cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Micro-Engineered Sythetical Extrocellular Metrix for Stem Cell Differentiation Study

We report the use of micromolded elastomeric micropost arrays to modulate substrate rigidity independently of effects on adhesive and other material surface properties. We demonstrate that micropost rigidity impacts cell morphology, focal adhesions, cytoskeletal contractility, and stem cell differentiation. Furthermore, these micropost arrays reveal that changes in cytoskeletal contractility can precede stem cell differentiation and be utilized as a non-destructive predictor for fate decisions at the single cell level.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Loopless Algorithms And SchrÖder Trees

The generation of all members of a combinatorial family, such as permutations, partitions of an integer or binary trees with n nodes, has long been of interest in the computer science community. The development of loopless algorithms for such generation has been of more recent concern. This paper is an introduction to the idea and development of loopless algorithms. It illustrates the creation of a number of such algorithms, including multiset permutations, Gray codes and binary trees, and a new one for the generation of Schroder trees.
The New Photographic Objective

THE letter of Sir Howard Grubb in your issue of March 8 (p. 439) appears to make some further explanation desirable on my part. The invention of the new form of photographic objective seems to have been made about the same time in America and in England. An experimental lens of this kind was constructed by the Messrs. Clark, after consultation with me, in May 1887. The 13-inch lens which they subsequently made upon the same plan was completed on July 8 of that year. My absence during the summer in Colorado, with the intention of selecting a place for the new instrument upon some mountain of considerable height, caused me to overlook the account of the English invention in the Observatory. Since my return, the telescope has been mounted in Cambridge, on the grounds of this institution, where it is found to give highly satisfactory results. Photographs of eta; Orionis which have been made with it exhibit the elongation of the star, although the distance between its components is only about 1″. The newspaper report to which Sir Howard Grubb refers, that a patent was granted for the invention, is without foundation. The Messrs. Clark have never patented any of the improvements made by them in optics, and have had no intention of deviating from their usual practice in this instance.
Human rotavirus-like particles in a hepatic abscess.

Les infections a rotavirus sont frequentes dans la petite enfance, mais leurs localisations extra-intestinales sont rares (1 publication d'une epidemie de 4 cas d'infection respiratoire en 1982). Un second exemple en est donne ici par l'isolement d'un rotavirus dans un abces du foie chez une fille de 10 mois. Discussion du diagnostic differentiel et du mode d'invasion du virus
Prior experience and the approach response in domestic chicks.

Abstract In a previous experiment it was found that banding chicks prior to testing inhibited the approach response. It was hypothesized that the tactile and visual stimulation of such treatment satiated, at least temporarily, the drive to respond to an imprinting apparatus. Experiment 1 was designed to determine whether handling in the light inhibited a chick's response toward and approach to the apparatus. Chicks handled took significantly longer to approach than non-handled controls. Experiment 2 was designed to test this difference further and to dissociate effects of handling in darkness and in light. It was found that handling in darkness had no effect on the number of responses while handling in light decreased the number of responses. A third experiment was designed to dissociate the sensory modalities involved. It was concluded (1) that tactile stimulation per se , i.e. handling in darkness, had no effect on the approach response, (2) that visual stimulation alone increases numbers of responses and approaches, and (3) that tactile-plus-visual stimulation inhibited a chick's tendency to respond toward and approach an imprinting apparatus. An experiment designed to test effects of prior socialization and handling indicated that isolate chicks show better approach responses than socials and that prior handling could mask this effect. When chicks were handled in the light at times other than just prior to testing, an age effect and/or a memory factor was introduced. Handling at 5 and 9 hr had no effect on the approach responses, while handling at 13, 17, and 23 hr post-hatching decreased such responses. Results were explained on the basis of a drive satiation hypothesis.
Analysis of Ventricular Dimension in the Unanesthetized Dog

Left ventricular dynamics was studied in the unanesthetized dog by an analysis of simultaneous recordings of left ventricular transverse dimension, pressure, and ascending aortic flow in 16 experiments while the dogs were reclining, standing, and during graded treadmill exercise. Statistical analysis of the dimension data revealed typical patterns of isovolumetric changes which suggest asynchronous contraction and relaxation. The fact that maximum and minimum dimension levels did not coincide with levels at onset and end of ejection led to the concept of the "effective" stroke shortening in the left ventricular transverse dimension. An ellipsoid of revolution was the best approximation of left ventricular shape while reclining and standing, but during exercise the shape constant decreased toward a paraboloid of revolution. Analysis of the data from correlation coefficients and by using the principle of the compression ratio, which is independent of shape, indicated that stroke shortening and stroke volume...
Thanks for the Fish but I'm Drowning!

Fred Douglis writes his farewell column as editor in chief. He discusses how social networking sites can add to the problem of information overload.
Effect of Loading Dose of Procaine Amide on Left Ventricular Performance in Man

The effects of loading dose of procaine amide (Pr Am) 50 mg per minute IV for 10 minutes were assessed in 14 patients with heart disease. The mean (±SEM) of the values prior to (C) and at the end of Pr Am infusion (A) were: blood Pr Am A 42±28 (SD) µg/ml, cardiac index (CI) C 2.6 (±0.187), A 2.3 (±0.17); mean aortic pressure (AO) C 93.5 (±5.2), A 86 (±5.4); left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) C 17 (±2.7), A 13 (±2.4); LV peak dp/dt C 1434 (±137), A 1205.4 (±105); left ventricular stroke work (LVSW) C 51 (±6.7), A 42 (±6.2), mean pulmonary artery pressure (PA) C 31 (±3.8), A 27 (±3.2). (These differences were significant (P
Single ventricle physiology: surgical options, indications and outcomes.

Purpose of reviewAmong the most frequently encountered congenital heart malformations are those with so-called single ventricle physiology, in which there is only one ventricle to pump blood to the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds, respectively. Long-term survival is possible, based on the princ
Ninein leads the way in vessel sprouting.

Angiogenic sprouting is required to form an interconnected network of blood vessels. Vessel sprouting is essentially the coordinated migration of a group of endothelial cells toward a signal source, such as VEGF. This group of cells needs a leader, and much recent work has focused on how the leader, or “tip cell,” is chosen. However, how the tip cell reorganizes it’s cellular machinery to specialize in forward movement is not well understood. In this issue, Matsumoto and colleagues have identified ninein as a microtubule-binding protein with a dynamic cellular localization in endothelial cells that correlates with the behavior of the cell.1 They have also elucidated a role for ninein in vessel tube formation in several models, thus providing the first evidence that ninein function is required for blood vessel formation. These findings help us begin to understand how extrinsic signals might link to cell behaviors in blood vessels, and they also have potential implications for cancer therapeutics, as discussed below. See accompanying article on page 2123 Ninein was identified as a centrosomal protein by Morgensen et al,2 and it can both nucleate and anchor microtubules at their minus-end. This suggests a complex relationship between ninein and microtubule (MT) dynamics in the cell, and …
Undecagold Cluster Labeling of Proteins at Reactive Cysteine Residues

Undecagold cluster labeling of reactive cysteine residues in numerous proteins has allowed the labeled sites to be identified by electron microscopy, providing high-resolution information on the location and orientation of subunits in oligomeric enzymes, virus capsids, crystalline sheets of membrane proteins, and muscle thin filaments. The range of applications of undecagold cluster labeling has been greatly extended by the availability of site-directed mutagenesis to introduce cysteine residues at sites of interest. In this paper I discuss factors that can influence the extent and specificity of labeling, methods for biochemical analysis of undecagold-labeled proteins, and the effects of undecagold cluster labeling on biological activity.
Key Foods: Setting Priorities for Nutrient Analyses

Abstract The Nutrient Data Laboratory is responsible for developing authoritative nutrient data bases that contain a wide range of food composition values for the United States’ food supply. This requires, in addition to other activities, updating and revising the USDA Nutrient Data Base for Standard Reference, the electronic counterpart to Agriculture Handbook No. 8, and supplying nutrient values for the Nationwide Food Surveys. However, with more than 5,200 food items in the data base and a complete nutrient profile costing approximately $2,000 for one sample, the analysis of every food item for every nutrient to meet user requirements is impossible. Consequently, priorities for analyzing foods and nutrients must be determined. Procedures using food consumption data and nutrient values for developing the Key Foods list are explained. Key Foods have been identified as those food components that contribute up to 80% of any one nutrient. When total nutrient contributions from these 527 Key Foods are aggregated, they account for approximately 90% of the nutrient content of the U.S. diet for the 30 nutrients examined. These Key Foods will form the core of the USDA future nutrient analyses contracts. The list of Key Foods as major food contributors of various nutrients is presented.
Time, temperature, and linear viscoelasticity

Linear viscoelastic bodies satisfy the Boltzmann superposition principle which permits the calculation of the effect of arbitrary stress or strain history in terms of creep or stress relaxation parameters, respectively. In such calculations, the temperature is not considered as an independent variable; rather, the temperature must be constant, and the stress relaxation and creep parameters used are for the given temperature. By assuming the validity of the time-temperature superposition principle, it is shown how an arbitrary thermal history may be included. By employing spring-dashpot model methods, Boltzmann's principle is generalized, leading to the concepts of equivalent stress σ(t) and equivalent time w(t), the latter concept having also been introduced for creep and stress relaxation by Hopkins. These quantities are defined by where t = time, p = density, T = temperature, and a[T(t), T(0)] is the time-temperature shift factor between temperatures T(0) and T(t). In terms of the equivalent stress and equivalent time, Boltzmann's principle for shear remains the same as for the isothermal case with stress relaxation or creep parameters at the initial temperature, T(0). In the case of tensile experiments, the observed strain must be corrected for thermal expansion.
Mastitis, a Radiographic, Clinical, and Histopathologic Review

Mastitis is a benign inflammatory process of the breast with heterogeneous histopathological findings, which clinically and radiographically may mimic a mammary carcinoma. We undertook a retrospective study on 37 cases of mastitis in our institution to correlate the radiographic imaging features and the clinical presentation with the histopathological findings. Histologically, there were 21 granulomatous, 7 fibrous, 3 plasma cell, 3 lupus, 2 lymphocytic, and 1 case of acute mastitis. Radiographically, 16/25 (64%) patients with ultrasound studies showed irregular hypoechoic masses suspicious for malignancy. Clinically, 38% of patients had an associated systemic disease.
Planning, Spatial, and Technological Considerations of Restructuring in the U.S. Woodworking Industry

This article examines recent changes in the U.S. woodworking industry (the furniture and wood products sectors) using government, industry, and trade association data as well as primary data collected through surveys. The woodworking industry is geographically concentrated; its location is influenced by the source of its primary inputs as well as by the location of growing economies with high construction activity. The industry tends to follow the business cycle, but its domestic growth opportunities are increasingly infringed upon by rising wood products and furniture imports. How successfully the U.S. woodworking industry holds its market share will increasingly depend on the implementation of advanced woodworking machine tools within its production approach. This article concludes by discussing how successful “growing” of the woodworking industry may be for the regional economies that are seeking to do so.
Atypical infantile spinomuscular atrophy presenting as acute diaphragmatic paralysis

Two infants with progressive spinomuscular atrophy presented with severe diaphragmatic dysfunction, increasing to 9 the number of cases with this clinically distinctive variant of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease. The anterior horn cell lesion was generalized but was exceptionally severe in the cervical spinal cord of our cases. Fiber size disproportion in serial thigh muscle samples indicated that qualitative neuronal dysfunction preceded appearance of typical denervation. Shoulder girdle muscle biopsy may be more appropriate in these infants, whose prognosis appears to be universally poor.
Land Use Planning Tools and Institutional Change in Germany: Recent Developments in Local and Regional Planning

This paper seeks to understand how recent social, economic and institutional developments have affected the land use planning tools and instruments that German planners have at their disposal. Although traditional planning practice was focused on the equitable distribution of services and infrastructure and managing growth within a highly structured plan approval process, planning tools at both the local and regional level have become increasingly concerned with enhancing local or regional competitiveness, primarily through the inclusion of a greater number of actors in formulating land use decisions. I argue, however, that despite these changes, the overall institutional framework, which revolves around legal and procedural concerns such as the plan approval process or the granting of building permission, has generally remained unaffected, and a significant gap exists, particularly at the regional level, between the strategic goals of regional governance and actual land use planning tools.
Functional consequences of tooth design: effects of blade shape on energetics of cutting.

SUMMARY Dental structures capture, retain and fragment food for ingestion. Gnathostome dentition should be viewed in the context of the prey9s material properties. Animal muscle and skin are mechanically tough materials that resist fragmentation unless energy is continually supplied directly to the tip of the fracture by some device such as a blade edge. Despite the variety of bladed tooth morphologies in gnathostomes, few studies have experimentally examined the effects of different blade designs on cutting efficiency. We tested the effects of blades with and without contained notches and in a `fang9 configuration on the force and energy required to fracture raw, unprocessed biological tissues (fish and shrimp) using a double guillotine device. Blade design strongly affects the work required to fragment biological tissues. A notched blade reduced the work to fracture of tissues tested by up to 600 J m–2 (50% reduction). The specific angle of the notch had a significant effect, with acute angles more effectively reducing work to fracture. A bladed triangle matched to a notch reduced work to fracture more than a notch–straight blade pair. Strain patterns seen while cutting photoelastic gelatin indicate that the reduction in work to fracture with triangular and notched blades arises from a combination of `trapping ability9 and blade approach angle causing the material to fracture at lower overall strain levels. These results show that the notched blade designs found in a wide variety of vertebrate dentitions reduce the energy expenditure (and presumably handling time) when cutting tough prey materials like animal flesh.
Light-induced changes in the fluorescence yield of chlorophyll a in Anacystis nidulans II. The fast changes and the effect of photosynthetic inhibitors on both the fast and slow fluorescence induction

(1) The intensity dependence and spectral variations during the fast transient of chlorophyll a (Chi a) fluorescence have been analyzed in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. (Unlike the case of eukaryotic unicellular green or red algae, the fast fluorescence induction characteristics of the prokaryotic blue-green algae had not been documented before.) (2) Dark adapted cells of Anacystis exhibit two types of fluctuations in the fluorescence yield when excited with bright orange light (absorbed mainly in phycocyanin). The first kinetic pattern called the fast (sec) fluorescence transient exhibits a characteristic original level O, intermediary hump I, a pronounced dip D, peak P and a transitory small decline to a quasi steady state S. After attaining S, fluorescence yield slowly rises to a maximum level M. From M, the decline in fluorescence yield to a terminal T level is extremely slow as shown earlier by Papageorgiou and Govindjee (#). As compared with green and red algae, blue-green algae seem to have a small PS decline and a very characteristic slow SM rise, with a M level much higher than the peak P. (3) A prolonged dark adaptation and relatively high intensity of exciting illumination are required to evoke DPS type yield fluctuations in Anacystis. At low to moderate intensities of exciting light, the time for the development of P depends on light doses, but for M, this remains constant at these intensities. (4) Fluorescence emission was heterogeneous during the induction period in Anacystis; the P and the M levels were relatively enriched in short-wavelength system II Chi a emission as compared to D and S levels. (5) The fast DPS transient was found to be affected by electron transport cofactor (methyl viologen), and inhibitors (e.g., DCMU, NH2OH) in a manner suggesting that these changes are mostly related to the oxido-reduction level of intermediates between the two photosystems. On the other hand, the slow SM changes in fluorescence yield, as reported earlier (5, 15), parallel oxygen evolution. These changes were found to be resistant to a variety of electron transport inhibitors (O-phenanthroline, HOQNO, salicylaldoxime, DCMU, NH2OH and Antimycin a). It is suggested that, in Anacystis,
Energy Efficiency: The Best Immediate Option for a Secure, Clean, and Healthy Future

ABSTRACT The imperatives for reducing the world's dependence on fossil and nuclear fuels have multiplied manifold in recent years with the advent of worldwide terrorism. These new dangers come in addition to the imperatives of addressing the dire consequences of global warming and devastating pollution that accompany the use of these fossil fuels. Reducing dependence on these unsafe and unreliable energy resources should be a top global priority. Implementation of proven energy efficiency technologies offers the world the fastest, safest, most economic, and most environmentally benign way to alleviate these threats. This article outlines available efficiency measures, their economic advantages, and means by which they may be and have been implemented. While examples of efficiency applications from both developed and developing countries are given, the article relies heavily on experience with energy efficiency in the United States, where data on efficiency is particularly abundant.
The LASL Multi-Computer Van De Graaff Control and Graphic Display System and Experiments with Automatic Beam Optimization

The LASL Van de Graaff Facility includes two accelerators, an 8 MeV vertical and a 16 MeV tandem. Subsystems are being monitored and controlled by a Honeywell H610 process control computer. To improve the man/computer/accelerator communication an Adage AGT-10 graphics system was obtained. Presently the AGT-10 is connected to the H610 and a XDS-930 computer used for data acquisition. Control and monitoring functions have been implemented using the graphics system. It has proved particularly valuable in the optimization problem where many variables may be changed simultaneously. Multi-parameter optimization algorithms suitable for nonlinear objective functions with constraints are being tested on the tandem. Ones which have large tolerance to variations in the measured quantities and fast convergence are being sought. Results to date are given.
Ambient Temperature, but Not Paternity, is Associated with Immune Response in Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis)

ABSTRACT. Females may engage in extrapair copulations to receive indirect benefits in the form of more immunocompetent young. Nestling quality is often assessed by examining immune function using the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test, which can be a predictor of nestling recruitment. However, the PHA test can also be influenced by factors such as nest temperature. We tested the prediction that extrapair young mount greater immune responses to a PHA challenge and recruit at a greater rate than within-pair young in a wild population of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis). We also investigated ambient temperature and its relationship with immune response. Extra-and within-pair young did not significantly differ with respect to PHA-induced immune response or with respect to recruitment. In contrast to other studies, we found that PHA-induced immune response was not associated with nestling recruitment rates. However, it was positively correlated with minimum ambient temperature for males hatched in...
Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy: Neuropsychiatric Manifestations:

Portal-systemic encephalopathy, which occurs as a consequence of cirrhosis of the liver, is associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Problems related to the differential diagnosis and medical management of portal-systemic encephalopathy, as compared to other more usual psychiatric disorders, are discussed. Also addressed are issues of particular concern to psychiatry, such as the use of pharmacotherapeutics and the rehabilitation of alcoholism, which are commonly seen in individuals with portal-systemic encephalopathy and liver disease, as well as in the general psychiatric patient population.
The stationary axisymmetric two‐body problem in general relativity

We continue our study, begun in [7], into the stationary axisymmetric solutions of the Einstein vacuum equations containing two (or more) black holes. This problem reduces to an elliptic system of nonlinear partial differential equations with prescribed blow-up as boundary conditions. We show the existence of solutions to the reduced system for any value of the five parameters of the problem. We show some regularity at the poles of the horizons. Using this result, we simplify the formula for the angle of deficiency of the conical singularity on the component of the axis of symmetry between the two horizons. This is to be interpreted as the gravitational force between rotating black holes. We also prove that the metrics constructed from solutions of the reduced system are indeed asymptotically flat.
Gold nanocages with built-in artificial antibodies for label-free plasmonic biosensing

We demonstrate that gold nanocages (AuNCs) with built-in artificial antibodies enable the detection of kidney injury biomarker from synthetic urine down to a concentration of 25 ng ml−1. Molecularly imprinted AuNCs exhibit excellent selectivity against numerous interfering urinary proteins and remarkable stability over a wide range of pH and specific gravity.
Effect Of Kinetic Therapy on Pulmonary Complications

• BACKGROUND Optimal turning of critically ill patients is not well established. Kinetic therapy (systematic mechanical rotation of patients with 40° turns) may improve pulmonary function more than the improvement in function achieved via the standard of care (turning patients every 2 hours). • OBJECTIVE To determine (1) if patients receiving mechanical ventilation who tolerate kinetic therapy have better pulmonary function than do patients treated with standard turning and (2) the cost-effectiveness of kinetic therapy. • METHODS A prospective, randomized, multicenter study including 234 medical, surgical, and trauma patients (137 control patients, 97 patients receiving kinetic therapy). • RESULTS Kinetic therapy significantly decreased the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and lobar atelectasis. The risk of pneumonia developing was lower (P = .002) in patients receiving kinetic therapy than in the control patients. The risk of lobar atelectasis developing was decreased (P = .02) for the patients receiving kinetic therapy. Lengths of stay in the intensive care unit and in the hospital did not differ between the groups. Charges for intensive care were less in the kinetic therapy group ($81 700) than in the control group ($84 958), but not significantly less. Twenty-one patients did not tolerate kinetic therapy and were not included in the analysis. • CONCLUSION Kinetic therapy helps prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia and lobar atelectasis in critically ill patients. Costs to rent the bed may be offset by the potential cost reduction associated with kinetic therapy. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2004;13:376-383)
Distributed packet processing in P2P networks

In this paper, we propose a distributed packet processing algorithm on a peer-to-peer (P2P) network with the objective to minimize the total processing time. We consider an arbitrary P2P network comprising heterogeneous nodes interconnected via heterogeneous links. Each node on the network has its own local workload to be processed and is ready to share its extra processing power among other peer nodes upon request. We distribute the workload of a host to its peers by organizing them into an efficient resource tree. Since the key idea of this algorithm is to effectively share the available resources on the network by processing the load in a distributed manner, we refer to this approach as resource sharing distributed load processing (RSDLP) algorithm. We evaluate the performance with rigorous simulation experiments under generic system parameters.
DNA Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Ampullary Carcinoma A Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Study of 54 Cases

The significance of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency or microsatellite instability (MSI) in ampullary carcinomas remains to be defined. This study evaluated the MMR status in 54 consecutive ampullary adenocarcinomas by immunohistochemical and morphologic studies. All tumors were moderately (n = 49) or poorly (n = 5) differentiated, with 7 mucinous and 1 signet-ring cell type. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were noted in 36 tumors. Loss of MMR protein by immunohistochemical analysis was identified in 3 (6%), 2 lost MSH6, and 1 lost MLH1/PMS2. One MSH6- case had 3 metachronous colorectal cancers. Five TILs per 10 high-power fields predicted immunohistochemical abnormality in 2 of 3 tumors with a specificity of 80% (41/51); however, none of the 5 tumors that had the highest TIL counts (20-62/10 high-power fields) showed abnormal immunohistochemical results. Thus, MMR deficiency occurs in ampullary carcinoma but appears less frequent than in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Typical MSI-high histologic features of CRC, such as increased TIL counts, seem to have similar yet subtly different implications in ampullary carcinoma.
Fuzzy c-means clustering with prior biological knowledge

We propose a novel semi-supervised clustering method called GO Fuzzy c-means, which enables the simultaneous use of biological knowledge and gene expression data in a probabilistic clustering algorithm. Our method is based on the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm and utilizes the Gene Ontology annotations as prior knowledge to guide the process of grouping functionally related genes. Unlike traditional clustering methods, our method is capable of assigning genes to multiple clusters, which is a more appropriate representation of the behavior of genes. Two datasets of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) expression profiles were applied to compare our method with other state-of-the-art clustering methods. Our experiments show that our method can produce far better biologically meaningful clusters even with the use of a small percentage of Gene Ontology annotations. In addition, our experiments further indicate that the utilization of prior knowledge in our method can predict gene functions effectively. The source code is freely available at http://sysbio.fulton.asu.edu/gofuzzy/.
Graphical approach to evaluate genetic estimates of calf survival

Genetic variation and resemblance among relatives are fundamentals of quantitative genetics. Our purpose was to identify bulls with a bimodal pattern of inheritance in the quest for new discoveries about the inheritance of calf survival. A bimodal pattern of inheritance for calf survival was identified in sons of Holstein bulls. A bimodal pattern of inheritance indicates 2 groups of sons resulting from an allele effect, a grandsire effect, or some other common factor. Different combinations (AA, Aa, aa) of 2 alleles at a locus cause varying phenotypes to be expressed. Bulls that are heterozygous for loci affecting reproductive performance may have a bimodal pattern of inheritance if the difference in effect of the 2 alleles is large. If the bimodal pattern is caused by an allele effect, then molecular markers can be identified for use in marker-assisted selection breeding programs. Data on predicted transmitting ability for perinatal survival for the first parity of 8,678 sons of 599 sires were collected from 1984 through 1997 from the National Association of Animal Breeders calving ease database, which included 7 Midwestern states. Sixteen bulls were identified with a potential bimodal pattern of inheritance because they had 2 distinct groups of sons. The 2 groups of sons were separated by calculating the coefficient of variation for each possible combination of sons; the combination that gave the smallest coefficient of variation difference between the 2 groups was considered the correct distribution of the sons into those groups. Bulls with a bimodal distribution were analyzed to determine the distribution of the grandsons among the maternal grandsires (MGS) of the 2 groups of the bimodal distribution. The bimodal distribution may be a result of heterozygous sires or MGS that are homozygous for low or high survival. If the bimodal distribution is caused by a MGS effect, then marker-assisted selection can still be used by evaluating the MGS instead of the sires.
Effect of Duodenal Freezing on the Secretin Mechanism.

Conclusions1. Experience with 17 dogs subjected to duodenal freezing for 10 minutes suggests that secretin release to acid stimulation of the duodenum is significantly impaired for at least 3 months. Average total response to HCl instillation in the post-freeze duodenum is 28.2% of control mean response. More prolonged periods of freezing do not result in greater depression. 2. No evidence of significant pancreatic derangement has been found to result from duodenal freezing. 3. If the duodenum is exposed to air during the freezing process, there is a significant incidence of duodenal necrosis, which was not observed with intraperitoneal freezing for 10 minutes.
Garden Symphylan: Reproduction and Development in the Laboratory

Scutigerella immaculata (Newport) exhibited a reproductive periodicity in the laboratory consisting of a 2-month period during which large numbers of eggs were deposited followed by a 3- to 4-month period of very low egg deposition. The amplitude of the peaks of oviposition gradually decreased during the 18 months of the experiment because of cannibalism on the eggs and a reduction in the number of eggs deposited, both of which were attributed to overcrowding. Results of an experiment in which adult symphylans were collected from the field at monthly intervals showed that soil temperature was a major factor governing reproduction in the field. The rate of oviposition of field-collected symphylans held at room temperature was higher when the average soil temperatures were low than for symphylans collected in the field when temperatures were high. Adults collected in the field, when soil temperatures were low oviposited readily at room temperature (5.2 days) compared with symphylans collected when temperatures were high (23.5 days). These data suggest that mature eggs were present in the ovaries during months when soil temperatures were low but were not deposited in the field became of low soil temperature. Results of experiments on the developmental rate of symphylans indicate that stadial development is temperature dependent. The incubation period for eggs was 39.8±3.6 days at 10, 24.9±2.4 days al 20, and 12.8±2.2 days at 25. The duration of all immature stadia was 120.0 days at 10, 658 days at 20, and 40.4 days at 25. Total developmental time from egg to adult was 159.9 days at 10, 86.6 days at 20, and 53.2 days at 25. Immature symphylans, in the 1st stadium, did not molt at 0, although they survived an average of 15.8 ±8.4 days at this temperature.
Adoption and Foster Care by Lesbian and Gay Parents in the United States

Discussion and debate about adoption and foster care by gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) parents occurs frequently among policymakers, social service agencies, and social workers. Three states currently restrict GLB people from adopting and more are considering similar policies. This report provides new information on GLB adoption and foster care from several government data sources. It offers a demographic portrait of the estimated 65,500 adopted children and 14,100 foster children living with gay and lesbian parents. It also assesses the costs to child welfare systems of proposed bans on allowing GLB people to foster.
The Burdens of Love

While we primarily love individual persons, we also love our work, our homes, our activities and causes. To love is to be engaged in an active concern for the objective well-being—the thriving—of whom and what we love. True love mandates discovering in what that well-being consists and to be engaged in the details of promoting it. Since our loves are diverse, we are often conflicted about the priorities among the obligations they bring. Loving requires constant contextual improvisatory adjustment of priorities among our commitments. Besides delighting in—and being enhanced by—the presence and existence of another person (a place, an institution, profession), love requires extended reflection and work.
THE EFFECT OF MUCIN ON EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION WITH EPIDEMIC TYPE B ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN WHITE MICE

1.It has been proved that mucin has an enhancing effect on experimental epidemic type B encephalitis infection in white mice.The effect is more marked in older mice than in younger ones.As previously reported by Chang [11] and Wong,Liu and Huang [12] and further confirmed by our experience,the LD_(50) for mice of 16-18gm.body weight lies usually around 10~(-3) when the virus was suspended in inactivated normal rabbit serum and inoculated intraperitoneally. But,as shown by our experiments,when the virus was suspended in 3 per cent muein instead of rabbit serum a 1,000 to 10,000 fold increase in infectivity has been observed,viz,LD_(50)=10~(-6) to 10~(-7). 2.Groups of mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with virus suspensions of various concentrations,and titrations were made on their brain for virus content at different intervals.It was revealed that when the inoculum was heavy,virus could be found to have entered the brain tissue within 24 hours after inoculation no matter the virus suspension was made with rabbit serum or mucin emulsion.However,when the inoculum was small,the effect of mucin became evident.Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with the sauna amount of virus suspension,namely,0.3 ml.of 10~(-6) dilution,but using different diluents, i.e.,10 per cent inactivated normal rabbit serum or 3 per cent mucin respectively. No virus could be detected in the brain of mice receiving virus suspension in rabbit serum during the first 96 hours,while,definite propagation of virus was demonstrated in the brain of mice receiving virus suspension in mucin within 24 hours after inoculation.Furthermore,when mice of 7-9 gm.body weight were inoculated intraperitoneally with epidemic type B encephalitis virus sus- pension in 3 per cent mucin,virus could be detected in the brain as early as one hour after inoculation,provided the inoculum was heavy enough.(viz,10~(-3)). 3.The practical application of mucin in the potency test of epidemic type B encephalitis immune serum and,possibly of vaccine as well,has been suggested.
Theory Analysis and Engineering Application of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Grouting

This paper is aimed to study complex circumstance in railway engineering,hydraulic engineering and construction of coal mines,tunnels and shafts and tunnels can smoothly through the landslide area,soft soil geological condition.According to these projects with the long driving distance,shallow buried depth,high environmental protection requirements,using grouting technology for tunnel surrounding soil reinforcement due to the high pressure,jet grouting mechanism is analyzed.Mechanical model of soil around tunnel is established,and the corresponding characteristic parameters used in mechanical analysis are selected.Calculation formula of solid pressure,are derived which can be used in engineering practice,and achieved good reinforcement effect,speed up the progress of the project,and reduce the cost of the project.Using high pressure jet grouting in soft soil,landslide control in mine inclined shaft and water conservancy culvert surrounding soil are effective reinforcement approach,the mechanical model and the analysis method of this paper are feasible.
Modern agricultural information service mode, theory and approach of engineering integration

Based on investigation of country information service system, and information demand of pre-production,mid-production, post-production exploring, agricultural information service mode is divided into three types, they are production dominant, market dominant and government dominant by the characteristic of information technology. Engineering integration approach of modern agricultural information service modes are estimated by analyzing characteristic of every agriculture information service mode. The approach proposes correspondence relationship between information content and information technology, will be assistance to resolve the chaos on the modern agriculture information service mode.
Systems in Evolutionary Systems Biology

Systems approaches to biology and genome evolution are becoming increasingly important. Since the 1920s, the New Evolutionary Synthesis has been constructing an increasingly coherent view of evolution by synthesizing ideas from different parts of biology. Further progress of this relentless synthesis will increasingly depend on crossing disciplinary boundaries, complex simulations of biological systems, and reliable reproducibility. Evolutionary Systems Biology (EvoSysBio) is defined here as working toward integrated interactive overviews of dynamic multi-dimensional fitness landscapes that are testable in the real world and enable the prediction of evolution. EvoSysBio further formalizes the New Synthesis as illustrated here for cancer and antibiotics resistance evolution.
Paradigm Development for Identifying and Validating Indicators of Trust in Automation in the Operational Environment of Human Automation Integration

Calibrated trust in an automation is a key factor supporting full integration of the human user into human automation integrated systems. True integration is a requirement if system performance is to meet expectations. Trust in automation TiA has been studied using surveys, but thus far no valid, objective indicators of TiA exist. Further, these studies have been conducted in tightly controlled laboratory environments and therefore do not necessarily translate into real world applications that might improve joint system performance. Through a literature review, constraints on an operational paradigm aimed at developing indicators of TiA were established. Our goal in this paper was to develop an operational paradigm designed to develop valid TiA indicators using methods from human factors and cognitive neuroscience. The operational environment chosen was driving automation because most adults are familiar with the task and its consequent structure and therefore required little training. Initial behavioral and survey data confirm that the design constraints were met. We therefore believe that our paradigm provides a valid means of performing operational experiments aimed at further understanding TiA and its psychophysiological underpinnings.
BRCA Patient Population

Less than 10 % of breast cancers are due to hereditary triggers. The majority are hereditary mutations in single, dominant genes although more recent hypotheses are suggesting the implication of yet unidentified genes in a larger proportion of the sporadic cluster of breast cancers.
Bundling Evidence for Layered Attestation

Systems designed with measurement and attestation in mind are often layered, with the lower layers measuring the layers above them. Attestations of such systems, which we call layered attestations, must bundle together the results of a diverse set of application-specific measurements of various parts of the system. Some methods of layered attestation are more trustworthy than others especially in the presence of an adversary that can dynamically corrupt system components. It is therefore important for system designers to understand the trust consequences of different designs. This paper presents a formal framework for reasoning about layered attestations. We identify inference principles based on the causal effects of dynamic corruption, and we propose a method for bundling evidence that is robust to such corruptions.
Information Literacy: More to Learn--and Teach!

Robert Phillips is Associate Dean of Libraries at A. Webb Roberts Library at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, Texas. The emphasis on information literacy has moved library instruction to a new level. before, we focused on the library as the repository of information, on the tools librarians had created to manage that repository, and on the librarians themselves with their accumulated training, experience, and knowledge of both the place and the tools. Yet without formal instruction, students learned that no longer are libraries the only source for information; that computer programmers can also create tools for information retrieval; and that librarians, though knowledgeable, are not always available when needed. librarians must counter this trend by saying, “Wait, we weren’t finished. There is still more to learn.”
Improving quality of life and decreasing readmissions in heart failure patients in a multidisciplinary transition-to-care clinic

Abstract Objectives The purpose was to pilot the feasibility and impact of a 4-week transition-to-care program on quality of life for heart failure patients. Background The transition from the acute care to the outpatient setting has been shown to be a critical time with heart failure patients. Methods A pre- and post-test design was used. Quality of Life, measured by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, and hospital readmissions were the outcomes. A convenience sample of 50 persons was recruited into a multidisciplinary transition-to-care program for heart failure patients following hospitalization. Thirty-six (72%) completed the study. Results There was a significant improvement in quality of life. Men reported greater improvement in physical symptoms and less emotional distress when compared to women. Only 2 participants were readmitted within 30 days. Conclusions Study findings support improved quality of life and decreased readmission rates following a multidisciplinary transition-to care program for heart failure patients.
Extremal Solutions of the Two-DimensionalL-Problem of Moments

By using the theory of the principal function of a hyponormal operator with rank-one self-commutator, one classifies some extremal points of the solutions of the truncatedL-problem of moments in two real variables. These extremal elements, called degenerated solutions of theL-problem, are proved to be in a natural bijective correspondence with the bounded quadrature domains in the complex plane. The main result of the paper characterizes these degenerated solutions from three distinct perspectives: complex analysis, moment problems, and operator theory. The interplay between the three points of view, each with specific techniques, constitutes the main body of the paper.
REVENUE RETURN ON INVESTMENT FOR CENTER INVOLVEMENT IN A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT COLLABORATIVE FOR A RARE DISEASE: NATIONAL PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY QUALITY IMPROVEMENT COLLABORATIVE

Background: Clinical centers in the National Pediatric Quality Improvement Collaborative (NPC-QIC) partner with parents of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) to improve care and outcomes. Collaboration in NPC-QIC requires a cost for participating centers. Our objective was to
Endoluminal Bariatric Procedures

Obesity is a disease that is growing in burden. It is estimated that over 1.4 billion people worldwide suffer from obesity, and 68% of Americans are considered overweight or obese. While bariatric surgery has also increased in popularity over the last two decades, the morbidity of these procedures has led investigators to develop less invasive therapies that may cause weight loss and resolution of comorbid conditions associated with obesity. There are two intragastric balloons on the market in the USA, which have been widely available in Europe and other countries, and three more remain under investigation but should be available soon. These balloons are typically placed endoscopically and are removed after a duration of months. Other novel technologies to treat obesity that are under investigation include endoscopic suturing devices to create anatomic simulations of bariatric procedures, endoluminal sleeves that create malabsorptive states, aspiration therapy to reduce caloric intake, duodenal mucosal resurfacing to induce malabsorption, and endoscopic magnetic anastomotic devices to create intestinal bypasses. These new devices may eventually become part of a growing toolbox for surgeons and endoscopists to offer therapy to morbidly obese patients in a much less invasive manner than bariatric surgery, although more data are needed.