cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phase I/II trial of vinorelbine and divided-dose carboplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Abstract Vinorelbine administered in a doublet with cisplatin has become a standard treatment in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, carboplatin appears to provide comparable efficacy with a better nonhematologic safety profile than cisplatin. Herein we report the results of a phase I/II trial of weekly vinorelbine and divided-dose carboplatin in patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ⩽2, and adequate bone marrow. Patients received vinorelbine starting at 20 mg/m2 (to 25 mg/m2) and carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 2.5 in divided-doses, both given on Days 1 and 8 every 21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles or until disease progression. Dose-limiting toxicity was defined for Cycles 1 and 2. Tumor response and toxicity were assessed using standard criteria. Twenty-one patients with a mean age of 67 years (range, 43–79) and stage IIIB/IV (8/13) disease were enrolled. All but 1 patient were chemotherapy-naive; the majority (n=20) had good performance status (⩽1). Seventy-nine courses (median, 4) were administered. The vinorelbine/carboplatin doublet was well tolerated, with 7 courses interrupted or delayed because of toxicity. Toxicities were generally mild and evenly divided between hematologic (i.e., neutropenia) and nonhematologic (i.e., fatigue). No growth factor support was required for hematologic toxicity. There was only one case of grade 2 alopecia, and no cases of ⩾grade 2 neurotoxicity. There were 5 (24%) partial responses, and 9 (43%) patients had stable disease. Weekly vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 and divided-dose carboplatin AUC 2.5 is a well tolerated regimen with activity in advanced NSCLC patients. Further evaluation of this regimen in combination with novel targeted biologic therapy is warranted.
Light digital occlusion of the tracheostomy tube: a pilot study of effects on aspiration and biomechanics of the swallow.

Background This study examined the effects of digital occlusion of the tracheostomy tube versus no occlusion on oropharyngeal swallowing in head and neck cancer patients. Methods Eight treated head and neck cancer patients were studied, six of whom had undergone surgical treatment for oral or laryngeal cancer and two who had undergone high-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy for laryngeal cancer. Videofluorographic studies of oropharyngeal swallowing were accomplished on 3-mL boluses of liquid in seven patients and 3-mL boluses of paste in three patients, first with the tracheostomy not occluded and then with it lightly digitally occluded by the patient. Videofluorographic studies of swallow were examined for observations of aspiration and residue. Biomechanical analysis of each liquid swallow was also completed. Results Four of the seven patients aspirated on thin liquids with the tube unoccluded. Aspiration was eliminated with the tracheostomy digitally occluded in two of these four patients. One of the patients also aspirated on paste with the tube unoccluded, and the aspiration was eliminated with the tube occluded. A third patient who aspirated on thin liquid had no change when the tube was occluded, and one patient's swallow worsened with the tube occluded on liquid. There were significant changes in five measures of swallow biomechanics on liquids with the tube occluded: (1) duration of base of tongue contact to the posterior pharyngeal wall was reduced, (2) maximal laryngeal elevation increased, (3) and (4) laryngeal and hyoid elevation at the time of initial cricopharyngeal opening increased, and (5) onset of anterior movement of the posterior pharyngeal wall relative to the onset of cricopharyngeal opening began later. Conclusions Light digital occlusion of the tracheostomy tube appears to be a safe procedure, because most biomechanics of swallow are positively affected, perhaps because of the increased resistance provided by the closed trachea. However, not all patients received benefit from tube occlusion, indicating that each patient must be evaluated individually to determine whether or not tube occlusion improves their swallow. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck20: 52–57, 1998.
Collaborative Sampling in Wireless Sensor Networks

A new paradigm for wireless sensor networks (WSN) information gathering, called Collaborative Sampling is proposed in this paper. Collaborative Sampling is a distributed active sampling regime that requires that each sensor to coordinate the tasks of data sampling and dissemination through succinct collaboration with neighboring sensor nodes. This is made possible by exploiting the inherent correlation among neighboring sensor measurements. The goal is to minimize energy wasted on transmitting redundant information through wireless channels while ensuring the quality of collected data. Collaborative Sampling entails two parts of key operations: at individual sensor nodes, a model of sensor measurements as a function of space time coordinates are computed based on local sensor measurements and those obtained by overhearing neighboring sensor nodes wireless broadcasting. Sensor nodes collaborate by announcing its local measurements to its neighbors to help build a global function approximation of the sensor measurements over the entire sensor field. To reduce redundant information being broadcast, each sensor node will determine whether announcing its own reading to its neighbors will contribute most to achieve the global goal of function approximation. A probabilistic competitive mechanism, based on the medium access control (MAC) layer carrier sensing multiple access (CSMA) protocol, is developed to allow the sensor nodes that offers most contribution to report their value earlier and thereby speedup the convergence to a solution. Theoretical analysis and simulation results showing that the new algorithm performs as well as the best possible greedy result are provided.
Seeing into the past: creating a 3D modeling pipeline for archaeological visualization

Archaeology is a destructive process in which accurate and detailed recording of a site is imperative. As a site is exposed, documentation is required in order to recreate and understand the site in context. We have developed a 3D modeling pipeline that can assist archaeologists in the documentation effort by building rich, geometrically and photometrically accurate 3D models of the site. The modeling effort begins with data acquisition (images, range scans, GIS data, and video) and ends with the use of a sophisticated visualization tool that can be used by researchers to explore and understand the site. The pipeline includes new methods for shadow-based registration of 2D images and temporal change detection. Our multimodal augmented reality system allows users wearing head-tracked, see-through, head-worn displays to visualize the site model and associated archaeological artifacts, and to interact with them using speech and gesture.
Observing the Quantization of Zero Mass Carriers in Graphene

Application of a magnetic field to conductors causes the charge carriers to circulate in cyclotron orbits with quantized energies called Landau levels (LLs). These are equally spaced in normal metals and two-dimensional electron gases. In graphene, however, the charge carrier velocity is independent of their energy (like massless photons). Consequently, the LL energies are not equally spaced and include a characteristic zero-energy state (the n = 0 LL). With the use of scanning tunneling spectroscopy of graphene grown on silicon carbide, we directly observed the discrete, non-equally–spaced energy-level spectrum of LLs, including the hallmark zero-energy state of graphene. We also detected characteristic magneto-oscillations in the tunneling conductance and mapped the electrostatic potential of graphene by measuring spatial variations in the energy of the n = 0 LL.
Electrogenic Hyperpolarization-Elicited Chloride Transporter Current in Blue Cones of Zebrafish Retinal Slices

Fan, Shih-Fang and Stephen Yazulla. Electrogenic hyperpolarization-elicited chloride transporter current in blue cones of zebrafish retinal slices. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1447–1459, 1997. Voltage-act...
Health Disparities Related to Environmental Air Quality

It has been more than 50 years since the Great London Smog drew the world’s attention to the poisonous health effects of air pollution. For an entire greater city area, industrial fumes permeated down to the street level, suffocating clouds replacing all breathable air. Sulfurous smoke, trapped in both outdoor spaces and within buildings, shrouded the visual world of every Londoner (Fig. 3.1). Unable to escape such a pervasive exposure, Londoners succumbed to an additional 12,000 deaths as well as numerous ER visits and hospital admissions during and in the immediate months after this environmental tragedy (Environ Health Perspect 109:389–94, 2001).
Observational Requirements for Modeling of Global and Regional Climate Change

Predicting the rate and geographic distribution of future climate changes caused by anthropogenic perturbations such as increasing greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations is perhaps the most important single problem in the earth sciences today. General circulation models (GCMs) are the tools of choice for making such projections. Simulating climate change with GCMs has become a worldwide activity; 12 modeling groups thus far have performed equilibrium doubled CO2 calculations with atmosphere-only GCMs, and 8 are simulating transient greenhouse gas increase scenarios with coupled ocean-atmosphere models for the 1995 IPCC scientific assessment.
Mixing of Carbon Black with Rubber I. Measurement of Dispersion Rate by Changes in Mixing Torque

Abstract Analysis of the torque data obtained for a large range of carbon blacks in an oil-extended butadiene rubber (CB-441) shows that the rate of decrease of torque (after the second power peak)...
Survival Following Lung Metastasectomy in Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Background The most common site of metastasis for soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) is the lung. In patients who are candidates for resection, metastasectomy improves survival. Debate remains, however, on approach and patient selection for surgery. Methods We retrospectively analyzed demographics, tumor characteristics, peri- and postoperative factors for 53 patients who underwent lung metastasectomy for STS from 1989 to 2013. Disease-free intervals (DFIs) and survival were determined. Kaplan–Meier estimates and log-rank test were used for comparison and survival analyses. Results Median overall survival (diagnosis to death or last visit) was 59.9 months (IQR: 118.5), with mean follow-up of 85.3 months (SD: 69.5). Post-lung metastasectomy survival was 82.9%, 52.2%, 28.3%, and 13.3% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Age at diagnosis of less than 50 years ( p = 0.037), a low pathologic grade ( p = 0.040), and a DFI until metastasis of greater than 13.5 months ( p = 0.007) were significant predictors of improved survival. Conclusion Patients diagnosed at a younger age with low-grade tumors and those with a longer DFI prior to metastasis diagnosis gain the greatest survival advantage with surgery.
A multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of obesity.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is: (1) To describe a long-term multidisciplinary group approach to the treatment of morbidly obese persons; and (2) to present, in a preliminary report, results at three months in 30 obese women. DESIGN: Prospective study with evaluation at the start of therapy and after three months of therapy. SUBJECTS: Thirty obese women, initial mean BMI 35.3 kg/m 2 , age 28-67 y. RESULTS: Body weight decreased significantly (- 6 kg) with 74% of weight loss as fat mass. This moderate decrease in body weight resulted in a significant improvement of VO 2 max/kg body weight. Resting metabolic rate and metabolic parameters remained unchanged. Among psychological variables, participating in the therapy resulted in a more pronounced restrained eating behaviour, an improvement of body image and a higher expression of positive feelings and actions. CONCLUSION: Preliminary results of the program are encouraging. However, continuous evaluation and improvement of the program in the long-term (at least several years) are extremely important.
ASSOCIATION OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION CARDIAC ARREST PATIENT VOLUME AND IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY

It is unclear whether higher hospital patient (pt) volume is associated with lower mortality in myocardial infarction (MI) pts complicated by cardiac arrest (CA). MI pts (STEMI and NSTEMI) in the ACTION Registry-GWTG from 4/2011-12/2014 were included, except those admitted to hospitals without
Coupled Effects of Light and Temperature on Degradation of a-Si:H

The effects of excitation rate and temperature on the kinetics and steady-state behavior of metastable defect formation in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) have been studied. The dependences on temperature of the lifetime, τ, and stretching parameter, β, from a stretched exponential description of the kinetics were measured for one sample. We do not see a linear dependence of β on temperature over die entire temperature range studied (270K–370K), and τ increases monotonically with decreasing temperature. Steady-state results show defect density to be dependent on bodi temperature and excitation rate over the ranges measured (from 395K to 470K and from 6 × 10 20 to 2 × 10 22 s -l cm -3 ). The gradual change in temperature dependence is explained by a distribution of barrier heights between the ground and metastable states.
Abstract 1308: Achaete-scute homolog 1 (Ascl1) lineage in the lung gives rise to multiple cell types

Lung contains many highly specialized cells. Type I pneumocytes are responsible for gas exchange, while type II pneumocytes secrete surfactant which prevents alveoli from collapsing. Airways are lined by non-ciliated secretory (Clara) and ciliated cells that eliminate excess mucus and harmful particles, and rare pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) which regulate breathing and contribute to carcinogenesis. PNECs have unknown histogenesis but differentiate prior to the other cells. The neural transcription factor achaete-scute homolog 1 (Ascl1) is critical for PNEC development and is associated with stem cell marker expression in normal and neoplastic lung. Hence, we used in vivo lineage and fate tracing strategy to investigate Ascl1-defined cells (ASDCs) during lung development and injury repair. R26R-stop-lacZ (Rosa) reporter mice were crossed with Ascl1-Cre and Ascl1-CreERTM mice, in which the Ascl1 promoter drives the expression of Cre or inducible Cre recombinase, respectively (Battiste et al., Development (2007) 134:285-93). Following recombination, ASDCs and their descendants will be permanently labeled and were further characterized by immunohistochemistry using cellular differentiation markers. Labeled cells in Ascl1-Cre/Rosa mice gave rise not only to PNECs but also to neural, Clara, ciliated, alveolar type I and type II cells. Interestingly, tamoxifen (TM) administration to Ascl1-CreERTM/Rosa dams at embryonic day E9.5 labeled both airway and alveolar cells, while TM injected at E11.5 only labeled airway cells. Moreover, adult Ascl1-CreERTM/Rosa mice were administered TM followed by naphthalene (Nap), which kills Clara cells. It is notable that in addition to PNECs which are resistant to Nap, regenerating Clara cells were now labeled during the injury repair. We conclude that ASDCs are not limited to giving rise to neural cells or PNECs during pulmonary development, but they also contribute to a range of non-neuroendocrine cells such as Clara and ciliated cells as well as alveolar pneumocytes. Further, the lineage participates in injury repair of the airway lining in mature lung. The current Ascl1 lineage study provides a basis for recent studies on mouse small cell lung cancer (Sutherland et al., Cancer Cell (2011) 19:754-64) which suggested that both PNECs and non-neuroendocrine cells such as alveolar type II pneumocytes may serve as progenitors for this very virulent lung cancer type. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1308. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1308
INFORMATION SEEKERS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS: A POLICY PERSPECTIVE

Consumer information systems in general, and independent consumer information programs in particular, are seen as indispensable elements of consumer policy, both private and public. In open market ...
Effect of Xiaochaihu Decoction(小柴胡汤) on the Immune Function of Experimental Hepatic Injury in Mice

Objective:To study the effect of Xiaochaihu Decoction(XD) on the immune function of mice with experimental hepatic injury.Methods:Bacille Calmette-Guerin(BCG) and Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were used to set up the mice model of hepatic injury.And then the mice were treated with XD.Mice treated with Biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate(BDD) and the normal mice were set up as the control groups.10 days later,the spleens of each group of the mice were picked off and T-lymphocyte proliferation rate and B-lymphocyte proliferation rate were detected by MTT colorimetry.And the weights of the spleens were measured to get the spleen index.Results:In the treatemnt group,T-lymphocyte proliferation rate and B-lymphocyte proliferation rate were much higher than that in the model group,the difference was notable(P0 01).The spleen index was higher than the model group too(P0 05).Conclusion:XD could significantly improve the immune function of the mice model of hepatic injury.This may be the reliable evidence for the clinical treatment of XD on the deficiency of immune function in liver disease.
Model-Based Covert Timing Channels: Automated Modeling and Evasion

The exploration of advanced covert timing channel design is important to understand and defend against covert timing channels. In this paper, we introduce a new class of covert timing channels, called model-based covert timing channels, which exploit the statistical properties of legitimate network traffic to evade detection in an effective manner. We design and implement an automated framework for building model-based covert timing channels. Our framework consists of four main components: filter, analyzer, encoder, and transmitter. The filter characterizes the features of legitimate network traffic, and the analyzer fits the observed traffic behavior to a model. Then, the encoder and transmitter use the model to generate covert traffic and blend with legitimate network traffic. The framework is lightweight, and the overhead induced by model fitting is negligible. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, we conduct a series of experiments in LAN and WAN environments. The experimental results show that model-based covert timing channels provide a significant increase in detection resistance with only a minor loss in capacity.
How and Whom the US President Sanctions: A Time-series Cross-section Analysis of US Sanction Decisions and Characteristics

Economic sanctions are shown throughout the literature to be largely ineffective in attaining their goals. Why then are sanctions still widely used, and, in particular, why does the United States continue to use economic sanctions with such vigor? Lindsay (1986) showed that countries would use economic sanctions for domestic purposes as well as their claimed international goals. More specifically and recently, Drury (1998) showed that the US uses economic sanctions not only for the policy goals it claims but also for undeclared domestic reasons. The findings show that the president’s decision to use economic sanctions follows the decision to use military force very closely.
Modeling and Implementation of an Asynchronous Approach to Integrating HPC and Big Data Analysis1

With the emergence of exascale computing and big data analytics, many important scientific applications require the integration of computationally intensive modeling and simulation with data-intensive analysis to accelerate scientific discovery. In this paper, we create an analytical model to steer the optimization of the end-to-end time-to-solution for the integrated computation and data analysis. We also design and develop an intelligent data broker to efficiently intertwine the computation stage and the analysis stage to practically achieve the optimal time-to-solution predicted by the analytical model. We perform experiments on both synthetic applications and real-world computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications. The experiments show that the analytic model exhibits an average relative error of less than 10%, and the application performance can be improved by up to 131% for the synthetic programs and by up to 78% for the real-world CFD application.
She shoots, she scores: Mediated constructions of contemporary female athletes in coverage of the 1999 US women's soccer team

The contemporary mediascape is populated as never before by scores of female athletes and women's sports teams. Because the mainstream media are notorious for their perpetuation of traditional gender roles, this raises interesting questions regarding how these women are represented in the media. In this essay, I assess the media coverage of the 1999 US women's soccer team; I argue that these athletes are gendered by the media via sexualizing strategies that are subtler and more sophisticated than those of years past. Accordingly, despite apparent progress represented by increasing numbers of female athletes, the hegemonic function of media coverage of them is even more profound today than it has been historically.
Area use and movements of the white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) in the Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors.

Abstract Understanding the movements of fish in relation to areas of contaminated and urbanized habitats is crucial to fisheries management and habitat remediation. In this study, the movements of white croaker in the Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors were examined using both active and passive acoustic telemetry tracking. Daily area use for 20 fish actively tracked over multiple days averaged 94,720 ± 78,720 m2 (±SD), with daily activity spaces shifting over periods of up to 1 month. Long-term dispersal (up to 7 months) of 93 passively tracked white croaker followed significantly non-random patterns, with 55 individuals (59.1%) making inter-regional Harbor movements. Inter-regional movements took an average of 4.7 ± 4.1 weeks to complete. Dispersal was significantly faster than what was predicted by an individual-based random walk model generated from short-term white croaker movements recorded during active tracking within the Harbor. Longer-term dispersal is likely the result of intentional movements between patches of favorable habitat rather than random daily shifts in activity spaces, indicating that white croaker deliberately utilize different areas within the Harbor and over the course of a year utilize much of the favorable Harbor habitat.
Crossmodal spatial congruence effects: visual dominance in conditions of increased and reduced selection difficulty.

The present study investigated crossmodal spatial congruence effects in the cued modality-switching paradigm of Lukas, Philipp, and Koch (Psychol Res 74:255–267, 2010). Bimodal auditory and visual spatial-location stimuli were presented simultaneously, and participants responded with a left or right key press to the left or right location of the stimulus in the cued modality. Results replicated the asymmetric spatial congruence effects reported by Lukas et al. for a compatible mapping of stimulus locations to responses, with higher performance cost for spatially incongruent stimuli when the relevant modality was auditory and the irrelevant modality visual than when the relation was opposite. A similar result pattern was found when the stimulus–response mapping was incompatible and when the responses differed along an orthogonal vertical axis, consistent with the view that the visual dominance effect depends on correspondence between the auditory and visual stimulus locations. Blocking the relevant modality to remove uncertainty reduced but did not eliminate the visual dominance effect, even with brief stimulus durations. The findings provide broad support for crossmodal visual dominance, even when participants know to direct attention to the auditory modality.
What Is It to Vote

Unless women in the largest sector of the electorate in developing countries can provide real answers to the question “what is it to vote?” on their own in a generally democratic way, female suffrage is meaningless. The task of the feminist intellectual is to understand how this can be done. Although theoretically and politically incorrect, because it is liberal and bio-political—nonetheless, “other people’s children” is a slogan that travels from elite to subaltern in the electorate and should therefore be used. Since gendering is our first instrument of abstraction, the bio-political should be used strategically as a weapon for democratic emancipation. Humanities-style mind-changing work should supplement statistical calculations, as in the Human Development Index. It must be remembered that, globally, mind-changing work begins with the nurturing of the will to social justice among the children of the world, irrespective of race, class, and gender. Indeed, gendered citizenship must be perceived as also classed and racialized.
Hepatic HNF1 transcription factors control the induction of PCSK9 mediated by rosuvastatin in normolipidemic hamsters

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) impedes low‑density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR)-mediated LDL-cholesterol uptake and has hence emerged as a critical regulator of serum cholesterol levels and a new therapeutic target for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Statins have been shown to elevate circulating PCSK9 levels by stimulating PCSK9 gene transcription, which reduces the clinical efficacy of statin in LDL‑cholesterol reduction. The transcription of PCSK9 is partially controlled by the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1) binding site embedded in the proximal region of its promoter. In this study, we utilized adenoviral shRNA delivery vectors to generate liver-specific knockdown of HNF1α (Ad‑shHNF1α) or HNF1β (Ad‑shHNF1β) in hamsters to examine the impact of reduced hepatic expression of HNF1 transcription factors on statin‑induced elevation of PCSK9 expression and serum cholesterol levels. We showed that the administration of rosuvastatin (RSV) to normolipidemic hamsters significantly augmented hepatic PCSK9 expression and serum PCSK9 levels. In addition, RSV treatment increased hepatic HNF1α protein levels without a clear effect on HNF1α mRNA expression. Injection of Ad-shHNF1α or Ad‑shHNF1β into hamsters both blunted RSV‑induced elevation of PCSK9 serum concentration and hepatic mRNA and protein levels, which led to significant increases in liver LDLR protein abundance. Furthermore, hepatic depletion of HNF1 factors lowered circulating total cholesterol and non‑high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in RSV‑treated hamsters. Our study demonstrates that both HNF1α and HNF1β are positive regulators of hepatic PCSK9 transcription in hamster species and that transient, liver-specific knockdown of either HNF1α or HNF1β could antagonize the RSV‑induced elevation of serum PCSK9 and reduce circulating cholesterol levels.
Brain Metastases in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study.

Importance Population-based estimates of the incidence and prognosis of brain metastases at diagnosis of breast cancer are lacking. Objective To characterize the incidence proportions and median survivals of patients with breast cancer and brain metastases at the time of cancer diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants Patients with breast cancer and brain metastases at the time of diagnosis were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute. Data were stratified by subtype, age, sex, and race. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression were performed to identify predictors of the presence of brain metastases at diagnosis and factors associated with all-cause mortality, respectively. For incidence, we identified a population-based sample of 238 726 adult patients diagnosed as having invasive breast cancer between 2010 and 2013 for whom the presence or absence of brain metastases at diagnosis was known. Patients diagnosed at autopsy or with an unknown follow-up were excluded from the survival analysis, leaving 231 684 patients in this cohort. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence proportion and median survival of patients with brain metastases and newly diagnosed breast cancer. Results We identified 968 patients with brain metastases at the time of diagnosis of breast cancer, representing 0.41% of the entire cohort and 7.56% of the subset with metastatic disease to any site. A total of 57 were 18 to 40 years old, 423 were 41 to 60 years old, 425 were 61-80 years old, and 63 were older than 80 years. Ten were male and 958 were female. Incidence proportions were highest among patients with hormone receptor (HR)-negative human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive (1.1% among entire cohort, 11.5% among patients with metastatic disease to any distant site) and triple-negative (0.7% among entire cohort, 11.4% among patients with metastatic disease to any distant site) subtypes. Median survival among the entire cohort with brain metastases was 10.0 months. Patients with HR-positive HER2-positive subtype displayed the longest median survival (21.0 months); patients with triple-negative subtype had the shortest median survival (6.0 months). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study provides population-based estimates of the incidence and prognosis for patients with brain metastases at time of diagnosis of breast cancer. The findings lend support to consideration of screening imaging of the brain for patients with HER2-positive or triple-negative subtypes and extracranial metastases.
Online Training in Mind-Body Therapies: Different Doses, Long-term Outcomes.

Background.There is a high rate of burnout among health professionals, driving diverse attempts to promote resilience and well-being to counter this trend. The purpose of this project was to assess...
Pathology Features and Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Patients with Hepatitis C Associated Liver Cirrhosis

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single stranded RNA virus belonging to the family of Flaviviridae. The hepatitis C virus has unique ability to cause persistent infection in susceptible host. The chronicity rate is 75-85% after acute infection and 20-30% of HCV infected patients will develop cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Post transfusion HCV has been virtually eliminated by screening of donor blood after 1992 and injection drug use now appears to be the most common remaining risk factor for HCV infection. Chronic infection of HCV is a major risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and the pathogenesis of HCC in chronic HCV infection is due to chronic inflammation for long period of time which leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis and carcinoma formation. Pathology features of chronic hepatitis C, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were described. Molecular genetic mechanisms involved in the development of hepatitis C associated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were reviewed. Understanding the mechanisms of initiation and progression of HCC will provide principles for early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Kullback–Leibler Likelihood and Entropy Family

Besides empirical likelihood, the Kullback–Leibler likelihood is another popular method to calibrate auxiliary information. The entropy family has also been used extensively in information theory. We mainly focus on discussions for continuous random variable cases. The discrete cases can be treated similarly.
Shape and motion reconstruction with additional data

This paper describes and compares two techniques for jointly estimating the shape and motion of a 3D body using 1D orthographically projected range data. In the first technique, we use only range data; in the second, we add range-rate and change-in-phase information. We compare the two techniques, and show that unexpectedly, augmenting the range data with range-rate and change-in-phase information does not seem to improve the estimation quality.
Poly(aryleneethynylene)s: Properties, Applications and Synthesis Through Alkyne Metathesis

Functional polymeric materials have seen their way into every facet of materials chemistry and engineering. In this review article, we focus on a promising class of polymers, poly(aryleneethynylene)s, by covering several of the numerous applications found thus far for these materials. Additionally, we survey the current synthetic strategies used to create these polymers, with a focus on the emerging technique of alkyne metathesis. An overview is presented of the most recent catalytic systems that support alkyne metathesis as well as the more useful alkyne metathesis reaction capable of synthesizing poly(aryleneethynylene)s.
Las vidas sociales de los bosques: pasado, presente y futuro del resurgimiento del bosque

Las Vidas Sociales de los Bosques: pasado, presente y futuro del resurgimiento del bosque, editado por Susanna B. Hecht, Kathleen D. Morrison y Christine Padoch, es una coleccion de veintiocho ensayos dividida en cinco partes: marcos conceptuales, ecologias historicas, dinamicas de mercado, instituciones y la matriz urbana. Al unisono, este ensamblaje de reflexiones derivadas de una investigacion rigurosa y multidisciplinar de los bosques sociales a lo largo del tiempo, en areas tropicales y el subtropicales (en algunos casos, en zonas templadas), se decanta en una sorprendente variedad de argumentos que cuentan una historia muy diferente, y en algunos casos opuesta, a la narrativa predominante sobre la destruccion de los bosques tropicales.
ASSIMILATION OF SEWAGE BY WETLANDS

ABSTRACT Wetlands have attracted attention as potential components of waste treatment systems because of typically large plant production, high decomposer activity, anaerobic condition and large adsorptive areas in the sediments. These properties seem to provide wetlands with the ability to degrade and eliminate contaminants in waste waters. The effluent-properties of a variety of wetland habitats in very diverse parts of the world (salt and brackish marshes, polders, cypress, papyrus and mangrove swamps, freshwater marshes and bogs) have been studied. Although each habitat type differs, current results from marshes show that nitrogenous and phosphorus nutrients are removed from contaminated or waste waters. Heavy metals from sludges are retained by marsh muds, but the effectiveness varies considerably for different metals. Petroleum hydrocarbons accumulate in marsh muds and may be actively decomposed, particularly at lower levels of contamination. Chlorinated hydrocarbons have high affinities for marsh sediments and can be altered by microorganismal activity. There is preliminary evidence that counts of coliform bacteria may be reduced in tidal water that floods marshes. The waste-processing ability of coastal wetlands must have an upper threshold. Little is known about these upper limits but studies in chronically contaminated sites show that marshlands function well even in severely polluted areas.
Anellovirus loads are associated with outcomes in pediatric lung transplantation.

Anelloviruses are DNA viruses ubiquitously present in human blood. Due to their elevated levels in immunosuppressed patients, anellovirus levels have been proposed as a marker of immune status. We hypothesized that low anellovirus levels, reflecting relative immunocompetence, would be associated with adverse outcomes in pediatric lung transplantation. We assayed blood samples from 57 patients in a multicenter study for alpha- and betatorquevirus, two anellovirus genera. The primary short-term outcome of interest was acute rejection, and longer-term outcomes were analyzed individually and as “composite” (death, chronic rejection, or retransplant within 2 years). Patients with low alphatorquevirus levels at 2 weeks post-transplantation were more likely to develop acute rejection within 3 months after transplant (P = .013). Low betatorquevirus levels at 6 weeks and 6 months after transplant were associated with death (P = .047) and the composite outcome (P = .017), respectively. There was an association between low anellovirus levels and adverse outcomes in pediatric lung transplantation. Alphatorquevirus levels were associated with short-term outcomes (ie, acute rejection), while betatorquevirus levels were associated with longer-term outcomes (ie, death, or composite outcome within 2 years). These observations suggest that anelloviruses may serve as useful biomarkers of immune status and predictors of adverse outcomes.
Effect of neighboring-microstructure on the rolling contact fatigue around non-metallic inclusion

It is well known that the flaking of a raceway causes the bearing failure, and the flaking mechanism depends on the lubrication condition. In the case of ideal lubrication condition with sufficient oil film thickness, the flaking originates from a non-metallic inclusion at the subsurface. It occurs through the formation of butterfly structure due to stress concentration around the inclusion. Therefore, the countermeasure of this type of flaking is to make cleaner steel by the reduction of inclusions. However, further reduction of inclusion imposes an extra challenge for the current steel making process. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of neighbouring microstructure on the butterfly structure is evaluated to propose a new life improvement method for rolling contact fatigue. It was suggested that it’s important to eliminate strain localization near inclusion for improving bearing life.
Elastic–plastic behaviour in materials loaded with a spherical indenter

Certain ceramic materials display an indentation response similar to that observed for ductile metals when loaded with a spherical indenter. This unusual behaviour, for what are nominally brittle materials, influences the mode of contact damage in applications such as machining, wear, impact damage and hardness testing. The shape of the plastic zone beneath the indenter is typically fully contained within the circle of contact on the specimen surface and thus conventional hardness theories, such as the popular expanding cavity model, provide an inadequate account of indentation response of the material. The present work demonstrates, by experiment, finite element modelling and theoretical considerations, that the indentation response is determined by the interaction between the evolving plastic zone and the mechanical properties of the specimen material, in particular, the ratio of the elastic modulus to the yield stress.
Cellular Therapy for Hematology Malignancies: Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Transplantation, Graft-Versus-Host Disease, and Graft Versus Leukemia Effects

The ability of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) to cure hematologic malignancies is widely recognized. An important therapeutic aspect of HCT in eradicating malignant cells is the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. But the GVL effect is closely associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) the major complication of HCT. GVHD remains the major barrier to the wider application of allogeneic HCT for a variety of diseases. GVHD occurs in two forms, acute and chronic, and both are associated with GVL effects. Recent advances in the understanding of genetic polymorphisms, the chemo-cytokine networks, several novel cellular subsets including regulatory T cells, and of the direct mediators of cellular cytotoxicity have led to improved understanding of these complex processes. Animal studies show that modulating several mediators of the complex GVHD cascade may be able to reduce the undesirable inflammatory aspects of GVHD while preserving the benefits of GVL. However, most of the laboratory observations remain to be studied in well-controlled clinical trials. Multiple cellular effectors may be involved in GVL, although donor T cell recognition of host antigens is an important element of this process. Cellular immunotherapy such as donor leukocyte infusion offers a strategy for separating GVHD and the GVL effect. Both experimental and clinical data suggest that post-transplantation cellular immunotherapy can be performed relatively safely and effectively, and optimization of patient selection, cell dose, and timing of administration may all serve to limit toxicity and enhance the potential GVL effects.
Electronic Properties of Linear Polyenes

Polyacetylene remains one of the most interesting conducting polymers. While this is in part due to the very high conductivities that can be achieved by lightly oxidizing stretched polyacetylene films with molecular iodine, this interest also reflects the expectation that, because of the simplicity of the polyene backbone, the link between electronic structure and transport can be most easily worked out for this system. It is in this sense that polyacetylene is a paradigm system for conducting polymers.
Numerical Study of Surface Waves in Channels

This research concerns the application of the boundary element method (BEM) in the study of small-amplitude surface waves in channels. For the purposes of this paper, a channel will be considered a two-dimensional problem in which the length of the channel is very large compared to its depth and width. Further, the depth and width are assumed to be constant along the lengthwise direction.
New Warning for Lamotrigine

Lamotrigine (Lamictal) now carries a warning stating that the drug can cause hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a rare immune disorder.Nurses should teach patients starting lamotrigine therapy about the signs and symptoms of this rare immune disorder, and those who present with these signs and symp
From Dream to Nightmare: Gun Violence in America

Following the horrific school shooting on February 14, 2018 in Parkland, Florida, a student-led movement erupted that led to massive marches around the globe. This speech was delivered by Sami Rahamim, a student in the Carlson School of Management at the University of Minnesota, at the March For Our Lives rally in St. Paul, Minnesota, on March 24, 2018 to an estimated crowd of 20,000 people. Rahamim offers a partnership approach that is based on deep listening and mutual respect to address the gun violence crisis in America.
Controlled germination for enhancing the nutritional value of sprouted grains

Abstract Globally, grains such as wheat, rice, maize, oat, barley, rye, sorghum, millet, buckwheat, and quinoa are planted for producing dietary foods and consumed in whole, polished, or milled forms. Recent studies in nutrition and epidemiology suggest that whole grains offer health benefits to humans and, as a result, their consumption has significantly increased. Controlled germination is one of the effective methods to enhance the nutritional value of whole grains. In this chapter, the term controlled germination refers to: germination under carefully controlled conditions, and germination accompanied by the application of environmental stresses that trigger plant defense systems in order to produce and accumulate health-promoting bioactive compounds. This chapter summarizes the research on conventional methods of germination control (germination time, temperature, and oxygen), and the impacts of these treatments on the nutritional quality of sprouted grains. It also reviews the emerging use of physical energy forms such as ultrasound, high pressure, pulsed electric field (PEF), light, and cold plasma, among others, as new controlled germination enhancers.
Teachers’ perceptions of the official curriculum: Problem solving and rigor

Abstract This contribution to curriculum ergonomics focuses on teachers’ perceptions of problem solving and rigor in the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics, the curricular aims and objectives component of the official curriculum in the U.S. Our analyses involve 89 middle school mathematics teachers (MSMTs) using two different types of district-adopted textbooks: thinking device (TD) and delivery mechanism (DM). We found that MSMTs’ perceptions of problem solving and rigor in the Common Core varied by textbook type. Consequently, while this paper examines teachers’ perceptions of curricular aims and objectives, it was apparent that another component of the official curriculum, teachers’ district-adopted textbooks, played a strong role in influencing these perceptions. The implications of these results are discussed.
A seascape-scale habitat model to support management of fishing impacts on benthic ecosystems

Minimizing fishing impacts on seafloor ecosystems is a growing focus of ocean management; however, few quantitative tools exist to guide seascape-scale habitat management. To meet these needs, we d...
Density embedding with constrained chemical potential

We formulate a chemical-potential constrained density embedding method for systems where different fragments can have either continuum or discrete electronic states. We illustrate the method with t...
Evaluation of the Imbalance Evolution in Parallel Reservoir Simulation

Load balancing is a crucial factor affecting the performance of parallel applications. Improper work distribution leads to underutilization of computing resources and an unnecessary increase in runtime. This paper identifies the imbalance sources in reservoir simulation and characterizes them as static or dynamic. Simulation model properties that change over time, such as well management actions, are registered and correlated with performance characteristics hence identifying sources of imbalance. The results are exploratory and used to validate the current approach of static grid-to-process, and well-to-process assignment widely used in commercial parallel reservoir simulators. Areas in which implementing dynamic load balancing would be worthwhile are identified.
What Is Jefferson’s Revolutionary Theory?

Jefferson’s revolutionary theory defined as a discourse and public rhetoric, reflecting a democratic end-in-view, or telos. The importance of reconceiving the American Revolution as an inter-generational project of democratization. The Declaration of Independence as the sheet anchor of revolutionary process and generational change; how the pursuit of happiness and alter and abolish clauses in the Declaration can be interpreted as an invitation for altering or abolishing not only governmental forms but also cultural forms. Jefferson’s scientific worldview is described in the context of his revolutionary theory.