GFS F/sub /spl rho//(X) from a sequence of tensor products of a Hilbert Space X is briefly recapitulated. Then the structures of four abstract canonical nets are derived as solutions of a nonparametric optimization (best approximation of a generic nonlinear system) problem in F/sub /spl rho//(X) under input-output training or design data constraints. These nets are the OI (Optimal Interpolating), OS (Optimal Smoothing), OMNI (Optimal Multilayer Neural Interpolating), OSMAN (Optimal Smoothing Multilayer Artificial Neural) nets. Depending on the specification of the underlying spaces, these nets can take the form of appropriate functional or conventional neural nets. Their capability of adaptation, learning with and without supervision, and evolution have been discussed and demonstrated in our other publications.
Immunoglobulin Components of "Gamma" Globulin in Human Serum

Total gamma globulin was measured after paper electrophoresis of 40 human sera. Gamma G, γ A, and γ M immunoproteins were measured in these sera by single diffusion in agar gel. The total gamma globulin was found to consist primarily of γ G and γ M proteins, with a small portion of the γ A also included.
Feeding behavior, milking behavior, and milk yields of cows milked in a parlor versus an automatic milking system.

This study compared feeding and milking behavior and milk yields for cows housed in the same barn, fed the same ration, but milked with a conventional milking parlor (parlor) or automatic milking system (robot). Behavioral data were videotaped hourly 1 d/mo for 9 mo. Feeding behavior patterns differed and were more variable for parlor cows than for robot cows. Both groups had low feeding rates at night and early morning. Feeding activity increased after milking and feed delivery for parlor cows. Milking and feeding activity in the robot system increased after human intervention at 7 a.m.; feed bunk activity peaked 3 h later and remained relatively constant from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. Percentages of cows at the feed bunk were significantly greater for robot cows than parlor cows only at 10 a.m. and 9 p.m. Batch milking of parlor cows with free access to feed, vs. sequential milking of robot cows, with restricted movement to feed by a one-way gate system, resulted in higher peak percentages of cows at the bunk for parlor cows. Lower, more consistent percentages of cows eating at one time suggests that less bunk space may be needed for cows in robotic milking systems. Higher percentages of cows were observed in the robot from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. and again from 3 to 7 p.m. Percentages of cows in the robot holding area were greatest from 8 to 11 a.m. and 3 to 6 p.m. and were lowest from midnight to 6 a.m. Milk production over 39 d in summer for subsets of cows was slightly but significantly higher (26.4 vs. 25.8 +/- 0.2 kg/d) for cows in the robot group. Milking frequency, days in milk, parity, and maximum air temperature for 3 d (-2 d to day of observation) affected milk yield comparisons. Results have implications for design of feeding and handling facilities used with automated milking systems.
Obesity: Be cool, lose weight.

To lose weight, would you rather diet, exercise or subject yourself to cool temperatures? The last choice is not such an odd one, as adult humans have brown fat tissue that burns calories in response to cold.
3D Nanoscopic Optical Imaging of Subcellular Protein Organization and Neuronal Dendritic Morphology

Single molecule localization microscopy enables biological samples to be optically observed with sub-diffraction resolution. Here we report new progress in 3D nanoscopic imaging of cellular and subcellular structures by our newly developed virtual volume photoactivated localization microscopy (VVPALM), in which a tilted mirror is used to generate side view of biological samples in addition to the front view, therefore providing precise single molecule localization in three dimensions. VVPALM brings advantages including high efficiency to use detected photons, minimum vulnerability to optical aberration, and simplicity of implementation. VVPALM is ideally compatible with weak chromophores, such as fluorescent proteins. We have used VVPALM to probe the localization and organization of various bacterial proteins, which are fused with photoactivatable proteins, inside or on the membrane of single Escherichia coli cells with sub-100 nm resolution in 3D. We have also combined VVPALM with label-free PAINT (points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography) technique to measure the nanoscale morphology of rat neuronal dendrites. Advances in multi-color nanoscopic imaging for protein 3D colocalization will also be presented.
CD44 expression in dysplastic epithelium and squamous‐cell carcinoma of the esophagus

The molecular events involved in the development of esophageal dysplasia and carcinoma are poorly understood. We examined the expression of CD44, a cell-adhesion molecule, in normal and dysplastic epithelia and in squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) which recognized all CD44 isoforms and 2 MAbs specific to the CD44v3 and CD44v6 splice variants were used to detect CD44 isoforms in 50 archival specimens. A semi-quantitative scoring system based on the extent and intensity of the immunostaining was used to quantify CD44 expression. In normal epithelium, expression of CD44 was strongest in the basal-cell layer and weak or absent in surface cells. Expression of CD44 was increased in dysplastic epithelium as compared with normal epithelium. The extent of this increase correlated directly with the severity of dysplasia. CD44 was expressed in all SCCs, but the extent and intensity of immunostaining varied with areas of tumor differentiation. The well-differentiated components showed greater CD44 expression than the moderately and poorly differentiated components. The patterns of expression of CD44v3 and CD44v6 were strikingly similar to that of total CD44 in normal, dysplastic and malignant esophageal epithelia. Thus, changes in expression of these splice variants likely account to some extent for the changes in total CD44 expression observed in the dysplastic and malignant transformation of the esophagus. Our results suggest that changes in the expression of CD44 may be involved in the development of esophageal dysplasia as well as SCC.
TISSUE LEAD DISTRIBUTION AND HEMATOLOGIC EFFECTS IN AMERICAN KESTRELS (FALCO SPARVERIUS L.) FED BIOLOGICALLY INCORPORATED LEAD

American kestrels were fed a diet containing 0.5, 120, 212, and 448 ppm (dry wt) biologically incorporated lead (Pb) for 60 days. The diet consisted of homogenized 4-wk-old cockerels raised on feed mixed with and without lead. No kestrels died and weights did not differ among treatment groups. The control group (0.5 ppm Pb) had the lowest mean concentration of lead and the high dietary group had the highest for the following tissues: Kidney, liver, femur, brain, and blood. Concentrations of lead were significantly correlated among tissues. There were no differences among treatment groups for packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, or erythrocyte count.
Invited review: The impact of automatic milking systems on dairy cow management, behavior, health, and welfare

Over the last 100 yr, the dairy industry has incorporated technology to maximize yield and profit. Pressure to maximize efficiency and lower inputs has resulted in novel approaches to managing and milking dairy herds, including implementation of automatic milking systems (AMS) to reduce labor associated with milking. Although AMS have been used for almost 20 yr in Europe, they have only recently become more popular in North America. Automatic milking systems have the potential to increase milk production by up to 12%, decrease labor by as much as 18%, and simultaneously improve dairy cow welfare by allowing cows to choose when to be milked. However, producers using AMS may not fully realize these anticipated benefits for a variety of reasons. For example, producers may not see a reduction in labor because some cows do not milk voluntarily or because they have not fully or efficiently incorporated the AMS into their management routines. Following the introduction of AMS on the market in the 1990s, research has been conducted examining AMS systems versus conventional parlors focusing primarily on cow health, milk yield, and milk quality, as well as on some of the economic and social factors related to AMS adoption. Additionally, because AMS rely on cows milking themselves voluntarily, research has also been conducted on the behavior of cows in AMS facilities, with particular attention paid to cow traffic around AMS, cow use of AMS, and cows' motivation to enter the milking stall. However, the sometimes contradictory findings resulting from different studies on the same aspect of AMS suggest that differences in management and farm-level variables may be more important to AMS efficiency and milk production than features of the milking system itself. Furthermore, some of the recommendations that have been made regarding AMS facility design and management should be scientifically tested to demonstrate their validity, as not all may work as intended. As updated AMS designs, such as the automatic rotary milking parlor, continue to be introduced to the dairy industry, research must continue to be conducted on AMS to understand the causes and consequences of differences between milking systems as well as the impacts of the different facilities and management systems that surround them on dairy cow behavior, health, and welfare.
Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical and Density Functional Theory Studies of a Prototypical Zinc Peptidase (Carboxypeptidase A) Suggest a General Acid−General Base Mechanism

Carboxypeptidase A is a zinc-containing enzyme that cleaves the C-terminal residue in a polypeptide substrate. Despite much experimental work, there is still a significant controversy concerning its catalytic mechanism. In this study, the carboxypeptidase A-catalyzed hydrolysis of the hippuryl-l-Phe molecule (kcat = 17.7 ± 0.7 s−1) is investigated using both density functional theory and a hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approach. The enzymatic reaction was found to proceed via a promoted-water pathway with Glu270 serving as the general base and general acid. Free-energy calculations indicate that the first nucleophilic addition step is rate-limiting, with a barrier of 17.9 kcal/mol. Besides activating the zinc-bound water nucleophile, the zinc cofactor also serves as an electrophilic catalyst that stabilizes the substrate carbonyl oxygen during the formation of the tetrahedral intermediate. In the Michaelis complex, Arg127, rather than Zn(II), is responsible for the polarization of the sub...