cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Cytomegalovirus IE2 86 and IE2 40 Proteins Differentially Regulate UL84 Protein Expression Posttranscriptionally in the Absence of Other Viral Gene Products

It has previously been demonstrated that, during human cytomegalovirus infection, the viral IE2 86 and IE2 40 proteins are both important for the expression of an early-late viral protein, UL84. Here, we show that expression of the UL84 protein is enhanced upon cotransfection with either IE2 86 or IE2 40, although IE2 40 appears to play a more important role. The UL84 protein levels are tightly linked to the amount of IE2 40 present, but this does not appear to be true for IE2 86. RNA remains constant for all corresponding proteins, indicating posttranscriptional regulation of UL84. The first 105 amino acids of UL84 are necessary and sufficient for this phenotype, and this region is also required for an interaction with IE2 86 and IE2 40. Treatment with proteasome inhibitors shows that UL84 exhibits some proteasome-dependent degradation, and UL84 is not protected against this degradation when coexpressed with IE2 86 or IE2 40. UL84 also exhibits an inhibitory effect on IE2 86 and IE2 40 protein levels in these cotransfection assays. Further, we show that the amino acid sequence of UL84 is important for the enhancement governed by IE2 40. These results indicate that IE2 86, IE2 40, and UL84 serve to regulate protein expression in a posttranscriptional fashion and that this regulation is independent of other viral proteins.
Look Before You LEAPP: An Evidence-Based Approach to Pediatric Procedural Management

Although literature on pediatric procedural distress has grown considerably, this knowledge has not been widely applied in practice. Collaboration between nurses and other health care professionals is an integral aspect of procedural management. This project assesses the implementation of LEAPP, an evidence-based multidisciplinary approach to pediatric procedural management that uses a protocol, procedure planning tools, and education for nurses and physicians.
Defining Information Needs for Public Health Systems and Services Research

Background: People who lead or manage public health agencies have multiple needs for information in order to do their jobs effectively. In seeking to investigate “what works” in public health practice, investigators in the field of public health systems and services research (PHSSR) have largely overlapping information needs but often require a greater detail, specificity, or comprehensiveness than is routinely available in public health data systems. PHSSR Data Needs Meeting: On April 24, 2014, the PHSSR Center of the University of Kentucky and AcademyHealth convened a 1-day meeting of public health practitioners and PHSSR investigators to identify PHSSR information needs. Meeting participants considered data needs for three PHSSR domains: the organization of public health agencies and services, the use of rapidly evolving health information technologies , and the financing and economic evaluation of public health activities. Future Data Needs: Identifying data needs in these and other PHSSR domains requires clarification of research questions, consideration of research methods, a balance of imagination and practicality, and investments to extend the information captured in existing administrative, financial, and population health monitoring systems.
Development of zinc phosphide as a p-type absorber

In the present contribution, we report a simple and repeatable process for the synthesis of zinc phosphide on two different substrates, zinc foil and zinc evaporated on molybdenum-coated glass. Zinc phosphide has been an important candidate for optoelectronic applications and has also been explored in the lithium ion batteries. Zinc phosphide is synthesized from earth-abundant constituents, zinc and phosphorous. Trioctylphosphine (TOP) is used as a source of phosphorous which reacts with zinc and results in the growth of zinc phosphide. Zinc phosphide has been successfully synthesized in both continuous thin film and nanowires form around ∼ 350°C. The synthesized zinc phosphide phase was characterized using SEM, EDS, XRD and XPS. Possible growth mechanism is discussed.
EXTEST: a method to extend test sequences of synchronous sequential circuits to increase the fault coverage

We describe an approach to test generation for synchronous sequential circuits that accepts a given test sequence T and targets only faults that could not be detected by the test generation procedure that produced T (hard to detect faults). For every fault f that remains undetected by T, the proposed procedure extracts from T a small number of subsequences (two or three subsequences) that can be combined to form a test sequence for f. It then adds these sequences, if found, to T. By exploring only test sequences that can be extracted from T, a restricted search space for test generation is obtained, and it can be thoroughly explored. Experimental results show that non-trivial numbers of additional faults can be detected by using the proposed procedure to extend a given test sequence T.
A programmable, high performance vector array unit used for real-time motion estimation

The MPEG-4 and H.263 video standards are enabling technologies for the proliferation of wireless multimedia applications in 3G systems. For video encoding, the motion estimation (ME) stage is typically the most demanding in terms of performance and bandwidth requirements, and is usually implemented through dedicated hardware, especially in systems with stringent power requirements. This approach, however, cannot exploit any algorithm advances on motion estimation algorithms, and requires major hardware re-design in case of modified specifications or standards. This paper describes the architecture of a programmable motion estimation unit that is used as part of a larger wireless video encoding system. An instruction set architecture (ISA) allows the development of various ME algorithms in software without the need to re-design portion of the chip.
Hydraulic Design of Stilling Basins: High Dams, Earth Dams, and Large Canal Structures (Basin II)

An analysis of the critical dimensions of 36 existing hydraulic jump stilling basins and hydraulic model verification tests are used to generalize the design of a stilling basin, utilizing chute blocks and an end still. Tail water ranges, jump lengths, water surface profiles, etc., values are provided in dimensionless forms.
The use of isodose levels to interpret radiation induced lung injury: a quantitative analysis of computed tomography changes.

Background: Patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for lung cancer are often found to have radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) surrounding the treated tumor. We investigated whether treatment isodose levels could predict RILI. Methods: Thirty-seven lung lesions in 32 patients were treated with SBRT and received post-treatment follow up (FU) computed tomography (CT). Each CT was fused with the original simulation CT and treatment isodose levels were overlaid. The RILI surrounding the treated lesion was contoured. The RILI extension index [fibrosis extension index (FEI)] was defined as the volume of RILI extending outside a given isodose level relative to the total volume of RILI and was expressed as a percentage. Results: Univariate analysis revealed that the planning target volume (PTV) was positively correlated with RILI volume at FU: correlation coefficient (CC) =0.628 and P st FU; CE =0.401 and P=0.021 at 2 nd FU; CE =0.265 and P=0.306 at 3 rd FU. FEI −40 Gy at 1 st FU was significantly positively correlated with FEI −40 Gy at subsequent FU’s (CC =0.689 and P=6.5×10 −5 comparing 1 st and 2 nd FU; 0.901 and P=0.020 comparing 2 nd and 3 rd FU. Ninety-six percent of the RILI was found within the 20 Gy isodose line. Sixty-five percent of patients were found to have a decrease in RILI on the second 2 nd CT. Conclusions: We have shown that RILI evolves over time and 1st CT correlates well with subsequent CTs. Ninety-six percent of the RILI can be found to occur within the 20 Gy isodose lines, which may prove beneficial to radiologists attempting to distinguish recurrence vs. RILI.
Flamingo: enabling evolvable HDD-based near-line storage

Cloud providers and companies running large-scale data centers offer near-line, cold, and archival data storage, which trade access latency and throughput performance for cost. These often require physical rack-scale storage designs, e.g. Facebook/Open Compute Project (OCP) Cold Storage or Pelican, which co-design the hardware, mechanics, power, cooling and software to minimize costs to support the desired workload. A consequence is that the rack resources are restricted, requiring a software stack that can operate within the provided resources. The co-design makes it hard to understand the end-to-end performance impact of relatively small physical design changes and, worse, the software stacks are brittle to these changes. Flamingo supports the design of near-line HDD-based storage racks for cloud services. It requires a physical rack design, a set of resource constraints, and some target performance characteristics. Using these Flamingo is able to automatically parameterize a generic storage stack to allow it to operate on the physical rack. It is also able to efficiently explore the performance impact of varying the rack resources. It incorporates key principles learned from the design and deployment of cold storage systems. We demonstrate that Flamingo can rapidly reduce the time taken to design custom racks to support near-line storage.
Grey Wolves: The U-boat war 1939–1945

If you know nothing about the history of the U-boat campaign of the Second World War, Philip Kaplan's latest literary effort may be a reasonably priced and fairly entertaining, though far from flaw...
Membrane Structural Biology: Functions and Families

The functions of most membrane proteins are traditionally described as enzymes, transporters and channels, and receptors, although the demarcations of these groups are blurred. For example, ATPases that are ion channels and other active transport proteins (“permeases”) are studied as enzymes as well as transporters. Some receptors involved in signaling are also tyrosine kinases; other receptors are gated ion channels. Membrane proteins can also be classified using data from bioinformatics, which describe families of proteins, functions of homologous domains, and evolutionary relationships. This chapter utilizes both approaches to look at the roles of membrane proteins before turning to tools for prediction of membrane protein structure and genomic analysis of membrane proteins. It starts by describing the general characteristics of membrane enzymes, transporters, and receptors, giving specific examples and briefly identifying their protein families. MEMBRANE ENZYMES The enzymes found in membranes carry out diverse covalent catalytic functions. In addition to solute transport and signaling, membrane-bound enzymes participate in electron transport chains and other redox reactions, as well as the metabolism of membrane components such as phospholipids and sterols. Many membrane enzymes require specific lipids or particular types of lipids for activity (see “Protein–Lipid Interactions” in Chapter 4). In addition, soluble enzymes may bind to the membrane periphery for catalysis involving substrates in the membrane, for efficient access to substrates that are passed along a series of bound enzymes to avoid dilution in the cytoplasm, or for regulation by modulation of their activities as described in Chapter 4.
Spiral growth of few-layer MoS2 by chemical vapor deposition

Growth spirals exhibit appealing properties due to a preferred layer stacking and lack of inversion symmetry. Here, we report spiral growth of MoS2 during chemical vapor deposition on SiO2/Si and epitaxial graphene/SiC substrates, and their physical and electronic properties. We determine the layer-dependence of the MoS2 bandgap, ranging from 2.4 eV for the monolayer to a constant of 1.3 eV beyond the fifth layer. We further observe that spirals predominantly initiate at the step edges of the SiC substrate, based on which we propose a growth mechanism driven by screw dislocation created by the coalescence of two growth fronts at steps.
Epidemiologic and Population Genetic Studies

Publisher Summary The focus of this chapter is on the design and interpretation of genetic association studies. The study begins with a focus on epidemiologic study design, including population issues such as defining phenotype and type of population, then moves on to genetic study design with a focus on marker selection and bioinformatics tools. In addition, it discusses issues of interpretation of genetic association studies, with a particular focus on dealing with genotyping error, correction for multiple comparisons, population stratification, and power. Finally, the chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the future of genetic association studies, including newer biologic methods/targets (including sequencing, expression, copy number variation, and epigenetics), and analytic strategies (gene/environment interaction and pathway analysis). The study focuses on the major design and interpretation issues in genetic association studies. A particular type of polymorphism (SNP), the most common target of genetic association studies thus far, is also discussed. One of the most exciting aspects about working in genetic epidemiology is the rapid movement of the field—limiting it to SNP association is likely only scratching the surface. Modern genetic analysis relies heavily on genetic association studies, in which particular alleles (or groups of alleles) occur more frequently in diseased individuals than in those who do not carry the alleles.
Testicular Microlithiasis in the Setting of Primary Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor: A Case Series

The clinical significance of testicular microlithiasis (TM) in patients with primary extragonadal germ cell tumor (EGCT) is not well understood. When EGCT is suspected, sonographic and physical examination of the testicles should be performed to evaluate for testicular lesion or atrophy; negative testicular ultrasound with current technology virtually excludes the possibility of occult primary lesion. Although EGCTs are known to be associated with elevated level of serum tumor markers, the utility of tumor markers in the presence of TM is not well understood. Current guidelines for TM follow-up and management do not include any potential correlation between TM and primary EGCT, an association that should be addressed on future updates.
Policy History: State and Economy

The relationship between state and economy has been a central axis of policy debate for centuries. This article explores the debate in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It identifies the central doctrines that have dominated the debate—the mainstream tradition of economic thought that originated with the classical economists, socialist theories, and a counter tradition that has favored the use of state power to accelerate economic development within nations. It analyzes the global power relations that have constrained societies in the way they follow these competing doctrines. Finally, it analyzes several theoretical confusions that run through much of the historical debate.
Two remarkable new species of Hypothenemus Westwood (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Southeastern USA

Two new Hypothenemus species found in southern and southeastern USA are described: Hypothenemus piaparolinae sp. n. and Hypothenemus subterrestris sp. n. The distribution and habits suggest these species are native and widely distributed, but elusive, and not recently arrived exotics. Both appear to have unusual biology: H. subterrestris appears to live in material on or in the ground, and H. piaparolinae has only been collected from the xylem of extensively rotten, fungus-filled twigs.
Chapter IV.6 – Tissue Engineering in Urology

Publisher Summary A large number of materials, including naturally derived and synthetic polymers, have been utilized to fabricate prostheses for the genitourinary system. The genitourinary system, composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and genital organs, is exposed to a variety of possible injury sites from the time of fetus development. Apart from congenital abnormalities, individuals may also suffer from acquired disorders, such as cancer, trauma, infection, iatrogenic injuries or other conditions, that may lead to genitourinary organ damage or loss, requiring eventual reconstruction. Usually, whenever there is a lack of native urologic tissue, reconstruction is performed with native nonurologic tissues, such as gastrointestinal segments, skin, or mucosa from multiple body sites. The use of native nonurologic tissues in the genitourinary tract is common, due to a lack of a better alternative, despite the known possible adverse effects. The use of bowel in genitourinary reconstruction is associated with a variety of complications. These include metabolic abnormalities, infection, perforation, urolithiasis, increased mucous production, and malignancy. Alternative approaches are constantly being explored to overcome the problems associated with the incorporation of nonurologic segments into the urinary tract.
An Improved Subdomain Level Nonconformal Discontinuous Galerkin Time Domain (DGTD) Method for Materials With Full-Tensor Constitutive Parameters

Ultrawideband simulation of negative refraction in bicrystals is important for the design optimization of devices involving such anisotropic media, but it is a nontrivial task, especially when low-order methods are utilized. This work proposes an improved discontinuous Galerkin time domain (DGTD) method for simulating time-dependent electromagnetic fields for inhomogeneous media with full anisotropic constitutive parameters (full anisotropic media). It employs the electric field intensity ${\mathbf E}$ and magnetic flux density ${\mathbf B}$ to solve Maxwell's equations. The ${\mathbf EB}$ -scheme-based anisotropic Riemann solver and nonconformal mesh are employed for domain decomposition to allow efficient spatial discretization. An unsplit-field Maxwellian multiaxial perfectly matched layer for full anisotropic media is derived and shown to be effective to absorb outgoing waves and suppress the potential late-time instability found in classical PML. In addition, the total-field/scattered-field technique is further studied to allow a nonconformal mesh, vector basis functions, and half-space situation. This newly improved DGTD method is validated with test cases and applied to the negative reflection in YVO $_{4}$ bicrystal.
Impact of pharmacist discharge counseling on hospital readmission and emergency department visit

Objective: The enactment of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010 imposes payment penalty on hospitals with high hospital readmission rates. In an effort to reduce readmissions, a pharmacist discharge counseling program was implemented to facilitate transition of care to the outpatient setting. Our study objective was to evaluate the impact of the program on hospital readmissions and visits to the emergency department (ED). Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study conducted at a not-for-profit, teaching community hospital with 462 total beds. Pharmacists provided counseling to patients discharged from the medicine floor between November 2013 and January 2014, and included those considered to be high-risk (e.g., taking 5 scheduled medications and had diseases such as congestive heart failure and diabetes mellitus). Descriptive analysis was performed and outcomes were compared between patients who did and did not receive pharmacist counseling. Results: Of a total of 889 discharged patients, 488 (55%) received counseling from a pharmacist. For the entire cohort, mean age was 55 ± 20 years; Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score was 2.74 ± 2.95; and length of hospitalization was 4 ± 4 days. These parameters were not statistically different between the two groups. Within 30-days after hospital discharge, significantly fewer subjects who received counseling, compared with those who did not, were readmitted to the hospital (11.3% vs. 15%, p = .009) or visited the ED (10.6% vs. 15%, p = .005). Conclusions: Discharge counseling provided by pharmacists during transitions of care at a community hospital significantly reduced 30-day readmission and ED visit rates.
Educational Resources for Training in Thyroid and Parathyroid Ultrasound

Ultrasound examination has become a natural and often necessary extension of the physical examination for many clinicians. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid and parathyroid glands is a relatively easily learned skill. Opportunities for learning thyroid, parathyroid, and neck ultrasound examination are abundant, and appropriate training is imperative to ensure best outcomes. This chapter explores the background of the expansion of use of US technology beyond the radiology suite and discusses key areas related to education of clinicians in the appropriate use, performance, and interpretation of thyroid and parathyroid US imaging.
Defining the transcriptomic landscape of the developing enteric nervous system and its cellular environment

Motility and the coordination of moving food through the gastrointestinal tract rely on a complex network of neurons known as the enteric nervous system (ENS). Despite its critical function, many of the molecular mechanisms that direct the development of the ENS and the elaboration of neural network connections remain unknown. The goal of this study was to transcriptionally identify molecular pathways and candidate genes that drive specification, differentiation and the neural circuitry of specific neural progenitors, the phox2b expressing ENS cell lineage, during normal enteric nervous system development. Because ENS development is tightly linked to its environment, the transcriptional landscape of the cellular environment of the intestine was also analyzed. Thousands of zebrafish intestines were manually dissected from a transgenic line expressing green fluorescent protein under the phox2b regulatory elements [Tg(phox2b:EGFP) w37 ]. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to separate GFP-positive phox2b expressing ENS progenitor and derivatives from GFP-negative intestinal cells. RNA-seq was performed to obtain accurate, reproducible transcriptional profiles and the unbiased detection of low level transcripts. Analysis revealed genes and pathways that may function in ENS cell determination, genes that may be identifiers of different ENS subtypes, and genes that define the non-neural cellular microenvironment of the ENS. Differential expression analysis between the two cell populations revealed the expected neuronal nature of the phox2b expressing lineage including the enrichment for genes required for neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, and identified many novel genes not previously associated with ENS development. Pathway analysis pointed to a high level of G-protein coupled pathway activation, and identified novel roles for candidate pathways such as the Nogo/Reticulon axon guidance pathway in ENS development. We report the comprehensive gene expression profiles of a lineage-specific population of enteric progenitors, their derivatives, and their microenvironment during normal enteric nervous system development. Our results confirm previously implicated genes and pathways required for ENS development, and also identify scores of novel candidate genes and pathways. Thus, our dataset suggests various potential mechanisms that drive ENS development facilitating characterization and discovery of novel therapeutic strategies to improve gastrointestinal disorders.
XX. Remarks on Farey's Account of the stratification of the limestone district of derbyshire

(1834). XX. Remarks on Farey's Account of the stratification of the limestone district of derbyshire. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 5, No. 26, pp. 121-131.
In vitro effect of chloramphenicol on chromosomes.

Leukocytes from normal individuals were cultured in media containing various concentrations of chloramphenicol. Chromosomes obtained from these cultures were studied for intrachromosomal vacuolation and various other structural changes such as breaks, gaps, fragmentations, etc. Chromosomes from chloramphenicol containing cultures showed significant increase in abnormalities when compared with control preparations. Changes observed were very similar to those seen in patients receiving large doses of chloramphenicol.
Facilitated Unbinding via Multivalency-Enabled Ternary Complexes: New Paradigm for Protein-DNA Interactions.

ConspectusDynamic protein–DNA interactions constitute highly robust cellular machineries to fulfill cellular functions. A vast number of studies have focused on how DNA-binding proteins search for and interact with their target DNA segments and on what cellular cues can regulate protein binding, for which protein concentration is a most obvious one. In contrast, how protein unbinding could be regulated by protein concentration has evaded attention because protein unbinding from DNA is typically a unimolecular reaction and thus concentration independent. Recent single-molecule studies from multiple research groups have uncovered that protein concentration can facilitate the unbinding of DNA-bound proteins, revealing regulation of protein unbinding as another mechanistic paradigm for gene regulation.In this Account, we review these recent in vitro and in vivo single-molecule experiments that uncovered the concentration-facilitated protein unbinding by multiple types of DNA-binding proteins, including sequen...
Trapping Light for Time of Flight

We propose a novel imaging method for near-complete, surround, 3D reconstruction of geometrically complex objects, in a single scan. The key idea is to augment a time-of-flight (ToF) based 3D sensor with a multi-mirror system, called a light-trap. The shape of the trap is chosen so that light rays entering it bounce multiple times inside the trap, thereby visiting every position inside the trap multiple times from various directions. We show via simulations that this enables light rays to reach more than 99.9% of the surface of objects placed inside the trap, even those with strong occlusions, for example, lattice-shaped objects. The ToF sensor provides the path length for each light ray, which, along with the known shape of the trap, is used to reconstruct the complete paths of all the rays. This enables performing dense, surround 3D reconstructions of objects with highly complex 3D shapes, in a single scan. We have developed a proof-of-concept hardware prototype consisting of a pulsed ToF sensor, and a light trap built with planar mirrors. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the light trap based 3D reconstruction method on a variety of objects with a broad range of geometry and reflectance properties.
Prothrombin Greenville, Arg517→Gln, Identified in an Individual Heterozygous for Dysprothrombinemia

A 64-year-old white male was referred for evaluation of prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) obtained before elective surgery with initial PT and PTT results of 14.9 and 38.4 seconds, respectively, which corrected to normal in 1:1 mixes with normal plasma. Functional prothrombin assay indicated a level of 51% with thromboplastin as an activator. The prothrombin antigen was 102%. This discordance in the functional and immunologic prothrombin levels was evidence for dysprothrombinemia. Western blotting showed that thrombin was formed at a normal rate in diluted plasma consistent with a mutation within the thrombin portion of prothrombin. DNA was isolated from leukocytes and the thrombin exons were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. For exon 13, eight clones were sequenced with four clones showing a point mutation in the codon for Arg517, which would result in substitution by Gln. Arg517 is part of the Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD) sequence in thrombin and contributes to an ion cluster with aspartic acid residues 552 and 554. Mutation at this residue most probably distorts the structure of the Na+ binding site in thrombin. This is the first report indicating the critical role of Arg517 in the normal physiological interaction of thrombin with fibrinogen. This dysprothrombin is designated Prothrombin Greenville.
Ultrasound-based three-dimensional printed medical model for multispecialty team surgical rehearsal prior to fetoscopic myelomeningocele repair

Recently a two-port open fetoscopic myelomeningocele (MMC) repair technique, performed together by a pediatric neurosurgeon and maternal-fetal medicine specialist was described.1 Acquiring skills for this type of fetoscopic surgery is complex since MMC lesions are anatomically variable and collaboration of two surgical specialists is required. We utilized ultrasound-based 3D multi-material printing to generate a patient–matched medical model to prepare the surgical team for fetoscopic MMC repair.
Abstract 102: Predictors of the Development of White Matter Hyperintensities Over a 20-Year Period: A Secondary Analysis of the ARIC Study

Introduction: White matter hyperintensities on MRI (WMH) are associated with cognitive impairment and disability. Prior reports have shown associations between various risk factors and WMH. Hypothe...
Vikings across the Atlantic: Emigration and the Building of a Greater Norway, 1860-1945

Review of: "Vikings across the Atlantic: Emigration and the Building of a Greater Norway, 1860-1945," by Anna M. Peterson.
Proximally Constrained Methods for Weakly Convex Optimization with Weakly Convex Constraints.

Optimization models with non-convex constraints arise in many tasks in machine learning, e.g., learning with fairness constraints or Neyman-Pearson classification with non-convex loss. Although many efficient methods have been developed with theoretical convergence guarantees for non-convex unconstrained problems, it remains a challenge to design provably efficient algorithms for problems with non-convex functional constraints. This paper proposes a class of subgradient methods for constrained optimization where the objective function and the constraint functions are are weakly convex. Our methods solve a sequence of strongly convex subproblems, where a proximal term is added to both the objective function and each constraint function. Each subproblem can be solved by various algorithms for strongly convex optimization. Under a uniform Slater's condition, we establish the computation complexities of our methods for finding a nearly stationary point.
Anisotropy effects on the kinetics of colloidal crystallization and melting: comparison of spheres and ellipsoids

We use alternating current (AC) electric field assisted self-assembly to produce two-dimensional, millimeter scale arrays of ellipsoidal colloids and study the kinetics of their phase reconfiguration by means of confocal microscopy, light scattering, and computer simulation. We find that the kinetics of orientational and positional ordering can be manipulated by changing the shape of the colloids: ellipsoids with aspect ratio 2.0 melt into disordered structures 5.7 times faster compared to spheres. On the other hand, ellipsoids self-assemble into ordered crystals at a similar rate to spheres. Confocal microscopy is used to directly visualize defects in the self-assembled structures. Small-angle light scattering (SALS) quantifies the light diffraction response, which is sensitive to the kinetics of positional and orientational ordering in the self-assembled anisotropic structures. We find three different light diffraction patterns: a phase with high orientational order (with chain-like structure in real space), a phase with high positional and orientational order (characteristic of a close-packed structure), and a phase that is disordered in position but with intermediate orientational order. The large influence of aspect ratio on the kinetics of the positionally and orientationally ordered phase is explored through simulation; it is found that the number of particle degrees of freedom controls the difference between the melting rates of the ellipsoids and spheres. This research contributes to the understanding of reconfiguration kinetics and optical properties of colloidal crystals produced from anisotropic colloids.
TCT-439 Procedural and 30-Day Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic and Mitral Valve Replacements

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement was originally described for the treatment of severe single-valve disease. Advances in technology have opened treatment options for patients with multivalvular pathology (aortic and mitral) with the SAPIEN XT and SAPIEN 3 prostheses. This study describes the
Applying a numerical Green's function approach to scattering within complex seafloor environments

A numerical approach to solving for Green’s functions allows far-field scattering to be solved within variable seafloor environments. The approach is applicable for both seafloor and buried target scattering problems. A robust near-field model is required for near-field solution evaluation and Green’s function determination. In this work, a 3-D finite element model is used. Far-field scattering results are determined through numerical integration of the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff surface integral within the near-field of the target or interface. This approach has previously been shown to give accurate results within flat sediment interface environments; now the technique is extended to more complex interface structures, in which the benefit of the numerical Green’s function technique is most apparent. For flat interface environments, analytic Green’s functions are known, making numerical approaches redundant. For more complex environments, exact solutions are difficult to come by, and analytic approximations grow in error with increasing environmental complexity. Furthermore, the numerical approach requires only a single field measurement to be made within the near-field model, making the approach computationally efficient and feasible for a wide variety of scattering problems. [Work supported by ONR, Ocean Acoustics.]
Rapid Development Environments for Therapy Games: Looking Glass Therapy Games for Cerebral Palsy Treatment Utilizing the Kinect

Cerebral palsy is a group of neurological disorders that impair body movement, muscle coordination, hearing, vision, and cognitive function. Symptoms vary but can include muscle weakness, muscle and joint tightness, abnormal or unsteady gait, seizures, learning disabilities, speech problems, as well as hearing or vision problems [1]. Although cerebral palsy cannot be cured, treatments such as physical and occupational therapy can greatly help affected children develop motor skills needed to increase mobility and foster independence [2]. Computer based therapy games have shown promise in helping stroke survivors recover from stroke [3]. Initially, stroke therapy games developed in Looking Glass utilized Nintendo Wii remotes (informally known as Wiimotes) to sense user’s movements. Challenges unfolded with stroke patients who were unable to grasp Wiimotes, thereby limiting and inhibiting game development and the user experience [3]. In this paper, I describe my efforts to integrate the Microsoft Kinect with Looking Glass and build therapy games that utilize the Kinect to track user movements. I detail the Kinect integration and discuss its advantages of seated skeletal tracking with no hand held devices required by the user. Type of Report: MS Project Report Department of Computer Science & Engineering Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1045 St. Louis, MO 63130 ph: (314) 935-6160 Rapid Development Environments for Therapy Games: Looking Glass Therapy Games for Cerebral Palsy Treatment Utilizing the Kinect Melynda Eden meden@wustl.edu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis CSE MS Project Report
Joshua Chambers-Letson, After the Party: A Manifesto for Queer of Color Life

Rigorous and moving, Joshua Chambers-Letson’s After the Party: A Manifesto for Queer of Color Life proposes that minoritarian art can sustain communal life in the face of catastrophe. Drawing from ...
Disease‐causing Missense Mutations within the N‐terminal Transmembrane Domain of GlcNAc‐1‐phosphotransferase Impair Endoplasmic Reticulum Translocation or Golgi Retention

Transport of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes to the lysosome requires tagging of these enzymes with the mannose 6-phosphate moiety by UDP-GlcNAc:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase), encoded by two genes, GNPTAB and GNPTG. GNPTAB encodes the α and β subunits, which are initially synthesized as a single precursor that is cleaved by Site-1 protease in the Golgi. Mutations in this gene cause the lysosomal storage disorders mucolipidosis II (MLII) and mucolipidosis III αβ (MLIII αβ). Two recent studies have reported the first patient mutations within the N-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD) of the α subunit of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase that cause either MLII or MLIII αβ. Here, we demonstrate that two of the MLII missense mutations, c.80T>A (p.Val27Asp) and c.83T>A (p.Val28Asp), prevent the cotranslational insertion of the nascent GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase polypeptide chain into the endoplasmic reticulum. The remaining four mutations, one of which is associated with MLII, c.100G>C (p.Ala34Pro), and the other three with MLIII αβ, c.70T>G (p.Phe24Val), c.77G>A (p.Gly26Asp), and c.107A>C (p.Glu36Pro), impair retention of the catalytically active enzyme in the Golgi with concomitant mistargeting to endosomes/lysosomes. Our results uncover the basis for the disease phenotypes of these patient mutations and establish the N-terminal TMD of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase as an important determinant of Golgi localization.
Microscale characterization of damage accumulation in CMCs

Abstract The developing roles of damage mechanisms in the failure response of SiC/SiC minicomposites was investigated by the characterization of microscale damage accumulation with respect to microstructure. A multi-modal approach combining spatially resolved acoustic emission (AE) with tensile testing in-SEM (scanning electron microscope) was used to simultaneously examine surface (observed in-SEM) and bulk damage (monitored via AE). Strong agreement was shown between the evolving crack density estimated by AE and in-SEM measurements. The following were observed: (i) in-plane matrix content and distribution impacted crack growth; (ii) spatially-distributed matrix cracks generated varying stress-dependent AE; and (iii) certain individual cracks became more probable failure locations due to unique combinations of damage mechanisms that drove their growth. This approach enabled characterizing potential failure determinants and suggests that early damage behavior is related to certain microstructural features (e.g. surface flaws), while subsequent damage behavior is coupled to interactions of local mechanisms evolving with stress.
Stepwise external wrapping procedure for Stanford type A aortic dissection in extremely high-risk patients: case reports

Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a rare, but a life-threatening condition which can lead to coronary, brachiocephalic or branch vessel malperfusion, as well as aortic valve insufficiency, or aortic rupture. Mortality of surgical treatment in high-risk or elderly patients with Type A Acute aortic dissection (TAAAD) still remains high, and treatment for such patients remains controversial. A new surgical approach which entails “stepwise external wrapping (SEW)” using a zero-porosity artificial graft was developed in extremely high-risk patients with TAAAD. Herein, we described its surgical details and showed two representative cases which was successfully done. Our SEW procedure is a feasible alternative to conventional graft replacement for TAAAD in extremely high-risk or aged patients, although the gold standard consists of surgical replacement of the dissected aorta. (129 words).
Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity trajectories during adolescence and young adulthood predict adiposity in young adulthood: The Iowa Bone Development Study.

This study examined the associations of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) trajectories in adolescence through young adulthood with adiposity in young adults. Participants from The Iowa Bone Development Study cohort were longitudinally assessed (N = 297; 57% female). Accelerometry-measured MVPA (min/day) at ages 15 through 23 years, and fat mass and visceral adipose tissue mass indices (kg/m2, g/m2) derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans at age 23 years were analyzed. Latent trajectory analyses classified MVPA into two patterns. Multivariable linear regression analyses showed that being in the high MVPA trajectory group was associated with lower fat mass index z-scores. Individuals who were consistently active with high MVPA (vs. moderately active with decreasing MVPA) during adolescence up until early young adulthood had less accumulation of total body adiposity in young adulthood. This study suggests that adopting a consistently active lifestyle throughout adolescence can result in healthier body composition in young adulthood.
I.T. Assets, Organizational Capabilities and Firm Performance: Do Resource Allocations and Organizational Differences Explain Performance Variation?

Despite evidence of a positive relationship between IT investments and firm performance, results still vary across firms and performance measures. We explore two organizational explanations for this variation: differences in firms' IT investment allocations and IT capabilities. We develop a theoretical model of IT resources, defined as the combination of specific IT assets and organizational IT capabilities. We argue that investments into different IT assets are guided by firms' strategies (e.g. cost leadership or innovation), and deliver value along performance dimensions consistent with their strategic purpose. We hypothesize that firms derive additional value per IT dollar through a mutually reinforcing system of organizational IT capabilities built on complementary practices and competencies. Empirically, we test the impact of IT assets, IT capabilities and their combination on four dimensions of firm performance: market valuation, profitability, cost and innovation. Our results, based on data on IT investment allocations and IT capabilities in 147 U.S. firms from 1999-2002, demonstrate that IT investment allocations and organizational IT capabilities drive differences in firm performance. Firms' total IT investment is not associated with performance, but investments in specific IT assets explain performance differences along dimensions consistent with their strategic purpose. In addition, a system of organizational IT capabilities strengthens the performance effects of IT assets and broadens their impact beyond their intended purpose. The results help explain variance in returns to IT capital across firms and expand our understanding of alignment between IT and organizations. We illustrate our findings with examples from a case study of 7-Eleven Japan.
Assessment of a universal preprocedural screening program for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

OBJECTIVES: Study objectives were to: (1) Determine the value of a COVID-19 universal preprocedural screening program; and (2) Using the results of asymptomatic positive screens, determine the safety of resuming elective procedures. DESIGN: This was a descriptive study detailing the process and findings from implementation of a COVID-19 universal preprocedural screening program. SETTING: An adult academic tertiary center in Indiana. PATIENTS: Patients were included in the analysis if they were screened 96 hours prior to or within 24 hours after undergoing a procedure in the operating room, cardiac catheterization lab, or endoscopy. METHODS: A report was generated from the electronic health record of patients undergoing procedures from a six week period of time (May 4th-June 14th, 2020). Health records for positive screens were reviewed and classified as symptomatic if they met either criteria: (1) screen performed due to presence of COVID-19 symptoms; (2) documentation of symptoms at the time of the screen. Patients with a positive screen that did not meet symptomatic criteria were classified as asymptomatic. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate frequencies and percentages for the included sample. RESULTS: The initial sample included 2,194 patients, comprised of 46 positive and 2,148 negative screens. Out of the 46 patients who had a positive test, 17 were asymptomatic, resulting in an asymptomatic rate of 0.79% (17/2165). CONCLUSION: Findings validated the value of the program through identification of a low rate of asymptomatic positive screens and procedural team adoption and sustainment. Findings may help inform decision making of like organizations attempting to enhance safety while resuming elective procedures.
The Grammaticalization of the Spanish Construction lo que pasa es que: From Lexical Reference to Subjectification

The construction lo que pasa es que ‘what happens is that’ is a Spanish discourse marker that was originally a pseudo-cleft construction. Before becoming grammaticalized, the verb pasar contained its full lexical meaning ‘to happen,’ but later evolved into a fixed expression losing its lexical meaning and acquiring an implicit contrastive and causal meaning. The present study aims to describe the construction’s evolution on the path of grammaticalization in relation to Traugott’s (1989) three semantic-pragmatic tendencies. In addition, a Usage-based Theory approach is employed in order to describe some of the formal aspects of the construction. Using two corpora, CORDE and Corpus del Espanol, all instances of the construction were located and analyzed with regard to function and usage in context. Results indicate that the construction was first used in the 16th Century and that its evolution as lexical > concessive > epistemic is in line with Traugott’s tendencies. Mechanisms of change such as chunking and phonetic reduction and loss of compositionality and analyzability, as well as increase in overall frequency are also discussed in relation to this construction, lending further support to Usage-based theory.
What’s New in the Postoperative Management of Crohn’s Disease?

Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) often require surgical resection due to complications, such as strictures and abscesses, or disease refractory to medical therapy. To understand the evolving management of patients with CD after surgery, we outline the risk factors for postoperative recurrence, advances in postoperative endoscopic evaluation and characterization of recurrence, noninvasive methods of assessing postoperative recurrence, use of postoperative prophylactic medical therapy including newer biologics, and novel surgical methods to reduce postoperative recurrence. The Rutgeerts score (RS) was developed to predict progression of disease based on endoscopic appearance postoperatively and to guide medical therapy. However, this scoring system groups ileal and anastomotic lesions into the same category. A modified RS was developed to separate lesions isolated to the anastomosis and those in the neo-terminal ileum to further understand the role of anastomotic lesions in CD progression. Additional scoring systems have also been evaluated to better understand these differences. In addition, noninvasive diagnostic methods, such as small bowel ultrasound, have high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of postoperative recurrence and are being evaluated as independent methods of assessment. Studies have also shown a reduction in endoscopic recurrence with postoperative anti-TNFα therapy. However, preoperative exposure to anti-TNFα therapy may impact postoperative response to these medications, and therefore, determining optimal postoperative prophylaxis strategy for biologic-experienced patients requires further exploration. Lastly, new surgical modalities to reduce postoperative recurrence are currently being investigated with preliminary data suggesting that an antimesenteric functional end-to-end anastomosis (Kono-S) may decrease postoperative recurrence.