cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Performance of Information Systems: A Functional Scorecard

This study develops an instrument that may be used as an information systems (IS) functional scorecard (ISFS). It is based on a theoretical input-output model of the IS function's role in supporting business process effectiveness and organizational performance. The research model consists of three system output dimensions--systems performance, information effectiveness, and service performance. The "updated paradigm" for instrument development was followed to develop and validate the ISFS instrument. Construct validation of the instrument was conducted using responses from 346 systems users in 149 organizations by a combination of exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using LISREL. The process resulted in an instrument that measures 18 unidimensional factors within the three ISFS dimensions. Moreover, a sample of 120 matched-paired responses of separate CIO and user responses was used for nomological validation. The results showed that the ISFS measure reflected by the instrument was positively related to improvements in business processes effectiveness and organizational performance. Consequently, the instrument may be used for assessing IS performance, for guiding information technology investment and sourcing decisions, and as a basis for further research and instrument development.
Slave Revolts in Antiquity – By Theresa Urbainczyk

A number of colleagues tried to dissuade the author from writing this book. The reviewer is glad they failed. Her topic is slave revolts in antiquity, but Theresa Urbainczyk has brought much compar...
Some chaotic consequences of quantization in digital filters and digital control systems

Consideration is given to the closed-loop behavior of a feedback system that has an analog forward path and a measurement quantizer in the feedback loop. The author treats the measurement quantizer as a deterministic memoryless nonlinearity rather than as an entity that has a noise measurement as its output. The asymptotic properties of the feedback system turn out to be quite different from those that a signal-plus-noise analysis would predict. For a wide range of system parameter values, the closed-loop system behaves chaotically; in these cases, it is possible to characterize the chaos statistically in terms of an ergodic probability measure on the system's state space that is preserved by the closed-loop dynamics. >
Utilization of convex optimization for data fusion-driven sensor management in WSNs

In large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), one of the most important challenges is manageability of the network. With the increase in sensor nodes, data forwarding, route selection, network reliability and data accuracy are vital characteristics of WSNs that suffer from the growth in scale. In this paper, we propose a data fusion based approach to drastically improve network lifetime, reduce excessive network load, and improve overall WSN performance. Our proposed approach utilizes employment of data fusion to intelligently select a subset of nodes with information needed for the data fusion, while removing all redundant nodes without impacting the fused data quality. We also introduce two methods for reducing the number of sensor nodes in a generic estimation problem using data fusion for reliability improvement of the sensed data in the presence of noise. The first method is based on observation similarity, while the second method leverages convex optimization. Our results show that our proposed methods can greatly improve large-scale WSN operation efficiency.
Palladio and the Water-oriented Scenography of Venice

Andrea Palladio’s Venetian churches of San Giorgio Maggiore and Il Redentore overlook the Bay of San Marco and its tributaries, the Grand Canal and the Giudecca Canal. In Palladio and the Water-oriented Scenography of Venice, Daniel Savoy examines the churches from their surrounding waterways, explaining them as centerpieces in an elaborate program of urban scenography that must be seen as a work of collective civic authorship. Through close topographical and contextual analysis, he shows that Palladio and his patrons oriented the churches to be seen from the perspective of the waterways approaching and transversing the city while evoking the visual experience and cosmological associations of theater. The scheme accords with Palladio’s theoretical project but also builds on Venetian conventions of aquatic urbanism and symbolic geography, implicating the architect in a centuries-old tradition in which the mythical image of Venice was projected through the city’s spectacular waterfront architecture.
Arresting amyloid with coulomb's law: acetylation of ALS-linked SOD1 by aspirin impedes aggregation.

Although the magnitude of a protein’s net charge (Z) can control its rate of self-assembly into amyloid, and its interactions with cellular membranes, the net charge of a protein is not viewed as a druggable parameter. This article demonstrates that aspirin (the quintessential acylating pharmacon) can inhibit the amyloidogenesis of superoxide dismutase (SOD1) by increasing the intrinsic net negative charge of the polypeptide, i.e., by acetylation (neutralization) of multiple lysines. The protective effects of acetylation were diminished (but not abolished) in 100 mM NaCl and were statistically significant: a total of 432 thioflavin-T amyloid assays were performed for all studied proteins. The acetylation of as few as three lysines by aspirin in A4V apo-SOD1—a variant that causes familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)—delayed amyloid nucleation by 38% and slowed amyloid propagation by twofold. Lysines in wild-type- and ALS-variant apo-SOD1 could also be peracetylated with aspirin after fibrillization, resulting in supercharged fibrils, with increases in formal net charge of ∼2 million units. Peracetylated SOD1 amyloid defibrillized at temperatures below unacetylated fibrils, and below the melting temperature of native Cu2,Zn2-SOD1 (e.g., fibril Tm = 84.49°C for acetylated D90A apo-SOD1 fibrils). Targeting the net charge of native or misfolded proteins with small molecules—analogous to how an enzyme’s Km or Vmax are medicinally targeted—holds promise as a strategy in the design of therapies for diseases linked to protein self-assembly.
Neural plasticity in the ageing brain

The mechanisms involved in plasticity in the nervous system are thought to support cognition, and some of these processes are affected during normal ageing. Notably, cognitive functions that rely on the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex, such as learning, memory and executive function, show considerable age-related decline. It is therefore not surprising that several neural mechanisms in these brain areas also seem to be particularly vulnerable during the ageing process. In this review, we discuss major advances in our understanding of age-related changes in the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex and how these changes in functional plasticity contribute to behavioural impairments in the absence of significant pathology.
The adaptation of black graduate students: a social network approach.

Despite the importance of increasing the number of graduate degrees awarded to members of minority groups, there has been little research on how minority students adapt to the graduate school environment The present study examined how social integration and social support were related to academic performance and psychological well-being among 89 black graduate and professional students. Findings indicate that black graduate students were not well integrated into their academic environment. Students in relatively more integrated departments were better adjusted, had higher grades, and perceived themselves to be making good progress in their graduate work. These students were also less likely to have considered dropping out of school. Frequency of out-of-school contact with black faculty and the number of black students in the department were important social integration and social support variables. The implications of these findings for minority student retention are discussed.
On the Process and Outcome of Graduate Training in Clinical Psychology: Where Do We Want to Go, How Will We Get There, and Who Will Join Us?

The study by Ilardi et al. (this issue) follows a tradition of evaluating clinical Ph.D. programs by the number of graduates engaged in clinical versus research activities. The separation of outcomes into these two categories reflects difficulty in the field defining meaningful integrations of science and practice. We suggest that this difficulty arises regularly in the experiences of clinical graduate students, and that the process of graduate education is ripe for systematic study. An analogy is drawn between psychotherapy research and graduate training leading to a focus on links between individual student and program differences, educational processes, and varieties of educational outcomes.
Role of Chemotherapy in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer is increasingly recognized as a special form of metastatic disease. This review focuses on the efficacy of systemic chemotherapy in the setting of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Peritoneal carcinomatosis-affected individuals succumb to their disease earlier than those without known carcinomatosis, with an approximately 30 % reduction in overall survival. Modern cytotoxic combination chemotherapy incorporating oxaliplatin and irinotecan has resulted in marked improvement of overall survival among carcinomatosis patients, but not to the same extent as for non-carcinomatosis patients. Biologicals are also associated with increased overall survival, but still seem to underperform in the carcinomatosis patient. Efficacy of 5FU monotherapy seems negligible. Evidence suggests future trials should be stratified by peritoneal carcinomatosis status. Complementary benefits of systemic chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgical approaches warrant further studies.
Enantioselective Photocycloaddition of 3-Hydroxyflavones: Total Syntheses and Absolute Configuration Assignments of (+)-Ponapensin and (+)-Elliptifoline

We have previously reported development of biomimetic, asymmetric [3 + 2] photocycloadditions between 3-hydroxyflavones and cinnamate dipolarophiles to access (−)-rocaglamide and related natural products. Herein, we describe enantioselective syntheses of aglain cycloadducts leading to the first total syntheses and absolute configuration assignments of the aglain natural products (+)-ponapensin and (+)-elliptifoline.
Height and torsional stiffness are most sensitive to annular injury in large animal intervertebral discs

Abstract Background context Acute annulus fibrosus injury has been identified as a contributing factor to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Injuries as small as those resulting from needle injection result in localized mechanical disruption via fiber breakage, but it is unknown whether these injuries initiate degeneration locally or through changes in the mechanical behavior of the entire disc. However, in vitro biomechanical studies of injury are limited to a single type of injury or measurements in only one or two degrees of freedom. Purpose The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the joint level mechanical response to IVD injuries of various sizes in a large animal model. We hypothesize that annular injuries will affect disc mechanics differently depending on size, location, and mode of loading. We further hypothesize that a large injury to one side of the disc will induce a bending moment reaction under axial compression, which may decrease spinal column stability. Study design A comprehensive biomechanical study investigating effects of small and large injuries on IVD pressurization and six-degree-of-freedom stiffness behaviors using bovine motion segments. Methods Bovine caudal motion segments were subjected to a series of annular injuries ranging from 21-gauge needle puncture to 10-mm scalpel incisions and evaluated before and after injury with both mechanical testing under multiple degrees of freedom (axial compression, flexion-extension, lateral bending, and torsion) and nucleus pulposus (NP) fluid pressurization tests. Results Mechanical tests showed that axial torsional stiffness and disc height under resting compressive load were the parameters most sensitive to large annular injury. Bending and compressive stiffnesses, as well as bending moments induced by axial compression, were not significantly changed by scalpel incisions. Additionally, large injuries resulted in altered relaxation behavior after NP pressurization indicative of increases in both radial bulge compliance and fluid flow rates. Conclusions These findings suggest that loss of disc height, torsional stiffness, and NP fluid pressurization are the immediate results of acute annular injury and are therefore those properties that IVD repair strategies must strive to restore or maintain. The lack of change in bending stiffness and moment under compression suggests that acute annular tears alone are not sufficient to induce off-axis motion and instability.
A fast-converging space-time adaptive processing algorithm for non-Gaussian clutter suppression

The normalized fractionally-lower order moment (NFLOM) algorithm differs from the normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm in that it minimizes the lower order moment (p<2) of the error rather than the variance (p=2). This paper first evaluates the performances of the NFLOM for space-time adaptive processing in heavy-tailed compound K clutters in terms of the excess mean square error (MSE), misalignment, beampatterns, and output signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR). The results show that the MSE curve of a small-order NFLOM exhibits faster convergence but higher steady-state error than a large-order NFLOM. Second, this paper proposes a new variable-order FLOM algorithm to dynamically change the order during adaptation, thus achieving both fast initial convergence and low steady-state error. The new algorithm is applied to STAP for Gaussian and non-Gaussian clutter suppression. The simulation results show that it achieves the best compromise between fast convergence and low steady-state error in both types of clutters.
Dioxygen activation of iron bleomycin and the cleavage of DNA

Abstract The anticancer drug bleomycin cleaves DNA in a reaction requiring Fe2+ and O2 or Fe3+ and H2O2. The activation of the Fe drug complex resembles that seen for cytochrome P-450. Unlike P-450, bleomycin functions as an oxidase rather than an oxygenase.
Self-Reported Health in Poland and the United States: A Comparative Analysis of Demographic, Family and Socioeconomic Influences

This study compares the social determinants of individual health between the United States a capitalist society and Poland a postcomnmnist society. The effects of demographic factors family characteristics and socioeconomic status on self-reported health are estimated with OLS regression using data from the 1994 American and Polish General Social Surveys. The results show lower self-reported health and more rapid declines in health for people over 60 in Poland than in the United States. Also in Poland women report worse health than do men while the opposite is found for the United States. The relationships between education income and health were stronger in the United States than in Poland. Age gender and SES may operate differently in the two countries because of a gap in social development (e.g. varying living standards and styles health care systems and cultural attitudes) between the West and the former Eastern Europe. (authors)
Mentoring in the Academic Medical Setting: The Gender Gap

Mentoring is an essential part of success in the academic medical center. The provision of effective mentoring is key to the success of the increasing numbers of women entering medicine. However, the gender distribution within the hierarchy of medicine has not changed in that the power still resides with men in the system. Currently, men are attempting to mentor women, and so as the proportion of women in medicine continues to grow, they will become more influential in this setting and will become increasingly responsible for providing mentoring to men. In either case, effective communication across gender lines is an essential aspect of the mentoring process. Psychologists in academic medical settings can provide guidance to faculty and staff on the critical aspects of social development and communication, which may affect how women and men are mentored and the success of this mentoring process, whether across or within gender lines.
Optical Processing With The General Electric Light Valve

The coherent light valve is a video-input spatial light modulator developed for real-time optical processing. It was developed as a modified form of the commercial GE light valve TV projection system. The video input signal phase modulates the optical aperture by modulating a raster-scanned electron beam. At compatible TV rates (525/30) the CLV system has a bandwidth of 10-15 MHz and a dynamic range of 40 dB or more . Higher scan rates have demonstrated bandwidths up to 100 MHz, and a special CLV tube design can operate above 100 MHz. Recently compact rack-mounted processor configurations, suitable for user environments, have been developed. This paper reviews past and present work and offers some predictions regarding future developments of the CLV system.
Chronic Inflammatory Muscle Diseases and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease

Despite recent advancements in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), it remains the commonest cause of death in the world. Although traditional risk factors partially account for the development of CAD, other novel risk factors have recently been implicated. Specifically, chronic inflammation has been postulated to play a role in the development and propagation of this disease. The purpose of this review is to examine the available evidence to determine if patients with chronic inflammatory muscle diseases have higher rates of cardiovascular disease.
Nutational stability of a spinning spacecraft with internal mass motion and axial thrust

Stability conditions are developed for a spinning spacecraft with internal mass motion and axial thrust. The results show that rapid cone angle growth is possible if the thrust magnitude is sufficiently large and the moving mass is aft of the system mass center. The instability does not rely on internal or external dissipation.
Gate Oxide Leakage and Floating Gate Capacitor Matching Test

Capacitor matching is an important device parameter for precision analog applications. In the last ten years, the floating gate measurement technique has been widely used for its characterization. As technologies advance, however, new challenges emerge. In this paper we describe the impact of MOSFET thin gate oxide leakage on the technique. SPICE simulation, bench measurement, analytical model and numerical analyses are presented to illustrate the problem and key contributing factors. In addition, we propose a field MOSFET approach to solve the problem. Since field oxide thickness is typically several thousand Angstroms, gate leakage is negligible. Thick gate oxide MOSFET and Field MOSFET measurement data are compared.
The estimation of macromolecular synthesis in plant cell cultures

A simple and relatively rapid technique is described which can be used to determine accurately the overall pattern of macromolecule biosynthesis in plant cells. Sanguinaria canadensis L. (Papaveraceae) suspension cells were used as the model system. The patterns of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis were determined through cellular incorporation of [methyl-3H]-thymidine, [5-3H]-uridine and [4,5-3H]-leucine, respectively. The method takes advantage of a one-step filtering procedure, which simplifies the extraction methods normally used. The results are described and possible applications of this procedure in plant-cell growth studies and biotechnology are discussed.
A Note on the Minimal Volume of Almost Cubic Parallelepipeds

Abstract. We prove that the best way to reduce the volume of the n -dimensional unit cube by a linear transformation that maps each of the main vertices $\vec e_i$ to a point within distance ɛ < $\sqrt{(1/n) - (1/n^2)}$ from $\vec e_i$ is to shorten all edges by a factor (1-ɛ) . In particular, the minimal volume of such an almost cubic parallelepiped is (1-ɛ) n . This problem naturally arises in the construction of lattice-based one-way functions with worst-case/ average-case connection.
High-speed implementations of rule-based systems

Rule-based systems are widely used in artificial intelligence for modeling intelligent behavior and building expert systems. Most rule-based programs, however, are extremely computation intensive and run quite slowly. The slow speed of execution has prohibited the use of rule-based systems in domains requiring high performance and real-time response. In this paper we explore various methods for speeding up the execution of rule-based systems. In particular, we examine the role of parallelism in the high-speed execution of rule-based systems and study the architectural issues in the design of computers for rule-based systems. Our results show that contrary to initial expectations, the speed-up that can be obtained from parallelism is quite limited, only about tenfold. The reasons for the small speed-up are: (1) the small number of rules relevant to each change to data memory; (2) the large variation in the processing requirements of relevant rules; and (3) the small number of changes made to data memory between synchronization steps. Furthermore, we observe that to obtain this limited factor of tenfold speed-up, it is necessary to exploit parallelism at a very fine granularity. We propose that a suitable architecture to exploit such fine-grain parallelism is a shared-memory multiprocessor with 32-64 processors. Using such a multiprocessor, it is possible to obtain execution speeds of about 3800 rule-firings/set. This speed is significantly higher than that obtained by other proposed parallel implementations of rule-based systems.
Numerical and experimental studies of bubble growth during the microcellular foaming process

A new experimental technique for studying the dynamics of bubble growth in thermoplastics using scanning electron microscopy is developed. The influence of temperature, saturation pressure, molecular weight, and the nature of physical blowing agent are investigated. The experimental results show that, the above, process variables control the growth of foams during processing. The existing Newtonian model for the growth of a single bubble in an infinite amount of polymer has been modified to account for the non-Newtonian effects by modeling the polymer as a power law fluid. The experimental data has been compared with the appropriate viscoelastic cell model which considers the growth of closely spaced spherical bubbles during the foaming process. The simulation results indicate that the predictions of the cell model are in qualitative agreement with the trends of the experimental data and the quantitative agreement is reasonable. The cell model also gives an equilibrium radius which agrees with the experimental data. Other viscous models do not predict the equilibrium radius of the bubble and underpredict the experimental data.
Note on the neurobiophysical interpretation of imitative behavior

Simple reaction and discrimination reaction, under the influence of imitation, are considered for the situation in which the stimulus or the stimuli vary slowly with time. The result is analogous to hysteresis under certain conditions. The calculations are facilitated by the solution of $$x = \int_{ - \infty }^{a + \beta x} {g\left( \xi \right)d} \xi ,$$ g(ξ) being the normal error function. Values ofx(α, β) are given in a table.
Deterministic Response to Free-Surface Waves

The relative importance and method of application of the impulse response technique for predicting motions, forces, etc., due to free-surface wave effects on water-borne vehicles, has been discussed by several authors. Controversy exists over the applicability of the law of causality when there is more than one independent variable; that is, the free surface and the body whose response is desired are distributed in space and vary in time. It is shown in this paper that impulse response operators for systems with free-surface wave inputs, in principle, do not satisfy the law of causality. However, by properly positioning the wave input point, the contribution from negative time can be made small. Nomenclature g = gravitational constant h(t) = time history of surface elevation at origin p(x, y, t) = pressure field t = time x, y = orthogonal Cartesian coordinate system f = complex Fourier transform parameter, f = « + iar)(x, t) = free-surface elevation p = fluid density (x} y, 0 = velocity potential E FFECTIVE operation of marine vehicles in the unsteady ocean environment requires analytical methods to predict motions, accelerations, deck wetness, forefoot emergence, etc. Two equivalent approaches have been described for such predictions. St. Denis and Pierson1 presented methods for determining the probabilistic description of the behavior of a vehicle in a random seaway. The complementary procedure presented by Cummins 2 and exploited by Wehausen 3 yields the deterministic evaluation of a vehicle's reponse to a specified time history of the sea surface. This approach was extended by Henry 4 to the prediction of the rigid body and elastic response of hydrofoil craft. Either method has advantages in attaining effective designs for marine vehicles. This paper is concerned with the deterministic approach and, in particular, with the requirement that the impulse response functions satisfy the law of causality, which states that no physical system can respond to future causes, i.e., the cause must always precede the effect. The deterministic approach to calculating response of physical systems has been highly developed in the field of control theory5 which deals with systems described by ordinary differential equations, i.e., with inputs and outputs functions of one independent variable, time. For stable, linear, timeinvariant systems, it is well known that the output y(t) of a so-called dynamical system can be predicted from the previous history of the input rj(r), T < t by the convolution integral
Incorporation of Tritiated Actinomycin D into Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant HeLa Cells

HeLa cells, sensitive and resistant to actinomycin D, were treated with the tritiated antibiotic; only the nuclei of the drug-sensitive cells incorporated the tritium.
Factors influencing the histochemical demonstration of coenzyme-dependent dehydrogenases and diaphorases.

Procedures for the histochemical demonstration of DPN and TPN diaphorases have been presented by other workers. These techniques rely on the coenzyme-dependent dehydrogenases present in the tissue slice to generate the substrate required by the diaphorases. In vitro studies were carried out on kidney and adrenal tissue of the rat, using NT (neotetrazolium) and INT (2- p -iodophenyl-3- p -nitrophenyl-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride) with various substrates of DPN-dependent dehydrogenases. The solutions used for study contained alcohol and alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamate and malate, malate, glutamate, s-hydroxybutyrate, or DPNH. It has been possible to demonstrate (1) that histological distribution of dehydrogenases may differ from that of the flavoprotein oxidizing reduced coenzyme I; (2) characteristic patterns of distribution of particular dehydrogenases in the tissue proper; (3) different levels of dehydrogenase in kidney and adrenal; and (4) differences in dehydrogenase distribution in the kidneys of man and rat. The evidence presented clearly indicates the limitations inherent in the accepted procedures for the demonstration of DPN and TPN diaphorases. The possible application of the tetrazolium salts to the study of particular coenzyme-dependent dehydrogenases and the pitfalls which might occur are also discussed.
An empirical examination of antecedents and consequences of IT governance in US hospitals

Intense pressure to control costs and improve patient care quality is driving hospitals to increasingly look to information technology (IT) for solutions. As IT investment and IT capability have grown in hospitals, the need to manage IT resources aggressively has also increased. The rise in complexity and sophistication of the IT capability in hospitals has also increased the importance of IT governance in these organizations. Yet, there is limited empirical data about the antecedents and consequences of IT governance. We draw upon extant literature related to power and politics and capability management to propose, operationalize, and empirically examine a nomological model that explains and predicts IT governance and its ensuing impact on risk management and IT contribution to hospital performance. We empirically tests our hypotheses based on survey data gathered from 164 CIOs of US hospitals. The results have implications for hospitals’ readiness and predisposition for IT governance, as their structural and relational mechanisms can affect IT governance and, indirectly, IT value creation. A contribution of this study is that it is one of the first to empirically examine antecedents to IT governance and its impact on IT performance in a high-velocity environment that is riddled with technological turbulence.
Screening for minimal brain dysfunction (MBD/DAMP) at six years of age: results of motor test in relation to perinatal conditions, development and family situation.

The aim of this study was to investigate if children aged 6 years of age, classified as having minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) or deficit in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP), exhibit special medical problems, specific developmental features or if special psychosocial conditions exist in the family. The screening program, using the psychoneurological part of the method developed by Gillberg et al., included 234 children who were followed-up prospectively from pregnancy and birth. The results were related to the physical and mental development of the children, to the psychosocial and socioeconomic conditions of the families, to pre- and postnatal conditions and to “reduced optimality score”, as defined by Prechtl. Mental development was assessed by the use of Griffiths' test at 10-14 months and at 4-5 years of age. At the second Griffiths' test, the mother was also interviewed about the presence of aggressiveness and other symptoms of childhood psychopathology in her child, as defined by the DSM-III criteria, and a psychological observation was also made. In addition to screening for MBD/DAMP, at 6 years of age the parents were asked to complete a questionnaire aimed at identifying attention deficit disorder (ADD). No medical or psychological intervention was made before this stage. Fourteen children (9M, 5F) (6%) were identified as having a positive MBD/DAMP screening result. The results of the screening procedure showed a weak correlation with those obtained using the questionnaire based on the DSM-III criteria for ADD. Compared with the rest of the children, those with a positive MBD/DAMP screening result had an increased number of complications during pregnancy but not a reduced optimality score. At 4 years of age the performance on the Griffiths' test was lower and the rate of child psychiatric symptoms such as aggressiveness and signs of the mother having difficulties in setting limits for the child were more common than among the rest of the cohort. No relation was found with the psychosocial or socioeconomic conditions of the family. We conclude that children suspected of having MBD/DAMP at the start of school may have exhibited signs of delayed psychoneurological development and symptoms of psychopathology at 4 years of age.
UNIFIED TREATMENT OF HADRONIC PROCESSES INVOLVING HIGH-MASS VIRTUAL PHOTONS.

A unified treatment of the three processes (I) lepton+proton \ensuremath{\rightarrow} lepton+hadrons, (II) proton+proton \ensuremath{\rightarrow} lepton pair+hadrons, and (III) lepton pair \ensuremath{\rightarrow} hadrons is presented. Our dynamical model is an off-mass-shell bootstrap theory of the hadrons. We show that the model predicts slow ${q}^{2}$ (photon mass squared) variation of the differential cross sections for processes I and II in spite of the fact that the model requires the elastic and quasi-elastic hadronic form factors to decrease faster than any power in ${q}^{2}$. The cross section for process III, however, is predicted to decrease rapidly in ${q}^{2}$ and to violate the scaling law observed for process I. More detailed predictions of multiplicities and angular distributions of the final states are made, as well as the surprising predictions that for large ${q}^{2}$, the ratio $\frac{(\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d{q}^{2}})(pp\ensuremath{\rightarrow}pp+\mathrm{lepton}\mathrm{pair})}{(\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d{q}^{2}})(pp\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\pi}+\mathrm{lepton}\mathrm{pair})}$ for process II and the ratio $\frac{\ensuremath{\sigma}(\mathrm{lepton}\mathrm{pair}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{p}p)}{\ensuremath{\sigma}(\mathrm{lepton}\mathrm{pair}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}+\mathrm{real}\mathrm{photon})}$ for process III should both approach zero. The latter ratio should be comparable to 1 for ${q}^{2}\ensuremath{\simeq}6$ Be${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$.
The application and construction of the pinledge retainer

N THE FIELD of anterior fixed partial dentures, stability and esthetics must receive equal consideration. The partial veneer crown, the gold crown with a veneer, the MacBoyle and the pinledge retainers have been used for many years. Stability has resulted with the partial and full veneer crowns and with the MacBoyle retainer, even though they may not have been constructed with finesse. Esthetically, the MacBoyle retainer leaves much to be desired. To achieve a satisfactory result with the partial veneer crown, modifications must be made in the standard preparati0n.l The veneered gold crown poses the difficulties of overpreparation, contour, masking, and shading. In the hands of a few these problems are solved. A correctly-designed and well-made pinledge requires the least cutting of the tooth and displays the least amount of metal. If used within its limitations, it is an excellent retainer. That it does have definite limitations has been demonstrated to the writer and his associates. Through a trial and error method, where at times it was used solely for experimental purposes, some definite conclusions concerning the indications and contraindications of the pinledge have been reach&. In those instances of failure, some small but highly important point was overlooked when calculating the stresses which would bear on the abutment teeth, in determining the mobility and leverage arcs of those teeth, and in measuring the lever arm necessary in the replacement. Analysis of the study casts had not been made with sufficient care. What had appeared to be a situation quite similar to one previously successful, proved-by failure-that it was influenced by a factor, or several factors, not present before. In almost every failure, a further study of the case showed a torsional stress produced by an unobserved, miscalculated, or disregarded thrust from the opposing jaw.
Human serum albumin shares the properties of estrocolyone-I, the inhibitor of the proliferation of estrogen-target cells

Abstract The control of cell proliferation by estrogens was examined under the premises of the indirect-negative hypothesis, which states that estradiol cancels the proliferative inhibition exerted by a serumborne protein on estrogen-target cells. Fractionation protocols resulted in the co-elution of the inhibitory activity with serum albumin. Removal of human albumin (HA) from charcoal-dextran stripped serum by hexyl-S agarose chromatography resulted in a preparation lacking inhibitory effect. HA inhibited the proliferation of human estrogen-target MCF-7 cells. Human non-estrogen-target MDA-MB231 cells were impervious to the effect of HA. MCF-7 cells were exposed to recombinant human albumin (rHA) and to its rDomain I and rDomains I + II. Inhibition of proliferation was maximal with rHA and with rDomains I + II; rDomain I was less inhibitory. The inhibitory effect of albumin was cell type and protein specific. Only estrogens cancelled the albumin inhibition; recombinant growth factors and other hormones were ineffective. These data suggest that: (a) albumin or a portion of it (most likely within Domains I and II) is the specific inhibitory signal for the proliferation of human estrogen-target, serum-sensitive cells; (b) estrogens specifically cancel this inhibition; (c) inhibitory signals prevail over putative growth factors; and (d) the default state in these cells is proliferation.
Monte Carlo calculation of the average solid angle subtended by a parallelepiped detector from a distributed source

Abstract A Monte Carlo method utilizing total variance reduction is applied to the calculation of the solid angle subtended by a parallelepiped detector from an arbitrarily positioned point. Although there is an analytical expression for the solid angle subtended by a rectangle from an arbitrary point, the method should prove valuable when a mean solid angle from a distributed source is required. In addition, the algorithm provides an efficient way to sample the directions of gamma rays which intercept a parallelepiped detector, required in the Monte Carlo calculations of the efficiency of square detectors.
Extracting discriminative features for event-based electricity disaggregation

We describe a novel method for electricity load disaggregation based on the machine learning method of time series shapelets. We frame the electricity disaggregation problem as that of event detection and event classification from time series data. We use existing shapelet-based algorithms to separate appliance activity periods (caused by switching on/off of appliances and denoted as events) from time periods without any such activity. We then identify which type of appliances in a household correspond to the events detected within the power consumption data. Such appliance-level feedback is critical for end-users in managing their energy use efficiently. We use the BLUED dataset for experimental evaluation of the proposed method. This dataset is a fully labeled publicly available dataset of electricity consumption of a household in the United States for one week, the data being recorded at a very high frequency and externally labeled with the times when specific appliances were switched on or off. The proposed approach is able to achieve approximately 98% accuracy for event detection and between 77% to 84% accuracy for event classification. The data segments that were identified as being most discriminative for electricity disaggregation are visually interpretable, and the appliances identified to be responsible for heavy energy consumption can be reported to consumers to encourage reduction in energy consumption.
Modulation of Daily Precipitation over East Africa by the Madden–Julian Oscillation*

AbstractSpatiotemporal variability in East African precipitation affects the livelihood of tens of millions of people. From the perspective of floods, flash droughts, and agriculture, variability on intraseasonal time scales is a critical component of total variability. The principal objective of this study is to explore subseasonal impacts of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on tropospheric circulations affecting East Africa (EA) during the long (March–May) and short (October–December) rains and associated variability in precipitation. Analyses are performed for 1979–2012 for dynamics and 1998–2012 for precipitation. Consistent with previous studies, significant MJO influence is found on wet and dry spells during the long and short rains. This influence, however, is found to vary within each season. Specifically, indices of MJO convection at 70°–80°E and 120°W are strongly associated with precipitation variability across much of EA in the early (March) and late (May) long rainy season and in the middl...
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE RAMAN SCATTERING IN THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL HEISENBERG ANTIFERROMAGNET

We have analyzed the ${\mathit{B}}_{1\mathit{g}}$ finite-temperature Raman response of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model. For temperatures in the range of the experimental data obtained for ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$, i.e., between T=0 and a little higher than the N\'eel transition temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{N}}$, we obtain a qualitatively good agreement with experimental measurements: the two-magnon energy is almost independent of the temperature, and its intensity decreases by approximately 20% when T is increased from 0 to T\ensuremath{\ge}${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{N}}$. For temperatures T\ensuremath{\sim}(2\char21{}4)${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{N}}$ corresponding to the undoped compound ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ to the paramagnetic phase, the two-magnon peak is still recognizable, showing the nonsensitivity of the short-wavelength spin waves to the presence or absence of long-range magnetic order.
Empirical loss analysis to support definition of seismic performance objectives for woodframe buildings

Abstract This paper presents an empirical seismic loss analysis procedure for woodframe buildings and examines how it can be utilized to provide input for the development of seismic performance objectives for woodframe buildings in terms of economic loss. This type of performance measure is more directly useful to building owners than qualitative performance levels such as “Life Safety” proposed in first generation performance-based seismic design documents. The procedure combines the PEER loss estimation methodology with the most up-to-date seismic numerical structural models for woodframe buildings and experimental data from full-scale shake table tests. The resulting loss estimates are quite reasonable when compared to observations from the 1994 Northridge, CA earthquake. The procedure is applied to two-story, single-family residential structures to estimate losses as a function of ground motion intensity and building design, and the results are discussed to illustrate how they can be used to help: (1) characterize estimated losses, (2) define performance objectives, and (3) guide design to meet those performance objectives. The study provides the first fully comprehensive application of the PEER methodology to woodframe buildings.
Alcoholism and animals.

Abstract Studies in animals of alcohol-associated phenomena have begun to yield data which may provide a better understanding of human alcoholism. Four such phenomena, tolerance, dependence, hepatic damage and self-intoxication, have been demonstrated in both animals and man. The relationships among these phenomena, however, have not yet been determined in either human or nonhuman species. Tolerance to and physical dependence on alcohol have been clearly demonstrated in a number of animal species. The behavioral, physiological and biochemical correlates of tolerance and dependence are of considerable contemporary experimental interest. In particular, animal models of alcohol withdrawal signs will yield excellent preparations for the study of the management of problems associated with ethanol withdrawal in man. Chronic liver damage, a problem often associated with alcoholism, has been demonstrated in animals; however, it remains unclear whether the conditions necessary for its production are equivalent in animals and man. Through an approach based on operant conditioning, behavioral phenomena associated with ethanol-reinforced self-intoxication are being elucidated in animals and man. These findings provide a descriptive framework which could lead to a delimitation of the important variables that control ethanol intoxication in both animals and man; hence, new avenues for treatment and prevention of human alcoholism may be elaborated.
A Comparison of Observed and Model-Derived Structures of Caribbean Easterly Waves

Abstract A linear primitive equation model has been used to test the hypothesis that the vertical structure of observed Caribbean easterly waves is determined by the interaction between convective heating and the environmental wind. The model determines the response to a propagating heat source in a specified basic state. The model allows for the inclusion of diffusion and cumulus momentum transports. The linear perturbations are assumed to have the form of a single Fourier component in the zonal direction. The frequency and zonal wavelength of the disturbance are taken from observations of the three-dimensional structure of a series of Caribbean easterly waves made by Shapiro. The structure of the basic state zonal wind, assumed to be a function of height, is based on observations near the latitude of largest observed wave amplitude. The maximum heating rate is 5 K day−1, centered at about 19°N. Very good agreement is found between the model-derived vertical structure of the waves and that observed by Sh...
Evaluating the Importance of Stem Canker of Soybean in Iowa

The relative importance of stem canker of soybean in Iowa compared with other soybean diseases present in the state was assessed using data collected from over 3,400 soybean fields sampled in the Iowa Soybean Disease Survey that was conducted from 2005 to 2007. Symptomatic plant tissues from soybean plants with stem canker symptoms were cultured on acidified potato dextrose agar. The prevalence of stem canker on soybean in 2005 in Iowa was 2.6%; the disease was not detected in 2006 and 2007. In 2005, 63 isolates with Diaporthe/Phomopsis characteristics were collected. To identify isolates to fungal species and variety, single-spored isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Fourteen isolates were identified as D. phaseolorum var. caulivora (northern stem canker) and 49 as Phomopsis longicolla. To quantify and compare the aggressiveness of D. phaseolorum var. caulivora isolates collected in Iowa, nine isolates were arbitrarily selected for components analysis. Incubation period, rate of lesion expansion, final lesion length, and time to plant death for each isolate were quantified. Significant differences in components of aggressiveness were detected among the nine isolates. Results from this work suggest stem canker is a minor disease of soybean in Iowa.
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and suicidal behavior on a video/EEG telemetry unit: The need for psychiatric assessment and screening for suicide risk

Patients with epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) have an increased prevalence of psychiatric illness and risk for suicidal ideation/suicidal behavior/suicide compared with the general population. Recent literature suggests that antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used to treat epilepsy, pain, and psychiatric disorders increase the risk of suicide and that this increased risk may be AED selective. This case analyzes a suicide attempt on a video/EEG telemetry unit. Specific risk factors associated with increased risk of suicidal behaviors pertinent to this case are reviewed: epilepsy, multiple psychiatric diagnoses including affective disorder, AEDs, PNES, prior medically serious suicide attempt, and suicide attempt within the past month. Specific psychometric rating scales to screen for both psychiatric illness and suicide risk and psychiatric assessment should be integral components of the evaluation and treatment of patients on video/EEG telemetry units.