cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scalable prediction of energy consumption using incremental time series clustering

Time series datasets are a canonical form of high velocity Big Data, and often generated by pervasive sensors, such as found in smart infrastructure. Performing predictive analytics on time series data can be computationally complex, and requires approximation techniques. In this paper, we motivate this problem using a real application from the smart grid domain. We propose an incremental clustering technique, along with a novel affinity score for determining cluster similarity, which help reduce the prediction error for cumulative time series within a cluster. We evaluate this technique, along with optimizations, using real datasets from smart meters, totaling ~700,000 data points, and show the efficacy of our techniques in improving the prediction error of time series data within polynomial time.
GaN/InGaN heterojunction bipolar transistors with ultra‐high d.c. power density (>3 MW/cm2)

We report ultra-high-power performance on npn GaN/InGaN double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) that is directly grown on a free-standing (FS) GaN substrate. Measured common-emitter current gain (hfe) reaches 80. A quasi-static I–V measurement shows that JC > 141 kA/cm2 and a power density of 3.05 MW/cm2 can be achieved for DHBTs grown on an FS-GaN substrate. When the temperature is increased to 250 °C, a GaN/InGaN DHBT shows hfe = 43 and the offset voltage is reduced from 0.8 V at the room temperature to 0.3 V. Similarly, the knee voltage is reduced from 5.2 V at room temperature to 2.75 V at 250 °C. In this particular device, breakdown voltage (BVCEO) increases from 90 V at room temperature to 157 V at 250 °C.
First suckling response of the newborn albino rat: the roles of olfaction and amniotic fluid

Washing the nipples of anesthetized parturient rats virtually eliminated nipple attachment by their young. Normal attachment was induced only by painting the washed nipples with a distillate of the nipple wash, parturient-mother saliva, or her amniotic fluids. Reinstatement was not achieved by coating the washed nipples with the saliva of virgin females eating the same diet, the parturient mother's urine, isotonic saline, amyl acetate, or vanilla extract. These experiments also provide behavioral evidence for olfactory function in the newborn albino rat.
Theoretical basis for separation of multiple linked gene effects in mapping quantitative trait loci

It is now possible to use complete genetic linkage maps to locate major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome regions. The current methods of QTL mapping (e.g., interval mapping, which uses a pair or two pairs of flanking markers at a time for mapping) can be subject to the effects of other linked QTLs on a chromosome because the genetic background is not controlled. As a result, mapping of QTLs can be biased, and the resolution of mapping is not very high. Ideally when we test a marker interval for a QTL, we would like our test statistic to be independent of the effects of possible QTLs at other regions of the chromosome so that the effects of QTLs can be separated. This test statistic can be constructed by using a pair of markers to locate the testing position and at the same time using other markers to control the genetic background through a multiple regression analysis. Theory is developed in this paper to explore the idea of a conditional test via multiple regression analysis. Various properties of multiple regression analysis in relation to QTL mapping are examined. Theoretical analysis indicates that it is advantageous to construct such a testing procedure for mapping QTLs and that such a test can potentially increase the precision of QTL mapping substantially.
The effect of the endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum) and associated toxin(s) of tall fescue on serum titer response to immunization and spleen cell flow cytometry analysis and response to mitogens.

Abstract Experiments were conducted with rats and mice to evaluate the effect of the consumption of endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum) and associated toxin (s) infected tall fescue on humoral and cellular aspects of immune function. Treatment diets were: (1) rodent chow (RC) or (2) rodent chow mixed 1 : 1 (w/w) with endophyte infected (E+) or (3) non-infected (E−) tall fescue seed. Rats fed the E+ diet in experiment 1 (43 days) exhibited a lower (P
Ex Ante and Ex Post Labor Supply Responses to Risk in a Low Income Area

This paper tests for ex ante and ex post labor supply responses to weather risk for rural Indian farm households. The analysis uses panel data on 2115 households spanning 13 states in rural India, merged with a 22-year series of district-level rainfall data. Ex ante, households facing riskier distributions of rainfall are more likely to participate in the labor labor market Ex post, unexpectedly bad weather and low rainfall increase labor force participation.
Electronically scanned multichannel pressure transducer system for cryogenic environments

Research into the application of custom doped piezoresistive silicon pressure sensors has led to a multichannel pressure sensor design that will operate accurately and reliably at cryogenic temperatures. The thermal effects upon multichannel pressure sensors are mapped by thermal calibrations and are represented by sets of nth order coefficients specific to each sensor. The thermal offset and sensitivity variations are corrected by computer algorithms which scan the sensors, recall correction coefficients from thermally induced sensor variations, and apply these to correct the sensor's output measurement uncertainty to within 0.5 percent of full scale output for combined offset and sensitivity. A prototype sensor system has been fabricated, and performance test data are presented.
DNA damage in deoxynucleosides and oligonucleotides treated with peroxynitrite.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is a powerful oxidizing agent that forms in a reaction of nitric oxide (NO•) and superoxide (O2-•). We have investigated ONOO--induced DNA damage using deoxynucleosides and oligonucleotides as model substrates, with particular attention paid to the oxidation of 8-oxodG by ONOO-. With regard to deoxynucleosides, ONOO- was found to have significant reactivity only with dG; dA, dC, and dT showed minimal reactivity. However, two of the major products of ONOO--induced oxidation of dG (8-oxodG and 8-nitroG) were both found to be significantly more reactive with ONOO- than with dG. In the context of an oligonucleotide, we observed a concentration-dependent oxidation of 8-oxodG to at least two types of products, one appearing at ONOO- concentrations of ≤100 μM and the other at concentrations of ≥500 μM. We also examined the susceptibility of these oxidation products to repair by FaPy glycosylase, endonuclease III, uracil glycosylase, and MutY. FaPy glycosylase, which recognizes 8-oxoG as its...
Simulation of solids processes accounting for particle‐size distribution

A prototype computer program SOLIDS has been developed for the simulation of processes with solids processing steps. In addition to heat and mass balances, the equipment units are modeled with discretized population balance equations. Any transformation mechanisms for the particle-size distribution (PSD)—nucleation, growth, dissolution, agglomeration, and breakage—can be represented. With the sequential modular code, the PSD can be tracked from unit to unit in a complete plant. To provide maximum flexibility for further development, new or improved equipment models and discretization techniques can be included as additional subroutines. Case studies show that accounting for the PSD can lead to improved equipment design and a more complete description of the interactions among the units in the plant.
Measurement of the Melting Point Temperature of Several Lithium-Sodium-Beryllium Fluoride Salt (Flinabe) Mixtures

The molten salt Flibe, a combination of lithium and beryllium fluorides studied for molten salt fission reactors, has been proposed as a breeder and coolant for fusion applications. The melting poi...
Role of adjunct pharmacologic therapy in the era of drug-eluting stents

The success of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has historically been limited by a relatively high rate of restenosis, a response of the coronary artery to trauma induced during PCI. Bare-metal stents, by providing a supportive intravascular scaffolding, have significantly reduced the incidence of restenosis compared with traditional balloon PCI. However, significant loss of lumen within the bare-metal device (in-stent restenosis) occurs in 10-30% of patients within 6 months of the procedure. The recent introduction of drug-eluting stents, permitting local delivery of high concentrations of immunosuppressive or anti-proliferative agents, promises to prevent the processes underlying restenosis. Although these devices have been successful in providing an incremental reduction in rates of restenosis, they are expensive. To date, clinical trials of pharmacologic treatment have failed to demonstrate a clinically significant impact on restenosis. Recently, results of the Cilostazol for Restenosis (CREST) trial, a randomized, double-blind study, show that cilostazol reduces the risk of restenosis in patients who receive bare-metal stents, including high-risk patients. Effective adjunct pharmacologic therapy to prevent in-stent restenosis, therefore, remains desirable, particularly in patients receiving bare-metal stents, and potentially in patients receiving drug-eluting stents who are at high risk for restenosis (i.e., those with diabetes, long lesions, and small vessels).
Understanding the attitudes and intentions of future professionals toward self-help

Examined the attitudes, beliefs, and intentions toward self-help groups of 168 graduate students in clinical psychology and social work from five universities using the theory of reasoned action as a model (Fishbein, 1979). Participants held positive attitudes and beliefs regarding self-help and intended to collaborate. Participants who were members of self-help groups had significantly greater intentions to collaborate and had more positive beliefs vs. nonmembers. There were no differences between social work and psychology students. Path analysis showed that students who held positive attitudes and beliefs and perceived that their faculty were positive regarding self-help had intentions to collaborate with self-help groups. Involving self-help groups as partners in professional training was considered empowering and a wise use of the expert resources that groups can provide.
Nursing burn injuries.

Explore a cross-section of current burn injury practices and nurses' roles in these practices.
Steps toward the hydrogen economy

The hydrogen economy is defined as the industrial system in which one of the universal energy carriers is hydrogen (the other is electricity) and hydrogen is oxidized to water that may be reused by applying an external energy source for dissociation of water into its component elements hydrogen and oxygen. There are three different primary energy-supply system classes which may be used to implement the hydrogen economy, namely, fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas, and as yet largely unused supplies such as shale oil, oil from tar sands, natural gas from geo-pressured locations, etc.), nuclear reactors including fission reactors and breeders or fusion nuclear reactors over the very long term, and renewable energy sources (including hydroelectric power systems, wind-energy systems, ocean thermal energy conversion systems, geothermal resources, and a host of direct solar energy-conversion systems including biomass production, photovoltaic energy conversion, solar thermal systems, etc.). Examination of present costs of hydrogen production by any of these means shows that the hydrogen economy favored by people searching for a non-polluting gaseous or liquid energy carrier will not be developed without new discoveries or innovations. Hydrogen may become an important market entry in a world with most of the electricity generated in nuclear fission or breeder reactors when high-temperature waste heat is used to dissociate water in chemical cycles or new inventions and innovations lead to low-cost hydrogen production by applying as yet uneconomical renewable solar techniques that are suitable for large-scale production such as direct water photolysis with suitably tailored band gaps on semiconductors or low-cost electricity supplies generated on ocean-based platforms using temperature differences in the tropical seas.
Synthesis and solution properties of new linear-dendritic diblock copolymers

The design and synthesis of new linear-dendritic diblock copolymers with a linear PEO block and a dendrimeric PAMAM block are described. Two series with PEO molecular weights of 2000 and 5000 were synthesized. DSC results on the effect of diblock composition on the microphase segregation behavior of the diblocks are reported. Glass transition temperatures of the diblocks depend on the end group functionality of the dendrimer. The aqueous solution behavior of the hybrid copolymers at 30 °C studied using intrinsic viscosity and GPC techniques is influenced by the length of the PEO block and the end group functionality of the dendrimer. The intrinsic viscosity trends exhibited by the diblocks with the shorter PEO chain length did not deviate greatly from that of linear polymers, and those exhibited by the diblocks with the longer PEO chain length indicate the formation of unimolecular micelles.
Numerical Experiments on the Influence of the Mesoscale Circulation on the Cumulus Scale.

Abstract The EML mesoscale model developed by Pielke (1974) was used to simulate the sea breeze circulation over South Florida with its modification of the thermal and moisture structure of the synoptic air mass over South Florida. The numerical experiment was performed for a case study day (16 May 1968) during which extensive cloud observations were performed. To examine the response of the cumulus scale, the one-dimensional time-dependent cumulus model developed by Cotton (1975) was initiated with the theoretical soundings predicted by the mesoscale model, along with cloud scales and cloud areal coverage observed on the case study day. The mesoscale model results demonstrated that the sea breeze over South Florida alters the synoptic environment by 1) substantially perturbing the vertical thermodynamic profile, 2) increasing the depth of the planetary boundary layer, 3) inducing larger surface fluxes of momentum, heat, and moisture, 4) changing the vertical shear of the horizontal wind in lower levels o...
UROPSYCHIATRY: The Relationship Between Overactive Bladder and Psychiatric Disorders

It has been informally observed that patients attending urology clinics specializing in overactive bladder and incontinence have high rates of psychiatric conditions. Hence, the evolution of the term “uropsychiatry” that describes the association between overactive bladder and incontinence with common psychiatric conditions including depression, anxiety, and sexual abuse. Epidemiologic and case-control studies have established links between these conditions. In addition, basic science and clinical pharmacologic studies of antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics provide evidence that dysregulation of neurotransmitters including norepinephrine, serotonin, and corticotropin releasing factor may be important in the pathophysiology underlying uropsychiatric disorders. Improved understanding of these complex interactions may help in the identification of novel targets that lead to improved treatments for patients with both urologic and psychiatric conditions.
Monument Wars: Washington, DC, the National Mall, and the Transformation of the Memorial Landscape

Kirk Savage, Monument Wars: Washington, DC, the National Mall, and the Transformation of the Memorial Landscape (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009), ix+313 pp. $34.95 (cloth), $24.95 (...
Regulation of Antigen Presentation in Human Lymphocytes by Invariant Chain CLIP and Its Adjacent N-terminal Peptides 36

We used five overlapping peptides comprising the N-terminal sequence 76-103 of the invariant chain (Ii) in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and antigen presentation system specific for tetanus toxoid (TT) to study their effects on human T cell proliferation. Invariant chain plays important role in the transport of major histocompatibility class II (MHC class II), and along with HLA-DM, the editing and charging of antigenic peptide onto the antigen binding groove of MHC class II.
Microwave processing of cleft palate orthopedic expansion devices

This article describes a method for making a palatal expansion device for use in conjunction with orthopedic repositioning of the premaxilla in patients with bilateral cleft palate. The technique of constructing the devices involves the microwave processing of a permanent soft liner and a heat-cured acrylic resin in a single-stage curing cycle. The resultant expansion device has the advantages of a soft liner for retention in the nasal cavity and an oral cavity surface that is smooth and closely adapted to the tissues. A paper cover is used during the flasking process, which allows packing of materials without displacement into undesirable locations.
Longitudinal follow-up of adductor spasmodic dysphonia patients after botulinum toxin injection: quality of life results.

Objective: Botulinum toxin injections are used routinely to treat patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia. After an initial “breathy phase,” most patients experience improvement for a few weeks to months and then a gradual decline until their next injection. In this study, voice-related quality of life (VRQOL) data were collected at 4 week intervals through one to three injection cycles in an attempt to quantify the proportion of each cycle during which patients experience meaningful benefit. Study Design: Prospective, nonrandomized case series. Methods: Patients receiving stable-dose botulinum injections for adductor spasmodic dysphonia were invited to participate. Voice recordings and clinical outcomes data were collected by telephone every 4 weeks throughout each injection cycle. Quality of life data were normalized for cycle length and interpolated to generate composite curves. Results: Twenty-two patients completed data collection for at least one full injection cycle. The average cycle was 25.9 weeks; the mean age was 59.8 years. On a 100-point scale, the total VRQOL scores peaked at 77.4, at 30% of the cycle, then gradually declined. The social-emotional (SE) subscale scores were significantly better than the physical subscale scores (P < .05). The total VRQOL score exceeded 75 during only 14% of the cycle (52.6% for SE subscores, 0% for physical subscores). If the threshold is lowered to 70, the total VRQOL exceeded this level during 54.6% of the cycle (69.6% for SE subscores, 44.1% for physical subscores). For the 11 patients completing three full injection cycles, there were no significant differences between the three cycles, and the mean VRQOL scores were similar to the values given above. At the beginning and end of each cycle, the total VRQOL scores averaged 52.8 (56.0 for SE subscale, 50.7 for physical subscale). Conclusion: Although botulinum toxin injections provide significant improvement for these patients, the initial breathy phase and the late declining phase add up to a significant proportion of each cycle spent with a reduced quality of life. At best, the total VRQOL averaged below 80%. This longitudinal study provides a unique look at the effect of this condition and its treatment on these patients' lives. A suitable long-term treatment for this condition is needed to eliminate the cyclical voice results experienced with the botulinum toxin injection approach.
New approximability and inapproximability results for 2-dimensional Bin Packing

We study the 2-dimensional generalization of the classical Bin Packing problem: Given a collection of rectangles of specified size (width, height), the goal is to pack these into minimum number of square bins of unit size. A long history of results exists for this problem and its special cases [3, 14, 10, 18, 9, 1, 15]. Currently, the best known approximation algorithm achieves a guarantee of 1.69 in the asymptotic case (i.e. when the optimum uses a large number of bins) [1]. However, an important open question has been whether 2-dimensional bin packing is essentially similar to the 1-dimensional case in that it admits an asymptotic polynomial time approximation scheme (APTAS) [8, 13] or not? We answer the question in the negative and show that the problem is APX hard in the asymptotic case. On the other hand, we give an asymptotic PTAS for the special case when all the rectangles to be packed are squares (or more generally hypercubes). This improves upon the previous best known guarantee of 1.454 for d = 2 [9] and 2 - (2/3)d for d > 2 [15], and settles the approximability for this special case.
Rhythm and intonational phrase structure influences on the placement of pitch accents within words in American English utterances

Many cases of apparent ‘stress shift’ in American English, e.g., ‘‘MAssachusetts MIRacle,’’ show early pitch accent within the word, influenced both by pitch accent clash with the following word, and by prosodic constituent structure: The first pitch accent in a new intermediate intonational phrase occurs as early in the word as possible (Beckman and Edwards, 1994; Shattuck‐Hufnagel etal ., 1994). The lexical stress pattern of the word also plays a role: Words with alternating stress (e.g., Massachusetts, absolutely) behave quite regularly, but words with adjacent full‐vowel syllables (e.g., maintain, unlikely) are more variable (Shattuck‐Hufnagel, 1995). One possible account of this irregularity is that adjacent‐stress words challenge the prevalent patterns of rhythmic alternation in American English. In this study, the effects of both word‐level and phrase‐level rhythmic context on the pitch accent behavior of words with these two stress patterns are explored, in a large corpus of FM radio news speech [...
Liver disease in alcohol and hepatitis C.

The prevalence of hepatitis C is 7-10-fold higher in alcoholics than it is in the general population. Among alcoholics, the prevalence of hepatitis C is higher in alcoholics with advanced liver disease. Serum ALT and hepatitis C viral load may improve if alcoholic patients with hepatitis C stop drinking for more than 4 months.Up to 60% of patients with hepatitis C have a past history of alcohol use. In patients with hepatitis C, chronic alcohol consumption of more than 5 drinks per day increases the rate of liver fibrosis. Hepatitis C patients who ingest more than 5 alcoholic drinks per day are at increased risk for cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and, possibly, death from liver disease. Recent alcohol use decreases the response rate to interferon treatment. The detrimental effects of small amounts (3 or fewer drinks per day) of alcohol consumption in patients with hepatitis C are not known.
The Magnetic Scattering of Slow Neutrons

To determine whether the large cross sections for the scattering of slow neutrons by iron and nickel arise in part from the ferromagnetic nature of these materials, a comparison of the scattering at room temperature and above the Curie point was made. As no significant change in scattering was found, the conclusion is drawn that the largeness of these cross sections is not of magnetic origin. It is pointed out, however, that this result does not preclude the neutron possessing a magnetic moment of the order of magnitude of a nuclear magneton.
Are bigger acquisitions always better

Making an acquisition is a lot like getting married. About half the time, it doesn't work out. And the only people who “live happily ever after” are the lawyers. Nevertheless, the urge to merge seems to be on the rise again. More mega-deals may be on the horizon. But is bigger always better? To answer this question, the authors analyzed four large acquisitions. They also examined what really enhances value, why some deals fail to add value, and some important accounting issues. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An experimental investigation of pass bands and stop bands in two periodic particulate composites

Abstract An important property of the periodic composites is that the dispersion curve is characterized by pass bands and stop bands. In the past these have been demonstrated, analytically and experimentally, for layered and fibrous composites. The purpose of the present experimental investigation is to show that the same phenomena exist in periodic particulate composites.
Getting Past the Past: Korea's Transcendence of the Anti–Japan Policy Frontier

Abstract Why are some nations able to move beyond historical hatreds to have productive relationships with former enemies while others seem bound by the past, unable to make policy choices that are in their “objective” interest? This article explores Korea's decision to normalize diplomatic relations with Japan in 1965 and finds, inter alia, that US pressure for normalization was not the key causal variable that it has been described as elsewhere. I propose that the concept of policy frontiers – that is, socially constructed constraints on realistic policy choices – reveals that a fuller explanation of Korea's decision to normalize relations with Japan resulted from a process in which policy entrepreneurs interact with their political systems to exploit opportunities created by critical junctures.
The pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics knowledge base: accentuating the knowledge

PharmGKB is a knowledge base that captures the relationships between drugs, diseases/phenotypes and genes involved in pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). This information includes literature annotations, primary data sets, PK and PD pathways, and expert-generated summaries of PK/PD relationships between drugs, diseases/phenotypes and genes. PharmGKB's website is designed to effectively disseminate knowledge to meet the needs of our users. PharmGKB currently has literature annotations documenting the relationship of over 500 drugs, 450 diseases and 600 variant genes. In order to meet the needs of whole genome studies, PharmGKB has added new functionalities, including browsing the variant display by chromosome and cytogenetic locations, allowing the user to view variants not located within a gene. We have developed new infrastructure for handling whole genome data, including increased methods for quality control and tools for comparison across other data sources, such as dbSNP, JSNP and HapMap data. PharmGKB has also added functionality to accept, store, display and query high throughput SNP array data. These changes allow us to capture more structured information on phenotypes for better cataloging and comparison of data. PharmGKB is available at www.pharmgkb.org
Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced rapid acquisition spin-echo MR imaging of the liver.

Rapid acquisition spin-echo (RASE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allows for coverage of the entire liver with highly T1-weighted SE images during a single 23-second breath-holding period. The RASE sequence was implemented in conjunction with rapid intravenous injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine to enable performance of dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR imaging of the liver. Prospective evaluation of 24 patients with 62 liver lesions 1 cm or greater in diameter was performed. Images obtained with RASE were devoid of respiratory-related ghost artifacts or edge blurring. The dynamic contrast-enhanced RASE technique resulted in contrast-to-noise and contrast-to-artifact values and time efficiency measures significantly greater (P less than .05) than those obtained with use of conventional T1- and T2-weighted pulse sequences, indicating a higher likelihood for lesion detectability. Lesion conspicuity was maximal during or immediately following bolus administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine, with le...
Triggers and techniques in termination of partial seizures.

Abstract Objective Growing interest in seizure prediction exists as a means to deliver newer antiepileptic therapies, though patient self-termination of seizures has received little attention. Methods Two hundred twenty-three patients able to recognize seizure onset were surveyed in an outpatient epilepsy clinic. A seven-question survey administered prospectively assessed self-reported seizure prediction and clinical techniques used for self-termination. Survey responses targeted percentage predictability of seizures, timing of clinical prediction, likelihood/timing of termination, frequency and effectiveness of methods used, and perspectives of patient and physician belief in self-termination. Results Two hundred twenty-three patients (89 males) with a mean age of 42.7 years, average duration of epilepsy of 20.8 years and monthly mean seizure frequency of 4.1 comprised the study group. Thirty-eight percent completed >75% of the survey. Prior treatment included a mean of 6.0 AEDs (40/192 had surgery); 65% had ongoing seizures. Sixty percent of 223 patients reported a history of an aura, and 39% consistently noted auras for >75% of their current seizures. Of the patients with auras, seizure triggers were reported in 74%, with worry and stress (N = 69), sleep deprivation (N = 60), and missed medication (N = 56) most frequently cited. Seventeen percent were positive/somewhat sure they could predict onset, with approximately 20% noting rapid onset in 75% certainty) in 35% (26/75). The primary methods were lying down/resting and taking extra medication. Conclusion The majority of patients with partial seizures recognize triggers of seizure onset. In addition, more than one-third believe they can effectively self-terminate their partial-onset seizures. Lying down, resting, and taking extra medication were the most common techniques instituted by patients. Correlating clinical symptoms at seizure onset with termination may help improve the sensitivity in seizure prediction.
The effects of channel boron-doping on the performance and hot electron reliability of N-channel trench UMOSFETs

Abstract We report on the effects of channel doping on the performance and hot electron stress (HES) reliability of U-shaped trench gate metal-oxide–silicon field-effect transistors (UMOSFETs). The boron-doped n-channel UMOSFETs are examined using transistor parameters and charge pumping current measurements. It is shown that increasing boron doping of the channel degrades UMOSFETs performance via decreasing the effective electron mobility in the channel and increasing the electron drift resistance in the drain region of the device. It is shown that increasing the boron doping of the channel does not increase interface trap density, which is a major cause for mobility reduction in MOSFETs: instead, ionized impurity scattering in the channel as well as the electric field transverse to the device channel, both of enhanced by doping, are argued to primarily cause the observed degradation in the electron mobility. The UMOSFETs response to HES is observed to be dependent on the doping level of the channel and is discussed in terms of the hot electron energy and its influence by channel doping.
Rabbit microsomal epoxide hydrolase: Isolation and characterization of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme cDNA

Abstract Many endogenous and xenobiotic chemicals are metabolized to epoxides which may be enzymatically hydrated, via microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH), to less reactive dihydrodiol derivatives. On the basis of the reported rabbit mEH amino acid sequence [ F. S. Heinemann and J. Ozols (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259 , 797–804 ], we constructed a 35 base oligonucleotide which was used to screen rabbit liver cDNA libraries. Overlapping rabbit mEH clones were isolated and the full-length cDNA sequence of 1653 bp was determined. The rabbit nucleotide sequence has a high degree of similarity (>75%) with cDNA sequences reported for rat and human mEH. Northern blot analyses with fragments of the rabbit cDNA demonstrate that mEH messenger RNA (mRNA) is expressed constitutively in the liver and induced following exposure to phenobarbital or polychlorinated biphenyls. Constitutive expression of mEH mRNA is also observed in rabbit kidney, testes, and lung. Using benzo[ a ]pyrene-4,5-oxide as substrate, mEH enzymatic activity is shown to correlate closely with tissue levels of mEH mRNA. Southern blot analyses of rabbit DNA suggest that the mEH gene exists as a single copy per haploid genome. The mEH amino acid sequences of the human and rat were compared to that of the deduced rabbit protein in order to analyze the degree of conservation and hydropathy profiles in these species. This comparison permitted the formulation of a computer-assisted model of mammalian mEH as it may relate to the microsomal membrane.
Scheduling forest core area production using mixed integer programming

Core area, the area of mature forest protected by a buffer area from edge effects of surrounding habitats, is an important spatial measure describing forest ecological conditions. Three alternative...
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD TRADING SYSTEM: FROM GATT, 1947 TO THE THIRD MINISTERIAL MEETING OF WTO, 1999

The debate on the role of openness to international flows of goods, technology and capital in the development process is as old as economics. After all, Adam Smith praised the virtues of openness and competition in The Wealth of Nations. A moment's reflection should be enough to convince anyone that the sources of economic development are essentially three: the growth in inputs of production, improvements in the efficiency of allocation of inputs across economic activities, and innovation that creates new products, new uses for existing products, and brings about increases in the efficiency of use of inputs.
Oversampled Gabor expansion into one-side exponential functions

In this paper we consider the Gabor representation which uses a one-sided exponential window for detection and analysis of transient signals. Earlier results on the critically sampled case are extended to the more practically useful oversampled case. For oversampling by an integer factor we derive an explicit analytical expression for the dual window (dual frame) function required for computing the Gabor representation. Based on this expression we develop an efficient procedure for computing the Gabor coefficients. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the method by numerical examples. >
Relationship of ultrasound staging and bilateral biopsy positivity to outcome in stage T1c prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy

Abstract Objectives. The strict definition of Stage T1c prostate cancer is that the tumor is not palpable on digital rectal examination (DRE) or seen on imaging studies such as ultrasound. The inclusion of ultrasound imaging was brought about without an understanding of the relationship between ultrasound upstaging and prognosis. We have also noticed that in clinical practice, treatment decisions are made on the basis of the finding of bilateral versus unilateral biopsy positivity. The objectives in this study were to determine the prognostic significance of upstaging by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to uT2 or uT3, and unilateral versus bilateral biopsy positivity in patients with Stage T1c cancer as determined by DRE (DRE-Stage T1c patients). Methods. Between 1987 and 1995 there were 643 patients with DRE-Stage T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy; 24 had T1a, 76 had T1b, 183 had T1c, 133 had T2a, 168 had T2b, and 59 had T2c. Of these, 135 DRE-Stage T1c patients underwent ultrasound staging and 122 underwent bilateral prostate biopsies. All had pretreatment prostate-specific antigen values (PSAs) available and no patient received adjuvant androgen ablation. The median pretreatment PSA was 9.1 ng/mL, median radiotherapy dose was 66.0 Gy, and median follow-up was 41 months. Post-treatment failure was defined as disease recurrence and/or two elevations in PSA on consecutive follow-up visits. Results. The 5-year freedom from failure rate for DRE-Stage T1c patients (71%) was not significantly different from that of DRE-Stage T1b (65%) or DRE-Stage T2a (71%) patients. There was a trend (P = 0.1) toward a worse outcome for DRE-Stage T2b/T2c patients compared with DRE-Stage T1b/T1c/T2a patients. The distribution of DRE-Stage T1c patients by ultrasound staging was 29 with uT1c, 88 with uT2, and 18 with uT3 findings. Twenty percent of patients had bilateral positive biopsy specimens. In univariate and multivariate analyses, the only correlates of patient outcome were pretreatment PSA (P ≤ 0.002) and isocenter dose (P = 0.03). TRUS upstaging had no effect on freedom from failure; uT1c patients had about the same risk of relapse or a rising PSA as uT2 or uT3 patients. Patients with bilateral positive prostate biopsy specimens had about the same prognosis as those with unilateral positive biopsy specimens. Conclusions. For patients with DRE-Stage T1c prostate cancer, the data indicate that ultrasound staging and bilateral biopsy positivity are not predictive of outcome for patients treated with external beam radiotherapy and treatment decisions should not be based on these parameters.
Radiation as Immunomodulator: Implications for Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy

The last decade has witnessed significant progress in the field of cancer immunotherapy. This has, in part, been driven by a growing recognition that elements of the innate immune response can be harnessed to induce robust immunity against tumor-associated targets. Nonetheless, as clinically effective immunotherapy for the majority of cancers remains a distant goal, attention has shifted toward multimodality approaches to cancer therapy, sometimes combining novel immunotherapeutics and conventional therapeutics. The traditional view of radiation therapy as immunosuppressive has been challenged, prompting a re-evaluation of its potential as an adjunct to, or even a component of immunotherapy. Radiation therapy may enhance expression of tumor-associated antigens, induce targeting of tumor stroma, diminish regulatory T-cell activity and activate effectors of innate immunity such as dendritic cells through Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent mechanisms. Here, we review recent progress in the field of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy, evidence for radiation-induced antitumor immunity and TLR signaling and the results of efforts to rationally integrate radiation into dendritic cell-based immunotherapy strategies.
Spectroscopy study of arsenite [As(III)] oxidation on Mn-substituted goethite

Mn-substituted goethite was synthesized and the interaction between arsenite (As(III)) and Mn-substituted goethite was investigated by both solution chemistry and X-ray adsorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Results indicate that the oxidation of As(III) is favored by Mn-substituted goethite. This reaction was more sensitive to temperature than to pH. Different reaction mechanisms may account for As(III) oxidation. Since As(III) is more mobile and toxic than As(V), the oxidation reaction of As(III) with Mn-substituted goethite may decrease arsenic toxicity under some conditions.
the breath of the devils: memories and places of an experience of terror

In this article, I examine how an indigenous group of the Argentine Chaco remembers experiences of exploitation and terror in terms of devil imageries and how, in turn, these memories shape their current senses of place. My analysis focuses on the Toba of the mid-Pilcomayo River and their memories of work in a sugar plantation in northwestern Argentina. These narratives hinge on different types of devils and cannibals that made the plantation a place of estrangement, disease, death, and terror. In the 1990s, these memories informed the cultural construction of the bush of the Chaco as a place of resilience, relative autonomy, and healing, [devil imagery, terror, place, memory, Toba, Gran Chaco, Argentina]
An Arginine-Faced Amphipathic Alpha Helix Is Required for Adenovirus Type 5 E4orf6 Protein Function

A region in the carboxy terminus of the protein encoded by open reading frame 6 in early region 4 (E4orf6) of adenovirus type 5 was determined to be required for directing nuclear localization of the E1B 55-kDa protein and for efficient virus replication. A peptide encompassing this region, corresponding to amino acids 239 through 255 of the E4orf6 protein, was analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The peptide showed evidence of self-interaction and displayed the characteristic spectra of an amphipathic α helix in the helix-stabilizing solvent trifluoroethanol. Disrupting the integrity of this α helix in the E4orf6 protein by proline substitutions or by removing amino acids 241 through 250 abolished its ability to direct the E1B 55-kDa protein to the nucleus when both proteins were transiently expressed in HeLa cells. Expression of E4orf6 variants that failed to direct nuclear localization of the E1B 55-kDa protein failed to enhance replication of the E4 mutant virus, dl1014, whereas expression of the wild-type E4orf6 protein restored growth of dl1014 to near-wild-type levels. These results suggest that the E4orf6 protein contains an arginine-faced, amphipathic α helix that is critical for a functional interaction with the E1B 55-kDa protein in the cell and for the function of the E4orf6 protein during a lytic infection.
Gillian Hart, Disabling Globalization: Places of Power in Post-Apartheid South Africa . Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.

Dominant understandings of globalization, according to Gillian Hart, are “disabling.” By measuring the effect of the “global” on the “local,” conventional impact studies rely on a flawed conceptual opposition of time and space: the “global” is temporal and dynamic, the “local” spatial and static (12–13). This drives the lament, heard in post-apartheid government circles, that “there is no alternative” to the pro-globalization policies adopted when the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) was displaced in June 1996 by a plan known as Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR). “The central premise of GEAR was that an orthodox neoliberal package—tight fiscal austerity, monetary discipline, wage restraints, reducing corporate taxes, trade liberalization, and phasing out exchange controls—would lure investment . . . unleash rapid growth, tighten labor markets, and drive up wages” (20). A few years later, poverty had grown among the poorest and unemployment remained high.
A theoretical analysis of a ranking discrimination algorithm

The authors summarize the Lincoln Laboratory multistage target detection algorithm for high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The second stage of the algorithm, called the discriminator, consists of a one-class quadratic discriminant computed from various target features. The output of this algorithm is a list of potential targets, which can be ranked according to their 'targetness' before being fed to the final classification algorithm. The ranking score can be used for prioritization in a real-time system. The authors theoretically analyze the ranking discrimination algorithm and compute performance examples using representative parameter values. The theoretical expressions can be used as a guide to help allocate computer resources in the design of a real-time, wide area search high resolution SAR system. >
Component Separation vs. Bridged Repair for Large Ventral Hernias: A Multi-Institutional Risk-Adjusted Comparison, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background: Repair of large ventral hernia defects is associated with high rates of surgical site occurrences (SSO), including surgical site infection (SSI), site dehiscence, seroma, hemat...
Pride and Regulatory Behavior: The Influence of Appraisal Information and Self-Regulatory Goals

Prior research has demonstrated that while people experience pride after an accomplishment, its experience can both encourage and discourage subsequent regulatory behavior. The current research shows that this seemingly contradictory influence can be accounted for by considering the information about the event that generated the pride (i.e., appraisal information) and whether or not a self-regulatory goal is active. In the absence of a self-regulatory goal, appraisal information concerning the locus of control (e.g., “I contributed to this achievement; it was not luck”) can be used to make positive inferences about one’s self-concept that reinforce further self-regulation. In the presence of a self-regulatory goal, appraisal information concerning personal agency (e.g., “This was my achievement, not someone else’s achievement”) can be used to make positive inferences about one’s progress toward self-regulation that, in turn, licenses indulgence. Thus appraisal information and the presence of self-regulatory goals is critical to how a self-conscious emotion like pride influences subsequent behavior. Implications and potential extensions in the areas of self-conscious emotions, goals, and self-regulation are discussed.
First and Second Laws Combined

The first law reminds us – see Chap. 3 – of the well known fact that energy is conserved and all of it must be accounted for. Therefore, when heat energy ΔQ′ is added to a system, and none of it escapes, then all of it must still be there. And if there should exist a procedure to convert some of this heat energy to work, say ΔW′, then after such conversion only ΔQ′ − ΔW′ of it will still be present in the system. We call this left over amount the increase, ΔU, in the system’s internal energy. Because the amount of heat energy input surely depends on what the temperature difference between the depositor and the depositee at any given time is, and because the total deposit of heat may have taken finite length of time, its magnitude will also depend on how long any particular instance, with some particular difference in temperature, lasted. etc. Similarly, the work that is done – namely, ΔW′ – will also crucially depend on where, what, how, and when the work was carried out. These facts are generally labeled as path dependencies. Clearly, therefore, the size of both ΔQ′ and ΔW′ must depend on the paths that are taken in carrying out these tasks.
The Culture in Cultural Property: Expanding Legal Advocacy

The stream of cultural property wrongfully taken from developing countries continues in part as a result of the exclusive use of property-based legal strategies in efforts for its return. Advocates for cultural heritage protection have done much to reveal the shadow market of cultural property — elucidating the illicit traffic of items of cultural property from source countries to museums, collectors and auction houses. Because of its strict, transactional focus, property-based remedies may not be the exclusive mechanism for assessing the social, economic and civic harms associated with cultural property dispossession. This paper will: (1) provide general commentary on the history and practice of property law in the United States, and (2) propose tort theory as a possible solution for advocates seeking strategies for the repatriation of cultural property.
Levels of serum protein fractions in diabetic patients with retinitis proliferans.

Summary1. The serum protein-bound carbohydrates and the serum protein fractions were studied in diabetic patients with retinitis proliferans. The serum protein-bound carbohydrates were found to be present in a higher concentration than in non-diabetes. By the method of paper electrophoresis, a definite decrease in the values for the albumin + α1-globulin fraction and an increase in the α2-globulin fraction was also found in all of the diabetics, although only those with both retinitis proliferans and proteinuria showed a decrease in the total protein. In the β-globulins no essential change was seen. In the group showing both retinitis proliferans and nephropathy, the γ-globulin concentration tended to be lower than in the group with retinitis proliferans alone, but none of the groups had values distinctly different from those of non-diabetics. 2. It is concluded that disturbances in the protein pattern exist which particularly involve the albumin and α2-globulin fractions at a stage in the development of ...