cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronostratigraphic significance of cathodoluminescence zoning in syntaxial cement: Mississippian Lake Valley Formation, New Mexico

Abstract Echinoderm-syntax ial cement crystals have been collected at several stratigraphic levels within the Lake Valley Formation, which is overlain by a major pre-Pennsylvanian subaerial exposure surface. The crystals were microsampled along growth bands, and yielded high-resolution elemental and isotopic information that record fluid evolution during their growth. Although cement crystals show little variation in cathodoluminescence character and bulk chemistry throughout the regional extent of the formation, intracrystalline patterns in minor element and stable isotope chemistry allow for the identification of several settings of cementation, including the marine phreatic, marine-meteoric mixing, and meteoric phreatic zones. When placed in a regional-stratigraphic context, crystal growth records enable reconstruction of the temporal and spatial extent of these diagenetic environments. Isotopic, petrographic and stratigraphic constraints indicate that cementation was related to two temporally distinct meteoric systems. Most Lake Valley Formation syntaxial cement formed in the marine phreatic and marine-meteoric mixing zones during the earliest phase of cementation. Of this cement, in excess of 60% formed in the marine phreatic zone and lowermost marine-meteoric mixing zone. Smaller volumes precipitated from progressively fresher mixtures of marine and meteoric fluid during the gradual expansion of a freshwater lens that developed in response to pre-Pennsylvanian lowering of sea level. Meteoric phreatic fluids were relatively unimportant during this episode of cementation. In contrast, cement of entirely meteoric phreatic origin is associated with a later meteoric system, but is found only in the northern part of the study area and at stratigraphic levels immediately adjacent to the pre-Pennsylvanian unconforrnity. Our results indicate that cements in the upper and lower parts of the Lake Valley Formation are genetically and temporally unrelated. Thus, the cement cathodoluminescence stratigraphy, which has been previously applied to the Lake Valley, can not be valid over the full extent of the formation. This has wider implications. Our demonstration that diverse and temporally distinct diagenetic settings can produce identical CL characteristics shows that caution should be employed when using cement CL stratigraphy alone to extend diagenetic interpretations over large geographic regions or through substantial stratigraphic successions.
Evaluation of Operational Effects of Joint Managed Lane Policies

AbstractThis paper presents a method to evaluate the operational effects of managed lane policies—vehicle eligibility, access control, pricing, and the number of managed lanes—that form a policy combination set. Two macroscopic methods are developed to prescreen the set via simple criteria, followed by integer linear programming with multiple objectives and constraints to identify the noninferior policies among the downsized set. The approach is demonstrated on the Southern California SR-57 corridor. The application eliminates twelve of possible twenty policy combinations by the macroscopic methods, and generates four noninferior policies—the existing high-occupancy vehicle lane operation and three additional potential high-occupancy toll lane policies—in terms of maximum vehicle and passenger throughput, minimum vehicle hour traveled, and travel time variance. The prescreening efficiency of the macroscopic stage, ranging from 0 to 95%, is affected by the initial policies and traffic conditions. It is con...
Lumicolchicine: lack of antiinflammatory effect.

The antimitotic effects of colchicine appear to depend upon binding of the drug to the cytoplasmic protein that forms microtubules. Lumicolchicines (photoisomers of colchicine) do not bind to microtubule protein, and do not interfere with the organization of the mitotic spindle. The antiinflammatory effects of colchicine may also depend upon binding to microtubule protein, in appropriate nondividing cells. If so, lumicolchicine would not be expected to have an antiinflammatory effect. Such was the case in this report, in which the reversed passive Arthus reaction in the rat served as test stystem.
The next exclusion debate: Assessing technology, ethics, and intellectual disability after the human genome project

Recent scientific discoveries have made it much easier to test prenatally for various genetic disabilities, such as Down syndrome. However, while many observers have heralded such "advances" for their effectiveness in detecting certain conditions, others have argued that they perpetuate discrimination by preventing the birth of children with disabilities. This article examines the ethical and social implications of the Human Genome Project for individuals with intellectual disabilities and their families. It details the critique of prenatal testing articulated by many disability rights activists as well as scholarly and professional responses to that critique. A review of the pertinent research literature includes perspectives of genetic professionals, ethicists, disability studies scholars, parents of children with disabilities, and disabled individuals themselves. Finally, the article explores how future research endeavors, policies, and practices may more effectively integrate and respect the positions of these various stakeholders.
Pot-Pourri of Possibilities for Marijuana in Trademark Law

This paper attempts to briefly outline the implications of legalizing marijuana among the States in the area of trademark law. Marijuana is illegal on the federal level. Source-indicators cannot gain priority for federal trademark registration based on illegal use. So it seems marijuana-based businesses should never be able to acquire a federal registration. However, this paper highlights several ways marijuana producers, processors, and retailers may be able to acquire varying levels of trademark protection.
Metal cluster topology. 19. Fused octahedra and trigonal bipyramids in iridium carbonyl clusters

Abstract In metal carbonyl clusters having fused polyhedral structures the octahedral cavities generally exhibit globally delocalized skeletal bonding topologies whereas the tetrahedral cavities exhibit edge-localized skeletal bonding topologies. Thus, the clusters Ir9(CO)203− and Ir12(CO)262− have structures based on the linear face-sharing fusion of two or three octahedra with numbers of skeletal electrons and orbitals consistent with multicenter delocalized core bonds in the centers of all of the octahedral cavities as well as surface bonding similar to the known simple octahedral Ir6(CO)16. More complicated partially delocalized skeletal bonding models can be analogously developed for the clusters Ir10(CO)212−, Ir11(CO)233−, and Ir12(CO)242− having various combinations of octahedral and tetrahedral cavities, with the latter cavities often appearing pairwise as trigonal bipyramids. The paramagnetic cluster Ir14(CO)27− has a 14-vertex ν2-trigonal bipyramid structure in which all 36 edges are parts of tetrahedral cavities consistent with an edge-localized skeletal bonding topology.
Key establishment with source coding and reconciliation for wireless sensor networks

This paper presents a symmetric key establishment protocol, called event-based reconciliation (ERS), that does not require sensor nodes to store pairwise keys prior to deployment. The novel idea behind ERS is to establish symmetric keys by exchanging the secret key information via distributed source coding that uses some event data as side information. Any two neighboring sensor nodes that are able to detect the same event first exchange some key information using distributed source coding and data of the event detected in the overlapping sensing region, and reconcile a symmetric key in two iterations. A key expansion algorithm is also presented to enhance the recovery of key bits in the presence of bit errors and to improve the secrecy of the key establishment. Performance evaluation results show that ERS has low memory and communication overhead compared to previous symmetric key distribution schemes.
On the electromagnetic characterization of ferromagnetic media: Permeability tensors and spin wave equations

Various constitutive equations applicable to ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic media are discussed systematically, the emphasis being on a formulation and analysis of the underlying assumptions. A distinction is made between the "ordinary" (Maxwellian) and certain "average" field vectors. The latter are useful in the presence of domain structure; they include appropriately defined spatial averages, \langle\overrightarrow{b}\rangle and \langle\overrightarrow{h}\rangle , of the time-dependent components of the ordinary \overrightarrow{B} and \overrightarrow{H} , respectively. In cases where \langle\overrightarrow{b}\rangle and \langle\overrightarrow{h}\rangle are connected by a "point relation", the general form of Polder's permeability tensor is extended to nonsaturated media; the special tensors due to Polder, the writer, and Wangsness, are then reviewed. In cases where \langle\overrightarrow{b}\rangle and \langle\overrightarrow{h}\rangle are not so connected, the "exchange effect" and the "spin wave equation" are discussed. Following Ament and Rado, three consequences of this equation are treated: the new boundary conditions, and the triple refraction and "equivalent isotropic permeability" in metals.
Partnerships Between International Donors and Non-Governmental Development Organizations: Opportunities and Constraints:

This article examines partnerships between international donors and non-governmental development organizations (NGDOs). Following a discussion of partnership’s rationale and presumed benefits, the article provides a general overview of selected donors’ partnership experience and describes four illustrations of donor– NGDO partnership. Opportunities and constraints are identified, illustrating gaps in oratory and practice. Identified challenges include constraints related to donorinitiated partnerships, addressing the legacy of past relationships, the insufficiency of relying on personal relationships, and the limits of good intentions. The article stresses the importance of recognizing the political and economic realities that frame donor–NGDO relationships and condition incentives on both sides of the partnership.
Reconditioning of insulating fluids with mass transfer type purifiers [circuit breaker insulation]

Extensive experience has been accumulated in the reconditioning of insulating fluid with moderate vacuum and heat, mass transfer type purifiers. A field evaluation of these low maintenance, portable purifiers at a major Canadian utility has shown them to be significantly more cost effective and easy to use than the cellulose water absorbing filter cartridges for the reconditioning of the fluids. The purifiers have proven to perform consistently and reliably in dehydrating, degassing and removing particulate contaminants from circuit breaker fluid in situ in the field and in the shop.
DIVERSIFICATION OF CONSPECIFIC SIGNALS IN SYMPATRY: GEOGRAPHIC OVERLAP DRIVES MULTIDIMENSIONAL REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT IN FROGS

Theoretical models suggest that geographic overlap with different heterospecific assemblages can promote divergence of mate recognition systems among conspecific populations. Divergence occurs when different traits undergo reproductive character displacement across populations within a contact zone. Here, I tested this hypothesis by assessing patterns of acoustic signal divergence in two- and three-species assemblages of chorus frogs (Pseudacris), focusing in particular on P. feriarum and P. nigrita. In addition, I tested one criterion for reinforcement, by examining the evolution of female P. feriarum preferences in the contact zone. Patterns of signal evolution indicated that in each of the four sympatric populations studied, only the rarer species displaced substantially (P. feriarum in three cases and P. nigrita in one instance). Moreover, the three displaced P. feriarum populations diverged in different signal traits across the contact zone, evolving in directions that increased the energetic cost of calling relative to the allopatric call, and in ways that maximized differences from the particular heterospecific assemblage present. Consistent with reinforcement, divergence of female preferences in sympatry was estimated to reduce their propensity to hybridize by 60%. Together, signal and preference data suggest that interactions between species can promote diversification within species, potentially contributing to reproductive isolation among conspecific populations.
SKI-606, a novel Src kinase inhibitor, blocks migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 3251 Src family kinase (SFK) activity is elevated in human breast cancer and is often associated with aggressive disease. Numerous studies point to the central roles of SFKs, notably c-Src, in regulating multiple signaling pathways involved in proliferation, adhesion, motility, and survival of human tumors, thus implicating c-Src as a potential target for cancer therapy. We examined the effects of SKI-606, a novel, orally bioavailable, highly-selective Src family kinase inhibitor, on human breast cancer cells in order to assess its potential for breast cancer treatment. Importantly, our results show that SKI-606 caused a dramatic decrease in cell motility and invasion of human breast cancer cell lines with an IC50 of ~250 nM. These changes were accompanied by an increase in cell-to-cell adhesion, membrane localization of beta-catenin, and a decrease in matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. Contrary to expectations, inhibition of Src activity did not coincide with inhibition of cell proliferation and survival. Studies of Src/Yes/Fyn knockout cells with restored c-Src provide genetic evidence that the mechanism of action of SKI-606 depends on targeting c-Src. Analysis of downstream effectors of c-Src revealed that SKI-606 inhibits the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) and Crk-associated substrate (p130CAS). Our findings indicate that SKI-606 inhibits signaling pathways involved in controlling tumor cell motility and invasion, suggesting that SKI-606 is a promising new therapeutic agent.
Complete Genome Sequence of Coriobacteriaceae Strain 68-1-3, a Novel Mucus-Degrading Isolate from the Swine Intestinal Tract.

ABSTRACT A novel Coriobacteriaceae bacterium (strain 68-1-3) was isolated from the ileum of the swine intestinal tract using a selective mucus-based medium. Here we present the finished genome sequence for the swine commensal, totaling 1.97 Mb in size.
A Non-Axisymmetric Pattern Selection Problem in Core-Annular Flow

Core-annular flow of two fluids is examined at the onset of the azimuthal mode number ±1 non-axisymmetric instability. The patterns that emerge are traveling waves and standing waves. The former travel in the azimuthal direction as well as the axial direction and would be observed as corkscrew waves. The standing waves travel in the axial direction but not in the azimuthal direction and appear as snakes. Weakly nonlinear interactions are studied to see whether one of these waves will be stable to small amplitude perturbations. Sample situations for down-flow are discussed. The corkscrews tend to be preferred when the annulus is narrow, while snakes are more likely when the annulus is wide.
Global/Local: What Does It Mean for Global Health Educators and How Do We Do It?

Background There has been dramatic growth in the number of innovative university programs that focus on social justice and teach community-based strategies that are applicable both domestically in North America and internationally. These programs often are referred to as global/local and reflect an effort to link global health and campus community engagement efforts to acknowledge that a common set of transferable skills can be adapted to work with vulnerable populations wherever they may be. However, the concepts underlying global/local education are undertheorized and universities struggle to make the global/local link without a conceptual framework to guide them in this pursuit.
Patenting and Licensing of Financial Innovations

Recent court decisions, starting with the State Street decision in 1998, allow business methods to be patentable and now give financial institutions the option to seek patent protection for financial innovations. We develop a dynamic model that incorporates salient aspects of the adoption and dissemination of financial innovations. We find, somewhat surprisingly, that patent protection may be detrimental to long-term profits because of embedded real options for further innovations and market expansion that are especially important for financial firms. Moreover, a strategy of patenting and then licensing may not be effective because of expertise-related constraints of the licensees. Our framework helps understand the success of a wide class of innovations including swaps, credit derivatives, and pricing algorithms; it also helps financial institutions decide whether it is optimal to exercise the patentability and licensing option.
Acute Pressor Effects of Intra-Arterial Cadmium and Mercuric Ions In Anesthetized Rats.

SummaryFrom 10 to 40 μg of intraarterial cadmium ion per 100 g body weight reproducibly raised the diastolic pressure of anesthetized rats an average of 25 mm Hg. The effect was nearly maximal within one minute and had decreased by half within 8 minutes. Larger doses of cadmium were transiently depressor. The pressor effect was not immediately inhibited by adrenalectomy, nephrectomy, or autonomic blockade. Zinc produced no similar pressor response, but mercury did. The minimum effective dose of mercuric ion was larger, but moderate doses were more pressor, and large doses were not depressor. Vanadyl, silver, barium, and cupric ions also had some pressor activity. The pressor effect of cadmium was immediately reversed by a chelating agent and more slowly reversed by an anti-hypertensive agent thought to act locally on vascular smooth muscle.
Economics of caching versus immediate consumption by white-breasted nuthatches: the effect of handling time

The effects of handling time on the caching behavior of White-breasted Nuthatches (Sitta carolinensis) were studied in deciduous woods in central Ohio during the winters of 1987-1988 and 1988-1989. I asked whether White-breasted Nuthatches differed in their treatment of food items with different handling times. During four alternating hourlong time intervals, free-ranging nuthatches were offered sunflower seeds (Helianthus sp.) either with the shell removed or with the shell intact. Handling time was significantly shorter for the seeds with the shell removed. Male and female nuthatches cached a significantly greater proportion of seeds with the shell removed. Whereas males took significantly more seeds with the shell removed than seed with the shells intact, females took a significantly greater number of seeds of both types than did males. Female nuthatches transported seeds with the shells removed significantly farther to their cache sites than did male nuthatches. These results suggest that handling time is an important factor used by White-breasted Nuthatches in their decision to cache or immediately consume a food item. Differences between the males and females may be related to interference competition by the socially dominant males. Female nuthatches appear to behave in a manner which compensates for this foraging disadvantage.
A note on Dixon's proof of Cauchy's integral theorem

(1991). A Note on Dixon's Proof of Cauchy's Integral Theorem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 98, No. 3, pp. 242-244.
Intact and Carboxyterminal PTH Do Not Cross the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier

AbstractIn order to examine whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) enters the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the blood levels of the hormone were acutely elevated either by infusion of parathyroid extract or by stimulation of the parathyroid glands by hypocalcemia. Despite marked elevations in the blood levels of the hormone, PTH could not be detected in the CSF. The data indicate the intact PTH or its carboxyterminal fragment do not cross the blood-CSF interface of the blood-brain barrier. The results, therefore, suggest that the action of PTH on brain must be mediated by an effect on the blood-brain interface of the blood-brain barrier.
Load Balanced On-Chip Power Delivery for Average Current Demand

A dynamic power management system for homogeneous chip multi-processors (CMP) is proposed. Each core of the CMP includes on chip DC-DC switching buck converters that are interconnected through a switch network. The peak current rating of the buck converter is selected to meet only the average current demand of the load circuit. A real-time load balancing algorithm is developed which reconfigures the power delivery network by combining the output of multiple buck converters when the workload demand exceeds the peak current rating. Simulation results for the proposed power delivery method indicate up to a 44% reduction in the energy consumption of the CMP system. In addition, the on-chip footprint of the power delivery network, including the on-chip voltage regulators and the switching network, is reduced by at least 23%.
Effect of naloxone on luteinizing hormone secretion in premenstrual syndrome

Objectives To investigate the theory of brain opioid activity disregulation in premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and to discover the changes of central β -endorphin activity during the menstrual cycle in PMS patients. Design Prospective study. Setting University-based PMS clinic. Patients All the patients and controls were between 20 and 45 years of age, with regular menses for at least six previous cycles. All the patients demonstrated at least 30% score increase in designated symptoms on the Visual Linear Analog Scale during the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase. In contrast, the score changes in the controls were Interventions All subjects underwent LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) stimulation test on days 2 to 3 of the cycle. Five naloxone infusions were administered on days 7 to 8 and 10 to 11, 1 day, 3 to 4 days, and 12 to 13 days after the LH surge as detected by the ovulation prediction kit. Main Outcome Measures Luteinizing Hormone levels were recorded for 1 hour, followed by naloxone infusion at 2 mg/h for 4 hours. Blood samples were collected for LH tests every 15 minutes for 1 hour before, during, and for 1 hour after the infusion. Results All subjects had similar LH response to LH-RH. The integrated area of LH response to naloxone as expressed by percentage of the baseline on each of the 5 days did not show significant differences between the patients and the controls. Conclusions The central β -endorphin changes, if any, in PMS patients could not be demonstrated in our study.
Severe hepatitis C reactivation as an early complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation

Severe hepatitis C reactivation as an early complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation
Duplex: simultaneous parameter-performance exploration for optimizing analog circuits

We present Duplex random tree search, an algorithm to optimize performance metrics of analog and mixed signal circuits. Duplex determines the optimal design, the Pareto set and the sensitivity of circuit's performance metrics to its parameters. We demonstrate that Duplex is 5× faster than the state-of-the-art and finds the global optimum for a design whose previously published result was a local optimum. We show our algorithm's scalability by optimizing a system-level post-layout charged-pump PLL circuit.
Free Tarsal Graft

The procedure can be used in cases of primary or secondary repair as an alternative to the Hughes or Tenzel type flaps. The graft is usually harvested from the contralateral upper eyelid. The free tarsal graft provides posterior lamellar replacement without a vascular supply. An anterior lamella replacement consisting of a vascularized flap is required to cover the graft.
History on its Head with an Historian at the Helm: Bolivia’s Gas War-Precendent and Aftermath

Carlos Urqueita—an Aymaran painter, struggling for words; “I feel . . I feel . .” Suddenly he straightens up, abandons his search for words, raises the sleeves of his faded sweatshirt, and flexes his biceps like a body builder in peak form. “That’s what I feel like,” he says. “I feel that the Aymara nation has exerted itself finally and stood up for its rights. I feel that we are strong now and can never go back to being pushed around and ignored and neglected. We are willing to give our new president a chance, but he needs to understand that if he fails us, we will do the same to him.
Anti-inflammaging effects of human alpha-1 antitrypsin

Inflammaging plays an important role in most age-related diseases. However, the mechanism of inflammaging is largely unknown, and therapeutic control of inflammaging is challenging. Human alpha-1 antitrypsin (hAAT) has immune-regulatory, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties as demonstrated in several disease models including type 1 diabetes, arthritis, lupus, osteoporosis, and stroke. To test the potential anti-inflammaging effect of hAAT, we generated transgenic Drosophila lines expressing hAAT. Surprisingly, the lifespan of hAAT-expressing lines was significantly longer than that of genetically matched controls. To understand the mechanism underlying the anti-aging effect of hAAT, we monitored the expression of aging-associated genes and found that aging-induced expressions of Relish (NF-ĸB orthologue) and Diptericin were significantly lower in hAAT lines than in control lines. RNA-seq analysis revealed that innate immunity genes regulated by NF-kB were significantly and specifically inhibited in hAAT transgenic Drosophila lines. To confirm this anti-inflammaging effect in human cells, we treated X-ray-induced senescence cells with hAAT and showed that hAAT treatment significantly decreased the expression and maturation of IL-6 and IL-8, two major factors of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Consistent with results from Drosophila,RNA-seq analysis also showed that hAAT treatment significantly inhibited inflammation related genes and pathways. Together, our results demonstrated that hAAT significantly inhibited inflammaging in both Drosophila and human cell models. As hAAT is a FDA-approved drug with a confirmed safety profile, this novel therapeutic potential may make hAAT a promising candidate to combat aging and aging-related diseases.
A Novel Oncolytic Chimeric Orthopoxvirus Encoding Luciferase Enables Real-Time View of Colorectal Cancer Cell Infection

This study hypothesizes that a novel oncolytic chimeric orthopoxvirus CF33-Fluc is imageable and targets colorectal cancer cells (CRCs). A novel chimeric orthopoxvirus (CF33) was constructed. The thymidine kinase locus was replaced with firefly luciferase (Fluc) to yield a recombinant virus—CF33-Fluc. In vitro cytotoxicity and viral replication assays were performed. In vivo CRC flank xenografts received single doses of intratumoral or intravenous CF33-Fluc. Viral biodistribution was analyzed via luciferase imaging and organ titers. CF33-Fluc infects, replicates in, and kills CRCs in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. CF33 has superior secretion of extracellular-enveloped virus versus all but one parental strain. Rapid tumor regression or stabilization occurred in vivo at a low dose over a short time period, regardless of the viral delivery method in the HCT-116 colorectal tumor xenograft model. Rapid luciferase expression in virus-infected tumor cells was associated with treatment response. CRC death occurs via necroptotic pathways. CF33-Fluc replicates in and kills colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo regardless of delivery method. Expression of luciferase enables real-time tracking of viral replication. Despite the chimerism, CRC death occurs via standard poxvirus-induced mechanisms. Further studies are warranted in immunocompetent models.
Endocrine Tumors of the Pancreas

In the pancreas, frozen section consultations are commonly used to provide real-time input to surgeons. There are several benign and neoplastic entities commonly encountered within these intraoperative specimens. Frequently encountered entities include chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic endocrine tumors, mixed exocrine-endocrine carcinomas, solid pseudopapillary tumors, acinar cell carcinomas, lymphoproliferative disorders, and metastatic diseases. These entities can be found in varying degrees within the head, body, or tail of the pancreas. Frozen section diagnoses can help to answer questions which are imperative for the correct course of treatment. Is the mass an inflammatory or a neoplastic process? If neoplastic, is it benign or malignant? What type of neoplasm might it be? Does it extend to the resection margin? Is it a metastasis? To answer these questions, a variety of specimen types may be submitted including needle core biopsies, wedge resections, resection margin biopsies, lymph nodes, or entire pancreaticoduodenectomy (the Whipple procedure) resection specimens.
An Examination of the Role of Difficulties Regulating Positive Emotions in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Emotion regulation difficulties have been theoretically and empirically linked to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research, however, has focused almost exclusively on difficulties regulating negative emotions. In this study, we explored the nature of difficulties regulating positive emotions in PTSD. Participants were women who had experienced domestic violence (N = 210; 48.6% African American; Mage = 36.14 years). Higher levels of nonacceptance of positive emotions, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors when experiencing positive emotions, and difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors when experiencing positive emotions were related to a higher level of PTSD symptom severity overall and for the intrusion, avoidance/emotional numbing, and hyperarousal clusters, rs = .24-.37. The presence (vs. absence) of a probable PTSD diagnosis was related to greater difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors, d = 0.54, and controlling impulsive behaviors, d = 0.34, when experiencing positive emotions. Results suggest the potential utility of assessing and treating difficulties regulating positive emotions among domestic violence-victimized women with PTSD.
Gaslighting, Confabulation, and Epistemic Innocence

Recent literature on epistemic innocence develops the idea that a defective cognitive process may nevertheless merit special consideration insofar as it confers an epistemic benefit that would not otherwise be available. For example, confabulation may be epistemically innocent when it makes a subject more likely to form future true beliefs or helps her maintain a coherent self-concept. I consider the role of confabulation in typical cases of interpersonal gaslighting, and argue that confabulation will not be epistemically innocent in such cases even if it does preserve a coherent self-concept or belief-set for the subject. Analyzing the role of confabulation in gaslighting illustrates its role in on-going interpersonal relationships, and augments already growing evidence that confabulation may be quite widespread. The role of confabulation in gaslighting shows that whether confabulation confers epistemic benefits (and so is epistemically innocent) will depend greatly on the interpersonal context in which it is deployed, while whether a coherent self-concept is epistemically beneficial will depend to a great extent on the content of that self-concept. This shows that the notion of an epistemically harmful or beneficial feature of a cognitive process can and should be further clarified, and that doing so has both theoretical and practical advantages in understanding epistemic innocence itself.
Magnetism of ( LaCoO 3 ) n + ( LaTiO 3 ) n superlattices ( n = 1 , 2 )

${\mathrm{LaCoO}}_{3}$ provides a poignant example of a transition metal oxide where the cobalt cations display multiple spin states and spin transitions and which continues to garner substantial attention. In this work, we describe first principles studies, based on $\mathrm{DFT}+U$ theory, of superlattices containing ${\mathrm{LaCoO}}_{3}$, specifically ${({\mathrm{LaCoO}}_{3})}_{n}+{({\mathrm{LaTiO}}_{3})}_{n}$ for $n=1,2$. The superlattices show strong electron transfer from Ti to Co resulting in ${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}$, significant structural distortions and a robust orbital polarization of the ${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}$. We predict high-spin ${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}$ and a checkerboard (G-type) antiferromagnetic ground state. We provide a detailed analysis of the magnetic interactions and phases in the superlattices. We predict that ferromagnetic order on the ${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}$ can be stabilized by hole doping (e.g., replacing La by Sr), which is rather unusual for ${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}$ cations.
Effective Anisotropic Properties-Based Representation of Vapor Chambers

An easy-to-use representation of vapor chambers is developed in terms of effective anisotropic properties. This approach enables accurate simulation of the vapor chamber represented as a solid conduction block by assigning appropriate values to its effective density, specific heat, in-plane thermal conductivity, and through-plane thermal conductance. These effective properties are formulated such that the vapor chamber operation in terms of steady-state and transient thermal responses matches a full, physical simulation of phase change and energy transport in the vapor core; they are intrinsic properties that can be applied independently of the boundary conditions and heat input.
Outcomes in primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type.

e19547Background: Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL, LT) is a rare, aggressive lymphoma characterized by skin involvement predominantly in the lower extremities, an...
Nöther's Second Theorem as an Obstruction to Charge Quantization

While it is a standard result in field theory that the scaling dimension of conserved currents and their associated gauge fields are determined strictly by dimensional analysis and hence cannot change under any amount of renormalization, it is also the case that the standard conservation laws for currents, \(dJ=0\), remain unchanged in form if any differential operator that commutes with the total exterior derivative, \([d,\hat{Y}]=0\), multiplies the current. Such an operator, effectively changing the dimension of the current, increases the allowable gauge transformations in electromagnetism and is at the heart of Nother’s second theorem. We review here our recent work on one particular instance of this theorem, namely fractional electromagnetism and highlight the holographic dilaton models that exhibit such behavior and the physical consequences this theory has for charge quantization. Namely, the standard electromagnetic gauge and the fractional counterpart cannot both yield integer values of Planck’s constant when they are integrated around a closed loop, thereby leading to a breakdown of charge quantization.
Doctoral Dissertation — Augmenting a Hazard Analysis Method with Error Propagation Information for Safety-Critical Systems

Safety-critical systems need specific activities in the software development life cycle to ensure that the system will operate safely. The objective of this dissertation is to develop a new safety analysis method to identify hazards. The method uses error propagation information and the internal structure rather than the interfaces of a system. We propose development procedures to augment STPA (System-Theoretic Process Analysis) with error propagation information derived from the architecture description of a system represented in the AADL (Architecture Analysis Design Language). We will focus on how the AADL error ontology can be used to assist in identifying errors, how those errors propagate among components, and whether the errors lead to hazards in the system. Our research shows that tracing error propagation leads to the discovery of hazards and additional information that other methods miss. The new safety analysis method, Architecture Safety Analysis Method (ASAM), by augmenting STPA with early design information, is able to find more hazards, unsafe control actions, safety constraints and causes of the unsafe control actions than by using STPA alone. Our method leaves more false positives than STPA, but in safety analysis having false positive is preferred over missing actual hazards. We use the AADL error ontology to rigorously describe system component errors and how they propagate among components. We illustrate this rigorous description through several examples and we demonstrate that it yields hazards that an STPA analysis of the example did not find. In addition, we provide a mathematical notation and expressions so that formal analysis and verification of the hazards can be done to ensure that all causes of the hazards have been identified and that any developed safety constraints fully mitigate the hazards, through the use of compositional reasoning.
Molding error and its compensation in multi-order diffractive lens segmented telescope assembly

Multi-order diffractive engineered lens can be constructed with segmented lenses to provide a ultralightweight telescope. The methods to compensate segmented lens errors through its glass molding process to achieve diffraction-limited performance are discussed.
Deep Inelastic Scattering Evidence for the Reality of Quarks

In the period following World War II there was a rapid development of particle physics. With the construction of new accelerators and the development of detector technology, many new particles were discovered and the systematics of their interactions investigated. The invention of the bubble chamberplayed an especially important role in uncovering the rich array of hadrons that were discovered in this period.
Connectionism and Conditioning

First, the hook: Even if you are not a Connectionist-perhaps because you fret that Connectionism (Rumelhart and McClelland, 1986; Smolensky, 1988; Bechtel and Abrahamsen, 1989; Bechtel, 1988, 1987, 1985; and Tienson 1987) wants the conceptual resources to explain cognition generally—you may well suppose that Connectionism is sufficiently equipped gracefully and completely to explain simple learning and, certainly, conditioning. But it is not. Adequate Connectionist accounts of conditioning are not at hand, and they might be unavailable in principle. Or so I shall argue. The idea, then, that I will press is that simple learning is not so simple after all and that, as a result, it represents a serious challenge to the explanatory adequacy of Connectionism. I most assuredly do not suppose that what I have to say counts as an a priori, straight from the armchair, refutation of Connectionism. No, that is not how science, good science, is waged. Still, if Connectionism is finally to overcome its present and primary theoretical rival, it will need first to subdue conditioning before marching against general intelligence.
The Study of Mercy: What Political Scientists Know (and Don't Know) About the Pardon Power

It is commonly suggested that the pardon power (state and federal) has received little scholarly attention, at least in the discipline of political science. This piece documents such is not the case. A wealth of literature has been produced by political scientists and others commenting in political science journals, from a wild variety of perspectives (normative, political, historical, empirical, statistical, etc.). This piece reviews that literature and attempts to gather together its primary findings and conclusions. It concludes that there is much research to be done, and that political scientists would do well to attend to a classic goal of the discipline: cross-pollination with scholars in other disciplines and professions (law, history, sociology, etc.).
Vol3 and other exceptional hyperbolic 3-manifolds

D. Gabai, R. Meyerhoff and N. Thurston identified seven families of exceptional hyperbolic manifolds in their proof that a manifold which is homotopy equivalent to a hyperbolic manifold is hyperbolic. These families are each conjectured to consist of a single manifold. In fact, an important point in their argument depends on this conjecture holding for one particular exceptional family. In this paper, we prove the conjecture for that particular family, showing that the manifold known as Vol3 in the literature covers no other manifold. We also indicate techniques likely to prove this conjecture for five of the other six families.
Insulin stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity maps to insulin receptor regions required for endogenous substrate phosphorylation

Abstract We have studied the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns 3-kinase) in insulin-stimulated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing normal (CHO/IR) and mutant human insulin receptors. Insulin stimulation of CHO/IR cells results in an increase in PtdIns 3-kinase activity associated with anti-phosphotyrosine (alpha PY) immunoprecipitates, which has been previously shown to correlate with the in vivo production of PtdIns(3,4)P2, and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (Ruderman, N., Kapeller, R., White, M.F., and Cantley, L.C. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 1411-1415). Stimulation was maximal within 1 min and showed a dose response identical to that of insulin receptor autophosphorylation. The PtdIns 3-kinase also associated with the insulin receptor in an insulin-stimulated manner, as approximately 50% of the total alpha PY-precipitable activity could be specifically immunoprecipitated with anti-insulin receptor antibody. Mutant insulin receptors displayed variable ability to stimulate the PtdIns 3-kinase, but in all cases the presence of PtdIns 3-kinase in alpha PY immunoprecipitates correlated closely with the tyrosyl phosphorylation of the endogenous substrate pp185. In CHO cells expressing a kinase-deficient mutant (IRA1018), there was no observable insulin stimulation of PtdIns 3-kinase activity in alpha PY immunoprecipitates and no tyrosyl phosphorylation of pp185. Substitution of Tyr1146 in the insulin receptor regulatory region with phenylalanine partially impaired receptor autophosphorylation, pp185 phosphorylation, and insulin-stimulated increases in alpha PY-precipitable PtdIns 3-kinase activity. In contrast, a deletion mutant lacking 12 amino acids from the juxtamembrane region (IR delta 960) displayed normal in vivo autophosphorylation but failed to stimulate the PtdIns 3-kinase or phosphorylate pp185. Finally, a mutant receptor from which the C-terminal 43 amino acids had been deleted (IR delta CT) exhibited normal insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation, pp185 phosphorylation, and stimulation of the PtdIns 3-kinase activity in alpha PY immunoprecipitates. These data suggest that the PtdIns 3-kinase is itself a substrate of the insulin receptor kinase or associates preferentially with a substrate. A comparison of the biological activities of the mutant receptors with their activation of the PtdIns 3-kinase furthermore suggests that the PtdIns 3-kinase may be linked to insulin's ability to regulate DNA synthesis and cell growth.
Agglutinin response to pertussis vaccine. I. Effect of dosage and interval.

An attempt has been made to evaluate pertussis agglutinin response to pertussis antigenas presently marketed. The evidence is clear that 2 individual 0.5 ml. doses of the antigen, when given at widely spaced intervals, will result in levels of agglutinin similar to those achieved following 3 doses given at approximately monthly intervals. Since the initial dose of vaccine failed to elicit an agglutinin response and since early protection against this disease is desirable, the data indicate that immunization schedules should be carried out as currently recommended. For infants whose series of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunizations has been interrupted, it is suggested that a single additional dose may be adequate to establish immunity regardless of whether 1 or 2 doses had been given earlier or regardless of the time that may have occurred between the initial and subsequent doses.
Adaptive Engineering of Phytochelatin-based Heavy Metal Tolerance

Metabolic engineering approaches are increasingly employed for environmental applications. Because phytochelatins (PC) protect plants from heavy metal toxicity, strategies directed at manipulating the biosynthesis of these peptides hold promise for the remediation of soils and groundwaters contaminated with heavy metals. Directed evolution of Arabidopsis thaliana phytochelatin synthase (AtPCS1) yields mutants that confer levels of cadmium tolerance and accumulation greater than expression of the wild-type enzyme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis, or Brassica juncea. Surprisingly, the AtPCS1 mutants that enhance cadmium tolerance and accumulation are catalytically less efficient than wild-type enzyme. Metabolite analyses indicate that transformation with AtPCS1, but not with the mutant variants, decreases the levels of the PC precursors, glutathione and γ-glutamylcysteine, upon exposure to cadmium. Selection of AtPCS1 variants with diminished catalytic activity alleviates depletion of these metabolites, which maintains redox homeostasis while supporting PC synthesis during cadmium exposure. These results emphasize the importance of metabolic context for pathway engineering and broaden the range of tools available for environmental remediation. Background: Plants synthesize phytochelatin peptides for protection against heavy metals. Results: Metabolic engineering in yeast and plants using a phytochelatin synthase variant leads to improved cadmium tolerance. Conclusion: Enhanced cadmium tolerance results from a balance between phytochelatin synthesis and redox state. Significance: Our results emphasize the importance of metabolic context for pathway engineering and broaden the range of tools for environmental remediation.
Comparative Constitutionalism in a New Key

Law is a symbolic system that structures the political imagination. The "rule of law" is a shorthand expression for a cultural practice that constructs a particular understanding of time and space, of subjects and groups, as well as of authority and legitimacy. It is a way of projecting, maintaining, and discovering meaning in the world of historical events and political possibilities.1 The rule of law as opposed to the techniques of lawyering is not the possession of lawyers. It is a characterization of the polity, which operates both descriptively and normatively in public perception. Ours, we believe, is a nation under law, and law is a normative measure of all that it might do. That the polity should express the rule of law is a belief that has been present from the revolutionary foundation of the nation. The end of the Revolution was to be the rule of law. Mexico may have sought to institutionalize revolution.2 In America, with abolition of the monarch, law was to be king.3 In our Founding myth, Revolution and Constitution are tightly bound together as equal and linked expressions of popular sovereignty. The historical sources from which this understanding of law draws are not technical, but widely accessible. They are rooted in religious conceptions of ultimate meaning and Enlightenment understandings of rational perfectionism. The rule of law is our civic religion; it exists just at the intersection of faith and