cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward inertial reference frames with the SIM observatory

The SIM Lite Observatory is expected to provide a global astrometric reference frame surpassing the 1-μas accuracy threshold in some spherical harmonics. A range of time-varying physical distortions of the reference frame will become observable as large-scale perturbations of the proper motion field. I consider the main sources of the apparent and physical motion of reference objects, such as the aberration of light caused by the acceleration of SIM, long gravitational waves and hypothetical rotation of the Universe, and present some estimates of the astrometric sensitivity to these effects. I argue that a global solution and covariance analysis is of crucial importance for the SIM mission to differentiate the inevitable accidental and systematic zonal errors from real physical phenomena.
Characterization of a second member of the sentrin family of ubiquitin- like proteins

Sentrin is a novel ubiquitin-like protein that can be conjugated to other proteins in a manner analogous to ubiquitination. Two additional cDNA sequences that encode proteins highly homologous to sentrin have been reported to GenBank™. It is not known whether these sentrin-like proteins could also function as protein modifiers. In this report, a second member of the sentrin family was characterized in detail. Sentrin-2 is a 95-amino acid polypeptide that is 46% identical and 66% homologous to sentrin-1. Northern blot analysis showed that the sentrin-2 message was expressed in all tissues, but was barely detectable in the liver and placenta. The ability of sentrin-2 to conjugate to other proteins was tested by expressing hemagglutinin epitope-tagged sentrin-2 in COS cells. Western blot analysis showed that sentrin-2 could be transferred to other proteins in a pattern similar to that of sentrin-1 conjugation and had similar C-terminal processing. We further showed that both sentrin-1 and sentrin-2 could covalently modify RanGAP1, a Ran GTPase-activating protein critically involved in nuclear transport. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that sentrin-2 derivatives were highly enriched in the nucleus. Taken together, our results demonstrate that sentrin-2 is another protein modifier for the sentrinization pathway.
Yes, we still need Universal Grammar

Abstract In a recent paper [Lidz, J., Gleitman, H., & Gleitman, L. (2003). Understanding how input matters: Verb learning and the footprint of universal grammar. Cognition , 87 , 151–178], we provided cross-linguistic evidence in favor of the following linked assertions: (i) Verb argument structure is a correlate of verb meaning; (ii) However, argument structure is not directly available to learners as a cue for reconstructing verb meaning, owing to the complexity of form-meaning mappings within and across languages; (iii) A major correlate of argument-structure, namely, noun phrase number, is statistically available on the surface in all languages, and serves as a quasi-universal derivative cue to the meanings of verbs; (iv) this cue is privileged , in the sense that it is used early and selectively by learners, despite within- and cross-language differences in its availability. Goldberg [Goldberg, A. (2004). But do we need Universal Grammar? Comment on Lidz, Gleitman and Gleitman 2003. Cognition ] suggests that this cue is not linguistic, that it is too sicklied o'er with exceptions and provisos to be useful to learners, and that conversational conspiracies can in any case serve as the alternative theoretical framework for a theory of predicate learning, and language acquisition more generally. In the present reply, we review and further explicate our original position, to wit: A large part of any generative grammar is a formal statement of the complex alignments between predicate-argument structures and the surface forms (linear strings of words) of sentences. Because the several rules for alignment interact, the surface outcomes reveal individual systematicities only abstractly. Therefore, learning would be impossible if infants could not analyze probabilistically available patterns to recover their principled linguistic sources. This statistics-based discovery procedure is in certain relevant regards specific to language learning. Finally, we argue that while pragmatics and theory of mind properties in learner and tutor necessarily frame language acquisition, that these have not been shown—and probably cannot be shown—to be sufficient to this computational problem.
Pheochromocytoma: pitfalls in the biochemical evaluation

The current work-up of a patient suspected to have a pheochromocytoma starts with the measurement of plasma or urine metanephrines. Notably, up to a quarter of these patients will have a false positive result. When the plasma or urine metanephrines are less than the 4-fold upper limit of normal, clinicians struggle between the fear of missing a potentially fatal condition and ordering costly follow up tests. In many cases, ordering unnecessary imaging studies may only increase the level of patient anxiety. This article will review various physiologic factors, pathologic conditions and medications that may influence the levels of catecholamines and their metabolites yielding false positive or false negative results. Acquiring familiarity with these conditions as well as interfering medications will equip clinicians with better interpretation skills of the biochemical tests.
Individual Differences in Disgust Sensitivity Do Not Influence Moral Reasoning, but a Discipline-Specific Ethics Course Does

The purpose of this research study was to determine undergraduate students’ perceptions of ethical dilemmas as a means of measuring general concern for leadership ethics within the marketplace. With the end goal of identifying best practices for ethics education in business and to further aid our understanding of how individual factors, such as disgust sensitivity, can alter students’ moral assessments, we measured the relationship between emotion and cognition in affecting ethical decision making. We found specific coursework in business ethics can produce a significant gain in moral reasoning. These results suggest that in the absence of strong moral intuitions, discipline-specific ethics coursework can lead to more postconventional moral decision making.
A Constitutively Active Version of the Ser/Thr Kinase Akt Induces Production of the ob Gene Product, Leptin, in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

The expression of the ob gene product leptin in adipose tissues has been previously described to be regulated by insulin in vivo and vitro. Akt, a ser/thr kinase with a pleckstrin homology domain, has recently been identified to function in the insulin receptor signaling cascade. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Akt in the production of leptin by adipocytes. Therefore, we examined leptin production by 3T3-L1 adipocytes stably expressing a myristoylated version of Akt which is constitutively active. Leptin levels in the supernatants of serum starved, nonstimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Expression of the constitutively active Akt was found to induce a more than 20-fold increase in leptin levels whereas a control non-myristoylated Akt had no effect. Leptin mRNA levels as determined by either RNase protection assay or reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were not elevated by the constitutively active Akt. These results indicate that Akt can induce leptin production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a non-transcriptional mechanism.
Processing and transistor characteristics of a 256 K SRAM fabricated on SIMOX

The authors describe the one-micron CMOS technology for a 256 K SRAM (static random-access memory) on SIMOX (separation by implanted oxygen) which produced fully functional devices in July of 1990. An outline of the process sequence, the characteristics of the world's first 256 K SRAM, and a statistical study of across-the-wafer and wafer-to-wafer parametric parameters taken from test die using this process are presented. The availability of a standardized production process and multiple wafer lots consisting of SIMOX material provides a special tool allowing for statistical observations of device processing and wafer preparation characteristics such as single and multiple wafer implants. >
Use of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the plcR Gene for Specific Identification of Bacillus anthracis

A TaqMan-minor groove binding assay designed around a nonsense mutation in the plcR gene was used to genotype Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis isolates. The assay differentiated B. anthracis from these genetic near-neighbors and determined that the nonsense mutation is ubiquitous across 89 globally and genetically diverse B. anthracis strains.
Uteroplacental insufficiency alters nephrogenesis and downregulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in a model of IUGR with adult-onset hypertension

Clinical and animal studies indicate that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) following uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) reduces nephron number and predisposes toward renal insufficiency early...
Solution properties of water‐soluble polymers. I. Control of aggregation of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) by choice of solvent and/or electrolyte

Previous investigations on the solution properties of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) have led to the conclusion that crystalline cellulose regions, remaining after processing act as binding or crosslinking sites for the establishment of a fraction comprised of swollen gels or aggregates in solution. The present paper deals with recent work which has led to a broader characterization of the degree of aggregation of CMC and its control in solution. Stages of disaggregation are defined for CMC when added to a solvent, ranging from a polymer particle unaffected by solvent through various degrees of swelling to a state of complete dispersion. Examples are given of these various disaggregation stages which were attained and controlled by varying the solvation power and/or ionic strength of the solvent. Degrees of disaggregation were characterized by broad variations in rheological behavior. Viscosity differences of several hundredfold as well as other physical changes in the solutions were found. The results are interpreted to mean that the numerous binding centers which cause CMC aggregation have a wide distribution of strengths. The addition of CMC to a good solvent causes the weaker binding forces to be destroyed and the stronger to remain intact, imparting rheological properties commensurate with the resulting degree of aggregation. The use of a poorer solvent or the addition of a simple electrolyte causes fewer binding centers to be destroyed, and a corresponding change in dispersion properties. Little, if any, re-formation of broken binding centers has been detected. Known and proposed forces involved in the dispersion of macromolecules into solvent are discussed and applied to observations from the present work.
Incidence Of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism In Patients With Hemophilia Undergoing Joint Replacement Surgery: A Retrospective Study

Background Hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA), in general, pose a high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), and pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis is often strongly recommended. In patients (pt) with hemophilia undergoing THA/TKA, given the underlying bleeding diathesis, the routine use of pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis is controversial. In this study, we report THA/TKA outcomes in pt with hemophilia in our institution. Methods Retrospective chart review of Mayo Comprehensive hemophilia center pt undergoing THA and TKA. Medical records were reviewed for objectively documented VTE for up to 3 months after surgery. Results 42 consecutive pt with hemophilia A (n=38) or B (n=4) underwent 71 operations: THA (n=32) and TKA (n=39) over a period of 39 years. All pt received compression stockings up to 6 weeks after surgery; 6/71 (8.4%) received sequential intermittent compression and 2/71 (2.8%) received postoperative low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Symptomatic femoral vein DVT occurred in 1/42 pt (2%); (1/71, 1.4% of operations (1.4%)), 10 days after THA for traumatic hip fracture and after the LMWH was discontinued. The patient was subsequently found to be heterozygous for the factor V Leiden gene mutation. For up to 3 months after surgery, there were no additional cases of symptomatic DVT. There was no unexpected bleeding in the 2 patients receiving LMWH. Conclusion In this this study, routine use of compression stockings without the use of pharmacologic prophylaxis resulted in a low rate of symptomatic VTE in patients with hemophilia. This may be similar to the incidence in the general population receiving LMWH (Heit, JA et al Annals of Internal Medicine 2000) A limited sample size precludes definitive recommendations for practice. For appropriate high risk patients, limited use of pharmacologic prophylaxis may still be important. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Unstable World of Benjamin Spock: Social Engineering in a Democratic Culture, 1917–1950

Between 1943 and 1945, Benjamin Spock dictated what would become The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care. Published in 1946, Baby and Child Care' expresses the accumulated wisdom and experience of an important segment of the generation that grew to adulthood between World War I and World War II. Spock could produce such a document, and articulate widely held values, because he was preeminently an eclectic, adept at picking up fragments of the cultural fabric from a variety of friends and acquaintances and from a broad-based career that involved private practice, consulting for childguidance clinics, and participation in interdisciplinary conferences. Spock's "circle"-that is, the personal and professional acquaintances from whom he took, or with whom he shared, a way of looking at the world-included anthropologist Margaret Mead, psychologists Erik Erikson and Kurt Lewin, child development administrator and theorist Lawrence K. Frank, and progressive educator Caroline Zachry. Many others, whose paths never crossed Spock's, applied compatible ideas in their own spheres of influence. They included industrial psychologist Elton Mayo and social-group-work theorists Mary Parker Follett and Grace Coyle. Baby and Child Care, therefore, must be read as an analysis of American civilization in the interwar years-an analysis that was shared by contemporaries in many fields. As such, it is a document in cultural disintegration. Spock had no small feeling of discomfort with the world in which he lived. He found economic institutions too competitive, social institutions insufficiently grounded in history and tradition. The Great Depression, the threat of totalitarianism, and the actual experience of war were basic ingredients in his world view. At the center of this unstable world was an
The Post-Modern Interpretation of History: A Phenomenological-Hermeneutical Critique

(1988). The Post-Modern Interpretation of History: A Phenomenological-Hermeneutical Critique. Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 112-127.
Interlocking Directorates as An Interorganizational Strategy: A Test of Critical Assumptions

The article presents a study which identified some critical assumptions underlying the view that interlocking directorates are vehicles for interorganizational coordination or control. A discussion...
A Nonparametric Test for the One-Sample Bivariate Location Problem

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTA nonparametric test is proposed for the bivariate one-sample location problem. The proposed test is robust in nature. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is computed as Chi-square. The power of the proposed test statistic is compared with Hotelling's T2 test statistic, Mardia's (1967) test statistic, Blumen's (1958) test statistic, and Wilcoxon's rank sum test statistic using Monte Carlo techniques. The proposed test statistic performs better than its competitors considered here under almost all the underlying distributions used for the power study. The application of the test is illustrated using a bivariate one sample data.
Bacterial meningitis and neurological complications in adults

Bacterial meningitis is a leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. The neurological complications secondary to bacterial meningitis contribute to the high mortality rate and to disability among the survivors. Cerebrovascular complications, including infarction and hemorrhage, are common. Inflammation and increased pressure in the subarachnoid space result in cranial neuropathy. Seizures occur in either the acute or delayed phase after the infection and require early detection and treatment. Spreading of infection to other intracranial structures, including the subdural space, brain parenchyma, and ventricles, increases morbidity and mortality in survivors. Infection can also spread to the spinal canal causing spinal cord abscess, epidural abscess, polyradiculitis, and spinal cord infarction secondary to vasculitis of the spinal artery. Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction is also an uncommon complication after bacterial meningitis. Damage to cerebral structures contributes to cognitive and neuropsychiatric problems. Being aware of these complications leads to early detection and treatment and improves mortality and outcomes in patients with bacterial meningitis.
The elastic properties of the lung in normal men and in patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema.

Abstract Using intraesophageal pressure as a measure of intrathoracic pressure, the retractive force of the lung was studied in normal subjects and in patients with pulmonary emphysema. Curves were constructed relating the change in retractive force of the lung to the change in lung distention. These curves were curvilinear, but were approximately linear in the region of the tidal volume. The change in retractive force of the lung for a 100 ml. change in lung volume in this portion of the curve was greater in the patients with pulmonary emphysema than in the normal men. In patients with pulmonary emphysema, the relationship of the retractive force of the lung to the degree of lung distention was greatly modified. This alteration in the elastic forces of the lung contributes to the increase in functional residual volume in this disease.
Facets of Indigo: Combining Traditional Dye Methods with State-of-the-Art Digital Print Technology, A Sustainable Design Case

“If indigo was invented today, we would never approve it.” Reflecting on this statement by Andrew Olah related to a 2014 Just Style publication on environmental textiles for apparel led our team of six apparel design scholars into a sustainable design challenge. Our study offers a collective model of sustainable design wherein faculty in a university fashion and apparel program combined efforts and talents to develop a solution for reducing the environmental impact of indigo (while retaining aesthetic richness) through the integration of traditional and digital design. A case study method is adopted as a specific, unique, and bounded system (Stake 2008) that frames the creative process so as to capture best practice within a collective design working model. Within this model we analyze historic dye processes and relevant literature, as well as emergent technologies to define criteria for the resulting design output. Qualitative data in the form of observations, as well as our personal reflections as designers and educators, are transcribed and analyzed.
Large retroperitoneal cysts in children and adolescents.

Retroperitoneal cysts may be divided into those of urogenital origin: pronephric, mesonephric, metanephric and mullerian; mesocolic; teratoma; lymphatic; parasitic, and traumatic blood cysts. Mullerian cysts are thought to originate from the specialized mesothelial cells of the genital ridge and present as fimbrial cysts or broad ligament wolffian cysts. Symptoms may be absent, or the result of pressure or displacement of an organ. Diagnosis is made by x-ray studies, sonographic evaluation and, frequently, at operation. We report a case of a 14-pound cyst arising from the right broad ligament and partially obstructing the right ureter that was removed surgically.
Local Electronic Structure in Superconductors Under a Magnetic Field

In this chapter, the calculation of local electronic structure in the presence of magnetic field is discussed. It starts with the continuum theory for a single vortex and proceeds to the lattice version for the vortex lattices in both conventional s-wave and unconventional d-wave superconductors. A generalization of the BdG formulation for a topological superconductor will be briefly explored. For high-T c cuprates, the local induction of competing order around a magnetic vortex core is examined. Finally, the Zeeman-field induced FFLO superconducting state is also analyzed in depth.
The integrated impacts of human activities and rising sea level on the saltwater intrusion in the east coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.

Saltwater intrusion is a major hazard to coastal communities as it causes degradation of fresh water resources. The impact of rising sea level on the saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers has been studied for decades, but how human activities affect the extent of saltwater intrusion is poorly understood. Human activities are known to influence groundwater availability indirectly by affecting precipitation patterns and directly by extracting groundwater and reducing recharge. In this paper the authors investigated the integrated impacts of human activities and rising sea level on aquifer recharge in Quintana Roo, Mexico, by incorporating anthropogenic impacts on groundwater recharge into an analytical saltwater intrusion model. The impact of human activities on groundwater extraction was firstly calculated; then, the resulting groundwater recharge was used in a Ghyben–Herzberg analytical model to determine the inland distance of saltwater intrusion. The analytical model tested six scenarios stemming from different combinations of human development patterns, hydrological settings, hydraulic conditions and rising sea level to obtain the range of possible inland movement of saltwater intrusion. Our results indicate that the groundwater recharge will decrease to 32.6 mm year−1 if human activities increase by 50 % more. With 1-m sea level rise, inland saltwater intrusion distance is estimated to be up to 150 and 1 km under head-controlled and flux-controlled scenarios, respectively. A sensitivity analysis of the model reveals that the large hydraulic conductivity of the Quintana Roo aquifer (0.26–68.8 m s−1) is the most important factor in determining saltwater intrusion distance. Therefore, in this aquifer, the response to human activities is greatly exceeded by natural hydrogeological conditions.
Effects of Package Temperature and Days of Storage on the Flavor Score of Processed Milk 1

Shelf-life studies were made on commercially pasteurized milk packaged in fiberboard and blow-mold plastic containers, using two temperatures of storage {4.5 and 7 C) and 0, 7 and 14 days of storage. Quality parameters evaluated were flavor, Standard Plate Count, coliform count, oxidase-positive bacteria count and acid degree value. The data suggest a shelf-life (flavor score ⩾ 36.0) of 2-3 days at 7 C and 7 days at 4.5 C. No significant (P > .01) differences, in the parameters measured, were noted between milk packaged in fiberboard and plastic jugs which were not exposed to fluorescent light. A second phase of this study examined the shelf-life of commercially pasteurized milk packaged in fiberboard containers only. The milks were tested at 0,3,5,7,9,11 and 13 days of storage, using the same parameters noted above. The results suggested a satisfactory shelf-life of 11 and 9 days, respectively, for storage temperatures of 4.5 and 7.0 C.
Molecular basis for the autonomous promotion of cell proliferation by angiogenin.

Abstract Canonical growth factors act indirectly via receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways. Here, we report on an autonomous pathway in which a growth factor is internalized, has its localization regulated by phosphorylation, and ultimately uses intrinsic catalytic activity to effect epigenetic change. Angiogenin (ANG), a secreted vertebrate ribonuclease, is known to promote cell proliferation, leading to neovascularization as well as neuroprotection in mammals. Upon entering cells, ANG encounters the cytosolic ribonuclease inhibitor protein, which binds with femtomolar affinity. We find that protein kinase C and cyclin-dependent kinase phosphorylate ANG, enabling ANG to evade its inhibitor and enter the nucleus. After migrating to the nucleolus, ANG cleaves promoter-associated RNA, which prevents the recruitment of the nucleolar remodeling complex to the ribosomal DNA promoter. The ensuing derepression of rDNA transcription promotes cell proliferation. The biochemical basis for this unprecedented mechanism of signal transduction suggests new modalities for the treatment of cancers and neurological disorders.
Robot-Assisted Simple Prostatectomy: Expanding on an Established Operative Approach

The leading cause of voiding dysfunction in older men is benign prostatic obstruction. In the setting of a grossly enlarged prostate (>80cm3), an open simple prostatectomy has been the gold standard for surgical treatment. Here, we will discuss the minimally invasive robot-assisted approach and compare it to the classic open approach and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. Literature on robot-assisted simple prostatectomy, in concurrence with our institutional experience, has shown an overall lower morbidity, shorter hospital stay, and decreased indwelling catheter time, with equivalent functional outcomes compared to open simple prostatectomy. Similar operative times and hospital stays were found compared to holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, although a steep learning curve and cost of new equipment hinder the wide spread use of this transurethral approach. On review of current literature in addition to our institutional experience, we favor robot-assisted simple prostatectomy over open simple, based on associated increased morbidity/catheter time/hospital stay, and holium laser enucleation of the prostate, based on steep learning curve and cost of new equipment.
Surgery Versus Optimal Medical Management for N1 Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background Adjuvant chemotherapy has been demonstrated to improve the outcomes of patients with N1 non-small cell lung cancer. It is unknown whether patients previously thought to have unresectable small cell lung cancer (SCLC) may have tumors amenable to surgery if adjuvant therapies can be given. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether surgery, in the setting of modern adjuvant therapies, can be beneficial for patients with N1-positive SCLC. Methods Patients with clinical T1–3 N1 M0 SCLC who underwent concurrent chemoradiation versus surgery and adjuvant therapy in the National Cancer Data Base from 2003 to 2011 were examined. Overall survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analysis and propensity score-matched analysis. Results Of 1,041 patients with cT1–3 N1 M0 SCLC who met inclusion criteria, 96 patients (9%) underwent surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation and 945 (91%) underwent concurrent chemoradiation alone. Multivariable Cox modeling demonstrated that surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation (hazard ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval: 0.56 to 0.97) was associated with improved survival compared with concurrent chemoradiation. After propensity matching, surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation was associated with improved 5-year survival compared with concurrent chemoradiation (31.4% versus 26.3%). Conclusions In an analysis of a national population-based cancer database, surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation for cT1–3 N1 SCLC had improved outcomes compared with concurrent chemoradiation. These results support the re-evaluation of the role of surgery in multimodality therapy for N1 SCLC in a clinical trial setting.
Management of intracranial melanomas in the era of precision medicine

// Grace J. Young 1, * , Wenya Linda Bi 1, 2, * , Winona W. Wu 1 , Tanner M. Johanns 3, 4 , Gavin P. Dunn 4, 5 and Ian F. Dunn 1 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 2 Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 3 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA 4 Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA 5 Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Ian F. Dunn, email: idunn@partners.org Gavin P. Dunn, email: gpdunn@wustl.edu Keywords: intracranial melanoma, BRAF inhibition, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, anti-PD1 Received: October 04, 2016 Accepted: April 24, 2017 Published: July 13, 2017 ABSTRACT Melanoma is the most lethal of skin cancers, in part because of its proclivity for rapid and distant metastasis. It is also potentially the most neurotropic cancer in terms of probability of CNS metastasis from the primary lesion. Despite surgical resection and radiotherapy, prognosis remains guarded for patients with brain metastases. Over the past five years, a new domain of personalized therapy has emerged for advanced melanoma patients with the introduction of BRAF and other MAP kinase pathway inhibitors, immunotherapy, and combinatory therapeutic strategies. By targeting critical cellular signaling pathways and unleashing the adaptive immune response against tumor antigens, a subset of melanoma patients have demonstrated remarkable responses to these treatments. Over time, acquired resistance to these modalities inexorably develops, providing new challenges to overcome. We review the rapidly evolving terrain for intracranial melanoma treatment, address likely and potential mechanisms of resistance, as well as evaluate promising future therapeutic approaches currently under clinical investigation.
IDE-Based Learning Analytics for Computing Education: A Process Model, Critical Review, and Research Agenda

In recent years, learning process data have become increasingly easy to collect through computer-based learning environments. This has led to increased interest in the field of learning analytics, which is concerned with leveraging learning process data in order to better understand, and ultimately to improve, teaching and learning. In computing education, the logical place to collect learning process data is through integrated development environments (IDEs), where computing students typically spend large amounts of time working on programming assignments. While the primary purpose of IDEs is to support computer programming, they might also be used as a mechanism for delivering learning interventions designed to enhance student learning. The possibility of using IDEs both to collect learning process data, and to strategically intervene in the learning process, suggests an exciting design space for computing education research: that of IDE-based learning analytics. In order to facilitate the systematic exploration of this design space, we present an IDE-based data analytics process model with four primary activities: (1) Collect data, (2) Analyze data, (3) Design intervention, and (4) Deliver intervention. For each activity, we identify key design dimensions and review relevant computing education literature. To provide guidance on designing effective interventions, we describe four relevant learning theories, and consider their implications for design. Based on our review, we present a call-to-action for future research into IDE-based learning analytics.
Communication with Orthopedic Trauma Patients via an Automated Mobile Phone Messaging Robot

Abstract Background: Communication with orthopedic trauma patients is traditionally problematic with low response rates (RRs). The purpose of this investigation was to (1) evaluate the feasibility of communicating with orthopedic trauma patients postoperatively, utilizing an automated mobile phone messaging platform; and (2) assess the first 2 weeks of postoperative patient-reported pain and opioid use after lower extremity orthopedic trauma procedures. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective investigation at a Level 1 trauma center in the United States. Adult patients who were capable of mobile phone messaging and were undergoing common, lower extremity orthopedic trauma procedures were enrolled in the study. Patients received a daily mobile phone message protocol inquiring about their current pain level and amount of opioid medication they had taken in the past 24 h starting on postoperative day (POD) 3 and continuing through POD 17. Our analysis considered (1) Patient completion rate of mobile ph...
A parallelized three-dimensional cellular automaton model for grain growth during additive manufacturing

In this paper, a parallelized 3D cellular automaton computational model is developed to predict grain morphology for solidification of metal during the additive manufacturing process. Solidification phenomena are characterized by highly localized events, such as the nucleation and growth of multiple grains. As a result, parallelization requires careful treatment of load balancing between processors as well as interprocess communication in order to maintain a high parallel efficiency. We give a detailed summary of the formulation of the model, as well as a description of the communication strategies implemented to ensure parallel efficiency. Scaling tests on a representative problem with about half a billion cells demonstrate parallel efficiency of more than 80% on 8 processors and around 50% on 64; loss of efficiency is attributable to load imbalance due to near-surface grain nucleation in this test problem. The model is further demonstrated through an additive manufacturing simulation with resulting grain structures showing reasonable agreement with those observed in experiments.
Abstract P020: Atrial Fibrillation and White Matter Microstructural Integrity: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study

Background: Evidence suggests atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia, even in the absence of stroke. Pathways such as AF-induced brain hypoperf...
Quantitative investigation of polysulfide adsorption capability of candidate materials for Li-S batteries

Abstract Lithium-sulfur batteries have a high theoretical energy density of 2500 Wh/kg and are promising candidates for meeting future energy storage demands. However, dissolution of the intermediate polysulfide species into the electrolyte remains as a major challenge, causing fast capacity degradation in Li-S batteries. Many recent studies have reported various materials such as metal oxides and sulfides that interact strongly with polysulfide species and can alleviate the dissolution problem, though little work has focused on quantitative comparison of different materials under equivalent conditions. Here, we establish a standard procedure to quantitatively compare the polysulfide adsorption capability of candidate materials. We found that an order of magnitude of difference is evident between poor adsorption materials such as carbon black and strong adsorption materials such as V2O5 and MnO2. We elucidate different adsorption mechanisms may be present and probe possible adsorption species. We expect our work will provide a useful strategy to screen for suitable candidate materials and valuable information for rational design of long cycle life Li-S batteries.
HIGH-ELECTRIC FIELD TRANSPORT OF ELECTRONS IN SiO//2.

ABSTRACT The transport of electrons at high electric fields in SiO2 has been calculated using an iterative solution of the path-variable form of the Boltzmann equation. Scattering due to the polar-optical modes and acoustic modes of the lattice were included. It is found that both the 0.153eV and 0.063eV polar optical modes are important for scattering of electrons. The “saturated” velocity is near 1.9xl07cm/sec. The calculated velocity-field curves are in excellent agreement with experiment, yielding a best estimate of the polaron corrected conductivity mass of 1.3m. Time resolved polar runaway is observed with an absolute threshold field near 1 × 107V/cm, with the runaway field increasing for short times, such as may be appropriate for transport through thin oxides. Impact ionization is found to occur at fields near lxl07V/cm for realistic mass ratios.
A Monoclonal Antibody Approach to CCN5 Domain Analysis

The six members of the CCN family of proteins participate in many cell processes, including adhesion, proliferation, motility, cell-matrix signaling, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Recent evidence suggests that several CCN proteins exist as truncated or alternatively spliced isoforms that participate in many of the diverse functions ascribed to this family of proteins. This is supported by considerable evidence indicating that individual peptide domains within the CCN proteins can mimic some of the functions of the complete protein. The CCN family of proteins typically consist of four distinct peptide domains: an insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) domain, a Von Willebrand Factor C (VWC) domain, a thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSP1) domain, and a carboxy-terminal (CT) domain. CCN5 is unique among the CCN family members because it lacks the CT-domain. To dissect the functions of individual domains of CCN5, we are developing domain-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies have the advantages of great specificity, reproducibility, and ease of long-term storage and production. In this communication, we injected mixtures of GST-fused rat CCN5 domains into mice to generate monoclonal antibodies. To identify the domains recognized by the antibodies, we constructed serial expression plasmids that express dual-labeled rat CCN5 domains. All of the monoclonal antibodies generated to date recognize the VWC domain, indicating it is the most highly immunogenic of the CCN5 domains. We characterized one particular clone, 22H10, and found that recognizes mouse and rat CCN5, but not human recombinant CCN5. Purified 22H10 was successfully applied in Western Blot analysis, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and immunocytochemistry, indicating that it will be a useful tool for domain analysis and studies of mouse-human tumor models.
Boyhood Gender Aberrations: Treatment Issues:

Although it is not yet clear what boyhood behaviors indicate an adult homosexual outcome, femininity is one reliable marker. The earlier and greater the femininity, the more likely will it be resistant to treatment, in childhood or adult life. Once an evaluation has revealed the femininity is intense, treatment should quickly begin and, when possible, include both mother and father. If the boy is to become more masculine, his mother will have to allow--encourage--him finally to separate from her, and his father will have to start serving as an adequate model for masculinity.
SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE OF CYCLIC GMP BY NERVE ENDINGS IN THE RAT PINEAL GLAND AND NEUROHYPOPHYSIS

Agents which cause exocytotic release of catecholamine from intact rat pineal glands, such as high concentrations of potassium, electrical field stimulation, and veratridine, also promote the synthesis of cyclic GMP and its efflux into the medium. These effects are dependent on the presence of intact nerve endings and of extracellular calcium. Potassium and veratridine also promoted the synthesis and efflux of cyclic GMP from the neurohypophysis. Both exocytosis from nerve endings and the synthesis of cyclic GMP may be triggered by the influx of calcium.
Familia y Educación: A Quantitative Assessment of the Impact of Parental Configuration on Educational Attainment for a National Sample of Latinx Students.

ABSTRACTThe Latinx community is the fastest growing demographic in the United States and faces high rates of xenophobia and racism because of myths surrounding immigration and criminality. Therefor...
Chimeric Antigen Receptors Based on Low Affinity Mutants of FcεRI Re-direct T Cell Specificity to Cells Expressing Membrane IgE.

IgE is the key mediator of allergic responses. Omalizumab, an IgE-specific monoclonal antibody that depletes IgE, is effective for treating severe allergic asthma. The need for frequent administration of the expensive drug, however, limits its applications. Taking advantage of T cell memory, adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) targeting IgE-producing cells has the potential to achieve long-term suppression of IgE and relief of symptoms for severe allergic diseases. The transmembrane form of IgE (mIgE), which is present on all IgE-producing cells, serves as an excellent molecular target for ACT that employs chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Here, we designed and tested CARs that use the extracellular domain of high affinity IgE receptor, FceRIα, for mIgE recognition. When expressed on Jurkat T cells, FceRIα-based CARs mediated robust responses in terms of CD69 upregulation to U266 myeloma cells expressing low levels of mIgE. FceRIα-based CARs specifically recognized cells expressing mIgE, but not cells with secreted IgE captured through Fce receptors. CAR+ Jurkat cells did not respond to LAD2 mast cells with secreted IgE bound through FceRI or Ramos cells with secreted IgE bound through FceRII. Co-culture of CAR+ Jurkat cells and LAD2 mast cells with IgE bound did not trigger LAD2 cell degranulation. The activity of CAR using wild type FceRIα for mIgE binding was inhibited by the presence secreted IgE, which likely blocked CAR-mIgE interaction. The activities of CARs using low affinity mutants of FceRIα, however, tolerated secreted IgE at relatively high concentrations. Moreover, primary human CD8+ T cells expressing a low affinity mutant CAR responded to U266 cells with INFγ production and cytotoxicity despite the presence of secreted IgE. The potency, specificity, and robustness of our CAR design, combined with repaid advances in the safety of ACT, hold promise for novel and highly effective cell-based therapies against severe allergic diseases.
THE USE OF SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY TO EVALUATE CARDIAC FUNCTION IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH FONTAN PHYSIOLOGY

Abnormal atrial and ventricular strain have been associated with increased hospitalizations, arrhythmias, and morbidity in heart failure, atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease. We evaluated atrial and ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) as a marker of cardiac dysfunction in adult
Directional Comparison Bus Protection Using Partial Operating Current Characteristics

Various bus directional protection methods including widely used superimposed directional element method need to have both voltages and currents from all feeders connected to the zone of protection to find the direction of current for detecting a bus fault or a line fault. This paper presents a new technique for bus directional protection to detect a bus fault. The new technique, which is implementing superimposed directional element method to modify partial operating current characteristics (POC) method, does not use voltages from feeders, hence capacitor voltage transformers (CVTs) are no longer needed in the zone of protection. POC method needs to exclude load terminal current to detect fault during high impedance fault but the proposed technique does not need to exclude such currents. The proposed technique was implemented and tested using different fault cases including CT saturation and high impedance faults. The results show that the proposed technique is successful to detect bus faults with high accuracy and high speed.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Exon-Skipping Trials

This chapter demonstrates an alternative mode of molecular therapy with the goal of restoring the DMD gene to achieve clinical improvement using antisense oligonucleotides (AONs). Preclinical studies were successful in mdx mice showing persistent production of dystrophin at significant levels in large numbers of muscle fibers. These experimental studies led to the clinical introduction of a 2′-O-methyl-phosphorothioate oligonucleotide (2’OMePS) and a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotide (PMO) to induce skipping of one or more exons, restoring the reading frame and allowing for the production of a BMD-like dystrophin. This chapter reviews the clinical trial experience, the side effect profiles, and the basis for FDA approval of the PMO product, introduced as eteplirsen. Following approval the product is identified as Exondys 51®. The results of the long-term, 36-month clinical trial are described. The findings included a change in the rate of decline and prolonged ambulation in DMD boys compared to natural history controls. Exondys 51™ represents the first drug other than deflazacort (Emflaza®) ever approved for DMD.
Death in Literature

This chapter constructs a framework for understanding depictions of death in literature and illustrates this framework with critical commentary on three short stories. The framework makes use of ideas from evolutionary psychology, human life history theory, terror management theory, the psychology of meaning, the psychology of fiction, and evolutionary literary theory. This chapter explains why humans create literary depictions of death, describes how imaginative meaning works in literature, characterizes the emotions evoked in literary depictions of death, and characterizes the attitudes toward death adopted by authors and characters. After constructing this theoretical framework, the chapter gives examples of literature that describe the whole span of an individual human life, then uses three short stories that focus on specific themes in human life history. Jack London’s “To Build a Fire” illustrates survival as a motive. Hans Christian Andersen’s “The Little Match Girl” illustrates death in childhood. D.H. Lawrence’s “Odour of Chrysanthemums” illustrates death in an intimate pair bond. A final section summarizes the state of research in the main fields that have contributed to the theoretical framework and suggests directions for further development.
Cementeren van zirconia

The Journal of Dental Research publiceerde in april 2014 een meta-analyse over het cementeren van indirecte restauraties vervaardigd van zirconia. Omdat de impactfactor van dit tijdschrift met 3.8 hoog is, verschaft deze meta-analyse nieuwe inzichten voor de praktijk. De auteurs, verbonden aan de universiteiten van Leuven en Tokio, openen met een duidelijk statement: “Zirconia mag niet langer beschouwd worden als ‘unbondable’.” Is het gegeven dat zirconia wel aan tandweefsel hecht aanleiding om de indicatiestelling voor zirconia te veranderen?
Human immunodeficiency virus and the substance abuser: public policy considerations.

Until recently, the abuse of intravenous drugs was perceived as a problem of the United States, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic was seen mainly as a sexually transmitted disease that tended to affect homosexuals from industrialized nations. However, these perceptions are no longer valid. At present, the abuse of intravenous drugs constitutes the second most common cause of AIDS in the United States and in Europe. This trend has led to a review of the current strategies in the fight against infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We analyzed the current epidemiologic trends regarding infection with HIV; we examined the behavioral manifestations of intravenous drug users, particularly from a sexual point of view; and finally, we reviewed the most relevant governmental public policy positions related to drug abuse, specially that focusing on "damage control."