cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Britain after Brexit – brief overview

This paper aims to examine the early aftermath of Britain’s Referendum to leave the European Union. The study addresses three areas: British public opinion and sentiment with regard to Brexit, Britain’s economy and outlook, and migration.,The study is exploratory in nature, examining data and information available in a variety of public sources that include government statistics, media reports and scholarly research findings.,Analysis of published data and research studies suggest growing disenchantment among the public with regard to Brexit and its consequences, economic and cultural influences on the Referendum, economic uncertainty and potential deterioration, and opposition to and moderation in migration.,The study has not generated original survey data about economic and demographic variables that would make possible statistical analysis of hypothesis.,Recent political developments in developed Western societies point to a rise in popular dismay with globalization, regional integration and multiculturalism. The present study explores and identifies some of the reasons for the trend and the potential consequences to breaking up cross-national alliances as they pertain to the United Kingdom in particular. Similar studies may alert policy makers to the causes and potential economic and political consequences of de-globalization.
Review of Univariate Probability

Probability is a universally accepted tool for expressing degrees of confidence or doubt about some proposition in the presence of incomplete information or uncertainty. By convention, probabilities are calibrated on a scale of 0 to 1; assigning something a zero probability amounts to expressing the belief that we consider it impossible, whereas assigning a probability of one amounts to considering it a certainty. Most propositions fall somewhere in between. Probability statements that we make can be based on our past experience, or on our personal judgments. Whether our probability statements are based on past experience or subjective personal judgments, they obey a common set of rules, which we can use to treat probabilities in a mathematical framework, and also for making decisions on predictions, for understanding complex systems, or as intellectual experiments and for entertainment. Probability theory is one of the most applicable branches of mathematics. It is used as the primary tool for analyzing statistical methodologies; it is used routinely in nearly every branch of science, such as biology, astronomy and physics, medicine, economics, chemistry, sociology, ecology, finance, and many others. A background in the theory, models, and applications of probability is almost a part of basic education. That is how important it is.
The Effect of Interfaces on the Radiation Production of Color Centers in Alkali Halides

The changes in optical absorption spectra induced by gamma irradiation of polycrystalline pellets pressed from KCl, KBr, and KI powders have been studied and compared to the spectra of irradiated deformed single crystals. The results indicate that there is an accelerated rate of destruction of lattice defects in the presence of intercrystalline interfaces. In addition, an enhanced production of certain V-centers is observed, which is explained on the basis of the reaction of products of dissociation of water trapped in the interfaces with point defects existing in the interior of the grains.
Cdt1 stabilizes kinetochore-microtubule attachments via an Aurora B kinase-dependent mechanism.

Robust kinetochore–microtubule (kMT) attachment is critical for accurate chromosome segregation. G2/M-specific depletion of human Cdt1 that localizes to kinetochores in an Ndc80 complex–dependent manner leads to abnormal kMT attachments and mitotic arrest. This indicates an independent mitotic role for Cdt1 in addition to its prototypic function in DNA replication origin licensing. Here, we show that Cdt1 directly binds to microtubules (MTs). Endogenous or transiently expressed Cdt1 localizes to both mitotic spindle MTs and kinetochores. Deletion mapping of Cdt1 revealed that the regions comprising the middle and C-terminal winged-helix domains but lacking the N-terminal unstructured region were required for efficient MT binding. Mitotic kinase Aurora B interacts with and phosphorylates Cdt1. Aurora B–phosphomimetic Cdt1 exhibited attenuated MT binding, and its cellular expression induced defective kMT attachments with a concomitant delay in mitotic progression. Thus we provide mechanistic insight into how Cdt1 affects overall kMT stability in an Aurora B kinase phosphorylation-dependent manner; which is envisioned to augment the MT-binding of the Ndc80 complex.
Data on motivations of food choices obtained by two techniques: Online survey and in-depth one-on-one interview.

Abstract This data article provides the data related to the research article entitled “Motivations for meal and snack times: Three approaches reveal similar constructs” (Phan et al., 2018). The data consists of two datasets collected from two research techniques: online survey questionnaire and one-on-one interview. The data include details of the food and beverage items the participants consumed at specific eating occasions together with the motivations associated with consumption of those foods. The data also provides the food groups to which the food items belong, to facilitate different levels of data analysis to explore the relationship between food, eating occasions and people׳s motivations.
Nanoscale Materials in Water Purification

Abstract Today, nanosized structures have a remarkable impact on technological advancements in biomedical, bioengineering, and environmental applications. Electrospinning is an efficient and versatile technique for the fabrication of nanostructures made of fibers with a high surface-to-volume ratio. This technology produces nanofibers starting mostly from solutions of a wide variety of polymers via a proper polymer-solvent selection. The extreme elongation and narrowing of the fiber occur because of electrostatic repulsive forces on the charged jet. By fine-tuning the processing variables, it is possible to control the fiber diameter and consequently the mat porosity. Furthermore, depending on the nozzle structure and collecting mode, it is possible to realize fibers with various morphologies, thus adding an extra level of complexity to the nanostructured mat. The advantages of using nanofibrous structures in filtration media are related not only to their physical features but also to the possibility of functionalizing their surface through polymer chemistry, blending, and nanofiller incorporation. In this frame, electrospinning gives the possibility to incorporate active molecules or functionality directly during processing, thus tailoring the properties of the electrospun membrane according to the specific requirements. Electrospun nonwoven textile shows intriguing features for many potential applications where a massive surface area and specific functionalities are required as high-efficiency filter media. In this chapter, we provide an overview of current studies on the use of electrospun nanofibers to realize membranes for water purification; different strategies adopted to improve the electrospun membrane efficiency in terms of having a better capacity to remove pollutants are described.
Developmental aspects of lingual coarticulation

The experiment investigated the effects of lingual coarticulation in the speech stimuli of five adults and 14 children. CV syllables ([ki], [ka]) were analysed both acoustically and perceptually to determine the effect of the vocalic environment on the preceding velar stop consonant. In the acoustic analyses, short-time spectra were computed for each consonantal stimulus. Perceptual tests were then conducted by presenting the initial burst portion of the [ki] and [ka] syllables to adult subjects for identification. The acoustic results indicate that the adult stimuli, as expected, show significant coarticulatory effects. In the child data, however, the differences between the velar stops preceding front and back vowels are not always present. Moreover, the perceptual data show that the coarticulatory cues in the adult stimuli are perceptually salient but that these cues are not as perceptible in some of the children’s stimuli. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for language learning.
A Review on Operation, Control and Protection of Smart Microgrids

A microgrid is a group of distributed energy resources and interconnected loads that represents itself to the grid as a single controllable entity able to operate in both grid-connected and islanded modes. The integration of microgrids into the electric grid is the initial step toward the transition from the conventional grid to the ‘smart grid’ — a cyber-enabled power system which provides a bidirectional power and information flow. This enables a pervasive control over distributed grid components as well as a wide area monitoring and protection. This paper presents an updated literature review on the operation, control and protection of microgrids with the integration of distributed energy resources such as wind and solar energies.
Retained Digital Flexible Ureteroscope During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

Background: During percutaneous nephrolithotomy, retrograde flexible ureteroscopy can be utilized to facilitate repositioning of stones, enable direct vision percutaneous access, minimize radiation...
Big Data Begin in Psychiatry

The last 40 years ofJAMA Psychiatryare reviewed as a celebration of its achievements. The focus of this article is on the evolution of big data as reflected in key journal articles. The review begins in 1984 with the introduction of the Epidemiology Catchment Area (ECA) study and Freedman’s editorial “Psychiatric Epidemiology Counts.” The ECA study (N = 17 000), for the first time in a survey, used clinical diagnosis in 5 urban communities, thus linking research and care to population rates of psychiatric diagnosis. The review then traces the subsequent evolution of big data to 5 overlapping phases, other population surveys in the US and globally, cohort studies, administrative claims, large genetic data sets, and electronic health records. Each of these topics are illustrated in articles inJAMA Psychiatry. The many caveats to these choices, the historical roots before 1984, as well as the controversy around the choice of topics and the termbig dataare acknowledged. The foundation for big data in psychiatry was built on the development of defined and reliable diagnosis, assessment tools that could be used in large samples, the computational evolution for handling large data sets, hypothesis generated by smaller studies of humans and animals with carefully crafted phenotypes, the welcoming of investigators from all over the world with calls for broader diversity, open access and the sharing of data, and introduction of electronic health records more recently. Future directions as well as the opportunities for the complementary roles of big and little data are described.JAMA Psychiatrywill continue to be a rich resource of these publications.
Manuka honey microneedles for enhanced wound healing and the prevention and/or treatment of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) surgical site infection

Manuka honey (MH) is currently used as a wound treatment and suggested to be effective in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) elimination. We sought to optimize the synthesis of MH microneedles (MHMs) while maintaining the MH therapeutic effects. MHMs were synthesized using multiple methods and evaluated with in vitro assays. MHMs demonstrated excellent bactericidal activity against MRSA at concentrations ≥ 10% of honey, with vacuum-prepared honey appearing to be the most bactericidal, killing bacterial concentrations as high as 8 × 107 CFU/mL. The wound-healing assay demonstrated that, at concentrations of 0.1%, while the cooked honey had incomplete wound closure, the vacuum-treated honey trended towards faster wound closure. In this study, we demonstrate that the method of MHM synthesis is crucial to maintaining MH properties. We optimized the synthesis of MHMs and demonstrated their potential utility in the treatment of MRSA infections as well as in wound healing. This is the first report of using MH as a substrate for the formation of dissolvable microneedles. This data supports the need for further exploration of this new approach in a wound-healing model and opens the door for the future use of MH as a component of microneedle scaffolds.
Alignment and Integration of Spatial Transcriptomics Data

Abstract Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is a new technology that measures mRNA expression across thousands of spots on a tissue slice, while preserving information about the spatial location of spots. ST is typically applied to several replicates from adjacent slices of a tissue. However, existing methods to analyze ST data do not take full advantage of the similarity in both gene expression and spatial organization across these replicates. We introduce a new method PASTE (Probabilistic Alignment of ST Experiments) to align and integrate ST data across adjacent tissue slices leveraging both transcriptional similarity and spatial distances between spots. First, we formalize and solve the problem of pairwise alignment of ST data from adjacent tissue slices, or layers, using Fused Gromov-Wasserstein Optimal Transport (FGW-OT), which accounts for variability in the composition and spatial location of the spots on each layer. From these pairwise alignments, we construct a 3D representation of the tissue. Next, we introduce the problem of simultaneous alignment and integration of multiple ST layers into a single layer with a low rank gene expression matrix. We derive an algorithm to solve the problem by alternating between solving FGW-OT instances and solving a Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) of a weighted expression matrix. We show on both simulated and real ST datasets that PASTE accurately aligns spots across adjacent layers and accurately estimates a consensus expression matrix from multiple ST layers. PASTE outperforms integration methods that rely solely on either transcriptional similarity or spatial similarity, demonstrating the advantages of combining both types of information. Code availability Software is available at https://github.com/raphael-group/paste
Driving performance and turning reaction time following hip arthroscopy for FAIS: does capsular repair matter?:

Purpose:(1) To compare the pre- and postoperative driving performance in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS); (2) to examine the differences in driv...
The Paratextual Labeling of Autistic-Authored YA Fiction as #OwnVoices: How YA Literary Culture Creates Space for Neurodivergent Authorship

This essay considers the effect of #OwnVoices on autistic literary representation by analyzing how autistic authors use paratexts to prescribe for some readers ways of understanding autistic-authored texts while temporarily refraining from prescribing a particular method for others, allowing readers with opposing ideologies to first read the narrative before they encounter the more didactic elements of the text. Building on Gerrard Genette's theorization of the paratext, this essay compares the use of text and paratext in two works of autistic-authored fiction, Corinne Duyvis's On the Edge of Gone and Jen Wilde's Queens of Geek , to that of Mark Haddon's The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time , a work of allistic-authored YA fiction. The contrast between these two kinds of texts reveals how #ownvoices texts foreground the positionality of the author in ways that enable rather than foreclose discussions about the ethical representation of autistic people.
Explaining Patterns of Biodiversity Across Neon Sites Using Landsat-Based Disturbance Metrics

Disturbance regimes can strongly influence geographic patterns of biodiversity. The types of disturbances and their frequencies can have varying impacts on different dimensions of biodiversity and taxonomic groups, and their influence can also vary with spatial scale. Yet disturbance layers are lacking at sufficiently high spatial resolution and extent to uncover these relationships with biodiversity. We detected disturbances for the conterminous United States from Landsat time series using the established LandTrendr temporal segmentation with a novel secondary classification that incorporates spatial context. We then included these disturbance layers, aggregated to metrics at different temporal and spatial scales, into model of species richness at National Ecological Observatory Network sites.
Ubiquitin ligases and a processive proteasome facilitate protein clearance during the oocyte-to-embryo transition in Caenorhabditis elegans

The ubiquitin-mediated degradation of oocyte translational regulatory proteins is a conserved feature of the oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET). In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, multiple translational regulatory proteins, including the TRIM-NHL RNA-binding protein LIN-41/Trim71 and the Pumilio-family RNA-binding proteins PUF-3 and PUF-11, are degraded during the OET. Degradation of each protein requires activation of the M-phase cyclin-dependent kinase CDK-1, is largely complete by the end of the first meiotic division and does not require the anaphase promoting complex (APC). However, only LIN-41 degradation requires the F-box protein SEL-10/FBW7/Cdc4p, the substrate recognition subunit of an SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. This finding suggests that PUF-3 and PUF-11, which localize to LIN-41-containing ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), are independently degraded through the action of other factors and that the oocyte RNPs are disassembled in a concerted fashion during the OET. We develop and test the hypothesis that PUF-3 and PUF-11 are targeted for degradation by the proteasome-associated HECT-type ubiquitin ligase ETC-1/UBE3C/Hul5, which is broadly expressed in C. elegans. We find that several GFP-tagged fusion proteins that are degraded during the OET, including fusions with PUF-3, PUF-11, LIN-41, IFY-1/Securin and CYB-1/Cyclin B, are incompletely degraded when ETC-1 function is compromised. However, it is the fused GFP moiety that appears to be the critical determinant of this proteolysis defect. These findings are consistent with a conserved role for ETC-1 in promoting proteasome processivity and suggest that proteasomal processivity is an important element of the OET during which many key oocyte regulatory proteins are rapidly targeted for degradation. Article SummaryThe ubiquitin-mediated degradation of translational regulatory RNA-binding proteins is a conserved feature of the oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET). C. elegans LIN-41 is a master regulator of oogenesis and is found in a large translational regulatory ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex with more than 1000 maternal transcripts and the Pumilio-family RNA-binding proteins PUF-3 and PUF-11. We show that the concerted action of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation and proteasome processivity rapidly disassemble LIN-41-containing RNPs during the OET thereby relieving repression of many maternal transcripts.
Exploitation as Theft vs. Exploitation as Underpayment

Marxists claim capitalists unjustly exploit workers, and this exploitation is to show that workers ought to hold more than they do. This paper presents two accounts of exploitation. The Theft Account claims that capitalists steal some of the value to which workers are entitled. The Underpayment Account holds that capitalists are not entitled to pay workers as little as they do, even if the workers are not entitled to the full value they produce. This paper argues that only the Theft Account can explain why workers ought to hold more than they do. The Underpayment Account cannot yield this conclusion. The Theft Account is superior to the Underpayment Account insofar as exploitation is to be an injustice—a wrong that requires the exploited party to hold more.
The Effect of Stoichiometric Ratio on Viscoelastic Properties of Polyurea

Polyurea is a commonly utilized elastomer due to its excellent thermo-mechanical properties. In this study, the polyurea is synthesized using Versalink P-1000 (Air Products) and Isonate 143 L (Dow Chemicals). The diisocynate blocks generally assemble into hard domains embedded in the soft matrix, creating a lightly cross-linked heterogenous nano-structure. We seek to evaluate the effect of the stoichiometric ratio of the two components on the viscoelastic properties of the resultant polyurea. By altering the ratio, polyurea samples with different stoichiometric variations are made. In order to approximate the mechanical properties of polyurea for a wide frequency range, master curves of storage and loss moduli are developed. This is achieved by time-temperature superposition of the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) data, which is conducted at low frequencies and at temperatures as low as the glass transition. Furthermore, in order to access the effect of the stoichiometric ratio on the relaxation mechanisms in the polyurea copolymer system, continuous relaxation spectra of all the stoichiometric variations are calculated and compared.
Lyapunov Functions Family Approach to Transient Stability Assessment

Analysis of transient stability of strongly nonlinear post-fault dynamics is one of the most computationally challenging parts of dynamic security assessment. This paper proposes a novel approach for assessment of transient stability of the system. The approach generalizes the idea of energy methods, and extends the concept of energy function to a more general Lyapunov functions family (LFF) constructed via semidefinite programming techniques. Unlike the traditional energy function and its variations, the constructed Lyapunov functions are proven to be decreasing only in a finite neighborhood of the equilibrium point. However, we show that they can still certify stability of a broader set of initial conditions in comparison to the energy function in the closest-UEP method. Moreover, the certificates of stability can be constructed via a sequence of convex optimization problems that are tractable even for large scale systems. We also propose specific algorithms for adaptation of the Lyapunov functions to specific initial conditions and demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach on a number of IEEE test cases.
The impact of physicians' reactions to uncertainty on patients' decision satisfaction.

Rationale—Patients’ and physicians’ response to uncertainty may affect decision outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of patients’ and physicians’ reactions to uncertainty on patients’ satisfaction with breast health decisions. Method—Seventy-five women facing breast cancer prevention or treatment decisions and five surgeons were recruited from a Breast Health Center. Patients’ and physicians’ anxiety from uncertainty was assessed using the Physicians’ Reactions to Uncertainty Scale; wording was slightly modified for patients to ensure the scale was applicable. Patients’ decision satisfaction was assessed 1–2 weeks after their appointment. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to assess associations between patients’ and providers’ anxiety from uncertainty and patients’ decision satisfaction. A provider-specific random effects term was included in the model to account for correlation among patients treated by the same provider. Results—Patients’ decision satisfaction was associated with physicians’ anxiety from uncertainty (beta = 0.92, p 0.27). Conclusions—This study suggests that physicians’ reactions to uncertainty may have an effect on decision satisfaction in patients. More research is needed to confirm this relationship and to determine how to help patient-provider dyads to manage the uncertainty that is inherent in most cancer decisions.
Computational stochastic control: basic foundations, complexity and techniques

Much research and education in control systems is purely mathematical, but computational advances in stochastic control problem solving can be used beyond the limits of theoretical mathematics. Theoretical and computational mathematics are complementary. Computation is important where the problem is mathematically intractable, highly dimensional as in stochastic dynamic programming or urgently in need of answers as in competitive financial predictions. Many advances in solving large scale control problems have been gained through technical improvements in computing hardware, but as many advances have been made in the development of better algorithms. Both analysis and computation are important in solving problems. Both rely on mathematics, but rely on them in different ways. An important part of educational training is general preparation for problem solving since postgraduate jobs are uncertain in the current world. In this expository control education paper, some basic computational considerations, high performance computers and useful algorithms are surveyed. Much of the knowledge gained in research has been transferred to classes in computation and control, so that student instruction is at the leading edge, a buffer against obsolescence. An important general lesson in computational education is that the computation forms the other half of mathematics, beyond regular mathematics courses. Computation has its own algebra, oriented to finite precision arithmetic, and its own numerically oriented analysis. The view is that of an applied analyst and computational control scientist explaining the field to those with a regular mathematics background.
Cross-Linguistic Similarities at Two Stages of Syntactic Development

Do all children, regardless of the language they are acquiring, pass through a similar sequence of developmental stages, each of which is marked by the production of particular kinds of constructions? Samples of early speech from American, Finnish, Samoan, and Luo children are compared in an initial investigation of this question. Extensive similarities are found across languages in the kinds of construction patterns produced at each of two periods of syntactic development, called here “Early Stage I” (mean length of utterance 1.30–1.50 morphemes) and “Late Stage I” (mean length of utterance 1.60–2.00 morphemes). These similarities suggest that there are many commonalities in the developmental order in which children in different linguistic communities learn how to combine words to express various relational concepts.
A compact stacked quarter-wave circularly polarized patch antenna

Two miniaturization techniques, the use of high dielectric substrate and vertical shorting walls, are combined in this design to implement a compact circularly polarized patch antenna for use in low frequency (400-500 MHz) applications. Two different high dielectric substrates are utilized to achieve a compact footprint with a stacked structure. Vertical shorting walls are incorporated into the structure to provide quarter-wave operation in both orthogonal directions. The coaxial feed position on the diagonal provides the rotation of the fields in a circular manner from the upper to lower layer.
Bewertungskriterien für ein Kommunikationssystem zur Prozeßdatenübermittlung

Fur den Anwender wird es immer schwieriger, fur sein Anforderungsprofil die richtige Kommunikationsinfrastruktur auszuwahlen. Ein einheitliches LAN fur alle moglichen Gerate und Ebenen wird es nicht geben, sondern unterschiedliche Netze werden miteinander kombiniert werden mussen. Aus diesem Grund hat der Gemeinschaftsausschus “Prozesdatenubermittlung” ITG 1.7/GMA 4.3 die Fachgruppe 4.3.2 “Netze” gegrundet. Die Fachgruppe analysierte nationale sowie internationale Normen und Normentwurfe von LAN, stellte daraus die wesentlichen Leistungsmerkmale in bezug auf den Einsatz zur Prozesdatenubermittlung zusammen und erarbeitete Bewertungskriterien. Im wesentlichen wurden folgende Netze untersucht: CSMA/CD-IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet); Token-Bus/PROWAY C-IEEE 802.4 (MAP); Token-Ring-IEEE 802.5; PROWAY A+B; PDV-Bus-DIN 19241 und MIL-Standard 1553 A/B. Wegen der groseren Bedeutung beschrankt sich die Bewertung auf die ersten drei LAN. Anhand konkreter Anforderungsprofile fur bestimmte Einsatzgebiete der Kommunikationsnetze wird bezogen auf die Hierarchiepyramide eine Bewertungsmatrix fur die LAN erarbeitet. Die Grundlage fur das Anforderungsprofil der verschiedenen Prozesse wie Erzeugungs-, Verteilungs-, Aufbewahrungs-, Entsorgungs-, Mes- und Prufprozes bildete einen detaillierten Fragenkatalog, der von den Experten fur die unterschiedlichsten Prozesse beantwortet wurde. Daraus wurden Prototypen fur graphische Anforderungsprofile entwickelt. Die Bewertungsmatrix stellt ein Hilfsmittel dar, wie der Anwender mit Hilfe des Anforderungskatalogs und den Leistungsmerkmalen in die Lage versetzt wird, sich fur seine Anwendung das geeignete LAN zu ermitteln.
An assessment of the participatory role of prostaglandins and serotonin in the pathophysiology of endotoxic shock

The well-documented acute cardiodynamic changes in canine endotoxemia were significantly altered by pretreatment with either a newly synthesized serotonin receptor antagonist (ketanserin) or with a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor (indomethacin). Ketanserin, but not indomethacin, significantly attenuated the endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension and vasoconstriction but had no effect on the typical systemic hemodynamic changes. In sharp contrast, indomethacin significantly attenuated systemic hypotension and enhanced peripheral vascular resistance. Neither drug influenced the typical acute fall in cardiac output or the capillary permeability edema; neither drug attenuated the metabolic acidosis of endotoxemia. These results imply that, although serotonin and the prostaglandins each participate in a unique manner in the pathophysiology of experimentally induced endotoxic shock, neither autacoid appeared singularly responsible for the hemodynamic and metabolic alterations consistently observed.
Early Language Milestone Scale and Language Screening of Young Children

The purpose of this project was to evaluate the use of the Early Language Milestone Scale (ELM) in screening language skills in young children. In this study, 657 children from birth to 36 months of age were evaluated with the ELM. The overall failure rate was 8%. Children who failed the ELM screening were evaluated with the Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development (SICD) that was used as the "gold standard" for diagnosing language disorders. In the 12-month age and younger group, there was poor agreement between the ELM Scale and the SICD. For infants 13 to 24 months of age, there was moderately good agreement between the SICD and a second ELM that was administered 1 to 2 weeks after the initial screening. In the 25- to 36-month age group, there was excellent agreement between the SICD and a rescreen ELM. The agreement between the two instruments indicated that the rescreen ELM correctly classified 79% of the 13- to 24-month-old infants and 89% of the 25- to 36-month-old toddlers.
ECMO and sepsis.

In Reply.— In reviewing our experience with Early Onset Group B Streptococcal Sepsis infection, we attempted to determine which clinical factors best predict mortality in this subset of patients and to evaluate the outcome of patients who receive this relatively new therapy. We acknowledge that there are many problems inherent in performing this type of study. However, we were not willing to randomize prospectively this group of newborns to one therapy or the other. The outcome data shown for all patients from Phases 1 and 2 are included to give the reader an idea of the severity of illness of newborns with Early Onset Group B Streptococcal Sepsis infection treated at Kosair Children9s Hospital and to show the relative numbers from each phase.
Projections of the interstitial nerve cells surrounding the globus pallidus: a study of retrograde changes following cortical ablations in rabbits.

Normative description of the neuronal net of the interstitial nerve cells surrounding the globus pallidus as seen in Nissl-stained preparations is presented. This neuronal net of the interstitial nerve cells, in corroboration with our earlier work, is found to surround the globus pallidus from all aspects and also form the rostral and caudal poles of this neural structure. The interstitial nerve cells lying at the rostral pole of the globus pallidus, in the external medullary lamina of the striatum, at the base of the globus pallidus, and in the anterior twothirds of the internal capsule send their axonal projections to the frontal cortex, which includes the premotor, motor and sensory areas, and the anterior region of the parietal cortex. Since these interstitial nerve cells of the neuronal net appear morphologically and histochemically identical to the neurons of the reticular formation, it is suggested that the entire neuronal net of the interstitial nerve cells is an extension of the diffuse portions of the reticular formation, and that it may be one of the last steps of the diffuse ascending reticulo-cortical pathways.
Structure of the parainfluenza virus 5 F protein in its metastable, prefusion conformation

Enveloped viruses have evolved complex glycoprotein machinery that drives the fusion of viral and cellular membranes, permitting entry of the viral genome into the cell. For the paramyxoviruses, the fusion (F) protein catalyses this membrane merger and entry step, and it has been postulated that the F protein undergoes complex refolding during this process. Here we report the crystal structure of the parainfluenza virus 5 F protein in its prefusion conformation, stabilized by the addition of a carboxy-terminal trimerization domain. The structure of the F protein shows that there are profound conformational differences between the pre- and postfusion states, involving transformations in secondary and tertiary structure. The positions and structural transitions of key parts of the fusion machinery, including the hydrophobic fusion peptide and two helical heptad repeat regions, clarify the mechanism of membrane fusion mediated by the F protein.
Vergence can be controlled by audio feedback, and induces downward ocular deviation

We measured horizontal and vertical eye positions, using binocular search coils, in three humans. Subjects could maintain vergence by means of audio biofeedback. Feedback consisted of a pair of audio tones, one variable and one fixed at a reference frequency. The variable tone was controlled by instantaneous vergence and provided immediate feedback on the vergence state. The reference frequency, which they attempted to match, was set to correspond to a target distance of either 0.34 m or 0.14 m. Subjects could maintain vergence consistently, even while undergoing lateral motions at 0.5 Hz and 0.2 g peak acceleration in darkness. There was also a consistent tendency for the eyes to deviate downward during near vergence. The results may be useful in experiments in which one wishes to control vergence without providing a visual reference which might inhibit conjugate eye movements.
A Dynamic Grid File for High-Dimensional Data Cube Storage and Range-Sum Querying

In this article; the authors propose to use the grid file to store multi-dimensional data cubes and answer angesum queries. The grid file is enhanced with a dynamic splitting mechanism to accommodate insertions of data. It overcomes the drawback of the traditional grid file in storing uneven data while enjoying its advantages of simplicity and efficiency. The space requirement grows linearly with the dimension of the data cube; compared with the exponential growth of conventional methods that store pre-computed aggregate values for range-sum queries. The update cost is O (1); much faster than the pre-computed data cube approaches; which generally have exponential update cost. The grid file structure can also respond to range queries quickly. They compare it with an approach that uses the R*-tree structure to store the data cube. The experimental results show that the proposed method performs favorably in file size; update speed; construction time; and query response time for both evenly and unevenly distributed data.
A four-constant model for viscoelastic fluids

Abstract A nonlinear extension of the generalized Maxwell model is proposed as a constitutive equation for viscoelastic fluids. Expressions for complex-viscosity, oscillatory normal stresses, non-Newtonian viscosity and two normal stress differences are given in terms of four parameters. Comparison is made with M. C. Williams' complex-viscosity data for 1·46% polyethylene oxide in water and with Williams' normal stress and non-Newtonian viscosity data for 1·54% hydroxyethylcellulose in water. The viscosity function from the proposed model agrees with the Ellis model in the regions of high and low shear rate. The expressions for the oscillatory shear stresses and normal stresses agree with those derived from a special case of Coleman and Noll's theory of second order viscoelasticity.
Adapting primary grade reading instruction to individual differences in perceptual skills

Reading instruction should be modified to make it compatible with students' perceptual skills. Assessing the adequacy of a student's perception is pertinent to planning his reading instructional program -not because the teacher can then teach to a preferred modality but, rather, because it can help the teacher determine whether the student has acquired the basic skills that are assumed by the particular instruction program that is to be used in the classroom. Some suggestions that teachers should follow for teaching reading to children with substandard perceptual skills include: only capital letters should be used until the student has acquired some degree of reading fluency; modify the text by adding a distinctive cue to potentially confusing letters; "b" and "d" should not be taught in juxtaposition; instruct the student to use his finger as a pointer, pointing to each word as he reads; teach the student that the start of a new sentence is signaled by a capital letter and the end by a period; introduce only a few sentences at first; for students who exhibit a deficit in auditory perception, phonics based instruction is ne,aded; and teach the student to repeat what he has heard and wants to remember. (WR) U S DE PAR IMF OF HEAT H BOU:ATION NELFAHL NATIONAL INS II TUTE OF FOU STION II0r , PEEN REPRO :` .10E I I sACII. REcE,VED FROM 'HE PI 'N OP ORGANIZATION ORIGIN A IN,C FW CI; :1PINiONS tr T IT .20 NOT N ESSARILY REPRE EN; C ,IAL N. 3NAL iNSTITuTF OF *I0 E TSLC AT ION POSi "N OR POLICY
Plasma MicroRNAs in Ovarian Cancer—Response

We are pleased that our research ([1][1]) has generated interest in the scientific community, and we are happy to provide our reply to the comments submitted by Dr. Haifeng Qiu. The major concern addressed by Dr. Qiu is that the upregulation of plasma miR-21 level in endometriosis-associated
Overcoming poor tabletability of pharmaceutical crystals by surface modification

Purpose To test the hypothesis that coating particles with a highly bonding polymer is effective in improving tabletability of poorly compressible drugs.
What is new in the clinical evaluation of patients with ischemic heart disease

New information related to the mechanism of heart sounds and murmurs, and a more detailed understanding of some aspects of cardiac function, permit a more complete and accurate interpretation of auscultatory signs in patients with ischemic heart disease. The diminished second sound in such patients is now recognized to reflect isovolumic relaxation, and the diminished first sound probably reflects impaired isovolumic contraction. Ejection murmurs can be interpreted in light of their relation to turbulent flow. The variability of regur gitant murmurs in the papillary muscle dysfunction syndrome seems to be explained by new observations related to the function of the papillary muscle.
Dissociation of arousal-like from anxiogenic-like actions of brain corticotropin-releasing factor receptor ligands in rats

Abstract Behavioral actions of centrally administered corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) are likely subserved by multiple brain targets and functional effector systems. The present studies compared effects of two CRF ligands, a full, post-synaptic CRF receptor agonist (rat/human CRF(1–41)) and a CRF binding protein ligand inhibitor (rat/human CRF(6–33)) in a behavioral testing battery sensitive to arousal, fear-like and aversive processes in Wistar rats. The profile of global efficacy for the centrally administered CRF receptor agonist was characterized by low dose (0.5–1.0 μg) arousal-like effects in locomotor and conditioned ambulation contexts and by high dose (5–25 μg) conditioned immobility, taste aversion and place aversion. In contrast, a profile of limited efficacy for the centrally administered CRF binding protein ligand inhibitor included only dose dependent motor activating and facilitation of fear conditioning effects without any of the anxiogenic-like or aversive properties of CRF agonist administration. These results suggest that arousal-like activation is a fundamental, physiologically relevant consequence of brain CRF system stimulation whereas aversive and anxiety-like effects reflect pharmacological actions of a CRF receptor agonist.
A two-dimensional approach to between-partner fit in co-branding evaluations

Although previous literature in co-branding sheds light on the effects of perceived between-partner fit on consumer evaluation of co-branded products, the scope of findings has been limited to the functional fit only, and the importance of symbolic fit has been largely ignored. By conceptualizing perceived fit in two different ways – functional versus symbolic – this study attempts to provide a better understanding of the role of fit in co-branding evaluations. Findings demonstrate that both functional and symbolic fit significantly influence consumer response to co-branding. More importantly, results reveal that the relationships between fit and attitudes show different patterns across the dimensions of fit. Functional fit shows the inverted U-curve relationship with co-branding assessment, such that co-brands with high functional fit do not improve upon co-brands with moderate functional fit, whereas symbolic fit shows a positive monotonic linear pattern.
Role of Fe impurity complexes in the degradation of GaN/AlGaN high-electron-mobility transistors

Recent experiments show that GaN/AlGaN high-electron-mobility transistors suffer from significant current collapse, which is caused by an increase in the concentration of traps with energy levels 0.5–0.6 eV below the conduction-band edge. This increase in trap concentration is consistent with thermally activated defect diffusion, but the responsible defect complexes have not been identified. It has been suggested that the defect complex may contain iron because of the proximity of the Fe-doped GaN substrate. Here, we report first-principles density-functional calculations of substitutional iron complexes, investigate their properties, and show that the FeGa-VN complex has properties that account for the observed degradation.
Numerical study of a model for interface growth

We present the first numerical study of the nonlinear stochastic differential equation characterizing interface growth, originally proposed by Kardar, Parisi, and Zhang [Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 889 (1986)]. Our studies are carried out in two dimensions which would correspond to three-dimensional studies of microscopic models such as the Eden or ballistic-deposition models. We find that the interface width satisfies the proposed scaling relations. The exponents associated with this scaling relation are calculated for different strengths of the effective coupling in the model and seem to be different from previous calculations on microscopic models.
Asymptotically fast triangulation of matrices over rings

We consider problems related to the computation of Hermite and Smith normal forms of integer matrices, and more generally matrices over a principal ideal ring. First, we show that if the matrix A is m {times} n, with rank m and integer entries bounded in absolute value by T, then the Hermite normal form can be computed in O(m{sup 2}nB(m log(mT))) bit operations, where B(t) denotes a function that bounds the time required to perform the extended Euclidean algorithm on two t bit integers. Furthermore we show that the Smith normal form can be computed in O(m{sup 3}nB(m log(mT))log(mT)) bit operations. In the second part of the paper we apply fast matrix multiplication techniques to the problem of triangularizing a matrix over a ring using elementary column operations. We also prove that matrix inversion and multiplication are equivalent in complexity over an arbitrary Principal Ideal Domain, generalizing a result of Bunch and Hopcroft. We then apply our general results to obtain an algorithm for triangularizing integer matrices that has a faster running timer than the known Hermite normal form algorithms. The triangular matrix that is computed has small entries like the Hermite normal form, and will suffice for many applications.more » In the last part of the paper, we discuss a probabilistic method for calculating Smith normal forms. 17 refs.« less
Random Bone Marrow Biopsy in the Staging of Carcinoma of the Prostate

Histological examination of the bone marrow is a well-established method of demonstrating the presence of metastatic tumour cells in patients with a primary cancer elsewhere. Bone marrow biopsy is a standard technique in the staging of lymphomas (Crowther and Bateman, 1972) and its use has been reported in patients with carcinoma of the prostate. Welsh and Mackinney (1964) reported 18 patients in whom 7 had positive bone marrow aspirates and in 5 of these the bone marrow results were the only evidence of disseminated disease. Mehan et al.(1966) reported 49 patients with proven carcinoma of the prostate, of whom 11 (22%) had positive sternal marrow aspirates and in 3 of these it was the only evidence of dissemination. Chua, Ackermann and Veenema (1969) reported on 70 patients and in 3 of the 27 with positive marrow biopsies it was the only evidence of extension of the disease beyond the prostate. Nelson, Boatman and Flocks (1973) reported on 449 patients, 33 of whom had positive marrow biopsies and 10 of these were otherwise free of detectable metastatic disease. In none of these series did the patients have bone scans, although all had X-ray skeletal surveys and serum acid phosphatase estimations. The consensus of opinion from these series was that bone marrow estimation was of limited value in the staging of carcinoma of the prostate due to the large number of false negatives but nevertheless some patients were shown to have metastases in bone marrow when it was thought on all other clinical grounds that the disease was still confined to the prostate. The finding of metastatic cells in the marrow obviously influenced the choice of treatment and ruled out treatment such as total prostatectomy or radical radiotherapy. Bone marrow biopsy was therefore, of some value in selecting the appropriate treatment in a few patients. Contreras, Ellis and Lee (1972) reported on positive marrow examinations in 100 patients with primary cancers in other sites. Their study clearly showed the superiority of bone marrow biopsy over bone marrow aspirates in the demonstration of metastatic tumour cells. (Biopsy was clearly positive in 94 patients, while the aspirate in only 43.) This paper reports the results of random bone marrow biopsies in 28 patients with proven carcinoma of the prostate. The results are compared with other tests used to stage the disease, including bone scanning.