cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding Viability of Pathogens During Disinfection

Municipal wastewater is the largest reservoir of enterobacteria (total coliforms) and a host of other microorganisms. Wastewater also harbors a range of pathogenic, opportunistic pathogenic, and nonpathogenic species. The public health significance of this reservoir may depend upon the physiological status of the wastewater microbial community. Viability and culturability are integral aspects of bacterial physiology but their relationship in the context of wastewater processing and disinfection are poorly understood. While culturable microbes must be viable, viable organisms may not be culturable, but they can retain metabolic activity, membrane integrity, and the capacity to resume culturability (growth). The ability of an organism to be cultured can be a variable trait. Transient loss of culturability precipitated by disinfection would confound containment assessment and pathogen control. To better understand the relationship between coliform physiology and disinfection, culture-independent methods are necessary. Such methods can avoid culture-bias and the loss of information reflecting the in situ experience of resident organisms. While the relationship between viable but not culturable bacterial pathogens to public health risk is important, it remains poorly understood and outside the scope of the current study. In this study, two culture independent methods were used to examine in situ coliform physiology and taxonomic identity during wastewater processing and disinfection. The protein profiling method employed fluor-coupled coliform-specific antibodies and demonstrated that biological treatment regimens produce physiologically different coliform communities readily distinguished by their sensitivity to disinfection. A new culture-independent method called mRNA profiling was developed using fluor-coupled DNA probes to simultaneously assess wastewater coliform physiology and taxonomic identity. The mRNA profiling method demonstrated that fecal coliforms resident in chlorinated secondary treated wastewater could be resuscitated and comprised a significant fraction of the coliform community. The project findings together with current treatment strategies may increase treatment plant performance, realize reduce wastewater coliforms content and minimize release of disinfection byproducts into receiving waters. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843397519 (eBook)
The Traumatized Not-Mother

Palko offers a comparative reading of Mary Morrissy’s Mother of Pearl and Edwidge Danticat’s Breath, Eyes, Memory to analyze the impact of state-inflicted trauma on the woman who is culturally bound by her status as potential mother, creating a psychic split that precludes successful birth and mothering. She contextualizes this reading by considering Irish and Caribbean cultural attitudes toward and theological approaches to abortion. Palko focuses in particular on Pearl/Mary and Martine, analyzing how the texts position them as potential mothers. Trauma is thus posited as an inevitable consequence of patriarchal, institutionalized motherhood, rupturing the maternal–filial bond in devastating ways, most markedly in these daughters’ psychological inability to continue their pregnancies and their resulting self-mutilation.
“What Does Weight Have to Do with It?” Parent Perceptions of Weight and Pain in a Pediatric Chronic Pain Population

Tailored pain management strategies are urgently needed for youth with co-occurring chronic pain and obesity; however, prior to developing such strategies, we need to understand parent perspectives on weight in the context of pediatric chronic pain. Participants in this study included 233 parents of patients presenting to a multidisciplinary pediatric chronic pain clinic. Parents completed a brief survey prior to their child’s initial appointment; questions addressed parents’ perceptions of their child’s weight, and their perceptions of multiple aspects of the relationship between their child’s weight and chronic pain. The majority (64%) of parents of youth with obesity accurately rated their child’s weight; this group of parents was also more concerned (p < 0.05) about their child’s weight than parents of youth with a healthy weight. However, the majority of parents of youth with obesity did not think their child’s weight contributed to his/her pain, or that weight was relevant to their child’s pain or pain treatment. Overall, only half of all parents saw discussions of weight, nutrition, and physical activity as important to treating their child’s pain. Results support the need for addressing parents’ perceptions of their child’s weight status, and educating parents about the relationship between excessive weight and chronic pain.
Israel’s Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective: Text, Archaeology, Culture, and Geoscience by Thomas E. Levy, Thomas Schneider, and William H. C. Propp

(2016). Israel’s Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective: Text, Archaeology, Culture, and Geoscience by Thomas E. Levy, Thomas Schneider, and William H. C. Propp. Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 294-297.
Patterns and Predictors of Service Utilization Among Youth With ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive Presentation.

Objective: This study examined rates and predictors of educational and mental health service utilization among youth with ADHD-predominantly inattentive presentation (ADHD-I). Method: Participants ...
Strain-induced intervortex interaction and vortex lattices in tetragonal superconductors

In superconductors with strong coupling between superconductivity and elasticity manifested in a strong dependence of transition temperature on pressure, there is an additional contribution to intervortex interactions due to the strain field generated by vortices. When vortex lines are along the $c$ axis of a tetragonal crystal, a square vortex lattice (VL) is favored at low vortex densities, because the vortex-induced strains contribution to the intervortex interactions is long range. At intermediate magnetic fields, the triangular lattice is stabilized. The triangular lattice evolves to the square lattice upon increasing magnetic field, and eventually the system locks to the square structure. We argue, however, that as magnetic field approaches the upper critical field ${H}_{c2}$ the elastic intervortex interactions disappear faster than the standard London interactions, so that VL should return to the triangular structure. Our results are compared to VLs observed in the heavy fermion superconductor ${\mathrm{CeCoIn}}_{5}$.
Traditional Pottery of Bhaktapur

In 2014, I conducted fieldwork studying traditional pottery making in Bhaktapur, Nepal. The pottery, which is made for commercial purposes today, is still produced with a traditional ash firing process. My fieldwork consisted of interviews, observations, and interactions with a traditional family of potters. I found that, while pottery production is still continuing among the Newar community, it has changed in recent years to adapt to technological advances, including the electric wheel and the availability of resources such as clay, plastic, and electricity. The increasingly wide variety of economic opportunities available to the younger generation poses challenges to the continuation of this occupation.
Considering health in US metropolitan long-range transportation plans: A review of guidance statements and performance measures

Abstract Transportation influences health primarily and most directly through traffic safety, air quality, physical activity, and accessibility. Despite the importance of all four components, only safety and air quality are typically considered during institutionalized transportation planning processes. This paper assesses how health impacts are considered in transportation planning by focusing on the long-range transportation plans that US metropolitan planning organizations develop. We analyzed the content of current plans from 25 large regions, reviewing how policy guidance statements and supporting performance measures addressed health. Goals and objectives exhibited an incomplete perspective of transportation's effects on health, focusing on safety, accessibility, and air quality, neglecting physical activity. Regional policies reflected national goals and planning requirements, which are rarely framed from a health perspective. Performance measures generally followed policy guidance, although measures of health and physical activity were lacking. Increased attention to the development of health-related performance measures and the data and analysis tools to support them is needed. By assessing the state of the practice and discussing potential approaches, this review informs a stronger and more comprehensive consideration of health within the institutionalized structure of US metropolitan transportation planning.
A coaxial cable magnetic field sensor based on ferrofluid filled Fabry-Perot interferometer structure

Abstract A ferrofluid filled coaxial cable Fabry-Perot interferometer is proposed for magnetic field sensing. Both the interferogram shift and the reflection intensity change of the sensor response are studied when external magnetic field is applied. The sensor is tested to work from 0 G to 160 G, and has a highly linear response above 50 G, with the sensitivity of 459 kHz/G. This sensor can be integrated into a coaxial cable sensing platform for multi-function or distributed sensing applications.
Renal Sympathetic Denervation Protects the Failing Heart Via Inhibition of Neprilysin Activity in the Kidney.

Abstract Background Sustained sympathetic activation contributes to the progression of myocardial cell injury, cardiac fibrosis, and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in heart failure (HF). Objectives This study investigated the effects of radiofrequency renal nerve denervation (RF-RDN) on the pathobiology of HF and the interaction between the renal sympathetic nerves and natriuretic peptide (NP) metabolism. Methods Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were subjected to 45 min of coronary artery ligation and reperfusion for 12 weeks. At 4 weeks post-reperfusion, SHR and WKY underwent either bilateral RF-RDN or sham-RDN. Results Following RF-RDN in both strains, LV ejection fraction remained significantly above those levels in respective sham-RDN rats, and at the end of the 12-week study, rats in both strains had significantly reduced LV fibrosis and improved vascular function. RF-RDN therapy significantly improved vascular reactivity to endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilators as well as vascular compliance in the setting of severe HF. Improvements in LV function were accompanied by significant elevations in circulating NP as compared to those associated with sham-RDN. Further investigation into the cause of increased circulating NP levels demonstrated that RF-RDN significantly inhibited renal neprilysin activity in SHR and WKY with HF. Likewise, chronic treatment with the beta1 antagonist bisoprolol inhibited renal neprilysin activity and increased circulation NP levels in WKY with HF. Conclusions This study identifies a novel endogenous pathway by which the renal nerves participate in the degradation of cardioprotective NP. Furthermore, removal of the influence of the renal nerves on kidney function attenuates renal neprilysin activity, augments circulating NP levels, reduces myocardial fibrosis, and improves LV function in the setting of HF.
Comparative Neuroanatomy of Prosimian Primates: Some Basic Concepts Bearing on the Evolution of Upright Locomotion

The mammalian nervous system is composed of (1) nervous elements, which are highly specialized for irritability and conductivity, and (2) supportive non-nervous elements. The nervous elements are called neurons and the supportive elements are the neuroglial cells and a limited amount of connective tissue.
Effects of Teacher Training in a Computer Science Principles Curriculum on Teacher and Student Skills, Confidence, and Beliefs

Common barriers to broad-based adoption of Computer Science in secondary schools include 1) insufficient numbers of trained teachers who are capable of teaching CS courses in K-12 schools, and 2) a narrow base of students interested in taking CS courses which does not include a large number of females or students from traditionally underrepresented racial groups. In an effort to overcome these obstacles, we developed and employed a teacher professional development program to develop both content and pedagogical strategies to teach Computer Science Principles while also broadening and expanding participation in CS. Teachers were selected for this program in an effort to understand the impact of the intervention with teachers of diverse backgrounds, who teach in a variety of types of schools and with diverse student populations, and with a range of previous Computer Science content knowledge and teaching experience. Teacher content mastery, confidence and attitudes, as well as student content mastery and confidence were assessed at multiple times. Key goals of the program were to develop ability and confidence in programming skills among teachers and students, and to train and encourage teachers to use peer instruction, allowing for a great deal of interaction among students and engagement with the content facilitating the development of expertise among students. Significant findings showed that teachers improved in both knowledge and confidence after taking the workshop, and the gains were evident for their students as well. Their students also demonstrated improvement in both skills and confidence after taking CS Principles, regardless of gender, race, or ethnicity.
COMPARING TICAGRELOR AND ASPIRIN WITH CLOPIDOGREL AND ASPIRIN IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE: THROMBUS BURDEN ASSESSED BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY

Claudication is a frequent symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) that limits physical activity. We hypothesized that ticagrelor plus aspirin for 6 months would reduce white thrombus burden post peripheral intervention compared to the current medical standard of care (clopidogrel plus aspirin
Common Piezoelectric Continua and Active Piezoelectric Structures

In this chapter, a simple reduction procedure is developed to apply the generic piezoelectric shell theories to other common piezoelectric continua, such as shells of revolutions, spheres, cylindrical shells, plates, etc (Tzou and Zhong, 1990). Note that the generic piezoelectric thin shell theory is used as the fundamental theory in the later derivations and analyses. Equations of motion of corresponding thin elastic shells can be easily derived by eliminating all electromechanical coupling terms in the piezoelectric shell equations.
Discriminant spectrotemporal features for phoneme recognition.

We propose discriminant methods for deriving twodimensional spectrotemporal features for phoneme recognition that are estimated to maximize the separation between the representations of phoneme classes. The linearity of the filters results in their intuitive interpretation enabling us to investigate the working principles of the system and to improve its performance by locating the sources of error. Two methods for the estimation of filters are proposed: Regularized Least Square (RLS) and Modified Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA). Both methods reach a comparable improvement over the baseline condition demonstrating the advantage of the discriminant spectrotemporal filters.
A Comparison of Solar Radiation and Net Radiation

Daily values of solar and net radiation at Ames, Iowa were compared for the period, late June through November, 1954. It was found that by dividing the data into two groups, clear days and cloudy d...
Managment of Beached Shipwreck Archaeological Sites: Defining Stability

The archaeological remains of ships in the beach zone are part of a complex and dynamic system. Being periodically exposed and reburied, they vary between being both visible and frequently forgotte...
Maximum entropy-based uncertainty modeling at the elemental level in linear structural and thermal problems

A novel approach is proposed for the modeling of uncertainties in finite element models of linear structural or thermal problems. This uncertainty is introduced at the level of each finite element by randomizing the corresponding elemental matrices (e.g., mass, stiffness, conductance) using the maximum entropy concept. The approach is characterized by only two parameters, one expressing the overall level of uncertainty while the other is the correlation length underlying the random elemental matrices. As it proceeds from the finite element mean model matrices, the modeling can be performed from finite element models constructed in commercial software. In fact, the approach is exemplified on a structural example developed within Nastran with the assembly of the random elemental matrices performed outside of this software.
Areas by Infinite Series.

ARCHIMEDES discovered a way of finding the exact area of plane surfaces bounded by curved lines without integral calculus.1 The method consists of fitting simple figures like squares and triangles into the curve. The spaces between the curve and the simple figures are gradually filled up with smaller and smaller figures. If the areas of the simple figures can be calculated along with their infinite sum, the desired result is obtained. Two ex amples follow.
Inverse Reinforcement Learning of Interaction Dynamics from Demonstrations

This paper presents a framework to learn the reward function underlying high-level sequential tasks from demonstrations. The purpose of reward learning, in the context of learning from demonstration (LfD), is to generate policies that mimic the demonstrator’s policies, thereby enabling imitation learning. We focus on a human-robot interaction (HRI) domain where the goal is to learn and model structured interactions between a human and a robot. Such interactions can be modeled as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) where the partial observability is caused by uncertainties associated with the ways humans respond to different stimuli. The key challenge in finding a good policy in such a POMDP is determining the reward function that was observed by the demonstrator. Existing inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) methods for POMDPs are computationally very expensive and the problem is not well understood. In comparison, IRL algorithms for Markov decision process (MDP) are well defined and computationally efficient. We propose an approach of reward function learning for high-level sequential tasks from human demonstrations where the core idea is to reduce the underlying POMDP to an MDP and apply any efficient MDPIRL algorithm. Our extensive experiments suggest that the reward function learned this way generates POMDP policies that mimic the policies of the demonstrator well.
Body size, but not age-at-maturation or context, affects the expression of predator-induced behavioural plasticity in female green swordtails (Xiphophorus hellerii)

Behavioural plasticity is a form of reversible phenotypic plasticity in which a genotype can express different behavioural phenotypes under different environmental conditions. Though an interest in among‐individual differences in behavioural plasticity has flourished in recent decades, few studies have considered the effects of intrinsic factors, such as life‐history or morphological traits, in tandem with extrinsic factors, such as presence of conspecifics in different social contexts, on predator‐induced behavioural plasticity. Here, we present a study conducted with female green swordtail fishes, Xiphophorus hellerii, designed to assess the effects of age‐at‐maturation and body size on the expression of predator‐induced behavioural plasticity in two social contexts: (a) female‐only (two females) and (b) female‐and‐male (two females and a male). We further examined the extent to which individual expression of behavioural plasticity is consistent across these two social contexts. We found that in the presence of a predator, focal females were more timid in response to the stimulus and more tolerant of the non‐focal female, and small females expressed this change from bold/less tolerant to timid/more tolerant to a greater degree than large females, regardless of age‐at‐maturation. However, individuals were not consistent in the degree or direction of plasticity expressed in the behaviours of interest between the female‐only and the female‐and‐male context. Here, we show that within‐ and among‐individual differences in behavioural expression are common but inconsistent. How intrinsic and extrinsic factors independently or together drive expression of plasticity in antipredator and agonistic behaviours is varied and warrants further study.
Preparing for Medical Internship: A Case-Based Strategy to Teach Management of Common Overnight Calls to Students.

Introduction More medical schools are offering a transition-to-intern-year course to better prepare graduates for residency. Sessions where students simulate receiving cross-cover calls are frequen...
Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning for Prediction of Network Traffic in a Smart Home

The network system of smart homes using a Internet of Things (IoT) device is increasing in parallel with cybersecurity challenges as these loT devices have some vulnerabilities such as hardware and software limitations that leads to difficulties with time to fit security features to any IoT systems. Therefore, the Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is the suggested method to mitigate these cyberattacks and monitor the requests in smart homes. IDS has the capacity to protect the smart home network and detect real-time vulnerabilities and threats. In this paper, we applied and compared four types of machine learning algorithms which are random forest, xgboost, decision tree, and k-nearest neighbors on two sorts of datasets. We randomly selected three samples from each dataset. The results show that our models for each algorithm can effectively achieve a satisfying seemingly classification accuracy with the lowest false positive rate.
Hypotheses on Agony: Field Research in a Genocidal Context

Drawing on my field research experiences in Rwanda, Bosnia, and Cambodia, I present a personal narrative that creates a vivid picture of field research in challenging environments and contemplates what research ethics look like in post-genocide societies. Working in violent, traumatized, or oppressive conditions reveals the fragility of traditional political science methods when confronted with the realities of human suffering. Part of the intrinsic value of field interviews is the unique interactive experience between researcher and respondents, which can never be fully replicated. Addressing the controversies about research methods, I argue that the Data Access and Research Transparency (DA-RT) versions of protection, replicability, and transparency undermine the integrity of field research and can threaten the security of researchers and respondents. This article also reflects on the personal experience of working in three post-genocide societies, including the effects of trauma and empathy. Despite the difficult subject matter and personal challenges, I continue to champion field research for the unmatched understanding it offers researchers. This reflection encourages a broader discussion about the value of human interaction in the research process, even if those interactions do not fit neatly into a methodological template.
Living and Succeeding with ADHD in High School

The high school years bring new but predictable predicaments for the teen with ADHD. The demands for organization and attention during the academic day are matched by the challenges faced outside of school, when teens are driving, dating, and managing money. In this chapter, we focus on strategies to support success, independence, and safety during this period of transition toward adulthood.
EXPRESS: Becoming visible: Uncovering hidden entanglements of power, performativity and becoming subjectivities in a global bank

This paper explores entanglements and flows of power, performativity and related becoming subjectivities, in a rich thicket of lived experience in a global bank. The inquiry focuses on an affective...
What Am I, a Piece of Meat? Synecdochical Utterances Targeting Women

In a September 2004 interview, Donald Trump agreed with Howard Stern’s statement that his daughter Ivanka is “a piece of ass.” This utterance is a synecdochical utterance targeting women (SUTW), by which I mean that its form is such that a term for an anatomical part is predicated of, or could be used by a speaker to refer to, a woman. I propound a theory of what SUTW speakers do in undertaking an SUTW on which the SUTW speaker prompts the hearer to engage in a certain derogatory pattern of associational thinking—that is, taking a “perspective” in Elisabeth Camp’s sense—on the female subject. This perspective is one that reduces her to the bodily part in question—that is, fragments her (reduces her to a part) and biologizes her (characterizes her as mere living tissue). Essentially, the hearer thinks of the woman as a “piece of meat.”
Solubilization of Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Pretreatments for Enhanced Methane Production during Anaerobic Digestion of Manure

Pretreatment of dairy manure can disrupt the lignocellulosic structure and produce higher levels of soluble sugars, which can be effectively utilized by anaerobic microbes to produce methane (CH4)....
Abstract IA13: Key characteristics of carcinogens

The key characteristics (KCs) of human carcinogens were recently introduced as the basis of a uniform approach for searching, organizing, and evaluating mechanistic evidence to support cancer hazard identification (Smith et al., 2016; Guyton et al., 2018). The KCs comprise the properties of known human carcinogens, including their ability to be genotoxic, be immunosuppressive, or modulate receptor-mediated effects. Established human carcinogens commonly exhibit one or more of these characteristics, and therefore, data on these characteristics can provide independent evidence of carcinogenicity when human data are lacking. Such data can also help in interpreting the relevance and importance of findings of cancer in animals and in humans. In its 2017 report, “Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations,” the NRC recently opined that the KCs approach “avoids a narrow focus on specific pathways and hypotheses and provides for a broad, holistic consideration of the mechanistic evidence.” They further suggested that key characteristics be developed for other endpoints, such as endocrine disruption and reproductive toxicity, and efforts in this regard are approaching completion and publication. The KC approach therefore holds great potential to improve hazard identification and risk assessment but still needs to be further developed, especially in regard to its integration with the hallmarks of cancer and its potential for helping analyze the toxic effects of untested chemicals and chemical mixtures in cell culture and experimental animals. Unfortunately, the current Tox21 and Toxcast repertoire of assays is mostly lacking in relevance to the KCs, as are most clinical biomarkers. Approaches to developing a new set of high-throughput tests and biomarkers (a CarciCAST) will be described along with a discussion of the use of the key characteristics approach in hazard identification and risk assessment instead of, or as well as, the current MOA/AOP approach. References Guyton KZ, Rusyn I, Chiu WA, Corpet DE, van den Berg M, Ross MK, et al. Application of the key characteristics of carcinogens in cancer hazard identification. Carcinogenesis 2018;39:614-22; doi:10.1093/carcin/bgy031. Smith MT, Guyton KZ, Gibbons CF, Fritz JM, Portier CJ, Rusyn I, et al. Key characteristics of carcinogens as a basis for organizing data on mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect 2016;124:713-21; doi:10.1289/ehp.1509912. Citation Format: Martyn T. Smith. Key characteristics of carcinogens [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Environmental Carcinogenesis: Potential Pathway to Cancer Prevention; 2019 Jun 22-24; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2020;13(7 Suppl): Abstract nr IA13.
Dyadic interactions and physical and social environment in dementia mealtime care: a systematic review of instruments

Using valid instruments to measure dyadic interactions and physical and social environment during mealtime care of persons with dementia is critical to evaluate the process, fidelity, and impact of mealtime interventions. However, the characteristics and quality of existing instruments remain unexplored. This systematic review described the characteristics and synthesized the psychometric quality of instruments originally developed or later modified to measure mealtime dyadic interactions and physical and/or social dining environment for people with dementia, on the basis of published reports between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2020. We identified 26 instruments: 17 assessed dyadic interactions, one assessed physical environment, and eight assessed physical and social environment. All instruments were used in research and none in clinical practice. All instruments were observational tools and scored as having low psychometric quality, except for the refined Cue Utilization and Engagement in Dementia (CUED) mealtime video-coding scheme rated as having moderate quality. Reasons for low quality are the use of small samples compared with the number of items, limited psychometric testing, and inadequate estimates. All existing tools warrant further testing in larger diverse samples in varied settings and validation for use in clinical practice. The refined CUED is a potential tool for use and requires testing in direct on-site observations.
Pharyngo-esophago-gastric dysmotility in intubated patients: A comprehensive review

Postextubation swallowing dysfunction is a common phenomenon within the pharyngo-esophago-gastric dysmotility disorders. It is commonly seen after major surgery which requires endotracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation and associated with pulmonary complications which may lead to increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stay and increased cost. Thus, understanding the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon is crucial for early recognition and diagnosis of this entity, and to take preventive measures to minimize associated complications and morbidity. Literature search of the Medline database was performed to obtain related studies discussing pharyngo-esophago-gastric dysmotility. We focused on studies including PSD following major surgery and extracted data from the relevant studies, compared results, and summarized the related information. We reviewed the underlying mechanism, available diagnostic tools, risk factors, major pulmonary complications and their consequences, basic preventive measures and potential solutions related to this entity and aimed to guide physicians through decision-making process for their individual patients.
Number Talks in Asynchronous Online Classrooms for More Equitable Participation and as Formative Assessment of Student Thinking

With the sudden move to remote learning in 2020, understanding how routines like number talks (NTs) can be used in the online delivery of content courses for prospective elementary school teachers has become increasingly important. In this paper, we examine (a) whether it is possible to leverage NTs online asynchronously for the same purposes as it is in in-person settings, (b) what strategies emerge in online asynchronously NTs, and (c) what prospective elementary school teachers (PTs) say they learn in online asynchronously NTs. We implemented four NTs for addition in a content course for PTs which was taught online asynchronously. Twenty-three PTs participated, shared their solution strategies, and responded to their peers across the four NTs. We found that we were able to access all of our PTs’ thinking and while there are differences, NTs can be successfully, and potentially more equitably, implemented in asynchronous online learning. We share what we learned from these four NTs in particular and about NTs in general.
Case 23: A Patient with a Difficult Airway and You Have Minimal Airway Equipment

You are in the hospital with limited resources and you have a patient with a potentially difficult airway. Unfortunately, you have no specialized airway equipment except endotracheal tubes, a Macintosh laryngoscopy, and a gum-elastic bougie. If that is the case, I suggest you try the following:
Dermal delivery of HSP47 siRNA with NOX4-modulating mesoporous silica-based nanoparticles for treating fibrosis

Fibrotic diseases such as scleroderma have been linked to increased oxidative stress and upregulation of pro-fibrotic genes. Recent work suggests a role of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) in inducing excessive collagen synthesis, leading to fibrotic diseases. Herein, we elucidate the relationship between NOX4 and HSP47 in fibrogenesis and propose to modulate them altogether as a new strategy to treat fibrosis. We developed a nanoparticle platform consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating on a 50-nm mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNP) core. The nanoparticles effectively delivered small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting HSP47 (siHSP47) in an in vitro model of fibrosis based on TGF-β stimulated fibroblasts. The MSNP core also imparted an antioxidant property by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently reducing NOX4 levels in the in vitro fibrogenesis model. The nanoparticle was far superior to n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) at modulating pro-fibrotic markers. In vivo evaluation was performed in a bleomycin-induced scleroderma mouse model, which shares many similarities to human scleroderma disease. Intradermal administration of siHSP47-nanoparticles effectively reduced HSP47 protein expression in skin to normal level. In addition, the antioxidant MSNP also played a prominent role in reducing the pro-fibrotic markers, NOX4, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen type I (COL I), as well as skin thickness of the mice.
Cultural Intelligence for Clinical Social Work Practice

The concept of cultural competence has long been promoted as a key educational practice priority in the profession of social work. However, assuming uniformity in a given culture and its values and beliefs without allowing for within-group diversity and the consideration of the intercultural interaction is problematic. This article delineates the dynamics of tapping into “cultural intelligence”, which uses a different approach to understanding cultural diversity and cross-cultural interactions by focusing on the interactional field that operates in cross-cultural clinical encounters.
A new calibration method for current probes

EMC engineers often use current probes to detect common mode currents. It is necessary to characterize the probes up to gigahertz frequencies. Existing calibration methods for current clamps suffer from the problem of not directly measuring the current within the current clamp. Instead, they either reconstruct the current from measurements at other locations or they use assumptions regarding the geometry which allows them to use a current that is measured at a different location without applying a mathematical correction. The proposed method overcomes these disadvantages by directly measuring the current at the center of the current clamp. The paper also discusses some of the non ideal effects of current clamps.
Effect of level of whole cottonseed on intake, digestibility, and performance of growing male goats fed hay-based diets.

Twenty-four purebred Boer (Capra hircus hircus) and 12 male kids of 1/2 Boer breeding (initial BW 21 +/- .5 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design to study the effects of increasing level of whole cottonseed (WCS) on ADG, serum urea N, plasma gossypol, live grades, and intake of DM, CP, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, ether extract, and free gossypol. A subgroup of 16 purebred goats was used to determine digestibility using a 5-d total fecal collection. Goats were blocked by BW and then assigned at random to one of four diets containing 0, 8, 16, or 24% WCS. All diets contained 71% chopped orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) hay and 29% concentrate; WCS replaced corn and soybean meal to maintain calculated TDN and CP concentrations at 68 and 15% of DM, respectively. Concentrations of NDF in diet DM were 52.4, 55.9, 59.3, and 62.1% with increasing WCS, and the Ca:P ratio was maintained at 2:0. Goats were given ad libitum access to feed and water. Over the 90-d performance phase, DMI (P < .05), CP intake (P < .02), and ADG (P < .01) decreased linearly with increasing WCS in the diet, whereas ether extract (EE) intake increased in a cubic fashion (P < .01). Gain:feed decreased linearly (P < .02) with increasing level of WCS. Addition of WCS resulted in linear decreases in apparent digestibility coefficients of DM (P < .02) and NDF (P < .05), a linear increase in total plasma gossypol (P < .01), and a quadratic increase in serum urea N (P < .04). Apparent digestibility of CP was not affected by WCS level. At the 16 and 24% WCS levels, EE constituted 4.2 and 4.8% of total DMI, respectively. Adding WCS to diets for growing goats had detrimental effects on animal performance, and, based on the possible negative effects of dietary EE and NDF rather than gossypol, economics should dictate whether to use WCS in feeding programs.
Technological advances in suspended-sediment surrogate monitoring.

[1] Surrogate technologies to continuously monitor suspended sediment show promise toward supplanting traditional data collection methods requiring routine collection and analysis of water samples. Commercially available instruments operating on bulk optic (turbidity), laser optic, pressure difference, and acoustic backscatter principles are evaluated based on cost, reliability, robustness, accuracy, sample volume, susceptibility to biological fouling, and suitable range of mass concentration and particle size distribution. In situ turbidimeters are widely used. They provide reliable data where the point measurements can be reliably correlated to the river's mean cross section concentration value, effects of biological fouling can be minimized, and concentrations remain below the sensor's upper measurement limit. In situ laser diffraction instruments have similar limitations and can cost 6 times the approximate $5000 purchase price of a turbidimeter. However, laser diffraction instruments provide volumetric-concentration data in 32 size classes. Pressure differential instruments measure mass density in a water column, thus integrating substantially more streamflow than a point measurement. They are designed for monitoring medium-to-large concentrations, are generally unaffected by biological fouling, and cost about the same as a turbidimeter. However, their performance has been marginal in field applications. Acoustic Doppler profilers use acoustic backscatter to measure suspended sediment concentrations in orders of magnitude more streamflow than do instruments that rely on point measurements. The technology is relatively robust and generally immune to effects of biological fouling. Cost of a single-frequency device is about double that of a turbidimeter. Multifrequency arrays also provide the potential to resolve concentrations by clay silt versus sand size fractions. Multifrequency hydroacoustics shows the most promise for revolutionizing collection of continuous suspended sediment data by instruments that require only periodic calibration for correlation to mean concentrations in river cross sections. Broad application of proven suspended sediment surrogate technologies has the potential to revolutionize fluvial sediment monitoring. Once applied, benefits could be enormous, providing for safer, more frequent and consistent, arguably more accurate, and ultimately less expensive sediment data for managing the world's sedimentary resources.
Prophet or fool? The professional position and role of historians of education

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the professional dilemmas of historians of education in the USA. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses historiographical analysis. Findings – While some aspects of both “prophet” and “fool” cultural archetypes fit some historians of education, neither archetype is a useful model for discussing the possible professional positions and roles of new scholars. Instead, “border-crossing” is an appropriate metaphor for new scholars in the history of education. Originality/value – This manuscript addresses a topic of concern to many historians of education in multiple countries. It moves beyond material concerns of intellectuals to discuss the cultural archetypes that may be at play.
Working with Native American Persons: Issues in Facilitating Communication and Providing Culturally Relevant Services:

This article discusses several special concerns in providing education and rehabilitation services to Native American individuals. Suggestions are offered to assist non-Native American professional...
Long convolutions using transforms over reducible extensions of fermat number rings

We establish a system of conjugate symmetries for transforms over extensions R of a ring S in cases where R has fast transforms, and where multiplication in R has a fast algorithm. We take R equal to an extension of S mod a completely reducible polynomial, and define a group of S-automorphisms of R which allows a system of conjugate symmetries for the transforms. The system is applied to construct algorithms for filtering long sequences over S. When S is the ring of integers modulo the t-th Fermat number, the system allows use of a multiplication-free transform over R to compute convolutions of length up to 22t+3without use of inefficient multidimensional mappings. Iteration of the method effectively removes the bound on the convolution length suffered by other FNT techniques.
Reproductive state and rank influence patterns of meat consumption in wild female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)

An increase in faunivory is a consistent component of human evolutionary models. Animal matter is energy- and nutrient-dense and can provide macronutrients, minerals, and vitamins that are limited or absent in plant foods. For female humans and other omnivorous primates, faunivory may be of particular importance during the costly periods of pregnancy and early lactation. Yet, because animal prey is often monopolizable, access to fauna among group-living primates may be mediated by social factors such as rank. Wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) across Africa habitually consume insects and/or vertebrates. However, no published studies have examined patterns of female chimpanzee faunivory during pregnancy and early lactation relative to non-reproductive periods, or by females of different rank. In this study, we assessed the influence of reproductive state and dominance rank on the consumption of fauna (meat and insects) by female chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Using observational data collected over 38 years, we tested (a) whether faunivory varied by reproductive state, and (b) if high-ranking females spent more time consuming fauna than lower-ranking females. In single-factor models, pregnant females consumed more meat than lactating and baseline (meaning not pregnant and not in early lactation) females, and high-ranking females consumed more meat than lower-ranking females. A two-factor analysis of a subset of well-sampled females identified an interaction between rank and reproductive state: lower-ranking females consumed more meat during pregnancy than lower-ranking lactating and baseline females did. High-ranking females did not significantly differ in meat consumption between reproductive states. We found no relationships between rank or reproductive state with insectivory. We conclude that, unlike insectivory, meat consumption by female chimpanzees is mediated by both reproductive state and social rank. We outline possible mechanisms for these patterns, relate our findings to meat-eating patterns in women from well-studied hunter-gatherer societies, and discuss potential avenues for future research.
Overview of some radiative transfer issues in simulation of unwanted fires

Fire is an extremely complex phenomenon that is responsible for loss of human life and considerable property and environmental damages every year around the world. Significant progress during the last few decades in modeling of pool, compartment (enclosure), urban and outdoor (i.e., forest and woodland) fires has manifested in improved understanding of fire phenomenology, fire-safety regulations and fire-fighting techniques. Recent research efforts to develop numerical CFD (computational fluid dynamics) models for simulating fire phenomena from first principles are discussed. Since both thermal and oxygen-limited feedback processes can affect fire dynamics, quantitative description of fire development requires understanding of materials, turbulence, chemical kinetics, heat and mass transfer, radiation, and other important physical processes. Focus in the discussion is on radiative transfer (one of the most complex and time consuming process) in numerical simulation of large pool, compartment, urban and outdoor fires. The overview discusses current trends and identifies the outstanding problems requiring research attention.
Can Arthroscopically Harvested Synovial Stem Cells Be Preferentially Sorted Using Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen 4 Antibody for Cartilage, Bone, and Adipose Regeneration?

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) expression and synovium-derived stem cell (SDSC) lineage differentiation. Methods Human SDSCs were collected during arthroscopic surgery from 4 young patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Passage 2 SDSCs were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using phycoerythrin-conjugated monoclonal antibody against SSEA4 into 3 groups: SSEA4(+) cells, SSEA4(−) cells, and unsorted control cells. After 1 more passage, expanded cells from each group were evaluated for SSEA4 expression by use of flow cytometry as well as multilineage differentiation capacities, including chondrogenesis, adipogenesis, and osteogenesis, using biochemical analysis, histologic analysis, immunostaining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results After cell sorting, 1 more passage expansion decreased SSEA4(+) cells from 99.8% to 79.2% and increased SSEA4(−) cells from 4.4% to 53.3% compared with 70.3% in the unsorted cell population. SSEA4(−) SDSCs with a lower cell proliferation exhibited higher chondrogenic potential (in terms of the ratio of glycosaminoglycan to DNA [ P COL2A1 [type II collagen] messenger RNA [mRNA] [ P P = .007], LPL [lipoprotein lipase] mRNA [ P = .005], and CEBP [CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha] mRNA [ P = .010]). In contrast, SSEA4(+) SDSCs retained cell expansion and enhanced osteogenic capacity, as evidenced by intense calcium deposition stained by alizarin red S and a significantly elevated expression of OPN (osteopontin) mRNA ( P = .007). Conclusions In this study, for the first time, we showed the benefit of using the surface marker SSEA4 in SDSCs to preferentially sort a mixed population of cells. SSEA4(+) SDSCs indicated a strong potential for osteogenesis rather than chondrogenesis and adipogenesis. Clinical Relevance SDSC-based mesenchymal tissue regeneration can be easily achieved by arthroscopic harvesting followed by quick cell sorting.