cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anticipating Extreme Events

The urgency explicit in soliciting scientists to address the prediction of Xevents is understandable, but not really conducive to a foundational perspective. In the following methodological considerations, a perspective is submitted that builds upon the necessary representation of Xevents, either in mathematical or in computational terms. While only of limited functional nature, the semiotic methodology suggested is conducive to the basic questions associated with Xevent prediction: the dynamics of unfolding Xevents; the distinction between Xevents in the deterministic realm of physics and the nondeterministic realm of the living; the foundation of anticipation and the possibility of anticipatory computing; the holistic perspective. As opposed to case studies, this contribution is geared towards a model-based description that corresponds to the nonrepetitive nature of Xevents. Therefore, it advances a complementary model of science focused on singularity, providing a nondeterministic understanding of high-complexity phenomena.
Bud-Sex: Constructing Normative Masculinity among Rural Straight Men That Have Sex With Men

This study draws on semistructured interviews with 19 white, rural, straight-identified men who have sex with men to understand how they perceive their gender and sexuality. It is among the first t...
Hypofractionated re‐irradiation to the brainstem in children with recurrent brain tumors

To characterize radiation necrosis following hypofractionated brainstem re-irradiation in pediatric patients, we reviewed 23 cases with 28 tumors invading or abutting brainstem and treated with hypofractionated re-irradiation from 2004 to 2014. Re-irradiation delivered total doses of 16-30 Gy in two to five fractions. The most commons regimens used were 24 Gy in three fractions and 25 Gy in five fractions. At median follow-up of 12.8 months, median overall survival was 14.7 months and eight in-field recurrences were detected (median time 10.5 months). Five patients experienced symptomatic brainstem necrosis, and all having received 24 Gy in three fractions. Hypofractionated brainstem re-irradiation may be safer in five fractions.
Pre-Nation and Post-Colony: 1947 in Qurratulain Hyder’s My Temples, Too and Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children

Rajeswari Sunder Rajan’s essay offers a comparative reading of two authors who usually occupy discrete segments of the subcontinent’s literary map. Drawing a comparative trajectory between two works representing two distinctive narrative modalities of capturing time, Sunder Rajan opens a dialogue between Qurratulain Hyder’s My Temples, Too (1948; original title Mere Bhi Sanam Khane) and Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children (1981), written respectively in Urdu and in English. One date is central to both the novels analysed: Independence Day, 15 August 1947 in India, and 14 August in Pakistan. What is significant is that despite the different linguistic literary worlds they inhabit—poetical Urdu (Hyder) and globalized pan-Indian English (Rushdie)—the two novelists share a similar commitment to nationalist ideals of secularism, cosmopolitanism, and syncretism. In reading them together, Sunder Rajan is able to demonstrate that, despite their different strategies in constructing quite different kinds of history and fiction, they provide complementary and sometimes converging perspectives on the independent nation’s ethos and public memory.
Energy Storage Controller Synthesis for Power Systems With Temporal Logic Specifications

We present an energy storage controller synthesis method for power systems with respect to metric temporal logic (MTL) specifications. The power systems with both constant impedance loads and constant power loads are modeled as a set of differential–algebraic equations. After a fault is cleared, with uncertainties in the fault clearing time, the generator machine angles and rotor speed deviations will enter a set of postfault initial states. We use the robust neighborhood approach to cover this set using the initial robust neighborhoods of finitely many simulated postfault trajectories. These simulated postfault trajectories meet the frequency regulation requirements specified in MTL as they are driven by the optimal control input signals obtained through a functional gradient descent approach. In this way, all the possible postfault trajectories with the given uncertainties in the fault clearing time are guaranteed to satisfy the MTL specification. Furthermore, we learn a piecewise linear control law from the data of the simulated trajectories to generate a feedback controller.
ProtoAR: Rapid Physical-Digital Prototyping of Mobile Augmented Reality Applications

The latest generations of smartphones with built-in AR capabilities enable a new class of mobile apps that merge digital and real-world content depending on a user's task, context, and preference. But even experienced mobile app designers face significant challenges: creating 2D/3D AR content remains difficult and time-consuming, and current mobile prototyping tools do not support AR views. There are separate tools for this; however, they require significant technical skill. This paper presents ProtoAR which supplements rapid physical prototyping using paper and Play-Doh with new mobile cross-device multi-layer authoring and interactive capture tools to generate mobile screens and AR overlays from paper sketches, and quasi-3D content from 360-degree captures of clay models. We describe how ProtoAR evolved over four design jams with students to enable interactive prototypes of mobile AR apps in less than 90 minutes, and discuss the advantages and insights ProtoAR can give designers.
Demographics of traumatic amputations in children. Implications for prevention strategies.

Background: The demographics of traumatic amputations in children are not well known. The purpose of this review was to identify those demographics for use as a possible guide for prevention strategies. Methods: The study was a retrospective review of the data on children with traumatic amputation who had received care at one center in the upper midwestern United States from 1980 to 2000. The child's gender and age at the time of the amputation, the date and etiology of the amputation, and the amputation level were tabulated. Statistical analyses of seasonal variations were performed. Results: There were 256 amputations in 235 children. The mean age (and standard deviation) at the time of the amputation was 7.9 ± 5.0 years. The amputation involved one extremity in 217 children, two extremities in sixteen, and three and four extremities in one child each. Of the 256 amputations, 165 involved the lower extremity. The traumatic amputation was caused by a lawnmower in sixty-nine children, farm machinery in fifty-seven, a motor-vehicle accident in thirty-eight, a train in twenty, and miscellaneous mechanisms in fifty-one. The mean age at the time of the injury varied according to the mechanism of injury and ranged from 1.9 years for burns to 11.5 years for boating injuries. Fifty-four (78%) of the sixty-nine children with a lawnmower amputation were five years of age or less. There were significant seasonal variations: the mean date of the lawnmower injuries was June 10, the mean date of the farming injuries was September 2, and the mean date of the motor-vehicle-related injuries was July 16. Conclusions: There are common patterns of traumatic amputations in children based on the mechanism of injury, the season, and the age of the child. The ideal time for an educational campaign for the prevention of lawnmower injuries appears to be March and April and should be directed toward parents. The best times for such a campaign for the prevention of farming-related accidents appear to be both the spring and the early fall, and the campaign should be directed toward both parents and older children. Level of Evidence: Prognostic study, Level II-1 (retrospective study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Clinical Economics: Calculating the Cost of Acute Postoperative Pain Medication

Few data are available that address the cost of postoperative pain management, although such knowledge would enhance our understanding of caregiver choices related to direct medical costs, such as type, frequency, and route of medication. This article describes the cost of postoperative pain medications before and after an educational program provided to nurses, pharmacists, and physicians in six community hospitals. Medication costs were calculated by averaging across all brands the average wholesale price of the most common dose administered in the sample for each medication. The median cost of postoperative pain medication across all days, all surgeries, was $9.46. Calculating the cost of acute postoperative pain medication suggested that cost over stay is highly influenced by the use of a few expensive medications. The relationship of medication cost to length of stay (LOS), function, and pain intensity is discussed.
French Predicate Clitics and Clause Structure

Although in general we have a reasonably good idea of constituency, we do not have as good an idea of the internal organization of constituents. A substantial amount of recent research has led to the conclusion that in many cases, a much more elaborate internal structure than previously assumed is necessary. Consider for example the internal structure of the NP the destruction of the boat. It would have been analyzed as in (1) until the mid 1980’s but could reasonably be attributed the structure in (2) today (incorporating a combination of various ideas by Szabolcsi (1987), Abney (1987), Ritter (1991), Valois (1991), Koopman (1993) and simplifying somewhat):
Privacy Harms and the Effectiveness of the Notice and Choice Framework

In the last fifteen years, the Federal Trade Commission and the White House have promoted notice and choice as the preferred mechanism for protecting consumers’ privacy online. But law and policy scholars doubt the efficacy of this mechanism. Research shows that consumers rarely read website privacy policies, that such policies are often too complex for users to understand, and that website policy statements do not match consumers’ privacy expectations. Efforts to ameliorate theses issues through technological tools, such as privacy filters and do-not-track codes, have been unsuccessful. Further, these tools do not address whether notice and choice theory aligns with the actual privacy harms that consumers experience. This alignment remains unexplored. This article, thus, proposes to examine the relationship between the notice and choice theory and users’ actual privacy concerns. The article takes a novel approach that examines privacy litigation and FTC enforcement actions. This focus on the wrongs litigated in the real world reveals the most important harms that consumers experience and provides a better understanding of the efficacy of the notice and choice framework.The data set compiled to support the research for the article consists of all federal class action complaints alleging online privacy violations filed during the last ten years and the Federal Trade Commission complaints and settlements addressing online privacy. The article next addresses the roles that jurisdiction and competence play in framing claims and identifies a typology of the wrongful acts experienced by consumers. The research shows that four types of claims appear in both private litigation and public enforcement with respect to personal information: (1) unauthorized disclosure, (2) surreptitious collection, (3) failure to secure, and (4) undue retention. The article then applies this typology to map “zones of effectiveness” for the notice and choice regime. The article identifies which wrongs a proper notice and choice regime can and cannot address. The research demonstrates that while some wrongful practices might be avoided by the inclusion of specific statements in a notice, others will be incurable through notice. The latter set of wrongs is, thus, outside the “zone of effectiveness” of a notice and choice regime. Lastly, the article concludes with a discussion of whether and how the harms that consumers experience match the outcomes of litigation and FTC settlement orders.This research is supported by the National Science Foundation grant 1330214 “TWC SBE: Option: Frontier: Collaborative: Towards Effective Web Privacy Notice and Choice: A Multi-Disciplinary Prospective.”
Supervision and Compliance of Brokerage Firms: Focus on Conflicts of Interest

Each year, FINRA publishes its Regulations and Examination Priorities for brokerage firms. Over the past several years, FINRA has focused on firms’ overall management of various types of conflicts of interest. In 2016, in tandem with this examination priority, FINRA formalized its assessment of firm culture and found that the culture was integral to a firm’s management of conflicts of interest. FINRA found that visible mitigation of conflicts of interest may help ensure the ethical treatment of customers. Last year, FINRA focused on four main types of conflicts: (1) incentive structures; (2) investment banking and research business lines; (3) information leakage; and (4) position valuation. This article will discuss the first three of these areas of focus. With respect to incentive structures, this paper will examine different types of compensation which may lead to conflicts of interest. The paper will examine several different challenges to firms’ incentive structures. Differential compensation is compensation which varies based on the product sold. FINRA has regularly provided guidance that compensation which may incentivize the sale of particular products, without consideration for the customers’ investment profile, is inappropriate. Several firms have been fined for failing to ensure their brokers comply with other FINRA rules, such as the suitability rule, due to the differential compensation offered. FINRA is also concerned with conditions attached to recruitment compensation. For example, a broker may engage in inappropriate trading to maximize the compensation offered by the new firm when the broker moves from one firm to another. Finally FINRA is concerned with customer wealth events, such as retirement, which may incentivize a broker to provide advice that is inconsistent with the customer’s needs so that the broker can capture additional investable assets. Next, this paper will examine potential conflicts connected with firms’ investment banking and research. Firms have struggled with conflicts of interest related to these lines of business for many years. FINRA has adopted rules governing a firm’s ability to engage in equity and debt research, intended to minimize the potential for conflicts of interest. Last, this paper will examine potential conflicts related to information leakage. FINRA has long been interested in a firm’s ability to identify, minimize and mitigate information leakage within or outside the firm. Information leakage might occur in a variety of different contexts, including inappropriate information leakage between different areas of a firm’s trading activities, between a firm’s trading activities and other parts of a firm, and through the front-running of pending rating changes. This section focuses on several firms that have been disciplined as a result of their inability to prevent or detect information leakage.
Prostaglandin E2 threshold dictates susceptibility to skin infection in diabetic mice

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the primary cause of skin infection in people with diabetes. MRSA skin infection is characterized by the migration of phagocytes and abscess formation to prevent deeper tissue infections. However, the events that drive poor host defense in diabetes is poorly understood. Here, we examined the role of the lipid mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its impact on host defense during MRSA skin infection in diabetes. We have shown that diabetic mice are unable to control MRSA skin infection, along with excessive cytokine production and neutrophil migration. Our data indicate that PGE2 production is lower in diabetic mice than nondiabetic mice at both days 1 and 9. Daily topical treatment with a PGE2 analog decreased lesion size and improved bacterial clearance in the skin of infected diabetic mice. Reduced lesion size in PGE2-treated diabetic mice correlated with decreased production of the cytokines TNF-, IL-1, and IL-6 and neutrophil migration. While we did observe a well-defined abscess in infected nondiabetic mice, infection in diabetic mice resulted in poor abscess formation; and topical PGE2 treatment restores abscess formation. Poor skin defense in diabetic mice also correlated with increased numbers of dead cells at days 1 and 9 post-infection suggesting that dead cells are not eliminated. When we studied the expression of molecules involved in dead cell ingestion, we observed an increased abundance of inhibitory receptor SIRPa in infected diabetic mice and PGE2 ointment restored SIRPa levels back to those observed in infected nondiabetic mice. These data indicate that the threshold of PGE2 drives the inflammatory milieu during infection and effects skin homeostasis in diabetes.
Ultra-Wideband Monopole with Stacked FSS Reflectors for Enhanced Gain

This paper investigates an enhanced monopole antenna design for ultra-wideband (UWB)applications. The antenna is a co-planar waveguide (CPW)fed UWB monopole that maintains a good impedance match from 0.5 GHz to 5.0 GHz, with a realized gain of 3.0 dB to 4.0 dB. To enhance performance, three frequency selective surfaces (FSS)are used as resonant reflectors to increase the realized gain to 4.0 dB to 11.3 dB from 0.5 GHz to 2.65 GHz. The resulting antenna comes in a form factor of 8.1” ⨯ 8.1” ⨯ 3.1”, and maintains a wide beam width over most of the frequency band.
8.22 – Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors: Molecular Characteristics and Human Impacts☆

Environmental estrogens including trace contaminants and phytoestrogens have been classified as endocrine disruptors (EDs), and it is hypothesized that ED compounds may be etiologic agents in male reproductive tract problems and breast cancer in women. It is clear from experimental studies that industrial estrogenic compounds (xenoestrogens) such as bisphenol A and phytoestrogens are selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) that may exhibit structure-dependent and tissue-specific estrogenic or antiestrogenic activities. However, to date there is minimal evidence showing that ED compounds are causal factors in breast cancer, male reproductive tract problems such as decreased sperm counts and fertility, or prostate and testicular cancers. Moreover, many of the so-called global male reproductive problems, such as decreased sperm counts, are currently not recognized as global problems and may be due to unidentified regional problems including obesity.
Patterns of Care and Survival in Stage III NSCLC Among Black and Latino Patients Compared With White Patients.

Abstract Background Race and socioeconomic status have continued to affect the survival and patterns of care of patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, data evaluating these associations in patients with stage III disease remain limited. Therefore, we investigated the patterns of care and overall survival (OS) of black and Latino patients with locally advanced NSCLC compared with white patients, using the National Cancer Database. Materials and Methods All patients with stage III NSCLC from 2004 to 2013 who had undergone external beam radiotherapy (RT) alone, RT with chemotherapy (bimodality), or RT with chemotherapy followed by surgery (trimodality) were analyzed within the National Cancer Database according to race (n = 113,945). Univariate associations among the demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics within the 3 cohorts were assessed using χ2 tests. The OS between cohorts were analyzed using the log-rank test and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Results The black and Latino patients were younger at diagnosis, had lower median household incomes, and were less likely to be insured than were the white patients. The black patients were more likely to receive RT alone (19.3% vs. 18%; P Conclusions Despite epidemiologic differences and a propensity for less aggressive treatment, black patients with locally advanced NSCLC had better OS than white patients and Latino patients had equivalent outcomes. Additional research is needed to elucidate this finding, perhaps focusing on biological differences among the cohorts.
Data concerning the Partially Sighted and the Functionally Blind

Examines the relative sizes of the nation's partially sighted, legally blind but not functionally blind, and functionally blind populations as a function of age. It also examines the frequency with...
Jousting at Windmills: Cervantes and the Quixotic Fight for Authorial Control

Achieving a fair balance between the rights of first and follow-on authors has long proved challenging. A less considered aspect of this tension involves the degree to which the first author may be creatively and productively compromised by the follow-on author and whether such interference diminishes creative production. A look at the early 17th century copyright landscape of Don Miguel de Cervantes proves instructive. Cervantes would dramatically change the second half of his masterpiece Don Quixote in terms both of plot and content because of an author who— perfectly legally—published a rival version of Don Quixote, Part II. The resultant war of words ultimately calls the very functioning of copyright’s protections into question: if greater creative production is ultimately the goal, is it purely financial gain that we believe engines that productivity? Or do we also believe protection of the author from creative interference plays a role in improving creative productivity? From a purity standpoint, are we concerned that without any rights of exclusion the author may write something substantially different than he might have without that interference? The copyright landscape and creative sparring that created the Don Quixote we read today provides an example of how deeply such interference can affect a final work.
The relationship between macroeconomic variables and budget deficit: A comparative study of Sri Lanka with Malaysia and South Korea

The association between budget deficit and macroeconomic variables and the repercussions for macroeconomic instability has been among the most widely debated topics among economists and policymakers. This paper examines the association between budget deficit and selected macroeconomic variables in Sri Lanka, Malaysia and South Korea, 2000–2016. The explanatory macroeconomic variables are inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, debt and real GDP growth rate. A Granger Causality test was carried out to determine whether the selected variables’ impact on budget deficit was uni- or bi-directional. The comparative study considered panel analysis. Data were sourced from the IMF, World Bank and Central Bank of Sri Lanka annual reports. The Sri Lankan finding was that there was uni-directional causality between the variables. In the Malaysian study, there was no causality between budget deficit and the variables. In South Korea, the study identified uni-directional causality between the variables. The panel analysis suggested that debt and real GDP growth rate are significant variables in controlling a budget deficit. A country’s debt level is a significant variable in controlling the size of the deficit. In Sri Lanka, it is important to consider economic policy strategies implemented by Malaysia and South Korea to mitigate prevailing economic issues of a sustained sizable budget deficit, significant debt maturities, weaker public finances and higher domestic and foreign currency debt, all of which disrupt achievement of sustained economic growth.
2.06 – Solution NMR

This chapter begins with a description of basic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) theory, including a description of interactions of nuclear spins in a magnetic field, pulsed Fourier transform (FT) NMR, chemical shift, J-coupling interactions, nuclear relaxation, and the nuclear Overhauser effect. A brief description is presented on using these parameters to obtain useful chemical structure information from solution NMR data. The chapter also describes the use of solution one-dimensional (1D-), 2D-, and 3D-NMR techniques to learn about structure, monomer composition, monomer sequence, stereosequence, and polymer chain-end structure.
Real life experience with ceftolozane/tazobactam therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia.

Ceftolozane/tazobactam is a β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination indicated for complicated urinary tract/intra-abdominal infections and pneumonia. Although promising in-vitro activity has bee...
Missing POI Check-in Identification Using Generative Adversarial Networks

The missing point-of-interest (POI) check-ins in real-life mobility data prevent advanced analysis of users’ preferences and mobile patterns. Existing approaches for missing POI check-in identification mainly focus on modelling spatio-temporal dependencies and memorising transition patterns through users’ check-in sequences. However, these methods cannot ensure that the generated missing records obey the same distribution as the observed check-ins. To this end, we propose a novel Bi-G\( ^2 \)AN model, which fuses the merits of generative adversarial network (GAN) and bi-directional gated recurrent unit (GRU), to identify the missing POI check-ins. Specifically, we develop a GAN-based method to mimic the overall distribution of a given check-in dataset, and it is further utilized to generate more reasonable missing POI check-ins. In order to capture bi-directional dependencies and historical impact, a modified bi-directional GRU is utilized in GAN. Moreover, both spatio-temporal influence and local motion information are employed to learn users’ dynamic preferences. Finally, experiments conducted on three real datasets demonstrate the competitiveness of the Bi-G\( ^2 \)AN model, outperforming state-of-the-art approaches.
Diabetes Technology Experiences Among Latinx and Non-Latinx Youth with Type 1 Diabetes:

Background:Diabetes technologies, such as insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors (CGM), have been associated with improved glycemic control and increased quality of life for young people wit...
Scattering in algebraic approach to quantum theory. Associative algebras

The definitions of scattering matrix and inclusive scattering matrix in the framework of formulation of quantum field theory in terms of associative algebras with involution are presented. The scattering matrix is expressed in terms of Green functions on shell (LSZ formula) and the inclusive scattering matrix is expressed in terms of generalized Green functions on shell. The expression for inclusive scattering matrix can be used also for quasi-particles (for elementary excitations of any translation-invariant stationary state, for example, for elementary excitations of equilibrium state.) An interesting novelty is the consideration of associative algebras over real numbers.
Adaptive Gradient Descent for Optimal Control of Parabolic Equations with Random Parameters.

In this paper we extend the adaptive gradient descent (AdaGrad) algorithm to the optimal distributed control of parabolic partial differential equations with uncertain parameters. This stochastic optimization method achieves an improved convergence rate through adaptive scaling of the gradient step size. We prove the convergence of the algorithm for this infinite dimensional problem under suitable regularity, convexity, and finite variance conditions, and relate these to verifiable properties of the underlying system parameters. Finally, we apply our algorithm to the optimal thermal regulation of lithium battery systems under uncertain loads.
Experimental Investigation of the Boundary Layer on a Rotating Cylinder

This paper documents the experimental analyses done in determining the stability, transition, and growth of boundary layers on a spinning cylinder at angle of attack. It has been shown that spin alters the boundary-layer growth as well as skewing and moving forward the transition line. These effects can have a significant influence on the thickness distribution of the boundary layer. F r R = - Re = u U(y) x,y, z a. rotating cylinder is shown schematically in Fig. 1. The model was installed in a 100 cm x 150 cm subsonic tunnel. A hot-wire probe is remotely positioned in the boundary layer by a traversing mechanism with three degrees of freedom: jc, the longitudinal distance along the cylinder; y, the radial distance from the cylinder; and z, the distance along the circumference of the cylinder. The traversing mechanism can also be ad- justed so that the probe may be positioned at any angle about the axis of the cylinder. Tests were conducted at a freestream velocity of 34 fps. As shown in Fig. 1, there are several unique features in- corporated in the design of the model. First, an annular suc- tion slot is used at the nose of the model to remove all of the boundary layer which develops along the nose. In this way, the effect of the particular design of the nose upon the flow on the cylindrical test section is eliminated. The second feature concerns the injection of a velocity per- turbation into the boundary layer through the use of a tuned acoustic driver which sets up standing waves within the in- terior of the cylinder. These waves interact with the flow through the annular suction slot to produce the desired signal. Hot-wire measurements show that this signal is confined almost entirely to the boundary layer. The growth and decay of this signal is tracked along the body and the coordinate of the maximum and minimum points of the perturbation serve to determine the location of the neutral stability curve. A third aspect of the model design is the use of an annular disk suction slot located to the rear of the rotating test section. By adjusting the suction flow rate through this slot, the longitudinal pressure gradient along the cylinder is removed without resorting to cumbersome tunnel wall adjustments. Since reported measurements of the neutral stability curve for a flat plate show considerable scatter, a two-channel hot- wire measuring system was used to improve the consistency of the results. A fixed hot-wire is positioned in the boundary layer near the middle of the cylinder and is used to monitor the signal. Any change in the effective Reynolds number or in the injected signal strength immediately shows up as a change
The Usefulness of Derivative-related Accounting Disclosures

The Financial Accounting Standards Board attempts to improve reporting and disclosure of derivative transactions through SFAS Nos. 105, 107, and 119. These statements require recognition of gains or losses on trading purpose derivatives, and disclosure of notional principal amounts, credit exposures, and fair values of trading and nontrading derivatives. Using a multiple regression model, this study investigates the relevance of these disclosures to stock returns for a sample of large banks. All derivatives-related disclosures, except for notional principal amounts, are found to contain new information not incorporated in market beta and earnings. These results support the Board's derivative disclosure requirements.
The number of senses

Many philosophers still countenance senses or meanings in the broadly Fregean vein. However, it is difficult to posit the existence of senses without positing quite a lot of them, including at least one presenting every entity in existence. I discuss a number of Cantorian paradoxes that seem to result from an overly large metaphysics of senses, and various possible solutions. Certain more deflationary and non-traditional understandings of senses, and to what extent they fare better in solving the problems, are also discussed. In the end, it is concluded that one must divide senses into various ramified-orders in order to avoid antinomy, but that the philosophical justification of such orders is, as yet, still somewhat problematic.
Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: the immune system feels the heat

Fever is a cardinal response to infection that has been conserved in warm-blooded and cold-blooded vertebrates for more than 600 million years of evolution. The fever response is executed by integrated physiological and neuronal circuitry and confers a survival benefit during infection. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of how the inflammatory cues delivered by the thermal element of fever stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses. We further highlight the unexpected multiplicity of roles of the pyrogenic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), both during fever induction and during the mobilization of lymphocytes to the lymphoid organs that are the staging ground for immune defence. We also discuss the emerging evidence suggesting that the adrenergic signalling pathways associated with thermogenesis shape immune cell function.
Methods for identification of centrosome-associated proteins.

Publisher Summary The centrosome has been analyzed by employing various strategies of genetics, cell biology, immunology, and protein biochemistry. This chapter outlines approach for the identification of centrosome associated proteins. This strategy includes four major steps: (1) isolation and purification of centrosomes and centrosome-containing structures; (2) preparation of anticentrosomal antibodies; (3) molecular cloning of DNA by immunoscreening of expression libraries; and (4) evaluation of the specificity of encoded proteins to the centrosome by the generation of fusion protein antibodies and protein expression by transient transfection. Although each step is considered to be labor-intensive and time-consuming, rapid advancement in antibody technologies and molecular cloning techniques has made it possible to carry out experiments in a simple and straightforward manner. This chapter therefore focuses on the third and fourth steps for molecular cloning and characterization of cDNA. This approach has allowed identifying unknown molecular components of the centrosome. It is essential to confirm that cDNA clones encode proteins localized at and/or around the centrosome. The two methods used for the evaluation of the specificity of cDNA clones include generation of bacterial fusion protein antibodies and protein expression in mammalian cells by transient transfection.
Is the Solar Cycle Due to a Dynamo Process

A review of difficulties with the dynamo intepretation of the solar cycle seem sufficiently severe as to warrant a search for an alternative. On the other hand, difficulties with the fossil-field interpretation may be more apparent than real. We therefore advance a specific proposal for explaining the solar cycle in terms of fossil field. This model (the “RZRC model”) involves a rotating cell in the radiative zone. It is assumed that this cell comes into contact with the base of the convection zone, that it contains a toroidal flux loop, and that it rotates relative to the radiative zone with a period of 22 years. An initial investigation of this model indicates that it offers simple interpretations of the salient properties of the solar cycle. The energetic requirements are very modest and could be met by a heat-engine process. Equatorial acceleration may related to (and possibly driven by) the hypothesized rotating cell in the radiative zone.
Sex Role Stereotypes and Middle and Old Age

Previous research focused on elderly as a generalized target group, with little differentiation between stereotypes of elderly men and elderly women. Similarly, research literature on sex-role stereotypes rarely makes reference to age of targets. To join the areas of attitude research in gerontology and sex-role stereotype research, 534 university students rated middle-aged or old man, woman, or person on a stereotype scale. A difference between male and female targets was found on only 3 adjective pairs, and age/sex interactions were found on 3. The few differences fit traditional sex-role stereotypes. Explanations for sparse sex differences and age/sex interactions are suggested.
Peripheral neurological problems in the acute burn patient

Abstract Electromyographic and nerve conduction data in evaluation of 66 burn patients revealed a 29 per cent incidence of peripheral polyneuropathy. Patchy myopathic findings, probably related to multiple injections, were noted in the proximal muscles of 22 patients. Entrapment mononeuropathies of the ulnar, median and peroneal nerver were found. These neuromuscular abnormalities produce clinical motor and sensory deficits which limit rehabilitation in the burned patient, and further work is immediately needed to determine the pathophysiology of these abnormalities.
Variable Interference Reflectors with Independently Settable Wavelength and Reflectance

This paper describes the principles and design of interference reflectors whose reflectance at any desired wavelength can be adjusted continuously over a wide range of reflectances and wavelengths by two independent calibrated adjustments. Some calculated and experimental results are given for reflectors with a reflectance range of 0–90% suitable for interference microscopy, 80–100% for laser research, and 0–2% for low loss attenuators.
Chronic pain and depression. II. Symptoms of anxiety in chronic low back pain patients and their relationship to subtypes of depression

The relationship between anxiety and chronic pain has been poorly studied. The authors studied the occurrence of symptoms of anxiety in chronic low back pain patients. Anxious mood and other symptoms of anxiety were commonly seen in patients with chronic low back pain. Symptoms of anxiety were more common in patients with depression, especially those with major depression. Anxious mood, tension and general somatic symptoms of the sensory type were more common than any other type of anxiety symptoms. The authors discuss the potential role of anxiety in chronic pain patients.
Epitope characterization by modifications of antigens and by mapping on resin-bound peptides. Discriminating epitopes near the C-terminus and N-terminus of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S13.

Abstract The feasibility of using antigen modifications and synthetic resin-bound peptides to distinguish closely related epitopes has been demonstrated in this report. Epitopes recognized by five monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S13 have been located near the C-terminus and N-terminus of the S13 molecule; these epitopes were characterized by modifications of antigens and by utilization of peptides of increasing length synthesized on aminomethyl crosslinked polystyrene resin. Three of these MAbs react with the C-terminal peptide S13 84–117 which has five Lys residues clustered within the last 16 amino acids. Phthalylation of Lys residues almost eliminated the binding of two MAbs and reduced binding of the third by 50%. Removal of the C-terminal Lys residue(s) at the S13 C-terminus with carboxypeptidase B has no effect on the binding of these three MAbs. A 23-residue peptide corresponding to S13 95–117 was synthesized by a modified Merrifield solid phase method. Samples of resin with peptides of increasing length were obtained after each cycle of amino acid coupling. The peptides were deprotected without hydrolysis of the peptide-resin linkage and used in an enzyme immunoassay to detect the extent of MAb interaction with the lengthening peptides. The epitopes recognized by the two MAbs more sensitive to Lys modification have been localized in S13 97–117 . The third MAb binds to S13 98–117 but binds more strongly when the sequence is lengthened. Two MAbs directed toward the N-terminal 22 residues of S13 were similarly characterized. Binding of one MAb, little affected by phthalylation, required the N-terminal residue of S13 to be present in the synthetic peptide. The other MAb, whose binding was inhibited by phthalylation, bound to the synthetic S13 2–22 and bound more strongly to the synthetic S13 1–22 .
The Transmembrane Segment of a Tail-anchored Protein Determines Its Degradative Fate through Dislocation from the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Terminally misfolded proteins that accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are dislocated and targeted for ubiquitin-dependent destruction by the proteasome. UBC6e is a tail-anchored E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that is part of a dislocation complex nucleated by the ER-resident protein SEL1L. Little is known about the turnover of tail-anchored ER proteins. We constructed a set of UBC6e transmembrane domain replacement mutants and found that the tail anchor of UBC6e is vital for its function, its stability, and its mode of membrane integration, the last step dependent on the ASNA1/TRC40 chaperone. We constructed a tail-anchored UBC6e variant that requires for its removal from the ER membrane not only YOD1 and p97, two cytosolic proteins involved in the extraction of ER transmembrane or luminal proteins, but also UBXD8, AUP1 and members of the Derlin family. Degradation of tail-anchored proteins thus relies on components that are also used in other aspects of protein quality control in the ER.
Space Infrared Telescope Facility focal-plane-array technologies: an update

The three science instruments in the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) require infrared detectors and readouts that operate at cryogenic temperatures with very low dark current and read noise. Detectors are being developed for the spectral region between about 2 micrometers and 200 micrometers. This paper describes the performance requirements and updates the progress to date for several different development activities, encompassing indium antimonide detector arrays, arsenic doped silicon impurity band conduction (IBC) detector arrays, antimony doped silicon IBC detector arrays, and germanium photoconductor arrays. Progress is also reported for very low noise cryogenic silicon readout devices.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Disruption of the yeast N-myristoyl transferase gene causes recessive lethality

The structural gene for N-myristoyl transferase (NMT1) has been cloned from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene encodes a polypeptide of 455 amino acids (Mr = 52,837) that has no identifiable significant primary sequence homology with any protein in currently available databases. Overexpression of NMT activity was achieved by means of the yeast episomal plasmid YEp24 without obvious effects on growth kinetics, cell morphology, or acylprotein metabolic labeling patterns. Insertional mutagenesis of the NMT1 locus on yeast chromosome XII caused recessive lethality, indicating that this protein acyltransferase activity is necessary for vegetative cell growth.
A prospective randomized trial of topical pimecrolimus for cetuximab-associated acne-like eruption

Background Clinical trials addressing the acneiform rash associated with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors are lacking. Objective We evaluated the ability of topical pimecrolimus to reduce the severity of cetuximab-related facial rash. Methods In all, 24 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with cetuximab facial rash received twice daily pimecrolimus application for 5 weeks to half of the face. At baseline, week 2, and week 5, a dermatologist performed facial lesion counts, patients reported perceived severity of rash-related symptoms, and standardized facial photographs were obtained for blinded evaluation of global rash severity. Results Treatment sides had greater decrease in lesion counts than observation sides of face at weeks 2 ( P P = .02). However, there were no significant differences in patients' assessment of symptoms and in review of facial photographs for rash severity between treatment and observation sides. Limitations This study was not placebo controlled. Conclusions Pimecrolimus application did not translate into clinically meaningful benefit for patients with cetuximab-related facial rash.
Geospatial data integration and modeling for the investigation of urban neighborhood crime

With more than half a century of development, Geographic Information Science (GIS) has evolved to become an interdisciplinary field of spatial thinking, geographic knowledge, geospatial technologies, and application practices. However, the integration of GIS in social science research is yet fully developed and more proactive emperical research examples are needed to continuously advance the application of GIS in social science research. To meet this challenge, in this article, the authors use the investigation of urban neighborhood crime as an experiment to examine the capability of geospatial technologies in the investigation of neighborhood crime in Oakland, CA, United States. First, a comprehensive theoretical framework is constructed with major neighborhood criminology theories to guide the empirical experiment. Second, a GIS-based methodological framework integrates geospatial data collection, integration, processing, and modeling on the one hand and advanced statistical methods on the other, to lea...
Representing parametric order constraints in multi-trial applications of multinomial processing tree models

Abstract Binary multinomial processing tree (MPT) models parameterize the multinomial distribution over a set of J categories, such that each of its parameters, θ 1 , θ 2 ,…, θ S , is functionally independent and free to vary in the interval [0,1]. This paper analyzes binary MPT models subject to parametric order-constraints of the form 0⩽ θ s ⩽ θ t ⩽1. Such constraints arise naturally in multi-trial learning and memory paradigms, where some parameters representing cognitive processes would naturally be expected to be non-decreasing over learning trials or non-increasing over forgetting trials. The paper considers the case of one or more, non-overlapping linear orders of parametric constraints. Several ways to reparameterize the model to reflect the constraints are presented, and for each it is shown how to construct a new binary MPT that has the same number of parameters and is statistically equivalent to the original model with the order constraints. The results both extend the mathematical analysis of the MPT class as well as offering an approach to order restricted inference at the level of the entire class. An empirical example of this approach is provided.
Rossby wave instability with self-gravity

The Rossby wave instability (RWI) in non-self-gravitating discs can be triggered by a bump at a radius $r_0$ in the disc surface mass-density (which is proportional to the inverse potential vorticity). It gives rise to a growing non-axisymmetric perturbation [$\propto \exp(im\phi)$, $m=1,2..$] in the vicinity of $r_0$ consisting of anticyclonic vortices which may facilitate planetesimal growth in protoplanetary discs. Here, we analyze a continuum of thin disc models ranging from self-gravitating to non-selfgravitating. The key quantities determining the stability/instability are: (1) the parameters of the bump (or depression) in the disc surface density, (2) the Toomre $Q$ parameter of the disc (a non-self-gravitating disc has $Q\gg1$), and (3) the dimensionless azimuthal wavenumber of the perturbation $\bar{k}_\phi =mQh/r_0$, where $h$ is the half-thickness of the disc. For discs stable to axisymmetric perturbations ($Q>1$), the self-gravity has a significant role for $\bar{k}_\phi \pi/2$ the self-gravity is not important, and instability may occur at a bump in the surface density. Thus, for all mode numbers $m \ge 1$, the self-gravity is unimportant for $Q > (\pi/2)(r_0/h)$. We suggest that the self-gravity be included in simulations for cases where $Q< (r_0/h)$.