cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the gene for a 30-kilodalton adhesion-related protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

A previously identified trypsin-resistant surface protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae clusters at the tip organelle of virulent mycoplasmas and appears to be essential for cytadherence and virulence. Monoclonal antibodies generated against this protein were used to identify positive recombinant clones from M. pneumoniae genomic DNA libraries. The structural gene was sequenced and contained an open reading frame of 825 nucleotides that encoded a protein of 275 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 29,743 Da. This protein (P30) contained three types of repeat sequences at the carboxy end, each consisting of six amino acids. In addition, the protein was proline rich (20.7%) and exhibited significant amino acid homology with the P1 cytadhesin of M. pneumoniae and with several matrix-associated eucaryotic proteins. Images
Dual‐Wavelength Spectrophotometry

At present, dual-wavelength spectrophotometry is probably the least well known of the techniques of absorption spectrophotometry. However, recent improvements in application techniques have shown that for various organic and inorganic materials dual-wavelength spectrophotometry can provide higher sensitivity and selectivity than conventional spectrophotometry. This article reviews the principles and scope of dual-wavelength spectrophotometry, including derivative absorption spectrophotometry, in the hope that these techniques may be adopted more frequently in the future for resolving many analytical problems.
A one bit neural A/D converter

A well-known class of one-bit A/D converters are delta modulators. There are two main classes of delta modulators; linear and adaptive. In this paper an adaptive delta modulator, where adaptation is achieved with a neural network, is described. The network is of the perceptron type and consists of five inputs, one hidden layer and an output. We have simulated signal-to-noise ratio for three different types of delta modulators, and results have shown the newly proposed delta modulator has better signal to noise ratio over given dynamic range.
Dynamic virtual logical processes

The implementation of a cloning mechanism that allows for the evaluation of multiple simulated futures is presented and its performance is analyzed. A running parallel discrete event simulation is dynamically cloned at decision points to explore different execution paths concurrently. In this way, what-if and alternative scenario analysis in gaming, tactical and strategic applications can be evaluated interactively or non-interactively. Performance results show that virtual logical processes, a new mechanism developed to avoid repeating common computations among clones improves efficiency.
Spatio-temporal sampling rates and energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks

A multihop network of wireless sensors can be used to gather spatio-temporal samples of a physical phenomenon and transmit these samples to a processing center. This paper addresses an important issue in the design of such networks: determining the spatio-temporal sampling rate of the network under conditions of minimum energy usage. Prior results on the design of energy-minimizing clustering algorithms and a new collision-free protocol for gathering sensor data are used to obtain analytical results that characterize the tradeoffs among sensor density, energy usage, temporal sampling rates and spatial sampling rates in wireless sensor networks. We also show that the lower bound on delay incurred in gathering data is O(k2n) in a clustered network of n sensors with at most k hops between any sensor and its CH
Construction costs, payback times, and the leaf economics of carnivorous plants

Understanding how different plant species and functional types "invest" carbon and nutrients is a major goal of plant ecologists. Two measures of such investments are "construction costs" (carbon needed to produce each gram of tissue) and associated "payback times" for photosynthesis to recover construction costs. These measurements integrate among traits used to assess leaf-trait scaling relationships. Carnivorous plants are model systems for examining mechanisms of leaf-trait coordination, but no studies have measured simultaneously construction costs of carnivorous traps and their photosynthetic rates to determine payback times of traps. We measured mass-based construction costs (CC(mass)) and photosynthesis (A(mass)) for traps, leaves, roots, and rhizomes of 15 carnivorous plant species grown under greenhouse conditions. There were highly significant differences among species in CC(mass) for each structure. Mean CC(mass) of carnivorous traps (1.14 ± 0.24 g glucose/g dry mass) was significantly lower than CC(mass) of leaves of 267 noncarnivorous plant species (1.47 ± 0.17), but all carnivorous plants examined had very low A(mass) and thus, long payback times (495-1551 h). Our results provide the first clear estimates of the marginal benefits of botanical carnivory and place carnivorous plants at the "slow and tough" end of the universal spectrum of leaf traits.
Therapeutic Options for the Management of Postprandial Glucose in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Basal Insulin

In Brief For patients with type 2 diabetes who require add-on therapy to metformin plus basal insulin, GLP-1 receptor agonists may be a favorable option because they effectively manage postprandial glucose, reduce body weight, and have an overall favorable safety profile compared to other agents. Given the wide range of treatment combinations available for type 2 diabetes management, health professionals must partner with patients to determine the best choices based on patients’ individual lifestyle, resources, and treatment goals.
Identifying Non-Laying Chicken Hens

Abstract Certain easily perceived criteria help identify the laying hen—large, bright-red combs and wattles, for example. Also, the pubic bones are spread wide and are flexible; the vent is relatively large. However, some hens show all these traits, yet never lay an egg (Cole and Hutt, 1953). These hens often ovulate into the abdominal cavity where the yolks are resorbed. They also show bleaching of the pigment from the body that is typical of a laying hen, as illustrated by Urban and Goodwin (1953). The need for a more accurate method of identifying the non-layer is obvious. For positive identification a trap-nest or individual cage is required. But even the trap-nest may be inaccurate to the extent that floor-laying exists. In some cases non-layers have abnormal oviducts that can be detected by examination of the exposed oviduct orifices. The oviduct is exposed in the same manner as is used in …
Principlism and moral dilemmas: a new principle

Moral conflicts occur in theories that involve more than one principle. I examine basic ways of dealing with moral dilemmas in medical ethics and in ethics generally, and propose a different approach based on a principle I call the "mutuality principle". It is offered as an addition to Tom Beauchamp and James Childress' principlism. The principle calls for the mutual enhancement of basic moral values. After explaining the principle and its strengths, I test it by way of an examination of three responses—in the recent Festschrift for Dr Raanon Gillon—to a case involving parental refusal of a blood transfusion. The strongest response is the one that comes closest to the requirements of the mutuality principle but yet falls short. I argue that the mutuality principle provides an explicit future orientation in principlism and gives it greater moral coherence.
Pancreatic β Cell Identity Is Maintained by DNA Methylation-Mediated Repression of Arx

Adult pancreatic β cells can replicate during growth and after injury to maintain glucose homeostasis. Here, we report that β cells deficient in Dnmt1, an enzyme that propagates DNA methylation patterns during cell division, were converted to α cells. We identified the lineage determination gene aristaless-related homeobox (Arx), as methylated and repressed in β cells, and hypomethylated and expressed in α cells and Dnmt1-deficient β cells. We show that the methylated region of the Arx locus in β cells was bound by methyl-binding protein MeCP2, which recruited PRMT6, an enzyme that methylates histone H3R2 resulting in repression of Arx. This suggests that propagation of DNA methylation during cell division also ensures recruitment of enzymatic machinery capable of modifying and transmitting histone marks. Our results reveal that propagation of DNA methylation during cell division is essential for repression of α cell lineage determination genes to maintain pancreatic β cell identity.
The Fuming Image: Cartoons and Public Opinion in Late Republican China, 1945 to 1949

When Cantonese cartoonist Liao Bingxiong (1915–) mounted his show, The Cat Kingdom (Maoguo chunqiu), at the Sino-Sovfet Cultural Association (Zhong-Su wenhua xiehui) in Chongqing—China's wartime capital—in March 1946, he was prompted by more than an artistic urge: He intended to issue a strong criticism of the Guomindang (Nationalist) government for its inability to deal with the country's rapidly deteriorating situation. The show was an overwhelming success, “creating a sensation in this hilly city,” in the words of one contemporary artist. The show was greeted with equal enthusiasm when it was put on later in other cities, such as Chengdu and Kunming. Such a favorable reception reflected both the artistry of Liao's works and, more important, the relevance of cartoons as a powerful tool for airing opinion.
Indium Tin Oxide Films Formation by Laser Ablation

The electrical and optical properties of room temperature laser deposited indium tin oxide films were studied. It was found that the resistivity of the film was quite sensitive to the deposition conditions. At the optimized conditions, films with a bulk resistivity value of 2.8×10−4 Ω-cm and optical transmission of greater than 90% could be obtained. By using an in situ resistance measurement, it was shown that the initial growth mode was via island formation. Additionally, a classic transition from two- to three-dimensional behavior for the resistance was observed.
A Study of Smoothing Methods for Language Models Applied to Ad Hoc Information Retrieval

Language modeling approaches to information retrieval are attractive and promising because they connect the problem of retrieval with that of language model estimation, which has been studied extensively in other application areas such as speech recognition. The basic idea of these approaches is to estimate a language model for each document, and then rank documents by the likelihood of the query according to the estimated language model. A core problem in language model estimation is smoothing, which adjusts the maximum likelihood estimator so as to correct the inaccuracy due to data sparseness. In this paper, we study the problem of language model smoothing and its influence on retrieval performance. We examine the sensitivity of retrieval performance to the smoothing parameters and compare several popular smoothing methods on different test collections.
Neurological diseases of rottweilers: Neuroaxonal dystrophy and leukoenceph- alomalacia

Neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) and leukoencephalomalacia (LEM) are two neurological disorders of the rottweiler that initially present as ataxia of all four limbs. Disorders to be included in the differential diagnosis are caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy, canine distemper virus meningoencephalomyelitis, other nervous system infections or inflammations and spinal cord neoplasia. All diagnostic tests including myelography, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, electrodiagnos-tic testing and serum and cerebrospinal fluid titres for canine distemper virus are normal in NAD and LEM. There is no treatment for either disease and neurological signs progressively deteriorate. Eventually neurological deficits develop besides ataxia and these help differentiate NAD from LEM. Dogs with NAD develop head tremors and nystagmus while dogs with LEM develop conscious proprioceptive deficits and quadriparesis; the short term prognosis for NAD is better than LEM. Most dogs with LEM are euthanased because of non-ambulatory tetraparesis within one year. The histopathological lesions associated with NAD include axonal spheroids in many spinal cord and caudal brainstem nuclei and reduced numbers of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, while in LEM, multifocal areas of demyelination and malacia of the spinal cord and brainstem are the primary histopathological lesions. Both NAD and LEM are suspected to have an autosomal recessive genetic transmission.
Allies and Friends: The Trade Policy Review of the United States, 2006

The 2006 WTO Trade Policy Review of the United States reveals that national security concerns have become a dominant influence on US trade policy since 2001. This paper argues that direct and indirect effects of this influence have been deleterious to the multilateral trading system. Security concerns have led to an embrace of bilateralism that bears little relation to US commercial interests and will arguably detract from ongoing efforts at multilateral trade liberalisation. Security concerns have also led to a substantial change in customs and inspection procedures for goods bound for the US, which could swamp tariffs in terms of their trade-inhibiting effect. Finally, the unpopularity at home of US military actions abroad has weakened the US President and opened the door for rising protectionism in Congress.
Large-magnitude, late Holocene earthquakes on the Genoa fault, west-central Nevada and eastern California

The Genoa fault, a principal normal fault of the transition zone between the Basin and Range Province and the northern Sierra Nevada, displays a large and conspicuous prehistoric scarp. Three trenches excavated across this scarp exposed two large-displacement, late Holocene events. Two of the trenches contained multiple layers of stratified charcoal, yielding radiocarbon ages suggesting the most recent and penultimate events on the main part of the fault occurred 500-600 cal B.P., and 2000-2200 cal B.P., respectively. Normal-slip offsets of 3-5.5 m per event along much of the rupture length are comparable to the largest historical Basin and Range Province earthquakes, suggesting these paleoearthquakes were on the order of magnitude 7.2-7.5. The apparent late Holocene slip rate (2-3 mm/yr) is one of the highest in the Basin and Range Province. Based on structural and behavioral differences, the Genoa fault is here divided into four principal sections (the Sierra, Diamond Valley, Carson Valley, and Jacks Valley sections) and is distinguished from three northeast-striking faults in the Carson City area (the Kings Canyon, Carson City, and Indian Hill faults). The conspicuous scarp extends for nearly 25 km, the combined length of the Carson Valley and Jacks Valley sections. The Diamond Valley section lacks the conspicuous scarp, and older alluvial fans and bedrock outcrops on the downthrown side of the fault indicate a lower activity rate. Activity further decreases to the south along the Sierra section, which consists of numerous distributed faults. All three northeast-striking faults in the Carson City area ruptured within the past few thousand years, and one or more may have ruptured during recent events on the Genoa fault.
Using Self‐Efficacy Theory to Educate Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The predominant debilitating symptom in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is shortness of breath. Self-efficacy theory has been used in a case study approach to begin examining the expectations of a patient with COPD who attended a pulmonary education program. Mr. M. was selected for the case study because his condition typifies many of the problems encountered by patients with COPD. Mr. M.'s self-confidence in managing his breathing difficulty was measured by using the COPD Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) before an educational program began and again 1 month and 6 months after the program. The CSES measures patients' confidence in their ability to manage or avoid breathing difficulty in a variety of situations. Mr. M.'s scores on the CSES improved in most areas. Incorporating programs to increase patients' self-efficacy may have implications for rehabilitation nurses who help patients with COPD manage their breathing difficulty.
Laboratory Strains of Bacillus subtilis Do Not Exhibit Swarming Motility

We redemonstrate that SwrA is essential for swarming motility in Bacillus subtilis, and we reassert that laboratory strains of B. subtilis do not swarm. Additionally, we find that a number of other genes, previously reported to be required for swarming in laboratory strains, are dispensable for robust swarming motility in an undomesticated strain. We attribute discrepancies in the literature to a lack of reproducible standard experimental conditions, selection for spontaneous swarming suppressors, inadvertent genetic linkage to swarming mutations, and auxotrophy.
High Contrast and Fast Response Polarization- Independent Reflective Display Using a Dye-Doped Dual-Frequency Liquid Crystal Gel

We have developed a new guest-host reflective display using a dye-doped dualfrequency liquid crystal (DFLC) gel. By combining dye absorption and maximal light scattering, the display is polarization independent and exhibits a high contrast (� 230:1). The high reflectivity (R � 50%) is because of the vertical aligned structure at 0 Vrms. The fast response time (� 5ms) is also fast due to the frequency modulation. A black and white segmented-alphabet reflective display prototype is also demonstrated.
A Look Back: David vs. Goliath at UC Irvine

he struggle against discrimination and harassment in the academy is one that pits David against Goliath. I t is often a series of battles in a “guerrilla war,” with moving targets and counterinsurgency operations against dissident employees. The prospects of success increase with better organization. At the University of California, academic employees have organized and have for a number of years waged prolonged battle against the UC administration.
Simulation of Impact of Strategy Development Frameworks on Performance of Transportation Infrastructure

Decision-making processes for investment in transportation infrastructure and, ultimately, the investment decisions themselves are central to the performance of transportation systems. Perhaps equally important for performance is the governance framework within which decisions are made. However, because of the complexity of the relationships between frameworks and performance, the evaluation of frameworks is challenging. This paper decomposes some elements of governance of transportation infrastructure into strategy development frameworks and through an agent-based simulation model provides a deeper understanding of the relationships between strategy development frameworks and system performance. A strategy development framework for transportation can be characterized by the infrastructure ownership structures, cross-modal and cross-sectoral linkages, revenue sources, decision-making processes for resource allocation, and the geographic scales of the organizations responsible for making infrastructure inv...
Structure of the Lake County uplift: New Madrid seismic zone

Abstract The central segment of the New Madrid seismic zone lies within a left step-over zone between two northeast-striking, right-lateral, strike-slip fault systems. Within this compressional step-over zone is the topographically and structurally high Lake County uplift, which includes the Tiptonville dome and Ridgely ridge. We believe these structures are a consequence of deformation in the hanging wall above the northwest-striking, southwest-dipping Reelfoot reverse fault. Reelfoot fault dips 73° from the surface to the top of the Precambrian at a depth of approximately 4 km. From 4 to 12 km depth, the fault dips 32° and is seismically active. Based on a fault-bend fold model, we believe that the Reelfoot fault becomes horizontal and aseismic at the top of the quartz brittle-ductile transition zone, at approximately 12 km depth. Our data indicate that the western margin of the Tiptonville dome-Ridgely ridge and the western margin of the Lake County uplift are bounded by east-dipping kink bands (backthrusts). Recent work suggests that the Reelfoot fault is responsible for the 7 February 1812, M 8 New Madrid earthquake. However, the Reelfoot fault has a surface area that is less than that necessary for an M 8 earthquake. A possible solution to this discrepancy between magnitude and fault plane area is that the associated backthrusts are seismogenic.
A Possible Mechanistic Link between Teratogenesis and Carcinogenesis: Inhibited Intercellular Communication

The integrity of the DNA of each cell is necessary for normal functioning of the cell and the organism. DNA damage, if not repaired, might influence the expression of genes in that cell, as well as act as cytotoxic and mutagenic substrates. Genetic, developmental, physiological, nutritional and environmental factors are known to influence both the amount and kind of DNA damage, as well as its repair. Not all gene or chromosomal mutations are the result of agents which damage DNA. Factors which could alter the fidelity of DNA replication of normal DNA templates, as well as the segregation of chromosomes, could lead to both gene and chromosomal mutations. Since carcinogenesis is a multi-step process, involving the transformation of a normal cell to a premalignant cell, with subsequent clonal expansion and phenotypic evolution of that premalignant cell to a malignant cell, DNA damage and faulty DNA repair probably play a significant role in carcinogenesis through the production of mutations and cell killing. Cell killing due to inadequate DNA repair of DNA damage (or due to any other means) could act as a mitogenic stimulus by inducing regenerative hyperplasia. This hyperplasia stimulus, by amplifying initiated cells and creating opportunities for other unrepaired DNA lesions to be substrates for new mutations during cell division, might be responsible for converting the prenmalignant cell to the malignant cell, thus completing the carcinogenic process. Inhibition of intercellular communication by a wide cariety of physical, chemical and biological factors has been postulated to disrupt the regulation of proliferation and differentiation in stem cells. Agents which interrupt intercellular communication during early organogenesis have the potential to be teratogens, while if they are present in the developed, initiated organism they have the potential to be tumor promoters. Consequently, the observed linkage between teratogens and carcinogens might be mediated by their ability, via several mechanisms, to interfere with intercellular communication.
The Influences Impacting Staff Turnover in Higher Education

So what is happening within Higher Education where the turnover impacts have contributed to workplace costs in 2008 of 68 million dollars? This review will focus on the multiple influences of staff turnover within Higher Education Institutions and those that are affected. The research findings provide evidence of multiple impacts associated with administrative turnover. This phenomenon crosses all institution types, disciplines, genders, races and ethnicities. Some of the hidden influences can be found among the existing employees that stay behind. As a result these employees experienced the sense of a shared loss and a decrease in their work productivity. This review hopes to provide clarity on the issues which are impacting organizational structures within Higher Education Institutions resulting in low administrative and faculty retention. The implications for practice are significant and the solutions offered will strengthen the internal operations for Higher Education institutions.
Response of cortical oxygen pressure and striatal extracellular dopamine in the brain of newborn and adult animals to hypoxia

The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying hypoxic-ischemic brain damage at any age are very complex and compared to adults, newborns respond differently to similar hypoxic-ischemic insult (Duffy et al., 1982; Raichle, 1983). These is general agreement that newborns are more resistant to hypoxia/ischemia and can survive hypoxia much longer than adults of the same species (Glass et al., 1944). The greater resistance of the immature animals has been attributed to its lower cerebral metabolic rate; a greater ability to maintain energy reserves through glycolysis; lesser complexity of the synaptic connections and/or differences in the enzyme content (Duffy et al., 1972; Duffy and Vannucci, 1977; Vannucci, 1989). On the other hand, evidence had been presented that exposure to moderate hypoxia during early postnatal life may result in disruption of functional activity at selected synapses even when it does not cause histologically measurable neuronal damage (Hedner and Lundborg, 1979; 1980). Similarly, it has been proposed that exposure of immature brain to moderate hypoxia may cause permanent changes in synaptic function and have significant impact on further neuronal development (Ihle et al., 1985; Lun et al., 1986).
Patency and clinical success 22 years after the Palma procedure.

Surgical reconstruction for chronic iliofemoral venous occlusive disease is rarely performed. These interventions are fraught with frequent early graft occlusions with the best results achieved with autologous venous conduits. Suprapubic great saphenous vein (GSV) transposition to bypass the occluded iliofemoral vein (IFV) with the contralateral GSV was described by Palma and Esperon with a reported patency of 70% to 85% at 3to 7-year follow-ups. Questions have been raised about longterm patency, and functional and clinical success that can be achieved with a relatively small conduit compared with the size of an iliac vein. We present a case of a patient who underwent a Palma procedure for chronic left IFV occlusion 22 years ago. The patient consented to publish this report. A 20-year-old woman presented in 1990 with symptoms of exertional pain and swelling consistent with chronic venous insufficiency without skin changes or ulcers. Two years previously she had postpartum deep venous thrombosis, treated with heparin and warfarin. A venogram showed left IFV occlusion with extensive collaterals. A Palma procedure, femorofemoral GSV transposition using the right GSV was performed (A). She was maintained with lifelong oral anticoagulation and advised to wear elastic stockings. At the 12-year follow-up, a mildly symptomatic 2.5-cm right saphenous vein aneurysm at the saphenofemoral junction was identified and a portion of the wall was excised (B). At the 22-year follow-up, the patient had minimal symptoms with no edema, skin changes, or varicosities. A computed tomography venogram showed a patent Palma graft with rapid flow, and diameter that was equal to that of the right common iliac vein, and no evidence of stenosis or aneurysm (C and D/Cover). This case shows an excellent result two decades after the Palma procedure and supports its use in select patients. Results tend to be the best in patients with good inflow, no significant infrainguinal obstruction or incompetence, and a saphenous vein size >5 mm. In our experience with 25 patients a 78% patency at 5 years was shown. Long-term dilation of the vein is possible and can provide good outflow. The Palma procedure continues to be our first treatment option for patients with symptomatic unilateral iliac vein occlusion, who are not candidates for, or in whom endovascular treatment has failed.
The Technological Development of Decorated Corinthian Pottery, 8th to 6th Centuries BCE

Polychrome slipped and decorated pottery from Corinth, Greece, developed over two centuries from monochrome, dark brown slips and washes on a calcareous yellow clay body to a wide range of decorative techniques. Once significant experimentation with color variability began, five colors, each with various levels of gloss, were produced. Some slip colors involve multiple-step processing to control glass content and degree of sintering; the control of particle size to produce variable roughness and a matte or semi-matt or glossy appearance. Considerable evidence supports nearly continuous development and engineering of the ceramic slips, although no data support the improvement in composition or processing of the ceramic bodies. For instance, significant macro-porosity consistently is present in the bodies. We present the results of study of 27 sherds with 59 examples of Corinthian polychrome paint layers, measuring 5 to 35 microns in thickness, that were collected by Marie Farnsworth in the late 1950s and 1960s from Greek archaeological sites. Black, red, white, wine red (or purple) and overlying, matte banded slips and paints were studied by optical microscopy, petrographic and scanning-electron microscopy with semi-quantative energy dispersive x-ray analysis, as well as wavelength-dispersive electron microprobe (EPMA) elemental mapping and analysis.
New specimens and neotype designation of Thisbemys brevicrista (Rodentia, Ischyromyidae) from the middle Eocene clarify the distinction between T. corrugatus and T. plicatus

Abstract. Newly discovered mandibles and lower dentition of the middle Eocene rodent Thisbemys brevicrista from the Green River Basin, Wyoming, are the basis for a species re-diagnosis. Previously, only the upper dentition and a partial maxilla of T. brevicrista were known from Br3. New specimens from Br2 now include the lower molars, additional upper molars, and maxillary fragments including a partial zygomatic arch that preserves the relationship of the arch to the first upper molar. In addition, the presence of T. brevicrista at Br2 documents the co-existence of T. brevicrista with T. perditus, T. nini, T. plicatus, and T. corrugatus. Formerly, the latter two species were differentiated primarily using stratigraphy. Now, morphology and size can also be used. Thisbemys brevicrista is intermediate in size between T. plicatus and T. corrugatus, and can readily be distinguished from these species based on unique features of the upper and lower molars, which include an additional loph on the two anterior up...
Essential Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: An Acquired Art

Essential Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: An Acquired Art provides an essential, accessible grounding in current psychodynamic theory and practice for a wide range of readers. For trainees, it offers a very useful toolset to help them make the transition from purely theoretical training to the uncharted territory of clinical practice. For more seasoned therapists and those seeking to deepen their understanding of psychodynamic therapy, it provides conceptual clarity, and may also serve as a stepping stone to more complex and denser psychoanalytic works written for advanced clinicians. Essential Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: An Acquired Art is an introduction to how to think and work psychodynamically. It is written primarily for those training at a postgraduate level in psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy, but reaches well beyond that audience. It is grounded in contemporary psychoanalytic theory, drawing on the work of Winnicott, Bion, and Ogden, all of whom are pivotal in current psychodynamic thought and practice. It also integrates attachment theory and research, and includes fresh contributions from neuropsychological research. The voice of the book is honest and intimate. The tone is practical. It is written with a clear-minded understanding of contemporary psychodynamic theory that allows the new therapist to access the deepest and richest parts of the therapy itself. It translates many of the key theoretical tenets of psychodynamic psychotherapy, giving the reader a clear (but non-formulaic) guide as to how handle the contours of any analytic session; how to open one’s perceptual and emotional apertures as clinician; how to work in and understand "the relationship"; and how to work with the most common intra- and interpersonal problems patients present. This publication will be a valuable guide for new analysts and therapists, and also for those seeking to understand what the world of psychodynamic therapy may hold for them, no matter where they are in their clinical careers. Dr. Teri Quatman is an Associate Professor of Counseling Psychology in the Graduate Department of Counseling Psychology at Santa Clara University. She earned her Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1990, and has studied, practiced, and taught psychodynamic psychotherapy to graduate students for the past 25 years.
Suprachiasmatic nuclei influence torpor and circadian temperature rhythms in hamsters

Siberian hamsters were maintained in a short-day photoperiod (8 h light-day) at 15 degrees C; body temperature (Tb) and locomotor activity were telemetrically recorded at 10-min intervals over the course of 5 mo. Animals manifesting repeated torpor bouts (Tb less than 30 degrees C for several hours) were subjected to lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), pinealectomy, or sham operations. In the 15 wk after surgery, none of the animals with bilateral lesions of the SCN exhibited torpor; circadian Tb and locomotor activity rhythms, as determined by cosinor and power spectral analysis, also were absent in SCN-lesioned hamsters. Pinealectomized animals and brain-lesioned hamsters with intact SCN had normal circadian temperature and activity rhythms and showed torpor for at least 4 wk postsurgically. Expression of torpor and circadian rhythms of Tb and activity are dependent on intact SCN and persist for several weeks in the absence of pineal secretory activity.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Children and Adolescents

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has demonstrated efficacy in treating a number of disorders in children and adolescents. This chapter provides a detailed description of the CBT approaches and techniques that are most commonly used with youth, including psychoeducation, relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, behavioral exposure, and organizational skills training. In addition, it reviews assessment tools, strategies and instruments for use with children and adolescents, and discusses the role of parents in treatment. Throughout, developmental adaptions of CBT techniques and their use with children across a broad age range are emphasized. The empirical support for the use of CBT with youth is briefly reviewed, and a case example is provided to illustrate relevant clinical applications and common challenges.
Nutrient intakes and energy expenditures of residents with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

A 3-day study compared the nutrient intake and energy expenditure of 12 women and 3 men (ages 75-95) with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) with 10 women and 3 men with similar medical profiles but lacking SDAT. The results showed that the SDAT subjects consistently exhibited lower nutrient intakes than the non-SDAT group. Significant intake differences were noted for total calories, fat, carbohydrates, vitamin A, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, and calcium. The intake results are statistically summarized and discussed.(wz)
A Library of Multifunctional Polyesters with “Peptide-Like” Pendant Functional Groups

The synthesis and characterization of a library of modular multifunctional polyesters with pendant functional groups are described. The polyesters were synthesized at room temperature by carbodiimide-mediated polymerization of pendant functionalized diols and succinic acid. The pendant groups are designed to mimic the side chains of peptides, and it is shown that the physical properties of the polyesters can be modulated over a wide range by the choice of pendant groups. We also show that the pendant groups can be orthogonally functionalized with ligands such as fluorophores, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD).
The Link Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Diabetes

Exposure to adversity in childhood (adverse childhood experiences [ACEs]) is linked to a number of chronic diseases in adulthood, yet there is limited research examining the impact of ACEs on diabetes. The current review sought to examine the association between ACEs, other trauma exposure or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis, and risk for diabetes. Thirty-eight studies are reviewed. Unlike in other diseases, several studies in diabetes show a threshold-response versus a dose-response relation, while other studies show a relation between greater abuse severity and diabetes risk. There were mixed results for studies examining abuse type and frequency. Chronic or comorbid PTSD was also related to increased diabetes risk among veterans, but in community samples, only trauma exposure predicted diabetes risk. While the research is still limited, diabetes researchers and clinicians should consider screening for ACEs and examine severity and frequency across abuse type as a predictor of both diabetes and poor diabetes outcomes.
Anatomy Learning with Virtual Objects

In 3 experiments, participants learned bone anatomy by using a hand-held controller to rotate an on-screen 3D bone model. The on-screen bone included (OR condition) or did not include (no-OR condition) orientation references—visible lines marking its axes. The learning task involved rotating the on-screen bone to match target orientations. Learning outcomes were assessed by having participants identify anatomical features from different orientations. On the learning task, the OR group performed more accurately, directly, and quickly than the control group and high-spatial individuals outperformed low-spatial individuals. Assessments of anatomy learning indicated that under more challenging conditions, ORs elevated learning by low-spatial individuals to near that of high-spatial individuals. In Experiment 3, orientation references were shown to help learners avoid disorientation due to the symmetrical shape of the object.
Patterns of morphologic diversification among the Rostroconchia

Morphologic diversification among rostroconch molluscs is explored using multiple phylogenies derived from different methods. In addition to strict parsimony, phylogenetic esti- mates were derived using four different methods that employ stratigraphic data. The resultant phy- logenies are generally very similar to one another and to the phylogeny proposed by Pojeta and Runnegar (1976). All estimates (including the Pojeta and Runnegar estimate) imply much lower morphologic separations among post-Ordovician rostroconchs (measured here as the frequency of character state change per branch) than among Cambro-Ordovician rostroconchs. However, the data do not suggest that morphologic evolution became more constrained among rostroconchs as a whole, but instead suggest a reduced characteristic rate of morphologic change in the clade that happened to survive the end-Ordovician extinction. Likelihood ratio tests provide strongest sup- port for the hypothesis that morphologic evolution was more constrained within a derived subclade (corresponding to previous definitions of the Conocardioidea, minus the Eopteriidae) than it was in a broad paraphylum (corresponding to the Ribeirioidea + Eopteriidae). Estimates from each of the phylogenetic methods lead to the same conclusions. Various metrics indicate that the pattern is not due to poor sampling of Cambro-Ordovician species and thus merits a biological explanation. Nonphylogenetic analyses of morphologic disparity suggest a similar history of morphologic evo- lution, including the apparent difference in characteristic rates of morphologic evolution between paraclade and subclade.
Perspective: Quantum mechanical methods in biochemistry and biophysics

In this perspective article, I discuss several research topics relevant to quantum mechanical (QM) methods in biophysical and biochemical applications. Due to the immense complexity of biological problems, the key is to develop methods that are able to strike the proper balance of computational efficiency and accuracy for the problem of interest. Therefore, in addition to the development of novel ab initio and density functional theory based QM methods for the study of reactive events that involve complex motifs such as transition metal clusters in metalloenzymes, it is equally important to develop inexpensive QM methods and advanced classical or quantal force fields to describe different physicochemical properties of biomolecules and their behaviors in complex environments. Maintaining a solid connection of these more approximate methods with rigorous QM methods is essential to their transferability and robustness. Comparison to diverse experimental observables helps validate computational models and mechanistic hypotheses as well as driving further development of computational methodologies.
Characterizing adult age differences in the initiation and organization of retrieval: A further investigation of retrieval dynamics in dual-list free recall

In a recent experiment using dual-list free recall of unrelated word lists, C. N. Wahlheim and M. J. Huff (2015) found that relative to younger adults, older adults showed: (a) impaired recollection of temporal context, (b) a broader pattern of retrieval initiation when recalling from 2 lists, and (c) more intrusions when selectively recalling from 1 of 2 lists. These findings showed older adults' impaired ability to use controlled retrieval to avoid proactive and retroactive interference. In the present investigation, 3 studies examined whether differences in retrieval initiation patterns were unique to aging and whether they were governed by the control mechanisms that underlie individuals' susceptibility to intrusions. In Study 1, we conducted additional analyses of Wahlheim and Huff's data and found that older adults' broader retrieval initiation when recalling 2 lists was a unique effect of age that was not redundant with intrusions made when recalling from individual lists. In Study 2, we replicated these age differences in a dual-list paradigm with semantically associated lists. In Study 3, we found that older adults' broader retrieval initiation generalized when they were given twice the encoding time compared with Study 2. Analyses of transitions between recalls in Studies 2 and 3 showed that older adults used temporal associations less than younger adults, but both groups made similar use of semantic associations. Overall, these findings demonstrate adult age differences in the controlled retrieval of temporal context in hierarchically structured events. (PsycINFO Database Record
Nipple-sparing Mastectomy for the Management of Recurrent Breast Cancer

Abstract Introduction For patients who have an ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence following prior breast-conserving surgery and radiation, total mastectomy generally is recommended. However, little is known about the suitability and outcomes of nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with immediate breast reconstruction for the treatment of recurrent breast cancer, prompting this investigation. Patients and Methods From 1008 patients scheduled for NSM for breast cancer treatment at our institution between January 2009 and June 2016, we identified all patients who underwent surgery for ipsilateral recurrent breast cancer. We analyzed patient, tumor, and treatment variables, nipple preservation rates, and cancer outcomes. Results Twenty-one patients with ipsilateral recurrent disease were scheduled for NSM with immediate breast reconstruction, of whom 19 had received prior whole breast radiation. Two patients (10%) underwent intraoperative conversion to skin-sparing mastectomy for atypia or ductal carcinoma in situ in the central nipple ducts. Postoperative complications requiring intervention occurred in 2 patients: focal flap necrosis requiring debridement in 1 patient and seroma aspiration in another. Three patients received planned (pre- and/or postoperative) hyperbaric oxygen therapy. After 14.6 months median follow-up (range, 3-48.5 months), all 19 patients retained their native nipple-areolar complex and are disease-free. Conclusions NSM may be performed in carefully selected patients with recurrent breast cancer, despite prior ipsilateral surgery and radiation, with successful preservation of the nipple-areolar complex and an acceptably low complication rate. Our data suggest no short-term adverse effect of NSM on oncologic outcomes.
U.S. Transracial Adoption Trends in the 21st Century

A number of researchers have called attention to the lack of information available on transracial adoption at the national level. This project was a concerted effort to identify detailed informatio...
A single-pixel X-ray imager concept and its application to secure radiographic inspections

Abstract Imaging technology is generally considered too invasive for arms control inspections due to the concern that it cannot properly secure sensitive features of the inspected item. However, this same sensitive information, which could include direct information on the form and function of the items under inspection, could be used for robust arms control inspections. The single-pixel X-ray imager (SPXI) is introduced as a method to make such inspections, capturing the salient spatial information of an object in a secure manner while never forming an actual image. The method is built on the theory of compressive sensing and the single pixel optical camera. The performance of the system is quantified using simulated inspections of simple objects. Measures of the robustness and security of the method are introduced and used to determine how robust and secure such an inspection would be. In particular, it is found that an inspection with low noise (~ 1 % ) and high undersampling (~ > 256 × ) exhibits high robustness and security.
The Impact of an Emergency Department Front-End Redesign on Patient-Reported Satisfaction Survey Results.

Author(s): Repplinger, Michael D.; Ravi, Shashank; Lee, Andrew W.; Svenson, James E.; Sharp, Brian; Bauer, Matt; Hamedani, Azita G. | Abstract: Introduction: For emergency department (ED) patients, delays in care are associated withdecreased satisfaction. Our department focused on implementing a front-end vertical patient flowmodel aimed to decrease delays in care, especially care initiation. The physical space for this newmodel was termed the Flexible Care Area (FCA). The purpose of this study was to quantify theimpact of this intervention on patient satisfaction.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients discharged from our academic ED over aone-year period (7/1/2013-6/30/2014). Of the 34,083 patients discharged during that period, 14,075were sent a Press-Ganey survey and 2,358 (16.8%) returned the survey. We subsequently comparedthese survey responses with clinical information available through our electronic health record(EHR). Responses from the Press-Ganey surveys were dichotomized as being “Very Good” (VG, thehighest rating) or “Other” (for all other ratings). Data abstracted from the EHR included demographicinformation (age, gender) and operational information (e.g. – emergency severity index, length of stay,whether care was delivered entirely in the FCA, utilization of labs or radiology testing, or administrationof opioid pain medications). We used Fisher’s exact test to calculate statistical differences inproportions, while the Mantel-Haenszel method was used to report odds ratios.Results: Of the returned surveys, 62% rated overall care for the visit as VG. However, fewerpatients reported their care as VG if they were seen in FCA (53.4% versus 63.2%, p=0.027). Patientsseen in FCA were less likely to have advanced imaging performed (12% versus 23.8%, p=0.001) orlabs drawn (24.8% vs. 59.1%, p=0.001). Length of stay (FCA mean 159 ±103.5 minutes versus non-FCA 223 ±117 minutes) and acuity were lower for FCA patients than non-FCA patients (p=0.001).There was no statistically significant difference between patient-reported ratings of physicians ornurses when comparing patients seen in FCA vs. those not seen in FCA.Conclusion: Patients seen through the FCA reported a lower overall rating of care comparedto patients not seen in the FCA. This occurred despite a shorter overall length of stay for thesepatients, suggesting that other factors have a meaningful impact on patient satisfaction.