cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An explicative model of unsafe work behavior

This study attempted to construct and test an explicative model of unsafe work behavior to reveal the mechanisms by which the following contributory factors to unsafe work behavior influence safety behaviors of individuals at workplaces: (a) perceived safety climate, (b) perceived hazard level, (c) perceived work pressure, (d) perceived risk, and (e) perceived barriers. Perceived safety climate was operationalized as management commitment, supervisor support, co-worker support, employee participation, and competence level. Data were collected from 722 US grain industry workers in 102 different locations of a multi-national grain company using a 98-item survey questionnaire. The second-order factor model to explain unsafe work behavior was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that perceived safety climate was the best predictor of unsafe work behavior among the contributing factors of safety behavior. Perceived safety climate affected unsafe work behavior in three paths simultaneously: (a) indirectly through the sequential influence of other mediating factors of perceived work pressure, perceived risk, and perceived barriers, (b) through direct influence on perceived barriers which, in turn, affects unsafe work behavior, and (c) direct influence on unsafe work behavior (standardized path coefficient = .73).
Vanadate induces calcium signaling, Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel activation, and gene expression in T lymphocytes and RBL-2H3 mast cells via thiol oxidation.

Using ratiometric Ca 2+ imaging and patch-clamp measurement of Ca 2+ channel activity, we investigated Ca 2+ signaling induced by vanadium compounds in Jurkat T lymphocytes and rat basophilic leukemia cells. In the presence of external Ca 2+ , vanadium compounds produced sustained or oscillatory Ca 2+ elevations; in nominally Ca 2+ -free medium, a transient Ca 2+ rise was generated. Vanadate-induced Ca 2+ signaling was blocked by heparin, a competitive inhibitor of the 1,4,5-inositol trisphosphate (IP 3 ) receptor, suggesting that Ca 2+ influx is secondary to depletion of IP 3 -sensitive Ca 2+ stores. In Jurkat T cells, vanadate also activated the Ca 2+ -dependent transcription factor, NF-AT. Intracellular dialysis with vanadate activated Ca 2+ influx through Ca 2+ release-activated Ca 2+ (CRAC) channels with kinetics comparable to those of dialysis with IP 3 . Neither phosphatase inhibitors nor nonhydrolyzable nucleotide analogues modified CRAC channel activation. The action of vanadate, but not IP 3 , was prevented by the thiol-reducing agent DTT. In addition, the activation of CRAC channels by vanadate was mimicked by the thiol-oxidizing agent chloramine T. These results suggest that vanadate enhances Ca 2+ signaling via thiol oxidation of a proximal element in the signal transduction cascade.
Characterization of the proteasomeβ2 subunit gene and its mutant allele in the tephritid fruit fly pest, Anastrepha suspensa

In Drosophila melanogaster the β 2 proteasome subunit gene, Prosβ β β 2 , was first identified as a dominant temperature sensitive mutant, DTS-7, that causes pupal lethality at 29 ° C but allows survival to adulthood at 25 ° C. To explore the use of proteasome mutations for a conditional lethal system in insect pests, we identified and isolated the β 2 subunit gene of the 20S proteasome from the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa. The caribfly ortholog AsProsβ 2 was isolated from pupal cDNA by 5′′ and 3′′′ ′ RACE. The AsProsβ 2 protein has high amino acid sequence similarity to predicted insect Prosβ 2 subunits and homologs from yeast and mammals, and it contains the well conserved amino acids that confer catalytic activity and substrate specificity. AsProsβ 2 is a single copy gene and its RNA accumulates throughout all developmental stages of the caribfly. For functional studies a point mutation, analogous to the Prosβ β β 2 1 mutation in D. melanogaster , was introduced into AsProsβ β β 2 to create an aberrant protein with a Gly170Arg substitution. Consistent with the DTS-7 mutation, transgenic insects carrying the mutant allele undergo normal metamorphosis at the permissive temperature (25 ° C) but at the non-permissive temperature (29 ° C) they exhibit effective pupal lethality. This is the first report of a functional characterization of a Prosβ 2 cognate based on the creation of a dominant temperature-sensitive mutation. This type of temperature-dependent lethality could be used for biological control, where transgenic insects are reared to adulthood at 25 ° C or lower and then released into the field where ambient temperatures averaging 29 ° C or greater cause lethality in their progeny.
Cross-layer signal monitoring in an optical packet-switching test-bed via real-time burst sampling

A photonic time-stretch enhanced recording oscilloscope enabling real-time burst sampling is realized within an optical switching fabric test-bed. 10-Gb/s eye diagrams are captured with the high-speed digitizer, showcasing the potential for real-time cross-layer network optimization.
Effect of hypoxia on abdominal motor unit activities in spontaneously breathing cats

Mateika, J. H., E. Essif, and R. F. Fregosi. Effect of hypoxia on abdominal motor unit activities in spontaneously breathing cats. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2428–2435, 1996.—These experiments were d...
Introducing Energy-Efficient Technologies in Developing Countries

Over the time scale of a century, the two key challenges facing us as a species are: 1) how to make a smooth, non-disruptive transition from a non-sustainable to a sustainable world economy, and 2) how to raise the living standards in the developing world up to a decent minimum. I believe our answers to these challenges will largely determine the kind of shape we are in at the end of the next century. The introduction and wide-scale adoption of energy-efficient technologies in the developing countries is essential for a successful response to these challenges. Furthermore, their adoption constitutes a critical part of our response to the threat of global climate change.
Molecular Control of Atypical Protein Kinase C: Tipping the Balance between Self-Renewal and Differentiation

Complex organisms are faced with the challenge of generating and maintaining diverse cell types, ranging from simple epithelia to neurons and motile immune cells [1-3]. To meet this challenge, a complex set of regulatory pathways controls nearly every aspect of cell growth and function, including genetic and epigenetic programming, cytoskeleton dynamics, and protein trafficking. The far reach of cell fate specification pathways makes it particularly catastrophic when they malfunction, both during development and for tissue homeostasis in adult organisms. Furthermore, the therapeutic promise of stem cells derives from their ability to deftly navigate the multitude of pathways that control cell fate [4]. How the molecular components making up these pathways function to specify cell fate is beginning to become clear. Work from diverse systems suggests that the atypical Protein Kinase C (aPKC) is a key regulator of cell fate decisions in metazoans [5-7]. Here, we examine some of the diverse physiological outcomes of aPKC's function in differentiation, along with the molecular pathways that control aPKC and those that are responsive to changes in its catalytic activity.
Flame Stabilization and Mixing Studies in a Novel Ultra-Low Emissions Combustor

The operation of a Stagnation Point Reverse Flow (SPRF) combustor is studied over a range of equivalence ratios and loadings. Previous studies have shown this combustor geometry can operate stably, even at low equivalence ratios, without the need of external preheating or swirl, while producing low pollutant emissions levels in both premixed and non-premixed modes. The SPRF combustion and mixing characteristics are investigated with a variety of imaging diagnostics: simultaneous OH PLIF and chemiluminescence (heat release) measurements, and laser scattering of oil droplets seeded into the fuel. Results indicate that the flame is primarily stabilized and that most of the heat release occurs in the downstream portion of the combustor, where there is a low mean velocity but high fluctuations. The hot products created in this region reverse direction and are entrained into the oncoming reactants. This increases chemical rates and flame speeds, contributing to the stability of the combustor. Fuel and air injected separately in case of non-premixed operation, are found to be mostly mixed by the time they reach the flame zone, allowing this combustor to operate with nearly the pollutant emissions levels of a premixed combustor, but without the safety concerns associated with premixing.
Electrochemical characterization of Aspergillus niger-immobilized carbon electrode

Mycelium of Aspergillus niger was cultured aerobically in a liquid medium and immobilized on a carbon electrode. The electrode with immobilized Aspergillus niger was immersed in a buffer solution at pH 6.0 and the current at 0.5 V was measured. The electrode produced an anodic current with the addition of p-benzoquinone as an electron transfer mediator and attained a steady-state. When glucose was added to the solution containing p-benzoquinone, the current increased further and attained a steady-state. The steady-state current with glucose increased with increasing concentrations of glucose. Thus, Aspergillus niger immobilized on the electrode work as biocatalysts in the electrolytic oxidation of glucose. Characteristics and applications of the electrode were investigated.
VARIABLE RATIO REINFORCEMENT AND DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT

Patterns of operant emission produced by intermittent reinforcement schedules have been explored extensively by numerous investigators (3). The result has been a general conclusion that variable ratio reinforcement schedules are more applicable to social behavior and, in addition, produce higher and more stable operant emissions (2). While a rationale has been provided for the applicability of variable ratio reinforcement to social behavior, it is significant that there has not been an adequate explanation for the higher efficiency of variable ratio reinforcement. Such an explanation seems imperative in view of the general acceptance of the effects of differential reinforcement which suggest that the emission of a particular operant rather than otherr which would produce the same reinforcer is some function of thai operant's ability to produce the reinforcer in a greater amount, at a higher frequency and with a higher probability.' If differential reinforcement is logically faithful to the basic assumptions underlying operant theory, it seems that conclusions drawn about the efficiency of any intermittent schedule must be altered. Illustratively, given several different operants all of which produce the same reinforcer, and all linked to different intermittent reinforcement schedules, the future occurrence of any one of the operants should be a function of whether its production of the reinforcer more closely approximates continuous reinforcement than the others. Thus, under certain conditions, e.g., when intervals between reinforcements are sufficiently attenuated, a FI schedule might be much more efficient than VR schedules, VI schedules or DRL schedules. Succinctly, regardless of the reinforcement schedule employed, that operant linked with the schedule producing the greatest amount, frequency, and probability of reinforcement should be the operant most likely to occur-the schedule linked with the operant, defined as most efficient. Commensurately, the most important variable to be considered regarding reinforcement schedules is not the generic type, but rather, the degree to which the schedule employed provides reinforcement on a continuous basis prior to the onset of satiation.
Multi-modality three-dimensional optical imaging of engineered tissues

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal, and multiphoton microscopy are used to nondestructively monitor in situ cell distribution and cell-matrix interaction in 3-D engineered tissues composed of chitosan scaffolds and fibroblasts transfected with GFP-tagged vinculin plasmid.
Hydrogen Environments In Low-OH, F, Cl Apatites Revealed By Double Resonance Solid-State NMR

A series of hexagonal low-OH, F, Cl apatite compositions synthesized by high-temperature reaction is characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and 1H magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR methods. Quantitative 1H NMR analysis indicates that the hydroxyl content in all samples is low, less than 2 mol percent, and is due to OH in apatite. 1H{31P} rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) NMR difference spectroscopy indicates that hydroxyl groups are preferentially oriented toward fluorine, probably because of OH–···F– hydrogen bonding. Clustered hydroxyl groups are also observed and may play a significant role in hexagonal solid solution for ternary F, OH, Cl apatites.
Application of optical parametric oscillator in the infrared countermeasures

The background and meaning of using optical parametric oscillator in the infrared countermeasures are introduced.Some basic theories of laser infrared countermeasures are discussed,and the jamming laser energy is analyzed too.Using developed LiNbO_3-OPO,a principle experiment jamming the infrared thermal imaging system is carded out by changing the outputting wavelength and working frequency of OPO.When the jamming laser wavelength is 3.8 μm and the working frequency is 20 Hz,the infrared thermal imaging system is jammed successfully.Finally the experimental results are analyzed and discussed.
Epidemiological survey on sleep disorders in school-age Han and Kazakh children in Altai city of Xinjiang

Objective To study the prevalence of sleep disorders in school-age Han and Kazakh children,and study the racial difference of sleep disorders in Xinjiang. Methods One thousand and ninety-six children aged between 6 and 14 years of ethnic Han and 988 age-matched children of ethnic Kazakh were randomly chosen from Altai city of Xinjiang in 2005. The survey was performed on the children and their parents. Results The prevalence of all sleep disorders in ethnic Han and Kazakh children was 33.16% . The difference between two ethnics was significant in the prevalence of sleep disorders( 35.83% for Kazakh versus 30.75% for Han,P = 0.01) . The prevalences of sleep restlessness,limb spasm,night talking,night walking,nightmare,night terrors were higher in Kazakh children than those in Han children. Total prevalence of habitual snoring was 4.75%,close to the data of other areas in China and it was also consistent with the reports from abroad. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of habitual snoring between children of the two ethnic groups(4.76% for Kazakh versus 4.74% for Han) . Also there was no significant difference in the prevalence of sleep-breathing disorders including habitual snoring,apnea,mouth-breathing,choke /gurgling and nocturnal enuresis between ethnic Han and Kazakh children. The average daily sleep time in ethnic Han and Kazakh children was 10.67 hours,not less than children in other areas of China and those abroad. There was no significant difference in the daily sleep time between children of two ethnic groups. Conclusions The prevalence of sleep disorders in ethnic Han and Kazakh children in Altai City of Xinjiang was higher than reported. The prevalence of sleep disorders was higher in Kazakh children than that in the Han children. The reasons need to be further studied.
Improvement of Inverted Index in Search Engine System

The full-text inverted index based on automatic Chinese segmentation is a popular technology for Chinese search engines.In this paper,we propose a grouping inverted index method and an updating arithmetic by using the superadding index.The experiment shows that this two methods can improve the retrieval efficiency and have no negative influence on system's effectiveness.
Exploring a framework for identity and attribute linking across heterogeneous data systems

Online-activity-generated digital traces provide opportunities for novel services and unique insights as demonstrated in, for example, research on mining software repositories. The inability to link these traces within and among systems, such as Twitter, GitHub, or Reddit, inhibit the advances in this area. Furthermore, no single approach to integrate data from these disparate sources is likely to work. We aim to design Foreseer, an extensible framework, to design and evaluate identity matching techniques for public, large, and low-accuracy operational data. Foreseer consists of three functionally independent components designed to address the issues of discovery and preparation, storage and representation, and analysis and linking of traces from disparate online sources. The framework includes a domain specific language for manipulating traces, generating insights, and building novel services. We have applied it in a pilot study of roughly 10TB of data from Twitter, Reddit, and StackExchange including roughly 6M distinct entities and, using basic matching techniques, found roughly 83,000 matches among these sources. We plan to add additional entity extraction and identification algorithms, data from other sources, and design tools for facilitating dynamic ingestion and tagging of incoming data on a more robust infrastructure using Apache Spark or another distributed processing framework. We will then evaluate the utility and effectiveness of the framework in applications ranging from identifying malicious contributors in software repositories to the evaluation of the utility of privacy preservation schemes.
Race or Resource? BMI, Race, and Other Social Factors as Risk Factors for Interlimb Differences among Overweight Breast Cancer Survivors with Lymphedema

Introduction. High BMI is a risk factor for upper body breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) onset. Black cancer survivors are more likely to have high BMI than White cancer survivors. While observational analyses suggest up to 2.2 times increased risk of BCRL onset for Black breast cancer survivors, no studies have explored race or other social factors that may affect BCRL severity, operationalized by interlimb volume difference (ILD). Materials and Methods. ILD was measured by perometry for 296 overweight (25 > BMI 6 months from treatment) in the WISER Survivor trial. Multivariable linear regression examined associations between social and physical factors and ILD. Results. Neither Black race (-0.26, p = 0.89) nor BMI (0.22, p = 0.10) was associated with ILD. Attending college (-4.89, p = 0.03) was the strongest factor associated with ILD, followed by having more lymph nodes removed (4.75, p = 0.01), >25% BCRL care adherence (4.10, p = 0.01), and years since treatment (0.55, p < 0.001). Discussion. Neither race nor BMI was associated with ILD among overweight cancer survivors. Education, a proxy for resource level, was the strongest factor associated with greater ILD. Tailoring physical activity and weight loss interventions designed to address BCRL severity by resource rather than race should be considered.
Understanding and Defining the Socially Conscious Consumer

With the growing research on the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs, there is relatively little research on the makeup of the socially conscious consumer. This is particularly true with regard to their response to socially responsible initiatives. We address this gap through a qualitative study which ascertains the general mindset and makeup of the socially conscious consumer. Results indicate that socially conscious consumers use rational economic models in their consumption decisions, weighing the costs and benefits of their choices. This group also displays a general skepticism with respect to CSR tactics. This has distinct implications for managers, as it becomes more important for them to change the consumer’s view towards marketing than to enhance the existing social viewpoints of the consumer.
VolSelectAware: Visual-Cognition Coupled Non-Visual Data-Driven Volume Selection for Immersive Scientific Visualizations

There are benefits to visualizing and exploring scientific data in immersive display systems. Interactive data analytics further exploit these benefits. Direct interaction techniques enable scientists to leverage their visual-cognitive skills for identifying and selecting visually rendered data. However, fatigue, data density, rendering, and visual encoding issues may result in reduced usage of immersive scientific visualizations. In this paper, we present algorithmic details of a novel volume selection interaction, implementation details, and discuss use case scenario. Our technique seeks to improve usage of immersive visualizations for scientific discovery and insight.
A new approach to bot detection: striking the balance between precision and recall

The presence of bots has been felt in many aspects of social media. Twitter, one example of social media, has especially felt the impact, with bots accounting for a large portion of its users. These bots have been used for malicious tasks such as spreading false information about political candidates and inflating the perceived popularity of celebrities. Furthermore, these bots can change the results of common analyses performed on social media. It is important that researchers and practitioners have tools in their arsenal to remove them. Approaches exist to remove bots, however they focus on precision to evaluate their model at the cost of recall. This means that while these approaches are almost always correct in the bots they delete, they ultimately delete very few, thus many bots remain. We propose a model which increases the recall in detecting bots, allowing a researcher to delete more bots. We evaluate our model on two real-world social media datasets and show that our detection algorithm removes more bots from a dataset than current approaches.
School Finance & the Distribution of Equal Educational Opportunity in the Postrecession U.S.

This article builds on the national school funding fairness report annually produced by the Education Law Center (ELC) of New Jersey. This article expands prior analyses in two directions. First, while ELC analyses evaluate only the most recent 3 years of data, we track school funding progressiveness (the relative targeting of funding to districts serving economically disadvantaged children) for all states from 1993 to 2012. Second, this article explores in greater depth the consequences of school funding levels, distributions and changes for specific classroom resources provided in schools. The analyses presented herein validate that variations in available revenues and expenditures are associated with variations in children's access to real resources—as measured by the competitiveness of the wages paid to their teachers and by pupil-to-teacher ratios and class sizes.
Energy-Level Structure of Ca 41 from the Ca 40 (d, p)Ca 41 Reaction

The level structure of the nucleus ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{41}$ has been studied by the ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{40}(d, p){\mathrm{Ca}}^{41}$ reaction at an incident deuteron energy of 7.00 MeV. Angular distributions have been measured for 120 levels below an excitation energy of 6.83 MeV, and those levels showing forward-stripping angular distributions have been analyzed using the distorted-wave Born approximation. Results on excitation energies, captured-neutron orbital angular momenta, and transition strengths are given for these levels. The data were further analyzed in terms of the shell model, and the unperturbed single-particle level positions with their corresponding spectroscopic factors were determined. For the ($1{f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$) single-particle level at ${E}_{x}=0.0$ MeV, $S=1.0$; ($2{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$), ${E}_{x}=2.07$ MeV, $S=1.22$; ($2{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$), ${E}_{x}=4.13$ MeV, $S=1.17$; ($1{f}_{\frac{5}{2}}$), ${E}_{x}=5.50$ MeV, $S=0.48$; ($1{g}_{\frac{9}{2}}$), ${E}_{x}g~4.98$ MeV, $S=0.07$; ($2{d}_{\frac{5}{2}}$), ${E}_{x}g6.8$ MeV, $S=0.15$; and ($3{s}_{\frac{1}{2}}$), ${E}_{x}g6.8$ MeV, $S=0.05$. The possible role of ($1{d}_{\frac{3}{2}}$) and ($2{s}_{\frac{1}{2}}$) shell-model hole states is also discussed.
Transistor-level camouflaged logic locking method for monolithic 3D IC security

This work proposes a novel method for transistor-level logic locking to address intellectual property (IP) piracy and reverse engineering attacks in monolithic three-dimensional (M3D) ICs. The proposed method locks logic gates by independently inserting parallel or serial locking transistors and camouflaged contacts in multiple tiers in M3D ICs. Without the correct key bits and confidential information for camouflaged contacts, the locked logic gates will malfunction and significantly alter power profiles, which makes reverse engineering attacks more difficult. The performance overhead of the proposed method is evaluated with ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits synthesized and placed with a customized M3D IC library. Case study on c6288 benchmark circuit shows that the proposed locking method with the correct key increases the power by only 0.26%. On average, this method consumes 2.3% more transistors than the baseline ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits.
JavaFX tutorial: tutorial presentation

JavaFX is a new framework for developing Java GUI programs. The JavaFX API is an excellent example of how the object-oriented principles are applied. This tutorial serves two purposes. First, it introduces the JavaFX programming. Second, it uses JavaFX to demonstrate object-oriented design and programming. Specifically, this tutorial introduces the framework of JavaFX and discusses JavaFX GUI components and their relationships. Attendees will learn how to develop simple GUI programs using layout panes, groups, buttons, labels, text fields, colors, fonts, images, image views, shapes, event-handling, and animation.
The Role of Duplex Ultrasound in Assessing AVF Maturation.

Background Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are favored for hemodialysis (HD) access. However, in many instances, AVFs fail to mature. We examined the utility of postoperative color duplex ultrasound (CDU) in assessing AVF maturation and determining the need for balloon-assisted maturation (BAM). Methods A total of 633 patients underwent AVF creation at a single institution from 2015 to 2018. A total of 339 patients (54%) underwent CDU at a median of 8 weeks postoperatively. We collected the following parameters: vein diameter, volume flow (VF), peak systolic velocities in arterial inflow and venous outflow, and presence of stealing branches. A peak systolic velocity ratio (SVR) of ≥2 correlated with ≥50% stenosis in venous outflow, and SVR ≥3 correlated with ≥50% stenosis at the anastomosis. AVFs were considered mature when they were successfully cannulated on dialysis. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was created to compare duplex criteria associated with successful use of AVF (maturation) to those AVFs that required further intervention or failed to mature. Fistulography images, the current gold standard, were compared with findings from CDU studies to determine validity of the duplex ultrasound. Results Of the 339 AVFs with postoperative CDU, 31.3% matured without interventions, 38.3% required BAM, 9.7% thrombosed, and the remaining patients were not yet on HD. Based on GLMM analysis, the probability of AVF maturation increases if CDU demonstrated one of the following: the vein diameter is ≥ 6 (odds ratio [OR] = 38.7), no evidence of stenosis in the venous outflow tract (OR = 35.6), no stealing branches (OR = 21.6) and VF ≥ 675 (OR = 5.0). Fistulography was performed in 195 patents. Sensitivity and specificity for each are as follows: vein diameter (84.3%, 28.6%), stenosis (59.3%, 78.8%), and stealing branches (20.7%, 92.7%). Conclusions Postoperative CDU should be considered routine to correct anatomical findings that might limit AVF maturation and identify the need for further interventions.
Thermal Diffusivity of Methanol to a Pressure of 5 GPa

Thermal diffusivities of methanol have been measured, using transient optical gratings, at 26 °C, up to a pressure of 5 GPa; together with previously reported measurements of thermal effusivities, they are used to estimate values of methanol’s specific heat and thermal conductivity to a pressure of 8 GPa. At lower pressures, the calculated quantities compare favorably with a published equation-of-state and a separate formulation for conductivity. Use of diffusivities in combination with effusivities is of particular interest, as both can be measured with optical techniques applicable to the high-pressure, diamond-anvil cell. Such experiments thus afford an experimental path to the determination of specific heats and thermal conductivities at the high compressions achievable with this experimental tool.
PostureCheck: Posture modeling for exercise assessment using the Microsoft Kinect

Evaluation of a person's posture while exercising is important in physical therapy. During a therapy session, a physical therapist or a monitoring system must assure that the person is performing an exercise correctly to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. In this work, we introduce a system called PostureCheck for exercise assessment in physical therapy. PostureCheck assesses the posture of a person who is exercising in front of the camera of the Microsoft Kinect. PostureCheck extracts unique features from the person's upper body during the exercise, and classifies the sequence of postures as correct or incorrect using Bayesian estimation and majority voting. If PostureCheck recognizes an incorrect posture, it specifies what the user can do to correct it. The result of our experiment shows that PostureCheck is capable of recognizing the incorrect postures in real time while the user is performing an exercise.
Conflict, Compromise, and Moral Integrity

An aim of comprehensive moral theory — from Kantianism to utilitarianism to intuitionism — is to provide a single method for resolving conflicts of duty. But are all such conflicts rationally resolvable? And in the same way? Are we never faced with genuine dilemmas in which we cannot fulfill one duty without, at the same time, violating another of comparable stringency? In what follows I argue, first, that the reach of comprehensive moral theory greatly exceeds its grasp. Theories purporting to resolve all such conflicts without “remainder” either oversimplify them or presume a one-dimensional conception of the person. Second, I outline and briefly defend a conception of moral pluralism that faces up to the complexity of moral life and rationally irresolvable conflicts of duty. I conclude by showing how, in at least some cases, such conflicts may be mediated while satisfying our need for personal coherence. In so doing I identify and draw upon interlocking conceptions of compromise and integrity as they relate to moral pluralism.
The Thin Blue Line meets the Big Blue Sky: Perceptions of police legitimacy and public attitudes towards aerial drones

Police departments across the United States are now integrating new visual monitoring technology (e.g. unmanned aerial vehicles [UAVs or ‘drones’], body cameras) into routine police practices. Desp...
An extended observer-based robust nonlinear speed sensorless controller for a PMSM

This work focuses on the problem of observer-based robust speed sensorless control of a 3-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Nonlinear design techniques are employed for designing rob...
A Primer for the Rat Genome Database (RGD)

The laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus, is an important model of human health and disease, and experimental findings in the rat have relevance to human physiology and disease. The Rat Genome Database (RGD, http://rgd.mcw.edu ) is a model organism database that provides access to a wide variety of curated rat data including disease associations, phenotypes, pathways, molecular functions, biological processes and cellular components for genes, quantitative trait loci, and strains. We present an overview of the database followed by specific examples that can be used to gain experience in employing RGD to explore the wealth of functional data available for the rat.
Nitrous oxide cryotherapy ablation for refractory gastric antral vascular ectasia.

BackgroundArgon plasma coagulation (APC) is typically the first-line therapy for gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE). However, many patients are refractory to APC ablation.ObjectiveWe examined t...
Human platelet cytoskeletons: specific content of glycolipids and phospholipids

The lipid composition of platelet cytoskeletons was analyzed. Triton X-100 (0.5%) was used to prepare cytoskeletons from thrombin-treated platelets. The lipid/protein ratio of platelet cytoskeletons was 0.260 and the phospholipid/protein ratio was 0.177, which were comparable to the ratios present in platelets. However, there was a selective enrichment of platelet lipids in platelet cytoskeletons. Only 2 of the 5 major platelet phospholipids were detected. About 14% platelet sphingomyelin and 2% platelet phosphatidylcholine were present in platelet cytoskeletons. Only 1 of the 4 platelet neutral glycolipids, trihexosyl ceramide, was detected and was about 7% of that in intact platelets. Two percent of platelet hematoside, the predominant ganglioside in platelets, was found in cytoskeletons. Six percent of platelet cholesterol was present in platelet cytoskeletons, while no other neutral lipid could be detected. The study demonstrates that the lipid/protein ratio of platelet cytoskeletons is similar to that in platelets, but the composition of cytoskeleton lipids is specific and distinctly different from that in platelets. The selective glycolipid and phospholipid composition of cytoskeletons may be important for cytoskeleton and platelet function.
Living Ring-Opening Olefin Metathesis Polymerization

Although ring-opening olefin metathesis polymerization (ROMP) has been recognized as a method of polymerization since the 1960s, it was only with the development of well-defined metathesis catalysts that the reaction could be controlled. The demonstration that ROMP was ‘living’ with the many of the alkylidene-metal complexes allowed the preparation of new families of polymers with precise molecular weights, polydispersities, and topologies. The application of organometallic techniques to the design of new initiators has resulted in efficient and reliable synthetic processes and the development of a variety of new applications for the resulting polymeric structures.
Cost and Patient Outcomes Associated With Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty Performed by 2-Surgeon Teams vs a Single Surgeon

BACKGROUND Bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be performed under a single-anesthetic (SA) or staged under a two-anesthetic (TA) technique. Recently, our institution began piloting a 2-surgeon team SA method for bilateral TKA. The purpose of this study was to compare the inpatient costs and clinical outcomes in the first 90 days after surgery between the team SA, single-surgeon SA, and single-surgeon TA approaches for bilateral TKA. METHODS All primary TKAs performed from 2007 to 2017 by the 2 participating surgeons for each of the 3 groups of interest were identified: team SA (N = 42 patients; 84 knees), single-surgeon SA (N = 146 patients; 292 knees), single-surgeon TA (N = 242 patients; 484 knees). No patients were lost to follow-up. RESULTS Median hospital cost (per TKA) for the episode(s) of care was as follows: team SA $20,962, single-surgeon SA $22,057, single-surgeon TA $31,145 (P < .001 overall; P = .0905 team SA vs single-surgeon SA). Rate of 90-day complications was 2.4% for team SA, 11.0% for single-surgeon SA, and 8.3% for single-surgeon TA (P = .2090). Discharge to skilled nursing facilities or rehab was as follows: team SA 31%, single-surgeon SA 53%, and single-surgeon TA after the second operation 34% (P < .001). CONCLUSION This pilot project suggests that team SA bilateral TKA is a potentially cost-effective option with fewer complications compared to single-surgeon SA bilateral TKA. The less frequent disposition to skilled nursing facilities in the team SA group in conjunction with more efficient operating room utilization may further enhance the financial benefits.
Data-driven robust detection of tissue/cell-specific markers

Tissue/cell-specific marker genes (MGs) are defined as being exclusively and consistently expressed in a particular tissue/cell subtype across varying conditions. Detecting MGs plays a critical role in molecularly characterizing and conferring tissue/cell subtypes. Unfortunately, classic differential analysis assumes a convenient statistical distribution for the null hypothesis that however does not enforce MG definition and thus results in high false positives. Here we describe a statistically principled method, One Versus Everyone Subtype Exclusively-expressed Genes (OVESEG) test, and propose a mixture null distribution model estimated via novel permutation schemes. Validated with realistic synthetic data sets on both type 1 error and detection power, OVESEG-test applied to two benchmark gene expression data sets detects many known and de novo subtype-specific markers. The subsequent supervised deconvolution results, obtained using MGs detected by OVESEG-test, show superior performance as compared with that by peer methods.
The colorful landscape of multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic disorder of clonal plasma cells. Its ‘single-disease’ entity stems from low disease prevalence, shared morphology and the secretory nature of the disease [1]. ...
Look Up and Smile! Seeing through Alexa’s Algorithmic Gaze

Echo Look is one latest product by Amazon built on the artificial intelligence agent Alexa designed to be a virtual fashion assistant. This paper draws on feminist theory to critically engage with the premises and promises of this new technology. More specifically, I demonstrate how the introduction of Echo Look is an occasion to think through ethical and political issues at stake in the particular space it enters, in this case no less than what is perceived of (women’s) bodies and what fashion is and does. In addition, the specific domain helps us see this category of technology anew, illuminating its taken-for-granted assumptions. More specifically, it serves as yet another reminder of what algorithms cannot do and of their oppressive potency.
A classification of Newcomb problems and decision theories

Newcomb-like problems are classified by the payoff table of their act-state pairs, and the causal structure that gives rise to the act-state correlation. Decision theories are classified by the one or more points of intervention whose causal role is taken to be relevant to rationality in various problems. Some decision theories suggest an inherent conflict between different notions of rationality that are all relevant. Some issues with causal modeling raise problems for decision theories in the contexts where Newcomb problems arise.
HSC70 and HSP90 chaperones perform complementary roles in translocation of the cholera toxin A1 subunit from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol

Cholera toxin (CT) travels by vesicle carriers from the cell surface to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where the catalytic A1 subunit of CT (CTA1) dissociates from the rest of the toxin, unfolds, and moves through a membrane-spanning translocon pore to reach the cytosol. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) binds to the N-terminal region of CTA1 and facilitates its ER-to-cytosol export by refolding the toxin as it emerges at the cytosolic face of the ER membrane. HSP90 also refolds some endogenous cytosolic proteins as part of a foldosome complex containing heat shock cognate 71-kDa protein (HSC70) and the HSC70/HSP90-organizing protein (HOP) linker that anchors HSP90 to HSC70. We accordingly predicted that HSC70 and HOP also function in CTA1 translocation. Inactivation of HSC70 by drug treatment disrupted CTA1 translocation to the cytosol and generated a toxin-resistant phenotype. In contrast, the depletion of HOP did not disrupt CT activity against cultured cells. HSC70 and HSP90 could bind independently to disordered CTA1, even in the absence of HOP. This indicated HSP90 and HSC70 recognize distinct regions of CTA1, which was confirmed by the identification of a YYIYVI-binding motif for HSC70 that spans residues 83–88 of the 192-amino acid CTA1 polypeptide. Refolding of disordered CTA1 occurred in the presence of HSC70 alone, indicating that HSC70 and HSP90 can each independently refold CTA1. Our work suggests a novel translocation mechanism in which sequential interactions with HSP90 and HSC70 drive the N- to C-terminal extraction of CTA1 from the ER.
La Güera Rodríguez: la construcción de una leyenda

Maria Ignacia Rodriguez de Velasco, known simply as La Guera Rodriguez, has fascinated Mexicans both during her life and posthumously. This article compares the “real” woman with her later historical, literary and artistic representations. It follows her life story (which is interesting, but not extraordinary for a woman of her class and times), her disappearance from Mexican literature during the second half of the 19 th Century and her resurrection and transformation into an iconic figure in the 20 th and 21 st centuries. In this long road to fame, her image got further and further from the flesh-and-blood woman who lived from 1778 to 1850. There are so many myths surrounding her that it’s difficult to separate the woman from the legend. This analysis of the construction of these legends illuminates Mexican culture during many periods, because the different versions of La Guera that have been developed at different times reflect the ideology of each author and the context of their times. It also reminds us that history is living and that there is a great gulf between historic events and their memory.
Comparison of Topical and Intravenous Tranexamic Acid for Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Study of Effects on Tranexamic Acid Levels and Thrombogenic and Inflammatory Marker Levels.

Background:Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug. Topical administration of TXA during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is favored for certain patients because of concerns about thrombotic complications, despite a lack of supporting literature. We compared local and systemic levels of throm
Soil from Brookhaven, New York

Abstract Brookhaven, NY samples are representative of low-loss soils that occur naturally in some locations. Complete electrical properties are described for five different water contents over a frequency range of 1 kHz to 1GHz. Plots are displayed in this chapter, with detailed numerical data in Appendix D.
Metal Artifact Reduction and Intra Cochlear Anatomy Segmentation Inct Images of the Ear With A Multi-Resolution Multi-Task 3D Network

Segmenting the intra-cochlear anatomy structures (ICAs) in post-implantation CT (Post-CT) images of the cochlear implant (CI) recipients is challenging due to the strong artifacts produced by the metallic CI electrodes. We propose a multi-resolution multi-task deep network which synthesizes an artifact-free image and segments the ICAs in the Post-CT images simultaneously. The output size of the synthesis branch is 1/64 of that of the segmentation branch. This reduces and the memory usage for training, while generating segmentation labels at a high resolution. In this preliminary study, we use the segmentation results of an automatic method as the ground truth to provide supervision to train our model, and we achieve a median Dice index value of 0.792. Our experiments also confirm the usefulness of the multi-task learning.
The great platelet paradox: evolution of platelet contribution to hemostasis, inflammation, and thrombosis after injury

Abstract In the setting of severe injury, a rapid hemostatic response led by platelets at the site of endothelial injury is critical to achieve hemostasis. In a process intricately linked with hemostasis, platelets undertake the role of a sentinel immune cell, sensing and releasing danger-associated molecular pattern proteins (DAMPs) and proinflammatory ligands to conduct the initial inflammatory response. Although this serves as a well-adapted system for hemostasis at the local site of endothelial injury, initiation of this cascade at sites other than a point of active hemorrhage may have deleterious consequences. Severe trauma, including soft tissue injury even in the absence of hemorrhage, is characterized by a systemic surge of DAMPs and activating ligands that results in a series of changes in the morphology and function of the platelet that are linked to thrombotic complications, such as microvascular injury and venous thromboembolism. This talk explores some of the platelet signals and functions unique to the innate immune profile of severe trauma, as well as highlights major knowledge gaps in the field in the setting of an overarching hypothesis of how such a dual role for platelets may have evolved.
Hydrodynamics of planing surfaces with negative deadrise angles

Abstract Existing physical model test data indicate that negative-deadrise planing surfaces may be capable of producing greater lift and lift-to-drag ratios than positive-deadrise planing surfaces. However, there is a lack of systematic experiments in which deadrise is varied with all other parameters are fixed. In this study, computational fluid dynamics software STAR-CCM+ is applied to simulate fixed-attitude prismatic planing hulls with variable deadrise, including positive and negative angles. Mesh dependency study and comparison with experimental data have been performed. The main reported hydrodynamic characteristics include the lift and drag coefficients, wetted area, and center of pressure. The negative-deadrise hulls are found to possess higher lift capabilities, while the highest lift-drag ratio is achieved by the zero-deadrise hull. With elimination of side wetting on negative-deadrise hulls, their efficiencies can be significantly increased.
An evolutionary explanation for ineffective altruism

We donate billions to charities each year, yet much of our giving is ineffective. Why are we motivated to give but not to give effectively? Building on evolutionary game theory, we argue that donors evolved (genetically or culturally) to be insensitive to efficacy because people tend not to reward efficacy, as social rewards tend to depend on well-defined and highly observable behaviours. We present five experiments testing key predictions of this account that are difficult to reconcile with alternative accounts based on cognitive or emotional limitations. Namely, we show that donors are more sensitive to efficacy when helping (1) themselves or (2) their families. Moreover, (3) social rewarders don’t condition on efficacy or other difficult-to-observe behaviours (4, 5), such as the amount donated. People donate billions each year, yet giving is often ineffective. Five experiments tested an explanation for inefficient giving based on evolutionary game theory, ruling out alternative accounts based on cognitive or emotional limitations.
The Effects of Marital Status and Children on Savings and Portfolio Choice

This paper investigates the impact of demographic shocks on optimal decisions about saving, life insurance, and, most centrally, asset allocation. We analyze these choices within the framework of a life-cycle model that features exogenous changes in family composition, heterogeneity in lifetime income, and uninsurable fluctuations in earnings and medical costs. Our analysis indicates that marital-status transitions and children can have important effects on optimal household decisions. Widowhood induces sharp reductions in the portfolio shares in stock, and the impact is largest for women and individuals with children. Divorce causes men and women to reallocate their portfolios in different directions; men choose much riskier allocations, while women opt for safer ones. Children play a fundamental role in the optimal portfolio decisions. Men with children, for example, increase their shares in response to divorce by less than half as much as men without children. Comparing our simulation results with panel-data evidence on stockholding from the PSID and the HRS, we conclude that changes in marital status and children matter empirically as well, but not always in the ways that the model predicts.