cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Syntactic Position and the Interpretation of Temporal Adjectives

L'analyse des proprietes syntaxiques et interpretatives des adjectifs temporels de l'espagnol pose un probleme interessant compte tenu que l'interpretation [+temporel] et l'ordre nom-adjectif ne sont pas univocaux. L'analyse minimaliste de la position de l'adjectif temporel proposee dans cet article se base sur l'hypothese que DP contient une projection TP a l'interieur de laquelle le trait [+temp] peut etre verifie. D'apres cette hypothese, tous les noms sont associes a un trait optionnel temporel a leur entree dans la composante computationnelle. Lorsqu'ils entrent dans une relation syntaxique avec un terme ayant une valeur [+temp], le trait temporel auquel ils sont associes doit etre verifie, Le deplacement de l'adjectif peut avoir lieu de facon manifeste, auquel cas celui-ci se retrouve en position pre-nominale verifiant le trait [+temp] a Spell-Out, ou de facon non manifeste, l'adjectif apparaissant alors en position post-nominale verifiant le trait [+temp] a l'interface LF.
Improving needle biopsy accuracy in small renal mass using tumor-specific DNA methylation markers.

// Sameer Chopra 1,* , Jie Liu 2,* , Mehrdad Alemozaffar 1 , Peter W. Nichols 3 , Manju Aron 3 , Daniel J. Weisenberger 4 , Clayton K. Collings 1 , Sumeet Syan 1 , Brian Hu 5 , Mihir Desai 1 , Monish Aron 1 , Vinay Duddalwar 6 , Inderbir Gill 1 , Gangning Liang 1 and Kimberly D. Siegmund 2 1 Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 2 Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 3 Department of Pathology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 5 Department of Urology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA 6 Department of Radiology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Gangning Liang, email: // Kimberly D. Siegmund , email: // Keywords : small renal mass, tumor classification, DNA methylation, kidney cancer Received : July 29, 2016 Accepted : September 20, 2016 Published : September 27, 2016 Abstract Purpose: The clinical management of small renal masses (SRMs) is challenging since the current methods for distinguishing between benign masses and malignant renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are frequently inaccurate or inconclusive. In addition, renal cancer subtypes also have different treatments and outcomes. High false negative rates increase the risk of cancer progression and indeterminate diagnoses result in unnecessary and potentially morbid surgical procedures. Experimental Design: We built a predictive classification model for kidney tumors using 697 DNA methylation profiles from six different subgroups: clear cell, papillary and chromophobe RCC, benign angiomylolipomas, oncocytomas, and normal kidney tissues. Furthermore, the DNA methylation-dependent classifier has been validated in 272 ex vivo needle biopsy samples from 100 renal masses (71% SRMs). Results: In general, the results were highly reproducible (89%, n =70) in predicting identical malignant subtypes from biopsies. Overall, 98% of adjacent-normals ( n =102) were correctly classified as normal, while 92% of tumors ( n =71) were correctly classified malignant and 86% of benign ( n =29) were correctly classified benign by this classification model. Conclusions: Overall, this study provides molecular-based support for using routine needle biopsies to determine tumor classification of SRMs and support the clinical decision-making.
Real-Time Enhancement of Medical Ultrasound Images

Ultrasound provides a useful means of obtaining real-time images of internal body tissues with non-ionizing radiation. The real-time capability of ultrasound imaging allows the operator to select desired images interactively. The images obtained represent the actual tissue structure being imaged quite well; and, since ultrasound is not ionizing radiation, it is safe. There are, however, some problems inherent to ultrasound imaging that require special processing. The large dynamic range of the return signal presents a problem that can be alleviated by using some type of logarithmic amplifier. Another common problem is echo attenuation as signals are returned from deeper portions of the imaging area. This problem is solved by increasing amplification as the depth increases (time/gain compensation). Additionally, an ultrasound image usually has low contrast, therefore details in the darker regions are often not perceptible. The contrast of the image can be stretched using any of a number of contrast-enhancement methods such as histogram modification. Finally, the ultrasonic beam, having a depth-variant width, causes the image to be somewhat blurred. The image may be high-pass filtered in order to sharpen the blurred features. Techniques for deblurring include inversion and local feature enhancement. The latter two problems will be addressed in this paper.
Towards an Open Source Software Development Life Cycle

We develop an Open Source Software (OSS) development lifecycle model by conducting a longitudinal mixed method (qualitative and computational) analysis of a medium-scale OSS project – Ruby on Rails...
FDA Food Safety Resarch and the Role of USDA in the Identification and Control of Salmonella

The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the inhouse research arm of the Department of Agriculture, that is, ARS performs all the research for the Department, except that carried out by the Forest Service. In addition the agency meets major research needs of industry stakeholders. This approximately $700M, is spread over 7 different areas: soil, water and air; plant sciences, animal sciences, commodity conversion and delivery, human nutrition research, integration of agricultural systems, and finally agricultural information and library services. The National Agricultural Library has now been combined administratively with the ARS for about 2 years. These research programs are carried out in 106 research locations and 35 worksites.
Origins and Outcomes of Strategy in Nascent Ecosystems

Prior research examines firm strategy within the context of established ecosystems. This study investigates nascent ecosystems. Through an in-depth, multiple-case study of firms in the US residenti...
Robustness Analysis of Linear Systems with Nonlinear Uncertain Parameters

Abstract Sufficient conditions for the robust stability of Hurwitz matrices under time-invariant uncertainties are extended to the nonlinear time-varying case. The obtained criterion, formulated as a convex program, provides for the quadratic stability of a polytopic linear differential inclusion. The stability of the convex hull of time-varying vertex matrices is also treated. In two example cases, from the areas of fuzzy and int,elligent control, the stability analysis of the control system, is performed using tools derived for the robustness of a corresponding nominal system.
Abstract 5270: Disease subtype independent biomarkers of breast cancer prevention by withaferin a

Breast cancer is a rather complex and heterogeneous disease broadly grouped into four major subtypes, including luminal-type, basal-like, HER2 amplified, and normal-like, and each with a distinct molecular signature. A non-toxic chemopreventive intervention efficacious against different subtypes of breast cancer is still a clinically unmet need. The present study not only demonstrates chemoprevention of breast cancer in rats by the Ayurvedic medicine phytochemical withaferin A (WA) but also identifies its mechanistic biomarkers common to different subtypes of this disease. Chemopreventive efficacy of WA (4 and 8 mg per kg body weight) was determined using a rat model of breast cancer induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). The mechanisms underlying breast cancer chemoprevention by WA were elucidated by western blotting, biochemical assays, immunohistochemistry, and cytokine profiling using plasma and tumors from the MNU-rat and/or mouse mammary tumor virus-neu (MMTV-neu) models. Inhibitory effect of WA on exit from mitosis and leptin-induced oncogenic signaling was determined using MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Incidence, multiplicity, and burden of MNU-induced breast cancer in rats were decreased by WA administration. For example, the tumor weight in the 8 mg per kg group was lower by 67% compared with controls (P = 0.004). Mitotic arrest and apoptosis induction were common determinants of breast cancer chemoprevention by WA in the MNU-rat and MMTV-neu models. Cytokine profiling showed suppression of plasma leptin levels by WA in rats. WA inhibited leptin-induced oncogenic signaling in cultured MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. WA is a promising phytochemical with the ability to inhibit at least two different subtypes of breast cancer, including neu-driven estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer in MMTV-neu model and MNU-induced ER+ breast cancer in rats. This study was supported by the grant RO1 CA142604-07 awarded by the National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: Eun-Ryeong Hahm, Suman K. Samanta, Anuradha Sehrawat, Su-Hyeong Kim, Subrata K. Pore, Krishna B. Singh, Susan M. Christner, Yongli Shuai, Jan H. Beumer, Ruchi Roy, Nancy E. Davidson, Shivendra V. Singh. Disease subtype independent biomarkers of breast cancer prevention by withaferin a [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5270. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5270
Mapping Social and Gender Inequalities: An Analysis of Art and New Media Work Created by Adolescent Girls in a Juvenile Arbitration Program

This chapter describes the collaborative analysis of artwork created by first-time female offenders participating in a juvenile justice program. Using a feminist intersectional framework, the authors identified sociocultural obstacles and inequalities represented in the teenage girls’ art and digital media work and generated a conceptual rhizomatic map of overlapping and interconnected themes. Relationships, body image, and agency were salient themes woven throughout the artwork. Participants addressed diverse issues ranging from partner violence, peer pressure, family conflicts, sexualized social norms, bullying, and media influence to alternative concept of beauty, physical health, empowerment, emotional release, and hope for the future.
Midlife Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Women.

Background Midlife represents an important time to evaluate health status and health behaviors that may affect health-related quality of life (HRQL) in later years. This study examines change in women's HRQL over 11 years from ages 47-59 to 57-69 and identifies midlife characteristics that predict HRQL at older ages. Methods Physical (PCS) and mental component summaries (MCS) of the SF-36 were used to assess HRQL from 2002 to 2013 in 2,614 women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a multiethnic/racial cohort study. We used locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) models to obtain unadjusted predicted mean trajectories of PCS and MCS as a function of age. Results LOESS predicted PCS declined from 51.6 to 47.1, whereas MCS increased from 49.2 to 53.1. In multivariable models, controlling for baseline PCS, higher baseline physical activity (p = .002) and increase in physical activity from baseline (p < .0001) predicted better PCS. Time since baseline (ie, aging; p < .001), higher baseline body mass index (p < .0001), increased body mass index over time (p < .0001), smoking (p < .05), two or more medical conditions (p < .0001), sleep problems (p < .0001), and urinary incontinence (p < .0001) were related to lower PCS. Early (p = .004) and late postmenopause (p = .001; vs. premenopause) and aging (p = .05) predicted higher MCS. Predictors of lower MCS were less than very good health (p < .0001), sleep problems (p < .0001), stressful life events (p < .0001), higher perceived stress (p < .0001), and higher trait anxiety (p = .004). Race/ethnicity was related to MCS, but not PCS. Conclusions Several potentially modifiable midlife factors, such as improved sleep hygiene, physical activity, and body mass index, might improve HRQL for older women.
GDB: A global 3D two-fluid model of plasma turbulence and transport in the tokamak edge

Abstract The global drift-ballooning (GDB) code is developed to study tokamak edge low frequency turbulence and transport, and their relationship to global profile evolution. The code employs a 3D electromagnetic fluid model that does not discriminate between equilibrium and perturbative contributions, capturing arbitrary amplitude fluctuations. Primitive plasma variables, including the E × B flow profiles, are evolved self-consistently in both closed-flux surfaces and the scrape-off-layer (SOL). A suite of numerical techniques described here handle the linear and non-linear components of the model efficiently so as to support realistic discharge parameters (such as realistic deuterium mass ratio m i ∕ m e ≈ 60 ) and yield good scaling on high performance computing (HPC) systems. GDB resolves turbulence slower than the ion gyrofrequency in simulations that capture the millisecond-scale evolution of global plasma profiles.
Multisystem-involved youth: a developmental framework and implications for research, policy, and practice

Multisystem-involved youth are children and adolescents concurrently served in the child welfare, behavioral health, and/or juvenile justice systems. These youth are a high risk and vulnerable population, often due to their experience of multiple adversities and trauma, yet little is known about their multiple needs and pathways into multisystem involvement. Multisystem-involved youth present unique challenges to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. In this article, we summarize the literature on multisystem-involved youth, including prevalence, characteristics, risk factors, and disparities for this population. We then describe a developmental cascade framework, which specifies how exposure to adverse experiences in childhood may have a “cascading” or spillover effect later in development, to depict pathways of multisystem involvement and opportunities for intervention. This framework offers a multidimensional view of involvement across service systems and illustrates the complexities of relationships between micro- and macro-level factors at various stages and domains of development. We conclude that multisystem-involved youth are an understudied population that may represent majority of youth who are already served in another service system. Many of these youth are also disproportionately from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds. Currently, for multisystem-involved youth and their families, there is a lack of standardized and integrated screening procedures to identify youth with open cases across service systems; inadequate use of available instruments to assess exposure to complex trauma; inadequate clinical and family-related evidence-based practices specifically for use with this population; and poor cross-systems collaboration and coordination that align goals and targeted outcomes across systems. We make recommendations for research, practice, and systems development to address the needs of multisystem-involved youth and their families.
Pipeline rehabilitation systems for service life extension

Abstract: With the continued aging of existing pipelines and underground infrastructure, the requirement for renewal and service life extension of these assets is also increasing. The needs for improving quality of life, reduction of inconvenience to society, and less impact on the environment make trenchless renewal methods a sustainable choice for pipeline owners and public agencies. Since the 1980s, a number of methods have become available to renew in-situ existing and deteriorated underground pipelines. These methods belong to the family of ‘trenchless technology’ methods. Trenchless technology alternatives can install a new pipe or renew an existing and deteriorated pipe with minimum surface or subsurface excavation and disruption. Trenchless renewal methods can prolong life of the pipe, reduce operation and maintenance costs (by eliminating inflow/ infiltration and cost of emergency repairs, and improve quality of service). These methods can achieve short-term and long-term savings over repairs and eventual replacement costs with open-cut replacement and repair methods, which often involve enormous social costs. The objectives of this chapter are to present an overview of pipeline deterioration mechanisms and how trenchless renewal methods can be applied to stop leaks, resist corrosion and abrasion, and install a new pipe in place of the existing and deteriorated pipe to provide a new design life. An overview of current and emerging design concepts also are presented.
DELIRIUM: Advances in Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment

This article discusses research in the areas of morbidity and mortality, epidemiologic risk factors, phenomenology, pathophysiology, and treatment of delirium. Delirium assessment instruments are reviewed. The neuropathophysiologic understanding of delirium is discussed in the context of important CNS neural circuitry. Pharmacologic treatments of delirium in adults and children are outlined, with particular emphasis on intravenous use of butyrophenone neuroleptics.
How to Evaluate a Bone Lesion

Using a systematic approach is key for evaluating a focal bone lesion. The ultimate goal should be to provide a definitive diagnosis; however, in many instances, this is not possible. Nonetheless, one should aim to provide a short, logical differential diagnosis and to comment on whether the lesion can be left alone as a “do not touch” lesion or whether additional workup is necessary. The analysis should begin with the patient’s age and the location of the lesion, since these two factors play such a significant role in determining the differential diagnosis. Next, assessment of specific lesion characteristics can be used to help narrow the differential, i.e., the lesion’s pattern of bone destruction and lesion margins and the presence of any matrix mineralization, periosteal reaction, or soft tissue component. If multiple lesions are present, that fact can help to refine the diagnosis even further. For example, the presence of multiple lytic lesions in an older individual would lead one to suspect metastatic disease or multiple myeloma. One should also search for relevant secondary findings, such as diffuse osteopenia in multiple myeloma or subperiosteal resorption and acro-osteolysis in hyperparathyroidism, and should consider relevant clinical information, such as a history of malignancy supporting a diagnosis of metastasis or fever and erythema supporting a diagnosis of osteomyelitis.
Variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 Region of Chromosome 15 Predict Gastrointestinal Adverse Events in the Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center Smoking Cessation Trial.

Introduction Reducing adverse events from pharmacologic treatment is an important goal of precision medicine and identifying genetic predictors of adverse events is a step toward this goal. In 2012, King et al. reported associations between genetic variants and adverse events in a placebo-controlled smoking cessation trial of varenicline and bupropion. Strong associations were found between gastrointestinal adverse events and 11 variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 region of chromosome 15, a region repeatedly associated with smoking-related phenotypes. Our goal was to replicate, in an independent sample, the impact of variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 region on gastrointestinal adverse events and to extend the analyses to adherence and smoking cessation. Methods The University of Wisconsin Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center (TTURC) conducted a multiarmed, placebo-controlled smoking cessation trial of bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy that included 985 genotyped European-ancestry participants. We evaluated relationships between our key variables using logistic regression. Results Gastrointestinal adverse events were experienced by 31.6% TTURC participants. Each of the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 associations from the King et al. study was found in TTURC, with the same direction of effect. Neither these variants nor the gastrointestinal adverse events themselves were associated with adherence to medication or successful smoking cessation. Conclusions Variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 region of chromosome 15 are associated with gastrointestinal adverse events in smoking cessation. Additional independent variants in this region strengthen the association. The consistency between the results of these two independent studies supports the conclusion that these findings reflect biological response to the use of smoking cessation medication. Implications The fact that our findings from the TTURC smoking cessation trial support the independent findings of King et al. suggest that associations of variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 region of chromosome 15 with gastrointestinal adverse events while taking medications for smoking cessation reflect biology. However, although adherence to medication was a strong predictor of successful smoking cessation in TTURC, neither adverse events nor the genetic variants associated with them predicted either adherence or successful cessation in this study. Thus, although we should strive to minimize adverse events during treatment, we should not expect that to increase successful smoking cessation substantially.
What is the Object of the Constitutional Oath

How and why are officers today bound to the Constitution? Article VI gives us a crystal-clear answer: they are bound “by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution.” But what is the content — the object — of that promise? American constitutional culture today describes its Constitution in ways that presuppose that the Article VI oath binds office-holders to an external, objective, common object: the same commitment for all oath-takers today, and the same commitment today as in the past. Justices on the Supreme Court took their constitutional oaths at different times, spread out over 27 years from 1991 to 2018, but they claim to fulfill those nine oaths by speaking collectively of “the Constitution.” Americans regularly describe their Constitution as the oldest still-operational written national Constitution in the world. These sorts of contingent practices could of course change. But until they do, we should understand oath-takers to be swearing to obey the same entity which has been operative since the eighteenth century. If we have a living Constitution today, it must have been living from the very start. Our current constitutional culture correctly rejects post-Founding “constitutional abiogenesis” — a transition from a non-living to a living Constitution between the Founding and today. Change in constitutional requirements may be justified only if rooted in the rules for constitutional change operative at the Founding.
Infant illness severity and perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit.

Abstract Background Risk factors for perinatal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among parents of an infant in the NICU have varied in previous literature. The relationships between perception of illness severity and objective measures of illness severity with PTSD are not well understood. Aims To determine if PTSD among parents after an infant NICU discharge can be predicted by 1) objective measures of infant illness severity or 2) perceptions of infant illness severity. Study design A prospective, observational study. Subjects Parent/infant dyads who were in the NICU for ≥14 days. Outcome measures Objective measures of illness severity were obtained from the electronic health record. Perceptions of illness were measured by the response to the question, “How sick is your child/patient?” on a 5-point Likert scale. The Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) was completed by parents three months after discharge. Results One hundred ninety-four dyads participated in the study, 86% of parents completed follow up screening. 25% of parents screened positive for PTSD. Parents perceived infants to be sick more often than hospital caregivers. In bivariate analysis many objective measures of illness severity were associated with PTSD. Parent perceptions of illness were also associated with PTSD after adjusting for objective measures of illness (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1–6.1, p = 0.008). Conclusions PTSD in parents after NICU discharge is multifactorial. Objective illness risk factors can be used to screen parents at risk. Hospital caregivers should strive to understand parents' perception of illness and improve communication to potentially decrease PTSD after discharge.
Context manipulation in police interviews: a field experiment

Recent writing and research on interrogation has highlighted the potential importance of the physical context in which the interview takes place. Whereas manuals and self-reports from police investigators indicate how they can leverage the space to maximize control over subjects, arguments for non-coercive manipulation of the room context are emerging in the literature. For instance, in laboratory settings, positive effects on interview outcomes have been demonstrated where alterations were made to the room’s physical space. In collaboration with a large American police department, interviews with witnesses to serious violent crime were randomly assigned to an experimental or control context. The experimental room was altered to create a space that was intended to be more comfortable than the control context of a standard interrogation room. Seventy-seven post-interview questionnaires were completed by detectives and 50 were completed by witnesses that included items related to the interpersonal dynamics and how much the witnesses contributed to the investigation. Although not significantly different, witnesses in the experimental room reported it as being a more comfortable setting, and there is evidence that interpersonal dynamics were actually better in the control context. As the first of its kind in a police setting, this study demonstrates that it is possible to manipulate the perceptions of space within an interrogation room; however, the manipulations did not have the intended effects based on the principles of implicit cognition. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
INCIDENCE AND PREDICTORS OF SIX-MONTH READMISSIONS IN CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA: A NATIONWIDE STUDY

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, there is a dearth of data on six-month readmissions for CLI. A secondary analysis of the Nationwide Readmissions Database for 2016 was conducted. Index admissions for CLI in the first six months were
Netarsudil-associated epithelial keratopathy

Abstract Purpose To report 2 cases with a novel finding of bullous epithelial keratopathy associated with netarsudil use. Observations A 72-year-old man with history of primary open angle glaucoma was started on netarsudil daily in both eyes for uncontrolled intraocular pressures despite treatment with latanoprost, brimonidine, and dorzolamide-timolol. One month later he presented with bilateral conjunctival hyperemia, predominantly inferior corneal epithelial bullae, and keratic precipitates without hypopyon. Netarsudil was discontinued, and the patient was started on topical steroids. One week later, the hyperemia and corneal edema had resolved while many small keratic precipitates persisted. A 29-year-old man with history of rubella-associated glaucoma and chronic postoperative inflammation on prednisolone was started on netarsudil in his left eye only for elevated intraocular pressures despite latanoprost, brimonidine, and dorzolamide-timolol. Two months later, he complained of eye pain and decreased vision since starting netarsudil. Examination revealed mild hyperemia and inferior corneal epithelial bullae without keratic precipitates. Netarsudil was discontinued, and two weeks later, conjunctival injection resolved and cornea cleared. Conclusions and importance Netarsudil ophthalmic solution 0.02% (Rhopressa) is a rho-kinase inhibitor recently approved for lowering intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. As netarsudil continues to be increasingly used, physicians and patients need to be aware of this new possible adverse effect.
Prolegomenon on the Status of the Hopey, Changey Thing in American Criminal Justice

Federal Sentencing Reporter, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 93–105, ISSN 1053-9867 electronic ISSN 1533-8363. ©2010 Vera Institute of Justice. All rights reserved. Please direct requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press’s Rights and Permissions website, http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintInfo.asp. DOI: 10.1525/fsr.2010.23.2.93. Prolegomenon on the Status of the Hopey, Changey Thing in american Criminal Justice
Dynamic Scaling in Aggregation Phenomena

The dynamics of the diffusion-limited cluster-cluster aggregation model (CCA) is reviewed through the temporal evolution of the cluster size distribution ns(t), which is the number of clusters of size s at time t. In recent studies it was shown that the results of the Monte-Carlo simulations can be well represented by a dynamic scaling function of the form ns(t)~s-2f(s/tz) where f(x) is a scaling function which depends on the spatial dimension and the microscopic details of the aggregation process. Two basic factors which affect the aggregation process are the mobility and the reactivity of the aggregating clusters. The diffusion constant of a cluster of size s is assumed to be proportional to sγ. Depending on such factors as the chemical reactivity, kinetic energy, mass, etc. of the aggregates, the coagulation of two clusters may or may not take place. These effects are simulated by assuming that the probability that two clusters of sizes i and j irreversibly stick together is proportional to (ij)σ. The overall behavior of ns(t) and its moments have been determined for a set of values of γ and σ. We find that the results are consistent with the scaling theory, and the exponents in ns(t) depend continuosly on γ and σ. Moreover, there is a critical value of γ for a given σ, and vica versa, at which the shape of the cluster size distribution crosses over from a monotonically decreasing function to a bell-shaped curve. This phenomenon, which is consistent with experiments, can be described by the above scaling form for ns(t) with appropriate forms for f(x) in the two regimes.
Peak-to-peak disturbances attenuation in multi-agent formation distributed control

This paper introduces a novel distributed architecture for the distributed control of autonomous agents, with guarantees for optimal peak-to-peak disturbances attenuation. The resulted scheme is able to perform trajectory control while preserving a pre-specified (distance-based) formation of the autonomous double integrator agents with first order (linear) actuators. The controller designed method is based on a "disturbances as sets" approach while the scheme is completely distributed, by constraining the sensing and communications radius of each agent in the formation. Compensation of inter-agent communications induce time-delays are also discussed.
Investigating Several Fundamental Properties of Random Lobster Trees and Random Spider Trees

In this paper, we investigate several random structures, namely two classes of random lobster trees (RLTs) and a class of random spider trees (RSTs). The first class of RLTs grow with a fixed probability, whereas those from the second class evolve in a dynamic manner underlying a flavor of semi-opposite reinforcement. For these two classes, we characterize the structure of the random graphs therein via some probabilistic methods. In addition, we look into a class of RSTs that evolve in a preferential attachment manner. We characterize the structure of RSTs by determining the exact and asymptotic distributions of the number of leaves, and by computing two kinds of topological indices.
Estimating the effect of nutritional interventions using observational data: the American Heart Association's 2020 Dietary Goals and mortality.

Background Because randomized trials of sustained dietary changes are sometimes impractical for long-term outcomes, the explicit emulation of a (hypothetical) target trial using observational data may be an important tool for nutritional epidemiology. Objectives We describe a methodological approach that aims to emulate a target trial of dietary interventions sustained over many years using data from observational cohort studies. Methods We estimated the 20-y risk of all-cause mortality under the sustained implementation of the food-based goals of the American Heart Association (AHA) 2020 using data from 3 prospective observational studies of US men [Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS)] and women [Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II)]. We applied the parametric g-formula to estimate the 20-y mortality risk under a dietary intervention and under no dietary intervention. Results There were 165,411 participants who met the eligibility criteria. The mean age at baseline was 57.4 y (range, 43-82 y) in the HPFS, 52.4 y (range, 39-66 y) in the NHS, and 40.2 y (range, 30-50 y) in the NHS II. During 20 y of follow-up, 13,241 participants died. The estimated 20-y mortality risks under a dietary intervention versus no intervention were 21.9% compared with 25.8%, respectively, in the HPFS (risk difference, -3.9%; 95% CI: -4.9% to -3.2%); 10.0% compared with 12.6%, respectively, in the NHS (risk difference, -2.6%; 95% CI: -3.1% to -1.8%); and 2.1% compared with 2.5%, respectively, in the NHS II (risk difference, -0.35%; 95% CI: -0.56% to -0.09%). The corresponding risk ratios were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81-0.88) in the HPFS, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.75-0.85) in the NHS, and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78-0.96) in the NHS II. Conclusions We estimated that adherence to the food-based AHA 2020 Dietary Goals starting in midlife may reduce the 20-y risk of mortality.
The Ukrainian (post)revolutionary processes:: diaspora mobilisations in the United Kingdom and Poland

This paper explores the Ukrainian diaspora mobilisation in the UK and Poland in the aftermath of the Euromaidan and the Russian aggression from the end of 2013. It examines the two referred case studies of the Ukrainian diaspora and focusses specifically on the interaction between the mobilisations of old and new diasporas, the formation of new Ukrainian “diasporic communities”, and the diaspora contribution to homeland development. The literature on social movements shows that transnational diasporic mobilisations in the UK and Poland may be seen as “extensions” of the Euromaidan social movement in Ukraine. The empirical data shows that the Ukrainian diasporic communities in both countries have united and grown stronger due to the events in Ukraine. The communities have been engaged in development activities of different forms contributing with their resources and skills to bring about social, economic, and political support in their homeland. Moreover, diasporic communities in both countries claim to be recognised by the national government as important actors. The article concludes that the Ukrainian diaspora has the desire, motive, opportunity and means to engage in transnational activities, at least for the time being, which makes it an active diaspora.
Bicarbonate Inhibition and Its Impact on Brettanomyces bruxellensis Ability to Produce Flavor Compounds

Water chemistry and the utilization of brewing salts such as gypsum, magnesium sulfate and bicarbonates, have been well documented for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, however, there has been limited publ...
Sleep Dysregulation and Related Regulatory Models

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on sleep in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and dysthymia, which are the so-called unipolar depressions. Consolidated and restorative sleep is a critical component of mental health. Sleep disruption affects mood regulation in healthy individuals, and people with more longstanding sleep difficulties are at increased risk to develop clinical forms of depression. Insomnia, hypersomnia, and fatigue are frequently reported by depressed patients, and objective indices of sleep disruption and of neurobiological alterations during sleep are consistently observed in depressed patients. Sleep disturbance often precedes relapse or recurrence of depression. The sleep disturbances associated with depression can persist despite otherwise successful antidepressant therapies, and such residual symptoms can increase the risk for depression recurrence. Adjunctive pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments specifically target sleep disturbances in depressed patients. The physiology, neurobiological, and architecture of normal sleep are described. The nature of sleep disturbances in depression, and the physiological and neurobiologcal alterations that characterize depression during sleep are reviewed.
Harnessing exposed terminals in wireless networks

This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of CMAP (Conflict Maps), a system that increases the number of successful concurrent transmissions in a wireless network, achieving higher aggregate throughput compared to networks that use carrier sense multiple access (CSMA). CMAP correctly identifies and exploits exposed terminals in which two senders are within range of one another, but each intended receiver is far enough from the other sender that the two transmissions can succeed even if done concurrently. CMAP includes a reactive channel access scheme in which nodes transmit concurrently (even if there's the possibility of a collision), then observe the loss probability to determine whether they are better off transmitting concurrently or not. Experimental results from a 50-node 802.11a testbed show that CMAP improves throughput by 2× over CSMA with exposed terminals, while converging to the performance of CSMA when the senders and receivers are all close to each other. CMAP also improves throughput by up to 47% over CSMA in realistic access point-based networks by exploiting concurrent transmission opportunities.
Trust Mediation for Distributed Information Systems

Distributed information systems are increasing in prevalence and complexity as we see an increase in the number of both information consumers and information providers. Applications often need to integrate information from several different information providers. Current approaches for securing this process of integration do not scale well to handle complex trust relationships between consumer applications and providers. Trust mediation is a technique we introduce to address this problem by incorporating a model for representing trust into a framework for retrieving information in a distributed system. Our model for representing trust uses a type system by which data from a source is labeled with a trust type based on qualities of the data itself or the information source(s) providing the data. With this model we develop algorithms to perform static analysis of data queries to infer how the result of the data query can be trusted. We describe an enhanced mediation framework using this inference technique that enables the mediator to govern the flow of information to match intended trust policies in large distributed information systems, even when information may originate from many heterogeneous sources.
MPI/CTP: a reconfigurable MPI for HPC applications

Modern MPI applications have diverse communication requirements, with trends showing that they are moving from static communication requirements to more dynamic and evolving communication requirements. However, MPI libraries, which integrate MPI applications with the hardware, are not flexible enough to accommodate these diverse needs. This lack of flexibility leads to degraded performance of the applications. In this paper, we present the design of a protocol development framework and an MPI library implemented using our proposed framework that support compile-time and boot-time protocol configuration, as well as runtime protocol reconfiguration based on dynamic application requirements. Experimental results on the initial prototype of this design show that this prototype is able to dynamically reconfigure at runtime to optimize bandwidth under changing MPI requirements.
Efficient Resource Allocation Under Acceptant Substitutable Priorities

The paper considers an assignment problem with acceptant substitutable priorities, and analyzes efficiency properties of the deferred acceptance rule. As a generalization of Ergin (2002), we come up with the acyclicity condition, and show that the priority structure is acyclical if and only if the the deferred acceptance rule is Pareto efficient. The class of acceptant substitutable priorities is a larger domain than that of responsive priorities, and Abdulkadiroglu and Sonmez (2003) implicitly point out that priorities we observe in practice violate responsiveness, but are still acceptant substitutable.
Radiation transport in earth for neutron and gamma ray point sources above an air-ground interface

Two-dimensional discrete ordinates methods were used to calculate the instantaneous dose rate in silicon and neutron and gamma ray fluences as a function of depth in earth from point sources at various heights (1.0, 61.3, and 731.5 meters) above an air--ground interface. The radiation incident on the earth's surface was transported through an earth-only and an earth--concrete model containing 0.9 meters of borated concrete beginning 0.5 meters below the earth's surface to obtain fluence distributions to a depth of 3.0 meters. The inclusion of borated concrete did not significantly reduce the total instantaneous dose rate in silicon and, in all cases, the secondary gamma ray fluence and corresponding dose are substantially larger than the primary neutron fluence and corresponding dose for depths greater than 0.6 meter. 4 figures, 4 tables.
The Dirac bispinor form of Maxwell’s equations and the anomalous hyperfine structure of relativistic hydrogen

We show that, in addition to the usual covariant tensor form of Maxwell’s equations, a more general, manifestly covariant, Dirac bispinor form of them exists. A study of the Lagrangian formulation of electrodynamics, utilizing this more general bispinor electromagnetic-field structure, is conducted. We find that, in addition to the conventional Lorentz force interaction, a new electromagnetic « spinor-torque » interaction, related to the bispinor structure, is generated. We study the effect that Dirac bispinor electrodynamics has on the spectrum of relativistic hydrogen and show that the new « spinor-torque » interaction will contribute an extra anomalous hyperfine structure term, in addition to that generated by proton spin structure and quantum electrodynamic effects. Estimates of the value of the coupling constant associated with the « spinor-torque » interaction, which has the dimensions of a length, are given.
Kawaii meiru and Maroyaka neko : Mobile emoji for relationship maintenance and aesthetic expressions among Japanese teens

Drawing from the results of focus group interviews conducted between 2006 and 2010 in Japan, this paper examines the functions of emoji . Now that emoji have gained global recognition as seen in mobile applications, examining the way Japanese teens use emoji offers some insight into the way emoji use is practiced among teens in the global cultural context. The results highlight two functions of emoji in the context of mobile interactions: emoji allow Japanese teens to manage communication climate as well as to construct and express their aesthetic selves. Further research is needed to investigate to what extent these interaction norms, symbolic meanings, and electronic emotions are applicable to various cultural contexts in the era of smart phones. Such efforts will promote our further understanding of both current and future trends of teens’ mobile emoji use, emotional experiences, sense of the self, and relational concerns.
Process Evaluation of a Comprehensive Supermarket Intervention in a Low-Income Baltimore Community

Supermarket-based interventions are one approach to improving the local food environment and reducing obesity and chronic disease in low-income populations. We implemented a multicomponent intervention that aimed to reduce environmental barriers to healthy food purchasing in a supermarket in Southwest Baltimore. The intervention, Eat Right-Live Well! used: shelf labels and in-store displays promoting healthy foods, sales and promotions on healthy foods, in-store taste tests, increasing healthy food products, community outreach events to promote the intervention, and employee training. We evaluated program implementation through store environment, taste test session, and community event evaluation forms as well as an Employee Impact Questionnaire. The stocking, labeling, and advertising of promoted foods were implemented with high and moderate fidelity. Taste test sessions were implemented with moderate reach and low dose. Community outreach events were implemented with high reach and dose. Supermarket employee training had no significant impact on employees' knowledge, self-efficacy, or behavioral intention for helping customers with healthy purchasing or related topics of nutrition and food safety. In summary, components of this intervention to promote healthy eating were implemented with varying success within a large supermarket. Greater participation from management and employees could improve implementation.
Traumatic atrial myxoma rupture mimicking post-concussive symptoms.

We report the case of traumatic atrial myxoma rupture and cerebral infarction presenting with symptoms mimicking post-concussive sequelae. Cardiac myxomas represent the most common benign primary cardiac tumors accounting for 30–80 % of all primary tumors of the heart. Most cases report in the 30–60 age group but can occur in nearly all age groups ranging from 1 to 83 years. In general, embolic stroke related to blunt chest or cardiac trauma without vascular involvement is rare; and exceptionally, traumatic rupture of an atrial myxoma can result in significant embolic complications. This case highlights that a high index of suspicion should prevail in the setting of blunt chest trauma associated with new neurological deficits.
Gauge theory predictions for the electron-nucleus parity violating neutral current interaction☆

Abstract The parity violating electron-nucleus current interactions of three distinct gauge models are presented, including the dominant radiative corrections. Their predictions for atomic transition and polarized electron scattering experiments are illustrated. We show that even models in which the electron's neutral current coupling is pure vector or in which parity is conserved by the neutral currents in lowest order can predict sizeable parity violating effects as a result of radiative corrections.