cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pages from a Yellow Press: Print Culture, Public Life and Political Genealogies in Modern Brazil

An examination of the Brazilian newspaper O Combate, this article accomplishes four goals. First, it defines the politics of a periodical long cited but little understood by historians. Second, it documents O Combate's place, alongside other ‘yellow press’ outlets, in the making of a ‘public sphere’ in Sao Paulo. Third, it situates the same publications' role in the bringing into being of a more commercial, publicity-driven press, which would shed the yellow press's radicalism and abet the collapse of the public sphere of its heyday. Fourth, it suggests that O Combate's radical republicanism was one fount of the democratic radicalism of the late 1920s and early 1930s, as well as of the regionally chauvinist constitutionalism of 1932–7. In this rare application of the ‘public sphere’ idea to twentieth-century Brazil, readers may also detect an account closer to Jurgen Habermas’ original formulation than that found in the historiography of nineteenth-century Spanish America.
A case of mesothelioma masquerading pre-operatively as ovarian cancer and brief review of the literature

Background Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) can masquerade as an ovarian epithelial neoplasm, with very similar presenting clinical symptoms and imaging findings. The gold standard in differentiating between these two diagnoses lies in tissue pathology.
The research of development strategies for agricultural informatics and informatization of agriculture in China

This paper introduced the connotation and situation of agricultural informatics and informatization of agriculture,described solutions for the problems encountered in application of agricultural informatics and informatization of agriculture,and proposed the developmental strategies for agricultural informatics and informatization of agriculture in china.
The Development of Calibration Device for Secondary Instruments Testing Equipment for High Direct Current

This paper describes the development of the calibration device for secondary insruments on line testing equipment for high direct current, including its principle, system configuration and the specifications.
Efficient integration of plug-in electric vehicles via reconfigurable microgrids

Abstract This paper investigates the viability of the reconfigurable microgrids (RMGs) in facilitating the integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). The reconfiguration ability of microgrids, which is enabled by the use of remotely controlled switches (RCSs), will support the high penetration of PEVs and renewable distributed generators (DGs) while reducing the total operation cost and potentially enhance microgrid reliability. The objective of the proposed optimal scheduling problem is to minimize the total cost of power supply by distributed energy resources (DERs) and upstream network energy exchange, battery degradation cost in PEVs, cost of switching during the reconfiguration, and expected customer interruption costs as a reliability index. To address the high level of the uncertainties in the problem, a scenario-based stochastic framework is devised to capture the uncertainties associated with the charging and discharging values of PEVs, number of PEVs in each fleet, time of the daily trips for PEVs, hourly load consumption, hourly output power of renewable DGs, and hourly market price. The satisfying performance and merits of the proposed model are examined on a test microgrid.
The Ethical Dimension: Moral Decision-Making About Preterm Birth

This chapter focuses on the ways that ethics and morality are defined in the context of high-risk pregnancies and preterm births in the U.S.: which values and principles are invoked, how authority and agency to make moral decisions are understood, and what types of ethical problems commonly occur. Ethical problems include conflicts between two moral principles held by the same individual, conflicts between the moral views of different parties, and conflicts over which parties have the standing to be involved in ethical decisions. Three sets of ethical decisions are examined in the context of high-risk pregnancies: whether women should receive multiple embryo transfers during in vitro fertilization (IVF) (a practice which increases the risk of preterm birth), whether pregnant women can be required against their own preferences to receive certain prenatal screenings, and who makes decisions about prenatal interventions. The chapter then examines ethical concerns in the decisions around resuscitation and the provision of life support for preterm newborns. For all of these decisions, the chapter reviews moral principles held and acted on by clinical care providers, by pregnant women and their families, and by the third parties who represent societal interests. Discussion of ethical issues in Canada, Great Britain, and Western Europe reflect all of the same concerns, but also, because of the publicly financed nature of their healthcare systems in these countries, consider the ethics of resource expenditures, an issue that is seldom openly discussed in the U.S.
Seismic fragility analysis of large unanchored steel tanks considering local instability and fatigue damage

When unanchored steel liquid storage tanks are subjected to strong ground motions, the contained liquid may cause uplift of the tank base resulting in compressive buckling of the tank shell and or ultra low-cycle fatigue (ULCF) damage to the shell-to-base welded connections. This paper presents a method for investigating the shell buckling and connection ULCF vulnerability for unanchored steel tank geometries using simplified mass-spring models and incremental dynamic analysis. The presented simplified mass-spring models simulate resistance to local base uplift, tank rocking, and provide equilibrium-based approaches for determining tank shell compressive forces resulting from dynamic earthquake loadings. In this study, four existing tanks (considering both broad and slender geometries) are analyzed under 20 recorded ground motions, scaled at 30 different levels (from 0.05 to 1.5 g) for a total of 2400 dynamic analyses. Results from the incremental dynamic analyses are used to create fragility curves, wherein shell buckling and connection ULCF probabilities are related to the level of seismic excitation. Results from the analyses on the four existing tank geometries highlight shell buckling vulnerabilities for both broad and slender tank geometries under moderate seismic excitation.
Don't forget the dose: Improving computed tomography dosing for pediatric appendicitis.

Abstract Background A pediatric computed tomography (CT) radiation dose reduction program was implemented throughout our children's associated hospital system in 2010. We hypothesized that the CT dose received for evaluation of appendicitis in children would be significantly higher among the 40 referral, nonmember hospitals (NMH) than the 9 member hospitals (MH). Methods Preoperative CTs of pediatric ( Results 1128 (65%) of 1736 appendectomy patients underwent preoperative CT. 936 patients seen at and 102 children evaluated at NMH had dosing and patient diameter data for analysis. SSDE and ED were significantly higher with greater variance at NMH across all ages (all p Conclusion Radiation exposure in CT scans for evaluation of pediatric appendicitis is significantly higher and more variable in NMH. A proactive approach to reduce dose, in addition to frequency, of CT scans in pediatric patients is essential. Level of evidence Level III.
A cultural approach to culture

Artifacts and Allegiances: How Museums Put the Nation and the World on Display takes a global approach to how museums make sense of increased globalization and migration. Museums construct narrativ...
Structure and evidence in identity cases

We present a framework for agent identity with a focus on structured cases and numerical levels of evidence and their handling. Our framework focuses on id-situations, where a person is judged to be the agent in some scenario, particularly a crime scene. An id-situation has a constellation of associated situations (providing what we call an id-case) to produce the objects used in it. Our idea of a situation is modeled on Barwise and Perry's situation theory. We represent our situations using semantic web notation because, for one thing, the semantic web supports a structure of partial information. From a numeric standpoint, we create a justification-based mass function from each id-situation and then combine the multiple functions we get from having multiple id-situations using Dempster-Shafer theory. The id-situations give a measure of similarity between each suspect involved and the as yet unknown criminal, which we adapt to get a mass function, with a frame of discernment that can be approximated as the list of suspects. We then refine our frame of discernment using constraints based on objects shared between the id-situation and its corresponding supporting situations.
Identifying behavioral norms among bicyclists in mixed-traffic conditions

Abstract This study examines the presence of behavioral norms while riding a bicycle in mixed-traffic conditions. We assess car and bicycle on-street interactions by asking bicyclists to consider how they would respond when driving a car and encountering a bicyclist behaving in ways that might be perceived as reckless, rude, and/or illegal. We hypothesize that individuals have preconceived notions of what constitutes appropriate bicycling established, in part, by their own experiences as bicyclists. These experiences as bicyclists themselves inform what they deem acceptable behavioral norms by other bicyclists, and in turn, the nature of their response (e.g. aggressive or benevolent) towards other bicyclists. We use data drawn from an online survey that posed hypothetical, mixed-traffic scenarios to those that bicycle and also drive. Reactions to various scenarios are operationalized as dependent variables in logistic regression models. Independent variables include socio-demographic factors, general perceptions of bicycling, and measures of specific bicycling behaviors. Regression results indicate that as an individual’s own bicycling experience increases, their likelihood of an aggressive response to bicyclists in a mixed-traffic encounter is reduced. Additionally, we find that increasingly aggressive responses to other bicyclists may be evidence of altruistic punishment, wherein bicyclists ascribe and seek to enforce their own behavioral norms regarding appropriate bicycling behavior in mixed traffic. Such norms, however, reflect personal experience rather than existing traffic laws. Multi-modal education, infrastructure, and revised traffic laws are needed to clearly ascribe appropriate travel behavior by all modes and facilitate safe, efficient, multi-modal interactions.
Positive effects of neurofeedback on autism symptoms correlate with brain activation during imitation and observation

Autism has been characterized by atypical task-related brain activation and functional connections, coinciding with deficits in sociocommunicative abilities. However, evidence of the brain's experience-dependent plasticity suggests that abnormal activity patterns may be reversed with treatment. In particular, neurofeedback training (NFT), an intervention based on operant conditioning resulting in self-regulation of brain electrical oscillations, has shown increasing promise in addressing abnormalities in brain function and behavior. We examined the effects of ≥ 20 h of sensorimotor mu-rhythm-based NFT in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and a matched control group of typically developing children (ages 8-17). During a functional magnetic resonance imaging imitation and observation task, the ASD group showed increased activation in regions of the human mirror neuron system following the NFT, as part of a significant interaction between group (ASD vs. controls) and training (pre- vs. post-training). These changes were positively correlated with behavioral improvements in the ASD participants, indicating that mu-rhythm NFT may be beneficial to individuals with ASD.
Abstract 15: The Impact of Suboptimal Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in the United States

Introduction: Poor dietary habits are an established risk factor to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet, the impact of suboptimal diet on CVD mortality in the US has not been systematically evaluated...
Integration of enteric fever surveillance into the WHO-coordinated Invasive Bacterial-Vaccine Preventable Diseases (IB-VPD) platform: A low cost approach to track an increasingly important disease.

Background Lack of surveillance systems and accurate data impede evidence-based decisions on treatment and prevention of enteric fever, caused by Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi. The WHO coordinates a global Invasive Bacterial–Vaccine Preventable Diseases (IB-VPD) surveillance network but does not monitor enteric fever. We evaluated the feasibility and sustainability of integrating enteric fever surveillance into the ongoing IB-VPD platform. Methodologies The IB-VPD surveillance system uses WHO definitions to enroll 2–59 month children hospitalized with possible pneumonia, sepsis or meningitis. We expanded this surveillance system to additionally capture suspect enteric fever cases during 2012–2016, in two WHO sentinel hospitals of Bangladesh, by adding inclusion criteria of fever ≥102°F for ≥3 days, irrespective of other manifestations. Culture-positive enteric fever cases from in-patient departments (IPD) detected in the hospital laboratories but missed by the expanded surveillance, were also enrolled to assess completion. Costs for this integration were calculated for the additional personnel and resources required. Principal findings In the IB-VPD surveillance, 5,185 cases were enrolled; 3% (N = 171/5185) were positive for microbiological growth, of which 55% (94/171) were culture-confirmed cases of enteric fever (85 Typhi and 9 Paratyphi A). The added inclusion criteria for enteric fever enrolled an additional 1,699 cases; 22% (358/1699) were positive, of which 85% (349/358) were enteric fever cases (305 Typhi and 44 Paratyphi A). Laboratory surveillance of in-patients of all ages enrolled 311 additional enteric fever cases (263 Typhi and 48 Paratyphi A); 9% (28/311) were 2–59 m and 91% (283/311) >59 m. Altogether, 754 (94+349+311) culture-confirmed enteric fever cases were found, of which 471 were 2–59 m. Of these 471 cases, 94% (443/471) were identified through the hospital surveillances and 6% (28/471) through laboratory results. Twenty-three percent (170/754) of all cases were children <2 years. Additional cost for the integration was USD 44,974/year, a 27% increase to the IB-VPD annual expenditure. Conclusion In a setting where enteric disease is a substantial public health problem, we could integrate enteric fever surveillance into the standard IB-VPD surveillance platform at a modest cost.
A Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of the Impact of an Intergenerational Program on Children’s Biases Toward Older Adults

Ageism refers to the negative bias that targets people of a particular age demographic, typically those in late adulthood. Intergenerational (IG) programs, designed to offset the development of age...
Saproxylic Insects and Fire

Fire plays a prominent role in many biomes, but the natural fire regime has been influenced by silvicultural management, changes in land use, climate changes, and fire suppression. Fire clearly induces profound changes in both habitat characteristics and assemblages of saproxylic insects. However, our current understanding on this is strongly biased toward coniferous boreal and temperate systems and specific taxonomic groups, e.g., beetles, whereas the information from other biomes and saproxylic groups is limited at best. Knowledge from coniferous boreal and temporal systems might not be applicable in other biomes; therefore, studies in those areas should have high priority. Although natural fire regimes vary among ecosystems, saproxylic insects adapted to fire, both with respect to physiology and behavior, can be found in many different ecosystems. Changes in fire regimes can therefore have strong effects on saproxylic species, especially specialist pyrophilous species. For example, disruption of fire regimes in the boreal region, due to silvicultural management, changes in land use, and fire suppression, is a serious threat to saproxylic species, and restoring natural fire regimes is of the essence. Fire has been used as an active management tool to benefit saproxylic species in Fennoscandia. However, the effects of fire on saproxylic species are rather short-lived which should be considered in landscape planning. It has also been suggested that some fire-adapted species must be able to maintain viable populations in the unburned forest matrix if it is of sufficient quality. Thus, our ability to maintain viable populations of pyrophilous and fire-favored saproxylic species might depend on the sum of all conservation efforts on the landscape level rather than fire restoration efforts alone.
A new chamber design for measuring community metabolism in a Michigan stream

We designed an open-ended community metabolism chamber to simultaneously measure surface and hyporheic metabolism. Our chamber design eliminated reaeration, compartmentalized metabolism, maintained ambient conditions and included hyporheic respiration. We compared results from our hyporheic chamber to results obtained from: (1) closed benthic community metabolism chambers constructed as recommended by Bott et al. (1978), and (2) whole-stream metabolism techniques as modified by Marzolf et al. (1994). Simultaneous comparisons of all three procedures were made for a 35 m riffle section of Augusta Creek, a 3rd-order Michigan stream, in July 1997 and repeated in July 1998. Simultaneous comparisons of all three procedures were also made for a 30 m sandy run section of Augusta Creek in September 1997, and repeated in September 1998. Our hyporheic chamber estimates for community respiration (CR24) were similar to those obtained using the whole-stream metabolism procedure but were considerably higher than estimates obtained using the closed benthic chambers in three of the four experiments. These data suggest that our chamber design provided estimates of community metabolism which included both benthic and hyporheic respiration. The chamber incorporates several positive aspects of both closed chambers and the whole-stream method. This new method can be replicated, eliminates the need for a reaeration coefficient, ambient conditions are better approximated since it remains an open system, and it appears to provide more realistic estimates of whole-stream metabolism compared to the traditional chamber approach.
Counterpoint: e-democracy won't save democracy. democracy will save democracy

Increased technology is not the solution to the fundamental issue of declining democratic culture.
THE BENEFIT OF SHORT-TERM WEIGHT LOSS WITH ANTI-OBESITY MEDICATIONS IN REAL-WORLD CLINICAL PRACTICE

Objective: The effectiveness of anti-obesity medications (AOMs) outside of clinical trials is unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the short-term effectiveness of AOMs in real-world practice. Methods: This retrospective study included adults aged ≥18 years, with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 or ≥27 kg/m2 with at least one obesity-related comorbidity who were prescribed phentermine hydrochloride, phenterminetopiramate, bupropion-naltrexone, or lorcaserin for 12 consecutive weeks between 2006 and 2016 at a large tertiary healthcare system. Propensity score-matched cohorts were created for each pair of AOMs. The primary outcomes were percent and absolute weight loss from baseline after 12 weeks. A prediction model was constructed to estimate weight loss with different AOMs based on demographic and clinical data. Results: Of the 3,411 patients included in this study, patients lost an average of 3.45% of body weight from baseline. All AOMs were associated with a significant weight loss from baseline (P<.0001). Patients lost the highest percentage of body weight on phentermine hydrochloride (3.75 ± 5.66%), followed by phentermine-topiramate (3.63 ± 5.7%), bupropion-naltrexone (2.66 ± 5.03%), and lorcaserin (1.84 ± 6.69%). In propensity-matched cohorts, patients taking phentermine hydrochloride lost more weight than those taking lorcaserin or bupropion-naltrexone, and patients taking phentermine topiramate lost more weight than patients taking lorcaserin. Conclusion: In real-world practice, AOMs are associated with clinically meaningful weight loss of 2 to 4% after 12 weeks. In this study, phentermine hydrochloride and phentermine topiramate produced the most weight loss. AOMs should be seriously considered as part of the armamentarium to treat patients with obesity. Abbreviations: AOM = anti-obesity medication; BMI = body mass index; EMR = electronic medical record; FDA = Food and Drug Administration; T2D = type 2 diabetes.
Joy: An introduction to this special issue

ABSTRACTJoy has been curiously omitted from the purview of Positive Psychology. I present an overview and introduction of the articles appearing in The Journal of Positive Psychology’s special issu...
Automated Storage & Retrieval System:

The California State University, Northridge (CSUN) Oviatt Library was the first library in the world to integrate an automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS) into its operations. The AS/RS continues to provide efficient space management for the library. However, added value has been identified in materials security and inventory as well as customer service. The concept of library as space, paired with improved services and efficiencies, has resulted in the AS/RS becoming a critical component of library operations and future strategy. Staffing, service, and security opportunities paired with support and maintenance challenges, enable the library to provide a unique critique and assessment of an AS/RS.
Pediatric Prehospital Wound Prophylaxis in Iraq and Afghanistan.

BACKGROUND Infectious complications of war wounds are a significant source of mortality and morbidity. Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guidelines recommend prehospital moxifloxacin, ertapenem, or cefotetan for "all open combat wounds." We describe the prehospital administration of antibiotics to pediatric trauma patients. METHODS We queried the Department of Defense Trauma Registry for all pediatric subjects admitted to United States and Coalition fixed-facility hospitals in Iraq and Afghanistan from January 2007 to January 2016. RESULTS During this time, there were 3,439 pediatric encounters which represented 8.0% of all admissions. Prehospital providers administered a total of 216 antibiotic doses to 210 subjects. Older children received antibiotics more frequently than younger children, were more likely to be male, located in Afghanistan, and injured by explosive with the majority surviving to hospital discharge. Cefazolin and ceftriaxone were the most frequently utilized antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS The most frequently administered antibiotics were cephalosporins. TCCC recommended agents for adult prehospital wound prophylaxis were infrequently administered to pediatric casualties. Administration rates of pediatric prehospital wound prophylaxis may be improved with pediatric-specific TCCC guidelines recommending cephalosporins as first-line agents, fielding of a TCCC-oriented Broselow tape, and training prehospital providers on administration of antimicrobials.
Non-acid, alcohol-based electropolishing enables high-quality electron backscatter diffraction characterization of titanium and its alloys: Application to pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V

Abstract This paper conceives an electropolishing sample preparation procedure aimed at characterization of titanium (Ti) and its alloys using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Specifically, it is shown that a single non-acid, ethanol-ethylene glycol-NaCl electrolyte solution can be used to electropolish Ti and its alloys for obtaining high-quality EBSD datasets. As a result, the use of hazardous acids common in standard Ti metallographic preparation procedures, such as hydrofluoric, perchloric, and sulfuric acid, can be circumvented. Moreover, electropolishing Ti with an ethanol-ethylene glycol-NaCl electrolyte is performed at room temperature with low voltage, as opposed to the low temperatures and/or high voltages used when electropolishing Ti in traditional solutions. The utility of the novel procedure is demonstrated on samples of pure α-Ti before and after plastic deformation and on samples of alloy Ti-6Al-4V created by additive manufacturing (AM) in stress-relived and heat-treated conditions. EBSD scans performed on undeformed pure α-Ti had high-quality diffraction patterns, which allowed for large areas to be scanned at fast speeds without sacrificing indexing accuracy. The electropolishing created excellent surfaces on the deformed pure α-Ti sample despite elevated lattice strains and numerous deformation twins in its microstructure. It also allowed for detailed EBSD mapping of fine sub-grain features in AM Ti-6Al-4V despite the alloying additions of aluminum and vanadium, the inhomogeneous AM microstructure, and the different processing conditions. It is anticipated that the major breakthrough achieved in this work will streamline and make safer future metallographic studies of Ti and its alloys.
Modeling Differential Faraday Rotation in the Solar Corona

For decades, radio remote-sensing techniques have been used to probe the plasma structure of the solar corona at distances of 2 – $20~\mathrm{R}_{\odot }$ . Measurement of Faraday rotation, the change in the polarization position angle of linearly polarized radiation as it propagates through a magnetized plasma, has proven to be one of the best methods for determining the coronal magnetic-field strength and structure. Faraday-rotation observations of spatially extended radio sources provide the unique opportunity to measure differential Faraday rotation [ $\Delta $ RM] the difference in the Faraday-rotation measure between two closely spaced lines of sight (LOS) through the corona. $\Delta $ RM is proportional to the electric current within an Amperian loop formed, in part, by the two closely spaced LOS. We report the expected $\Delta $ RM for two sets of models for the corona: one set of models for the corona employs a spherically symmetric plasma density, while the other breaks this symmetry by assuming that the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) is a finite-width streamer-belt region containing a high-density plasma. For each plasma-density model, we evaluate the $\Delta \mathrm{RM}$ for three model coronal magnetic fields: a radial dipole and interplanetary magnetic field (DIMF), a dipole + current sheet (DCS), and a dipole + quadrupole + current sheet (DQCS). These models predict values of $0.01\lesssim \Delta \mathrm{RM}\lesssim 120~\mbox{rad}\,\mbox{m}^{-2}$ over the range of parameter space accessible by modern instruments such as the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. We conclude that the HCS contribution to $\Delta $ RM is not negligible at moderate heliocentric distances ( $<8~\mathrm{R}_{\odot }$ ) and may account for $\lesssim 20\,\%$ of previous observations of $\Delta $ RM (e.g. made by Spangler, Astrophys. J. 670, 841, 2007).
Network Autocorrelation of Perceived Physical Activity Skill Competence Among Adolescents at a Summer Care Program: A Pilot Study.

Purpose:This study investigates the possible association between adolescent friendship networks and perceived physical activity skill competence in a summer care program.Design:Adolescents particip...
Towards Building Community Collective Efficacy for Managing Digital Privacy and Security within Older Adult Communities

Older adults are increasingly becoming adopters of digital technologies, such as smartphones; however, this population remains particularly vulnerable to digital privacy and security threats. To date, most research on technology used among older adults focuses on helping individuals overcome their discomfort or lack of expertise with technology to protect them from such threats. Instead, we are interested in how communities of older adults work together to collectively manage their digital privacy and security. To do this, we surveyed 67 individuals across two older adult communities (59 older adults and eight employees or volunteers) and found that the community's collective efficacy for privacy and security was significantly correlated with the individuals' self-efficacy, power usage of technology, and their sense of community belonging. Community collective efficacy is a group's mutual belief in its ability to achieve a shared goal. Using social network analysis, we further unpacked these relationships to show that many older adults interact with others who have similar technological expertise, and closer-knit older adult communities that have low technology expertise (i.e., low power usage and self-efficacy) may increase their community collective efficacy for privacy and security by embedding facilitators (e.g., employees or volunteers) who have more technical expertise within their communities. Our work demonstrates how both peer influence and outside expertise can be leveraged to support older adults in managing their digital privacy and security.
Factors Associated With Receipt of Meningococcal B Vaccine Among United States Adolescents, National Immunization Survey-Teen, 2017-2018.

Abstract Purpose In this study, we evaluated factors associated with receipt of meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) vaccine among adolescents in the United States. Methods We used public use data files from the National Immunization Survey-Teen from 2017 to 2018. Logistic regression was used to model associations among sociodemographic, healthcare, and vaccination variables of interest and MenB vaccine receipt (≥1 vs. 0 dose). To explore associations between state-level meningococcal vaccination requirements and MenB vaccine uptake, we performed a secondary analysis stratified by presence of a quadrivalent meningococcal (MenACWY) vaccination requirement for secondary school attendance in the adolescent’s state of residence (no requirement vs. a one- or two-dose requirement). Results Among 7,288 adolescents, MenB vaccine receipt was significantly associated with up-to-date human papillomavirus (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29–2.35) and MenACWY (aOR 5.81, 95% CI 4.14–8.13) vaccination status in multivariable analysis. Adolescents with private insurance were less likely to be vaccinated (aOR .61, 95% CI .46–.79) compared to adolescents with other health insurance types. In secondary analyses, health insurance was no longer significantly associated with MenB vaccine uptake among adolescents in states with a MenACWY requirement. Conclusions We found that MenB vaccination is associated with receipt of other vaccines recommended for use in adolescents. Adolescents with private health insurance were less likely to be vaccinated against MenB, although state MenACWY requirements appeared to modify the effect of insurance on MenB vaccine receipt. Further work to understand how these factors may influence delivery and acceptance of MenB vaccine can inform interventions and strategies to improve uptake.
Programmatic introduction of parenchymal cell types into blood vessel organoids.

Pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids have transformed our ability to recreate complex three-dimensional models of human tissue. However, the directed differentiation methods used to create them do not afford the ability to introduce cross-germ-layer cell types. Here, we present a bottom-up engineering approach to building vascularized human tissue by combining genetic reprogramming with chemically directed organoid differentiation. As a proof of concept, we created neuro-vascular and myo-vascular organoids via transcription factor overexpression in vascular organoids. We comprehensively characterized neuro-vascular organoids in terms of marker gene expression and composition, and demonstrated that the organoids maintain neural and vascular function for at least 45 days in culture. Finally, we demonstrated chronic electrical stimulation of myo-vascular organoid aggregates as a potential path toward engineering mature and large-scale vascularized skeletal muscle tissue from organoids. Our approach offers a roadmap to build diverse vascularized tissues of any type derived entirely from pluripotent stem cells.
Tropical cyclone storm surge probabilities for the east coast of the United States: A cyclone-based perspective

Abstract. To improve our understanding of the influence of tropical cyclones (TCs) on coastal flooding, the relationships between storm surge and TC characteristics are analyzed for the east coast of the United States. Using observational data, the statistical dependencies of storm surge on TCs are examined for these characteristics: distance from TC center, TC intensity, track path angle, and propagation speed. Statistically significant but weak linear correlations are found for nearly all sites. At each location, storm surge is influenced differently by these characteristics, with some locations more strongly influenced by TC intensity and others by the distance from the TC center. The correlation for individual and combined TC characteristics increases when conditional sorting is applied to isolate strong TCs close to a location, though the fraction of surge variance explained is never greater than 60 %. The probabilities of TCs generating surge exceeding specific return levels (RLs) are then analyzed for TCs that pass within 500 km of a location, where between 7 % and 26 % of TCs were found to cause surge exceeding the 0.5-yr RL. If only the closest and strongest TCs are considered, the percentage of TCs that generate surge exceeding the 0.5-yr RL is between 30 % and 50 % at sites north of Sewell’s Point, VA, and over 70 % at almost all sites south of Charleston, SC. Overall, this analysis demonstrates that no single TC characteristic dictates how much surge will be generated and offers a unique perspective on surge probabilities that is based on all TCs rather than focusing only on those that cause extreme surge.
Investigating the Dynamic Changes in iNKT Cell Metabolic Profiles During Development.

Emerging research has highlighted the importance of metabolic pathways and metabolites in dictating immune cell lineage decisions during thymocyte development. Here, we discuss several complementary approaches, including flow cytometry, metabolic flux, and transcriptome analyses, to characterize the dynamic changes in metabolic profiles associated with invariant natural killer T cell development.
Stabilization of Brockett's generalized canonical driftless system

Brockett (1981) derived a canonical form for a class of controllable systems of the form x/spl dot/=B(x)u. He showed later that such systems cannot be stabilized by smooth state feedback. In this paper we analyze a discontinuous stabilizing feedback for a Lie algebraic version of this class of systems.
Combining Quality Assurance and Model Transformations in Business-Driven Development

Business-driven development is a methodology for developing IT solutions that directly satisfy business requirements. At its core are business processes, which are usually modeled by combining graphical and textual notations. During business-driven development, business process models are taken to the IT level, where they are implemented in a Service-Oriented Architecture. A major challenge in business-driven development is the semantic gap between models captured at the business and the IT level. Model transformations play a major role in bridging this gap. This paper presents a transformation framework for IBM WebSphere Business Modeler that enables programmers to quickly develop in-place model transformations, which are then made available to users of this tool. They address various user needs such as quickly correcting modeling errors, refining a process model, or applying a number of refactoring operations. Transformations are combined with quality assurance techniques, which help users to preserve or improve the correctness of their business process models when applying transformations.
A thermochemical study of the phase reaction (17)Pr7O12 + (17 − x2)O2 = PrO2−x

Abstract The heat of reaction and equilibrium pressure for both the oxidation and reduction reactions, ( 1 7 ) Pr 7 O 12 + ( 1 7 − x 2 ) O 2 = PrO 2−x , have been measured by means of a Tian-Calvet-type calorimeter and thermal balance. The results of equilibrium pressure measurements under isothermal conditions show a reproducible and unsymmetrical hysteresis loop. The unsymmetrical hysteresis loop is interpreted as due to a different pattern of intergrowth formed during oxidation and reduction. The ordered intermediate phases (PrnO2n−2) are intergrown coherently at the unit cell level with each other but not with the disordered α phase (PrO2−x). The role of coherent intergrowth in both symmetric and unsymmetric hysteresis loops has been discussed. The partial molar enthalpy ( −Δ H O 2 ) is about 58 kcal/mole of O2 in the Pr7O12 phase; it increases slightly as O/Pr increases, then increases sharply to about 85 kcal/mole of O2 around PrO1.78. No difference in partial molar enthalpy is observed between the oxidation and reduction paths within the experimental error, even though different equilibrium pressures are observed depending upon the path. The slight increase in the partial molar enthalpy in the “two-phase” region is attributed to the interaction term of the different domains using the same regular solution model used to account for the hysteresis observed previously. The sharp change in −Δ H O 2 around PrO1.78 is believed associated with the phase change from the coherently intergrown ordered phases to the disordered α phase. The difference between the partial molar entropy on oxidation and that on reduction is explained by both the regular solution model and the usual thermodynamic treatment using the data of isothermal hysteresis.
Systematic review: the epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults.

SUMMARY Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease, and its worldwide prevalence continues to increase with the growing obesity epidemic. This study assesses the epidemiology of NAFLD in adults based on clinical literature published over the past 30 years. Aim To review epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults based on clinical literature published over the past 30 years. Methods An in-depth search of PubMed (1980–2010) was based on five search terms: ‘nonalcoholic fatty liver disease’ OR ‘non-alcoholic steatohepatitis’ OR ‘fatty liver’ OR ‘steatosis’ AND ‘incidence’ [MeSH Terms] OR ‘prevalence’ [MeSH Terms] OR ‘natural history’. Studies of paediatric cohorts were excluded. Articles were categorised by topic and summarised, noting generalisations concerning their content.
Functional expression of the genomic DNA sequences encoding mouse Na,K-ATPase alpha 1 gene by cotransfection of overlapping genomic DNA segments.

Abstract The entire 33-kb coding region of the mouse Na,K-ATPase alpha 1 subunit gene was cloned in two overlapping cosmids which contain inserts of 40 kb. To assess the functional expression of the mouse alpha 1 gene, the two cosmids were cotransfected into ouabain-sensitive CV-1 monkey cells yielding an average of 64 resistant colonies per 10(6) cells per microgram of DNA. Analysis of the DNA transferred to the ouabain-resistant transformants by the two cosmids suggests that the generation of a functional gene can occur by homologous recombination between the two introduced segments, as demonstrated by generation of a novel diagnostic restriction fragment. The ability to reconstruct the intact mouse alpha 1 gene in a heterologous host cell and to monitor its functional expression with a selection protocol permits direct identification and isolation of regulatory sequences for the gene.
UV and visible emission processes in a moly-oxide discharge

Summary form only given, as follows. Due to the hazardous material designation of spent fluorescent lamps on board naval vessels, the Naval Research Laboratory has been investigating alternative lighting concepts which are free of mercury. A moly-oxide discharge driven by an inductively coupled RF coil at 13 MHz emits a broad spectrum in the visible range with strong line emission from the quintet spin levels of the Mo atom near the peak of the photopic curve. One limitation of such a discharge for direct white light applications is the near UV emission from the Mo septet resonance lines between 300 and 400 nm. Analysis of the excitation processes and channels for both the visible and UV emission will be presented based on a Boltzmann model for the electron energy distribution function and detailed atomic physics calculations for the cross sections. The results indicate that a Mo partial pressure of -10 mTorr or more will render the resonance lines optically thick and concurrently increase the visible emission. Calibrated spectroscopic measurements throughout the UV and visible region will be reported as a function of power and pressure and compared, through actinometry, with the theoretical simulations.
Low-cost, high-speed, real-time simulation for electric ship power systems

Real-time simulation of power electronic systems for electric ships is an essential technique for testing hardware and software in the loop. An important parameter of these simulations is the frame-time necessary to capture the dynamics of the system being simulated. Modern power electronic systems, using higher frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM) converter control, demand frame times that are significantly shorter than those found in most real-time simulators. Simulations have been developed for 6-pulse and 12-pulse, 3-phase voltage-sourced converters connected back to back and to ac systems at either end. The hardware-in-the-loop capabilities of the simulator have been tested by interfacing the simulation platform, installed on one computer, to simulated hardware on separate computers.
A generator for low frequencies

A practical source of alternating current at low frequency now is available for moderate cost. This generator is of the self-exciting commutator type. A description of its application, theory, and actual performance is included in this article.
Cell- and molecular-level mechanisms contributing to diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the default diagnosis for patients who have symptoms of heart failure, an ejection fraction >0.5, and evidence of diastolic dysfunction. The clinical condition, which was largely unrecognized 30 years ago, is now a major health problem and currently accounts for 50% of all patients with heart failure. Clinical studies show that patients with HFpEF exhibit increased passive stiffness of the ventricles and a slower rate of pressure decline during diastole. This review discusses some of the cell- and molecular-level mechanisms that contribute to these effects and focuses on data obtained using human samples. Collagen cross linking, modulation of protein kinase G-related pathways, Ca2+ handling, and strain-dependent detachment of cross bridges are highlighted as potential factors that could be modulated to improve ventricular function in patients with HFpEF.
Second-line chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer: a review.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy, and only a minority of patients survive 2 years. Although this cancer is sensitive to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the majority of patients relapse, and second-line treatment is an option for many. Currently in the United States, the combination of cisplatin/etoposide is the standard first-line therapy in SCLC. At this time, topotecan is the only Food and Drug Administration–approved chemotherapeutic agent for second-line treatment of SCLC. In this paper, we review studies of second-line chemotherapy for SCLC.
Use of mixed lymphocyte reaction to identify subimmunosuppressive FK-506 levels in mice.

The immunosuppressive agent FK-506 has a well-described neuroregenerative effect that is mediated by a mechanism independent of calcineurin inhibition. FK-506 levels that fall below the threshold for immunosuppression could therefore potentially enhance nerve regeneration while minimizing toxicity. The purpose of this study was to characterize the dose-dependent effects of FK506 on T-cell proliferation, and establish a subimmunosuppressive dosing regimen for FK-506 in mice. Forty BALB/cJ mice were randomized to four groups corresponding to 0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg/day doses of FK-506. Ten days postoperatively, animals were sacrificed, and mixed lymphocyte reaction assays were performed to quantify the immune response to nerve allografts. Mice receiving 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg/day of FK-506 exhibited a robust T-cell proliferation response, with stimulation indices approaching those of untreated animals. Mice treated with 1.0 mg/kg/day of FK-506 demonstrated significantly decreased T-cell proliferation. These results establish 0.5 mg/kg/day as an upper limit for subimmunosuppressive FK-506 administration.
Jean Rhys's Voyage in the dark histories patterned and resolute

(1988). Jean Rhys's Voyage in the dark histories patterned and resolute. World Literature Written in English: Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 125-133.
Fiber Loop Ringdown — a Time-Domain Sensing Technique for Multi-Function Fiber Optic Sensor Platforms: Current Status and Design Perspectives

Fiber loop ringdown (FLRD) utilizes an inexpensive telecommunications light source, a photodiode, and a section of single-mode fiber to form a uniform fiber optic sensor platform for sensing various quantities, such as pressure, temperature, strain, refractive index, chemical species, biological cells, and small volume of fluids. In FLRD, optical losses of a light pulse in a fiber loop induced by changes in a quantity are measured by the light decay time constants. FLRD measures time to detect a quantity; thus, FLRD is referred to as a time-domain sensing technique. FLRD sensors have near real-time response, multi-pass enhanced high-sensitivity, and relatively low cost (i.e., without using an optical spectral analyzer). During the last eight years since the introduction of the original form of fiber ringdown spectroscopy, there has been increasing interest in the FLRD technique in fiber optic sensor developments, and new application potential is being explored. This paper first discusses the challenging issues in development of multi-function, fiber optic sensors or sensor networks using current fiber optic sensor sensing schemes, and then gives a review on current fiber optic sensor development using FLRD technique. Finally, design perspectives on new generation, multi-function, fiber optic sensor platforms using FLRD technique are particularly presented.
Air Quality Monitoring During Construction and Initial Occupation of a New Building

Air quality monitoring was conducted during the late construction and early occupation stages of the College of DuPage Student Resource Center (SRC) addition from April 24,1995, to July 20,1995. Chemical contaminants monitored included combustibles; cleaning solvents; and human, furniture, and carpeting effluents. Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ethanol, propane, 3-pentanone, methyl cyclohexane, methyl formate, tetrahydrofuran, methyl methacrylate, and cyclohexane were used as calibration standards for continuous infrared absorption measurements. Indoor water content, outdoor relative humidity, indoor and outdoor temperatures, and indoor airborne particulate matter were measured. After most construction and indoor painting and carpeting were completed, a two-week air-out was performed using a continuous supply of fresh air, without recirculated air. This resulted in a low "case study" level of contaminants. Contaminant levels increased significantly after furniture and people move-ins and student use. Co...