cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving Human Face Recognition using Deep Learning based Image Registration and Multi-Classifier Approaches

Face recognition has become a fascinating field for researchers. The motivation behind the enormous interest in the topic is the need to improve the accuracy of many real-time applications. The complexity of the human face and the changes due to different effects make it more challenging to design as well as implement a powerful computational system for human face recognition. In this work, we presented an enhanced approach to improve human face recognition using a Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and features extraction based on the correlation between the training images. A key contribution of this work is the generation of a new set called the T-Dataset from the original training dataset, which is used to train the BPNN. We generated the T-Dataset utilizing the correlation between the training images without using a conventional technique of image density. The correlated T-Dataset provides a high distinction layer between the training images, which helps the BPNN to converge faster and achieve better accuracy. Data and features reduction is essential in the face recognition process, and researchers have recently focused on the modern Neural Network (NN). Therefore, we used a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) descriptor to prove that there is a potential improvement even using traditional methods. We applied five distance measurement algorithms and then combined them to obtain the T-Dataset, which we fed into the BPNN. We achieved higher face recognition accuracy with less computational cost compared to the current approach by using reduced image features. We test the proposed framework on two small datasets, the YALE and AT&T datasets, as the ground truth. We achieved tremendous accuracy. Furthermore, we evaluate our method on one of the state-of-the-art benchmark datasets, Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW), where we produce a competitive face recognition performance. Also, we proposed an enhanced framework to improve the face registration using deep transfer learning. We used pre-trained models such as ResNet50 and SeNet50 which trained on the VGGFace2 dataset. We used the LFW dataset to evaluate our method, and we achieve high accuracy.
A non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on a CoNi2Se4/rGO nanocomposite with ultrahigh sensitivity at low working potential

Uniform and porous CoNi2Se4 was successfully synthesized by electrodeposition onto a composite electrode comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO) anchored on a Ni foam substrate (prepared hydrothermally). This CoNi2Se4–rGO@NF composite electrode has been employed as an electrocatalyst for the direct oxidation of glucose, thereby acting as a high-performance non-enzymatic glucose sensor. Direct electrochemical measurement with the as-prepared electrode in 0.1 M NaOH revealed that the CoNi2Se4–rGO nanocomposite has excellent electrocatalytic activity towards glucose oxidation in an alkaline medium with a sensitivity of 18.89 mA mM−1 cm−2 and a wide linear response from 1 μM to 4.0 mM at a low applied potential of +0.35 V vs. Ag|AgCl. This study also highlights the effect of decreasing the anion electronegativity on enhancing the electrocatalytic efficiency by lowering the potential needed for glucose oxidation. The catalyst composite also exhibits high selectivity towards glucose oxidation in the presence of several interferents normally found in physiological blood samples. A low glucose detection limit of 0.65 μM and long-term stability along with a short response time of approximately 4 seconds highlights the promising performance of the CoNi2Se4–rGO@NF electrode for non-enzymatic glucose sensing with high precision and reliability.
The prevalence of periodontal-related changes in adolescents with asthma: results of the Third Annual National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the association between asthma and periodontal disease in adolescents using oral examination and health interview data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 19881994. Methods: The study population comprised 1,596 adolescents 13 to 17 years of age: 253 (16%) asthmatics and 1,358 (84%) nonasthmatic controls who were examined for bleeding on probing (BOP), subgingival calculus (SBC), supragingival calculus (SPC), probing depth greater than or equal to 3 mm (PD), and loss of periodontal attachment greater than or equal to 2 mm (LPA). The authors fitted separate multivariate GEE Poisson regression models adjusting for parents’ income, gender, race, exposure to potentially xerogenic drugs (antihistamines, corticosteroids, and inhalers), tobacco exposure, and dental examination within the past year. Results: None of the periodontal measures was associated with asthma severity or with the use of antiasthmatic drugs. However, several covariates had statistically significant odds ratios (P<.05). Conclusions: There was no evidence to support the association between asthma and periodontal health in the adolescent population. Since the findings may be due to the inherent limitations of cross-sectional studies, the lack of knowledge about the daily dose of antiasthmatic medication, and the level of compliance with the therapeutic regimen, future studies should be longitudinal and monitor medication use. (Pediatr Dent. 2003;25:279-284)
URANS studies of hydrodynamic performance and slamming loads on high-speed planing hulls in calm water and waves for deep and shallow conditions

Abstract URANS capability for hydrodynamic performance and slamming of high speed planing crafts are assessed, using metrics specified for naval applications. Wedge drop validation studies using two different solvers, one single-phase and the other two-phase, shows good agreement with experimental data for time history of pressure gauges. Planing hull validation studies are carried out using the historical benchmark experiments of Fridsma. Simulation conditions include calm water in deep and shallow conditions with fixed and free to sinkage and trim motions, as well as regular and irregular head waves in deep water free to heave and pitch motions. For simulations in calm deep water free to sinkage and trim, grid studies show that refined grid density on the hull, especially over the spray root area, chines, and transom stern are necessary for accurate solutions. Detailed verification and validation studies are carried out with satisfactory results since monotonic convergence and validation are achieved for most of the variables. Additional assessment metrics are studied including wave rise, hull pressure distribution, surface streamlines, existence of porpoising, and main spray trajectory. The results are compared with empirical expressions with reasonably good agreement except for main spray trajectory. Resolving the details of the spray flow is beyond the scope of the current work since finer grid resolution and/or more advanced free surface modeling is required. For simulations in calm deep water with fixed sinkage and trim, the assessment metrics include drag and lift forces, pitch moment, drag-lift ratio, and center of pressure. The results agree well with empirical expressions. For simulations in shallow water, similar studies are carried out and reasonable comparison results are obtained. Seakeeping simulations in regular head waves are carried out and validated with experimental data for response amplitudes and phases, with good agreement. Simulations in irregular head waves are carried out for two different weight configurations and validated against experiments for mean and amplitudes of resistance, heave, pitch, and acceleration. Slamming load analysis is carried out, where both emerging and re-entering slams are detected, although the current experimental data lack slamming pressures for validation. More recent research provides additional studies for calm water motions, slamming pressures, and spray flow trajectory that supports current results.
Analysis of Two-Phase Studies using Generalized Method of Moments

Two-phase design can reduce the cost of epidemiological studies by limiting the ascertainment of expensive covariates or/and exposures to an efficiently selected subset (phase-II) of a larger (phase-I) study. Efficient analysis of the resulting dataset combining disparate information from phase-I and phase-II, however, can be complex. Most of the existing methods including semiparametric maximum-likelihood estimator, require the information in phase-I to be summarized into a fixed number of strata. In this paper, we describe a novel method for analysis of two-phase studies where information from phase-I is summarized by parameters associated with a reduced logistic regression model of the disease outcome on available covariates. We then setup estimating equations for parameters associated with the desired extended logistic regression model, based on information on the reduced model parameters from phase-I and complete data available at phase-II after accounting for non-random sampling design at phase-II. We use the generalized method of moments to solve overly identified estimating equations and develop the resulting asymptotic theory for the proposed estimator. Simulation studies show that the use of reduced parametric models, as opposed to summarizing data into strata, can lead to more efficient utilization of phase-I data. An application of the proposed method is illustrated using the US National Wilms Tumor study data.
Modeling Annual Particulate Matter Separation and Washout by Unit Operations with CFD

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a tool to simulate the coupled hydrodynamics and particulate matter (PM) fate in unit operations (UOs) subject to transient rainfall-runoff events. Mos...
Use of the Progressive Return to Activity Guidelines May Expedite Symptom Resolution After Concussion for Active Duty Military.

Background:Clinical recommendations for concussion management encourage reduced cognitive and physical activities immediately after injury, with graded increases in activity as symptoms resolve. Em...
Efi Avdela, Dimitris Arvanitakis, Eliza A. Delveroudi, Evgenios Matthiopoulos, Socrates Petmezas and Tassos Sakellaropoulos, eds., Φυλετικές θεωρίες στην Ελλάδα: Προσλήψεις και χρήσεις στις επιστήμες, την πολιτική, τη λογοτεχνία και την ιστορία της τέχνης κατά τον 19ο και τον 20ό αιώνα [Racial theories in Greece: perception and use in science, politics, literature and art history in the 19th and 20th centuries]

Review of Efi Avdela, Dimitris Arvanitakis, Eliza Anna Delveroudi, Evgenios Matthiopoulos, Socrates Petmezas, and Tassos Sakellaropoulos, eds., Φυλeτικές θeωρίeς στην Eλλάδα: Προσλήψeις και χρήσeις στις eπιστήμeς, την πολιτική, τη λογοτeχνία και την ιστορία της τέχνης κατά τον 19ο και τον 20ό αιώνα [Racial theories in Greece: perception and use in science, politics, literature and art history in the 19th and 20th centuries]. Irakleio: Crete University Press and Philosophy School of the University of Crete Press, 2017. 520 pp.
Selective linkage of mitochondrial enzymes to intracellular calcium stores differs between human induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells and neurons

The coupling of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with mitochondria modulates neuronal calcium signaling. Whether this link changes with neuronal development is unknown. The current study first determined whether ER calcium stores are similar during development of human neurons, and then tested if the ER/mitochondrial coupling varied with development. The release of ER calcium to the cytosol by the IP3 agonist bradykinin was determined in human induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), neural stem cells (NSC) and neurons. The concentration dependence for the release of ER calcium was similar at different stages of development. Metabolism changes dramatically with development. Glycolysis is the main energy source in iPSC and NSC whereas mitochondrial metabolism is more prominent in neurons. To test whether the coupling of mitochondria and ER changed with development, bombesin or bradykinin releasable calcium stores (BRCS) were monitored after inhibiting either of two key mitochondrial enzyme complexes: the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) or the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC). Inhibition of KGDHC did not alter BRCS in either iPSC or NSC. Inhibition of PDHC in neurons diminished BRCS whereas decreased KGDHC activity exaggerated BRCS. The latter finding may help understand the pathology of Alzheimers disease (AD). BRCS is exaggerated in cells from AD patients and KGDHC is reduced in brains of patients with AD. In summary, a prominent ER/mitochondrial link in neurons is associated with selective mitochondrial enzymes. The ER/mitochondrial link changes with human neuronal development and plausibly links ER calcium changes to AD.
Understanding the extent of contraceptive non-use among women at risk of unintended pregnancy, National Survey of Family Growth 2011-2017.

Objective To describe characteristics of U.S. contraceptive non-users to inform tailored contraceptive access initiatives. Study design We used National Survey of Family Growth data from 2011 to 2017 to identify characteristics of contraceptive non-users compared to other women ages 15-44 at risk for unintended pregnancy. We also examined reasons for not using contraception by when non-users expected their next birth. We calculated unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios using two definitions of contraceptive non-use: (1) contraceptive non-use during the interview month, and (2) a more refined definition based on contraception use during the most recent month of sexual intercourse and expectation of timing of next birth. We considered p-values < 0.05 statistically significant. Results Approximately 20% (n = 2844) of 12,071 women at risk of unintended pregnancy were classified as standard contraceptive non-users. After adjusting for all other variables, non-users were more likely to be low-income, uninsured, never married, expect a birth within 2 years, and have zero or one parity. The top reasons for contraceptive non-use were not minding if they got pregnant (22.6%), worried about contraceptive side effects (21.0%), and not thinking they could get pregnant (17.6%). After applying the more refined non-user definition, we identified 5.7% (n = 721) of women as non-users; expecting a birth within 2-5 years and having a parity of one were associated with non-use after adjustment of all other factors. Conclusion Our more refined definition of non-users could be used in future studies examining the causes of unintended pregnancy and to inform programmatic interventions to reduce unintended pregnancy. Implications Describing contraceptive non-users and reasons for contraceptive non-use could help us better understand reasons for unintended pregnancy and inform tailored contraceptive access initiatives.
Simplex: Repurposing Intel Memory Protection Extensions for Information Hiding.

With the rapid increase in software exploits, the last few decades have seen several hardware-level features to enhance security (e.g., Intel MPX, ARM TrustZone, Intel SGX, Intel CET). Due to security, performance and/or usability issues these features have attracted steady criticism. One such feature is the Intel Memory Protection Extensions (MPX), an instruction set architecture extension promising spatial memory safety at a lower performance cost due to hardware-accelerated bounds checking. However, recent investigations into MPX have found that is neither as performant, accurate, nor precise as cutting-edge software-based spatial memory safety. As a direct consequence, compiler and operating system support for MPX is dying, and Intel has begun to manufacture desktop CPUs without MPX. Nonetheless, given how ubiquitous MPX is, it provides an excellent yet under-utilized hardware resource that can be aptly salvaged for security purposes. In this paper, we propose Simplex, a library framework that re-purposes MPX registers as general purpose registers. Using Simplex, we demonstrate how MPX registers can be used to store sensitive information (e.g., encryption keys) directly on the hardware. We evaluate Simplex for performance and find that its overhead is small enough to permit its deployment in all but the most performance-intensive code. We refactored the string.h buffer manipulation functions and found a geometric mean 0.9% performance overhead. We also modified the deepsjeng and lbm SPEC CPU2017 benchmarks to use Simplex and found a 1% and 0.98% performance overhead respectively. Finally, we investigate the behavior of the MPX context with regards to multi-process and multi-thread programs.
The prevalence of hypertension in multiple sclerosis based on 37 million electronic health records from the United States.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypertension (HTN) is a common comorbidity in multiple sclerosis (MS), and it significantly contributes to adverse outcomes. Unfortunately, the distribution of HTN in persons with MS has not been well characterized, and prior estimates have primarily relied on modest sample sizes. The objective of this study was to robustly describe the distribution of HTN in the MS population in comparison to the non-MS population with considerations for age, sex, and race. To date, this is the largest investigation of its kind. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 37 million unique electronic health records available in the IBM Explorys Enterprise Performance Management: Explore database (Explorys) spanning the United States. This resource has previously been validated for use in MS. We evaluated the prevalence of HTN in MS (N = 122 660) and non-MS (N = 37 075 350) cohorts, stratifying by age, sex, and race. RESULTS The prevalence of HTN was significantly greater among those with MS than among those without MS across age, sex, and race subpopulations, even after adjusting for age and sex. HTN was 25% more common in MS. In both MS and non-MS cohorts, the prevalence of HTN progressively increased with age and was higher in Black Americans and in males. DISCUSSION This study demonstrated that HTN is significantly more common in the MS population compared to the non-MS population, irrespective of sex and race. Because HTN is the leading global risk factor for disability and death, these results emphasize the need for aggressive screening for, and management of, HTN in the MS population.
Viral Pneumonia in Patients with Hematologic Malignancy or Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Viral pneumonias in patients with hematologic malignancies and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation cause significant morbidity and mortality. Advances in diagnostic techniques have enabled rapid identification of respiratory viral pathogens from upper and lower respiratory tract samples. Lymphopenia, myeloablative and T-cell depleting chemotherapy, graft-versus-host disease, and other factors increase the risk of developing life-threatening viral pneumonia. Chest imaging is often nonspecific but may aid in diagnoses. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage is recommended in those at high risk for viral pneumonia who have new infiltrates on chest imaging.
Band Gap Tuning of Perovskite Semiconductors and Insights from a Device Simulator that Includes Affects Associated with Mobile Ions

Triple halide perovskites have been used to make perovskite-Si tandems with 27% efficiency and excellent stability. Reactions between NiO and perovskites have been studied.
Review: Teaching Nonprofit Management

Book Review: Teaching Nonprofit Management by K. C. Bezboruah and H. L. Carpenter, Editors Edward Elgar Publishing (2020) Reviewed by B. Kathleen Gallagher, Southern Methodist University Subscribe to JNEL
Compression garments as a useful nonoperative adjunct in the management of giant omphaloceles

Purpose: Giant omphaloceles continue to pose management challenges especially in large defects that are not amenable to primary closure. The discrepancy between sac contents and the potential intraperitoneal space has led to multiple strategies for serial reductions. The majority …
OASIS-P: Operable Adaptive Sparse Identification of Systems for fault Prognosis of chemical processes

Abstract With the increasing process complexities, data-driven fault prognosis has emerged as a promising fault management tool that predicts and manages abnormal events well in advance. In this paper, we develop a fault prognosis framework named ‘OASIS-P’ by integrating operable adaptive sparse identification of systems (OASIS), which is a data-driven adaptive modeling technique, with a risk-based process monitoring approach and contribution plots. Firstly, OASIS is employed with the risk assessment procedure for the prediction of impending faults. As the OASIS model is adaptive, it copes with the initial fault symptoms and forecasts the future behavior of the process under faulty conditions reasonably well, thereby providing an early fault prediction. Next, the fault isolation step is immediately initiated using contribution plots to identify the faulty variables. Unlike in fault diagnosis, the problem of ambiguity in interpreting contribution results due to fault propagation is not an issue in fault prognosis, if the fault isolation step is implemented at an early stage of the fault before it affects the other variables. Hence, the contribution plots together with OASIS can proactively monitor the process in real-time. As a case study, we demonstrate OASIS-P for fault prognosis of a reactor–separator system.
Rarefaction Waves and Integral Curves

All of the Riemann solutions considered so far have the following property: the solution is constant along all rays of the form x = ξt. Consequently, the solution is a function of x/t alone, and is said to be a “similarity solution” of the PDE.
When You've Done Everything Right and Things Still Go Wrong:

Most psychologists are working in a consultancy capacity to facilitate improvement in individual and organisational performance. The skills of the consultant are an integral part of the applied psychologist's work. This article provides some guidelines for action.
Prooxidant-induced c-Src/nuclear factor kappa B-coupled signalling in sensory ganglia mediates cutaneous hyperalgesia.

Background Persistent pain resulting from peripheral injury/inflammation is associated with altered sensitivity to cutaneous stimuli, which can manifest as hyperalgesia. The role of oxidant stress in the development, progression and maintenance of hyperalgesia is still not understood. Furthermore, there appears to be a relationship between c-Src kinase in the pain pathway and oxidative stress. Methods We have used a novel prooxidant inflammatory pain model that involves potassium peroxychromate (PPC), a unique prooxidant that produces the same reactants as activated phagocytes. This model was used to investigate the role of oxidant-activated c-Src in mediating hyperalgesia. We compared the effects of PP2 (a Src family kinase inhibitor) and c-Src siRNA on behavioural hyperalgesia with sodium stibogluconate (SSG) (a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor) and AG 1478 (a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor). Results PP2 and c-Src siRNA attenuated PPC-induced thermal hyperalgesia, while SSG enhanced it. AG 1478 had no effect. PP2 decreased the levels of IL-1β, c-Src/inhibitory kappa B kinase complex formed and prostaglandin E2 produced in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) ipsilateral to the inflamed paw, while SSG increased the levels of these parameters. c-Src siRNA decreased Src expression and activity in the DRG ipsilateral to the inflamed paw. Conclusions These results confirm that prooxidant-activated c-Src plays a role in initiating and maintaining hyperalgesia by regulating a stimulus-response coupling between the inflamed tissue and the DRG in the pain pathway. Our data also suggest that oxidant-induced dysregulation of c-Src/nuclear factor kappa B coupling may contribute to our understanding of the transition from acute to chronic dysfunctional pain state seen in many human diseases.
Identification of Recombinant Chromosomes and F-Merogenotes in Merodiploids of Escherichia coli

Segregants from merodiploids heterozygous at two or more sites in the lac region were selected on the basis of containing a recombinant F-merogenote. Such recombinants frequently contained a recombinant chromosome as well. When the merodiploid was heterozygous at two sites, the frequency at which reciprocally recombinant chromosomes were present in the selected population was lower when the two marked sites were in the same gene and close together than when the sites were more widely separated. When the merodiploid was heterozygous at four sites and selection was made for an intragenic recombinational event, the recombinant chromosome was the reciprocal type about half the time and about half the time was not. Among the latter genotypes, most were nonrecombinant for the intragenic pair of markers. The data are consistent with a model in which recombination leads to the formation of two recombinant products, each containing a region of hybrid deoxyribonucleic acid.
Research on Language Development and Mental Retardation: History, Theories, Findings, and Future Directions*

In this chapter, we briefly review some of the theoretical shifts and most important findings to emerge in the study of language development in individuals with mental retardation since the inception of the Gatlinburg Conference on Mental Retardation Research and Theory in 1968. This period corresponds to an especially vibrant era of research on language and mental retardation, and one that has been shaped in profound ways by the nativist theory espoused first by Noam Chomsky (1965) and later by Fodor (1983), Pinker (1996), and others. Research on language development among those with mental retardation has not only been shaped by nativist theory but this research has also yielded data that have proven important for evaluating the merits of the theory, as in the case of research on Williams syndrome (Bellugi, Lai, & Wang, 1997). In our review, we have by necessity been selective, focusing largely on those concerns and findings that have been motivated by, or are relevant to, the claims of nativist theory or the alternative theories that have risen in prominence in recent years. The alternatives we consider are the social‐interactionist (Bruner, 1983) and emergentist (MacWhinney, 1999) approaches, which grew out of work in typical child development and cognitive science, respectively, and the genetic syndromes approach (Hodapp & Dykens, 1994), which emerged from work within the field of mental retardation. Our goal is to provide a brief history of research on language and mental retardation, demonstrate the bidirectional relationships between that research and the dominant theoretical approaches of our time, and outline future directions for research.
Ectopic hormone syndromes associated with tumors in childhood.

Ectopic production of hormones by tumors can serve as a clue to diagnosis of the tumor and as a focus for management of the patient. Impressive numbers of cases of hypercortisolism, hypoglycemia, precocious puberty, and hypercalcemia due to tumors of nonendocrine tissues have been reported in children already, and it is likely that many others go unrecognized. The types of tumors and the effects of ectopic hormones in children are quite similar to those in adults, though the tumors most commonly associated reflect the relative frequencies of those tumors in the different age groups. The unifying hypothesis of genetic derepression accounts for the ectopic hormone syndromes and predicts that additional unusual tumor products can be detected.
Direct non-cyclooxygenase-2 targets of celecoxib and their potential relevance for cancer therapy

Celecoxib (Celebrex®) was developed as a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor for the treatment of chronic pain. However, it now appears that this compound harbours additional pharmacologic activities that are entirely independent of its COX-2-inhibitory activity. This review presents the recently emerged direct non-COX-2 targets of celecoxib and their proposed role in mediating this drug's antitumour effects.
gPath: a game-theoretic path selection algorithm to protect Tor's anonymity

In this paper, we address the problem of defending against entry-exit linking attacks in Tor, a popular anonymous communication system. We formalize the problem as a repeated non-cooperative game between the defender and the adversary (i.e., controller of the compromised Tor nodes to carry out entry-exit linking attacks). Given the current path selection algorithm of Tor, we derive an optimal attack strategy for the adversary according to its utility function, followed by an optimal defensive strategy against this attack. We then repeat such interactions for three additional times, leading to three design principles, namely stratified path selection, bandwidth order selection, and adaptive exit selection. We further develop gPath, a path selection algorithm that integrates all three principles to significantly reduce the success probability of linking attacks. Using a combination of theoretical analysis and experimental studies on real-world Tor data, we demonstrate the superiority of our algorithm over the existing ones.
Volatile Compounds in Ladino Clover and Off-Flavored Milk,

Summary A low-temperature, high-vacuum distillation method, with liquid nitrogen trapping, was used to separate the volatiles from milk. The carbonyls were then precipitated as the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, washed, and dried. The carbonyls were regenerated by flash exchange, fractionated by gas liquid chromatography, and identified by retention times. Ethanal, acetone, and butanone were present in normal milk. In addition, 2-methylpropanal and 3-methylbutanal were present in off-flavored milk. Quantitative determinations of the individual compounds were performed. Steam distillates from Ladino clover were analyzed to determine the identity of the volatile components in the clover which may impart an off-flavor to milk. The volatiles were identified as carbonyl compounds and were fractionated in the same manner as above. Ethanal, acetone, butanone, pentanal, 2-methylpropanal, and 3-methylbutanal were present in all samples. Propanal was present in winter and summer samples of Ladino clover. Butanal was present in only spring clover.
Polarization Effects in the 3-Body System

This talk is going to consist mostly of an experimental review of polarization effects in the three-nucleon system. There is a richness of experimental possibilities, many of which have been carried out, that arises from the complex spin structure of the system, i.e., ½ + 1 → ½ + 1 for the elastic process and ½ + 1 → ½ + ½ + ½ for the inelastic or breakup process. Most of the work in the past has been on the elastic process. The emphasis of the present talk, however, will be on the inelastic process, since this would appear to the author to be the most productive area for future work. Discussions of elastic scattering will be limited to special topics about which there has been interesting activity in the last two years or so. The greater emphasis on the breakup process is partly because “exact” calculations are becoming available and partly because available polarized beams make quite a few heretofore unstudied experiments quite feasible.
Skull Fracture and the Low Risk of Intracranial Sequelae in Minor Head Trauma

The presence of skull fracture has been associated with a higher risk of intracranial sequelae than if a fracture were not present. This is true for the total population of head-injury patients. However, reanalysis of the patient selection criteria data from two large published series on skull imaging in head trauma revealed that this increased risk factor for intracranial sequelae did not apply to a specific subset of minor-head-trauma patients. The patients in this subset were characterized by the presence of one or more of five “low-yield” criteria: (1) asymptomatic (no complaints), (2) headaches, (3) dizziness, (4) scalp hematoma, and (5) scalp laceration. All other criteria were absent. Results of the reanalysis showed (from a total population of 3031 head-trauma patients) a subset of 1184 patients characterized by these five criteria. In these 1184 minor-head-trauma patients there were 19 fractures, all linear, with none depressed or basilar. There were no intracranial sequelae. This change in the concept of fracture as a risk factor for intracranial sequelae has major implications in the future development of strategies for selecting patients for not having skull films or head computed tomograms.
Calculation of Cavity Nucleation Under Irradiation with Continuous Helium Generation

The theory of cavity nucleation in irradiated metals has been modified to include three important effects:(1) non-ideality of the inert gas in cavities, (2) a linearly increasing helium concentration with dose, (3) nucleation of cavities on approximately equilibrium bubbles of any size. Calculations using the improved model to predict cavity density and size distribution are reported for simulated fast neutron and dual-ion irradiation experiments.
Isolation and characterisation of an anticryptococcal protein in human cerebrospinal fluid.

An earlier study reported that human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has fungistatic activity for Cryptococcus neoformans. The present study reports that molecular sieve fractionation of concentrated CSF yielded three protein peaks, one of which (p2) had anticryptococcal activity. On a DEAE-Sephacel anion-exchange column the active molecular sieve peak (p2) gave two peaks that contained anticryptococcal activity. The first (DEAE-1) eluted with 0.1 m NaCl and the second (DEAE-2) eluted with 0.2 m NaCl in buffer. Fungistatic activity of DEAE-1 was reversed by FeCl3. Moreover, FeCl3 reversed inhibition of C. neoformans growth by CSF. In contrast, activity of DEAE-2 was not reversed by FeCl3, indicating that inhibition was produced by an iron-independent mechanism. Immunoblot assays showed that transferrin was present in DEAE-1 but not in DEAE-2, whereas albumin was present in DEAE-2 but not in DEAE-1. On NuPAGE, DEAE-1 protein migrated as a single band corresponding to transferrin and DEAE-2 protein gave a single band corresponding to albumin. In control experiments, human serum albumin subjected to the same isolation protocol acquired anticryptococcal activity similar to that of DEAE-2. Therefore, CSF albumin (DEAE-2) activity was associated with the isolation protocol. These data indicate that transferrin, present in or isolated from CSF, sequesters trace amounts of ferric iron, inhibits growth of C. neoformans and acts as an innate defence mechanism.
Resume fraud: unverifiable publications of urology training program applicants.

Purpose: We examined the incidence of resume fraud among urology residency applicants by determining the rate of misrepresented publications listed in applications to a urology residency program.Materials and Methods: Applications from all 147 urology residency applicants to a program from the 2007 application cycle were analyzed. Verification of listed publications was attempted by querying PubMed®, Google™ Scholar and MEDLINE®. Univariate analysis was conducted to assess associations between unverifiable publications and applicant demographics.Results: Of the applicants who submitted publications 19% (14 of 71) had at least 1 unverifiable publication, which represented 9% (14 of 147) of the entire applicant pool. There were no statistically significant associations between misrepresented publications and applicant demographics.Conclusions: Applicants had a low but still unacceptable rate of misrepresented publications and this trend in academic medicine is of great concern.
Vertex-transitivity and routing for Cayley graphs in GCR representations

Dense, symmetric graphs are good candidates for effective interconnection networks. Cayley graphs, formed by Borel subgroups, are the densest, symmetric graphs known for a range of diameters [1]. Every Cayley graph can be represented with integer node labels by transforming into another existing topology, Generalized Chordal Ring (GCR) [2]. However, generally speaking, GCR graphs are not fully symmetric. In this paper, we provide a framework for the formulation of the complete symmetry (or vertex-transitivity) of Cayley graphs in the integer domain of GCR representations. Successful realization of such formulation offers a simple, iterative routing algorithm that is capable of determining multiple, shortest paths between any source and destination pairs. An example from a Borel Cayley graph is used to illustrate this concept.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Children and Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

291 Selected by experts as the treatment of choice for youngsters, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has emerged as a safe, viable, and effective treatment for obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) among children and adolescents. Yet, most children with OCD do not receive CBT, at least in part due to the shortage of clinicians who are well versed in managing the unique challenges that arise in the treatment of children. This paper reviews developmental factors that complicate the diagnosis and treatment of OCD in youngsters; it discusses appropriate adaptations of CBT protocols for children; and it presents the application of CBT for children and adolescents, using a developmentally sensitive protocol that is flexible and feasible in clinical settings: RIDE Up and Down the Worry Hill. Illustrated is the use of this protocol with a 15-year-old girl with forbidden thoughts and praying rituals, and a 6-year-old boy with fears of harm and reassurance-seeking rituals. Future directions for making CBT available and accessible to children with OCD are discussed. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 3:291–306 (2003)]
Selection and discovery of polymorphs of platinum complexes facilitated by polymer-induced heteronucleation.

Polymer-induced heteronucleation was utilized for the selective crystallization of the color polymorphic platinum complexes Pt(bpy)Cl2 and Pt(phen)Cl2. Crystal structures of two polymorphs of Pt(phen)Cl2 were determined and reveal that, as in the case of Pt(bpy)Cl2, this compound has one form with Pt···Pt interactions (orange crystals) and another lacking these contacts (yellow crystals). Free energy measurements reveal that the polymorphs of Pt(bpy)Cl2 and Pt(phen)Cl2 without Pt···Pt interactions are more stable in both cases by 0.67(2) and 0.53(1) kJ/mol, respectively, and this finding is consistent with the principle of close packing. Furthermore, a search of the Cambridge Structural Database reveals that, for polymorphic platinum complexes, shorter intermolecular Pt···Pt interactions generally result in less dense structures.
Priceless: the role of payments in abuse-advertised goods

Large-scale abusive advertising is a profit-driven endeavor. Without consumers purchasing spam-advertised Viagra, search-advertised counterfeit software or malware-advertised fake anti-virus, these campaigns could not be economically justified. Thus, in addition to the numerous efforts focused on identifying and blocking individual abusive advertising mechanisms, a parallel research direction has emerged focused on undermining the associated means of monetization: payment networks. In this paper we explain the complex role of payment processing in monetizing the modern affiliate program ecosystem and characterize the dynamics of these banking relationships over two years within the counterfeit pharmaceutical and software sectors. By opportunistically combining our own active purchasing data with contemporary disruption efforts by brand-holders and payment card networks, we gather the first empirical dataset concerning this approach. We discuss how well such payment interventions work, how abusive merchants respond in kind and the role that the payments ecosystem is likely to play in the future.
On the energy detection of unknown signals in κ-μ and η-μ fading channels with diversity receivers

In this article, we present two distinct moment generating function (MGF) based methods for evaluating the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of diversity-enabled energy detectors in κ-μ and η-μ generalized fading environments and their corresponding area under the ROC curve (AUC) performance measure. In contrast to the existing approaches that are based on either the circular contour integral (i.e., MGF-residue technique) and/or infinite series representations of the generalized Marcum Q-function Qu(.,.), we utilize an exponential-type integral for Qu(.,.) to facilitate the tasks of finding the statistical expectations over the probability density function (PDF) of combiner output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with independent and non-identically distributed (i.n.d) fading statistics and/or correlated diversity paths. The resulting unified analytical expressions are very compact and easy to program/compute.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy and reactivity of thiolate-ligated Fe(III)-OOR complexes.

The reaction of a series of thiolate-ligated iron(II) complexes [FeII([15]aneN4)(SC6H5)]BF4 (1), [FeII([15]aneN4)(SC6H4-p-Cl)]BF4 (2), and [FeII([15]aneN4)(SC6H4-p-NO2)]BF4 (3) with alkylhydroperoxides at low temperature (−78 °C or −40 °C) leads to the metastable alkylperoxo-iron(III) species [FeIII([15]aneN4)(SC6H5)(OOtBu)]BF4 (1a), [FeIII([15]aneN4)(SC6H4-p-Cl)(OOtBu)]BF4 (2a), and [FeIII([15]aneN4)(SC6H4-p-NO2)(OOtBu)]BF4 (3a), respectively. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies were conducted on the FeIII−OOR complexes and their iron(II) precursors. The edge energy for the iron(II) complexes (∼7118 eV) shifts to higher energy upon oxidation by ROOH, and the resulting edge energies for the FeIII−OOR species range from 7121−7125 eV and correlate with the nature of the thiolate donor. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis of the iron(II) complexes 1−3 in CH2Cl2 show that their solid state structures remain intact in solution. The EXAFS data on 1a−3a confirm their proposed struct...
Partial words and the critical factorization theorem revisited

In this paper, we consider one of the most fundamental results on the periodicity of words, namely the critical factorization theorem. Given a word w and nonempty words u,v satisfying w=uv, the minimal local period associated with the factorization (u,v) is the length of the shortest square at position |u|-1. The critical factorization theorem shows that for any word, there is always a factorization whose minimal local period is equal to the minimal period (or global period) of the word. Crochemore and Perrin presented a linear time algorithm (in the length of the word) that finds a critical factorization from the computation of the maximal suffixes of the word with respect to two total orderings on words: the lexicographic ordering related to a fixed total ordering on the alphabet, and the lexicographic ordering obtained by reversing the order of letters in the alphabet. Here, by refining Crochemore and Perrin's algorithm, we give a version of the critical factorization theorem for partial words (such sequences may contain "do not know" symbols or "holes"). Our proof provides an efficient algorithm which computes a critical factorization when one exists. Our results extend those of Blanchet-Sadri and Duncan for partial words with one hole. A World Wide Web server interface at http://www.uncg.edu/mat/research/cft2/ has been established for automated use of the program.
The role of the independent donor advocacy team in the case of a declined living donor candidate.

Many controversies arise when living donor candidates present themselves for consideration as donors for urgent liver transplants. Nonparent living donors for urgent pediatric transplant recipients are a unique donor candidate population with specific considerations that need to be acknowledged and addressed by the independent donor advocacy team. Such a team educates about donation, identifies potential contraindications, examines the distant relationships between donor and recipient, and considers ethical issues about the ability to make an informed decision in an urgent situation. A center for living donation dealt with such ethical issues when a donor candidate with a distant relationship was evaluated for living donation. Multiple relative contraindications were identified, and the donor candidate was declined. Careful management by the independent donor advocacy team is necessary to ensure the psychosocial safety and to provide needed psychosocial support and intervention for donor candidates with p...
Management of Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is successful for the treatment of severe osteoarthritis of the knee. However, TKA patients often experience moderate to severe postoperative pain. In the perioperative period the type of anesthesia, the surgical approach, and the use of local anesthetics and analgesics affect postoperative pain management. Optimum pain management requires action at all stages of the TKA process and begins preoperatively with patient education. Preemptive analgesia is used to prevent the pathologic pain caused by incisional and inflammatory injury. Anesthesia is used to inhibit intraoperative neural impulses from reaching the central nervous system. The midvastus surgical approach has shown positive results in decreasing postoperative pain and in increasing functional outcome. Postoperative pain is potentially best managed with a multimodal approach that blocks pain perception at a variety of sites in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Treatment options include combinations of systemic analgesics and/or regional analgesia, with or without opioids. Multimodal pain management approaches have proven effective by reducing pain, narcotic usage, length of hospital stay, and the side effects associated with anesthesia and narcotic analgesics. Any pain management approach used should be the product of collaboration between physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and patients.
Five Fraction Image-Guided Radiosurgery for Primary and Recurrent Meningiomas

Purpose: Benign tumors that arise from the meninges can be difficult to treat due to their potentially large size and proximity to critical structures such as cranial nerves and sinuses. Single fraction radiosurgery may increase the risk of symptomatic peritumoral edema. In this study, we report our results on the efficacy and safety of five fraction image-guided radiosurgery for benign meningiomas. Materials/Methods: Clinical and radiographic data from 38 patients treated with five fraction radiosurgery were reviewed retrospectively. Mean tumor volume was 3.83mm3 (range, 1.08-20.79 mm3). Radiation was delivered using the CyberKnife, a frameless robotic image-guided radiosurgery system with a median total dose of 25 Gy (range, 25 Gy-35 Gy). Results: The median follow-up was 20 months. Acute toxicity was minimal with eight patients (21%) requiring a short course of steroids for headache at the end of treatment. Pre-treatment neurological symptoms were present in 24 patients (63.2%). Post treatment, neurological symptoms resolved completely in 14 patients (58.3%), and were persistent in eight patients (33.3%). There were no local failures, 24 tumors remained stable (64%) and 14 regressed (36%). Pre-treatment peritumoral edema was observed in five patients (13.2%). Post-treatment asymptomatic peritumoral edema developed in five additional patients (13.2%). On multivariate analysis, pre-treatment peritumoral edema and location adjacent to a large vein were significant risk factors for radiographic post-treatment edema (p = 0.001 and p = 0.026 respectively). Conclusions: These results suggest that five fraction image-guided radiosurgery is well tolerated with a response rate for neurologic symptoms that is similar to other standard treatment options. Rates of peritumoral edema and new cranial nerve deficits following five fraction radiosurgery were low. Longer follow-up is required to validate the safety and long-term effectiveness of this treatment approach.