cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Central Line Guidewire Entrapment With an Inferior Vena Cava Filter

Introduction. Guidewire entrapment with an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter during internal jugular vein central line placement is a rare complication. The diagnosis is made by abdominal X-ray or fluoroscopy, and in the majority of cases, the guidewire is removed by interventional radiology, seldom requiring operative removal. Objective. To describe a case of diagnosing central line guidewire entrapment with an IVC by bedside ultrasound. Data source/Case summary. During the placement of a central venous catheter (CVC) in a 63-year-old man—on postoperative day 7 from small bowel resection with presumed peripherally inserted central catheter sepsis—the authors were unable to remove the guidewire. Bedside ultrasound was used to quickly identify the guidewire entrapment down the IVC to the IVC filter. Conclusion. Bedside ultrasound may aid in the diagnosis and expedite the management of guidewire entrapment with IVC filter, which is on the CVC placement complications.
Effects of the microstructure and porosity on properties of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM)

Electron beam melting (EBM) is a metal powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (AM) technology that makes possible the fabrication of three-dimensional near-net-shaped parts directly from computer models. EBM technology has been continuously evolving, optimizing the properties and the microstructure of the as-fabricated alloys. Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitials) titanium alloy is the most widely used and studied alloy for this technology and is the focus of this work. Several research works have been completed to study the mechanisms of microstructure formation, evolution, and its subsequent influence on mechanical properties of the alloy. However, the relationship is not completely understood, and more systematic research work is necessary in order to attain a better understanding of these features. In this work, samples fabricated at different locations, orientations, and distances from the build platform have been characterized, studying the relationship of these variables with the resulting material intrinsic characteristics and properties (surface topography, microstructure, porosity, micro-hardness and static mechanical properties). This study has revealed that porosity is the main factor controlling mechanical properties relative to the other studied variables. Therefore, in future process development, decreasing the porosity should be considered the primary goal in order to improve mechanical properties.
The Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Colonization in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), plasmid-mediated AmpCs (pAmpCs), and carbapenemases (“MDR Enterobacteriaceae”) colonizing children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING 40-bed PICU. METHODS Admission and weekly thereafter rectal surveillance swabs were collected on all pediatric patients during a 6-month study period. Routine phenotypic identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed. Enterobacteriaceae displaying characteristic resistance profiles underwent further molecular characterization to identify genetic determinants of resistance likely to be transmitted on mobile genetic elements and to evaluate relatedness of strains including DNA microarray, multilocus sequence typing, repetitive sequence-based PCR, and hsp60 sequencing typing. RESULTS Evaluating 854 swabs from unique children, the overall prevalence of colonization with an MDR Enterobacteriaceae upon admission to the PICU based on β-lactamase gene identification was 4.3% (n=37), including 2.8% ESBLs (n=24), 1.3% pAmpCs (n=11), and 0.2% carbapenemases (n=2). Among 157 pediatric patients contributing 603 subsequent weekly swabs, 6 children (3.8%) acquired an incident MDR Enterobacteriaceae during their PICU stay. One child acquired a pAmpC ( E. coli containing bla DHA ) related to an isolate from another patient. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 4% of children admitted to a PICU were colonized with MDR Enterobacteriaceae (based on β-lactamase gene identification) and an additional 4% of children who remained in the PICU for at least 1 week acquired 1 of these organisms during their PICU stay. The acquired MDR Enterobacteriaceae were relatively heterogeneous, suggesting that a single source was not responsible for the introduction of these resistance mechanisms into the PICU setting. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:535–543
Heating Curve Models of Quarantine Treatments Against Insect Pests

Mathematical expressions were examined as descriptive models for internal heating in agricultural commodities subjected to thermal quarantine treatments. Neither the linearized nor the accumulation models were appropriate. Only models representing negative exponential and logistic growth curves were accurate for predicting internal commodity temperatures during heat treatments. These were reliable regardless of type, shape, or size of commodity, and type of treatment. Such descriptive models allow comparisons among treatments and assist in the development of quarantine procedures.
Accuracy of HIV Screening Results in Linying County of Henan Province

[Objective]To evaluate the accuracy trend of HIV screening results in Linying County of Henan Province.[Methods]The HIV antibody screening results from Linying County CDC HIV screening laboratories during 2005-2010 were analyzed.[Results]A total of 3 263 person-time were detected for HIV antibody in 6 years,344 were positive in prescreening,284 were positive in recheck,257 were conformed as HIV antibody positive.True positive rate of prescreening increased from 58.2% in 2005 to 86.7% in 2010,that of recheck decreased from 25.5% to 13.3% in 2010.[Conclusion]The accuracy of HIV antibody screening by HIV screening laboratories shows obvious upward tendency.
Variability of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Measurements Made Using a Flexible-Wall Permeameter

A study was conducted following the procedures in ASTM E691-14 (Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method) to develop a precision statement for hydraulic conductivity measurement of fine-grained soils using Method C (falling head, rising tailwater elevation) of ASTM D5084-10 (Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter). Twelve laboratories conducted tests on three replicate specimens of three fine-grained soils (9 specimens total per laboratory) from the ASTM Reference Soils Program: Soil ML (silt), Soil CL (low plasticity clay), and Soil CH (high plasticity clay). The data indicated that the measurement variability for hydraulic conductivity is modest but not negligible, and probably contributes to the spatial variability reported in past studies of hydraulic conductivity. No systematic relationships were observed between variability in hydraulic conductivity and testing time (consolidation, permeation), backpressure, B-coefficient achieved at end of consolidation, compliance with the termination criteria, or specimen compaction conditions. Many laboratories did not comply with the test standard or the supplemental instructions, which may indicate that greater oversight of geotechnical laboratories is needed via accreditation and auditing programs. Analysis of the data indicate that hydraulic conductivity can be measured using Method C of ASTM D5084 within a factor of 2 for the 10–6 cm/s range, a factor of 1.5 for the 10–8 cm/s range, and a factor of 4 for the 10–9 cm/s range.
Assessing uncertainty in the profitability of prairie biomass production with ecosystem service compensation

Abstract Compensation for ecosystem services can encourage the management of agricultural systems for a broad range of benefits beyond crop production. Here we explore how payments for carbon sequestration and phosphorus retention affect the profitability and economic competitiveness of perennial herbaceous biomass. We consider the case of converting marginal land currently in corn and soy production in southern Minnesota, United States, to native diverse prairie grown as a biofuel feedstock. We estimate the resulting changes in soil carbon storage and water quality, and the economic value of both. To test the robustness of our results, we perform Monte Carlo simulations that incorporate variability and uncertainty in our model parameters. Our analyses show that prairie biomass production on marginal lands is 22% likely to be profitable when ecosystem service compensation is included, but only 5% when it is not. This suggests that the two ecosystem services modeled here may alone be insufficient to make prairie biomass production reliably profitable. Furthermore, by using ranges of model parameters rather than point estimates, this study shows that the profitability gap between conventional row crops and prairie is too large to be closed with the two services modeled here across a range of recent economic conditions.
Triceps Tendon Ruptures: A Systematic Review

Background: Triceps tendon ruptures (TTR) are an uncommon injury. The aim of this systematic review was to classify diagnostic signs, report outcomes and rerupture rates, and identify potential predisposing risk factors in all reported cases of surgical treated TTR. Methods: A literature search collecting surgical treated cases of TTR was performed, identifying 175 articles, 40 of which met inclusion criteria, accounting for 262 patients. Data were pooled and analyzed focusing on medical comorbidities, presence of a fleck fracture on the preoperative lateral elbow x-ray film (Dunn-Kusnezov Sign [DKS]), outcomes, and rerupture rates. Results: The average age of injury was 45.6 years. The average time from injury to day of surgery was 24 days while 10 patients had a delay in diagnosis of more than 1 month. Renal disease (10%) and anabolic steroid use (7%) were the 2 most common medical comorbidities. The DKS was present in 61% to 88% of cases on the lateral x-ray film. Postoperatively, 89% of patients retur...
Compressive optical imaging using a multi-core fiber and spatially dependent scattering

We demonstrate two-dimensional compressive image reconstruction from spatially-encoded illumination patterns generated by spatially-dependent scattering from a ground glass diffuser at the distal end of a multi-core fiber.
How Much Cerebrospinal Fluid Should We Remove Prior to Measuring a Closing Pressure

Objective:The objective of this study was to identify a relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume removal and change in CSF pressure in children with suspected idiopathic intracranial h...
A Machine Learning Approach for Fault Detection in Vehicular Cyber-Physical Systems

A network of vehicular cyber-physical systems (VCPSs) can use wireless communications to interact with each other and the surrounding environment to improve transportation safety, mobility, and sustainability. However, cloud-oriented architectures are vulnerable to cyber attacks, which may endanger passenger and pedestrian safety and privacy, and cause severe property damage. For instance, a hacker can use message falsification attack to affect functionality of a particular application in a platoon of VCPSs. In this paper, a neural network-based fault detection technique is applied to detect and track fault data injection attacks on the cooperative adaptive cruise control layer of a platoon of connected vehicles in real time. A decision support system was developed to reduce the probability and severity of any consequent accident. A case study with its design specifications is demonstrated in detail. The simulation results show that the proposed method can improve system reliability, robustness, and safety.
Direct stick embolization of extremity arteriovenous malformations with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer.

Direct stick embolization (DSE) of high-flow peripheral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has previously been reported using n-butyl cyanoacrylate and ethanol. The use of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx; Covidien, Plymouth, Minn) through this delivery route has been extremely limited, particularly in the peripheral interventional realm, owing to concerns about technique and conduit for delivery, skin discoloration, and ulceration. We describe three patients with relatively focal, symptomatic, congenital high-flow AVMs of the upper and lower extremity treated successfully by multifaceted approaches including transvenous coil embolization of the nidus venous outflow, transarterial embolization, and DSE of the AVM nidus with Onyx. Successful delivery of Onyx into the AVM nidus was achieved without nontarget embolization. Sustained symptomatic relief without recurrence or associated complications was achieved at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months of follow-up. Nidus embolization is a key technical maneuver for optimal treatment of high-flow AVMs, although it is not always easily achievable by the transarterial route in more extensive, convoluted angioarchitectural varieties. With appropriate technical considerations and precautionary measures, Onyx can be safely and effectively delivered through DSE into the AVM nidus with satisfactory short-term and midterm clinical outcomes. This maneuver expands the armamentarium of the treating vascular surgeon facing complicated peripheral AVMs.
Hydrophobic Nanoparticles Reduce the β-Sheet Content of SEVI Amyloid Fibrils and Inhibit SEVI-Enhanced HIV Infectivity

Semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) fibrils are naturally abundant amyloid aggregates found in semen that facilitate viral attachment and internalization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in cells, thereby increasing the probability of infection. Mature SEVI fibrils are composed of aggregated peptides exhibiting high β-sheet secondary structural characteristics. Herein, we show that polymers containing hydrophobic side chains can interact with SEVI and reduce its β-sheet content by ∼45% compared with the β-sheet content of SEVI in the presence of polymers with hydrophilic side chains, as estimated by polarization modulation-infrared reflectance absorption spectroscopy measurements. A nanoparticle (NP) formulation of this hydrophobic polymer reduced SEVI-mediated HIV infection in TMZ-bl cells by 60% compared with the control treatment. Although these NPs lacked specific amyloid-targeting groups, thus requiring high concentrations to observe biological activity, the use of hydrophobic interactions to alter the secondary structure of amyloids represents a useful approach to neutralizing the SEVI function. These results could, therefore, have general implications in the design of novel materials that can modify the activity of amyloids associated with a variety of other neurological and systemic diseases.
HOSPITALIZATION BURDEN OF DIASTOLIC HEART FAILURE IN THE UNITED STATES: 2007-2012

Introduction: Diastolic heart failure is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and financial burden in the United States. However, recent nationwide trends in healthcare resource utilization and in-hospital outcomes are sparse. Methods: National Inpatient Sample database 2007-2012, from Healthcare
The effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonist and a gastrin-releasing peptide antagonist on intimal hyperplasia of the carotid artery after balloon injury in a diabetic rat model

Abstract Introduction Arterial restenosis after angioplasty/stenting has hindered coronary artery disease treatment, especially in diabetics. We theorized that gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) antagonists and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) antagonists might decrease neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis in diabetic rats after common carotid arterial balloon injury. Methods Two separate experiments were conducted to test the effects of a GRP antagonist (RC-3095) and a GHRH antagonist (MZ-4-71) on vascular smooth muscle (VSM) growth. In a preliminary in vitro experiment non-injured human aortic vascular smooth muscle (VSM) proliferation was compared between growth media and control. In a second in vivo experiment, intimal and medial area, intima/media ratio (IM) and percent stenosis were compared between injured carotid arteries in twelve Zucker type II obese rats treated with subcutaneously injected RC-3095, MZ-4-71, or control media. Results In the in vitro experiment, decreased VSM cell growth was observed in GRP antagonist (p Conclusions The significant decrease in both IM ratio and percent area of stenosis in the GHRH antagonist group supports the hypothesis that this peptide may reduce neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis.
Carbon: Nitrogen: Phosphorus stoichiometry in fungi: A meta-analysis

Surveys of carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus ratios are available now for major groups of biota and for various aquatic and terrestrial biomes. However, while fungi play an important role in nutrient cycling in ecosystems, relatively little is known about their C:N:P stoichiometry and how it varies across taxonomic groups, functional guilds, and environmental conditions. Here we present the first systematic compilation of C:N:P data for fungi including four phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Glomeromycota, and Zygomycota). The C, N, and P contents (percent of dry mass) of fungal biomass varied from 38% to 57%, 0.23% to 15%, and 0.040% to 5.5%, respectively. Median C:N:P stoichiometry for fungi was 250:16:1 (molar), remarkably similar to the canonical Redfield values. However, we found extremely broad variation in fungal C:N:P ratios around the central tendencies in C:N:P ratios. Lower C:P and N:P ratios were found in Ascomycota fungi than in Basidiomycota fungi while significantly lower C:N ratios (p<0.05) and higher N:P ratios (p<0.01) were found in ectomycorrhizal fungi than in saprotrophs. Furthermore, several fungal stoichiometric ratios were strongly correlated with geographic and abiotic environmental factors, especially latitude, precipitation, and temperature. The results have implications for understanding the roles that fungi play in function in symbioses and in soil nutrient cycling. Further work is needed on the effects of actual in situ growth conditions of fungal growth on stoichiometry in the mycelium.
Adapting Perception, Action, and Technology for Mathematical Reasoning:

Formal mathematical reasoning provides an illuminating test case for understanding how humans can think about things that they did not evolve to comprehend. People engage in algebraic reasoning by ...
Axisymmetric Deflections of Shallow Conical Shells

Axially symmetric deflections and snap-through of shallow conical shells are treated by means of numerical methods. The boundary value problem for moderately large deflections of a truncated conical shell is replaced by a nonlinear integral equation. Numerical results are obtained by means of successive approximations. The assumptions and results are compared with those of previous approximations.
Mesoamerican Color Survey Digital Archive

Kimberly A. Jameson, Nathan A. Benjamin, Stephanie M. Chang, Prutha S. Deshpande, Sergio Gago, Ian G. Harris, Yang Jiao and Sean Tauber Institute for Mathematical Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA Calit2, Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Calit2, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
Comment on John Weeks’s 2018 David M. Gordon Memorial Lecture: The Political Contradictions of Capitalism:

This comment reflects upon the political contradictions of capitalism in the light of John Weeks’s essay on “Free Markets and the Decline of Democracy.”JEL Classification: B5, P1
Characteristics of Human Leukocyte Receptors for Leukotrienes

ABSTRACT In these studies we describe the LTB4, receptor, the interaction of LTB4, and LTC4, with respect to chemotaxis and modulation of this interaction by the eosinophil.
Multi-enzymatic Systems for the Production of Chiral Compounds

Two multi-enzymatic systems for the production of optically active compounds are discussed. One is a system for deracemization via enzymatic stereoinversion useful for chiral 1,2-diol synthesis, which involves stereoselective oxidation and stereoselective reduction using an alcohol dehydrogenase and reductase with opposite stereospecificities. The recycling of NAD+ was carried out by a water-forming NADH oxidase. The recycling of NADPH was carried out by an NADPH-dependent glucose dehydrogenase. The recombinant Escherichia coli capable of overproducing the four enzymes was constructed for purposes of generating catalysts useful for the deracemization of racemic diols. Optically active 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol and (S)-1,2-pentanediol could be prepared by using the recombinant E. coli cells in a one-pot reaction with high yield. Second is a transamination system for chiral secondary amine synthesis. Two novel bacterial ω-transaminases capable of catalyzing a stereoselective transamination between a ketone and amine were discovered by enrichment culturing. An (R)-specific ω-transaminase was isolated from a microorganism and characterized, and the relevant gene was cloned. Addition of lactate dehydrogenase into the transaminase reaction mixture was effective at increasing the yield by ensuring the reversibility of the reaction. A recombinant E. coli system capable of overproducing the ω-transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose dehydrogenase used for regenerating NADH was constructed. By using the recombinant enzyme systems, various kinds of useful optically active amines could be prepared in good yields and high optical purity without using high-pressure and high-temperature conditions.
Continuous Deposition Of Photovoltaic Grade CdS Sheet at the Unit Operations Scale

Uniform photovoltaic grade CdS sheet has been reproducibly deposited on a continuously moving flexible substrate in a reel to reel vacuum coater. Materials characterization by scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence, and resistivity revealed that continuously deposited CdS is essentially equivalent to material that was deposited for making high efficiency Cu2S/CdS cells in the laboratory scale process. Cells made using continuously deposited CdS sheet had efficiencies as high as 7.85%.
Disparity in the use of adjuvant radioactive iodine ablation among high-risk papillary thyroid cancer patients.

Abstract Background We sought to identify treatment disparities existing prior to publication of the 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines in order to identify patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) at risk for receiving inadequate treatment. Methods Patients diagnosed with PTC from 2011 to 2013 were identified using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. High-risk disease was defined as T4, N1, or M1. Chi-square tests compared characteristics of patients with and without high-risk disease and characteristics of high-risk patients who did and did not receive radioactive iodine ablation (RAI). Likelihoods of having high-risk disease, of receiving RAI, and of cause-specific death were calculated using regression analyses. Results Sample included 32,229 individuals; 7894 (24.5%) had high-risk disease. Mean age was 50.0 years, 24,815 (77.0%) were female, and 21,318 (66.2%) were white. Odds of high-risk disease were greater among males (OR:2.04; 95% CI:1.92–2.16), Hispanics (OR:1.67; 95% CI:1.56–1.79) and Asians (OR:1.49; 95% CI:1.37–1.62), and uninsured (OR:1.24; 95% CI:1.07–1.43), and lower among patients ages 45–64 (OR:0.57; 95% CI:0.53–0.60), and ≥65 years (OR:0.54; 95% CI:0.50–0.59), and Blacks (OR:0.46; 95% CI:0.40–0.53). Most (69.3%) high-risk patients received RAI. Odds of receiving RAI were lower among patients age ≥65 years (OR:0.67; 95% CI:0.58–0.77), uninsured (OR:0.52; 95% CI:0.41–0.67), or with Medicaid (OR:0.58; 95% CI:0.50–0.69). RAI use reduced the risk of cause-specific mortality (HR:0.29; 95% CI:0.18–0.47). Conclusion Knowledge of these treatment disparities will allow recognition of groups at risk for high-risk disease and receiving inadequate treatment.
Exploring the Overlap Between Procedural-Justice Principles and Emotion Regulation in the Courtroom

Extensive research shows that adherence to procedural-justice principles by law-enforcement officers and judges leads to greater compliance with orders, a greater sense of the legitimacy, and greater overall satisfaction. The main principles leading to positive views of procedural justice in this research are voice (allowing participants to be heard), neutrality (applying neutral rules transparently), respect (treating participants with dignity while respecting their rights), and trustworthiness (appearing sincere and caring). Separate research on emotion regulation suggests ways in which judges may successfully regulate their own emotions and those of other courtroom participants. Several threads in these separate fields suggest potential overlap and areas for further research. There are many ways in which good procedural-justice practices are also recommended practices for emotion regulation. Scholars in the emerging emotion-regulation field could gain greater awareness of their work by exploring ties to procedural justice, which is more often being included in judicial education. Extensas investigaciones han demostrado que la alineacion de jueces y de oficiales encargados de aplicar la ley con los principios de justicia procesal conduce a un mejor cumplimiento de las ordenes, un mayor sentido de legitimidad y mayor satisfaccion general. Los principios mas importantes que llevan a una vision positiva de la justicia procesal, en esta investigacion, son la voz, la neutralidad, el respeto y la confianza (ser sincero y atento). Distintas investigaciones sobre la regulacion de las emociones indican formas en que los jueces pueden regular adecuadamente sus emociones y las de los participantes en la sala. Hay muchas formas en las que buenas practicas de justicia procesal son tambien practicas recomendadas para regular emociones. Los academicos del area naciente de la regulacion de emociones podrian adquirir una mayor conciencia de su trabajo al explorar la relacion con la justicia procesal, que ahora se incluye cada vez mas en la formacion judicial. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1068
Longitudinal Panretinal Leakage and Ischemic Indices in Retinal Vascular Disease after Aflibercept Therapy: The PERMEATE Study.

Purpose To characterize the longitudinal panretinal retinal vascular dynamics in diabetic macular edema (DME) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) over a 12-month period while being treated with intravitreal aflibercept injections (IAIs). Design Prospective open-label study ( clinicaltrials.gov identifier, NCT02503540 ). Participants Thirty-one treatment-naive eyes with foveal-involving retinal edema secondary to DME and RVO. Methods Participants received 2 mg IAI every 4 weeks for the first 6 months, followed by 2 mg every 8 weeks. Ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFA; California Optos [Optos, Dunfermline, United Kingdom]) and spectral-domain OCT (Cirrus; Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) scans were obtained and analyzed using a novel quantitative assessment platform. Visual acuity, central subfield thickness, and adverse events also were collected. Main Outcome Measures The primary end point was the mean change in panretinal leakage index at month 12 from baseline as measured by UWFA. Results Mean age was 67.1 years. At month 12, visual acuity significantly improved by a mean of 18.4±21.4 letters (P Conclusions Intravitreal aflibercept injections resulted in a dramatic reduction in panretinal leakage index. Panretinal ischemic index did not improve and trended toward worsening.
Genome Resource for the Huanglongbing Causal Agent ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ Strain AHCA17 from Citrus Root Tissue in California, USA

‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ is the unculturable causative agent of citrus huanglongbing disease. Here, we report the first citrus root metagenome sequence containing the draft genome of ‘Ca...
High School Experiences and Support Recommendations of Autistic Youth

We used an online survey to gather perspectives of autistic youth (n = 248) on the impacts of autism, school professionals, family members, and peers on their high school experiences; what each stakeholder group could have done better; and what future high school professionals and autistic youth should know. Two-thirds of participants viewed autism as negatively impacting their school experience, and this was more prevalent in women. The majority viewed impacts of school professionals, family, and peers as positive. Women were more likely to view school professional contributions as positive than men, and LGBT youth were more likely to view school professional and peer contributions as negative than non-LGBT youth. Suggestions for stakeholders included providing more help, care, and quality time.
Residency and dispersal of three sportfish species from a coastal marine reserve: Insights from a regional-scale acoustic telemetry network

Abstract Understanding the movements of adult fish around marine reserves is central to evaluating the importance of these areas to conservation but is difficult to quantify in many coastal settings. We used a 300 km long passive acoustic telemetry network to measure site fidelity and dispersal distances of adult red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), black drum (Pogonias cromis), and spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) tagged within two estuarine no-take zones at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA. Seventy-eight tagged fish were tracked an average of 549 days with some individuals followed for over four years. Fish spent most of their total time at liberty inside no-take zones with a mean residency of 125–178 consecutive days after release, and 67%–95% of their total time, depending on species. Sixty-four individuals (82%) also utilized adjacent public waters, dispersing up to 650 km, although dispersal rates averaged less than 0.10 km day−1 for all three species. Red drum and black drum movements across reserve boundaries were clearly bi-directional with individuals averaging 4 and 30 excursions per year, respectively, into fished areas. Both species spent more time outside reserve boundaries during their reproductive periods, suggesting that these no-take zones protect individuals that subsequently spawn over a wider geographic area. Our findings demonstrate that coastal marine reserves have the potential to provide substantial protection for highly mobile non-reef fishes. They further suggest that reserves designed to safeguard fish during non-reproductive periods may be most practical for estuarine species whose home ranges increase during spawning seasons.
Psycho-Social Correlates of Opioid Use Disorder among the US Adult Population: Evidence from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015-2018.

The United States (US) has experienced an opioid epidemic over the last two decades. Drug overdose deaths increased by 21% from 2015 to 2016, with two-thirds of these deaths attributed to opioid us...
Engaging patients and families in pediatric radiology

While patient and family-centered care (PFCC) is currently a hot topic in medicine, it has long been a specific focus of pediatrics. The concept of PFCC includes a change in culture where physicians and patients move away from paternalism and instead view patients and families as partners in care. Although there are many ways in which adult-focused radiologists can learn from pediatric radiologists as leaders in PFCC, there remain many opportunities for improvement for all radiologists.
Governance in Imperial County and Mexicali at the U.S.–Mexico Border during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the lives of those living in the United States–Mexico border. From the Imperial Valley–Mexicali region, along the California– Baja California border, we find two interesting cases in public management that were impacted by the border population—medical care and informal importation of consumer goods. A lack of federal policy and guidance to improve the quality of life for people in the region leads us to rethink the role of governments and governance in the border region.
Regional Anesthesia is Underutilized for Carotid Endarterectomy Despite Improved Perioperative Outcomes Compared with General Anesthesia.

Background The choice of anesthetic for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) continues to be controversial. Recent literature suggests improved outcomes with the use of regional anesthesia (RA) compared with general anesthesia (GA). The objective of this study was to examine the utilization and outcomes of RA for CEA using a national database. Methods The targeted CEA files of the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2011–2017) were reviewed. Patients were stratified based on anesthesia type into RA and GA, and patients’ characteristics were compared between the 2 groups. The outcomes of CEA under GA and RA were compared after 2:1 propensity matching. Results There were 26,206 CEAs, and 14% (n = 3,664) were performed under RA, with no change in relative utilization during the study period (P = 0.557). Patients treated under RA were more likely to be older than 65 years (80.6% vs. 75.8%; P Conclusions CEA performed under RA is associated with improved outcomes compared with GA. RA is underutilized in carotid surgery, and strategies to optimize its use are needed.
The Long-Term Effect of Bleeding for Limulus Amebocyte Lysate on Annual Survival and Recapture of Tagged Horseshoe Crabs

In the U.S., 525,000 horseshoe crabs per year have been captured during 2013-2017, brought to biomedical facilities, and bled to produce Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL), then mostly released to the area of capture. The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission estimates short-term bleeding-induced mortality to be 15% (4% to 30%), resulting in mortality of approximately 78,750 annually in recent years comprising a minor portion (<13%) of the up to one million annual coastwide landings dominated by harvest for bait. However, the long-term effect of bleeding for LAL on annual survival and spawning behavior is unknown; thus, results from short-term studies alone might underestimate bleeding effects at the population level. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife horseshoe crab tagging database to estimate the differences in survival and recapture rates of bled and not bled horseshoe crabs tagged in the same years and geographic area. Contrary to expectation, survival was not lower for bled crabs compared to unbled crabs. Differences varied, but survival estimates tended to be higher for bled crabs than for unbled crabs. However, biomedical culling and selection for younger or healthier animals could have resulted in biomedically tagged individuals representing a healthier subset of the overall population with subsequent higher survival. Furthermore, the tagging analysis indicated a post-bleeding reduction in spawning behavior, evident in males more than females. Continued tagging of bled and unbled crabs in the same geographic area while recording age class and sex will contribute to the further resolution of LAL production's effect on horseshoe crab populations.
Do Caregivers’ Health Conditions Impact Children’s Externalizing Behavior? The Roles of Caregivers’ Parenting Frustration and Family Cohesion

The present study aimed to explore whether caregivers’ parental frustration mediates the relationship between parental health and children’s externalizing behaviors and whether family cohesion potentially moderates this association. Data were derived from the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH), and the total sample for the study included 50,212 adults. We tested the association between caregivers’ parental health and children’s externalizing behavior and whether parental frustration mediated the association between caregivers’ parental health and children’s externalizing behaviors. We performed a Sobel test to determine if the mediation was significant. To test the moderator, we conducted hierarchical multiple regression analyses to explore the interaction effect between caregivers’ parental health and family cohesiveness on children’s externalizing problems. We found a positive association between poor health conditions of caregivers and children’s externalizing behavior. Our findings also showed that parental frustration mediated the association between caregivers’ health conditions and children’s externalizing behavior. And finally, family cohesion was found to moderate the association between caregivers’ health conditions and children’s externalizing behavior. Our findings suggest that to prevent or address children’s externalizing behaviors, it is necessary to improve parental health, increase family cohesion, and reduce parental frustration.
Secondary special education co-teachers in the United States and specialised reading instruction for adolescents with disabilities

When secondary students with disabilities are in co-taught classes, they still need to receive specialised reading instruction when it is stipulated on their Individualised Education Program. Howev...
Experimental models for the modification of human drug self-administration

Experimental studies of human ethanol self-administration are reviewed, and a description is provided of the procedural evolution that has occurred in the experimental study of the determinants of human ethanol self-administration. Human experimental models of alcoholism have been established within residential laboratories which permit chronic availability of ethanol to volunteer alcoholic subjects. Experimentation within such environments has progressed from observational and descriptive studies of experimental intoxication to studies that manipulate experimental variables so as to modify (reduce) ethanol self-administration by alcoholic subjects. To observe systematic effects of manipulated variables it has been necessary to develop sensitive baselines of ethanol self-administration. When ethanol intake has been relatively unrestricted, wide spontaneous fluctuations have made difficult the evaluation of manipulated variables. When a variety of restrictions on ethanol availability have been imposed, sensitive self-administration baselines have been established which have permitted the direct experimental assessment of some of the determinants of ethanol self-administration. Six methodological principles are suggested for enhancing the information yield of future research on the determinants of ethanol self-administration. The same general methodology is suggested for research with other varieties of drug self-administration.—Bigelow, G., R. Griffiths and I. Liebson. Experimental models for the modification of human drug self-administration: methodological developments in the study of ethanol self-administration by alcoholics. Federation Proc. 34: 1785-1792, 1975.
On overgroups of regular abelian p-groups

Let G be a transitive group of odd prime-power degree whose Sylow p -subgroup P is abelian with t elementary divisors. We show that if p > 2 t − 1 , then G has a normal subgroup that is a direct product of t permutation groups of smaller degree that are either cyclic or doubly-transitive simple groups. As a consequence, we determine the full automorphism group of a Cayley digraph of an abelian group with two elementary divisors such that the Sylow p -subgroup of the full automorphism group is abelian.
Abstract 4404: CSF-1R signaling drives mesothelioma stemness and chemoresistance

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Clinical management of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is very challenging because of the uncommon resistance of the tumor to chemotherapy. We started from the observation that 7/7 mesothelioma cell lines tested expressed both the Colony Stimulating Factor Receptor-1 and its -ligands CSF-1 and IL-34, a signaling module mainly characterized in hematopoietic cell subpopulations. Pemetrexed and cisplatin treatment did not affect the number of mesothelioma CSF1R-expressing cells. Additionally, interference with CSF1R expression or function significantly abrogated the resistance of these cells to pemetrexed, suggesting the involvement of CSF-1R signaling in mediating chemoresistance of mesothelioma. This prompted us to isolate and characterize the CSF-1Rpos cells and we found that the purified cells expressed a complex repertoire of pluripotency markers, EMT factors and chemoresistance genes. The functions of the CSF-1R expressing MPM cells relied on the autocrine production of CSF-1 and IL-34, whose downregulation affected the viability of the purified cells. We identified AKT, NFkB and STAT3 activation as distinct features of the CSF-1Rpos cells. We showed that all three pathways contributed to the survival of the CSF1Rpos cells, with AKT exerting the most relevant effects. The forced activation of CSF-1R in untransformed mesothelial cells was sufficient to confer clonogenicity and resistance to pemetrexed, typical feature of transformed mesothelial cells. Furthermore, this induced a gene expression profile very similar to that observed in the FACS sorted CSF-1Rpos cells, suggesting a causal relationship between CSF-1R activation and cell transformation. Active AKT signaling contributed to increased levels of nuclear β-catenin in the CSF-1R expressing cells. Inhibition of AKT reduced the transcriptional activity of β-catenin dependent reporters and sensitized the CSF-1Rpos cells to pemetrexed-induced senescence, thereby reversing the resistance of the CSF1Rpos cells to pemetrexed. This correlated with downregulation of c-MYC, a functional CSF-1R target, and upregulation of p21. Finally, we recapitulated the main findings in primary mesothelioma cultures, which exhibited long-term surviving, chemoresistant CSF-1Rpos cells of mesothelial nature and sensitive to CSF-1R inhibition. This work expands what is known on the non-macrophage functions of CSF-1R and its role in solid tumors, suggests that CSF-1R signaling may have a critical pathogenic role in malignant pleural mesothelioma and therefore may represent a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: Mario Cioce, Claudia Canino, Chandra Goparaju, Haining Yang, Michele Carbone, Harvey I. Pass. CSF-1R signaling drives mesothelioma stemness and chemoresistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4404. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4404
Partnerships: the engaged university and library publishing

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to delineate a model of library publishing, the library as publishing partner, that reflects the diversity of institutions in higher education. Design/methodology/approach – The model is based on a particular case, but also on the integration of literature on institutional theory, emerging scholarships and library science. Findings – The paper argues that increasing diversity in higher education requires us to think creatively and strategically about different models for library publishing. The library as publishing partner model is presented as an alternative to a one-size-fits-all model based on the experience of research institutions. Research limitations/implications – The library as publishing partner model is intended to spark further research and conversations about models for other institutional types. Practical implications – The library as publishing partner model has potential applications at other public comprehensive institutions (or those with similar m...
A Review of “Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the science”

“There is no such thing as a little garlic,” author Eric Block quotes Arthur Baer in Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science. A flip through this 454-page book on the chemistry of garlic...
Deep-Draft Navigation on the Great Lakes

This paper describes the character and scope of studies undertaken by the Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, for the present program for deepening the connecting channels and harbors to serve adequately the modern bulk cargo vessel fleet on the Great Lakes and also to determine navigation improvements required at Great Lakes harbors to accommodate vessel traffic through the St. Lawrence Seaway.
Spatial distribution and larval behavior of Glyptotendipes lobiferus (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Larval Glyptotendipes lobiferus (Say) (Diptera: Chironomidae) colonized diatom-covered artificial substrates and grazed the periphyton around their fixed retreats. Nearest neighbor analysis of tube distribution indicated that at the densities observed (ca. 2500–8000 m-2), tubes were either randomly distributed or aggregated. When inhabited tubes were approached by errant conspecifics (intruders), 92.5% of the inhabitants exhibited a set of seemingly defensive behaviors; (1) placing head near position of intruder; (2) beginning lateral abdominal contractions; and (3) partially exiting the tube to bite intruder if the disturbance persisted. Intruders retreated from a tube during 50.0% of the observed encounters after the inhabitant began the abdominal contractions. Inhabitants successfully defended their tubes from intruders during 80.0% of the encounters, and intruders usurped the inhabitants' tubes 20.0% of the time. The battery of responses executed by tube-inhabiting larvae towards intruders appears to be an efficient progression of behaviors, as the abdominal contractions deterred many intruders without putting the inhabitant at physical risk. When errant larvae were placed in the presence of tube-inhabiting conspecifics, they grazed comparatively fewer diatoms than controls with no conspecifics, but the difference was not significant. We suggest that the behaviors exhibited by tube-inhabiting larvae appear to be an adaptation for defending tubes against conspecifics when larval densities are high.
Strings and Causality

One of the early concerns in quantum field theory was causality — can one ensure that measurements at spacelike separation do not interfere? General issues of this type were important in the days when little was understood about the underlying dynamics of particle interactions; the hope was to place constraints on the types of allowed dynamics and interactions on the basis of cherished tenets of kinematics. There were in fact two ways to approach the problem. First, one could take the point of view that only the results of scattering experiments had physical content; then causal behavior means that the scattered wave cannot reach the detector before the incident wave strikes the target. We might describe this as global causality, and it is obeyed by tachyon-free string theory S-matrices. However there is a second, local version of causality, which asks whether local measurements commute at spacelike separation. Local causality ensures global causality in ordinary field theory, and typically one can construct global violations from local ones, so it would seem that the two are equivalent. But in quantum field theory the local question is more fundamental, and can be resolved without solving any complicated global problem such as long-distance signal propagation. Local causality rests on the universal properties of field theory, e.g. that any manifold locally looks the same, rather than their implementation in any particular spacetime background. For instance we can be sure that an interacting scalar field propagating in a Schwarzschild geometry obeys the axioms of local field theory without having to solve for the full S-matrix of the problem.