cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pedophiles: A case study

This study characterizes men who have engaged in habitual sexual conduct with children, or pedophiles. This examination is designed as a content analysis using the academic and practitioner press to describe pedophilia characteristics among predators. The sample of three convicted predators is not the focus of this investigation but used to primarily to help operationalize the realities of pedophiles as seen in the literature. All three participants were offenders in a high profile event in the region of the country where they individuals were apprehended, tried, and eventually convicted. The findings indicate that the behavior of most pedophiles is a way of life prior to, during, and after incarceration. One implication arising from this finding is that rehabilitation might be pointless for these offenders. Further research is suggested to determine classification levels of pedophiles in order to best serve the communities these offenders are released into.
O-GlcNAc : a regulatory post-translational modification

Beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a regulatory post-translational modification of nuclear and cytosolic proteins. The enzymes for its addition and removal have recently been cloned and partially characterized. While only about 80 mammalian proteins have been identified to date that carry this modification, it is clear that this represents just a small percentage of the modified proteins. O-GlcNAc has all the properties of a regulatory modification including being dynamic and inducible. The modification appears to modulate transcriptional and signal transduction events. There are also accruing data that O-GlcNAc plays a role in apoptosis and neurodegeneration. A working model is emerging that O-GlcNAc serves as a metabolic sensor that attenuates a cell's response to extracellular stimuli based on the energy state of the cell. In this review, we will focus on the enzymes that add/remove O-GlcNAc, the functional impact of O-GlcNAc modification, and the current working model for O-GlcNAc as a nutrient sensor.
Investigation of band bending and charging phenomena in frontier orbital alignment measurements of para-quaterphenyl thin films grown on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and SnS2

Abstract Thin films of the polyparaphenylene (PPP) molecule para -quaterphenyl ( p -4P) were grown in ultrahigh vacuum in a multi-step growth procedure on in situ cleaved highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and single crystals of the layered semiconductor SnS 2 . Prior to growth and after each growth, combined X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, UPS) measurements were carried out to determine the electronic structure of the interfaces. PPP organic interfaces are of interest because of the emissive properties of PPP molecules and their potential use in organic light emitting diodes and displays. The large difference between the SnS 2 and HOPG work functions (SnS 2 : 5.38 eV; HOPG: 4.65 eV) allowed the quantitative examination of band bending occurring in the p -4P layer due to the equilibration of the substrate and p -4P Fermi levels. The combination of UPS and XPS measurements allowed for separation of band bending, charging, and interface dipole-related shifts of the high binding energy cutoff (secondary edge) of the UP-spectra which are needed for the precise determination of the interface dipole and the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital alignment relative to the substrate electronic structure.
Latent Factor Analysis to Discover Pathway-Associated Putative Segmental Aneuploidies in Human Cancers

Tumor microenvironmental stresses, such as hypoxia and lactic acidosis, play important roles in tumor progression. Although gene signatures reflecting the influence of these stresses are powerful approaches to link expression with phenotypes, they do not fully reflect the complexity of human cancers. Here, we describe the use of latent factor models to further dissect the stress gene signatures in a breast cancer expression dataset. The genes in these latent factors are coordinately expressed in tumors and depict distinct, interacting components of the biological processes. The genes in several latent factors are highly enriched in chromosomal locations. When these factors are analyzed in independent datasets with gene expression and array CGH data, the expression values of these factors are highly correlated with copy number alterations (CNAs) of the corresponding BAC clones in both the cell lines and tumors. Therefore, variation in the expression of these pathway-associated factors is at least partially caused by variation in gene dosage and CNAs among breast cancers. We have also found the expression of two latent factors without any chromosomal enrichment is highly associated with 12q CNA, likely an instance of “trans”-variations in which CNA leads to the variations in gene expression outside of the CNA region. In addition, we have found that factor 26 (1q CNA) is negatively correlated with HIF-1α protein and hypoxia pathways in breast tumors and cell lines. This agrees with, and for the first time links, known good prognosis associated with both a low hypoxia signature and the presence of CNA in this region. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility that tumor segmental aneuploidy makes significant contributions to variation in the lactic acidosis/hypoxia gene signatures in human cancers and demonstrate that latent factor analysis is a powerful means to uncover such a linkage.
poolMC: Smart pooling of mRNA samples in microarray experiments

Background Typically, pooling of mRNA samples in microarray experiments implies mixing mRNA from several biological-replicate samples before hybridization onto a microarray chip. Here we describe an alternative smart pooling strategy in which different samples, not necessarily biological replicates, are pooled in an information theoretic efficient way. Further, each sample is tested on multiple chips, but always in pools made up of different samples. The end goal is to exploit the compressibility of microarray data to reduce the number of chips used and increase the robustness to noise in measurements.
Salmonellae, Salmonellosis, and Dairy Foods: A Review

Salmonellae continue to be a major concern for the dairy industry because these bacteria have caused recent outbreaks of illness and have been isolated from various dairy products in the market place. Salmonellae are generally not heat resistant and normally grow at 35 to 37 degrees C, but they can grow at much lower temperatures, provided that the incubation time is suitably extended. To minimize problems, foods should be held at or below 2 to 5 degrees C at all times. Both conventional and rapid methods are available to isolate salmonellae from dairy foods and to identify the bacteria. Salmonellae behave differently in different kinds of cheese: they survived in ripening Cheddar cheese for up to 7 mo at 13 degrees C and for 10 mo at 7 degrees C; in coldpack cheese food for several weeks, depending on the pH and preservative used; and in Domiati cheese 13 to 36 d, depending on the manufacturing process used. When Mozzarella cheese was made, temperatures of stretching and molding (60 degrees C) killed all salmonellae present, but, in cottage cheese, survival of the pathogen depended on the cooking temperature of curd. Spray drying of skim milk killed substantial numbers of salmonellae, but some survivors remained. Butter readily supported growth of salmonellae at room temperature, and neither freezing nor refrigeration for brief periods eliminated salmonellae from butter. Use of appropriate hygienic procedures, e.g., Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system, during processing should reduce the likelihood of salmonellosis outbreaks associated with dairy foods.
Envisioning Science: The Design and Craft of the Science Image. Felice Frankel. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002, 336 pp., $55.00, hardcover. ISBN 0-262-06225-9.

The general public has a seemingly insatiable appetite for scientific findings, and it has largely fallen to journalists to communicate and interpret scientific studies. More and more, uncertain findings have been proclaimed as “facts”. For a layperson to convey the subtle but critically important, nuances through words to other laypersons is a challenge. Members of science communities often stand on the sidelines as science is communicated to laypersons. Scientists may also rely on the communication of science by words through technical writers, science editors, and public relations …
Incidence of pain following one-visit endodontic treatment

Abstract Postoperative pain was evaluated in a series of 247 teeth following complete endodontic treatment in one visit. Within 24 hours following treatment, 90 per cent of the patients showed little or no spontaneous pain and 82 per cent had little or no pericementitis. Factors associated with greater or lesser postoperative pain are reported.
Work in progress: Sustainable projects for software engineering courses: Collaborating with technology courses

Teaching Software Engineering (SE) based on “real-world” projects engages students with practical application of software engineering concepts-students develop a deeper interest in the project deliverables while they acquire the skills of critically analyzing the problem and determining the best course of action. It can be challenging to find and maintain a reliable stream of suitable software projects that match learning outcomes, technical scope, and academic calendar of an SE class. On the other hand, a typical university campus has many nonComputer Science (CS) technology classes that require their students to study, understand, and evaluate existing software applications in specific areas. With purposeful coordination, these non-CS technology classes can serve as effective source of real projects for SE classes. This paper describes our experience of collaborating with the Education Program in their Technology in Education course. While we encountered some challenges, our experience has demonstrated that it is indeed mutually beneficial and rewarding for students in both courses. We offer recommendations on choosing non-CS technology classes and logistical guidelines to ensure the success of such collaborations.
Kinetic analysis of ligand interaction with the gonococcal transferrin-iron acquisition system

The transferrin iron acquisition system of Neisseria gonorrhoeae consists of two dissimilar transferrin binding proteins (Tbp) A and B. TbpA is a TonB dependent transporter while TbpB is a lipoprotein that makes iron acquisition from transferrin (Tf) more efficient. In an attempt to further define the individual roles of these receptors in the process of Tf-iron acquisition, the kinetics of the receptor proteins in regards to ligand association and dissociation were evaluated. Tf association with TbpB was rapid as compared to TbpA. Tf dissociation from the wild-type receptor occurred in a biphasic manner; an initial rapid release was followed by a slower dissociation over time. Both TbpA and TbpB demonstrated a two-phase release pattern; however, TbpA required both TonB and TbpB for efficient Tf dissociation from the cell surface. The roles of TbpA and TbpB in Tf dissociation were further examined, utilizing previously created HA fusion proteins. Using a Tf-utilization deficient TbpA-HA mutant, we concluded that the slower rate of ligand dissociation demonstrated by the wild-type transporter was a function of successful iron internalization. Insertion into the C-terminus of TbpB decreased the rate of Tf dissociation, while insertion into the N-terminus had no effect on this process. From these studies, we propose that TbpA and TbpB function synergistically during the process of Tf iron acquisition and that TbpB makes the process of Tf-iron acquisition more efficient at least in part by affecting association and dissociation of Tf from the cell surface.
On-the-Fly Assembled Multistage Adaptive Testing.

Recently, multistage testing (MST) has been adopted by several important large-scale testing programs and become popular among practitioners and researchers. Stemming from the decades of history of computerized adaptive testing (CAT), the rapidly growing MST alleviates several major problems of earlier CAT applications. Nevertheless, MST is only one among all possible solutions to these problems. This article presents a new adaptive testing design, “on-the-fly assembled multistage adaptive testing” (OMST), which combines the benefits of CAT and MST and offsets their limitations. Moreover, OMST also provides some unique advantages over both CAT and MST. A simulation study was conducted to compare OMST with MST and CAT, and the results demonstrated the promising features of OMST. Finally, the “Discussion” section provides suggestions on possible future adaptive testing designs based on the OMST framework, which could provide great flexibility for adaptive tests in the digital future and open an avenue for a...
USE AND EVALUATION OF THE KAHN TEST OF SYMBOL ARRANGEMENT (KTSA): PARTIAL SUMMARY THROUGH OCTOBER, 1979: I. PUBLISHED PAPERS

ABIDIN, R. R. KTSA sorting norms for school age children. 1. clin. Psychol., 1966, 22, 85-90. ABIDIN, R: R. KTSA symbolization norms for school-age children. I. proj. Tech. pers. Assmt, 1966, 30, 474-478. ABIDIN, R. R. Children's KTSA performance: research and revision. Proc. 76th Ann. Conven., APA, 1968, 2, 595ABIDIN, R. R., JR. KTSA interscorer reliability for children's protocols. Internat. I . Symbology, 1970, 1 (3 1, 37-39. AFTANAS, M. S., & ROYCE, J. R. A factor analysis of brain damage tests administered to normal subjects with factor score comparisons across ages. Mubiuar, behau. Res.. 1969, 4, 459-481. ANDERSON, L. A., & CLACK, G. S. Interscorer reliability and the KTSA. C a d . Prychologirt, 1966, 7, 213-21 5. BACHTOLD, L. M. Responses of disturbed adolescents on the Kahn Test of Symbol Arrangement. Percept. mot. Skills, 1976, 42, 663-668. BALLO, G. R. KTSA and academic achievement. Intern&. 1. Symbology, 1972, 3 ( I ) , 77.70 a, d , .
Energetic protons from the solar flare of March 24, 1966

Energetic protons from March 24, 1966 solar flare observed with OGO 1 satellite scintillation counter
Characterization Study of the Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube Copper Nanocomposites

In this study, thermal conductivity measurements of carbon nanotube (CNT) copper nanocomposite fabricated with a novel electrochemical co-deposition method were carried out. The measured thermal conductivity of a Cu-CNT nanocomposite is about 180% greater than that of pure copper. The resultant thermal conductivity of Cu-CNT composite is found to be proportional to the CNT addition.
Microsurgical reconstruction: The weightbearing surface of the foot

Microsurgical reconstruction in the weightbearing surface of the foot is discussed. Thirty-eight patients treated at the Mayo Clinic are reviewed as well as a review of the current literature, leaving 122 patients for analysis. Minor complication rates in the skin grafted muscle flaps were 18.5% and major complication rates requiring further surgery were found in 12.9%. Fasciocutaneous and cutaneous flaps had a 25% incidence of minor complications and a 26% incidence of major complications requiring further surgery. No definite conclusions can be drawn as to which flap is indeed the best, but the newer, thinner fasciocutaneous flaps with innervation seem to hold promise. Future considerations are also discussed.
Spatial Adaptation of Unstructured Meshes for Unsteady Aerodynamic Flow Computations

Spatial adaptation procedures for the accurate and efficient solution of steady and unsteady inviscid flow problems are described. The adaptation procedures were developed and implemented within a two-dimensional unstructured-grid upwind-type Euler code. These procedures involve mesh enrichment and mesh coarsening to either add points in high gradient regions of the flow or remove points where they are not needed, respectively, to produce solutions of high spatial accuracy at minimal computational cost. The paper describes a new approach to detect high gradient regions of the flow that uses the substantial derivative of density. Additionally, the paper gives a detailed description of the enrichment and coarsening procedures and further describes a new weighted averaging procedure and the interpolation of flow variables that improves the overall accuracy of the flow solver. Presented are comparisons with alternative results and experimental data to provide an assessment of the accuracy and efficiency of the capability. Steady and unsteady transonic results, obtained using spatial adaptation for the NAG A 0012 airfoil, are shown to be of high spatial accuracy, primarily in that the shock waves are very sharply captured. The results were obtained with large computational savings when compared to results for a globally enriched mesh with cells subdivided as many times as the finest cells of the adapted grid.
Structure of a single-cytidine hairpin loop formed by the DNA triplet GCA

In certain contexts the DNA triplet GGA, when juxtaposed on opposite strands of a DNA duplex, shows the unusual property of pairing with itself in an antiparallel orientation to form the (GGA)2 motif. In this motif the central guanines do not pair but intercalate and stack between sheared G.A pairs. Similar studies with GCA triplets reveal that they do not form analogous paired (GCA)2 motifs but instead strongly promote formation of a hairpin, the structure of which is now reported here. The GCA hairpin loop consists of a single cytidine residue closed by a sheared G.A pair and this structure is discussed in the context of triplet expansions in triplet-repeat diseases.
How Does TKA Kinematics Vary With Transverse Plane Alignment Changes in a Contemporary Implant

Background Assessment of patient function after TKA often focuses on implant alignment and daily activity capabilities, but the functional results and kinematics of the TKA are not easily predicted by some of these parameters during surgery.
Topical nasal anesthesia for transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy: A prospective, double-blind, cross-over study

Background Transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy (TFL) is frequently performed by otolaryngologists, speech language pathologists, and various other health care providers. Historically, topical sprays have been administered to patients to decongest and anesthetize the nasal mucosa, thus minimizing the discomfort of the procedure. Recently, it was reported that patients undergoing TFL with topical anesthesia experienced no improvement in comfort compared with those who received oxymetazoline or saline. This observation is in direct opposition to our clinical experience that patients tolerate the procedure better with topical anesthesia. Purpose We sought to compare patient comfort levels during TFL after the administration of cocaine, oxymetazoline, or saline. Methods Fifteen subjects undergoing TFL were prospectively evaluated. Each had TFL performed on 3 separate occasions. Before TFL, each patient received either 4% cocaine, 0.05% oxymetazoline, or saline topically administered via an atomizer to both nasal cavities (1 spray of 2-second duration). By the conclusion of the study, each patient had undergone TFL with each of the test agents. The subjects rated the discomfort they experienced on a scale ranging from 1 (minimal discomfort) to 5 (severe discomfort). Both patient and examiner were blinded to the test agent used. Results The mean nasal discomfort score for saline was 2.8 ± 1.1. The scores for oxymetazoline and cocaine were 3.4 ± 0.9 and 2.0 ± 0.9, respectively. Compared with saline and oxymetazoline independently, TFL with topical cocaine appeared to provide more comfort (P < 0.05 and P < 0.005). Conclusion The continued routine use of topical anesthetics such as cocaine before the performance of TFL is justified because it significantly decreases the patient’s discomfort.
Three-Dimensional Stylolites and Migratory Routes of Oil and Gas: ABSTRACT

Stylolite seams are mutually interpenetrating sutures, illustrated in the literature as cross sections resembling a stylus. Typical two-dimensional views are those of sutures shown on polished marble and limestone. Three-dimensional views of stylolites are provided by many limestones in the Virgin Member, Moenkopi Formation (Lower Triassic), of southern Nevada. They are well developed in outcrops at Blue Diamond Hill and southwest of Las Vegas. Essentially all seams display a columnar stylus fluted with striations resembling slickensides. In cross section, stylolites range in size from a few millimeters to as much as 15 cm. In plan view, they are polygonal, ranging from pentagonal to octagonal, to some with more sides. Many Virgin Limestone stylolites parallel the stratif cation, but others are oriented at various angles. Seams bifurcate, braid, regroup, and display diverse patterns of solution channels. Some stylolites parallel cross-stratification. As interpreted, stylolites are solution-compaction phenomena, and the amplitude of sutures or length of fluted columns is a measurement of the amount of compaction resulting from removal of carbonate sediment. If interlocking columns are 15 cm high, this represents the thickness of bedding unit removed during solution-compaction. Stylolites, being postdepositional, early compaction features are avenues along which oil and gas migrate. Hydrocarbons migrate early during depositional history in depocenters. Stylolites studied in carbonates of the Virgin Member show migratory routes of hydrocarbons, including some which carried oil to fill bioherms. End_of_Article - Last_Page 604------------
Dynamic schema for near infrared detection of pressure-induced changes in solid tumors

Differentiation among malignant tumors, benign tumors, and normal tissue is highly important in the diagnosis and treatment of many malignancies. We have proposed a dynamic schema for noninvasive characterization of pressure-induced changes in solid tumors. Our hypothesis has been that the altered neovascularization processes within cancer-bearing tissues may significantly increase vascular resistance and cause a much slower response of hemoglobin concentration during a dynamic compression stimulus. This hypothesis was tested by the evaluation of data generated from human tumor clinical testing and from animal tumor model testing. In the human tumor clinical testing, a unified diagnostic criterion was derived that integrated the relative characteristics of tumor oxygen, hemoglobin, and hemoglobin dynamics. By applying such a unified criterion, we were able to differentiate benign breast lesions and malignant breast tumors with high sensitivity and specificity within a subset of 14 suspicious breast lesions with similar size and depth characteristics. In the animal testing, a stepped compression load was applied to the subcutaneous tumor deposit on an athymic NU/NU nude mouse model with subcutaneous xenograft BxPC-3 cancer. Characteristic differences were observed between the premortem tumor and the postmortem tumor in terms of pressure-induced tumor structural and functional changes.
Sum of segmental bioimpedance analysis during ultrafiltration and hemodialysis reduces sensitivity to changes in body position.

Sum of segmental bioimpedance analysis during ultrafiltration and hemodialysis reduces sensitivity to changes in body position. Background Bioimpedance, a noninvasive technique to analyze body composition, has attracted interest in determining body hydration in hemodialysis patients. However, the so-called whole-body (wrist-to-ankle) bioimpedance analysis (WBIA) is sensitive to changes in regional fluid distribution and tends to underestimate fluid changes during ultrafiltration in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to show that volume changes calculated from a new approach, that is, segmental bioimpedance analysis (SBIA), are not affected by changes in body position. Methods Ten male patients (age 44 ± 8 years, target weight 70.8 ± 10 kg) were studied during their regular hemodialysis treatment while maintaining either a sitting or a supine body position throughout the study. Extracellular volume was calculated from extracellular resistance obtained from bioimpedance data measured for a range of frequencies (5 to 500kHz) using the Xitron BIS4000B analyzer. Wrist-to-ankle measurements were compared with segmental arm, trunk, and leg measurements. Results Changes in extracellular volume estimated from wrist-to-ankle measurements only reached 80 ± 13% and 65 ± 17% of the actual change in body mass during sitting and supine dialysis treatments, respectively. However, when segmental measurements were analyzed, the calculated change in extracellular volume was 101 ± 6% and 100 ± 3% of the actual change in body mass during the sitting and supine treatments, respectively. Conclusions SBIA properly identifies regional fluid changes and provides an appropriate measure of fluid changes caused by ultrafiltration and hemodialysis. The volume estimation based on the sum of segmental bioimpedance measurements is independent of body position, which is a prerequisite for applications in everyday practice.
Anaerobic degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA).

The potential for anaerobic degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) was investigated in laboratory incubations of sediments from a petroleum-contaminated aquifer and in aquatic sediments. The addition of humic substances (HS) stimulated the anaerobic degradation of MTBE in aquifer sediments in which Fe(III) was available as an electron acceptor. This is attributed to the fact that HS and other extracellular quinones can stimulate the activity of Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms by acting as an electron shuttle between Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms and insoluble Fe(III) oxides. MTBE was not degraded in aquifer sediments without Fe(III) and HS. [14C]-MTBE added to aquatic sediments adapted for anaerobic MTBE degradation was converted to 14CO2 in the presence or absence of HS or the HS analog, anthraquione-2,6-disulfonate. Unamended aquatic sediments produced 14CH4 as well as 14CO2 from [14C]-MTBE. The aquatic sediments also rapidly consumed TBA under anaerobic conditions ...
Induction of differential apoptotic pathways in multiple myeloma cells by class-selective histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Induction of differential apoptotic pathways in multiple myeloma cells by class-selective histone deacetylase inhibitors
Lattice computations of small-x parton distributions in a model of parton densities in very large nuclei.

Using weak coupling methods McLerran and Venugopalan [1] expressed the parton distributions in large nuclei as correlation functions of a two dimensional Euclidean field theory. The theory has the dimensionful coupling g 2 � , where � 2 ∼ A 1/3 is the valence quark color charge squared per unit area. We use a lattice regularization to investigate these correlation functions both analytically and numerically for the simplified case of SU(2) gauge theory. In weak coupling (g 2 �L > 5, no solutions exist at O(a 4 ) where a is the lattice spacing. This suggests an ill-defined infrared behavior for the two dimensional theory. A recent proposal of McLerran et al. [16] for an analytic solution of the
Foreign Systems, Familiar Refrains: Civil Service Reform in Comparative Perspective

The civil service reforms of the 1970's in the United States were closely paralleled by similar reforms in other Western nations. This article identifies five themes in civil service reform — non- discrimination, public sector labor relations, decentralization, political responsiveness, and private sector influences — and discusses how they have shaped changes in personnel systems at home and abroad. Although civil service systems still vary significantly from one country to another, common social, political, and economic pressures are forcing a marked convergence in personnel practices and institutions.
Friendship, politics, and literature in Catullus: poems 1, 65 and 66, 116

To the extent that one subscribes to the proposition, by now a virtual principle of criticism (at least in some circles), that literary texts constitute sites for the negotiation, often vigorous, of power relations within a society, the reader of Catullus can hardly avoid some consideration of the poet's attitude toward contemporary political matters. It is a subject on which two principal lines of thought can be traced. Mommsen argued that Catullus responded to the enormities that followed the reinvigoration of the First Triumvirate at the conference of Luca in 56 by occupying a thoroughly optimate position. Wilamowitz, on the other hand, insisted that Catullus' lyrics reflect only moments of the author's individual experience, amongst which expressions of personal distaste for certain public figures naturally appear but nothing which can appropriately be taken as indications of a political stance. The approach of Wilamowitz has proved more influential, followed in spirit if not in specifics by numerous commentators. To the degree that Catullus has been assimilated to the Augustan elegists, whose poems have been deemed by a scholar of the stature of Veyne to be anti-political in nature, it has been all the easier to reject the idea that Catullus adopts a political position, an assessment strongly maintained in a recent study by Paul Allen Miller, for whom the rejection of all political engagement is the sine qua non of true lyric poetry. Mommsen's optimate Catullus has lately found his champion, however, in a careful article by H. P. Syndikus. Although Miller and Syndikus, like Wilamowitz and Mommsen, draw diametrically opposed conclusions concerning politics in Catullus' poetry, they are agreed nevertheless that politics can be regarded as a relatively straightforward term: it refers to statecraft, matters of government, and party strife. Other readers, however, have been more self-conscious in their theoretical concerns, a salutary consequence of which has been a shift by some to a less narrow conception of the field of reference appropriate to discussions of ‘the political’ in Latin literature.
The Rise and Fall of Sexual Inequality

One of the distinguishing features of Tikal is the lack of female representation in both the monumental art and hieroglyphic inscriptions known from the archaeological site. This paper presents the results of a study of 208 burials from Tikal conducted to investigate this apparent androcentric focus. Burials were studied in terms of tomb location and construction, the nature of accompanying grave goods, body alteration, and cause of death. Marked differences were noted between male and female interments, with males receiving preferential treatment, particularly in terms of tomb location and construction as well as the quantity and quality of associated mortuary objects found with the burials. The level of inequality between the sexes varied through time and across social class, but was manifested most strongly among the elite. Beginning shortly after the rise in dynastic authority at Tikal, this androcentrism appears to relate closely to the development of the centralized state. Sexual inequality may have been less pronounced at smaller, less politically centralized Maya centers. Comparative studies using mortuary data from these smaller sites are required to expand our knowledge of gender relations among the Classic-period Maya.
Tectonic wedging in the forearc basin - Accretionary prism transition, Lesser Antilles forearc

This paper describes regional structure of the inner forearc of the southern Lesser Antilles, which contains an extensive 50-70 km wide inner forearc deformation belt (IFDB) developed above crystalline basement of the undeformed forearc basin (FAB), close to and perhaps above its probable subduction trace with Atlantic lithosphere. The IFDB is analyzed, with emphasis placed on five transects across the belt, using mainly migrated seismic sections and balanced model cross sections. The IFDB features and its evolution are discussed, with special attention given to the major structures divided by early and late stages of development, paleobathymetric history, event timing, displacement and strain, and alternative tectonic explanations.
Quantitative analysis of phospholipids containing arachidonate and docosahexaenoate chains in microdissected regions of mouse brain

Phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains are prevalent among brain lipids, and regional differences in acyl chain distribution appear to have both functional and pathological significance. A method is described in which the combined application of GC and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) MS yielded precise relative quantitation and approximate absolute quantitation of lipid species containing a particular fatty acyl chain in milligram-sized tissue samples. The method uses targeted MRM to identify specific molecular species of glycerophosphocholine lipids, glycerophospho-ethanolamine lipids, glycerophosphoinositol lipids, glycerophosphoserine lipids, glycero-phosphoglycerol lipids, and phosphatidic acids that contain esterified arachidonate (AA) and docosahexaenoate (DHA) separated during normal phase LC/MS/MS analysis. Quantitative analysis of the AA and DHA in the LC fractions is carried out using negative ion chemical ionization GC/MS and stable isotope dilution strategies. The method has been applied to assess the glycerophospholipid molecular species containing AA and DHA in microdissected samples of murine cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Results demonstrate the potential of this approach to identify regional differences in phospholipid concentration and reveal differences in specific phospholipid species between cortex and hippocampus. These differences may be related to the differential susceptibility of different brain regions to neurodegenerative disorders.
Interactions of Viruses with Dendritic Cells: A Double-edged Sword

Diverse mechanisms are used by viruses to inhibit, block, or evade the immune response (see review in reference ([1][1])). These include reduced expression of critical antigenic epitopes (e.g., EBV in latency), genetic variation of class I–restricted CTL epitopes (HIV-1), clonal exhaustion of CTLs
Multiple primary lung carcinomas: prognosis and treatment.

Abstract From 1955 to 1990, 111 patients have been treated for multiple primary lung carcinomas. Criteria for diagnosis were: (1) different histology (n = 44); or (2) same histology, but disease-free interval at least 2 years (n = 39), origin from carcinoma in situ (n = 19), or metachronous disease in different lobe (n = 9) with no cancer in common lymphatics or extrapulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis. The second cancer was synchronous in 33 patients (30%) and metachronous in 78 (70%). Metachronous disease developed at a median interval of 48 months. Five-year survival for patients with metachronous and synchronous disease from the time of initial diagnosis of cancer was 70% and 44%, and 10-year survival was 42% and 23%, respectively. Survival after the development of a metachronous lesion was 23% at 5 years. Survival from the time of initial diagnosis was significantly better for metachronous versus synchronous, late (24 month disease-free interval) versus early metachronous disease, and adenocarcinema versus epidermoid carcinoma. The first cancer was completely resected in 103 patients (93%), but complete resection of a metachronous tumor was possible in only 54 patients (69%). Complete resection of second primary cancers resulted in significantly ( p
Making a Delay-Based Protocol Adaptive to Heterogeneous Environments

This paper investigates the issues in making a delay-based protocol adaptive to heterogeneous environments. We address how a delay-based protocol can compete with a loss- based protocol such as TCP. We investigate if potential noise and variability in delay measurements in environments such as cable and ADSL access networks impact the protocol behavior significantly. We investigate these issues in the context of incremental deployment of a new delay-based protocol, PERT. We propose design modifications to PERT to compete with SACK. We show that PERT experiences lower drop rates than SACK and leads to lower overall drop rates with different mixes of PERT and SACK protocols. Second, we show that a single PERT flow can fully utilize a high-speed, high-delay link. The results from ns-2 simulations indicate that PERT can adapt to heterogeneous networks and can operate well in an environment of heterogeneous protocols. We also show that proposed changes retain the desirable properties of PERT such as low loss rates and fairness, when operating alone. The protocol has also been implemented in the Linux kernel and tested through experiments on live networks, by measuring the throughput and losses between nodes in our lab at TAMU and different machines on the planet-lab.
Unrecognized hepatitis B in pre-screened children with hematologic and oncologic conditions.

Background This study evaluates the effectiveness and interpretation of hepatitis B (HBV) screening in an at-risk cohort of children with cancer or blood disorders. Procedure We conducted a retrospective epidemiologic analysis of children who screened positive for HBV (HBsAg, HbcAb) from 1999 to 2009 at a quaternary children's hospital, focusing on patients with hematologic and oncologic conditions. Descriptive statistics were generated for demographics and serologies. Follow-up of positive serologies and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results A total of 12,754 children were screened for HBV. Of 391 that screened positive, 118 had a hematologic or oncologic diagnosis. Leukemia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia comprised 84% of diagnoses. The majority (98%) tested HBcAb positive but only 20% received confirmatory HBV DNA testing. Three patients (13% of those HBV DNA tested) were identified to have chronic disease. HBV was not a known pre-existing condition, and chemotherapy preceded HBV diagnosis in all cases. Conclusions The majority of children with cancer or blood disorders who screened HBV positive did not receive follow-up DNA testing, exposing them to reactivation risk and delaying definitive therapy. HBcAb may be the only indicator of chronic HBV infection and DNA confirmation should be routine. Our findings suggest a significant number of additional patients eligible for HBV treatment may have been identified with reflexive DNA testing. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:865–868. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What Are the New Guidelines for Auditor Independence

Can you trust your auditor? Can the public trust your auditor? The SEC was worried enough to issue new guidelines recently. What prompted SEC action? What do the new guidelines say? And what will be their impact? © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Propagation of a Gaussian beam in a bacteriorhodopsin film

Gaussian-beam propagation in the bio-optical material bacteriorhodopsin is studied with the consideration of the material’s intensity-dependent absorption and refractive-index modulation. The beam-focusing size, focusing position, intensity change in the material, and the dependence of these factors on the incident-beam parameters are simulated.
Wolbachia Infection and Lepidoptera of Conservation Concern

Conservation of at-risk species requires multi-faceted and carefully-considered management approaches to be successful. For arthropods, the presence of endosymbiotic bacteria, such as Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae), may complicate management plans and exacerbate the challenges faced by conservation managers. Wolbachia poses a substantial and underappreciated threat to the conservation of arthropods because infection may induce a number of phenotypic effects, most of which are considered deleterious to the host population. In this study, the prevalence of Wolbachia infection in lepidopteran species of conservation concern was examined. Using standard molecular techniques, 22 species of Lepidoptera were screened, of which 19 were infected with Wolbachia. This rate is comparable to that observed in insects as a whole. However, this is likely an underestimate because geographic sampling was not extensive and may not have included infected segments of the species' ranges. Wolbachia infections may be particularly problematic for conservation management plans that incorporate captive propagation or translocation. Inadvertent introduction of Wolbachia into uninfected populations or introduction of a new strain may put these populations at greater risk for extinction. Further sampling to investigate the geographic extent of Wolbachia infections within species of conservation concern and experiments designed to determine the nature of the infection phenotype(s) are necessary to manage the potential threat of infection.
A method to efficiently apply a biogeochemical model to a landscape.

Biogeochemical models offer an important means of understanding carbon dynamics, but the computational complexity of many models means that modeling all grid cells on a large landscape is computationally burdensome. Because most biogeochemical models ignore adjacency effects between cells, however, a more efficient approach is possible. Recognizing that spatial variation in model outputs is solely a function of spatial variation in input driver variables such as climate, we developed a method to sample the model outputs in input variable space rather than geographic space, and to then use simple interpolation in input variable space to estimate values for the remainder of the landscape. We tested the method in a 100 km · 260 km area of western Oregon, U.S.A. , comparing interpolated maps of net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) with maps from an exhaustive, wall-to-wall run of the model. The interpolation method can match spatial patterns of model behavior well (correlations > 0.8) using samples of only 5 t o 15% of the landscape. Compression of temporal variation in input drivers is a key step in the process, with choice of input variables for compression largely determining the upper bounds on the degree of match between interpolated and original maps. The method is applicable to any model that does not consider adjacency effects, and could free up computational expense for a variety of other computational burdens, including spatial sensitivity analyses, alternative scenario testing, or finer grain-size mapping.
Fibre channel fabrics: evaluation and design

We consider how fibre channel switches can be cascaded to form a fibre channel fabric. We begin with an analytical model of topology performance that provides a theoretical upper bound on fabric performance and a method for the practical evaluation of fabric topologies. We then consider the prevention of buffer-cycle deadlock in fibre channel networks. We show that though some topologies implicitly do not deadlock, these topologies have inferior throughput, and we present a technique for optimizing performance that takes into account both deadlock and traffic balancing.
GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus Infection Is Frequent in American Children and Young Adults

The novel flavivirus GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) has been detected in approximately 2% of blood donors in the United States, and neutralizing antibody to the envelope protein (E2), a marker of previous infection with GBV-C/HGV, is present in approximately 9% of donors. The rate of GBV-C/HGV infection among American children is unknown. To determine whether viral infection might occur during childhood, 160 serum specimens (obtained from blood bank samples) from children and young adults with no history of transfusion were tested. Viral RNA and antibody to E2 were detected in 6.3% and 9.4% of subjects, respectively. Evidence of previous or current infection (viremia and/or antibody to E2) was detected in 13.8% of subjects, indicating that GBV-C/HGV infection appears to be common among American children and young adults, even in the absence of blood transfusion.
Absolute ranging using frequency combs

We present a technique for measuring absolute range that uses two mismatched frequency combs to measure distance over 1.5 m range with 10 nm level statistical uncertainty.
Editorial: A brief welcome to this new electronic journal on microfluidic applications to biology and medicine.

Spurred by breakthroughs in molecular characterization and microcircuit fabrication techniques, the last decade has seen significant growth in the fields of biophysics and biomedical engineering. Quantum dots, PCR amplification, optical tweezers, AFM, nanocolloids, electrosprays, etc., have catalyzed a myriad of new ways to detect antigens, assay proteins, diagnose diseases, and decipher the genome. Nanomedicine based on immunocolloids is no longer a dream. The time is ripe to bring these diagnostic and drug delivery techniques out of the laboratory and into miniature chips that can be used in the field. Glucose detection kits, DNA hybridization microarrays for genetic identification, insulin inhalers, etc., are just the first of such products that can drive a major biotechnology industry in the near future. This extension from the lab to field requires, however, a robust microfluidic platform that is the focus of our new journal, Biomicrofluidics. These microfluidic techniques allow us to transport fluids and manipulate colloid∕cells∕molecules in small devices. Cellular and molecular level operations, like electroporation and chip-scale optical spectroscopy of molecules, all require specific microfluidic designs that are not yet available. Indeed, the same microfluidic know-how can be used to assemble biological materials (membranes and bones) via directed assembly. The large Editorial Board of Biomicrofluidics is interdisciplinary and multinational, which reflects the composition of this new community. With rapid turnaround and wide circulation, we hope to promote interaction among the large but scattered research communities over the globe. The open-access format and full-media capability are designed to allow rapid dissemination of new techniques and information to the biotechnology industry. The Blog page on the journal website is intended to be a bulletin and sounding board for the community to announce conferences and to solicit responses to new ideas∕technological challenges. We anticipate a major growth in the biotechnology industry and a corresponding increase in microfluidic research. It is our hope that Biomicrofluidics will serve this growing community by offering a common link and a communication conduit among the various scientific and engineering disciplines that participate in this exciting new field. We welcome your submissions; visit the journal’s submission and peer review website at http://bmf.peerx-press.org.
Redescription of Mesokalliapseudes crassus (Menzies, 1953) (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Kalliapseudidae): the first record of a hermaphroditic kalliapseudid

ABSTRACT The type species of the genus Mesokalliapseudes Lang 1956, M. crassus (Menzies 1953), which was originally incompletely described and illustrated, is redescribed and a key to the species of the genus is provided. A study of type and non-type material indicates that M. crassus is a protandric hermaphrodite. All of the adult specimens of M. crassus examined, including presumptive males and preincubatory and incubatory females, had a male genital cone. In all other aspects, except for the development of oostegites in the female phase, this species expresses no marked sexual dimorphism.