cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mitoxantrone (NSC 301739) in patients with advanced cervical carcinoma: a phase II study of the gynecologic oncology group

Twenty-six evaluable patients with advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated with mitoxantrone at a dosage of 12 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Twenty-five of 26 patients had had prior irradiation and 24 prior chemotherapy. There were two partial responses, one in a patient with pelvic recurrence and another in a patient with a right upper quadrant mass. Progression-free intervals for these two patients were 5.1 and 4.6 months, respectively. Toxicity was moderate and consisted mainly of leukopenia. No septic or bleeding complications were observed. Mitoxantrone is minimally active in patients with advanced cervical cancer who have been previously treated.
Storytelling Narratives: Social Bonding as Key for Youth at Risk

This research used a structured storytelling narrative methodology to capture the lived experience of youth participants to identify effective factors that helped them in three programs in Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties, California. Thirty-nine youth aged 8–17 participated in two storytelling protocols at their home sites; one was a written narrative of a vivid experience in the project, and the second was a group story about a character who had been a participant. Categorical content analysis reported the following themes: positive peer experiences, caring adults, family atmosphere and learning new skills particularly computer literacy. Participants reported changing from being isolated or acting out to succeeding in school.
Computational prediction of effective magnetostriction and moduli of multiphase magnetostrictive composites

Abstract The effective magnetostriction and moduli are important properties of magnetostrictive composites. The focus of this paper was to develop a micromechanics model to predict the effective magnetostriction and moduli of the multiphase composites containing magnetostrictive phases. The present model was extended from the VAMUCH, a recently developed general purpose micromechanics model. The influences of interphase and constituent properties on the effective magnetostriction were analyzed using VAMUCH as well. VAMUCH provides an efficient way to analyze multiphase magnetostrictive composites.
Behavioral preferences for bamboo in a pair of captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are members of the order Carnivora. Their diet, however, consists almost entirely of bamboo. Herbivores are under strong pressure to be selective in what they eat because of the low digestibility of plant material. The purpose of this study was to determine whether two captive giant pandas exhibited preferences among three species of bamboo: black (Phyllostachys nigra), bissetii (Phyllostachys bissetii), and arrow (Pseudosasa japonica). Eighteen classic choice trials were conducted in which the species were randomly paired and placed in one of two predetermined locations in the giant pandas’ indoor enclosures. The pandas preferred leaves to culms or branches for each bamboo species. In the first hour of exposure, both pandas exhibited a preference for arrow bamboo. A comparison of total bamboo consumption over the course of the night indicated a strong preference for arrow bamboo by the male. The female exhibited equal preference for both arrow and bissetii over black bamboo. Further examination of feeding behavior determined that the pandas processed arrow bamboo behaviorally more efficiently than the other two species. This is the first study to experimentally assess bamboo preferences in giant pandas, and may have implications for husbandry and management programs as well as strategies for in situ conservation. Zoo Biol 24:177–183, 2005. � c 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a 6-week-old child.

A 6-week-old infant is described who had autoimmune hemolytic anemia manifested by severe anemia, a low reticulocyte count, an anerythroid bone marrow, and a strongly positive direct antiglobulin reaction of the red cells. Mild ABO hemolytic disease had been present at birth. However, the panagglutinin in the child's serum was shown to be distinct from any antibody in the mother. The autoimmune hemolytic anemia persisted beyond the age of 17 months. The infant did not respond to large doses of prednisone, but improved with ACTH therapy. Despite the usual low antigenic capacity of the newborn, severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia may occur in this age period.
Four‐dimensional magnetic resonance velocity mapping of blood flow patterns in the aorta in patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease compared to age‐matched normal subjects

Purpose To test the hypothesis that age and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) may influence aortic blood flow patterns. Materials and Methods A total of 21 patients with CAD, 37–86 years old, were studied, together with 20 age-matched normal subjects. Time-resolved, three-direction velocity data over an entire volume were obtained with sequential single-slice two-dimensional cardiac-gated magnetic resonance (MR) velocity-encoded phase-contrast sequences. Results In both normal subjects and CAD patients, the time it took for particles to travel from aortic valve to descending aorta was significantly longer in the elderly age group than in the younger (37–46 years old). This time was significantly longer in patients than in normal subjects. Systolic velocities were significantly higher in young normal subjects than in elderly normal subjects, and significantly lower in CAD patients than in age-matched normal subjects. Retrograde velocity was higher in CAD patients than in normal subjects, and higher in elderly CAD patients than in young. Conclusion CAD patients have abnormal blood flow patterns in the aorta compared with age-matched normal subjects, especially young patients ages 37–46. The aging process has a similar effect on blood flow patterns as atherosclerosis. Ascending aorta flow is chaotic in some very elderly normal subjects and in CAD patients of all ages. Chaotic aortic flow may result in reduced blood flow into the coronary arteries. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:417–427. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Discriminative training methods for language models using conditional entropy criteria

This paper addresses the problem of discriminative training of language models that does not require any transcribed acoustic data. We propose to minimize the conditional entropy of word sequences given phone sequences, and present two settings in which this criterion can be applied. In an inductive learning setting, the phonetic/acoustic confusability information is given by a general phone error model. A transductive approach, in contrast, obtains that information by running a speech recognizer on test-set acoustics, with the goal of optimizing the test-set performance. Experiments show significant recognition accuracy improvements in both rescoring and first-pass decoding experiments using the transductive approach, and mixed results using the inductive approach.
Leakage Current Based Stabilization Scheme for Robust Sense-Amplifier Design for Yield Enhancement in Nano-scale SRAM

In this paper, we develop a method to analyze the probability of access failure in SRAM array (due to random Vt variation in transistors) by jointly considering variations in cell and senseamplifiers. Our analysis shows that, improving robustness of senseamplifier is extremely important for reducing memory access failure probability and improving yield. We present a process variation tolerant sense amplifier suitable for SRAM array designed in sub- 100nm CMOS technologies. The proposed technique reduces the failure probability of sense amplifiers by more than 80% with negligible penalty in the sensing delay.
Dereplication, sequencing and identification of peptidic natural products: from genome mining to peptidogenomics to spectral networks

Covering: 2000 to 2015 While recent breakthroughs in the discovery of peptide antibiotics and other Peptidic Natural Products (PNPs) raise a challenge for developing new algorithms for their analyses, the computational technologies for high-throughput PNP discovery are still lacking. We discuss the computational bottlenecks in analyzing PNPs and review recent advances in genome mining, peptidogenomics, and spectral networks that are now enabling the discovery of new PNPs via mass spectrometry. We further describe the connections between these advances and the new generation of software tools for PNP dereplication, de novo sequencing, and identification.
Addressing Less Common Languages via Telepractice: A Case Example With Vietnamese

The number of children in the United States who need two languages to communicate in home and school settings is rapidly growing. The challenge to support home and school languages can be daunting ...
Elastic Stability of Annular Thin Plates with One Free Edge

The elastic stability of annular thin plates having one free edge and subjected to axisymmetric radial edge loads at the other edge is investigated. The supported edge is allowed to be either simply supported or clamped against axial (transverse) deflection. Both compression buckling and tension buckling (wrinkling) are investigated. To insure accuracy, two methods of solving the appropriate eigenvalue problems are used and found to yield essentially identical results. A selection of these results for both compression and tension buckling is presented graphically and used to illustrate interesting aspects of the solutions.
The Development of Biological Markers for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

THE early, accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is recognized by health professionals and the general public alike as an important, but thus far unachieved goal. Substantial advances in our understanding of AD have revealed many biological changes that underlie this disorder. Some of these changes might be exploited to aid in the diagnosis of individual patients; however, extending observations from a traditional research study to clinical application is not easy. Studies with substantially different designs are needed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of biological markers. There is no consensus defining what is required to demonstrate the diagnostic value of biological markers. Guidelines are urgently needed to develop diagnostic measures while avoiding their premature use or misapplication. To encourage discussion, I will review what is necessary to establish that a biological marker is diagnostically useful, using the mapping of glucose metabolism with positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) as an example.
Identification of the Origin of Monojet Signatures at the LHC

Several new physics scenarios can lead to monojet signatures at the LHC. If such events are observed above the Standard Model background it will be important to identify their origin. In this paper we compare and contrast these signatures as produced in two very different pictures: vector or scalar unparticle production in the scale-invariant/conformal regime and graviton emission in the Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali extra-dimensional model. We demonstrate that these two scenarios can be distinguished at the LHC for a reasonable range of model parameters through the shape of their respective monojet and/or missing E{sub T} distributions.
Development of a murine hematopoietic progenitor complementary DNA microarray using a subtracted complementary DNA library

With the goal of creating a resource for in-depth study of myelopoiesis, we have executed a 2-pronged strategy to obtain a complementary DNA (cDNA) clone set enriched in hematopoietic genes. One aspect is a library subtraction to enrich for underrepresented transcripts present at early stages of hematopoiesis. For this, a hematopoietic cDNA library from primary murine bone marrow cells enriched for primitive progenitors was used as tester. The subtraction used 10 000 known genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) as driver. The 2304 randomly picked clones from the subtracted cDNA libraries represent 1255 distinct genes, of which 622 (50%) are named genes, 386 (30%) match uncharacterized ESTs, and 247 (20%) are novel. The second aspect of our strategy was to complement this subtracted library with genes known to be involved in myeloid cell differentiation and function. The resulting cDNAs were arrayed on polylysine-coated glass slides. The microarrays were used to analyze gene expression in primary and cultured murine bone marrow–derived progenitors. We found expression of various types of genes, including regulatory cytokines and their receptors, signal transduction genes, and transcription factors. To assess gene expression during myeloid differentiation, we examined patterns of change during induced differentiation of EML cells. Several hundred of the genes underwent fluctuations in expression level during myeloid cell differentiation. The complete database, accessible on the World Wide Web at , allows for retrieval of information regarding these genes. Our microarray allows for genomewide expression analysis of myeloid stem cells, which will help in defining the regulatory mechanisms of stem cell differentiation.
Integration of slanted tether check-valves for high pressure applications

We present a new approach to assemble multiple parylene check-valves to create a new device for high pressure microfluidic applications. By assembling several residual-stress-enhanced slanted tether check-valves in series, the cracking pressure of several psi can be easily achieved. The valve is modeled by extended valve theory considering the unsteady flow effect at the beginning of ckeck-covering plate's opening. A new equivalent diode model is also proposed to analyze and predict the check-valves' microfluidic behavior. Check-valves with thermally pre-stressed slanted tethers are chosen due to its remarkable high cracking pressure of each single check-valve. The slanted tethers are made using linearized partial exposure lithography technique and the tensile stress of the tethers is controlled by annealed in different temperatures. The size of each packaged single check-valve can be as small as 2 mm in length and 850 µm in diameter and the final packaged device with several integrated check-valves is capable of regulating pressure up to several psi. The testing result shows a higher cracking pressure with more check-valves, proving the series additivity of this model and integration. With its small size and high pressure regulating capability, the new check-valve system can be used to perform high pressure control application where the implantation space is limited. Different kind of parylene check-valves can also be combined to reach different pressure range using this packaging approach.
Case study: using ITS style tools to implement IBM's CUA-2 user interface style

In an empirical case study of software tools, two participants used the ITS style designer's language to implement a general purpose, executable, rule-based user interface style. This language allows style designers to select, combine and modify rule prototypes in order to construct a rule-based user interface style. The participants implemented the entire IBM CUA-2 user interface style, plus nine additional human-computer interaction techniques, in 5–7 person-weeks. This is impressive productivity. Typically the time to complete a single CUA-2 application is measured in person-years, not person-weeks. The style implemented here is reusable by any ITS-implemented application. The achievement reported here shows that about half the work of all ITS-implemented CUA-2 applications has been completed in a few person-weeks. This result demonstrates the power and productivity of the ITS approach and tools. The results of this case study showed that key ‘ready-mades’ (e.g. named attribute groups) provided in the style designer's toolkit could be used intact, which is important for importing or exporting interaction techniques from one style to another style. The results generalize to other computer-literate designers who may want to use these tools to create other user interface styles.
Is Gender a Variable in Conceptions of Rationality? A Survey of Issues*

Summary Philosophic questions about the adequacy of our prevailing Western conceptions of rationality have emerged from the growing recognition that one cannot simply “add women” as objects of knowledge to the existing bodies of our social and natural knowledge. Recent research in psychology and in moral development theory suggests that our understandings of the rationality of human activity are distorted and obscured by systematically identifying as universally desireable, as Human goals, conceptions of the self, others, and the appropriate relationships between the two which are distinctively masculine. The essay suggests some implications of these research findings for the ways philosophers think about “the problems of philosophy”, moral theory, the role of formality and abstractness, and the “rational reconstructions” of the history of science. Resume Des questions philosophiques se sont posees, a propos de ľadequation de nos conceptions occidentales courantes de la rationalite, du fait de la reconnaissance qu'on ne peut pas simplement ajouter les femmes comme objets de connaissance aux corpus existants de notre connais-sance sociale et naturelle. Des recherches recentes en psychologie et en theorie du developpement moral suggerent que notre comprehension de la rationalite de ľactivite humaine est deformee et obscurcie par une identification systematique, comme universellement desirables, comme buts de ľhumanite, des conceptions de soi, des autres et des relations entre les deux qui sont distincte-ment masculines. Cet essai suggere quelques applications de ces resultats de recherche quant a la maniere dont les philosophes pensent les problemes de la philosophies la morale, le role du formel et de ľabstrait et les reconstuctions rationnelles de ľhistoire de la science. Zusammenfassung Philosophische Fragen iber die Angemessenheit unserer vorherrschenden Auffassungen von Rationalitat im Westen sind durch die wachsende Einsicht entstanden, dass man nicht einfach Frauen als Objekte dem bestehenden Korpus unserer Sozial- und Naturwissenschaften hinzufugen kann. Neuere Forschungen in Psychologie und Theorien der moralischen Entwicklung legen nahe, dass unser Verstandnis der Rationalitat von menschlichen Handlungen dadurch verzerrl und verdunkelt wird, dass systematische Auffassungen vom Selbst, den andern und den unter ihnen angebrachten Beziehungen als allgemein wunschbare Ziele anerkannt werden, die spezi-fisch mannlich sind. Es werden einige Implikationen dieser Forschungen t'iir die Art, wie Philoso-phen uber die Probleme der Philosophie denken, aufgezeigt – u.a. in bezug auf die Theorie der Moral, die Rolle der Formalisierung und Abstraktion, und die rationalen Rekonstruktionen der Geschichte der Wissenschaft.
Retroperitoneal histologic findings of patients with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein and pure seminoma at orchiectomy.

OBJECTIVES To report the retroperitoneal histologic findings from a contemporary series of patients with pure seminoma at orchiectomy with an elevated serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level. These patients underwent treatment on the assumption that the lesion was nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT). METHODS We identified 22 patients from 1989 to 2009 with pure seminoma diagnosed at orchiectomy with an elevated serum AFP level (>15 ng/mL) either before or after orchiectomy. The retroperitoneal histologic and relapse data are reported. RESULTS The median preorchiectomy and prechemotherapy serum AFP level was 248 ng/mL (interquartile range 48-4693) and 279 ng/mL (interquartile range 66-5311), respectively. The percentage of patients with clinical Stage I, II, and III disease was 5%, 50%, and 45%, respectively. The percentage of patients with a good, intermediate, and poor risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group was 32%, 32%, and 36%, respectively. Of the 22 patients, 21 underwent induction chemotherapy followed by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Overall, 67% of patients had NSGCT elements in the retroperitoneum. The histologic findings were pure teratoma in 38%, malignant transformation in 14%, and viable NSGCT in 14%. Also, 59% had some component of teratoma in the retroperitoneum. Only 1 patient (5%) had any seminoma in the retroperitoneum, but this patient also had retroperitoneal teratoma. Of the 22 patients, 7 developed a relapse and received salvage chemotherapy. The actuarial relapse-free survival rate at 5 and 10 years was 76% and 61%, respectively, reflecting the high percentage of patients with Stage II-III disease. CONCLUSIONS Pure seminoma at orchiectomy with an elevated serum AFP level portends a high likelihood of NSGCT elements in the retroperitoneum.
Calculating the principal views of a polyhedron

The principal views of polyhedra whose images are line drawings representing images of edges are examined. Several definitions of useful equivalence relations on the set of viewpoints are compared. An algorithm for enumerating the faces in each of the principal views of a convex polyhedron under perspective projection is given; this algorithm admits nontrihedral vertices. An implementation of the algorithm is described. >
Intelligent optical networks: research, education, and industrial programs at the center for telecommunications research

The Center for Telecommunications Research supports research education, industrial collaboration, and technology transfer in the area of integrated telecommunications networks for multimedia information movement and management. Personnel include 23 faculty, 55 fully supported Ph.D. students, 20 unsupported Ph.D. students, 30 master's and bachelor's level students, eight research scientists and engineers, and six administrative workers. The CTR enjoys the active support and participation of 22 companies with whom it regularly interacts to share ideas, formulate policy and research plans, collaborate on specific projects, and transfer research innovations for subsequent commercial development. The research program has been organized into three cross-discipfinary focal projects
FISH: A Novel Peer-to-Peer Overlay Network Based on Hyper-deBruijn

Autonomy, efficiency, robustness and load balancing are four desirable features for Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems. These four features however, are often in conflict with each other. We present a novel P2P architecture, called FISH, based on the Hyper-deBruijn topology. FISH provides flexibility in terms of connections per node and the level of fault-tolerance, and possesses a low diameter. We further address the challenge of dynamic operations of peers by introducing a novel set of algorithms. We also design two variants of Hyper-deBruijn topology for achieving an asymptotical optimal diameter. Comprehensive experiments show that FISH has a good trade-off among the four expected features.
Bear Bodies, Bear Masculinity Recuperation, Resistance, or Retreat?

Bears comprise a subculture of gay men who valorize the larger, hirsute body. This research interrogates Bear culture as a gendered strategy for repudiating effeminacy that simultaneously challenges and reproduces norms of hegemonic masculinity. In this research, the author situates his ethnographic study of a major metropolitan Bear community in its social and historical context to illuminate this paradox, with special emphasis on the embodiment of Bear masculinity and its effect on sexual practice. The author concludes that through a process of embodied agency, Bear culture yields a number of sexually innovative practices that disperse pleasure across the body and disrupt genitally centered, phallusandreceptacle interpretations of sex. However, the subversive potential of these practices is significantly undermined by an attendant set of practices that reflect heteronormative and hegemonically masculine interpretations of sex.
Steps for A Well‐Adjusted Dislocation

The overarching theme of this article is the interface between syntax and pragmatic interpretation. I take the phase system of Chomsky (2000, 2001a) as the basic syntactic framework and add the following assumptions: (i) the pragmatic values presupposition and contrast are linguistic features, assigned to EPP features by an interpretive component called pragmatics, (ii) pragmatics is “invasive” (in the sense of Epstein et al. 1998) and assigns features each time a phase is completed, (iii) assigned pragmatic features remain with the constituent even as it is involved in further syntactic operations, (iv) assigned features cannot be altered. I show how these assumptions make very accurate empirical predictions concerning left and right dislocation and focus fronting in Catalan that are unavailable within a traditional Y-shape model of grammar.
An introduction to the Research Queueing Package

The Research Queueing Package (RESQ) is a general purpose modeling tool for constructing and solving extended queueing network models of computer systems, communication networks, automated manufacturing systems and other types of contention systems. This paper is an introduction to RESQ which describes the basic model elements, submodels, statistical output analysis and graphical results.
Boldly (Not Going) Where We Have Gone Before: The Principles of the Law of Software Contracts

The American Law Institute’s Principles of the Law of Software Contracts (“Principles”) is the latest in a long line of attempts to regularize contract law in the irregular subject matter of software and software contracts. Neither federal courts by applying state law nor state courts have been able to fix the law governing software contracting into any stable regime of contract law so courts have had to inconsistently apply the state common law of contracts, Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code, of the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA), either directly or by analogy, in whole or in part. This article contends that the Principles may be one of the founding documents for an eventual federal common law or statutory law of software contracting. Unfortunately as articulated, the Principles would largely be state law, so the Principles cannot authoritatively define its relationship as a body of contract law with federal law intellectual property law in order to meet the needs of both consumers and the software industry. There is no reason that the jurisdiction that eventually adopts the Principles needs to be either a state legislature or a state court. If the goal of the Principles is to establish a comprehensive rubric to inform and guide the orderly development of the contract law governing software transactions then either the federal courts must abjure the legal fiction that they are merely applying existing state contract law and then to openly develop a federal common law of contract governing software or in deference to Erie retain the fig leaf of being mere scriveners of state law interpretation, and then confront thorny issues of federal preemption and inconsistent state laws governing commercial or consumer transactions for intellectual property rights that are theoretically supposed to be uniform in all fifty states.
Abstract A18: Molecular mechanisms of nuclear receptor‐dependent chromosomal translocations

Chromosomal translocations are a hallmark of leukemia/lymphoma and also appear widespread in solid tumors, but the underlying molecular basis has remained elusive. By establishing a cellular model to dissect specific and inducible translocations in the absence of proliferative selection, we report an androgen receptor (AR)‐dependent pathway for tumor translocation events in prostate cancer cells. This pathway is initiated by binding of liganded AR to specific intronic sites that triggers intra‐ and inter‐chromosomal interactions that place translocation sites in close spatial proximity, and local architectural alterations that permit serial recruitment of an enzymatic machinery, including Activation‐Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) induced by liganded AR and genotoxic stress. Strikingly, this process is enhanced by the expression of the ORF2 endonuclease from LINE‐1 repeats, caused by diminished PIWIL1 and increased AID, generating staggered double‐strand breaks (DSBs) at intronic AR binding sites that result in tumor translocation by components of the Non‐Homologous Ending Joining (NHEJ) mechanism. Together, these findings reveal specific architectural/enzymatic mechanisms underlying well‐defined chromosomal translocations observed in tumors, which may function in many types of tumors and in other biological and pathological processes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A18.
Significance of Eye Opening or Closure in Neonatal Seizure Diagnosis

All archived neonatal seizures in the video database, at University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland, were reviewed and classified according to eyes open or closed during the event.
Trillions of Dollars, Euros, and Pounds Thrown at the Problem

In September and October 2008 a lot of damage was done to market confidence. Bankers, traders, politicians, and government officials were telling everyone who would listen that the financial system was falling apart and the economy at large, at the edge of the precipice, could be saved only through massive injections of capital out of the public purse. But it was not difficult to perceive the lack of any precise plan on how to achieve a turnaround.
Decomposing Images into Layers via RGB-Space Geometry

In digital image editing software, layers organize images. However, layers are often not explicitly represented in the final image, and may never have existed for a scanned physical painting or a photograph. We propose a technique to decompose an image into layers. In our decomposition, each layer represents a single-color coat of paint applied with varying opacity. Our decomposition is based on the image’s RGB-space geometry. In RGB-space, the linear nature of the standard Porter-Duff [1984] “over” pixel compositing operation implies a geometric structure. The vertices of the convex hull of image pixels in RGB-space correspond to a palette of paint colors. These colors may be “hidden” and inaccessible to algorithms based on clustering visible colors. For our layer decomposition, users choose the palette size (degree of simplification to perform on the convex hull), as well as a layer order for the paint colors (vertices). We then solve a constrained optimization problem to find translucent, spatially coherent opacity for each layer, such that the composition of the layers reproduces the original image. We demonstrate the utility of the resulting decompositions for recoloring (global and local) and object insertion. Our layers can be interpreted as generalized barycentric coordinates; we compare to these and other recoloring approaches.
Spawning Observations of Clinch Dace: Comparison of Chrosomus Spawning Behavior

Clinch Dace (Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori), discovered in 1998, is a species of fine-scaled dace confined to northern tributaries of the Upper Clinch River watershed. Only one previous study has documented spawning behavior of Clinch Dace. On June 4–6, 2014, we observed Clinch Dace exhibiting staging and possibly spawning behavior over a gravel nest constructed by either Campostoma or Semotilus. We recorded five video clips totaling over 1 h of spawning behavior. We quantified various behaviors, including: long duration chases, short duration chases, Clinch Dace chasing other species, other species chasing Clinch Dace, Clinch Dace benthic feeding, other species benthic feeding, and nest construction. Analysis revealed an increase in all recorded behaviors between 4 June and 6 June. We speculate 4 June was territorial prespawn behavior and 6 June represented mid spawn/post spawn behaviors. Comparison of spawning observations of all southern Chrosomus species indicates the Clinch Dace is similar to other Chrosomus species in that they seem to prefer pit style nests and exhibit similar spawning aggregation behavior. However, other Chrosomus species in some cases spawn without hosts and seem to spawn within a more specific temperature range than Clinch Dace.
Scramble the Password Before You Type It

Password is widely used for digital authentication. There are a few conflicting issues about password: A strong password must be a long string without obvious patterns; The safe and convenient way to store the password is to memorize it; People cannot remember strong passwords easily. To remember their passwords, people usually create weak passwords and reuse the passwords across sites. Password server is not secure as we hope for. Millions of hashed passwords were leaked and cracked in the last few years. It is important that people increase the password strength on the client side. In this work, we propose a mechanism that increases the password strength on the client side. A password and a few simple facts remembered by the user are used as input to create a strong password. The proposed mechanism also allows user to easily create strong password which is site-unique.
Case Studies in Succession Planning for K12 Districts

Research supports the claim that strong and stable leadership is one of the fundamental elements that influence school effectiveness and student achievement. Effective succession planning can improve student achievement by reducing both principal and teacher turnover. An effective plan will mobilize a pool of qualified candidates who demonstrate extensive knowledge and skill as well as possess the appropriate dispositional attitudes of successful leaders. Effective school leadership is contextual, and circumstances will differ depending on whether there is an urban or rural district setting. Geographically isolated rural educational leaders manage multiple roles with lower salaries and face lack of professional support and communication problems. Differences include district affluence, geographical, socioeconomic, and administrative differences. Succession plans based on communication, administrative support, and effective mentoring and coaching are the most effective.
PERIODIC UV-INDUCED INDEX MODULATIONS IN DOPED-SILICA OPTICAL FIBERS: FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE FIBER BRAGG GRATING

This overview of Bragg gratings in optical fibers (FBG’s) is addressed to those interested in the mechanisms of ultra-violet photosensitivity in doped-silica glass, but minimally familiar with this recently developed optical device. While much study of FBG’s involves their extrinsic properties (optical and mechanical), the discussion heredeals primarily with the significant modifications to the intrinsic properties of doped silica fiber-optic waveguides that follow from exposure to intense ultraviolet light. The presentation will be descriptive, with the goal of introducing as wide a range of photosensitivity effects in silica-based optical fibers as is practical. Where physical models have achieved some degree of acceptance, they will be summarized. Reference will be made to excellent review articles that are authoritative on related subjects falling outside the included topics. Since applications have motivated continued intense study, a brief appendix introduces several FBG-based technologies in terms of relevant intrinsic properties. A central objective is to direct the reader to readily available original publications from the growing community of involved researchers. In particular, a series of meetings dedicated to photosensitivity effects in optical fibers have produced proceedings which encompass a large fraction of the material related here [1,2,3,4,5,6]. By default, the presentation will roughly follow chronology, since no simple relational order can be easily assigned to the diverse and interrelated subject matter.
Culture box: education app on the world through history and time

We propose a tablet-based learning game that features cultures from all countries based on a selected time period. Children are a part of a world that is vast, and they want to interact with it. Discovering and exploring new lands is an activity that promotes open-mindedness, respect and other traits that are important for children in multicultural societies. The child will navigate through a timeline and see selections and locations that had a large impact during that time period, giving them an experience that includes space and time. This will allow them to immerse themselves completely in a culture or time of their choosing to acquire a more complete understand of the world and the cultures in it.
Cloud Reliability and Independence Standard: A Three Tiered System for Optimal Cloud Storage

In today's era of technology and the institutions which take advantage of it, there are many solutions to everyday problems yet many more problems arise. One such example is the onset of cloud computing, which grants the ability to transfer and store large amounts of data without any of the hassles of a physical server. When a large institution such as a hospital utilizes the cloud they take on the inherent risk of that cloud connection being interrupted. If or when this connection is disrupted it can oftentimes lead to an institution to come to a halt. Often times, these institutions either don't have any way to backup their data or have an inadequate solution. The solution being proposed in this paper, Cloud Reliability and Independence Standard (CRIS), is to implement a standard for information storage and backups to be used by all institutions. This leads to the adaptation of a three tiered system that rates how much and how expansive the organization's backup should be. Our solution works to mitigate the issue of connection loss by keeping companies profitable and functional.
An Alternative Concept of Computability

The formation of the current concept of computability (recursivity) is one of the major achievements of twentieth-century logical theory (see e.g. Davis 1965, Rogers 1967, ch. 1). What is especially impressive about this notion is its robustness. Originally, different logicians proposed different and prima facie completely unrelated concepts of computability, among them computability by a Turing machine, definability a la Kleene through a finite number of recursion equations and expressibility in Church’s lambda-calculus. As if by miracle, these different characterizations of computability turned out to coincide. This consilience of apparently unrelated definitions is a telling indication that the notion so captured is indeed theoretically important. It lends prima facie support to the thesis of Church (1936) that mechanically determined (finitely computable) functions (in a pretheoretical sense) are precisely the recursive ones.
Integrating Attitude and Attention Theories

The Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion and the dual-process theory of attention are contrasted. Although these two approaches to the mechanism of information processing are not the same, this paper proposes that these two theories are conceptually consistent and that the concurrent use of both approaches may provide better insights into factors involved in the processing of marketing communications than the use of either approach alone.
Enhanced IgG Hexamerization Mediates Efficient C1q Docking and Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity; Preclinical Proof Of Concept On Primary CLL and Burkitt Lymphoma

Introduction We recently discovered that complement is activated by IgG hexamers that assemble on the surface of cells following antigen binding. The formation of hexamers is dependent on intermolecular interactions in the Fc interface between neighboring IgG molecules. This seminal finding allowed us to identify mutations that enhance the ability of IgG antibodies to bind C1 and induce complement-dependent lysis. Objectives To study the role of Fc-mediated intermolecular contacts in complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of cancer cells by therapeutic IgG antibodies in biological relevant in vitro and in vivo model systems and to exploit this mechanism to improve CDC activity. M&M Based on an IgG hexamer crystal structure, we generated Fc mutations that were predicted to influence Fc:Fc interactions between IgG antibodies and we screened for improved C’ activation. The effect of these mutations on in vitro C1q binding and CDC-mediated killing of tumor B cell lines and patient-derived chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) cells was studied with therapeutic antibodies targeting different B cell antigens. The effect of a CDC-enhancing mutation was further studied in a Burkitt lymphoma xenograft model. Results Here we show that the assembly of IgG hexamers on the cell surface represents an important step for efficient complement activation via the classical pathway by therapeutic antibodies against hematological targets. Critical amino acid residues in the Fc:Fc contacts between IgG molecules were identified and individual mutants with increased complement activation generated. Interestingly, introduction of an enhancing mutation was shown to significantly increase complement activation not only of antibodies capable of inducing CDC, but also of antibodies that were devoid of such activity. We provide a proof-of-concept for CD19, Type I and Type II CD20, CD38 and CD52 antibodies. Importantly, we were able to achieve or enable significant CDC of a panel of primary CLL cells by use of this novel approach. Finally, we show that the enhancing mutation resulted in a significant increase in the inhibition of in vivo tumor growth by a CD20 antibody in a subcutaneous Raji xenograft model in SCID mice. Conclusion The data obtained provide a novel insight into the mechanism of complement-dependent lysis. This mechanism is shown to be relevant for a panel of therapeutic antibodies against hematological targets. Mutations that improved the formation of Fc:Fc-mediated hexamerization resulted in strongly increased CDC of complement-resistant primary CLL cells and improved efficacy in an in vivo model with a Burkitt lymphoma cell line. Disclosures: Beurskens: Genmab: Employment. de Jong: Genmab: Employment. Verploegen: Genmab: Employment. Voorhorst: Genmab: Employment. Strumane: Genmab: Employment. Lindorfer: Genmab: Research Funding. Taylor: Genmab: Research Funding. Schuurman: Genmab: Employment. Parren: Genmab: Employment.
Using Pictures and Shapes in Your Documents

To give your documents visual interest, you can add various types of graphical content to them—graphics themselves (I’ll use this term to cover all kinds of pictures and images), shapes (anything from a simple arrow or circle to a complex shape), charts, and even movies.
Self-Study As Teaching

The title of this chapter reflects an interesting connection between the process of self-study and the process of teaching, the notion that self-study is indeed teaching. With self-study, the teacher – whether in a classroom in a school setting or in a classroom at a university – searches for connections between beliefs and practices with a desire to make positive meaningful change in the learning environment. This chapter makes the case for self-study as teaching. To make this case we use the story of one teacher-researcher, an associate professor of literacy education at a teaching university in the Midwestern United States. She will share her journey into self-study through the spiraling nature of her research focus: self as the evaluator, effective practice process, actions in practice related to beliefs, and the construction of self. Through the story of her journey we will examine the similarities across the cyclical dynamics of research, of reflection, and of teaching.
Analysis of Unplated Subcritical Experiments Using Fresh Fuel Assemblies

The number of spent nuclear fuel assemblies taken from nuclear power plants and to be stored in existing storage pools is increasing. Therefore, there is a need to optimize the storage configurations. The computer codes and cross sections used to analyze proposed storage configurations must be validated through comparison with experimental data. Restrictive values of k{sub safe}, caused by limited data, can prevent optimal storage utilization. As a collaborative effort between Westinghouse Safety Management Solutions, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Georgia Institute of Technology, and the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR), more than 120 experiments were performed using four highly enriched MURR fuel assemblies. The {sup 252}Cf-source-driven noise analysis technique developed at ORNL was used as the measurement method for these experiments. This method is based on calculating a specific ratio of measured auto-power and cross-power spectral densities. Twenty-two unique configurations from the MURR experimental program were analyzed for benchmarking purposes.These subcritical experiments were described and analyzed in this paper to provide new measurements to increase the amount of data available for benchmarking criticality codes and cross sections for systems that are far from critical (k{sub eff} < 0.9).All aspects of the experimental apparatus designed for the experiment programmore » are thoroughly described to enable calculational modeling. Measured and calculated results for the 22 configurations of interest are given. Thorough perturbation studies on measurement uncertainties (e.g., fuel spacing and composition) were performed to determine the uncertainty on the ratio and k{sub eff} values. Inferred k{sub eff} values ranged from 0.648 {+-} 0.005 to 0.860 {+-} 0.006. A simplified benchmark model is described that consists of the four fuel assemblies, four {sup 3}He detectors, detector drywells, and the water reflector. For these measurements, the calculated ratio and k{sub eff} values agreed with the measurement results within the measurement uncertainty. All of the analyzed configurations were considered acceptable for validation of computer codes and cross sections.« less
Art Within the Limits of Faith

The means by which any kind of art performs its function of inducing an experience of beauty has been considered so far quite generally within the limits of our assumptions regarding value and the nature and function of analogy. It will be appropriate to inquire more specifically into the means used by particular arts in order to achieve the communication of their own varieties of aesthetic value. It should be understood that this problem concerns in no way the technical means used within a fine art; rather it concerns the conditions under which a technique can be used effectively. In effect, the problem amounts to requiring a complete definition of each of the arts together with a specification of the conditions which must be fulfilled if such a definition is to be exemplified effectively in concrete works of art. A full treatment of this problem could easily fill several tomes, but an essaying of its difficulties with respect to a single art will be sufficient to round out the present writing. Literature will be chosen for that art since by its very nature it is more explicit about its own character and aspirations.