cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection-Related Heart Disease.

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral medications are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In the pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) era, HIV-infected patients had increased morbidity and mortality from opportunistic infections; in the post-ART era, these patients are at increased risk of chronic diseases such as acute coronary syndrome, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy. They may present with vague symptoms such as weakness, dyspnea, or fatigue as the initial presentation of their cardiovascular disease. An overview of the clinical presentation, workup, management, and treatment of different cardiovascular disease is provided in this article.
Freud’s Secret Cognitive Theories

This paper seeks to dig out implicit assumptions and obscure remarks that Freud makes about cognitive processes; it thus constitutes a sort of cognitive psychoanalysis of Freud. We find suggestions of a theory of perception that are strongly reminiscent of Helmholtz; theories of person perception derived from Lipps, as well as the traditional inference theory, neither of which, however, Freud appears to have used in his concrete work with patients; and associationistic theories of thinking, memory, and recall. At the same time we find interesting, if perhaps unnoticed, departures from these traditional theories. As soon as he begins to think about a process—when he is not overwhelmed by such authorities as Helmholtz and Lipps—we find hints of the brilliance which characterizes Freud’s thinking in other areas.
Detecting controller malfunctions in electromagnetic environments. I. Modeling and estimation of nominal system function

A strategy for detecting control law calculation errors in critical flight control computers during laboratory validation testing is presented. This paper addresses part I of the detection strategy which involves the use of modeling of the aircraft control laws and the design of Kalman filters to predict the correct control commands.
Noise performance optimization design for high-speed analog-to-digital converters

An f/sub T/=8.5 GHz NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT)-based application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) comparator, for use in analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is designed for optimum noise performance using process-derived model parameters including base spreading resistance, device geometry, and spot noise figure contours. The relationship between sensitivity of the comparator and equivalent input noise (E/sub ni/) and offset voltage (V/sub OS/) is presented. E/sub ni/ and V/sub OS/ must be minimized for a high-resolution comparator. An equivalent input noise voltage of less than 1.2 nV/ square root Hz is predicted and measured, which is approximately 1/3 that obtained from typical low-noise ADC comparators. >
Characterizing the therapeutic response to deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a single center long-term perspective.

The number of depressed patients treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) is relatively small. However, experience with this intervention now spans more than 10 years at some centers, with study subjects typically monitored closely. Here we describe one center’s evolving impressions regarding optimal patient selection for DBS of the subcallosal cingulate (SCC) as well as observations of short- and long-term patterns in antidepressant response and mood reactivity. A consistent time course of therapeutic response with distinct behavioral phases is observed. Early phases are characterized by changes in mood reactivity and a transient and predictable worsening in self ratings prior to stabilization of response. It is hypothesized that this characteristic recovery curve reflects the timeline of neuroplasticity in response to DBS. Further investigation of these emerging predictable psychiatric, biological, and psychosocial patterns will both improve treatment optimization and enhance understanding and recognition of meaningful DBS antidepressant effects.
Sodium-calcium exchanger and multiple sodium channel isoforms in intra-epidermal nerve terminals.

Background Nociception requires transduction and impulse electrogenesis in nerve fibers which innervate the body surface, including the skin. However, the molecular substrates for transduction and action potential initiation in nociceptors are incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the expression and distribution of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms in intra-epidermal free nerve terminals.
Functional outcome in knee osteoarthritis after treatment with Hylan G-F 20: A Prospective study

Abstract Goorman SD, Watanabe TK, Miller EH, Perry C. Functional outcome in knee osteoarthritis after treatment with Hylan G-F 20: a prospective study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:479-83. Objective: To assess functional change in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) after treatment with intra-articular hyaluronic acid (Hylan G-F 20; Synvisc®). Design: Prospective case series with 6-month follow-up. Setting: Outpatient community orthopedic practice. Participants: Eighty-four consecutive patients referred to private orthopedic group with symptoms and radiographic evidence of unilateral or bilateral knee OA who had either failed or could not tolerate the side effects of conservative treatment. Sixty-one patients completed the study. Nineteen patients were lost to follow-up. Four patients withdrew from study due to subsequent knee arthroplasty. Intervention: Three weekly injections of Hylan G-F 20 into one or both (if bilaterally symptomatic) knees (110 knees total). Outcome Measure: SF-36 Health Survey was completed before treatment and 6 months after treatment. Results: Statistically significant improvement ( p Conclusion: Efficacy of intra-articular injection of Hylan G-F 20 for knee OA 6 months after injection is demonstrated in several categories of the SF-36, indicating a measurable improvement in overall functioning in these patients. © 2000 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Quantum-confined stark effect and polarization field in single quantum well InGaN/GaN LEDs.

Based on the wurtzite crystal structure, large (MV/cm) polarization-induced electric fields are known to exist in InGaN single quantum wells (SQWs) grown perpendicular to the GaN c-axis, and these fields may impact optical device performance due to the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE). In general, the QCSE has experimentally been found to be smaller than the theoretical value expected for a coherently strained InGaN QW, and subsequently the InGaN/GaN QW polarization field is often under-estimated as well. In this study, we measure the QCSE in modulation-doped, InGaN/GaN SQW LEDs. The well-behaved capacitance-voltage (majority-carrier) characteristics of these devices allow us to unambiguously determine the applied field with bias. With this analysis, we de-couple the QCSE from the QW polarization field and show that although the applied field approaches the opposing QW polarization field theoretical value (i.e., flatband), the QCSE remains too small. We propose a localized-hole picture of the InGaN QW which explains our optical and electrical measurements.
Role of Dendritic Cell Targeting in Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Pathogenesis

The initial steps of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) spread from inoculation in the skin to the draining lymph node have been characterized. By using green fluorescent protein and immunocytochemistry, dendritic cells in the draining lymph node were determined to be the primary target of VEE infection in the first 48 h following inoculation. VEE viral replicon particles, which can undergo only one round of infection, identified Langerhans cells to be the initial set of cells infected by VEE directly following inoculation. These cells are resident dendritic cells in the skin, which migrate to the draining lymph node following activation. A point mutation in the E2 glycoprotein gene of VEE that renders the virus avirulent and compromises its ability to spread beyond the draining lymph blocked the appearance of virally infected dendritic cells in the lymph node in vivo. A second-site suppressor mutation that restores viral spread to lymphoid tissues and partially restore virulence likewise restored the ability of VEE to infect dendritic cells in vivo.
Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Nanotube Solar Cells with Markedly Enhanced Performance via Rational Surface Engineering

Highly ordered anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays fabricated by electrochemical anodization were sensitized with ruthenium dye N-719 to yield dye-sensitized TiO2 nanotube solar cells. Rational surface tre...
Locus of Functional Impairment in the Production of Speech Rhythm after Brain Damage: A Preliminary Study ☆ ☆☆

Abstract This acoustic-perceptual, multiple-case study of the Rhythm Rule (RR) in English, a phonological phenomenon whereby adjacent stresses are adjusted to avoid “stress clash” (e.g., thirTEEN vs THIRteen MEN ), was undertaken to identify the locus of functional impairments in speech prosody in different aphasic syndromes. Subjects included two left brain-damaged aphasic patients (1 fluent, 1 nonfluent), one right brain-damaged nonaphasic patient, and one nonneurological control. They were instructed to read sentences including experimental (bisyllabic “double-stressed” words) and matching control (bisyllabic “initial-stressed” words) phrases of increasing length. Results of acoustic and perceptual measures indicated that rhythmic disturbances associated with the RR emerged regardless of lesion site. The locus of functional impairment was isolated to phonetic implementation of the RR, as opposed to either loss of word-level stress or loss of the RR. Findings suggest that neural substrates of speech prosody are broadly distributed in the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
Citation data analysis on hydrogeology

This article explores the status of research in hydrogeology using data mining techniques. First we try to explain what citation analysis is and review some of the previous work on citation analysis. The main idea in this article is to address some common issues about citation numbers and the use of these data. To validate the use of citation numbers, we compare the citation patterns for Water Resources Research papers in the 1980s with those in the 1990s. The citation growths for highly cited authors from the 1980s are used to examine whether it is possible to predict the citation patterns for highly-cited authors in the 1990s. If the citation data prove to be steady and stable, these numbers then can be used to explore the evolution of science in hydrogeology. The famous quotation, “If you are not the lead dog, the scenery never changes,” attributed to Lee Iacocca, points to the importance of an entrepreneurial spirit in all forms of endeavor. In the case of hydrogeological research, impact analysis makes it clear how important it is to be a pioneer. Statistical correlation coefficients are used to retrieve papers among a collection of 2,847 papers before and after 1991 sharing the same topics with 273 papers in 1991 in Water Resources Research. The numbers of papers before and after 1991 are then plotted against various levels of citations for papers in 1991 to compare the distributions of paper population before and after that year. The similarity metrics based on word counts can ensure that the “before” papers are like ancestors and “after” papers are descendants in the same type of research. This exercise gives us an idea of how many papers are populated before and after 1991 (1991 is chosen based on balanced numbers of papers before and after that year). In addition, the impact of papers is measured in terms of citation presented as “percentile,” a relative measure based on rankings in one year, in order to minimize the effect of time.
Hardware development for the surface tension driven convection experiment aboard the USML-1 spacelab mission

The Surface Tension Driven Convection Experiment is a Space Transportation System flight experiment to study both transient and steady thermocapillary fluid flows aboard the USML-1 Spacelab mission planned for March 1992. Hardware is under development to establish the experimental conditions and perform the specified measurements, for both ground based research and the flight experiment in a Spacelab single rack. Major development areas include an infrared thermal imaging system for surface temperature measurement, a CO2 laser and control system for surface heating, and for flow visualization, a He-Ne laser and optical system in conjunction with an intensified video camera. For ground based work the components of each system were purchased or designed, and tested individually. The three systems will be interfaced with the balance of the experimental hardware and will constitute a working engineering model. A description of the three systems and examples of the component performance is given along with the plans for the development of flight hardware.
Dissociation of IGF2 and H19 imprinting in human brain

The human IGF2 and H19 genes are imprinted in most normal tissues. Alterations of genomic imprinting or loss of imprinting (LOI) have been observed in a number of malignant tumors. Although LOI has been linked to tumorigenesis, loss of IGF2 imprinting has also been observed in choroid plexus and leptomeninges in normal mouse brain. We have therefore analyzed the allelic expression of both IGF2 and H19 in human fetal brain and in different regions of human adult brain. In the brains of fetuses of 6-12 weeks gestation, both IGF2 and H19 were transcribed from both parental alleles. In contrast, strictly monoallelic expression of both IGF2 and H19 was observed in all other fetal tissues, suggesting a tissue-specific LOI in the central nervous system. In adult brain, LOI of IGF2 was region-specific. IGF2 was expressed from both parental alleles in the pons, but not in globus palludus, Raphe nucleus and hypothalamus. H19 expression was drastically reduced in adult brain compared to fetal brain, and was detectable only in the pons and globus palludus. In contrast to IGF2, the expression of H19 in adult pons was monoallelic. Examination of IGF2 promoter usage indicated predominant utilization of promoter P3 in all fetal and adult brain tissues. The LOI of IGF2 therefore reflects biallelic expression from the predominant promoter. IGF2 transcripts derived from the less abundant promoter P1, however, showed monoallelic expression in the adult pons. Our results suggest that IGF2 and H19 undergo ontogenetic changes in allelic expression and that there is dissociation of IGF2 and H19 imprinting in both fetal and adult human brain.
Can Social Media Clear the Air? A Case Study of the Air Pollution Problem in Chinese Cities

Since the U.S. Embassy in Beijing placed an air quality sensor on its roof and began publishing the results on Twitter in 2008, air quality has gained widespread attention on Chinese microblogs. When the Chinese government introduced new air quality standards in 2012, some hailed this as a victory for Chinese microbloggers, signifying the emergence of social media as a democratizing force leading to greater citizen power. Using a representative sample of microblog posts collected from October 2012 to June 2013 on the topic of air pollution, as well as contextual information from a variety of sources, we examine how the government, companies, nongovernmental organizations, and individuals approach the Chinese social media landscape. We find that although microblogs are capable of empowering citizens to advance an environmental cause, social media have also been increasingly employed by the government as a tool for social monitoring and control and by companies as a platform for profiting from air pollution.
Pseudomonas contamination of a fungus-based biopesticide: Implications for honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) health and Varroa mite (Acari: Varroidae) control

Abstract The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is a major honey bee pest, and its control using pathogen-based biopesticides would resolve many of the problems, such as contamination and pesticide resistance, experienced with chemical control. A biopesticide, formulated with commercially-prepared conidia of a strain of Beauveria bassiana isolated from V. destructor was tested against the mites in bee colonies in southern France. The impact of treatment on hive survivorship, weight and mite infestation levels were very different from those of previous experiments using laboratory-prepared conidia: bee hives treated with the biopesticide died at a higher rate, lost more weight, and had higher mite densities at the end of the study than control hives. The biopesticide was subsequently found to be contaminated with bacteria. Two strains of bacteria were identified, by biotyping and sequencing data of the 16S rRNA and rpoB regions, and while the strains were distinct both were Pseudomonas sp. belonging to the P. fluorescens group. In dual cultures B. bassiana growth was slowed or suppressed when bacterial cfu density was about equal or greater than that of B. bassiana . Experiments using caged adult bees showed that bees ingesting diet and sugar solution treated with B. bassiana and kept at 30 °C had significantly lower survival times than those treated with one of the bacterial strains, but the opposite was true at 33 °C. Because one arthropod (honey bees) was treated for infestation by another ( V. destructor ), the impact of bacterial contamination was likely more noticeable than in most uses of biopesticides, such as treating plants against phytophagous insects. To reduce such risk in biopesticide development, a systematic screening for bacterial contamination prior to field application is recommended.
THE ASSOCIATION OF LDL CHOLESTEROL WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE MORTALITY IN A LOW-RISK POPULATION WITH TWO DECADES OF FOLLOW-UP: RESULTS FROM THE COOPER CENTER LONGITUDINAL STUDY

Although the association of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is well established in intermediate and high risk populations, less is known in subjects with low CVD risk. Fasting LDL-C was measured in participants of the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study, from 1978
No pairing problem

Many have thought that there is a problem with causal commerce between immaterial souls and material bodies. In Physicalism or Something Near Enough, Jaegwon Kim attempts to spell out that problem. Rather than merely posing a question or raising a mystery for defenders of substance dualism to answer or address, he offers a compelling argument for the conclusion that immaterial souls cannot causally interact with material bodies. We offer a reconstruction of that argument that hinges on two premises: Kim’s Dictum and the Nowhere Man principle. Kim’s Dictum says that causation requires a spatial relation. Nowhere Man says that souls can’t be in space. By our lights, both premises can be called into question. We’ll begin our evaluation of the argument by pointing out some consequences of Kim’s Dictum. For some, these will be costs. We will then present two defeaters for Kim’s Dictum and a critical analysis of Kim’s case for Nowhere Man. The upshot is that Kim’s argument against substance dualism fails.
Language as Thought and as Communication

My aim in this chapter is to throw light from several directions on the intimate connections which exist between conceptual thinking and the linguistic behavior which is said to ‘express’ it. The position which I shall ultimately delineate and defend, though behavioristic in its methodological orientation is not, initial appearances to the contrary, behavioristic in its substantive contentions. It can, nevertheless, be characterized as an attempt to give a naturalistic interpretation of the intentionality of conceptual acts.
Preparation of V3Ga single crystals by iodine transport

Abstract Small single crystals of A15 phase vanadium-gallium have been grown by a closed tube iodine transport method. The crystal structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction experiments. Superconducting transition temperature measurements established their Ga content as 23.3 at%, which is the same as that of the polycrystalline source material employed. The crystals exhibited a variety of morphologies, but in all cases were bounded by only {110} and {210} type surfaces.
Opportunities for cancer prevention and early detection among children.

The tumors of infants, children, and adolescents are generally deep seated rather than superficially located cancers of epithelial structures. Appropriate mass screening techniques (i.e., pap smear, mam-mogram, hemoccult test, or chest radiograph) have not been available for the early detection of childhood tumors. It is widely believed that the tumors of children are not suitable for mass screening tests. Therefore, they are diagnosed most often at an advanced stage. An inexpensive urine test has been found to be effective in detecting neuroblastoma at an early, preclinical stage in infants as young as 6 months. The tumors detected in this manner have a high rate of curability. This test appears to be suitable for wide application and has been shown to be both cost-effective and medically effective. Much less is known about the possible causes of the cancers of children than about the cancers of adults, so preventive measures are less well defined. Children in whom cancer develops are more likely to have a genetic predisposition due to one of the rare but numerous heritable genetic defects associated with more than 100 such known syndromes or an acquired genetic defect. Such children are predisposed to cancer because they already have an inherited or acquired somatic genetic lesion and are more susceptible to another genetic insult that results in neoplasia. Such children should be screened regularly for the early detection of cancer. They also constitute a special population to which maximal preventive efforts should be applied, both because they are at high risk and because they constitute a unique population for testing the effectiveness of proposed preventive measures. Cancer is a multifactorial, multistep process that results in the highest incidence of cancer among older adults after a lifetime of exposure to known and presumed cancer risks. Current efforts at cancer prevention are aimed primarily at adults. A greater challenge, which should be even more effective, is to motivate children, their parents, and teachers to prevent the cancers of adults during childhood.
Conductor Temperatures in the Splice of a Pipe-Type Electric Cable

An analytical method was developed to predict the steady-state temperature distribution in the conductor and in the surrounding, composite insulation in the splice of an electric cable. A solution for the longitudinal temperature distribution along the conductor was obtained for a typical configuration with tapered, double layer insulation.
Nonlinear optics for high-order frequency conversion: applied attosecond science

We show that it is possible to use of a train of counterpropagating light pulses to enhance the coherent upconversion of intense femtosecond lasers into the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region of the spectrum. This all optical quasi-phase-matching uses interfering beams to scramble the quantum phase of the generated EUV light, suppressing the contribution of out-of-phase emission. Selective enhancement of up to 600X is observed at photon energies of ~70 eV using argon gas and ~ 150 eV using helium gas.
Cancer and the family: Strategies to assist spouses

Research that has been conducted with spouses of cancer patients documents the nature of their stress, the duration of their stress, and the concerns that they confront over the course of the illness. A variety of intervention strategies have been used to assist spouses in dealing with the stressful effects of cancer. Two major categories of intervention strategies are providing information and offering support.
Polymorphic optical zoom with MEMS DMs

A prototype optical system for compact, high-speed zooming is described. The system is enabled by a pair of MEMS deformable mirrors (DMs), and is capable of high-speed optical zoom without translation of components. We describe experiments conducted with the zoom system integrated with an optical microscope, demonstrating 2.5× zoom capability. Zoom is achieved by simultaneously adjusting focal lengths of the two DMs, which are inserted between an infinity-corrected microscope objective and a tube lens. In addition to zoom, the test system is demonstrated to be capable of automated fine focus control and adaptive aberration compensation. Image quality is measured using contrast modulation, and performance of the system is quantified.
A dislocation-based description of grain boundary dissociation: application to a 90° 〈110〉 tilt boundary in gold

Abstract High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations and atomistic simulations of {1 1 1}/{121} facets in a gold 90° tilt boundary show the presence of a ∼10 A wide layer with stacking faults distributed one to every three close-packed planes. This interfacial reconstruction, which forms the rhombohedral 9R stacking arrangement, is similar to that found previously for near−Σ=3{112} boundaries in low stacking fault energy metals. We discuss a general approach for partitioning grain boundary orientation into a set of Shockley partial dislocations and then apply this description to the {1 1 1}/{121} interface. The analysis explains both the distribution of faults and the geometry of the local plane bending and shows, further, that the 9R stacking occurs in both the Σ=3{112} and {1 1 1}/{121} interfaces due to the similar ratios of 30° and 90° Shockleys in both cases. Finally, we discuss limitations of this description, in particular concerning a 1/8[ 1 01] relaxation that is predicted by the atomistic simulations.
How an arbitration provision, carefully constructed, ended up defeating itself by leading to multiple court proceedings

Is there such a thing as being too precise when crafting an arbitration alternative to litigation? Where a merger agreement produced four arbitration forums for different types of disputes, the answer is a resounding “Yes!” William J. Nissen, of Chicago, explains the litigious, still-unresolved matter.
Partially harmonic spinors and representations of reductive Lie groups

Abstract Let G be a reductive Lie group subject to some minor technical restrictions. The Plancherel Theorem for G uses several series of unitary representation classes, one series for each conjugacy class of Cartan subgroups of G. Given a Cartan subgroup H ⊂ G, we construct a G-homogeneous family X → Y of oriented riemannian symmetric spaces, some G-homogeneous bundles , and some Hilbert spaces of partially harmonic spinors with values in . Then G acts on by a unitary representation πμ,σ±. We then show that these πμ,σ± realize the series of representation classes of G associated to the conjugacy class of H.
The Mitochondrial Genome of Allonautilus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda): Base Composition, Noncoding-Region Variation, and Phylogenetic Divergence

ABSTRACT We used next-generation methods to sequence the mitochondrial genome of Allonautilus scrobiculatus from two large, overlapping amplicons generated by PCR. The genome was circular, 16,132 base pairs in length, and possessed the same sequence and orientation of genes as the previously sequenced mitogenome of Nautilus macromphalus. These two mitogenomes were approximately 8% divergent overall, but differentiation varied greatly among genes: some tRNA sequences were identical between the two taxa, whereas ATP8 differed by over 15%. The largest of the noncoding regions of the genome included a 62 base pair repeat that was essentially identical between the two genera; however, this repeat was present as six copies in N. macromphalus, but varied between four and five among individuals of Allonautilus. A 146 base pair deletion (in Allonautilus compared to Nautilus) included one copy of the repeat plus an adjacent 84 bp; because of this indel, the “CA” microsatellite in N. macromphalus was missing from Al...
Growth conditions to achieve mobility enhancement in AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs heterojunctions by m.b.e.

Modulation doped Al0.25Ga0.75As-GaAs heterojunctions have been prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (m.b.e.). Al0.25Ga0.75As layers were doped with Si to a level of ~ 3 × 1017 cm-3, whereas the GaAs layers were either unintentionally doped, doped lightly n-type with Sn, or doped lightly p-type with Be. Heterojunction structures having single and multiple periods have shown enhanced mobility only with the AlxGa1-xAs layer at the surface and the GaAs layer underlying. These results represent the first report that electrons spill over only into the underlying GaAs layer from the top AlxGa1-xAs layer.
Conclusion: Negotiating the Dynamics of Global Complexity

The original call for papers for the ‘Trading Morsels’ conference asked authors to address the social and environmental consequences of the globalization of agriculture by focusing on an important traded commodity and a major geographical link in that commodity’s trade. During the course of the conference itself, and in subsequent discussions, we learned that the globalization of agriculture is a complicated story that does not always or easily lend itself to a commodity chain approach. Perhaps this is not surprising. Social systems are almost always more complicated than our models suggest. The important question is whether the complexity matters. And in this case we believe not only that the complexity matters but that it is the defining characteristic and most policy relevant feature of the global food trade.
"Mad Laughter" in Federman's the Twofold Vibration

In his article "'Mad Laughter' in Federman's The Twofold Vibration" Menachem Feuer discusses one of the central questions in the debate over post-Holocaust representation with regard to comedy and laughter. Several authors and filmmakers including Mel Brooks, Lina Wertmuller, Roberto Benigni, Michael Chabon, or Jonathan Safran Foer employ comedy in work. Although the books and films of these authors and filmmakers certainly test the limits of representation through the use of comedy in post-Holocaust art, the use of "mad laughter" in the work of Raymond Federman to represent the Holocaust stands out as the most important exploration of post-Holocaust comedy today. Feuer argues that Federman's text traverses the fine line between a self-referential text, which alludes only to itself and not to any extrinsic historical referent (such as the Holocaust) and a form of laughter that is intimately connected to the trauma of the Holocaust. Further, the novelty of Federman's textual forays is the simultaneous exaltation of the self-referential to the level of what Susan Sontag would call camp style and the rigorous awareness of historical trauma. Federman shows readers that "mad laughter" can preserve history and a self-referential sensibility which sees itself as textual and desires to recreate itself through (inter)textuality. Menachem Feuer, "'Mad Laughter' in Federman's The Twofold Vibration" page 2 of 10 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 11.1 (2009): Thematic Issue New Work in Holocaust Studies. Ed. Louise O. Vasvari and Steven Totosy de Zepetnek
LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY AT 12P12–13 IN PRIMARY AND METASTATIC PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA

Purpose: Our laboratory has recently identified a 1 to 2 Mb homozygous deletion at 12p12–13 in a prostate cancer specimen and determined that the p27/kip1 gene lies within the deletion. While immunohistochemical analysis has implicated p27/kip1 in prostate carcinoma, no previous studies had identified genetic abnormalities at this locus. Here, we examined primary and metastatic prostate tumors to determine if allelic loss occurs at this locus in localized disease and if it increases the risk of metastatic, high stage or high-grade disease.Materials and Methods: DNA was extracted from prostate tumors and normal tissue of 99 patients. 60 tumors were primary, 20 were metastatic pelvic lymph nodes, and 19 were distant metastases. Multiple metastases were analyzed from 11 of 19 patients with metastatic disease. Polymorphic markers spanning our region of interest were PCR amplified from tumor and normal DNA. PCR products were then scored for allelic loss.Results: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was identified in 1...
The DØ Level 1 trigger system

Abstract This paper describes the principal components of the Level 1 trigger system for the DO experiment during Run IIb of the Tevatron collider at Fermilab. This trigger system was designed to take advantage of the increased luminosity and shorter bunch spacing provided by the Tevatron in Run II. We place an emphasis on the key concepts that are potentially valuable for future experiments.
Fracture characteristics of polycrystalline AgCl wet with aqueous solutions

Polycrystalline AgCl, normally ductile in air when deformed in tension, is observed to suffer as much as an 80% loss of ductility with a corresponding decrease in fracture stress when deformed in specific aqueous environments. The fracture path is observed to be intergranular as opposed to a transgranular fracture which is observed when fracture occurs in air or non-embrittling solutions. The selectivity of the embrittling solutions is related to the adsorption of ions which are compatible with Ag+ or Cl− in the host lattice. A mechanism for the embrittlement based on the lowering of the strain energy by replacement of strained bonds at a crack nucleus by strain-free adsorbed-ion bonds is proposed. The adsorbed-ion double layer also serves to stabilize the crack faces.
MUSE: Understanding traditional dances

This demo encapsulates the possible manifestation of Middle Eastern indigenous dance, Al Ardha, in the form of a serious gaming environment. The presentation also illustrates the interconnection and possible transformation of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) content, such as traditional dances, into a digital kinesthetic learning system. The system is called Mimicry Understanding and Safeguarding Environment (MUSE). It is designed to help museum visitors learn traditional or indigenous dances withthe help of motion-sensing technologies. MUSE is a multidisciplinary research project and is expected to analyze the intricacies of various indigenous dances, particularly the Arabic sword dance. MUSE interface is expected to facilitate museum visitors' awareness, learning, and practice of the Al Ardha dance of the Middle Eastern region. Through its easy-to-learn and user-friendly interface, MUSE can facilitate and foster playfulness and user engagement to enhance the experience of museum visitors.
Effects of early maternal employment on maternal health and well-being

This study uses data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study on Early Child Care to examine the effects of maternal employment on maternal mental and overall health, self-reported parenting stress, and parenting quality. These outcomes are measured when children are 6 months old. Among mothers of 6-month-old infants, maternal work hours are positively associated with depressive symptoms and parenting stress and negatively associated with self-rated overall health. However, maternal employment is not associated with quality of parenting at 6 months, based on trained assessors’ observations of maternal sensitivity.
The ultrastructure of fiber cells in primate lenses: a model for studying membrane senescence.

Abstract We have compared the surface morphology of the youngest (cortical) fiber cells with that of the most senescent (nuclear) fiber cells in monkey and baboon crystalline lenses by stereo scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thick-section stereo transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both the broad and the narrow faces of the most senescent fiber cells featured distinctive, polygonal areas (domains) of furrowed cell membrane. The domains ranged n size from 2.42 to 8.78 μm 2 . Stereopair SEM and TEM micrographs demonstrated precisely oriented microvilli measuring approximately 0.14 μm in diameter and ranging in length from 1.27 to 4.65 μm overlying each ridge in the domains. Formation of microvilli on senescent cells has been noted in other types of aging cells but they are precisely arranged and their function is unknown. Since every fiber cell remains in a fixed location (relative to other fiber cells) throughout life, the lens provides a unique model to study structure-function relationships of senescent microvilli in situ . The discovery of an age-related elaboration of numerous microvilli on senescent fiber cells of noncataractous lenses invalidates the currently accepted theory that close, parallel apposition of the broad faces of lens fiber cells is necessary for the lens to be transparent.
Experience with transplantation in the treatment of liver cancer.

Thirteen patients with hepatic tumors, from the Boston Center for Liver Transplantation, have been transplanted among a total of 169 recipients. Ten were transplanted primarily for tumor, while three other patients harbored incidental tumors. Two perioperative deaths occurred (15%). Eight patients had hepatocellular carcinoma, one hepatoblastoma and four bile duct (Klatskin) tumors. Two of the bile duct cancers recurred with patient deaths at 9 and 10 months. The remaining nine patients are alive from between 1 month and 36 months postoperatively. A selected review of the literature allowed analysis of followup on 185 patients transplanted for tumor. Overall, the proportion of patients transplanted for tumor was 16%. Fifty-two percent of patients had hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), 24% cholangiocarcinomas, 10% other primary liver tumors, and 14% metastatic hepatic tumors. Median survival for HCC was 1 year; 90-day mortality was 30%. Actuarial survival for 1, 2 and 3 years was 49%, 37% and 30% respectively. Fibrolamellar HCC and incidental HCC had significantly better results than other HCC. Tumor recurrence was present in 72% of autopsies after 90 days. Transplantation for HCC has satisfactory results in selected patients and may be improved by adjuvant chemotherapy. The median survival with cholangiocarcinomas was 8 months; 90-day mortality was 40%. Actuarial survival for 1 year was 36%. Recurrence was present in 100% of autopsies after 90 days. Survival after transplantation for this tumor was similar to that observed in patients not undergoing surgical treatment. Median survival for 18 other primary hepatic tumors was 16 months. Transplantation in carefully selected patients with these other primary tumors appears warranted. Although experience overall with transplantation for metastatic disease has been relatively unfavorable, each histological type must be considered independently.
Sensitivity identification enhanced control strategy for nonlinear process systems

An adaptive control strategy for nonlinear process systems is presented. The simple control law is derived based on minimizing a well-chosen performance index. The sensitivity between the controlled system input and output is necessary for implementing this strategy. The comparisons (between the adaptive controller and gain scheduling control techniques or conventional PID controller) and discussions are given to highlight their consistency, difference and the advantages of the adaptive controller. In this paper, a decomposed neural network (DNN) model is applied to the scheme. Then the stability analysis of the adaptive control system is presented based on Lyapunov theory. From the stability investigation, the stability condition for the DNN-based control system is obtained. A chemical benchmark example results show that the proposed adaptive control method can effectively control unknown nonlinear systems.
The Importance of Information Asymmetry in Customers’ Booking Decisions A Cautionary Tale from the Internet

Information asymmetry is a key building block of revenue management. Would-be customers have far less indication of future rates and availability than do the service providers. Even with the relatively transparent pricing on various Web sites, customers do not know the extent of demand for their desired itineraries. However, a tool that allows customers to book specific airplane seats and hotel rooms gives customers a greater indication of existing demand. A test of a simulated hotel-room-selection site confirmed that knowledge of demand influenced participants’ willingness to book. However, that knowledge was most salient when room rates were high. On the other hand, when rates were low, knowledge about demand levels did not influence bookings.
Validation of the P. D. I. Employment Inventory in a retail chain

The Performance Score of the P. D. I. Employment Inventory appears to be a useful predictor of adaptive performance behavior of retail store employees at the non-management level. The findings of Personnel Decisions Inc. would indicate that the test is generalizable to mass merchandising organizations nationwide. Since this is a new test, further research is indicated.
Internationalization, diversification strategy and ownership structure: Implications for French MNE performance

Abstract This study examines potential explanations for corporate economic performance of 31 French multinational enterprises (MNEs). The results suggest that the corporate economic performance varies contingent on the direct and interaction effects of the degree of internationalization and the type of diversification strategy, and on the direct effect of ownership structure.
Consumer Perceptions of “Functional Food” in the United States

There is a strong trend to market products that promise improved health in the United States. Functional food is a rather new concept promoting the healthfulness of foods. Functional food manufacturers should provide motivating and trustful marketing messages. However, since the term “functional foods” lacks definition, communication to consumers is challenging and can be confusing. This study investigates how U.S. consumers understand the concept of functional foods. An online survey containing 64 questions was structured to measure awareness, consumption, and trust toward functional foods. Based on a definition provided in the survey, a clear minority (15%) of the respondents (n = 1027) stated they had heard of functional foods before the survey. Compared to the respondents who had not heard of functional foods, they more often used whole wheat cereals, vegetable juice, carrots, toast with high fibre and green tea (Chi-square –test, p < 0.001). Food and drug administration (FDA), health associations, an...
Phosphorylation-independent desensitization of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor in porcine follicular membranes.

Phosphorylation of several G protein-coupled receptors mediates desensitization. This study determined whether LH/CG receptor was phosphorylated under conditions that promoted human CG (hCG)-induced desensitization. Cell-free desensitization of LH/CG receptor-mediated adenylylcyclase activity in porcine follicular membranes occurred in the presence of GTP and was time- and hCG dose-dependent, reaching 36-52% upon preincubation at 30 C for 40 min with 1.0 micrograms/ml hCG. However, under conditions that promoted GTP-dependent desensitization, there was no apparent phosphorylation of LH/CG receptor (obtained via immunoprecipitation) by endogenous membrane-associated protein kinases using [gamma-32P]GTP or [gamma-32P]ATP as phosphate donor. On the other hand, LH/CG receptor (88-90 kilodaltons) from both control and hCG-incubated membranes was phosphorylated in vitro by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A). However, protein kinase A (in the absence of exogenous GTP) did n...
What are the pathways of iontophoretic current flow through mammalian skin

Abstract The skin is an excellent barrier to the transport of charged compounds and large molecules. Many substances of present and potential therapeutic utility carry charge at physiological pH, have high molecular weights and/or are hydrophilic and, consequently, do not transport well across the skin. Pathways for the transport of small ions do appear to exist through the skin and flow along these pathways can be substantially enhanced by iontophoresis. The imposition of an exogenous transdermal potential may also create new routes of permeation. Iontophoretic transport appears to take place primarily at discrete sites, which are often referred to as ‘pores’; note, however, that the pores are not necessarily skin appendages. Paracellular transport also takes place and may be a major route of permeation. Binding within the skin and access to the circulation may constitute additional barriers, and the barrier function of the skin may be altered by iontophoresis. There is not an adequate in vivo or in vitro skin model for iontophoretic studies. An understanding of these conductive routes as well as whether and how they change (with time, current density, etc.) is essential for the optimization of transdermal drug delivery and the treatment of dermatologic conditions.
Cross-phase-modulation induced modulation instability in raman fiber amplifiers

Modulation instability in forward-pumped Raman amplifiers is investigated in detail. The frequency dependence of the instability is explained in terms of a two-beam coupling process due to a finite relaxation time of the Kerr nonlinearity.
Tumor detection at multiple scales

We describe detectors capable of locating small tumors of variable size in the highly textured anatomic backgrounds typical of gamma-ray images. The problem of inhomogeneous background noise is solved using a spatially adaptive statistical scaling operation, which effectively pre-whitens the data and leads to a very simple form of adaptive matched filter. Detecting tumors of variable size is accomplished by processing the images formed in a Laplacian pyramid, each of which contains a narrower range of tumor scales. We compare the performance of this pyramid technique with our earlier nonlinear detector, which detects small tumors according to their signature in curvature feature space, where 'curvature' is the local curvature of the image data when viewed as a relief map. Computed curvature values are mapped to a normalized significance space using a windowed t-statistic. The resulting test statistic is thresholded at a chosen level of significance to give a positive detection. Nonuniform anatomic background activity is effectively suppressed. This curvature detector works quite well over a large range of tumor scales, although not as well as the pyramid/adaptive matched filter scheme. None of the multiscale techniques tested perform at the level of the fixed scale detectors. Tests are performed using simulated tumors superimposed on clinical gamma-ray images.
Optimal Control Problems on Parallelizable Riemannian Manifolds: Theory and Applications

The motivation for this work is the real-time solution of a standard optimal control problem arising in robotics and aerospace applications. For example, the trajectory planning problem for air vehicles is naturally cast as an optimal control problem on the tangent bundle of the Lie Group SE(3), which is also a parallelizable Riemannian manifold. For an optimal control problem on the tangent bundle of such a manifold, we use frame co-ordinates and obtain first-order necessary conditions employing calculus of variations. The use of frame co-ordinates means that intrinsic quantities like the Levi-Civita connection and Riemannian curvature tensor appear in the equations for the co-states. The resulting equations are singularity-free and considerably simpler (from a numerical perspective) than those obtained using a local co-ordinates representation, and are thus better from a computational point of view. The first order necessary conditions result in a two point boundary value problem which we successfully solve by means of a Modified Simple Shooting Method.