cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Application of Informatics in Delineating the Proof of Concept for Creating Knowledge of the Value Added by Interprofessional Practice and Education

The resurgence of interest in the promise of interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPECP) to positively impact health outcomes, requires the collection of appropriate data that can be analyzed and from which information and knowledge linking IPECP interventions to improved health outcomes might be produced and reported to stakeholders such as health systems, policy makers and regulators, payers, and accreditation agencies. To generate such knowledge the National Center for Interprofessional Practice and Education at the University of Minnesota has developed three strategies, the first two of which are: (1) creating an IPECP research agenda, and (2) a national Nexus Innovation Network (NIN) of intervention projects that are generating data that are being input and housed in a National Center Data Repository (NCDR). In this paper, the informatics platform supporting the work of these first two strategies is presented as the third interconnected strategy for knowledge generation. The proof of concept for the informatics strategy is developed in this paper by describing: data input from the NIN into the NCDR, the linking and merging of those data to produce analyzable data files that incorporate institutional and individual level data, and the production of meaningful analyses to create and provide relevant information and knowledge. This paper is organized around the concepts of data, information and knowledge—the three conceptual foundations of informatics.
“Slow The Spread”: A National Program to Contain the Gypsy Moth

Invasion by alien species can cause substantial damage to our forest resources. The gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) represents one example of this problem, and we present here a new strategy for its management that concentrates on containment rather than suppression of out-breaks. The "Slow the Spread" project is a combined federal and state government effort to slow gypsy moth spread by detecting isolated colonies in grids of pheromone-baited traps placed along the expanding population front from Wisonsin to North Carolina. Detected colonies are treated using Bacillus thuringiensis or mating disruption. Analyses to date indicate that this project has reduced spread by more than 50 percent.
Effect of Temperature and Method of Semen Collection on the Viability of Turkey Spermatozoa

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of semen collection temperature and semen collection method on the viability of turkey spermatozoa. When semen was collected into a dry tube maintained at 5 C, the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa was lower (81%) than when semen was collected into dry tubes maintained at 15 (90%) and 25 C (93%) or a tube containing Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) maintained at 5 C (93%). When semen was collected into tubes containing BPSE, the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa (92 to 96%) was not affected by collection temperature. Sperm motility and egg hatchability were not affected by semen collection temperature or semen collection method.
An apparatus for continuous short period measurements of human respiratory exchange during rest and muscular work.

An apparatus is described that is suited to the measurement of the respiratory exchange of man at rest, during the performance of muscular work, and during the recovery period after the work is stopped. The advantages of the apparatus are that a small amount of exertion is required from the subject to operate the valves and to elevate a light, well counterpoised spirometer bell, that a graphic record of the respiration can be obtained, that a knowledge of the lung ventilation and composition of expired air can be obtained, that no bulky spirometer or bags are required, and that it can be easily assembled from parts that are commercially available.
IMMUNIZATION OF VOLUNTEERS WITH SOLUBLE ANTIGENS OF ADENOVIRUS TYPE 1.

SummaryVaccination with non-infectious, type-specific and group-specific soluble antigens of adenovirus type 1 induced neutralizing antibody in adult volunteers. As compared with non-immunized controls, ocular challenge of volunteers immunized with both preparations was followed by a significant reduction in throat and rectal virus shedding. There was almost complete suppression of illness in volunteers receiving type-specific antigen. It is difficult to interpret the illness pattern in the man who was given group-specific antigen. These findings suggest that soluble antigens of adenovirus type 1 may provide effective immunization in this disease.
Automobile General Assembly Process Review Method Study

This paper is made base on 7 diamonds issue resolution process,by using FMEA(Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) as analysis tool,and integrated current product and process problem solutions,with checking new product design by virtual review,summarizes the critical elements of GA process and the strategy which should be focus on during process validation.Provides Manufacture Requirement for new product development to meet with the requirement of Design For Manufacturability,and directs process daily maintenance and standards continuous improvement,to enhance building quality and reduce waste.
Pseudo Cold Start Link Prediction with Multiple Sources in Social Networks.

Link prediction is an important task in social networks and data mining for understanding the mechanisms by which the social networks form and evolve. In most link prediction researches, it is assumed either a snapshot of the social network or a social network with some missing links is available. Most existing researches therefore approach this problem by exploring the topological structure of the social network using only one source of information. However, in many application domains, in addition to the social network of interest, there are a number of auxiliary information available. In this work, we introduce the pseudo cold start link prediction with multiple sources as the problem of predicting the structure of a social network when only a small subgraph of the social network is known and multiple heterogeneous sources are available. We propose a two-phase supervised method: the first phase generates an efficient feature selection scheme to find the best feature from multiple sources that is used for predicting the structure in the social network. In the second phase, we propose a regularization method to control the risk of over-fitting induced by the first phase. We assess our method empirically over a large data collection obtained from Youtube. The extensive experimental evaluations confirm the effectiveness of our approach.
Changing Union Representation Election Voting Regimes: What Can We Learn?

Abstract In 2010, the National Mediation Board (NMB) decided to base Railway Labor Act representation election outcomes on a simple majority of those voting, rather than on the majority of all eligible voters, as had been required earlier. This was widely expected to make it easier for unions to win rights to recognition in the railway and airline industries. We demonstrate that investors expected that this change would favor unions, just as they earlier had expected rule changes that made voting easier (in 2002 and 2007) to be favorable to unions, affecting stock prices of railway and airline corporations. After the 2010 change in election procedure, between 77% and 91% of all eligible employees returned ballots in NMB elections, demonstrating that a significant portion of nonvoters were not opposed to union representation, but simply were unwilling or were unable to vote. We conclude that the current voting process is fairer than the old one. However, it has not resulted in a tide of union success in these representation elections. Apparently scholars, the parties themselves, and investors all over-estimated the practical consequences of changing NMB representation election procedures.
Macroeconomic susceptibility, inflation, and aggregate supply

Abstract We unify aggregate-supply dynamics as a time-dependent susceptibility-mediated relationship between inflation and aggregate economic output. In addition to representing well various observations of inflation–output dynamics this parsimonious formalism provides a straightforward derivation of popular representations of aggregate-supply dynamics and a natural basis for economic-agent expectations as an element of inflation formation. Our formalism also illuminates questions of causality and time-correlation that challenge central banks for whom aggregate-supply dynamics is a key constraint in their goal of achieving macroeconomic stability.
Abstract 462: Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and immunosuppressive T regulatory cells are associated with aggressive breast cancer subtypes

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Background: An increase in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) indicates an immune response to tumor antigens. CD8+ TILs play a vital role in cancer progression, and may have tumor suppressive effects. FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs), however, suppress a variety of immune cells - including CD4+ TILs, CD8+ TILs, dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages - and thus may inhibit the beneficial effect these cells have on tumor suppression. Specifically, CD8+ TILs - which are a critical component of tumor-specific adaptive immunity - are a major target of Tregs. This study was aimed at understanding how these TILs correlate with breast cancer molecular subtypes in diverse population of breast cancer patients. Methods: Tissue Microarrays (TMAs) of breast cancer cases from 1992-2010 were obtained from the University of Chicago breast cancer biospecimen bank under IRB approved protocols. Molecular subtype was assigned based on immunohistochemical (IHC) staining into the following groups: luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2-), luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2+), HER2-like (ER/PR-, HER2+) and basal-like (ER/PR/HER2-, EGFR+ and/or CK5/6+). IHC for CD8 and FoxP3 was performed on TMAs using DAKO, cat # M7103 antibody, and Abcam antibody cat #ab20034. The amount of CD8+ and FoxP3+ cells presents within the neoplastic tissue were counted manually in two high-powered fields (x400) by two independent pathologists, and recalculated for 1 mm2. The ratio of FoxP3+/CD8+ was calculated and correlated with molecular subtype. Results: Of the 292 cores evaluated, 268 were evaluable representing 134 individual cases. There were 28 basal-like (20.9%), 14 HER2 (10.4%), 78 luminal A (58.3%), and 14 luminal B (10.4%). Basal-like tumors showed the highest infiltration of both Tregs and CD8+ TILs when compared to other breast cancer subtypes, and the ratio of FoxP3+: CD8+ TILs in basal-like tumors were 1.7, 2.5, and 4.5-fold higher than in HER2, Luminal A, and Luminal B tumors respectively (p<0.05 for all correlations). Summary: FoxP3+ and CD8+ TIL infiltration density were significantly different among molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Future studies will examine the genomic determinants and prognostic significance of TILs in aggressive breast cancer subtypes, especially basal-like breast cancers. Citation Format: Galina F. Khramtsova, Rita Nanda, Ekaterina A. Khramtsova, Lise Sveen, Sope Olugbile, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade. Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and immunosuppressive T regulatory cells are associated with aggressive breast cancer subtypes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 462. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-462
The Effectiveness of Virtual Worlds for Education: An Empirical Study

Despite the widespread popularity of using virtual worlds for education, only a few studies have compared learning outcomes in virtual worlds versus other, less resource­intensive media. A within­subjects study examined cognitive and affective learn­ ing outcomes when using a virtual world and voice­over slide presentations to learn about the Forbidden City in China. Re­ sults show that learners consistently reported higher perceived learning and satisfaction with learning in the virtual world than when using voice­over presentations, even when scores on tests of declarative knowledge were lower when learning in the virtual world if the virtual world was used first. An interaction effect between learning method and learning method order indicates that simply using a virtual world is not sufficient to improve cognitive learning outcomes.
Special Issue on Measuring and Modeling of Plasma-Material Interactions

The 57th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society (APS) Division of Plasma Physics (DPP) took place November 16–20, 2015, in Savannah, Georgia, at the Savannah International Trade Convention...
A new player in bacterial sulfide-inducible transcriptional regulation.

Summary Although hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is perhaps best known as a toxic gas, the electron-rich H2S functions as an energy source and electron donor for chemolithotrophic and photosynthetic bacteria, via sulfide oxidation, and is a universal substrate for cysteine biosynthesis. These distinct harmful and beneficial roles of H2S suggest the need to “sense” prevailing concentrations of sulfide and downstream reactive sulfur species (RSS) and regulate the expression of genes mediating sulfide homeostasis. The paper by Li et al. in this issue of Molecular Microbiology adds Cupriavidus FisR to an expanding repertoire of regulatory mechanisms that bacteria have evolved to sense cellular RSS and mitigate their deleterious effects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Weight Management in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity.

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are typically viewed as lean individuals. However, recent reports showed that their obesity rate surpassed that of the general population. Patients with T1D who show clinical signs of type 2 diabetes such as obesity and insulin resistance are considered to have “double diabetes.” This review explains the mechanisms of weight gain in patients with T1D and how to manage it. Weight management in T1D can be successfully achieved in real-world clinical practice. Nutrition therapy includes reducing energy intake and providing a structured nutrition plan that is lower in carbohydrates and glycemic index and higher in fiber and lean protein. The exercise plan should include combination stretching as well as aerobic and resistance exercises to maintain muscle mass. Dynamic adjustment of insulin doses is necessary during weight management. Addition of anti-obesity medications may be considered. If medical weight reduction is not achieved, bariatric surgery may also be considered.
State logging in chemical reaction networks

Recording the state of a molecular programmed nanosystem is essential for many purposes. The capability to log the state helps in debugging and verifying the system, enables checkpointing for rollback in case of faults, and provides stable system states for input into other devices. In this paper we present the computational design of a molecular device to log the states of a system modeled by a chemical reaction network. We describe, formally specify and prove the correctness of the design. We then extend the device to include components that detect whether a signal is valid and log only valid states. These molecular components enable us to store a copy of the system's state and to communicate that copy to another system for use.
The Global–Local Dilemma and the ICC’s Legitimacy

A key impediment to the ICC’s legitimacy is the tension between its dual mandates to both serve the global community, especially through world-wide crime prevention, and to assist the local communities most affected by the crimes it adjudicates, including by providing reparations. These mandates can sometimes be pursued simultaneously, but some decisions require the ICC to privilege one or the other set of objectives. For instance, effective global crime prevention may require dispersing prosecutorial resources across large geographic areas, whereas the victims in ICC situation countries may prefer a greater depth of prosecutions within a given situation. This Chapter demonstrates that the literature on the ICC’s legitimacy has largely failed to address this “global-local dilemma.” It argues that greater attention should be devoted to clarifying the ICC’s mission in order to promote the institution’s still fragile legitimacy.
Open-Ended Survey Questions: Item Nonresponse Nightmare or Qualitative Data Dream?

The purpose of this research was to explore whether those with certain demographic and personal characteristics, including gender, age, cohort, number of children, marital status, citizenship, race, current employment status, income, and institutional satisfaction level, are more or less likely to respond to open-ended questions placed at the beginning, middle, and end of an online alumni survey. Using data from the Strategic National Arts Alumni Project (SNAAP), a series of chi-squared and means comparisons analyses were done to compare whether or not respondents provided an answer to three different open-ended questions throughout the survey. Findings suggest that there are some group differences in likelihood of response, which could be explained by time burden, negativity bias, and self-identification as “other.”
Mercury Loading and Methylmercury Production and Cycling in High-Altitude Lakes from the Western United States

Studies worldwide have shown that mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitouscontaminant, reaching even the most remote environments such ashigh-altitude lakes via atmospheric pathways. However, very fewstudies have been conducted to assess Hg contamination levels ofthese systems. We sampled 90 mid-latitude, high-altitude lakes from seven national parks in the western United States during afour-week period in September 1999. In addition to the synoptic survey, routine monitoring and experimental studies were conducted at one of the lakes (Mills Lake) to quantify MeHg fluxrates and important process rates such as photo-demethylation. Results show that overall, high-altitude lakes have low total mercury (HgT) and methylmercury (MeHg) levels (1.07 and 0.05 ng L-1, respectively), but a very good correlation of Hg to MeHg (r2= 0.82) suggests inorganic Hg(II) loading is a primary controlling factor of MeHg levels in dilute mountain lakes. Positive correlations were also observed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and both Hg and MeHg, although to a much lesser degree. Levels of MeHg were similar among the seven national parks, with the exception of Glacier National Park where lowerconcentrations were observed (0.02 ng L-1), and appear to berelated to naturally elevated pH values there. Measured rates ofMeHg photo-degradation at Mills Lake were quite fast, and thisprocess was of equal importance to sedimentation and stream flowfor removing MeHg. Enhanced rates of photo-demethylation are likely an important reason why high-altitude lakes, with typically high water clarity and sunlight exposure, are low in MeHg.
A Supercritical CO2 Gas Turbine Power Cycle for Next-Generation Nuclear Reactors

Although proposed more than 35 years ago, the use of supercritical CO{sub 2} as the working fluid in a closed circuit Brayton cycle has so far not been implemented in practice. Industrial experience in several other relevant applications has improved prospects, and its good efficiency at modest temperatures (e.g., {approx}45% at 550 deg. C) make this cycle attractive for a variety of advanced nuclear reactor concepts. The version described here is for a gas-cooled, modular fast reactor. In the proposed gas-cooled fast breeder reactor design of present interest, CO{sub 2} is also especially attractive because it allows the use of metal fuel and core structures. The principal advantage of a supercritical CO{sub 2} Brayton cycle is its reduced compression work compared to an ideal gas such as helium: about 15% of gross power turbine output vs. 40% or so. This also permits the simplification of use of a single compressor stage without inter-cooling. The requisite high pressure ({approx}20 MPa) also has the benefit of more compact heat exchangers and turbines. Finally, CO{sub 2} requires significantly fewer turbine stages than He, its principal competitor for nuclear gas turbine service. One disadvantage of CO{sub 2} in a direct cycle application is themore » production of N-16, which will require turbine plant shielding (albeit much less than in a BWR). The cycle efficiency is also very sensitive to recuperator effectiveness and compressor inlet temperature. It was found necessary to split the recuperator into separate high-and low-temperature components, and to employ intermediate re-compression, to avoid having a pinch-point in the cold end of the recuperator. Over the past several decades developments have taken place that make the acceptance of supercritical CO{sub 2} systems more likely: supercritical CO{sub 2} pipelines are in use in the western US in oil-recovery operations; 14 advanced gas-cooled reactors (AGR) are employed in the UK at CO{sub 2} temperatures up to 650; and utilities now have experience with Rankine cycle power plants at pressures as high as 25 MPa. Furthermore, CO{sub 2} is the subject of R and D as the working fluid in schemes to sequester CO{sub 2} from fossil fuel combustion and for refrigeration service as a replacement for CFCs. (authors)« less
Discriminative Indexing for Probabilistic Image Patch Priors

Newly emerged probabilistic image patch priors, such as Expected Patch Log-Likelihood (EPLL), have shown excellent performance on image restoration tasks, especially deconvolution, due to its rich expressiveness. However, its applicability is limited by the heavy computation involved in the associated optimization process. Inspired by the recent advances on using regression trees to index priors defined on a Conditional Random Field, we propose a novel discriminative indexing approach on patch-based priors to expedite the optimization process. Specifically, we propose an efficient tree indexing structure for EPLL, and overcome its training tractability challenges in high-dimensional spaces by utilizing special structures of the prior. Experimental results show that our approach accelerates state-of-the-art EPLL-based deconvolution methods by up to 40 times, with very little quality compromise.
Treatment with a 5-day versus a 10-day schedule of decitabine in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia: a randomised phase 2 trial

Summary Background Hypomethylating agents, such as decitabine, are the standard of care for older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia. Single-arm studies have suggested that a 10-day schedule of decitabine cycles leads to better outcomes than the usual 5-day schedule. We compared the efficacy and safety of these two schedules. Methods Eligible patients were aged 60 years or older with acute myeloid leukaemia but unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy (or ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT01786343 . Findings Between Feb 28, 2013, and April 12, 2018, 71 patients were enrolled. 28 received decitabine for 5 days and 43 for 10 days, and all were assessable for efficacy and safety. The primary endpoint was achieved in similar proportions of patients in the two treatment groups (12 [43%] of 28 in the 5-day schedule group, 95% credible interval 26–60, and 17 [40%] of 43 in the 10-day schedule group, 26–54, p=0·78; difference 3%, −21 to 27). Total follow-up was 38·2 months, during which the median duration of overall survival was 5·5 months (IQR 2·1–11·7) in the 5-day group and 6·0 months (1·9–11·7) in the 10-day group. 1-year overall survival was 25% in both groups. Complete remission, CRp, CRi, and overall survival did not differ between groups when stratified by cytogenetics, de-novo versus secondary or therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia, or TP53mut status. The most common grade 3–4 adverse events were neutropenic fever (seven patients [25%] in the 5-day group and 14 [33%] in the 10-day group) and infection (five [18%] and 16 [37%], respectively). One patient (4%) died from sepsis in the context of neutropenic fever, infection, and haemorrhage in the 5-day group, and in the 10-day group six patients (14%) died from infection. Early mortality was similar in the two groups. Interpretation In older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia, efficacy and safety did not differ by the 5-day or the 10-day decitabine schedule. Funding University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and National Cancer Institute Specialized Programs of Research Excellence.
Exploring the Relationship of personality characteristics and spirituality to empathy: Does spirituality add to our understanding?

Although research generally supports a relationship between certain personality dimensions and empathy, there is relatively little empirical information directly examining the relationship between ...
Self-Control, Sanction Threats, Temptation, and Crime: Examining Contingencies of Self-Control in a Cross-National Context:

Using a representative household survey data, we examine the generality of self-control, the predictive strengths of sanction threats, and the interaction between criminal propensity and sanction t...
Considering Power Law, Optical Refractivity, and Anisotropy Using Gaussian Beam Statistics

The Rytov approximation is used with different initial beam radius of curvature in orthogonal directions to approximate optical refractivity with an anisotropic nonKolmogorov spectrum in weak turbulence. Results are compared to experimental data.
Del Nido cardioplegia in isolated adult coronary artery bypass surgery.

Abstract Background Del Nido cardioplegia (DC) offers prolonged single-dose myocardial protection in pediatric cardiac surgery. We set out to evaluate the efficacy of DC in adult patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods From January 2012 to October 2017, 851 consecutive isolated CABG surgeries were performed by 2 study surgeons at our center with blood cardioplegia (BC, n = 350), used from January 2012 to April 2014, and DC (n = 501), used from May 2014 to October 2017. Propensity matching was used to yield 325 well-matched pairs. Clinical data were extracted from our local Society of Thoracic Surgeons database and mortality data from the Michigan State Social Security Death Index. Results Single-dose administration was used in 83% (417/501) of patients receiving DC. In propensity-matched groups, postoperative median troponin T levels (0.28 [0.16-0.59] ng/mL vs 0.46 [0.27-0.81] ng/mL; P Conclusions The current study revealed noninferior myocardial protection and clinical outcomes with DC versus BC in both routine and greater-risk patients undergoing isolated CABG. DC demonstrated the feasibility of single-dose administration for isolated CABG surgery. Larger randomized studies are needed to further explore the safety and efficacy of DC in adult cardiac surgery with longer crossclamp times.
What makes health systems resilient against infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards? Results from a scoping review

The 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak was a wake-up call regarding the critical importance of resilient health systems. Fragile health systems can become overwhelmed during public health crises, further exacerbating the human, economic, and political toll. Important work has been done to describe the general attributes of a health system resilient to these crises, and the next step will be to identify the specific capacities that health systems need to develop and maintain to achieve resiliency. We conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify recurring themes and capacities needed for health system resiliency to infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards and any existing implementation frameworks that highlight these capacities. We also sought to identify the overlap of the identified themes and capacities with those highlighted in the World Health Organization’s Joint External Evaluation. Sources of evidence included PubMed, Web of Science, OAIster, and the websites of relevant major public health organizations. We identified 16 themes of health system resilience, including: the need to develop plans for altered standards of care during emergencies, the need to develop plans for post-event recovery, and a commitment to quality improvement. Most of the literature described the general attributes of a resilient health system; no implementation frameworks were identified that could translate these elements into specific capacities that health system actors can employ to improve resilience to outbreaks and natural hazards in a variety of settings. An implementation-oriented health system resilience framework could help translate the important components of a health system identified in this review into specific capacities that actors in the health system could work to develop to improve resilience to public health crises. However, there remains a need to further refine the concept of resilience so that health systems can simultaneously achieve sustainable transformations in healthcare practice and health service delivery as well as improve their preparedness for emergencies.
Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in the United States.

Background: Childhood obesity is one of the foremost threats to population health in the United States (U.S.) leading to the emergence of co-morbidities and increased healthcare cost. We explore the influence of selected social determinants of health (SDOH) on overweight and obesity among U.S. children. Methods: We utilized the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) 2016-17 dataset for this analysis. Overweight was defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) ? 85 th to<95 th , while obesity was defined as BMI ?95 th percentile for age and sex. Based on the literature and pathway plausibility, we examined several SDOH variables as predictors of childhood overweight or obesity in the US. Survey log-binomial regression models were built to generate prevalence ratio (PR) estimates to capture the associations between SDOH and overweight or obesity. Results: About 30.6 million children were surveyed of which 9.5 million (31.0%) were either overweight or obese. The likelihood of obesity was elevated among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic children (PR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.01-2.31) and (PR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.18-1.90) respectively. Overweight was more frequent in younger children, children of single parents, and children who lived in a neighborhood with no amenities. Parental attainment of college education, health insurance coverage, female gender, and language spoken in home other than Spanish were protective against overweight or obesity. Conclusions and Global Health Implications: SDOH represent markers of overweight or obesity in children. We recommend the development of innovative interventions using SDOH risk and protective pathways as guide to address the current epidemic of childhood overweight and obesity. Copyright © 2020 Yusuf et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Sexual Behavior as an Addictive or Compulsive Phenomenon

The notion that sexual behavior can be compulsive, addictive, or otherwise out-of-control has received significant attention in the recent sexological, psychological, and public health literatures. Additionally, numerous clinicians and self-help groups have increased awareness of, and “treatments” for, sexual addiction and sexually compulsive behavior. However, to date, there remains substantial debate and skepticism surrounding the nature and existence of sexual addiction (or sexual compulsivity) as a pathological condition. This chapter provides an overview of the historical foundations underlying contemporary perspectives on sexual compulsivity, a summary of the literature on the dominant theoretical perspectives on the clinical manifestations and etiology of sexual compulsivity. The primary measures being used by researchers to understand sexual compulsivity are summarized, including the Carnes’ Addiction Model, Coleman’s Compulsive Sexual Behavior Model, and Kalichman’s Impulse Control Model, and a new scale focused on measuring both behavioral and cognitive outcomes of compulsive behavior is reviewed. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future research and clinical practice.
The Physiological Regulation of Emotion During Social Interactions: Vagal Flexibility Moderates the Effects of a Military Parenting Intervention on Father Involvement in a Randomized Trial

To make prevention programs more effective and understand “what works for whom,” evidence regarding what individual characteristics predict intervention responsiveness is needed. Previous studies have evaluated a military parent training program known as After Deployment Adaptive Parenting Tools/ADAPT, yet less is understood about the program’s varying effects for fathers. We tested the physiological regulation of emotion during social interactions as a moderator predicting fathers’ responsiveness in a randomized trial of ADAPT, in which emotion regulation was operationally measured through vagal flexibility (VF; dynamic changes in cardiac vagal tone). Families with a child aged between 4 and 13 years for whom physiological data were gathered (n = 145) were randomly assigned to ADAPT (14-week face-to-face group intervention) or a control group (services as usual). Fathers in these families were National Guard/Reserve members who had been deployed to war in Iraq and/or Afghanistan and recently returned. Prior to the intervention, cardiac data was collected in-home throughout a set of family interaction tasks and VF was operationalized as the changes in high frequency (HF) power of heart rate variability (HRV) from a reading task to a problem-solving task. Parenting behaviors were observed and coded based on theory-driven indicators pre-intervention and at 1-year follow-up. Results of structural equation modeling showed that VF significantly moderated fathers’ intervention responsiveness, such that fathers with higher vs. lower VF exhibited more effective parenting at 1-year follow-up if they were randomized into ADAPT vs. the control group. This study is the first to demonstrate that parasympathetic vagal functioning may be a biomarker to predict response to a military parenting intervention to enhance parenting in combat deployed fathers. The implications for precision-based prevention are discussed.
Mitochondrial Protein Quality Control Mechanisms

Mitochondria serve as a hub for many cellular processes, including bioenergetics, metabolism, cellular signaling, redox balance, calcium homeostasis, and cell death. The mitochondrial proteome includes over a thousand proteins, encoded by both the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. The majority (~99%) of proteins are nuclear encoded that are synthesized in the cytosol and subsequently imported into the mitochondria. Within the mitochondria, polypeptides fold and assemble into their native functional form. Mitochondria health and integrity depend on correct protein import, folding, and regulated turnover termed as mitochondrial protein quality control (MPQC). Failure to maintain these processes can cause mitochondrial dysfunction that leads to various pathophysiological outcomes and the commencement of diseases. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the role of different MPQC regulatory systems such as mitochondrial chaperones, proteases, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, mitochondrial unfolded protein response, mitophagy, and mitochondria-derived vesicles in the maintenance of mitochondrial proteome and health. The proper understanding of mitochondrial protein quality control mechanisms will provide relevant insights to treat multiple human diseases.
Formal Modeling and Analysis of Multi-Rogue Backoff Manipulation Attacks in Unlicensed Networks

Security vulnerabilities that are unique to unlicensed (secondary) networks have been well studied in literature. However, the nature and impact of traditional wireless network threats, such as backoff manipulation when applied to secondary networks, require further investigation in particular for multiple rogue station scenarios. In this paper, we perform modeling and analysis of multi-rogue backoff manipulation attack strategies in secondary wireless networks using the PRISM probabilistic model checker. Our secondary network implementation in PRISM includes scenarios where: a) sub-band (channel) occupancy by licensed (primary) nodes follows an ON-OFF model with parameters derived from real measurement data and b) the secondary network consists of up to three rogue secondary stations out of eight total with all following CSMA/CA like contention process for channel access. Unlike honest secondary stations, the rogues carry out a backoff-manipulation strategy of selecting a backoff timer that deviates from the backoff-selection process mandated by the secondary network. Unlike simulation based analysis, our analysis using PRISM model checker considers all possible combinations of system parameters and proves that for any set of primary ONOFF parameters and for any density of rogues in the network, a fixed backoff selection (instead of random) maximizes the channel access probability of a particular rogue irrespective of other rogues’ selection strategy. The results from this work will help generate deeper understanding of medium access threat landscape of secondary networks and foster design of more resilient access control strategies.
Induction immunosuppression and the risk of incident malignancies among older and younger kidney transplant recipients: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND Older (≥65) KT recipients differ from their younger counterparts in their immune response to immunosuppression (IS) and may have a different risk of malignancy after receiving induction. METHODS We identified 66 700 adult KT recipients treated with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) (n = 40 443) or interleukin-2 receptor antagonist (IL-2RA) (n = 26 327) induction (1/1/1999-12/31/2014) using USRDS/Medicare data. We estimated the risk of first-diagnosed post-KT malignancy associated with induction (ATG vs. IL-2RA) using Cox proportional hazard models. We then tested whether these risks differed between older and younger recipients (Wald test for interaction). Models incorporated inverse probability of treatment weights to adjust for confounders. RESULTS The 3-year cumulative incidences of any diagnosed malignancy were 11.5%. ATG was associated with a higher malignancy risk (HR = 1.12, 95%CI:1.06-1.18). This association differed (pinteraction = 0.04) between younger (HR = 1.12, 95%CI:1.06-1.18) and older recipients (HR = 1.03, 95%CI:0.96-1.09). ATG was also associated with higher risk of skin (HR = 1.18, 95%CI:1.08-1.29), lung (HR = 1.24, 95%CI:1.05-1.47), and ovary malignancies (HR = 1.94, 95%CI:1.08-3.48). However, only the association of ATG with post-KT skin malignancy differed (pinteraction = 0.01) between younger (HR = 1.18; 95%CI:1.08-1.29) and older (HR = 1.01; 95%CI:0.93-1.09) recipients. CONCLUSIONS Compared with IL-2RA induction, ATG was associated with elevated post-KT malignancy risk but only among younger recipients. Transplant centers may need to tailor induction IS for younger recipients to mitigate malignancy risk.
A 42–62 GHz Transformer-Based Broadband mm-Wave InP PA With Second-Harmonic Waveform Engineering and Enhanced Linearity

Indium phosphide (InP) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with $f_{t}/f_{\max}$ of 350/675 GHz are studied and explored for a linear, high efficiency and broadband power amplifiers (PAs) at mm-wave frequencies. Unlike the conventional transmission-like-based design, this article presents a compact, broadband transformer-based power combining and impedance matching using the waveform engineering approach. We present, for the first time, mm-wave (40–60 GHz) InP topologies incorporating the following: 1) on-chip transformer for broadband, efficient and compact impedance matching and power combining; 2) synthesis of optimal second-harmonic impedance through transformer center tap to achieve high-efficiency differential PA operation; and 3) biasing techniques to reduce AM–PM distortion for linearity enhancement. This work reports a transformer-based push–pull InP PA in $0.25~\mu \text{m}$ technology across 42–62 GHz demonstrating a peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 39.5% and peak $P_{\text{sat}}$ of 20.6 dBm. The PA supports 4 GHz bandwidth at 52 GHz with an EVM of −22.9 dB and an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of −32 dBc for an 8 Gb/s QPSK signal at 13.3 dBm average output power. This work presents one of the highest efficiency with wide bandwidth and highest linearity mm-wave PAs in integrated technology.
Water-filled ditches: Surface expressions of dead crevasses that are not connected to the bed

The increasing ubiquity of high-resolution imagery has yielded many observations of water-filled crevasses across the surfaces of glaciers and ice sheets (e.g., Figure 1a). The subsurface character...
Animal Cancer Therapy Models: Ready Translation to Humans

Animal models are used and developed to answer basic scientific questions, to study pharmacokinetics, to test therapeutics, and to prepare for translational work. Often, the goal is to cure a malady in our human and animal patients. Cancer therapeutics can involve chemicals, radiation, nanoparticles, antibodies, as well as a gamut of other agents. The focus of this chapter is to review the understanding of radionuclides and their use in cancer therapy and diagnostics.
Álvaro Retana and Claudina Regnier: authorship, enigma and queer celebrity (1911–1917)

Between 1911 and 1917, Alvaro Retana (1890–1970), a leading figure in the popular culture of Silver Age Spain (1898–1936), published dozens of newspaper and magazine articles, two kiosk novelettes ...
Self-Destructive Patients and Unreasonable Care Requests

Physicians are encouraged to engage in shared decision making with their patients. In shared decision making, physicians and patients are both active agents with free will to make choices, and ultimately approve an agreed-upon medical choice. This provides a stark contrast with paternalism, a decision-making process in which physicians use a best-interest standard to make medical decisions for their patients. Paternalism was common in Western practice up until the 1970s, when a shared decision making model gained favor. Shared decision making can prove difficult when patients have unreasonable care requests, such as seeking treatment that is not medically necessary or that may even put them at risk of harm. Furthermore, patients are armed with more medical knowledge than ever, both from reliable and unreliable sources, due to the Internet. In this chapter, we explore ethical and legal issues surrounding patients making unreasonable care requests, and suggest several communication techniques to address such requests.
Achieving Developmental Goals Through Impact Investing in Nigeria

The United Nations adopted a 2030 agenda in 2015 comprising the sustainable development goals designed to replace the erstwhile Millennium Development Goals. According to the UN, the aim of these SDGs is to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all. However, achievement of the SDGs would require huge financial commitment and global collaboration. Development entails an all-inclusive approach to economic, social and political stability. In a 2016 Human Development Report issued by the UNDP, Nigeria is ranked among countries with low human development. The Human Development Index is measured through three dimensions: long and healthy life, access to knowledge and decent standard of living. Also, Nigeria’s economy slipped into recession in 2016 largely due to adverse economic shocks, inconsistent economic policies and the national security challenges. The country has slowly recovered from the recession in 2017 but fundamental developmental challenges such as poverty, inequality, unemployment remains high in the country. Private investments are a key policy priority to drive economic diversification and facilitate economic growth in the country. Beyond economic growth, there is also the need to adopt development strategies that would that would not only increase inflow of investments but also address these social needs. Impact investment is a form of innovative financing which involves providing funds for socially beneficial goals asides from the typical business aim of financial return. It is a viable means of facilitating societal development goals and ensuring grass root development. The focus of this paper is to highlight the nature, scope and benefits of impact investment as a tool for development financing and consider the main challenges to creating a successful environment for impact investing in Nigeria.
Performance Studies of 3D-Hyper-FleX-LION for HPC Applications

This paper studies the performance of 3D-Hyper-FleX-LION for HPC systems. The simulation results obtained for different HPC applications (i.e. Fill Boundary, Crystal Router, MiniFE, and MiniDFT) show up to 2.8 ×improvements in throughput per watt when compared with a Fat-Tree with no oversubcription.
'Be a Lot Cooler if You Didn’t': Why Judges Should Refrain from Pop Culture References in Judicial Opinions

The use of pop culture references in judicial opinions—sometimes referred to as “dropping pop”—is unfortunately a growing trend. This Article presents the 2021 Briseno v. Henderson opinion as an illustration of the harms of unnecessary pop culture references. It provides a thorough analysis of the numerous ways in which pop culture references in judicial opinions are ill advised. It also addresses the arguments in favor of the practice, providing counterarguments to show why any purported benefits are exaggerated and far outweighed by the downsides. Then advice for judges, including best practices, is given. The Article concludes by providing suggested language for the Model Code of Judicial Conduct regarding pop culture references. Pop culture references are often misunderstood, which can lead to a misunderstanding of the case. Traditionally marginalized populations are particularly vulnerable to this, as they often do not share the same exposure to pop culture as predominantly white judges. They result in litigants believing that the judge was arbitrary, irreverent, and making fun of their plight. They blur the lines between fictional entertainment and the real-life legal system. They are perhaps indicative of a judge who is focusing on self-promotion at the cost of sound legal analysis. And they can be distracting, especially when the reader finds the reference offensive. Any net benefit gained by the entertainment value some experience from a pop culture reference is offset by the confusion and disagreement by others. And pop culture references are not necessary to create an engaging opinion. These references can serve as “seductive details” drawing attention away from the legal holding. They are likely not as persuasive as some advocates claim, and even if they were, persuasion is not a primary goal of a judicial opinion. The general public may find pop culture references in judicial opinions interesting, but this likely comes at the cost of diminished respect for the judicial system.
Gendered Justice: Do Male and Female Justices Rule Differently on Questions of Gay Rights?

After reviewing 424 legal conclusions by 244 judges, this piece concludes that there are statistically significant differences between how men and women rule on questions of gay rights, with women being more likely to rule in favor of gays and lesbians on their due process and equal protection claims. This project controls for political party, age, decision year, and region - among other variables. To explain the source of the judicial gender gap, this piece then marshals General Social Survey Data, congressional voting records, and law school student surveys. It concludes by assessing the implications of the trend and exploring whether it is likely to persist.