cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
d0fN-METAL COMPLEXES SUPPORTED BY FERROCENE-BASED CHELATING LIGANDS

Ferrocene is widely incorporated in pharmaceutical candidates, materials, and redox agents. In addition, ligand scaffolds make use of ferrocene groups because of their steric, electronic, and redox properties. In some cases, ferrocene is involved directly in the reactivity of a metal center even when it is part of the supporting ligand. While metal-ligand cooperation plays an important role in enzymatic catalysis, it is less developed in organometallic chemistry. Our group has focused on ferrocene-based chelating ligands because they possess unique electronic characteristics that make them especially versatile in supporting a wide range of reactivity behaviors for the resulting metal complexes. The present review discusses the chemistry of metal complexes with two types of ferrocene-based chelating ligands: (1) Schiff base; and (2) diamide. The first class of ligands supports yttrium and cerium alkoxides, while the second class is used for group 3 metal (scandium, yttrium, lutetium, and lanthanum) alkyls....
The amino acid sequence of Desulfovibriovulgaris flavodoxin

Abstract The complete amino acid sequence for the 148 amino acid flavodoxin from Desulfovibrio vulgaris is presented. This is the first flavoenzyme for which both the complete amino acid sequence and a 2.5 A resolution x-ray diffraction structure are now known. The position of some important residues in the binding of FMN are given. The D. vulgaris sequence is compared with other published flavodoxin sequences.
MEASURING THE CONTRIBUTION OF LAND AND WATER TO AGRICULTURE

Irrigated land outproduces dryland agriculture, especially in the western United States. Many valuable crops could not be grown without irrigation. A paucity of yield data does not allow direct measurement of the contribution from irrigated crop agriculture, nor does it allow evaluation of the contributions from livestock which are dependent upon irrigated feed. Regression results indicate that 80 percent of Idaho farm income is associated with irrigation, and that 75 percent of the farm income in the 17 western states is associated with irrigation. For the United States as a whole, results indicate that 13.7 percent of the total cropland (irrigated land) produced 41.3 percent of all cash receipts from farming in 1978. If 14 percent of the land can produce 40 percent of the value of production, can 35 percent of our land produce all our food and fiber needs? Such an allegation has several implications in terms of the adequacy of our land and water resources. It also emphasizes the role of technology in future resource use and production.
A paradox in geoelectromagnetism, and its resolution, demonstrating the equivalence of frequency and transient domain methods

Abstract The paradox can be reached that if the quadrature and inphase components at a single frequency only are measured, then the frequency and transient domain methods are not equivalent in the presence of geological noise. However, new characteristic functions can be introduced involving measurement at two different frequencies and the paradox can be resolved.
Neural Plasticity and Locomotor Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract The discussion of neural plasticity and locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) focuses on 2 main themes, the issues associated with detecting neural plasticity in human beings and the issue of how to translate information from animal models, in which neural plasticity can be more readily studied, to human clinical research and application. This article discusses the importance of studying neural plasticity to better understand the effects of current rehabilitation interventions and to devise the next generation of therapies. It reviews the current spectrum of clinical, functional, anatomical, and neurophysiological assessments of patients that can be made in neurorehabilitation and the relationship between those measures and the study of neural plasticity. Then the similarities and differences between animal models and human SCI are discussed in relation to the severity of injury, the effect of locomotor training on gait recovery, the localization of neural plasticity associated with that gait recovery, and the implications for interpreting the "translatability" of animal model data to human study and clinical practice. In summary, it is concluded that the study of neural plasticity and locomotor recovery after SCI is really in its infancy but that it is critical for the advancement of the science of neurorehabilitation and "restorative neurology."
Body shape questionnaire: Studies of validity and reliability

Objective The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) is a useful measure of weight and shape concern. The purpose of this study is to contribute new psychometric information on the BSQ in order to assist clinicians and researchers who intend to use this measure. Method: This paper reports average scores on American samples of clinical subjects referred for body image problems, obese persons seeking weight reduction, and nonclinical samples of college students and adults. Results and Discussion: The BSQ demonstrated good test-retest reliability, concurrent validity with other measures of body image, and criterion validity for clinical status. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Binding of 9-aminoacridine to deoxydinucleoside phosphates of defined sequence: Preferences and stereochemistry☆

Abstract The effect of sequence on the binding of 9-aminoacridine to DNA has been investigated by studying its interaction with deoxydinucleoside phosphates of different sequences using proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Quantitative binding information can be obtained by comparison of the proton chemical shift behavior of 9-aminoacridine upon addition of dinucleoside phosphate to various models for the interaction using least-squares computer fitting procedures. The simplest model that fits the data includes (1) dimerization of 9-aminoacridine and (2) a mixture of 1:1 and 2:1 (dinucleoside phosphate/9-aminoacridine) complexes. The computed parameters allow comparison of binding constants and stereochemistry for different sequences. The 1:1 complexes seem to involve interaction of the ring nitrogen with the backbone phosphate and stacking of one or both chromophores on the acridine; preference in binding is observed for alternating (purine-pyrimidine or pyrimidine-purine) over non-alternating (purine-purine) dinucleoside phosphates. The 2:1 complexes involve intercalation of the acridine between two complementary dinucleoside phosphate strands with weak sequence preferences in binding. The stereochemistry of intercalation differs between non-alternating purine-purine sequences and the alternating pyrimidine-purine or purine-pyrimidine sequences in having the 9-aminoacridine stacked with the purines of one strand rather than straddling the purines on opposite strands. The difference in stereochemistry could possibly be a determining factor in frameshift sequence specificity.
Merits and Problems of Adjusting to Other Than Mature Age

In 1967 new age adjustment factors for standardizing 305-day lactations to a mature basis (9) were implemented for use in USDAD H I A sire summaries and cow evaluations. Experience and research (5, 7, 13, 15) has shown that these factors are more accurate for comparing cows in the same herd than the previous factors (3) because they accounted for differential seasonal and regional effects on yields of cows of differing ages. Also, abundant information (1, 4, 6, 8) has proven that herdmate comparisons on records adjusted with these factors (9) are accurate enough to rank bulls effectively. More recently, evidence (14, 15) has accumulated to show that the factors currently used in the national cow and sire evaluation programs could be made more accurate. In general, age adjustment factors now used by USDA (9) could be improved in the following areas: 1) Factors appear too low for cows calving at very young ages ( ~ 25 mo.) 2) Factors appear too low for cows calving for the first time between 30 and 33 mo of age. 3) Too few separate seasonal age factors were developed to minimize effectively interaction between season of calving and age. 4) Not enough regions were used to minimize effectively interaction between age and geographical region. 5) Factors for one or two regions contain important errors, possibly because of a nonrepresentative sample of data available when factors were developed. Factors now in use by USDA were developed by the gross comparison method from ratios of averages of all cows the same age, ignoring herd effects. Later evidence has indicated that an interaction between age at calving, season, and herd production (12, 14) caused many inaccuracies in the factors. Also, the factors were smoothed by a moving average. This moving average procedure biased the factors down for ages of calving less than 25
The D/H ratios of sap in trees: implications for water sources and tree ring D/H ratios

Abstract Measurements of D H ratios of tree sap can be used to determine the source water for a tree. Based on these measurements, trees can be separated into three categories: those which rely solely on summertime rainfalls, those which rely solely on groundwaters and those which utilize both water sources. For trees in the last category, D H ratios of sap can be used to quantify the relative contributions to the tree's source water of summertime rainfalls and groundwaters. These measurements can be used to select trees for tree ring isotope studies. Single source trees, those which rely solely on summertime rain or groundwaters, appear to be the best choices for measuring long records of tree ring D H ratios.
Analysis of mass transport in the diffusional creep of polycrystalline MgO-FeO-Fe2O3 solid solutions

An analysis of mass transport in the diffusional creep of iron-doped, polycrystalline MgO was conducted. Creep regimes in which magnesium grain boundary, oxygen grain boundary, and magnesium-lattice diffusion were rate-controlling were identified. An analytical procedure was developed for the estimation of the diffusion constants for these three processes.
Plant associations on a Sonoran Desert bajada: geographical correlates and evolutionary source pools

In this paper the hypothesis is tested that the local distributions of perennial plants on a desert bajada are related to those at the regional/geographical level. Plant species reaching their highest density in the lower, mid-, or upper plant association on the bajada showed no difference in their latitudinal centers of distribution, or the latitudinal variation over the region. However, plants in the three associations did differ significally in the standardized distance of their regional distribution from the target bajada: i.e., plant species characteristic of the mid-bajada were significantly closer to their regional distribution centers than were plants in the lower or upper association. These results suggest that the local distribution of plants on desert bajadas are related to those at the regional level. Consideration of historical source-pools may provide a key to understanding both the ecological and biogeographic components of plant associations in North American desert regions.
Intermolecular forces from atomic line-shape experiments

A systematic convergent method of studying intermolecular forces in excited states is detailed. Extensive comparison between theory and experiment indicates that high-resolution line-shape experiments over a wide range of frequencies will permit the inference of parameters in realistic forms of the potential energy. The analysis focuses on the $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ resonance line of cesium pressurized by helium, argon, and xenon. When the model is used with ground-state potentials inferred from atomic-beam experiments, and when the excited state is described by $V=\frac{G}{{R}^{12}}\ensuremath{-}\frac{D}{{R}^{6}}$, the following reliable parameters were determined: helium, $G=0.459\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.060$ and $D=\ensuremath{-}0.614\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.061$; argon, $G=6.48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20$ and $D=5.23\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$; xenon, $G=53.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5.8$ and $D=19.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.57$, where the units of $G$ are ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}102}$ erg ${\mathrm{cm}}^{12}$ and of $D$ are ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}58}$ erg ${\mathrm{cm}}^{6}$.
Effect of PCB concentration on reductive dechlorination and dechlorination potential in natural sediments

Abstract The effect of PCB concentration on microbial reductive dechlorination was examined using two individual congeners, 2,3,4- and 2,3,4,2′,4′,5′-chlorobiphenyl (CBP), at four concentrations ranging from 4 to 35 ppm. Dechlorination potential in PCB-contaminated river sediments was also determined as the length of the lag period in a single congener dechlorination assay using contaminated sediments as inocula. Dechlorination of 2,3,4-CBP was concentration-dependent and occurred at all concentrations by 14 weeks and the residual concentration of the parent congener appeared to be the same regardless of the initial concentrations. By contrast, 2,3,4,2′,4′,5′-CBP showed dechlorination only at the highest concentration after 23 weeks. The concentration dependence and the lag period thus were congener-specific. Dechlorination potential, measured as the length of the lag before dechlorination of 3,4,5-CBP, seemed to be longer with inocula prepared from sediments with lower ambient PCB concentrations. Taken together, these results imply that in situ dechlorination may not be able to occur in areas with low ambient PCB levels because both dechlorination rate and dechlorination potential are concentration-dependent. In sediments which are no longer submerged, dechlorinating activity was not found.
Digital cameras for reproducing radiologic images: evaluation of three cameras.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of three consumer-grade digital cameras in reproducing radiologic images for teaching purposes. CONCLUSION. These experiments showed that relatively inexpensive and generally available digital cameras can be used for capturing radiologic images suitable for computer-based education, production of lecture slides, and perhaps for publication.
Quasi-cyclic ldpc code design for block-fading channels

We investigate quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes for nonergodic block-fading channels. A construction method for designing QC-LDPC codes is presented. With careful design, the proposed QC-LDPC codes exhibit the same good performance as their corresponding random root- LDPC codes introduced in [1] using iterative belief-propagation (BP) decoding. Moreover, the structure of the proposed QCLDPC codes makes an efficient encoding method possible.
Interim study findings from R&D of long term future communications candidates for the National Airspace System (NAS)

• A study is being conducted to identify a number of long term candidates for meeting future NAS ATM data comm needs - 50 year time horizon • List of Potential Comm Candidates has been identified - Initial evaluations of the candidates have been completed - Additional evaluations are being worked • Interim results are available - One of the next steps is to prioritize candidates. We have intentionally not yet prioritized the candidates until all the initial evaluations are completed. • Before any candidate would seriously be considered for NAS operations, further analysis, stakeholder vetting, additional cost/benefits, etc. is needed
Graduate students in conservation biology: Bridging the research–implementation gap

Abstract There is a growing consensus that a gap exists between research conducted at academic institutions and information available to practitioners that implement research into conservation policy and practice. Here, I review common recommendations for bridging the Research–Implementation Gap in conservation biology, highlight the unique abilities of graduate students to contribute solutions to this problem, and propose ways research institutions and professionals can encourage graduate students to participate in this process. While some appropriately point out that the main purpose of graduate school is to focus on research, I argue that being exposed early to the broader issues of research and implementation enhances the graduate research experience, helps train students to become leaders in conservation science, and contributes both immediate and long-term solutions to the research–implementation problem.
Trust and Member Satisfaction in a Developing Virtual Organization: The Roles of Leader Contact and Experience with Technology

Previous research suggests that trust is an important antecedent to effective collaboration in virtual settings. The current research utilized survey data obtained from a developing virtual organization to examine the relationship between trust and satisfaction and the extent to which leadership contact factored into trust and satisfaction within the developing virtual organization. Additionally, previous experience with technology was proposed to moderate the relationship between leader contact and trust. Results indicated that contact with multiple leaders was positively related to perceptions of trust within the organization. Further, perceptions of trust were related to satisfaction with relationships within the organization. The proposed moderation was not supported. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
The performance of IMPATT diodes under the influence of gamma radiation

IMPATT diodes have been tested under the influence of 1.85×106R/h gamma radiation from a 1.5- MeV Van de Graaf generator. No measurable change in performance has been observed during or after irradiation. A 100 to 300-fold increase in bias current was measured in the preavalanche region of operation.
A model for the design of gas-solid reactors

An approximate equation enabling the prediction of the extent of reaction of a porous particle with a gas has recently been published. The equation, which is sufficiently accurate for engineering purposes, is simple to use once the various physical constants involved are known. This paper is concerned with the use of this approximate equation together with a suitable particle size distribution to predict the extent of reaction of a porous solid fed to a reactor as a function of residence time. The results are applicable to the design and optimization of batch, back-mix, or plug flow reactors in which noncatalytic gas-solid reactions take place.
Programmer-controlled roundoff and the selection of a stable roundoff rule

The author suggests that every computer with floating-point addition and subtraction should have PSW control able roundoff facilities. Yohe's catalog should be included. There should also be a stable roundoff mode using the round-to-off or round-to-even rule based on whether the radix is divisible by four or only by two.
Photophysics and photochemistry of rhenium(V)-nitrogen triple bonds

Abstract Photophysical and photochemical studies on new nitrido and imido complexes of the type [NRe(diphos) 2 Cl] + and [PhNRe(diphos) 2 Cl] 2+ ] respectively, enable a direct comparison of excited state properties to be made (diphos is a diphosphine ligand). The two main findings follow are; 1) that the excited states are dramatically more nucleophilic than the ground state, and, 2) that the “ligand field” of the phenylimido group is weaker than that of the nitrido ligand.
The Benefits of Random Variable Practice for Spatial Accuracy and Error Detection in a Rapid Aiming Task

Abstract The role of blocked and random variable practice in the development of a spatial error detection mechanism in 2 experiments was investigated in the present study. Twenty-four (Experiment 1) and 40 (Experiment 2) college-aged participants made either 20, 40, or 60° quick lever reversal movements in the sagittal plane. During acquisition in both experiments, blocked practice resulted in less spatial absolute constant error(|CE|) relative to the random group. The blocked practice group showed a smaller mean absolute objective-subjective difference than the random practice group during acquisition (Experiment 1). On no-knowledge of results retention tests in both studies, the random practice group showed a smaller spatial (|CE|) and a smaller mean absolute objective-subjective difference than the blocked practice group, even on a novel amplitude (Experiment 2). The study demonstrated the advantage of random variable practice over blocked variable practice on retention tests for spatial performance an...
A Nonlinear Time-Varying Mathematical Analog of the Gluco-Corticoid Control

The basic characteristics contributing to the nonlinear time-varying gluco-corticoid control mechanism in 300-gram male rats fasted 18 hours have been formulated. Intact animal time responses of the plasma levels of corticosterone to intraperitoneally injected doses of 50, 200, and 500 ?g/kg simulated on an analog computer were compared with the experimental results. Nonlinear time-dependent characteristics of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal complex, previously unobtainable experimentally, were arrived at indirectly through the use of experimental data and simple control theory analysis. Involved compartmental analysis of the complex kinetics for the intraperitoneally injected dose was bypassed by using experimental data and concepts of control mechanisms. The model was found to be compatible with the linear model of Yates.
Harmonic wavelet joint transform correlator: analysis, algorithm, and application to image denoising

We propose analysis and algorithm implementation for a novel harmonic wavelet joint transform correlator (HWJTC) for image noise reduction and automatic target recognition (ATR) applications. We investigate useful properties of the HWJTC and apply our novel correlator in ATR for both noiseless and noisy synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Performance is demonstrated in reducing both simulated speckle noise and realistic clutter noise for SAR images. We also compare its performance with that of a well-established image denoising technique such as wavelet packet (WP) processing. The test images used in our simulation are obtained from a CAD simulation model such as Xpatch and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Moving and Stationary Target Recognition (MSTAR) program's synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image databases respectively. Simulation results show improved noise tolerance for HWJTC.
An analysis of initial and follow-up CT findings in intramural hematoma, aortic double-lumen dissection, and mixed type lesions.

BackgroundAlthough the clinical presentation of intramural hematoma (IMH) and aortic double-lumen dissection (AD) is similar, the imaging results and subsequent clinical course of the two lesions differ.PurposeTo compare the clinical and radiological findings of IMH, AD, and mixed type lesions.Material and MethodsForty-two patients with IMH, 38 with AD, and 10 with mixed type lesions were imaged with post-contrast-enhanced CT. The most proximal ulcer-like lesions and entry tears and the distal ends of the IMH and AD were evaluated. The interval change of the intramural hematoma, ulcer-like lesion, and false lumen was observed. The pathological findings of the aorta were evaluated in 15 patients.ResultsThe most proximal ulcer-like lesion and entry tear were located in the arch to the descending aorta in 27 (64.2%) of the 42 patients with IMH and in 24 (63.1%) of the 38 patients with AD. The distal extension was located at the iliac arteries in six (14.3%) patients with IMH and in 31 (81.6%) patients with A...
Structural Stability and Reconfiguration of International Joint Ventures

Previous research suggests that international joint ventures (IJVs) are inherently unstable and fragile. This view has failed, however, to explain why many IJVs have an extended longevity and stability. This paper draws on two contrasting perspectives from organization theory (structural instability and structural inertia) to trace both the destabilizing and stabilizing forces in IJVs, and argues that a complete understanding of an IJV's dynamic evolution requires consideration of both forces.
p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 reverses the antianalgesia induced by dextro-morphine or morphine in the mouse spinal cord

We have previously demonstrated that intrathecal pretreatment with dextro-morphine or morphine attenuates the morphine-produced antinociception. The phenomenon has been defined as antianalgesia, which is mediated by a non-opioid receptor [Wu, H., Thompson, J., Sun, H., Terashvili, M., Tseng, L.F., 2005. Antianalgesia: stereo-selective action of dextro-morphine over levo-morphine on glia in the mouse spinal cord. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 314, 1101-1108]. To determine if p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is involved in the antianalgesia, the effects of p38 MAPK inhibitor 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-imidazole (SB203580) on the attenuation of the morphine-produced tail-flick inhibition induced by dextro-morphine or morphine were studied in male CD-1 mice. Intrathecal pretreatment with SB203580 (24.2 nmol) reversed the attenuation of the morphine-produced tail-flick inhibition induced by dextro-morphine (33 fmol) or morphine (0.3 nmol) pretreatment. The finding indicates that the antianalgesia induced by dextro-morphine or morphine is mediated by the activation of p38 MAPK in the mouse spinal cord.
Realization of a translator for Janus

The Janus programming language, viewed as the assembler for an abstract machine with a tree-based memory system, is of theoretical and practical interest, e.g., Pascal compilers. Many widely accepted theoretical formulations and conceptualizations are incorporated into it. We share these interests, but primarily want to utilize the system for its portability and other pragmatic contributions. Realizations of the abstract machine on a real machine is of interest as the complementary component in the study of language development.The central purpose of this paper is to describe some basic aspects of the implementation of Janus especially as they relate to a Data General Eclipse S/l30 (in the Computer Laboratory at Alabama-Birmingham). These implementation features have been driven by certain computing goals, mostly in non-numerical areas: table processing, list processing, and logic programming. Recent progress has focused on such topics as the core computation features and realization of a decision-table interpreter (which is part of a complex of table processors that incorporate up to five different machines). The paper overviews the various aspects of this work and focuses on the details in major applications.
Comparison of linear weighting schemes for perfect match and mismatch gene expression levels from microarray data.

Background: Data analytic approaches to Affymetrix® microarray data include: (a) a covariate model, in which the observed signal is some estimated linear function of perfect match (PM) and mismatch (MM) signals; (b) a difference model [PM-MM]; and (c) a PM-only model, in which MM data is not utilized. Methods: By decomposing the correlations among the variables in the statistical model and making certain assumptions, we theoretically derive the statistical model that reflects the actual gene expression level under a variety of conditions expected in microarray data. Results and conclusion: When modeling non-systematic variation, the covariate model provides maximum flexibility and often reflects the actual gene expression levels better than the difference model. However, the PM-only model demonstrates superior power in an overwhelming majority of realistic situations, which provides theoretical support for the current trend to employ PM-only models in microarray data analyzes.
DEVELOPMENT OF A GLOBAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE FOR MODULAR SELF-WIPING COROTATING TWIN SCREW EXTRUDERS

An analysis software for intermeshing modular corotating twin screw extruders was developed. A global computation model was incorporated in analysis software. The development of the composite model simulation of solids conveying, melting, and melt flow in a modular corotating twin screw extruder is described. We discuss the applications of simulation which predict axial fill factor, pressure, temperature, torque, power consumption, specific energy consumption, and average residence time. Design analyses for modular corotating twin screw extruders with multiple ports are presented for the various processing conditions. The results are compared for different size of machines. These computation results can assist the process-designing engineer in the optimization of an extruder design and operation parameters for various usage of machine.
Convergence rates for single hidden layer feedforward networks

Abstract By allowing the training set to become arbitrarily large, appropriately trained and configured single hidden layer feedforward networks converge in probability to the smooth function that they were trained to estimate. A bound on the probabilistic rate of convergence of these network estimates is given. The convergence rate is calculated as a function of the sample size n. If the function being estimated has square integrable mth order partial derivatives then the L2-norm estimation error approaches O p ( n − 1 2 ) for large m. Two steps are required for determining these bounds. A bound on the rate of convergence of approximations to an unknown smooth function by members of a special class of single hidden layer feedforward networks is determined. The class of networks considered can embed Fourier series. Using this fact and results on approximation properties of Fourier series yields a bound on L2-norm approximation error. This bound is less than O ( q − 1 2 ) for approximating a smooth function by networks with q hidden units. A modification of existing results for bounding estimation error provides a general theorem for calculating estimation error convergence rates. Combining this result with the bound on approximation rates yields the final convergence rates.
The Black Lake shear zone: A boundary between terranes in the Adirondack Lowlands, Grenville Province

Abstract The Black Lake shear zone has been proposed as a potentially important tectonic boundary between the Frontenac and Adirondack Lowlands terranes based on geologic and isotopic evidence. We present new structural, geochronologic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) results from the Black Lake area that constrain the location, kinematics and timing of deformation in the region. Both structural and AMS results document a northeast trending zone of high strain between Black Lake and the Saint Lawrence River. Within this zone, strain is heterogeneous and includes a strongly developed sub-vertical northeast trending foliation. Less commonly, two orthogonal lineation sets are present; one that is sub-horizontal and another that is down dip. The foliation and granitic dikes are locally folded forming tight to isoclinal northeast trending folds. Kinematic indicators show thrust deformation in areas of down-dip lineation but are mixed in areas of sub-horizontal lineation with a slight majority suggesting left-lateral shear. These results suggest major northwest directed shortening accommodated by flattening and ductile thrust faults, possibly with a component of sub-horizontal shear. The two lineations may have formed during discrete episodes or synchronously during transpression. U–Pb SHRIMP geochronology on igneous titanite from deformed dikes, in combination with previous geochronology, show that significant deformation occurred from ca. 1170–1100 Ma. This deformation likely occurred during the late stages of the Shawinigan orogeny and may record accretion of the Adirondacks to the margin of Laurentia during terrane assembly.
Macewen's sign—“The cracked pot sound”

“The cracked pot sound,” Macewen’s sign, was originally described by Macewen in his book, Pyogenic infective diseases of the brain and spinal cord in 1893. The method of elicitation of differential cranial percussion as an aid to cerebral diagnosis was practiced by him for years, particularly in children.
Boundary element formulations for large strain-large deformation problems of viscoplasticity

Abstract Boundary element formulations with numerical solution strategies, for viscoplasticity problems in the presence of large strains and large deformations, are presented in this paper.
Effects of undernutrition by rearing in large litters on acquisition and memory of active-avoidance learning in mice

To determine the effects of early undernutrition on learning and long-term memory, Swiss mice were cross-fostered randomly at birth to produce litter sizes of 6 and 16, thereby providing “normally nourished” and “undernourished” conditions. At 28 days of age, the pups were housed in groups of 3 and 4, with ad-lib access to food and water until testing began at 60 days of age. Each mouse received 50 active-avoidance training trials daily for 14 consecutive days. Retention testing began 14 days after the end of original training and consisted of 50 trials daily for 5 days. Overall, mice reared in large litters suffered deficits in learning but not in long-term memory.
Understanding the Central Pharmacokinetics of Spheroidal Oral Drug Absorption System (SODAS) Dexmethylphenidate: A Positron Emission Tomography Study of Dopamine Transporter Receptor Occupancy Measured With C-11 Altropane

OBJECTIVE Pediatric studies of the long-acting formulation (spheroidal oral drug absorption system [SODAS]) of the isomer dexmethylphenidate have shown a dose-dependent efficacy through 12 hours. However, there are no studies of central nervous system (CNS) dopamine transporter occupancies. METHOD Eighteen healthy volunteers underwent positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with C-11 altropane before and after administration of oral doses of SODAS dexmethylphenidate. Each group of 6 subjects received 1 of 3 doses (20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg) before PET imaging at 1, 8, 10, 12 (20 mg and 30 mg), or 1, 8, 10, and 14 (40 mg) hours after dosing. Transporter occupancy was calculated by standard methods. The study was conducted from January 2007 through December 2007. RESULTS For all doses, plasma dexmethylphenidate levels and CNS dopamine transporter occupancies were greatest at 8 hours and decreased over time at 10, 12, and 14 hours. Plasma dexmethylphenidate levels were correlated to dose (P < .003). Mean plasma levels were ≥ 6 ng/mL to at least 8 hours with 20 mg (5.7 ng/mL), 10 hours with 30 mg, and 12 hours (extrapolated) with 40 mg. Dopamine transporter occupancies in the right caudate were 47% at 8 hours with 20 mg, 42% at hour 10 with 30 mg, and 46% (extrapolated) at hour 12 with 40 mg. Dopamine transporter occupancy was significantly correlated with plasma concentration of dexmethylphenidate (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the study hypothesis that central dopamine transporter occupancy parallels peripheral pharmacokinetic findings in orally administered long-acting dexmethylphenidate in later hours after administration. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00593138.
Detection of micro invasion during progression in preneoplastic human breast xenograft model

Xenografted MCF10AT cell lines develop regions resembling human proliferative breast disease including atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ (CIS). The lesions are truly preneoplastic because progression to invasive carcinoma occurs. Sporadic, stepwise progression produces xenografts in which relatively normal ducts, hyperplastic ducts, CIS, and invasive carcinoma may coexist. However, early invasive events are difficult to discern. A silver stain that identifies basement membrane due to the content of glycoprotein was used to define areas of invasiveness. The method confirms the progressive nature of the xenograft model, identifies micro invasive fronts, and allows definitive classification of lesion components.
Centrosome Reduction during Mouse Spermiogenesis

The sperm does not contribute the centrosome during murine fertilization. To determine the manner in which a functional centrosome is reduced, we have studied centrosome degeneration during spermiogenesis of mice. The round spermatids display normal centrosomes consisting of a pair of centrioles along with gamma-tubulin containing foci. However, they do not seem to organize microtubules. Elongating spermatids display gamma-tubulin spots in the neck region, while microtubules are organized from the perinuclear ring as the manchette. Electron microscopic studies using immunogold labeling revealed that gamma-tubulin is mainly localized in the centriolar adjunct from which an aster of microtubules emanates. Microtubules repolymerized randomly in the cytoplasm after nocodazole treatment and reversal. gamma-Tubulin dissociates from the neck region and is discarded in the residual bodies during spermiation. The distal centriole degenerates during testicular stage of spermiogenesis, while the proximal centriole is lost during epididymal stage. Loss of centrosomal protein and centrioles in mouse sperm further confirm the maternal inheritance of centrosome during murine fertilization.
2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMFu): An Internal Standard for the “Traceless” Quantitation of Unknown Samples via 1H NMR†

The use of 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMFu) as an internal standard for the quantitation of unknown samples by 1H NMR is described. DMFu was selected based upon its low chemical reactivity, good solubility in standard NMR solvents, appropriate volatility (bp 92 °C), and the chemical shifts of its two singlets (5.80 and 2.20 ppm). In particular, the widely separated singlets of DMFu offer two advantages over more traditional “single peak” internal standards (e.g., hexamethyldisiloxane): (1) they reduce the possibility for overlap between analyte and internal standard signals; and (2) they enable the chemist to assess the accuracy of integration (and ergo, the quantitation) by calculating the ratio of the two singlets and comparing the observed ratio to the theoretical value. Our experiments have shown that the precision of the ratio of DMFu singlets strongly correlates to the precision of sample quantitation, an observation which greatly simplifies the assessment of the quality of the quantitation. Utilizing this...
Very short polarization splitting/combining using two horizontally-slotted waveguides

We propose a very short polarization splitter/combiner using two horizontally-slotted waveguides. A 46.7-µm conversion length is achieved with 22 dB extinction ratio. The bandwidth is 18 nm for ER≫20 dB.
Molecular dynamics simulation of nanoscale machining of copper

Molecular dynamics simulations of the nanometric cutting of single-crystal copper were performed with the embedded atom method. The nature of material removal, chip formation, material defects and frictional forces were simulated. Nanometric cutting was found to comprise two steps: material removal as the tool machines the top surface, followed by relaxation of the work material to a low defect configuration, after the tool or abrasive particle has passed over the machined region. During nanometric cutting there is a local region of higher temperature and stress below the tool, for large cutting speeds. Relaxation anneals this excess energy and leads to lower dislocation work material. At high cutting speeds (180 m s−1), the machined surface is rough but the work material is dislocation free after the large excess energy has annealed the work material. At lower cutting speeds (1.8– 18 m s−1), the machined surface is smooth, with dislocations remaining in the substrate, and there is only a small excess temperature in the work material after machining. The size of the chip grows with increasing cutting speed.
Second‐order calculation on the doublet Pi CO shape resonance

This article reports the results of a calculation in the doublet pi shape resonance occurring near 1.70 cV for the carbon monoxide molecule. The method employed is coordinate rotation as applied to the second-order electron propagator. We have obtained results for the resonance energy within a small Gaussian molecular basis set which are in substantia) agreement with experiment. The width of this state is less-well represented by the small basis employed in the calculation.
Exchange-rate volatility and industry trade between the U.S. and Malaysia

Abstract Previous research that investigated the impact of exchange rate volatility on the trade flows of Malaysia concentrated only on the aggregate exports of Malaysia to the rest of the world. In this paper we first concentrate on the trade flows between Malaysia and the U.S. After showing that exchange rate volatility has neither short-run nor long-run effect on the trade flows between the two countries, we disaggregate the trade data by industry and consider the experience of 101 U.S. exporting industries to Malaysia and 17 U.S. importing industries from Malaysia. While exchange rate volatility seems to have significant short-run effects on the trade flows of most industries, short-run effects translate into the long run only in a limited number of small industries.
INTERPLAY OF MUTANT AND WILD-TYPE PIGMENT CELLS IN CHIMERIC LEOPARD FROGS.

Abstract The semidominant mutant gene burnsi (B) suppresses the formation of the dorsal spots (aggregations of dermal melanophores) that confer upon the wild-type frog (Rana pipiens) its characteristic leopard-like pattern. Mutant action was appraised by analyzing the interaction of contiguous burnsi and wild-type tissues in experimentally produced chimeric frogs. Two embryos in early tailbud development, one burnsi (Bb) and the other wild-type (bb), were each cut in half across the middle of the body, and the genetically different front halves were interchanged. Twenty-four chimeric embryos were carried through and beyond metamorphosis, of which 13 comprised the union of anterior burnsi halves to posterior wild-type halves (burnsi:wild-type) and 11 represented the reverse fusion (wild-type:burnsi). The primary objective was to deduce whether factors endogenous or exogenous to the spot-forming melanophores are primarily responsible for the difference in mutant and wild-type pigmentary patterns. It appears that the mutant burnsi gene alters principally the intrinsic properties of the melanoblasts. That the pigment cell is modified in some way by the mutant gene is suggested by the failure, to a variable extent, of wild-type melanoblasts to form spots in the posterior half of a burnsi:wild-type chimeric frog. A provisional interpretation is that burnsi propigment cells infiltrate the posterior wild-type terrain and inhibit or curtail the aggregative movements of the wild-type melanoblasts. The antagonistic influences of the burnsi melanoblasts may wane as they complete their differentiation. Accordingly, some of the wild-type pigment cells, previously held in abeyance, may then satisfy their inherent tendency to congregate into spots. In the reciprocal chimeric combination, wild-type:burnsi, it is likely that the wild-type melanoblasts invade the burnsi terrain. Once again, impeditive activities of resident burnsi melanoblasts apparently prevent the emigrant wild-type pigment cells from fulfilling their aggregative potential. It may be thought that an accessory inhibiting factor is some unfavorable condition in the tissue environment of the melanoblasts, but data from other lines of inquiry indicate that the burnsi environmental tissue is suitable for the differentiation of wild-type melanoblasts.
Using the interactive systems framework to support a quality improvement approach to dissemination of evidence-based strategies to promote early detection of breast cancer: planning a comprehensive dynamic trial.

Dissemination efforts must optimize interventions for new settings and populations. As such, dissemination research should incorporate principles of quality improvement. Comprehensive Dynamic Trial (CDT) designs examine how information gained during dissemination may be used to modify interventions and improve performance. Although CDT may offer distinct advantages over static designs, organizing the many necessary roles and activities is a significant challenge. In this article, we discuss use of the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation to systematically implement a CDT. Specifically, we describe “Bronx ACCESS”, a program designed to disseminate evidence-based strategies to promote adherence to mammography guidelines. In Bronx ACCESS, the Intervention Delivery System will elicit information needed to adapt strategies to specific settings and circumstances. The Intervention Synthesis and Translation System will use this information to test changes to strategies through “embedded experiments”. The Intervention Support System will build local capacities found to be necessary for intervention institutionalization. Simulation modeling will be used to integrate findings across systems. Results will inform on-going policy debate about interventions needed to promote population-level screening. More generally, this project is intended to advance understanding of research paradigms necessary to study dissemination.
Artifacts in emission spectral studies by the Cary 14 spectrophotometer. Corrigendum in the proposed singlet molecular oxygen emission from a tungsten lamp

Abstract Intense sharp bands previously observed in the emission spectrum from an incandescent tungsten lamp and tentatively assigned to transitions in molecular oxygen have now been shown to be artifacts of the single beam mode of the Cary 14 spectrophotometer.
Cardiovascular disease in women.

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in American women. Atherosclerotic diseases, primarily myocardial infarction and stroke, are important causes of morbidity and mortality among women. Contrary to popular belief, the actual number of myocardial infarctions in men and women is similar, although women develop cardiovascular disease an average of 10 years later than do men. Total serum cholesterol level is a major indicator of risk of coronary heart disease; for every 1% increase in the total serum cholesterol level, a 2% increase in incidence of coronary heart disease is found. A high level of low-density lipoproteins is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease in both men and women, but high triglyceride level is an independent risk factor only in women. Conversely, the higher the level of high-density lipoprotein, the lower the risk of coronary heart disease. To reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, target levels of total serum cholesterol must be lowered from 300 to 200 mg/dl. If the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio is ≥4.5 or if the low-density lipoprotein concentration is >150 mg/dl, the patient is at high risk for coronary heart disease. Clinical trials that use diet or drugs to lower serum cholesterol levels have consistently shown a 2% reduction in the incidence of coronary heart disease for every 1% reduction in total serum cholesterol level.
The Modification of Davydov Solitons by the Extrinsic H-N-C=O Group

The molecular mechanisms which underlie general anesthesia are not clearly understood. First, there are two chemically disparate classes of pharmacologic agents to consider (both intravenous and volatile) which induce general anesthesia. Second, investigators in the field are divided into two differing camps of thought: (1) those who believe that anesthetics work by altering normal membrane fluidity, and (2) those who believe that anesthetics work by perturbing normal protein function. Recently, there is growing evidence that the “perturbed protein” hypothesis holds greater promise over the “altered fluidity” hypothesis in explaining the molecular mechanisms of general anesthesia.1The simplest working idea is that general anesthetics act by binding directly to a particularly sensitive protein, which may or may not be located in a lipid membrane, and inhibiting its normal function.