cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
So What is Wrong with Our Profession

As IT tries to emerge from an identity crisis, a look at history shows that solutions are complex but within reach. The author ponders the IT profession's cohesiveness and whether it can control its future.
The effect of fluoroacetate upon the plasma citrate response to parathyroidectomy and nephrectomy.

THE regulating mechanism by which the parathyroid gland maintains the concentration of ionized calcium in the body and the extent to which the kidney may contribute to this process is not understood. Some insight into the metabolism and turnover of circulating citrates is essential to determine any possible role this substance might have in mobilizing calcium from the skeleton or in stabilizing the calcium ion content of body fluids. Preceding experiments (1, 2) indicate that the balance between mobilization and removal of citrates from the circulation is temporarily affected by nephrectomy and that parathyroidectomy abolished the evidence of imbalance produced by nephrectomy. The observation by Buffa and Peters (3) and others (4, 5) indicates that fluoroacetate blocks the destruction of citric acid in most tissues excepting the liver.
Conflicting worlds of meaning: Juvenile delinquency in 19th century Manchester

Until recently historians and sociologists tended to view juvenile delinquency within the context of subcultural theory. This was often supported by evidence taken from contemporary sources. A closer and more skillful reading of the evidence suggests that juveniles fluctuated between normative values and those of the sub‐culture of delinquency (as stated by Matza). Also they were seen by adults within a conflicting paradigm as objects of contempt on one hand and young innocents in need of care and protection on the other.
Variation in ruminal degradation and intestinal digestion of animal byproduct proteins

Abstract In situ and in vitro procedures were used to determine ruminal degradation and intestinal digestion of crude protein (CP) from animal byproducts. Seven samples of meat and bone meal (MBM), hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM), ring dried blood meal (RBM), and batch dried blood meal (BBM) were obtained from various rendering and meat packing plants. Ruminal undegradable CP determined using in situ procedures ranged from 51.3 to 60.8% ( x = 55.4 ± 1.3% ), 53.6–87.9% ( x = 73.6 ± 3.8% ), 76.4–86.4% ( x = 81.0 ± 1.2% ), and 77.6–94.4% ( x = 84.3 ± 2.1% ), for MBM, HFM, RBM and BBM, respectively. Estimates of intestinal digestion of ruminal undegradable CP, determined using a three-step in vitro procedure, ranged from 40.9 to 70.1% ( x = 56.0 ± 4.0% ), 59.2–75.2% ( x = 65.3 ± 2.1% ), 72.0–90.3% ( x = 79.6 ± 2.5% ) and 28.8–79.2% ( x = 61.4 ± 6.8% ), for MBM, HFM, RBM, and BBM, respectively. Total intestinally absorbable dietary protein (IADP) was calculated as ruminal undegradable protein multiplied by intestinal digestion of the ruminal undegradable protein fraction. Intestinally absorbable dietary protein ranged from 21.6 to 39.3% ( x = 31.2 ± 2.7% ), 35.8–59.4% ( x = 47.6 ± 3.1% ), 57.5–75.2% ( x = 64.6 ± 2.6% ), and 24.8–62.7% ( x = 51.3 ± 5.3% ), for MBM, HFM, RBM, and BBM, respectively. Results demonstrate that large variations in ruminal degradation, intestinal digestion and IADP can occur among and within different rendering byproducts. These variations should be considered when determining the quality of animal byproducts as protein supplements for ruminants. Measurements of ruminal degradation and intestinal digestion of CP should be used by manufacturers to guarantee the quality of various batches of byproduct that are produced.
Elevated levels of the mismatch repair protein PMS2 are associated with prostate cancer.

Background Defects in mismatch repair (MMR) proteins have been identified in various types of cancer. However, an association with prostate cancer has been controversial. Defective MMR results in genome instability with detrimental consequences that significantly contribute to tumorigenesis. This study determined alterations in key MMR protein levels in prostate cancer with the goal to identify prognostic markers. Methods Prostatectomy samples were immunohistochemically stained and the relative presence or absence of key proteins MSH2, MLH1, and PMS2 determined. Cancer tissue of distinct grades was compared with the normal surrounding tissue. Microsatellite instability (MSI) in altered tissues was determined according to NCI guidelines. Results In contrast to reports that associate a lack of individual MMR proteins with tumorigenesis, a significant increase in PMS2 levels was identified in PIN lesions and prostate cancer tissue. This elevation in PMS2 was independent of changes in levels in its heterodimeric partner, MLH1. Prostate tumors with elevated levels of PMS2 were genetically unstable, which was corrected by MLH1 co-elevation. Conclusions This is the first documentation of detrimental consequences associated with the increase in a MMR protein in human cancer. This study recognizes PMS2 elevation as a prognostic marker in pre-neoplastic and prostate cancer lesions. This result has significant implications for future diagnostic and treatment measures. Prostate © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Optimal Drug Cocktail Design: Methods for Targeting Molecular Ensembles and Insights from Theoretical Model Systems

Drug resistance is a significant obstacle in the effective treatment of diseases with rapidly mutating targets, such as AIDS, malaria, and certain forms of cancer. Such targets are remarkably efficient at exploring the space of functional mutants and at evolving to evade drug binding while still maintaining their biological role. To overcome this challenge, drug regimens must be active against potential target variants. Such a goal may be accomplished by one drug molecule that recognizes multiple variants or by a drug “cocktail”—a small collection of drug molecules that collectively binds all desired variants. Ideally, one wants the smallest cocktail possible due to the potential for increased toxicity with each additional drug. Therefore, the task of designing a regimen for multiple target variants can be framed as an optimization problem—find the smallest collection of molecules that together “covers” the relevant target variants. In this work, we formulate and apply this optimization framework to theor...
Pulsed laser deposition of BN onto silicon (100) substrates at 600 °C

Excimer laser ablation was used to deposit BN films onto silicon (100) substrates at 600 °C. Films were formed by ablating from either hexagonal BN (hBN) or B targets into either a background gas of N2 or r.f. plasma discharges of N2 and NH3 gases. The resultant films were analyzed using a combination of Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy with an enhanced cross-section, elastic recoil detection and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Films formed by ablating from hBN targets into a background gas of N2 were found to be nitrogen deficient, sp2 bonded, and turbostratic in structure. Ablating from hBN or B targets in an r.f. plasma discharge could produce films that were nearly stoichiometric. Films deposited using B or hBN targets in an N2 plasma were also sp2 bonded and turbostratic in structure. A film grown using NH3 in the plasma resulted in a stoichiometric sp2-bonded microstructure with a high degree of crystallinity (i.e. hBN). All the TEM lattice images show a thin (∼ 50 A) amorphous layer between the Si substrate and the BN film. No evidence was found for a thin or epitaxial layer of cubic BN near the Si surface. Although many films (>100) were deposited under various conditions, no sp3-bonded cubic BN (cBN) was found in films deposited at 600 °C. In addition, a surface science study performed in situ using AES and low energy electron diffraction on films deposited in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber onto atomically clean reconstructed Si (100) surfaces revealed no evidence of epitaxy or cBN.
Decentralized Applied Research: Factors Affecting the Use of Audience Research by Arts Organizations

Little empirical work has estimated the actual importance of factors said to affect the extent to which applied social research is utilized by client organizations. To identify the salience of various factors in facilitating or inhibiting the use of applied research, we have examined the application of one form of research in one decentralized setting-the utilization of audience studies by arts organizations. Drawing on the findings of 25 intensive case studies of diverse audience research, we specify the critical factors affecting utilization of audience studies in arts-organization policy making. Studies were most likely to have powerful effects (a) when their findings confirmed the predilections of arts managers, (b) when an influential person actively sought implementation, and (c) when researchers were involved on a sustained basis in staff deliberations. Studies were not utilized (a) under conditions of high staff tumover, (b) when organizations lacked the resources to use their findings, and (c) wh...
Structure of the Human Cytomegalovirus Protease Catalytic Domain Reveals a Novel Serine Protease Fold and Catalytic Triad

Proteolytic processing of capsid assembly protein precursors by herpesvirus proteases is essential for virion maturation. A 2.5 A crystal structure of the human cytomegalovirus protease catalytic domain has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The structure defines a new class of serine protease with respect to global-fold topology and has a catalytic triad consisting of Ser-132, His-63, and His-157 in contrast with the Ser-His-Asp triads found in other serine proteases. However, catalytic machinery for activating the serine nucleophile and stabilizing a tetrahedral transition state is oriented similarly to that for members of the trypsin-like and subtilisin-like serine protease families. Formation of the active dimer is mediated primarily by burying a helix of one protomer into a deep cleft in the protein surface of the other.
Atomic force microscopy imaging of retroviruses: Human immunodeficiency virus and murine leukemia virus

Retroviruses are membrane-enveloped, RNA-containing viruses that produce a wide range of threatening diseases in higher animals. Among these are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which produces acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans, and murine leukemia virus (MuLV), which produces leukemias in rodents. We have obtained the first atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of these two retroviruses, both isolated from culture media and emerging from infected cell surfaces. The HIV virions are 127 nm diameter on average, and those of MuLV are 145 nm, although there are wide distributions about the means. The AFM images show the arrangement of the envelope protein, responsible for host cell entry, on the surfaces of both virions. Disruption of the viruses using detergents or physical means allowed us to visualize interior structures, including the outer shells of both MuLV and HIV, the cores of MuLV, and the nucleic acid of HIV complexed with core proteins. Using immunolabeling techniques borrowed from electron microscopy, we were able to demonstrate the binding of gold-labeled antibodies directed against the envelope protein of MuLV. The AFM images are revealing, not only in terms of surface topology, but in terms of interior features as well, and they reveal the eccentricities and uniqueness of individual virus particles rather than yielding the average member of the population. Further application of AFM to viruses associated with other pathologies may ultimately have a significant impact on the diagnosis and treatment of virus-promoted diseases.
Capturing the Intangible Concept of Information

Abstract The purpose of this article is to discuss the intricacies of quantifying information in some statistical problems. The aim is to develop a general appreciation for the meanings of information functions rather than their mathematical use. This theme integrates fundamental aspects of the contributions of Kullback, Lindley, and Jaynes and bridges chaos to probability modeling. A synopsis of information-theoretic statistics is presented in the form of a pyramid with Shannon at the vertex and a triangular base that signifies three distinct variants of quantifying information: discrimination information (Kullback), mutual information (Lindley), and maximum entropy information (Jaynes). Examples of capturing information by the maximum entropy (ME) method are discussed. It is shown that the ME approach produces a general class of logit models capable of capturing various forms of sample and nonsample information. Diagnostics for quantifying information captured by the ME logit models are given, and decom...
In the Deceased Woman's Blossoming Yard

I stand to the back of the bidding circle: The buyers' raised fingers speak, and their nods. But the auctioneers talk best. Foster & Sons Hawk a clutchful of canes, a hall of her mirrors Walled up outdoors, one long-reaching butterfly net. Beside a cool blue firtree a sprung orange chair . . . Unsellable! But when the portable mike Leans into the yard's last curve And somebody hauls the mirrors off A reflection will still persist: back of a casket
Reconstruction of missing physiological signals using artificial neural networks

Real-time monitoring of vital physiological signals is of significant clinical relevance. Disruptions in the signals are frequently encountered and make it difficult for precise diagnosis. Thus, the ability to accurately predict/recover the lost signals could greatly impact medical research and application. In response to the PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2010: Mind the Gap, we develop an algorithm based on artificial neural networks to predict the missing signals in one channel using the measurements in other channels. An artificial neural network model is created for each record, which consists of 6, 7, or 8 signals acquired from bedside ICU patient monitors. We first train the network using data from the beginning 9.5 minutes of the record. Then, we reconstruct the missing data in the subsequent 30 seconds for a specific channel. A few techniques are utilized to improve the performance of the model. Principal component analysis is used to reduce complexity and computational cost. Noisy signals are smoothed using a wavelet-based de-noising algorithm before training and testing. We explored three different neural networks: focused time-delayed neural network, distributed time-delayed neural network, and nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs. The focused time-delayed neural network is more computationally efficient while the other two networks provide slightly more precise predictions. For highly correlated data sets, all three networks are able to produce accurate predictions; however, predictions of chaotic and highly noisy data sets are less satisfactory.
Determination of Propoxur Residues in Whole Body Brown Tree Snakes

Propoxur was extracted from brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) and analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Propoxur was quantified by UV absorbance at 270 nm and fluorescence with excitation at 225 nm and emission at 305 nm. Recovery data were determined by analyzing propoxur-fortified blank homogenized tissue. The mean recovery of propoxur in whole body brown tree snakes was 86.7 +/- 7.8% for the concentration range of 0.1 to 250 microgram/g. The method limit of detection with fluorescence and UV detection was 9 and 100 ppb, respectively.
Expression of estrogen receptor coactivators in the rat uterus.

Nuclear receptor coactivators associate in a ligand-dependent manner with estrogen receptors (ER) and other nuclear receptors, and they enhance ligand-dependent transcriptional activation. This study examined basal coactivator expression in rat uterus to investigate if expression of these genes is regulated by estradiol-17b or tamoxifen. Ovariectomized mature and immature rats were injected with estradiol-17b, tamoxifen, or vehicle (i.e., sesame oil) alone. Uteri were collected and analyzed for changes in coactivator mRNA expression using Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses. Constitutive uterine mRNA expression of switch protein for antagonist (SPA), SRC-1, GRIP1, RAC3, RIP140, and p300 mRNAs was observed in control uteri, and treatment with ER ligands did not alter coactivator mRNA levels. The data suggest that expression of these coactivator genes is not sensitive to estradiol or tamoxifen in the rat uterus. No cell type-specific pattern of expression was apparent in uterine sections from mature and immature rats; however, silver grains were more abundant in luminal and glandular epithelial cells compared with the stroma and myometrium, indicating that coactivator mRNA levels vary among the uterine compartments. Thus, to our knowledge, we show for the first time that there is constitutive expression of several uterine nuclear receptor coactivators in a physiological setting that remains insensitive to estrogenic regulation. Furthermore, we speculate that higher constitutive levels of coactivator expression in glandular and luminal epithelial cells may be associated with increased hormonal responsiveness by these uterine compartments. estradiol, estradiol receptor, female reproductive tract, hormone action, progesterone, progesterone receptor, steroid hormones, steroid hormone receptors
Probabilistic Feasibility for Nonlinear Systems with Non-Gaussian Uncertainty using RRT

For motion planning problems involving many or unbounded forms of uncertainty, it may not be possible to identify a path guaranteed to be feasible, requiring consideration of the trade-o between planner conservatism and the risk of infeasibility. Recent work developed the chance constrained rapidly-exploring random tree (CC-RRT) algorithm, a real-time planning algorithm which can eciently compute risk at each timestep in order to guarantee probabilistic feasibility. However, the results in that paper require the dual assumptions of a linear system and Gaussian uncertainty, two assumptions which are often not applicable to many real-life path planning scenarios. This paper presents several extensions to the CC-RRT framework which allow these assumptions to be relaxed. For nonlinear systems subject to Gaussian process noise, state distributions can be approximated as Gaussian by considering a linearization of the dynamics at each timestep; simulation results demonstrate the eective of this approach for both open-loop and closed-loop dynamics. For systems subject to non-Gaussian uncertainty, we propose a particle-based representation of the uncertainty, and thus the state distributions; as the number of particles increases, the particles approach the true uncertainty. A key aspect of this approach relative to previous work is the consideration of probabilistic bounds on constraint satisfaction, both at every timestep and over the duration of entire paths.
Labor in 2013: the new frontier

Despite the frequency with which obstetrics providers manage labor, evidence has emerged in the past few years challenging our historical understanding of normal labor progress over time. We are also confronted with the dearth of evidence to guide the optimal management of labor. With these data, we are presented with both the challenge of changing practice at the bedside and the opportunity for new discovery to optimize labor and delivery outcomes. Given the sheer frequency of labor and delivery, changes that improve outcomes even by a small magnitude have the potential to dramatically impact labor-associated morbidity at the population level.
Essential analytics in nursing education: Building capacity to improve clinical practice

There is an emerging use of analytics and big data to address major challenges and solve complex problems across the health care system. Analytics involves extensive and sophisticated use of data to describe, predict, prescribe, and compare data that drives decision making with the goal of improving results. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act coupled with collaboration among public and private organizations are driving the need for analytical data with the aim of improving the quality of health care and reducing costs to the consumer. The use of an analytical clinical decision framework is provided to assist members of the interprofessional health care team when making decisions at the point of care. The four major types of analytics are discussed and illustrate various applications within health care. The use of analytics promotes clinical practice that applies a data driven approach to delivering patient care services. The ability to embed analytics into clinical practice improves workflow, enhances decision making, increases productivity, reduces overall costs, and fosters optimal patient outcomes.
Study of loss factor for slots in the vacuum chamber

Using the 3-D wakefield calculation program MAFIA, the longitudinal loss factor (energy lost by the beam) and the transverse loss factor (transverse kick experienced by the beam) are systematically studied with the depth and the length of a slot as parameter values. When the bunch is longer than the slot, it is found that simulation results agree with the early theoretical prediction by M. Sands (1977). The loss factor decreases exponentially as the slot gets deeper. However, when the bunch is shorter than the slot, it is found that the longitudinal loss factor decreases but the transverse loss factor does not change very much as the slot gets longer. >
Effect of Electrofishing Effort on an Index of Biotic Integrity

Abstract We sampled fishes at 15 stream sites in the Ozark Highlands ecoregion of Arkansas and examined the effects of sampling effort on an index of biotic integrity (IBI). We found that sampling effort affected component metric scores, IBI scores, and qualitative site classifications. The scores of taxonomic richness metrics increased with increasing effort, while relative abundance metrics were inconsistently affected by sampling effort. The scores of all metrics stabilized with increasing effort. Although some deviation from the sampling effort designated for the IBI appeared acceptable, we found that even a sampling effort deviation of 10 mean stream widths from the designated effort (19.6%) caused one qualitative site classification to change. Our results showed that differences in sampling effort can affect IBI scores and result in erroneous stream assessments. They also indicated that an accurate assessment of regional stream conditions relies on incorporating the specific sampling effort designat...
Data communications management for the Boeing 777 airplane

The integrated avionics architecture of the Boeing 777 airplane, where several functions normally housed in separate computer units are implemented within a single avionics cabinet, presented some unique opportunities and challenges for the implementation of the data link functionality. The Data Communications Management Function (DCMF) is responsible for the communications routing protocols, both for the ACARS air-ground communications and the onboard, fiber optic avionics network. The Flight Deck Communications Function (FDCF) implements the crew interface to the data Link function using a Cursor Control Device (CCD) and Multi-Function Display (MFD) in addition to the conventional Control and Display Unit (CDU) and printer. FDCF is also responsible for the implementation of the customer unique Aeronautical Operational Control (AOC) applications which may be tailor-made and loaded into the system by the airline customer using a ground-based tool. This paper discusses the architectural and operational characteristics of the data link function on the Boeing 777 airplane, and consider how future data link applications and protocols may be accommodated.
Shell Porosity of Chicken Eggs 1. CO2 Loss and CO2 Content of Infertile Eggs during Storage1

ABSTRACT IT HAS been reported by Atwood and Weakley (1924) as well as by Smith (1931) that infertile chicken eggs lose CO2 during storage. According to Smith (1931) the CO2 loss of individual eggs may begin at a rate of 9.0 mg. per day and gradually drop to 0.1–0.2 mg. per day, at which level it may continue for 100 days or more. Smith (1931) also found that the rate of CO2 loss depends on temperature. The CO2 content of fresh eggs has been determined by Mathieu and Urbain (1908) and Straub and Donck (1934). These investigators found that the albumen of fresh eggs contains approximately 55 mg. CO2 and that there is no CO2 in the yolk. Numerous experiments on storage of eggs at high CO2 concentrations as well as experiments on different methods of shell sealing have demonstrated the importance of CO2 with regard to maintenance of interior . . .
Cardiac resynchronization therapy in non-left bundle branch block morphologies

Introduction: In select patients with systolic heart failure, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to improve quality of life, exercise capacity, ejection fraction (EF), and survival. Little is known about the response to CRT in patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB) or non-specific intraventricular conduction delay (IVCD) compared with traditionally studied patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB). Methods: We assessed 542 consecutive patients presenting for the new implantation of a CRT device. Patients were placed into one of three groups based on the preimplantation electrocardiogram morphology: LBBB, RBBB, or IVCD. Patients with a narrow QRS or paced ventricular rhythm were excluded. The primary endpoint was long-term survival. Secondary endpoints were changes in EF, left ventricular end-diastolic and systolic diameter, mitral regurgitation, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class. Results: Three hundred and thirty-five patients met inclusion criteria of which 204 had LBBB, 38 RBBB, and 93 IVCD. There were 32 deaths in the LBBB group, 10 in the RBBB, and 27 in the IVCD group over a mean follow up of 3.4 ± 1.2 years. In multivariate analysis, no mortality difference amongst the three groups was noted. Patients with LBBB had greater improvements in most echocardiographic endpoints and NYHA functional class than those with IVCD and RBBB. Conclusion: There is no difference in 3-year survival in patients undergoing CRT based on baseline native QRS morphology. Patients with RBBB and IVCD derive less reverse cardiac remodeling and symptomatic benefit from CRT compared with those with a native LBBB. (PACE 2010; 590–595)
Clinical and Demographic Predictors of Outcomes in Recent Onset Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Results of the IMAC (Intervention in Myocarditis and Acute Cardiomyopathy)-2 Study

Objectives We sought to determine clinical and demographic predictors of recovery of left ventricular function for subjects with recent onset cardiomyopathy (ROCM). Background Although ROCM is a frequent reason for consultation and transplantation referral, its prognosis and natural history on contemporary therapy are unknown. Methods In the multicenter IMAC (Intervention in Myocarditis and Acute Cardiomyopathy)-2 study, subjects with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤0.40, fewer than 6 months of symptom duration, and an evaluation consistent with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy or myocarditis were enrolled. LVEF was reassessed at 6 months, and subjects were followed up for 4 years. LVEF and event-free survival were compared by race, sex, and clinical phenotype. Results The cohort of 373 persons was 38% female and 21% black, with a mean age of 45 ± 14 years. At entry, 91% were receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and 82% were receiving beta-blockers, which increased to 92% and 94% at 6 months. LVEF was 0.24 ± 0.08 at entry and 0.40 ± 0.12 at 6 months (mean increase: 17 ± 13 ejection fraction units). Transplant-free survival at 1, 2, and 4 years was 94%, 92%, and 88%, respectively; survival free of heart failure hospitalization was 88%, 82%, and 78%, respectively. In analyses adjusted for sex, baseline LVEF, and blood pressure, LVEF at 6 months was significantly lower in blacks than in nonblacks (p = 0.02). Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter at presentation was the strongest predictor of LVEF at 6 months (p Conclusions Outcomes in ROCM are favorable but differ by race. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter by transthoracic echo at presentation was most predictive of subsequent myocardial recovery. (Genetic Modulation of Left Ventricular Recovery in Recent Onset Cardiomyopathy; NCT00575211 )
Adventure Racing: The Experiences of Participants in the Everglades Challenge

There has been little research devoted to understanding the sporting experience of Adventure Racing (AR) participants. Given the possible psychological benefits of AR participation, this investigat...
Annual Cycle and Spatial Spectra of Earth Emitted Radiation at Large Scales

Monthly averaged, resolution enhanced global distributions of the earth's emitted radiation, as measured by the Nimbus-6 Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) wide field of view radiometers, have been analyzed for 1 year of data from July 1975 to June 1976. These distributions are expressed in terms of spherical harmonic coefficients, and time and space variability of the emitted radiation field is studied in terms of these coefficients. The average annual distribution accounts for 78 percent of the space-time power, and the annual cycle accounts for 17 percent of the power. Spatial variations over the globe are described in terms of degree variance, and longitudinal variations are described in terms of spectral power as a function of latitude. The longitudinal spectra were found to vary strongly with time.
THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Gerken, S., 2001. The Gynodiastylidae (Crustacea: Cumacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 59: 1–276. The Gynodiastylidae are a small family of Cumacea, of 58 previously published species, found primarily in the Southern Hemisphere. Investigation of the collections of Museum Victoria, the Australian Museum, and the South Australian Museum yielded six new genera and 45 new species, diagnosed and figured in this monograph. All previously known species are diagnosed and figured (from type specimens where possible, or from the literature when type specimens were not available). Full descriptions of all species are available via the DELTA database, Gynodiastylidae, which can be accessed at www.museum.vic.gov.au/memoirs.
Detection of Ocular and other Diseases with Dynamic Light Scattering

Eye can be considered a “microcosm of the body”. Diseases such as uveitis, elevated cholesterol levels, cataract, diabetes, and possibly Alzheimer's disease can be detected much earlier with the technique of dynamic light scattering (DLS).
Kinetics of Antibody Production to Group A and Group C Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines Administered during the First Six Years of Life: Prospects for Routine Immunization of Infants and Children

A cohort of infants, previously immunized once or twice between three and 12 months of age with vaccines containing polysaccharide of groups A and C Neisseria meningitidis, received boosters at two and five and one-half years of age with bivalent A/C vaccine. Antibody concentrations were measured by a radioactive antigen-binding assay. Concentrations of antibody to groups A and C N. meningitidis were 5.59 and 2.86 microgram/ml, respectively, by four years of age. After booster immunization at five and one-half years of age, concentrations of antibody to groups A and C N. meningitidis increased to 15.67 and 7.59 microgram/ml, respectively. Protective levels of antibody to group A meningococci may be achievable throughout early childhood by routine immunization with the A vaccine. Although the group C vaccine is effective in control of epidemics, the rapid decline in the concentration of antibody to group C meningococci following immunization of young children suggests that protection may not be long-lasting.
Worker Alienation and Compensation at the Savannah River Site.

Corporations operating U.S. nuclear weapons plants for the federal government began tracking occupational exposures to ionizing radiation in 1943. However, workers, scholars, and policy makers have questioned the accuracy and completeness of radiation monitoring and its capacity to provide a basis for workers’ compensation. We use interviews to explore the limitations of broad-scale, corporate epidemiological surveillance through worker accounts from the Savannah River Site nuclear weapons plant. Interviewees report inadequate monitoring, overbearing surveillance, limited venues to access medical support and exposure records, and administrative failure to report radiation and other exposures at the plant. The alienation of workers from their records and toil is relevant to worker compensation programs and the accuracy of radiation dose measurements used in epidemiologic studies of occupational radiation exposures at the Savannah River Site and other weapons plants.
A Contribution toward a Monograph of the Scatopsidae (Diptera) Part III, The Genus Rhexoza Enderlein

The genus Rhexoza was established by Enderlein (1936, p. 55). The description, as in Rhegmoclemina already considered, is contained solely in a key to the genera of central Europe. The type species, R. zacheri, was a new species which was not described except for a figure of the wing, a size measurement, and an indication that it came from rotten potatoes.
Test Technique for Short-Breakdown Test in CBM Well and Its Application

Test technique and analysis method for short-breakdown well were studied based on some data and the actual application in a new coalbed methane exploration area. The testing method, equipment combination, construction procedure and data analysis were introduced. And the application of the short-breakdown test method in CBM well was discussed. The results show that the short-breakdown prior to injection/fall-off well-test can obtain some useful information of reservoir in a new coalbed methane exploration area, and provide important parameters for well-test design of CBM well.
Recent progress in semiconductor excitable lasers for photonic spike processing

Recently, there has been tremendous interest in excitable optoelectronic devices and in particular excitable semiconductor lasers that could potentially enable unconventional processing approaches beyond conventional binary-logic-based approaches. In parallel, there has been renewed investigation of non-von Neumann architectures driven in part by incipient limitations in aspects of Moore’s law. These neuromorphic architectures attempt to decentralize processing by interweaving interconnection with computing while simultaneously incorporating time-resolved dynamics, loosely classified as spiking (a.k.a. excitability). The rapid and efficient advances in CMOS-compatible photonic interconnect technologies have led to opportunities in optics and photonics for unconventional circuits and systems. Effort in the budding research field of photonic spike processing aims to synergistically integrate the underlying physics of photonics with bio-inspired processing. Lasers operating in the excitable regime are dynamically analogous with the spiking dynamics observed in neuron biophysics but roughly 8 orders of magnitude faster. The field is reaching a critical juncture at which there is a shift from studying single devices to studying an interconnected network of lasers. In this paper, we review the recent research in the information processing abilities of such lasers, dubbed “photonic neurons,” “laser neurons,” or “optical neurons.” An integrated network of such lasers on a chip could potentially grant the capacity for complex, ultrafast categorization and decision making to provide a range of computing and signal processing applications, such as sensing and manipulating the radio frequency spectrum and for hypersonic aircraft control.
Can Ordinary People Detect Deception After All

The tipping point framework of lie detection posits that people can, and do, accurately detect deception. This framework pinpoints three circumstances that aid accuracy: (i) using methods of measurement that circumvent controlled, conscious cognition; (ii) when individual differences or situational factors portend potent risks to lie detection failure, such as in high-stakes or threatening settings; and (iii) when factors diminish concern over the relationship or reputation costs of asserting that someone has lied. We thus depict a psychological system that registers lie detection consistently in nonconscious reactions (e.g., brain based, bodily, indirect social evaluations) and that allows information into consciousness to inform overt assessments of lies when the costs of failing to detect deception exceed those of signaling distrust.
Section 4: Vibrations of the Air in a Wind Instrument

Here, it will be the question of the vibrations in the air, when it is itself the sounding body. That which is transmitted in the air by another sounding body will be reserved for Sect. 1 of Part III. It will be regarded as the continuation of this one, the laws being the same.
Scientific challenges in thermosphere-ionosphere forecasting – conclusions from the October 2014 NASA JPL community workshop

Interest in forecasting space weather in the thermosphere and ionosphere (T-I) led to a community workshop held at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in October, 2014. The workshop focus was “Scientific Challenges in Thermosphere-Ionosphere Forecasting” to emphasize that forecasting presumes a sufficiently advanced state of scientific knowledge, yet one that is still evolving. The purpose of the workshop, and this topical issue that arose from the workshop, was to discuss research frontiers that will lead to improved space weather forecasts. Three areas are discussed in some detail in this paper: (1) the role of lower atmosphere forcing in the response of the T-I to geomagnetic disturbances; (2) the significant deposition of energy at polar latitudes during geomagnetic disturbances; and (3) recent developments in understanding the propagation of coronal mass ejections through the heliosphere and prospects for forecasting the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) using observations at the Lagrangian L5 point. We describe other research presented at the workshop that appears in the topical issue. The possibility of establishing a “positive feedback loop” where improved scientific knowledge leads to improved forecasts is described (Siscoe 2006, Space Weather , 4 , S01003; Mannucci 2012, Space Weather , 10 , S07003).
Functions of Random Variables and Error Propagation

Sometimes experiments do not directly measure the quantity of interest, but rather associated variables that can be related to the one of interest by an analytic function. It is therefore necessary to establish how we can infer properties of the interesting variable based on properties of the variables that have been measured directly. This chapter explains how to determine the probability distribution function of a variable that is function of other variables of known distribution, and how to measure its mean and variance, the latter usually referred to as error propagation formulas. We also establish two fundamental results of the theory of probability, the central limit theorem and the law of large numbers.
A Meta-Analysis: School-Based Intervention Programs Targeting Psychosocial Factors for Gifted Racial/Ethnic Minority Students:

This meta-analysis of five studies examined the effect of school-based intervention programs on psychosocial well-being of gifted racial/ethnic minority students in K–12 school settings. Analyses determined the overall effect sizes for various intervention programs and compared the effect sizes for subgroups by grade (i.e., elementary vs. secondary) and program developer (i.e., local district vs. national institution). Results indicated a significant impact of school-based intervention programs on students’ psychosocial well-being overall. The impact did not significantly differ by grade or program developer. The significance of these results is discussed.
Self-Aligned AlGaN/GaN FinFETs

We have demonstrated highly scaled, self-aligned AlGaN/GaN fin-shaped field-effect transistors (FinFETs), which were fabricated using e-beam lithography and a regrown n+ GaN ohmic process with a sacrificial dummy gate. Our devices were very aggressively scaled, with fin widths, gate length, and source drain spacing as small as 50, 60, and 200nm, respectively. DC characteristics, when normalized to active device periphery (number of fins times fin width), showed peak transconductance of 1.5 mS/ $\mu \text{m}$ and ON resistance of $390~\Omega $ - $\mu \text{m}$ . Enhancement mode device operation was observed for fin widths below 100 nm.
A quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of USDA's AgrAbility project.

Abstract Background There is evidence that the combination of assistive technology and education increases ability to live and work independently, which in turn increases the quality of life (QOL) levels of adults with disabilities. No previously published treatment-comparison group intervention studies were found with adult farmers and ranchers with disabilities. Knowing how effective USDA's AgrAbility Project is at increasing this population's QOL and independent living and working (ILW) levels will reinforce and inform change in AgrAbility and will provide outcomes for stakeholders and public decision makers to better address agricultural communities' needs. Objectives To assess whether or not AgrAbility is effective for enhancing QOL and ILW levels of agricultural producers with functional limitations and to assess intervention-comparison group differences. Methods Intervention group participants (N = 225) included ranchers and farmers from 12 states with various disabilities who participated in AgrAbility. Comparison group participants (N = 100) from 17 states also included farmers and ranchers with various disabilities; they received no on-site visits or other AgrAbility services. Results In this 10-year, 27-state study, AgrAbility participants reported statistically significant presurvey-postsurvey improvements in QOL levels (mean presurvey = 5.56; mean postsurvey = 7.13) while comparison group participants reported no change in QOL (mean presurvey = 5.10; mean postsurvey = 4.91). AgrAbility group mean ILW scores rose from 2.86 to 3.71 while comparison group mean ILW scores rose slightly from 3.24 to 3.50. Conclusions These results suggest that AgrAbility was effective as compared with a no-treatment comparison group on improving QOL and ILW levels.
Lifestyles, Informal Controls, and Youth Victimization Risk in South Korea and the United States

Support has been offered for the relevance of daily activities and pro-social networks for shaping victimization odds among adolescents, but cross-cultural analyses of these effects have yet to be examined. The study presented here examined victimization among middle- and high school students from SK (n = 3343) and the US (n = 4990). Personal victimizations (bullying, physical assaults, and threats) were examined. Youth activities included participation in sports, school clubs, non-school clubs, and employment in part-time jobs. A youth’s perceptions of friends and of teachers’ attachments to students were also examined, possibly influencing guardianship and vulnerability to victimization. Findings revealed inverse effects of school athletics and positive effects of non-school club participation and part-time jobs on victimization risks in both countries. Perceptions of stronger attachments to friends and between teachers and students were also associated with lower victimization risks in the US. Common themes in findings across the two countries are identified but with important caveats regarding our inability to make direct comparisons in model estimates between the samples. Nonetheless, these themes should help guide hypotheses in future research capable of making direct comparisons.
Spatial and temporal variability of the California Current identified from the synoptic monthly gridded World Ocean Database (WOD)

Abstract The synoptic monthly gridded (SMG) world ocean database (WOD) were constructed with 1° × 1° horizontal resolution and 28 standard vertical levels from the surface to 3000 m deep using the optimal spectral decomposition technique. Monthly acceleration potential (AP) relative to 1000-dbar is calculated for the isopycnal surface 26.4 kg m−3 from January 1960 to December 2014 to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of the California Current. A composite analysis was conducted to obtain the total-time mean AP field and the climatological monthly mean AP variability, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than the total-time mean. Residual data were used to examine interannual variations of the AP field. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was conducted to analyze the AP anomaly data. The EOF-1 (40% variance) represents strengthening/weakening of the North Pacific Gyre and California Current. EOF-2 (20% variance) represents onshore/offshore geostrophic flow. The first principal component was negatively correlated with the PDO; the second principal component was negatively correlated with both the PDO and ENSO, which implied that the AP anomaly contains climate variability signals.
The I-phone/I-pad course: a small college perspective

The paper details the experience of teaching an iPhone Application Development course at a small, liberal-arts college. The course offers students the opportunity to integrate the knowledge and skills acquired in other Computer Science courses while working on exciting, real-world applications. The paper discusses the benefits and challenges of introducing an iPhone course, outlines the material covered in the course, describes some student projects, and shares a few instructor observations.
Enhancing operating systems courses with object-oriented simulation

This tutorial/workshop demonstrates how to enhance conventional undergraduate courses of operating systems by including object-oriented simulation. The theory in a conventional course is supplemented and enhanced by illustrating the principles using practical simulation models to study the general behavior and performance of various aspects of operating systems. These models are object-oriented discrete event simulation models implemented in Java and C++. Conventional courses on operating systems describe the theoretical aspects with much detail and do not emphasize the study of performance to analyze these systems.
Population variation in salamander courtship pheromones

We examined intraand interspecific chemical variation in salamander courtship pheromones. The extent to which plethodontid receptivity factor (PRF) and other glandular components vary among populations of Plethodon jordani was analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC. Gland extracts from individuals revealed that males within a population differ in the relative amounts of the glandular components as well as in the presence and absence of components, including PRF. Comparisons between populations showed that each population had a unique elution profile and differed significantly in the relative amounts of PRF and the other extract components. Knowledge about the nature of geographic variation in the courtship pheromone, combined with behavioral tests of female response, will contribute towards understanding how the pheromone evolved.