cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ODA and SGML: an assessment of co-existence possibilities

Abstract Given the existence of two standards for text processing systems that accomplish similar goals, with similar means, but dissimilar results, the authors seek to reconcile the two. Office Document Architecture (ODA) and Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) are found to have no fundamental incompatibilities, opening the way to either formally melding them into a single internationally recognized standard or through practical implementations forming a de facto standard that encompasses both. The conclusion is that the latter is most likely to occur, but in any case either is preferable to the current situation.
Molecular mechanics (MM4) studies of carboxylic acids, esters, and lactones

MM4 force-field calculations have been extended to carboxylic acids, esters, and lactones. The related parameters were determined mainly by fitting to available experimental data and high-level ab initio calculations on simple molecules. The structures of the training-set molecules were well-reproduced with a rms errors of 0.005 A for bond lengths and 0.8° for bond angles. The moments of inertia for 12 simple molecules of the title class were fit to the experimental (microwave) values with an overall rms error of 0.32%. The vibrational spectra were significantly improved from previous force-field calculations, with a rms error of 19 cm - 1 for 74 frequencies of 5 compounds. The conformational equilibria and rotational barriers were also fit, approximately within experimental error. Although the calculated heats of formation for the carboxyl acids and esters were also improved relative to values in earlier work (MM3), the standard deviation of the heats for 30 selected compounds is still high (0.67 kcal/mol) compared to those for other classes of compounds previously studied with MM4.
The effect of clinical and social factors on the discharge of chronic psychiatric patients

1. Long-stay patients who had been discharged from one psychiatric hospital were compared with long-stay residents at the same hospital by means of a clinical rating of severity of illness. — 2. The discharged patients tended to have less severe illness, but among patients with only moderate symptoms no correlation was found between rating and discharge. — 3. Two groups of patients with moderate symptoms, one discharged and the other resident, were compared in respect of sex, age and marital state, diagnosis, previous admission and duration of stay in hospital. — 4. The resident group contained a significantly larger number of unmarried persons and the average duration of stay was significantly longer than that of the discharged group. Men under 40 were more likely to be discharged, but no other item was significantly different between the two groups. — 5. Matched pairs of discharged and resident patients with moderate symptoms were compared on several indices of social competence and contact with community life. — 6. In a significantly larger number of discordant pairs the discharged partner had an uncommitted relative living (usually a parent) and more numerous and durable community bonds. — 7. These findings are compared with those of other authors and their significance is discussed.
Turbulent flow through screens

A detailed experimental investigation has been carried out on the effects of different types of screens on turbulent flow, in particular turbulent boundary layers. The effect of a screen on a turbulent boundary layer is to give it a 'new lease of life'. The boundary layer turbulence is reorganized and the thickness reduced, thus making it less susceptible to separation. The aerodynamic properties of plastic screens are found to differ significantly from those of the conventional metal screens, evidently because of differences in the weaving properties. The 'overshoot' in mean velocity profile near the boudnary layer edge is shown to be a result of the effect of screen inclination on pressure drop coefficient. A more accurate formulation for the deflection coefficient of a screen is also proposed.
Universal Screening and Drug Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents

VER THE LAST FEW DECADES, THE THEORY THAT adultdiseasesbegininchildhoodhasbeenwidely discussed.Smoking,themostcommonunderlyingcauseofdeathforadultsintheUnitedStates, beginsbeforetheageof18yearsinthemajorityofadultsmokers. Obesity has become the largest health problem in the United States, and the difficulty of long-term weight loss for obesechildrenandadolescentsmeansthatmanyofthemwill beoverweightasadults.Therationaleforconsideringcardiovascular disease prevention efforts in childhood is compelling. Not only do risk factors track from childhood into adult life, but the development and progression of atherosclerosis, whichoftenstartsinchildhood,arealsodirectlyrelatedtothe number of risk factors and their severity. The recent report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute(NHLBI)ExpertPanelonIntegratedGuidelinesfor CardiovascularHealthandRiskReductioninChildrenandAdolescents 1 reviewsallthemajorcardiovasculardiseaseriskfactors and makes recommendations about their management. There is good evidence for the recommendations on screening for tobacco use and hypertension during childhood and adolescencetopreventlatercardiovasculardisease.Themost controversialrecommendationislikelytobeuniversalscreeningforlipidlevelsinchildrenat9to11yearsofageandagain at17to21yearsofage.InthenewNHLBIguidelines,highlevelsoflipidsinchildrenarelinkedtorecommendationsabout bothbehavioralanddrugtherapies.Therobustevidencethat high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are a cause of atherosclerosis and clinical events is not matched bysimilarlevelsofevidencethatlong-term,perhapslifelong, drug treatment in young children is effective and safe. In adults, the health benefits of statins are well demonstrated. In a meta-analysis of 10 primary prevention clinical trials, statin use was associated with a 30% reduction (95% CI, 19%-39%) in coronary events and a 12% reduction (95% CI, 4%-19%) in total mortality. 2 Recent trials, meta-analyses, andlipidtreatmentguidelinessupportnotonlymoreaggressivestatintherapyinhigh-riskindividualsbutalsotheexpan
In situ reaction monitoring of microwave-mediated reactions using IR spectroscopy

An IR probe has been interfaced with a scientific microwave unit, this allowing for real-time in situ monitoring of microwave-assisted reactions using IR spectroscopy. A number of organic transformations have been probed and the apparatus shown to work effectively as a tool for qualitative studies.
Parental Perceptions of Hearing Loss Classification in Children

Hearing loss classification scales are commonly used to explain audiometric findings to the parents of children with hearing loss. These scales, however, have little or no scientific basis. In this...
Imaging of choledochal cysts

Choledochal cysts are rare cystic dilatations of the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic biliary tree, which may be mistaken for other cystic lesions if their characteristic features are not recognized. The etiology is unknown, and likely multifactorial, and it is uncertain whether they are congenital or acquired. Multiple imaging modalities can be used to diagnose choledochal cysts, including ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. MRCP has replaced the more invasive techniques as the gold standard of diagnosis. In addition, MRCP is helpful in detecting an abnormal pancreaticobiliary junction, which is seen in the majority of choledochal cysts. Reaching a correct diagnosis is essential, given the associated risk of complications, including cholangitis, biliary strictures, stones, and malignancy, and accurately assessing the location and length of involvement is important for surgical planning. This review aims to familiarize radiologists with the different types of choledochal cysts and their imaging features according to the Todani classification.
BEAM allogeneic transplantation for patients with Hodgkin's disease who relapse after autologous transplantation is safe and effective

Abstract Because few patients failing autologous transplantation for Hodgkin's disease survive long-term, we explored reduced-intensity allografts using BEAM conditioning and early withdrawal of immunosuppression as an alternative to palliative chemotherapy. Ten patients with Hodgkin's disease underwent an allograft, receiving either matched sibling peripheral blood stem cells (5), partially matched sibling bone marrow (1), or matched unrelated bone marrow (4). Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was mini-methotrexate and FK-506 with weaning at day 60. The median age of patients was 35 years (range: 21 to 49 years). The median time from initial diagnosis was 73 months (range: 12 to 172 months) and from autograft was 49 months (range: 5 to 143 months). One patient was in CR, 5 patients were in partial remission, 3 were in relapse, and 1 patient had primary refractory disease. All patients' transplants engrafted rapidly, and the 100-day mortality was 0. Two patients developed acute GVHD. Five of the 9 patients beyond 100 days have developed mild chronic GVHD, of which 1 case was progressive and required systemic therapy. All 10 responded: 8 complete responses and 2 partial remissions. Three patients have relapsed (at 2, 6, and 8 months, respectively), 1 has died at 4 months. At a mean of 12 months (range: 1 to 21 months) after allograft, 9 of 10 patients are alive, with 7 in continuous remission. BEAM allogeneic transplantation with early reduction in immunosuppression is safe (no treatment-related deaths) and effective in advanced Hodgkin's disease where autografts have failed. A graft versus lymphoma effect appears to be a significant contributing factor in responding patients. © 2003 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 9:177-182 (2003)
AI and law: a fruitful synergy

AI and Law is a classic field for AI research: it poses difficult and interesting problems for AI, and its projects inform both AI and its focal domain, the law itself. This special issue reports on a range of projects, from those where the law motivates fundamental research and whose results reach beyond the legal domain, to those that partake of the benefits of techniques and wisdom from AI as a whole. For instance, projects tackling legal argument have not only created programs that produce legal arguments but also led to insights and advances in the logic of argumentation. Projects with an applications bent have often provided insights about the limitations and nuances of existing techniques, and have served as the catalysts for developing new approaches. For instance, harnessing models of legal argument to teach law students how to argue has led to refinements to and extensions of the models. There is a synergy not only between law and AI, but also between AI and AI and Law. In fact, the work on Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) done in the AI and Law community provided one of the most important streams of results that contributed to the birth of that area in the mid-1980s. Currently, work on legal argumentation is having a similar impact on the international non-standard logic and argumentation communities. AI and Law is much more than an applications area. Its concerns touch upon issues at the very heart of AI: reasoning, representation, and learning. For the AI researcher interested in symbolic methods—or methods of whatever stripe—that are focused on providing explanations and justifications, AI and Law is an excellent arena. No matter how a reasoner arrives at a legal answer it must be explained, justified, compared to and contrasted with alternatives. For the researcher interested in topics like negotiation, decision-making, e-commerce, natural language, information retrieval and extraction, and data mining, AI and Law is a rich source of problems and inspiration.
Energy levels of highly excited muonic atoms

Energy levels of muonic atom states with high principal quantum number are examined. A Thomas-Fermi type treatment is used in all but the lightest atoms to take account of the effects of electron shielding. Transition energies of the muon are compared to electron binding energies, and implications for muon lifetimes are discussed. The splitting of angular momentum substates is explicitly studied; transitions with no change in principal quantum number are unlikely to be important. Effective charges for the muon are computed. The possibility of an absorptive component of the muon potential is raised.
Coherent Excitation of Acoustic Breathing Modes in Bimetallic Core−Shell Nanoparticles

The low-frequency acoustic breathing modes in Au−Pb core−shell nanoparticles have been studied by time-resolved spectroscopy. The frequency of the breathing mode was determined for a series of samples with a 47 nm diameter Au core and Pb shells of different thickness. The measured frequencies decrease with increasing Pb content, but not to the extent expected from a classical model for a homogeneous sphere. These results show that the acoustic breathing modes of metallic core−shell particles are significantly perturbed when the two metals have different elastic properties.
Emotional Pain in Learning: Applying Group analytic Experience in Non-Clinical Fields

This paper considers the implications of emotional pain in learning and personal change. Such pain is a characteristic feature of the experiential group and one which therapists take for granted. Pain is also a feature of professional training and development in areas such as management and teaching, but one which is not acknowledged. A theory of emotions in learning and personal change in professional development would be helpful in applying group analysis to non-clinical fields.
Cardiospasm: Successful treatment by esophagogastrostomy

1. The successful use of esophagogastrostomy with consequent relief of symptoms is reported after conservative measures were ineffective in a case of long standing cardiospasm (achalasia) complicated by tortuous dilatation and diverticulum formation. 2. The degree of clinical improvement noted following operation was in contrast to the comparative lack of change in the appearance of the lesion as seen in post-operative roentgenograms. 3. Esophagogastrostomy appears to be the operation of choice when the surgical approach to the treatment of cardiospasm must be considered.
Enzymatic synthesis of [6-14C]orotidine 5′-monophosphate and its use in the assay of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotidylate decarboxylase

Abstract A rapid and efficient method is described for the synthesis of [6-14C]orotidine 5′-monophosphate from radioactive orotic acid using purified yeast orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and inorganic pyrophosphatase. Radioactive orotidine 5′-monophosphate is purified by ion exchange chromatography and employed in small scale assays of Drosophila orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotldylate decarboxylase in which both enzyme activities are simultaneously measured in single reaction mixtures. Radioactive substrate and products are separated for counting using DEAE-cellulose paper chromatograms developed in one or two solvents.
Relationship Between Milk and Fat Production, Type, and Stayability in Holstein Sire Evaluation

Abstract Evaluations for milk, fat, 48- and 72-mo stayability, and official type classification on 1,053 Holstein sires from the United States and Canada were analyzed for relationships between sire evaluations for these traits. Although sire evaluations have been modified in both the Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison and the method by which type evaluations are calculated, correlations between milk and 48- and 72-mo stayability were .27 and .35, which indicates milk yield and stayability are positively correlated. Predicted difference final score and stayability were unrelated. Milk evaluations and predicted difference type had a correlation of −.26. Regressions predicting 48- and 72-mo stayability indicated milk alone accounted for 8 to 13% of variation in sire evaluations for stayability. Within the top 10% of the sires for milk yield, predicted difference type accounted for 7 to 11% of stayability variation, but milk and stayability evaluations were unrelated. Stayability differences between sires in the top 15% for transmitting particular trait characteristics and remaining sires were small, never exceeding 3% of the mean of the stayability evaluations.
Participatory route planning

We present an approach to "participatory route planning," a novel concept that takes advantage of mobile devices, such as cellular phones or embedded systems in cars, to form an interactive, participatory network of vehicles that plan their travel routes based on the current traffic conditions and existing routes planned by the network of participants, thereby making more informed travel decision for each participating user. The premise of this approach is that a route, or plan, for a vehicle is also a prediction of where the car will travel. If routes are created for a sizable percentage of the total vehicle population, an estimate for the overall traffic pattern is attainable. Taking planned routes into account as predictions allows the entire traffic route planning system to better distribute vehicles and minimize traffic congestion. We present an approach that is suitable for realistic, city-scale scenarios, a prototype system to demonstrate feasibility, and experiments using a state-of-the-art microscopic traffic simulator.
Postoperative myositis in reoperated extraocular muscles.

Purpose To report on a series of patients who developed orbital myositis following routine strabismus surgery. Methods A retrospective medical record review of patients who developed myositis following routine strabismus surgery. Surgery was performed on all patients between 1998 and 2003 by a single pediatric ophthalmologist (SMA). Results Four patients developed orbital myositis following routine strabismus surgery. All four cases were reoperations. Symptoms of myositis developed at a mean of 21 days after surgery (range, 4-34). In the initial patient, the diagnosis of myositis was based on clinical and computed tomography findings. The clinical course of the three subsequent patients was similar to that of the radiologically confirmed case. In all cases, the diagnosis was supported by rapid resolution after treatment with systemic corticosteroids. Conclusions Orbital myositis is a previously unreported complication of strabismus surgery. Reoperation appears to be a predisposing factor.
Effect of naphthalene on color changes of the sand fiddler crab, Uca pugilator.

Abstract 1. 1. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene, inhibited the melanin dispersion, which normally occurs in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator , during the dark phase of its circadian rhythm of color change. 2. 2. Naphthalene produced this inhibition no matter whether the melanin was fully aggregated or more or less dispersed at the time of initial exposure. 3. 3. Inhibition of the circadian melanin dispersion does not appear to be due to a direct action of naphthalene on the melanophores. 4. 4. This inhibition was concentration-dependent with acute daily exposure. 5. 5. Naphthalene does not, however, inhibit melanin dispersion in response to a black background, indicating thereby that naphthalene-exposed crabs continue to synthesize melanin-dispersing hormone and norepinephrine.
Conventional meniscal repair techniques

The sequelae of total meniscectomy leading to degenerative joint disease of the knee has been well documented. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy can also lead to arthritis depending on the magnitude of resection, limb alignment, and presence of knee instability. This has lead to the concept of meniscal preservation. Over the past 2 decades, meniscus repair has become much more commonly performed. The conventional techniques of meniscal repair include open, inside-out, outside-in, and all-inside. Although these techniques do have inherent surgical complexity, they remain the "gold standards" against which newer techniques must be measured. Conventional techniques to repair a torn meniscus require a thorough understanding of the anatomy, a familiarity with the specialized equipment, and an understanding of the optimal condition for meniscal healing. The authors review these techniques, the indications for repair, and the dangers associated with meniscal repair.
Psychiatric disorders and motor vehicle accidents

The literature has often suggested a relationship between psychiatric illness and increased risk for motor vehicle accidents but few data exist, particularly those from prospective or case-controlled studies. The present study examined detailed accident and injury data from a large series (N = 1778) of motor vehicle crashes that included persons with diagnoses of psychiatric illnesses (n = 17); matched controls were also studied. As expected, drivers with psychiatric diagnoses used psychotropic medications more frequently than did controls. Drivers with psychiatric diagnoses did not have more frequent single-car crashes, unsafe speed or failure to yield violations, or less restraint use than did controls. Such drivers did less often drive motorcycles and tended to be less often cited for alcohol use. Implications of these results for efforts toward prevention and for further study are discussed.
Characterization of metal-sulfide-coated hollow glass waveguides

Hollow glass waveguides (HGWs) have been fabricated with CdS and PbS dielectric coatings deposited on Ag. HGWs were fabricated with both single layer CdS and PbS coatings on Ag and with multilayer CdS/PbS coatings on Ag. The straight and bending losses for the Ag/metal-sulfide HGWs have been measured at 10.6 μm. Single layer Ag/metal-sulfide HGWs have theoretical losses comparable to the traditional Ag/AgI fibers, but the transmission range can be extended to wavelengths as short as 500 nm for CdS films. The use of multiple metal-sulfide layers can reduce the losses substantially, with a theoretical 3-fold reduction in loss using a 3 layer CdS/PbS/CdS stack. The measured losses of metal/metal-sulfide HGWs are higher than predicted by theory. A single layer CdS HGW has a loss 3-4 times higher than Ag/AgI. A single layer Ag/PbS HGW has a loss 8 times higher than Ag/AgI. A 3-layer Ag/CdS/PbS/CdS have a loss 50% lower than single layer Ag/CdS
Relationship of Sex Separation to Individual Variation in Body Weight and to Experimental Error

Abstract Becker and Berg (1959) examined the relationship between experimental sensitivity and the genetic structure of the experimental population and its environment. Using body weight data from chickens up to 8 weeks of age, they concluded the phenotypic variance of sexes raised separately was less than for the mixed sexes. Their results indicated an increase in experimental efficiency in nutrition experiments may be obtained by brooding each sex separately. Experimental error may be divided arbitrarily into three portions: first, the variation inherent in an experimental population to which the treatments are applied; second, the variation which arises within treatments as a result of the treatment influence; and third, that variation arising from non-treatment environmental effects being unevenly distributed within the experiment. Acknowledging the presence of the third portion in all experimental work, the objective of this study was to observe the influence of raising sexes separately and mixed on the inherent …
Smoking status among women in households with young children.

purpose. To identify sociodemographic and health-related correlates of smoking status among women in households with young children. design. A secondary analysis of the 1992 California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System public-use data tape participants. Women (N = 520) in households with very young children (≤ 5 years of age) main outcome measures. Current smoking status results. Approximately 18% were current smokers; more than 40% smoked more than 10 cigarettes each day. A majority of smokers indicated a high level of nicotine addiction, but had plans to quit. Smoking prevalence varied by sociodemographic variables with higher rates for unmarried, less than college educated, and unemployed participants. Health status also was related to smoking, with higher rates among those with poor health and those limited in activities. conclusions. Smoking is one way of coping with the stressors of daily life, including those associated with caring for young children. Special cessation efforts may be needed for the unemployed, the unmarried woman, and for those in poor health.
Should the Combined and Predominantly Inattentive Types of ADHD Be Considered Distinct and Unrelated Disorders? Not Now, at Least

The proposal of Milich, Balentine, and Lynam in this issue that the combined and predominantly inattentive types of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) be considered distinct and unrelated disorders is well-conceived and important. Given the current state of the empirical literature on this aspect of the taxonomy of ADHD, however, their proposal can neither be accepted nor rejected at this time. Their proposal should stimulate new research that can resolve this issue. Vexing measurement issues that would make it difficult to create a stable diagnostic boundary between two such putative disorders must be addressed, however, and care must be taken to avoid creating a new diagnostic category that confuses the taxonomy of anxiety and depression.
Pavlovian conditioning of the tickle response of human subjects : temporal and delay conditioning

Previous studies of the human response to a tickle have demonstrated that subjects will respond to a gesture that signals the onset of a tickle in the same way as to a tickle. Researchers have described this anticipatory response as an “expectation.” In the current study, we investigated, from the Pavlovian framework, the response to a verbal stimulus preceding the tickle stimulus. We exposed subjects to experimental phases which included the Neutral Stimulus Alone, 100% Pairing of the Neutral and Unconditioned Stimuli (tickle strokes to the foot), Random Presentation, Partial (75%) Reinforcement, and Temporal Conditioning. Pavlovian conditioning was observed in all phases, suggesting a parsimonious explanation for the expectation effect described by others.
Formation of Interfaces in Incompatible Polymer Blends: A Dynamical Mean Field Study

The interdiffusion dynamics of a polymer interface towards its equilibrium profile is studied using a dynamical mean field method, in which the nonequilibrium chemical potentials are evaluated numerically using the full polymer mean field free energy. Our results demonstrated that the interfacial width grows as t 1/4 at early times and saturates to the equilibrium thickness at long times, in agreement with previous, more approximate analysis based on Cahn-Hilliard-type theories. Furthermore, we show that the dynamical exponent can only be obtained unequivocally via a scaling analysis. The interdiffusion of a polymer interface in the single phase regime is also studied.
Institutionalizing Identity: Symbolic Isomorphism and Organizational Names

An organization's identity, symbolized by its corporate name, is rooted in institutional fields. We advance the construct of symbolic isomorphism, or the resemblance of an organization's symbolic a...
Influence of Feedback on Business Students' Perceptions of Written Communication Difficulties.

Abstract This study investigated a diagnostic and instructional framework for written communication. Eighty composition and technical writing aspects were tracked during sequences in a collegiate business communications course. Data were compared regarding assessment of student-generated written messages and student perceptions of aspects according to difficulty, both pre- and postassessment. The average convergence of students' perceived difficulties and assessed deficiencies increased by 30% between pre- and postassessment perception rankings, with technical aspects converging to a greater extent than composition aspects.
Electrochemically Controlled Release of Drug Ions from Conducting Polymers

Abstract The binding and release of organic ions from conducting polymer films can be controlled electrochemically.
Composite pheochromocytoma-ganglioneuroma: a rare experiment of nature.

ABSTRACT Objective To present a rare case of composite pheochromocytoma-ganglioneuroma (Pheo-GN) of the adrenal medulla, review the related literature, and discuss the clinical features, pathologic findings, behavior, and management of such tumors. Methods A case report of a patient with composite Pheo-GN of the adrenal gland is presented. Using the online database PUBMED, we searched and analyzed all cases of composite pheochromocytoma reported in the English-language literature during the past 70 years. Results On computed tomography, a 61-year-old man was incidentally found to have a 3.8-cm nonadenomatous right adrenal lesion. Adrenalectomy revealed a 5-cm mass consistent with composite Pheo-GN. To date, 45 cases of composite pheochromocytomas have been reported during the past 70 years, 71% of which coexisted with ganglioneuromas. These tumors occurred with approximately equal frequency in male and female patients, the majority of whom were from 40 to 60 years old. Only 14 cases have been reported in the United States. Bilateral tumors were found in 3 cases. The mean size was 4 to 6 cm. Preoperatively, functional evidence was found in 76.3% of all composite pheochromocytomas (and in 67% of Pheo-GN). Only one Pheo-GN was found to have liver metastatic lesions at the time of autopsy; the rest were not aggressive. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first literature review describing the characteristics and behavior of all reported cases of composite pheochromocytomas, with an emphasis on those with ganglioneuromas. Composite pheochromocytoma is a rare variant of a relatively uncommon disease diagnosed by pathologists only. Fortunately, the treatment of such an entity remains the same as for any pheochromocytoma. (Endocr Pract. 2010;16:291-299)
Is Adolescent Suicidal Ideation Continuous or Categorical? A Taxometric Analysis

Despite the strong association between suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior, a relative minority of ideators transition to attempting suicide. Clarifying the latent structure of suicidal ideation has direct implications for theory, as well as suicidal risk assessment and prevention efforts. Taxometric analysis is a statistical technique specifically designed to assess whether a latent construct is taxonic (i.e., categorical) or continuous (i.e., dimensional) in nature. Although this statistical approach has been increasingly used over the past decade to elucidate the latent structure of various forms of psychopathology and related risk factors, there are no taxometric studies to date of suicidal ideation. The aim of the current project is to apply taxometric methods to a sample of clinically depressed, treatment-seeking adolescents (n = 334). Current suicidal ideation was measured using the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-Jr., (SIQ-Jr.). The results of two mathematically non-redundant taxometric approaches (i.e., MAXEIG and L-Mode) are consistent with a continuous latent structure for suicidal ideation. The current findings suggest that suicidal ideation in depressed adolescents is dimensional. The implication of these findings for research, theory, and suicidal risk assessment strategies are discussed.
Mps1 defines a proximal blastemal proliferative compartment essential for zebrafish fin regeneration.

One possible reason why regeneration remains enigmatic is that the dominant organisms used for studying regeneration are not amenable to genetic approaches. We mutagenized zebrafish and screened for temperature-sensitive defects in adult fin regeneration. The nightcap mutant showed a defect in fin regeneration that was first apparent at the onset of regenerative outgrowth. Positional cloning revealed that nightcap encodes the zebrafish orthologue of mps1 , a kinase required for the mitotic checkpoint. mps1 expression was specifically induced in the proximal regeneration blastema, a group of cells that normally proliferate intensely during outgrowth. The nightcap mutation caused severe defects in these cells. However, msxb -expressing blastemal cells immediately distal to this proliferative region did not induce mps1 and were retained in mutants. These results indicate that the proximal blastema comprises an essential subpopulation of the fin regenerate defined by the induction and function of Mps1. Furthermore, we show that molecular mechanisms of complex tissue regeneration can now be dissected using zebrafish genetics.
School-based Telerehabilitation In Occupational Therapy: Using Telerehabilitation Technologies to Promote Improvements in Student Performance

This article discusses the use of telerehabilitation technologies in occupational therapy for school-based practice. Telerehabilitation, for the purpose of this program, included the implementation of occupational therapy services via two-way interactive videoconferencing technology. The subjects included in this pilot program were children, ages 6 to 11 years, who attended an online charter school and had difficulties in the areas of fine motor and/or visual motor skills which impacted success with handwriting. Each participant completed a virtual evaluation and six 30-minute intervention sessions. The Print Tool™ Assessment was used to determine progress pre- and post-program. A learning coach/student satisfaction survey was given at the end of the program to determine participant satisfaction. Outcomes revealed improvements in handwriting performance for most students who participated in the program and high satisfaction rates reported by all participants.
The Damaging Potential of Leukocyte Activation in the Microcirculation

Traditionally leukocytes have been regarded as beneficial cells, owing to their immunologic and antimicrobial activity. Recent evidence suggests, however, an additional role of granulocytes and monocytes as mediators of cardiovascular complications, such as ischemia, reperfusion, diabetes, physiologic shock, venous ulceration, and other conditions. Granulocytes and monocytes have a large volume, and stiff cytoplasm; they have the ability to adhere to endothelium and to other substrates; and they exert several forms of cytotoxicity. Granulocytes and monocytes may be trapped in the microcirculation, may obstruct capillaries and thereby induce a no-reflow phenomenon, and may initiate organ dysfunction via oxygen free radical production and proteolytic cleavage. Few organs seem to be spared from the potential destructive actions of these cells, and novel approaches are required to interfere with leukocyte accumulation in local regions of the peripheral circulation.
Evaluation of Rhizoctonia zeae as a potential biological control option for fungal root diseases of sugar beet

Several common root diseases routinely damage sugar beet in Nebraska and other production areas of the Central High Plains, and it is becoming more common to find fields infested simultaneously with multiple pathogens. Owing to the shortage of available fungicides for economic management of soilborne diseases, alternative techniques such as biological control are increasingly being sought for disease management. Over the last several years, unidentified, sterile fungi have been isolated in conjunction with pathogens from infected sugar beet roots and seedlings. At least two promising isolates have been identified from in vitro assays that inhibit the radial growth of multiple sugar beet root pathogens, including Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. betae, Phoma betae and Pythium aphanidermatum. Based on morphological and molecular characterisation, two isolates, ‘Hall’ and ‘R47’, were putatively identified as Rhizoctonia zeae. In vitro pathogenicity testing indicated that these isolates were not pathogens of sugar beet. Both isolates were compared with the well-established biological control fungus Laetisaria arvalis and tested as potential treatments in a field naturally infested with multiple sugar beet root diseases. Data indicated that these fungi provided some level of protection against a complex of soilborne diseases and suggest that these isolates could have a potential fit in an integrative management strategy for several sugar beet root diseases.
On the Fundamental Limits of Topology Control in Ad Hoc Networks

We prove two results that provide new fundamental limits for topology control in large ad hoc and sensor networks. First, we show that it remains true under very general conditions that the maximum expected node degree must grow to infinity at least logarithmically if we want to maintain asymptotic connectivity. This has been known so far only for much more special models than ours. Building on this result, we prove a new fundamental limit regarding link dynamics, which means the worst case length ratio of the longest and shortest link adjacent to the same node. We prove that if link dynamics remains bounded, then no topology control algorithm can keep a large network connected with high probability. Moreover, bounded link dynamics prevents connectivity in the limit without any a priori assumption on node degrees or transmission ranges. Our results hold in a model that is much more general than the frequently used assumption of uniformly distributed nodes in a regularly shaped planar domain. Our more abstract setting also aims at finding (hopefully) more robust and elegant proofs that have less dependence on the special geometry. Since link dynamics is expected to be bounded in practice, the results strenghten the theoretical basis for the argument that a very large ad hoc or sensor network is unable to maintain connectivity if it has a flat, random organization without additional structure.
Affirmative Action and the Issue of Expectancies

The goal of affirmative action policies, the elimination of racial and sexual inequality, generates at least public agreement among most Americans, but affirmative action methods remain controversial, even among their intended beneficiaries. Affirmative action programs are criticized for reinforcing rather than dissolving racial and sexual barriers, and for making social categories salient. Further, if affirmative action programs appear to involve a lowering of standards, negative expectancies will be attached to minority status, some people will believe that those who were hired under affirmative action are less qualified than those who were not, and these beliefs may elicit corresponding differences in performance. The empirical evidence shows that affirmative action can have negative effects on expectancies and behavior; such outcomes, however, are not inevitable. When compared with “equal opportunity” policies, well-designed affirmative action programs offer clear advantages to the members of target groups.
Generation of committed erythroid BFU-E and CFU-E progenitors does not require erythropoietin or the erythropoietin receptor

Erythropoietin (EPO) is the principal growth factor regulating the production of circulating erythrocytes. We introduced null mutations into both Epo and the EPO receptor (EpoR) gene. Both heterozygotes appeared normal. Homozygous animals exhibited reduced primitive erythropoiesis and died around embryonic day 13, owing to failure of definitive fetal liver erythropoiesis. Both types of mutations exhibited identical phenotypes, indicating that EPO and the EPOR are crucial for definitive erythropoiesis in vivo and that no other ligands or receptors can replace them. Committed erythroid BFU-E and CFU-E progenitors were present in both homozygous fetal livers. Thus, neither EPO nor the EPOR is required for erythroid lineage commitment or for the proliferation and differentiation of BFU-E to CFU-E progenitors. EPO and the EPOR are crucial in vivo for the proliferation and survival of CFU-E progenitors and their irreversible terminal differentiation.
Stepwise Evolution of DNA‐Programmable Nanoparticle Superlattices

Colloidal crystals can be assembled using a variety of entropic, depletion, electrostatic, or biorecognition forces and provide a convenient model system for studying crystal growth. Although superlattices with diverse geometries can be assembled in solution and on surfaces, the incorporation of specific bonding interactions between particle building blocks and a substrate would significantly enhance control over the growth process. The growth of DNA-mediated mono- and multi-layered nanoparticle structures was first examined by our group and later by Niemeyer and co-workers. Attractive interparticle forces were mediated with DNA-linkers that displayed hetero-complementary pendent “sticky ends”. An interesting aspect of this novel system is that one can track the crystal phases present as a function of the substrate linker ratio.
LANGUAGE DESIGN FOR RELATIONAL MODEL MANAGEMENT

Within the past decade there has emerged a small but growing literature suggesting that (1) decision models, like data, are an important organizational resource that should be managed effectively, (2) a discipline of model management be developed to guide managers in the performance of this task, and (3) software systems, called model management systems, should be implemented to assist in the application of this emerging discipline.(1–9) That the thinking in this area has not coalesced into a unified view is not surprising, for no such coalescence has occurred in the far more established discipline of data base management. One of several propositions put forth is that the relational view of data, which has given rise during the past decade to an outpouring of theoretical research and several implemented systems, be extended to model management. It is suggested that just as a database may be viewed as a set of relations with key and content attributes and appropriate functional dependencies between them, so also may a model bank (as it is called) be viewed as a set of relations with input and output attributes and with appropriate functional dependencies.(10)
Coresident Extended Kin and Time Allocation Among Employed Mothers in Mexico

The proportion of mothers living without male partners is growing fast in Mexico, and time is a valuable resource determining their quality of life. Using the 2002 Mexican Family Life Survey (N = 1,818), the author examined the effects of coresident extended household members on time allocation by employed mothers. Results indicate that female extended kin have greater influence than male kin on the time allocation of single mothers in Mexico. Female extended household members also play more important roles in making activity time available for single mothers than for mothers with partners. This study supports the hypothesis that household extension functions as a safety net for employed single mothers facing time and material constraints in Mexico.
Model based information access

The engineering data of a large enterprise is typically distributed over a wide area and archived in a variety of databases and file systems. Access to such information is crucial to a team member, particularly in a concurrent engineering setting. However, this is not easy, because (1) a model of the relevant information is not available, and (2) there is no simple way to access the information without being knowledgeable about various computer data formats, file systems, and networks. The authors have developed a system called the Information Sharing System (ISS) to enable access to diverse and distributed information within a corporation. Such data could be stored in different repositories such as databases and file systems including those that contain multiple media. The paper describes the methodology fo the ISS, the details of the implementation nd extensions planned for the future. >
Error in statistical tests of error in statistical tests

Background A recent paper found that terminal digits of statistical values in Nature deviated significantly from an equiprobable distribution, indicating errors or inconsistencies in rounding. This finding, as well as the discovery that a large percentage of p values were inconsistent with reported test statistics, led to a great deal of concern in the popular press and scientific community. The findings ultimately led to new guidelines for all Nature Research Journals.
Nonlinear dynamics of circular-grating distributed-feedback semiconductor devices

We report numerical results for the spatiotemporal dynamics of circular-grating distributed-feedback devices with an intensity-dependent refractive index. For the specific geometry and range of variables considered, we find that modulational instabilities do not propagate in these structures. This is due to the 1/r intensity distribution associated with cylindrical waves, which reduces the effectiveness of the self- and cross-phase-modulation nonlinearities.
Power Law Solutions for Vertical Plumes

This paper investigates solutions to the problem of a vertically rising turbulent plume generated when a source of light fluid is introduced into a heavier ambient fluid of large extent. The particular solutions considered are those in which the plume width, maximum velocity, and maximum density deficiency can be expressed as a simple power of the vertical distance. It is found that this type of solution exists not only for the well-known cases of point and line sources in a uniform ambient fluid, but also for certain cases of: (1) a finite area source in a uniform ambient fluid; and (2) a point, line or finite area source in a stably and unstably stratified fluid.
Effect of Fast Neutron Irradiation on Fatigue-Crack Growth Behavior of Three Nickel-Base Alloys

Nickel-base alloys are often employed in reactor structural applications where high strength, resistance to corrosion, or swelling resistance are important considerations. In this study, fatigue-crack growth rate tests were conducted at 427/degree/C on Inconel 600, Inconel X-750, and Incoloy 800 irradiated in the Experimental Breeder Reactor II to total fluences ranging between 2.5 and 6.0*10/sup 22/ n/cm/sup 2/. Following irradiation, minor increases were noted in the crack growth rates of Inconel 600, minor decreases in the growth rates of Inconel X-750, and no irradiation effect in the cracking behavior of Incoloy 800. 14 refs.
Targeted Anti-Anticoagulants

Four direct oral anticoagulants have been approved for use in many countries. These drugs are valuable alternatives to vitamin K antagonists, such as warfarin, for many patients requiring anticoagulation to prevent stroke due to nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and to treat and prevent venous thromboembolism. The mechanism of these agents is to selectively inhibit either thrombin or factor Xa, which are critical enzymes in the common pathway of blood coagulation. Dabigatran etexilate inhibits thrombin, whereas apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban inhibit factor Xa. Direct oral anticoagulants have several pharmacologic advantages over vitamin K antagonists, including a wider therapeutic window, a rapid onset . . .
Observations on Honey Diastase

SUMMARYHoney diastase was separated into two major components, the first containing mainly α-amylase, the second a mixture of α- and β-amylases. These amylases probably differ from amylases of other sources.
Bond, grind-back and polish SOI

Bonded SOI wafers which are thinned by grinding and polishing have been reviewed. An SOI thickness uniformity of ±0.3 μm in a wafer can be created by grinding and polishing. There is no limitation on wafer size availability as long as Si wafers are supplied. For better precision of the SOI thickness uniformity, the PACE method has recently been proposed. The properties of the bonding interface as well as the development of SOI thickness uniformity created under various process conditions are described in the fabrication process. Other physical and electrical properties are also illustrated. SOI substrates manufactured by the grind and polish technique are routinely used in commercial IC.