cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antibody Levels of Measles,Rubella,Meningitis B and Hepatitis B Among Healthy Children of Macheng City,2012

Objective To investigate the levels of measles,rubella,Japanese encephalitis(JP) and hepatitis B(HBV) antibody in healthy children in Macheng in 2012.Methods Altogether 6 250 healthy people were selected with stratified random sampling method,and levels of measles IgG,rubella IgG,Japanese encephalitis IgG and hepatitis B surface antibody IgG were separately determined with enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Among the 6 250 serum samples,the positive rates were specifically: measles IgG,87.9%;rubella IgG,80.6%;JEV IgG,78.4% and hepatitis B surface antibody,52.5%.Conclusion In Macheng,the antibody positive rate of measles IgG in healthy population achieved national standard.The positive rates of rubella IgG antibody and Japanese encephalitis IgG antibody are comparatively high and the rate of hepatitis B surface antibody IgG antibody is comparatively low.Vaccination work thus should be strengthened.
THE POLYCYSTIC OVARY. IV.LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES.

Abstract The histological structure of forty-five normal and forty-seven sclerocystic ovaries was compared by means of light and electron microscopy. The capsular fibrosis distinctive of the latter was shown to be the result of a normal fibroplastic process. Contrary to the opinion of many investigators, no specific abnormalities of follicular architecture such as hyperthecosis were found, and the development and atresia of follicles in both normal and sclerocystic ovaries were identical. It is suggested that the increased number of atretic follicles in the sclerocystic ovary may be related to the known disorders of ovarian steroid biosynthesis.
Genetic Algorithms:“Non-Smooth” Discrete Optimization

In Lesson 7, we described an algorithm (called simulated annealing) that solves “almost smooth” discrete optimization problems, i.e., problems in which a “small” change in the point x leads to a small change in the value of the objective function J(x). In this lesson, we consider “non-smooth” discrete optimization problems. For such problems, a different class of algorithms has been developed: genetic algorithms that simulate evolution in nature.
Affective motivations for borrowing: Performing local identity through loan phonology ☆

Abstract Speakers of a contact variety of Bolivian Spanish use aspirates and ejectives, primarily on Quechua loanwords, due to long-term, intense societal contact with Quechua. Speakers employ aspirates and ejectives to express affective stances such as anger, humor, and intimacy, and to index a local identity. Affective ties to language through expressive and sound symbolic associations motivate the use of aspirates and ejectives in the sound system of this language. The question of what linguistic features mean to people is key to understanding how they are transferred between languages and why they are maintained by members of a speech community.
Indians of All Tribes

In November 1969, a coalition of veteran activists and students attending the new Native American studies programs at San Francisco State University and Berkeley took over the unused federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay. Like other spectacular protests, the occupation of Alcatraz derived energy from considerable media attention, which stimulated support from whites. For instance, the rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival donated a boat to bring supplies to the island. The following proclamation of the island’s seizure mocked the status of Native American reservations under the Bureau of Indian Affairs and asserted a Utopian vision of cultural rebirth. The occupation itself became chaotic and finally collapsed in June 1971. The vision survived, however, and inspired an ongoing renaissance of American Indian culture.
Systematic Variation of Fluorinated Diketopyrrolopyrrole Low Bandgap Conjugated Polymers: Synthesis by Direct Arylation Polymerization and Characterization and Performance in Organic Photovoltaics and Organic Field-Effect Transistors

The synthesis of four different diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) low bandgap polymers by direct arylation polymerization (DArP) is reported. These materials were designed for use in organic photovoltaic (OPV) and organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices. While the DPP conjugated unit was held constant for each of the materials, the alternating unit of the copolymer was varied from thiophene (TTT), to phenyl (TPT), to 3,4-difluorothiophene (TTfT), to 2,5-difluorophenyl (TPfT) creating a series of DPP materials that can be used to study structure–property-performance relationships. Molecular weights (Mw) of 17–110 kg/mol were achieved by DArP and the resulting polymers displayed excellent optical and electrical properties, comparable to previous reports of similar materials synthesized by Stille or Suzuki polycondensation. The fluorinated TTfT and TPfT materials had similar absorption profiles, but exhibited reduced Ehomo levels (by 0.1–0.2 eV) relative to TTT and TPT, which is due to the incorporation of t...
Genetic and environmental aspects of drug metabolism relevant to side-effects in arthritic disease

The adverse reactions of a drug are not exclusively due to any inherent toxicity of the drug, but are also the result of the genetic make-up of the patient, the patient’s environment and often the patient’s disease. In the past, the major cause of adverse drug reactions has been attributed to the intrinsic activity of the drug, or to overdosage, and the contribution of the patient, his environment and his disease state has generally been neglected. In rheumatoid disease the illness is probably a major contributing factor, and some of the major causes of adverse drug reactions in this condition are given in Table 1.
Cutaneous cryptococcosis mimicking basal cell carcinoma in a patient with AIDS.

Antecedents: La cryptococcose est une infection opportuniste causee par la levure encapsulee appelee Cryptococcus neoformans. Cet organisme tres repandu est souvent observe chez les patients dont le systeme immunitaire est deficient, et particulierement chez ceux qui sont atteints d'une tumeur maligne sous-jacente, qui ont subi une transplantation d'organe ou qui souffrent du syndrome d'immunodeficience acquise (SIDA). Dix a quinze pour cent des patients victimes d'une arteinte systemique presente des manifestations cutanees de la cryptococcose. Or, ces lesions de la peau peuvent simuler differentes entites cliniques. Methodes: Presentation d'un cas de cryptococcose simulant un carcinome basocellulaire. Resultats: Un patient sidatique presentant une cryptococcose cutanee non disseminee simulant un carcinome basocellulaire a ete traite energiquement pour prevenir toute maladie systemique occulte. Conclusion: La cryptococcose cutanee peut simuler d'autres affections dermatologiques.
Trauma advanced practice provider programme development in an academic setting to optimize care coordination

Background Benchmark data from the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) identified an opportunity for improvement in our trauma programme. Our unexpected return to the intensive care unit (ICU) was found to be higher than the national averages and we also noticed that our readmission rate had increased. We chose to address these complications as continuous quality improvement projects. It was hypothesized that restructuring the workflow of the trauma advanced practice providers (APPs) to focus on the delivery of comprehensive clinical care would decrease return to ICU and readmission rates of trauma patients. Methods The development of the APP programme occurred from 2012 to 2014. First, APP daily shifts were extended to mirror the resident physicians’ coverage. Second, the APPs’ original job description was expanded from ‘task-oriented’ workflow to providing comprehensive clinical care. Third, the APPs were involved in the evaluation and decision-making process for transferring trauma patients from the ICU. Finally, the APPs implemented a new discharge process that included all information in a standardized format and a follow-up phone call 24–48 hours after discharge. The trauma registry at our verified, academic level I trauma center was use to assess our ICU and hospital readmission rates during the time we instituted the new APP workflow programme. Results In 2012, our ICU readmission rate was 5.7% (TQIP=1.9%) but then decreased to 4.4% in 2013 (TQIP=2.5%) and 2.1% in 2014 (TQIP=2.8%). Our hospital readmission rate was 2.0% in 2012 but then decreased to 1.38% and 0.96% over the next 2 years. Conclusions After extending the APP service coverage, implementing a comprehensive clinical care model and standardizing the discharge process, our unplanned return to ICU rates have decreased to below the TQIP national average and hospital readmission rates have also decreased by half. Level of evidence III.
Light-Activated Hydrophobic Adhesive for Shape-Memory Polymer Nerve Cuffs

In this study, three hydrophobic polymers are investigated as potential adhesives for a shape memory polymer nerve cuff. At room temperature, the adhesive candidate exhibited a maximum lap shear stress of 1.7251 MPa, compared to 0.87641 MPa and 2.1815 MPa for two commercially available biocompatible adhesives.
Genome Sequence of a Marine Spirillum, Oceanospirillum multiglobuliferum ATCC 33336T, Isolated from Japan.

ABSTRACT Oceanospirillum multiglobuliferum ATCC 33336T is a motile gammaproteobacterium with bipolar tufted flagella, noted for its low salt tolerance compared to other marine spirilla. This strain was originally isolated from the putrid infusions of Crassostrea gigas near Hiroshima, Japan. This paper presents a draft genome sequence for O. multiglobuliferum ATCC 33336T.
Healthcare analytics and visualization using SEMantic Open Source Software (SEMOSS)

In the past year, 72% of Internet users have looked online for health information, indicating a high demand for online health information. This project seeks to help satisfy that demand by analyzing health data and designing a web portal to support patient healthcare decisions. The portal is powered by SEMantic Open Source Software (SEMOSS), an end-to-end analytics tool. The project aims to adapt SEMOSS's capabilities to make healthcare data accessible to the patient population and healthcare stakeholders. To achieve this goal, publicly-available data about doctors in the state of Virginia and hospitals across the United States was gathered. Visualizations were created to answer potential patient questions about doctors, such as which nearby practitioner has the most experience. Data from the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey, in conjunction with Census Bureau data, was explored. The census information facilitated classification of each hospital as urban or rural based on location. Multiple linear regression and random forest analysis were used to determine which elements of patient experience most influence whether a patient would recommend a hospital. Outputs from the multiple linear regression models indicated that of the statistically significant predictors, doctor communication and staff responsiveness most impacted recommendation scores in rural hospitals, and nurse communication and pain management were the most impactful for urban hospitals. Random forest analysis indicated that staff responsiveness and nurse communication were the most important variables in determining high or low recommendation scores for rural hospitals, and care transition and nurse communication were the most important variables for urban hospitals. These results will be used to create filtering options for the SEMOSS patient portal.
A space for survivance: locating Kānaka Maoli through the resonance and dissonance of critical race theory

In this article, I map a new theoretical space for Kānaka Maoli, the autochthonous people of Hawaiʻi, within the landscape of critical race theory (CRT). To engage the ways that Kānaka Maoli have b...
Abstract 22: Accuracy of Perceived Stroke Risk among Young to Middle-Aged Rural African Americans

Background & Purpose: Stroke has increased among young adults, which is concerning for African Americans (AA) who have more severe stroke-related outcomes than Caucasians. Since stroke is more common in older adults, younger adults may not recognize stroke as a threat or take action to reduce modifiable stroke risk factors. The purpose of this study was to examine accuracy of perceived stroke risk by comparing perceived risk of future stroke with actual risk of stroke among rural AA aged 19-54 years. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used and AA were recruited from rural Alabama. Perceived risk of stroke was measured using a single-item subjective rating of 10-20 year risk of stroke and factors participants attributed to their risk were also explored. Actual stroke risk was calculated based on the presence of eight risk factors: history of hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, cigarette smoking, family history of stroke, BMI > 30 and lack of exercise. Based on the number of actual risk factors, participants were categorized into one of three groups; no risk, low risk (1-2 factors); or moderate-high risk (> 3 risk factors). Results: Participants (N=66) had a mean age of 43.3+9.4 years, were 71% female, with at least 12 years of school (89%), and unemployed (62%). The majority (66%) perceived their risk of future stroke as no or low risk. However, actual risk factors averaged 2.97+1.63 out of 8 with 59% in the moderate-high actual stroke risk category. In comparing perceived versus actual risk, 44% underestimated, 47% were accurate, and 9% overestimated their risk. Sample characteristics were not associated with accuracy. Most (69%) participants with hypertension (n= 35); 80% of cigarette smokers (n= 25), 93% of diabetics (n= 13) and 88% of overweight/obese participants (n= 49) did not identify their personal risk factors as contributing to their risk of future stroke. Conclusion: Despite the number of risk factors observed, participants did not perceive a high risk of future stroke, almost half underestimated their risk of stroke, and few recognized personal risk factors. Strategies to address risk misperceptions should be explored to improve accuracy of perceived stroke risk and facilitate tailoring of interventions to reduce stroke.
Dramatic Reduction in 30-Day Readmissions Through High-Risk Screening and Two-Phase Interdisciplinary Care.

OBJECTIVES Thirty-day readmissions are common, serious, and costly. Most important, often they are preventable. The purpose of this quality improvement study was to evaluate an interdisciplinary, two-phase intervention to reduce 30-day readmissions among high-risk medical patients. One or two high-risk patients were selected each weekday by a hospitalist using literature-based, locally tested criteria that included common medical illnesses, active psychiatric illness, and recent or recurrent hospital admissions. METHODS Patients admitted to 1 of 5 medical hospitalist teams were selected to receive the intervention; patients admitted to the 4 remaining teams were used for comparison. The two-phase care coordination intervention consisted of a daily interdisciplinary team meeting for the selected high-risk patients and postdischarge interventions that included outpatient care coordination until the patients' first follow-up appointment. The care plan addressed medical/geriatric assessment, social stability, medication reconciliation, nutritional needs, care coordination including future appointments/testing, and community services. Eighty-five patients in the intervention group were compared with 84 patients from the comparison group using propensity score matching. Patient characteristics were similar at baseline. RESULTS The intervention group demonstrated a reduction in 30-day readmissions by 52% (11 vs 23, P = 0.019). Length of stay was reduced: 5.5 days compared with 7.2 days (P = 0.258). CONCLUSIONS This intervention produced a significant reduction in 30-day readmissions for high-risk patients and a trend for shorter lengths of stay compared with similarly matched patients. Future research trials are needed to verify these results.
The Epidemiology of Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is characterized by a rare multinucleated giant neoplastic cell in tumors largely composed of other nonmalignant immune cells. It is clear that this entity comprises distinct diseases with separate epidemiological patterns, but the precise definition of each is complicated by correlations between the major defining characteristics: age at diagnosis, histopathology, and the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome in the DNA of the neoplastic cells (EBV tumor status). The most common but least understood of these is EBV-negative nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma (NSHL), a strongly heritable disease of adolescents and young adults, associated with HLA class II and other immune-related genotypes. NSHL is also subject to strong environmental determinates: it dramatically increases in frequency in populations undergoing economic development and consequent social change and is associated with early childhood isolation. A second entity, defined by EBV-positivity in the tumor cells (EBV-positive HL), occurs at the two age extremes and in young adulthood associated with a history of infectious mononucleosis (IM). Moreover, it is predicted by pre-diagnostic elevated levels of specific EBV antibodies and by higher viral load and is linked to specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles, suggesting poor control of primary EBV infection. EBV-positive cHL is highly correlated with the second most common histopathologic subtype, mixed cellularity HL (MCHL), but the existence of incompletely characterized EBV-negative MCHL and EBV-positive NSHL precludes a definitive understanding. A less common and even more familial condition, distinct from “classical” HL, is nodular lymphocyte predominant HL (NLPHL). Here we describe the demographic patterns of the major HL subtypes and the current state of knowledge of the genetic and nongenetic risk factors.
ESVS Volodos Lecture: Innovations and the Hippocratic Oath

This lecture remembers Professor Nicolai Volodos, a pioneer innovator and a giant in vascular and endovascular surgery, who performed the first endovascular repair of a thoracic aneurysm in 1987 and developed a complex endovascular program by the end of the 1980s. The manuscript recalls major innovations and innovators in vascular surgery, examines the challenges innovators and those who adopt innovations face and discusses the modern meaning of the Hippocratic Oath. The author concludes that surgical innovations are essential to advance cost-effective care, and shared decision making on adopting new therapies by an ethical surgeon and a well informed patient is the cornerstone of ethical patient care.
Application of Spectral Techniques to Solving 2D Electrostatic Problems

In pretty much all of the text treatment so far we have used spectral (Fourier/Laplace) techniques in the time domain. We expanded total solution in terms of summation of the exponential function e st where s is the complex frequency. In this chapter we carry the same principles to the space domain. Putting time a side, and assuming solution is a DC one, we apply spectral techniques to figure voltage (and electric field) across a 2D conductor slab with predefined boundary conditions. We effectively solve for Laplace’s equation (to be distinguished from Laplace’s transform) which governs the electrostatic potential in a zero-charge region, and subject to some boundary conditions. We use the method of separation of variables and decouple the problem into an x-dependent solution and a y-one. Again we use basis functions and evaluate Fourier coefficients by integrating the forcing boundary functions against the harmonics. We apply the method on a few examples, plot the 2D potential, and compare favorably with field-solver solutions. We wrap the chapter by showing how we can deal with multiple boundary conditions using superposition.
Physiological Vagility Affects Population Genetic Structure and Dispersal and Enables Migratory Capacity in Vertebrates

Abstract Vagility is defined as the relative capacity for movement. We developed previously a quantitative metric in vertebrates for physiological vagility (PV), the speed at which an animal can move sustainably, incorporating aerobic capacity, body size, body temperature, and transport costs, allowing quantitative tests of whether PV can explain variation in interclass population genetic structure and behaviors involved in dispersal. We found that PV increased with body mass, correlated with maximal dispersal distances, and was inversely related to genetic structure in multiple vertebrate groups. Here we review these relationships and expand our analysis to include additional groups; we also suggest that PV may be utilized to partially explain variation in migratory capacity between groups. We show a positive correlation between PV and maximum migration distance (M MAX ) in most groups that reflects many of the relationships observed between PV and dispersal. Flying birds, marine mammals, and large terrestrial mammals display the greatest M MAX and each of these groups has the highest PV among vertebrate groups, while reptiles and small terrestrial mammals had the lowest PV and M MAX . By contrast, marine turtles have exceptional M MAX but do not possess high PV. We suggest that PV is an important mechanism enabling both dispersal and migratory capacity, and affects genetic structure, but that other life history characteristics also need to be considered.
Approximating the Community Structure of the Long Tail

In many social media applications, a small fraction of the members are highly linked while most are sparsely connected to the network. Such a skewed distribution is sometimes referred to as the 'long tail'. Popular applications like meme trackers and content aggregators mine for information from only the popular blogs located at the head of this curve. On the other hand, the long tail contains large volumes of interesting information and niches. The question we address in this work is how best to approximate the community membership of entities in the long tail using only a small percentage of the entire graph structure. Our technique utilizes basic linear algebra manipulations and spectral methods. It has the advantage of quickly and efficiently finding a reasonable approximation of the community structure of the overall network. Such a method has significant applications in blog analysis engines as well as social media monitoring tools in general.
HOW TO DESIGN USABLE SYSTEMS (EXCERPT)

ABSTRACT This paper describes a process of system design that, if you follow it, will help you design good computer systems for people — systems that are easy to learn, easy to use, contain the right functions, and are liked. There are four key points in this usability design process: early focus on users; empirical measurement; iterative design; and integrated design, where all aspects of usability evolve together from the start. This paper focuses upon 20-30 informal methods to carry out these four points. Many of the methods can be used without extensive training in human factors. This is important because usability is so broad and so deep that there is not enough trained human factors people to work on it. Use of these methods is contrasted with other approaches frequently discussed today, including user interface standards, handbooks and guidelines, and formal models.
Cluster X-ray Luminosity and First Ranked Galaxy Size

We examine the relation between the metric X-ray luminosity of a cluster of galaxies and the optical core radius of its brightest member. Implications for theories of galaxy growth are briefly discussed.
Dispositional optimism and luck attributions: Implications for philosophical theories of luck

We conducted two studies to determine whether there is a relationship between dispositional optimism and the attribution of good or bad luck to ambiguous luck scenarios. Study 1 presented five scen...
Relapsing Polychondritis with Meningoencephalitis Refractory to Immunosuppressant Therapy.

Meningoencephalitis is a rare complication of relapsing polychondritis. We report a case of a 25-year-old male who presented with visual hallucinations and symptoms of depression and anxiety, white matter changes on MRI, and CSF lymphocytosis, along with inflammatory chondritis seen in his auricle cartilage biopsy. Eventually he was given the diagnosis of RP presenting with meningoencephalitis based on CSF analysis, brain MRI findings, negative serologies, and neurologic exam findings. The patient’s clinical state did not improve despite being on IV methylprednisolone for a period of 7 days; afterwards he was switched to oral prednisone with no clinical improvement. As a result, he was given cyclophosphamide and rituximab, respectively, without benefit. He also underwent craniectomy with VP shunt due to worsening hydrocephalus and a brain biopsy was done to confirm the diagnosis. He is currently on methotrexate and steroid dependent with a goal to taper down. Even though all 19 reported cases of meningoencephalitis with RP in the literature did respond to immunosuppressive therapy, in our case, however the patient did not respond to immunosuppressive treatment and currently is in mute dementia status after three years of treatment.
A New Flagelliflorous Species of Stenanona (Annonaceae) from Mexico, with a Review of the Phenomenon of Flagelliflory

Stenanona flagelliflora is described as a new species of small, flagelliflorous tree from deep-soil hill rain forests of the Uxpanapa-Chimalapa region of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, in Veracruz and Oaxaca, Mexico. In flagelliflory, flowers are borne on essentially leafless modified whip-like branches that trail across the ground; this is the first report of the phenonenon for the flora of Mexico or Central America. The phenomenon of flagelliflory and its worldwide occurrence are reviewed. The Central American genus Stenanona is not closely related to other New World annonaceous genera with flagelliflorous species but rather is likely most closely related to the Old World species of Polyalthia with superficially inaperturate but internally disulculate pollen. The distribution of S. flagelliflora and of its closest relatives, as well as the existence of flagelliflory in Mexican rain forest, provide additional data supporting the persistence of rain forest lineages in Mexico throughout climatically adverse periods of the late Cenozoic. The new species is considered to be Critically Endangered (CR) under the IUCN Red List classification.
HIRMES: the third generation instrument for SOFIA (Conference Presentation)

We will present a status update on the development of HIRMES, the third generation instrument for SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy). HIRMES (HIgh Resolution Mid-infrarEd Spectrometer) will cover the wavelength range between 25 micron and 122 micron with a spectral resolution of up to R~100,000. It will use two arrays of Transition Edge Sensed (TES) bolometers. One of the arrays consists of 8 16-pixel strips, for the high-resolution mode, where the pixel area and backshorts are optimized for 8 different wavelength regimes. The second detector consists of a 16x64 array with excellent sensitivity over the full wavelength range, and it will be used for the mid-resolution (R~19,000) and low-resolution (R~2,000 and R~600) observing modes. Both detector arrays will have background limited performance with NEPs of < 2E-17 W/Hz^(1/2) for the low-resolution array and < 3E-18 W/Hz^(1/2) for the high-resolution array. HIRMES will employ several Fabry-Perot Interferometers (FPI) for the low- (R~2000), mid- (R~19,000), and high-resolution (R~100,000) observing modes. In addition, three gratings with resolutions of R~600 will be used to order-sort FPI transmission peaks, and also to obtain low resolution broad bandwidth spectra. HIRMES's main science goals are to study the evolution of protoplanetary disks as well as to investigate the origin of Hydrogen and Deuterium in the Solar System. The high spectral resolution observations of the HD 1-0 R(0) line at 112 micron will determine the gas mass and kinematics in protoplanetary disks, while the observations of the [OI] 63 micron and H2O lines reveal the amount of Oxygen and H20 within the snowline. Low spectral resolution observations of solid-state H20 ice features at ~43 and ~63 micron will determine the amount of water ice beyond the snowline. Measurements of the molecular hydrogen line and numerous HD lines at mid-resolution will help to estimate the H/D ratio in the Solar System. In addition, the low-resolution FPI is well suited to map fine-structure line emission from nearby galaxies.
Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Low Back Pain: a Comprehensive Review.

Back pain is a growing problem worldwide, incurring enormous economic costs and disability. Current treatment modalities often provide adequate relief but fail to address underlying conditions. Regenerative cellular modalities aim to restore anatomical function in degenerative conditions which may cause low back pain. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) consists of an increased concentration of autologous platelets suspended in a small amount of plasma. PRP can be administered via injection or topically and is prepared using various techniques. While a unifying mechanism of action is not well understood, biochemical and cellular changes involved in inflammation and mechanical structure have been detected in both in vitro and in vivo studies. At a higher level, PRP injection research utilizing animal models and patient data have provided insights into pain relief, chondroprotection, and factors that impact the therapy’s efficacy. Recently, a small number of studies have promoted PRP injection as a relatively safe means of treating patients with degenerative disc disease who have failed other means of managing their lower back pain. PRP injections for sacroiliac joint–related pain are not an accepted or common treatment modality; the evidence for their efficacy remains to be seen outside of small RCTs and case reports. A small number of prospective trials have suggested there may be some benefit to using PRP injection in the treatment of pain or functional decline caused by facet joint arthropathy. These commonly used modalities require further study to improve quality of evidence and to investigate the safety and efficacy of PRP injections for various common causes of chronic low back.
Parafoveal vessel changes in primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose To evaluate parafoveal and peripapillary perfusion in healthy, glaucoma suspect, normal-tension glaucoma, and primary open-angle glaucoma subjects. Patients and methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with optical coherence tomography angiography imaging with RTVue XR Avanti (Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA) of 56 eyes (14 healthy, 14 glaucoma suspect, 16 normal-tension glaucoma, and 12 primary open-angle glaucoma) at a tertiary academic referral center. Parafoveal and peripapillary superficial vessel density and parafoveal superficial retinal thickness were the main parameters of interest. Area under receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated. Results There were significant decreases in parafoveal superficial vessel density in primary open-angle (40.06±4.54%, P<0.001) and normal-tension glaucoma (42.82±5.16%, P=0.010) but not suspect eyes (45.72±4.37%, P=0.916) compared to healthy eyes (48.10±2.82%). Similarly, decreases were observed in parafoveal inner retinal thickness in primary open-angle (83.19±14.29 μm, P<0.001) and normal-tension glaucoma eyes (94.97±12.44 μm, P=0.035), but not suspect eyes (99.93±9.00 μm, P=0.648), compared to healthy controls (107.00±9.55 μm). Only primary open-angle glaucoma eyes displayed significant changes in peripapillary vessel density (37.63±7.19%) compared to healthy controls (49.12±2.80%, P<0.001). Further statistical adjustment for sex and age revealed a significant decrease in parafoveal vessel density in suspects relative to controls (P=0.039). Diagnostic accuracy of parafoveal vessel density was high with an area under the curve of 0.833±0.073 for normal-tension glaucoma and 0.946±0.049 for primary open-angle glaucoma. Conclusion Parafoveal vessel density was significantly reduced in glaucomatous eyes, with good diagnostic accuracy. These findings provide further evidence that these changes may be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease in glaucoma patients.
Enhancing an e-commerce course with wireless application protocol (WAP) programming

In the 2000 meeting of the CCSC, we presented details of an e-commerce course that had been introduced into our curriculum. Since then we have enhanced the course by adding a component that addresses wireless application development. In this paper we present our experiences with this addition.Teaching wireless application development involves teaching WAP, the wireless application protocol. WAP includes such things as WML (wireless markup language), WML Script, WSP (wireless session protocol), and micro browser. We describe how making WAP part of a large traditional e-commerce project can enhance student experience while at the same time provide them with an insight into the things to come.
Exploring non-adiabaticity to CO reduction reaction through ab initio molecular dynamics simulation

Non-adiabatic chemical reaction refers to the electronic excitation during reactions. This effect cannot be modeled by the ground-state Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BO-MD), where the electronic structure is at the ground state for every step of ions’ movement. Although the non-adiabatic effect has been explored extensively in gas phase reactions, its role in electrochemical reactions, such as water splitting and CO2 reduction, in electrolyte has been rarely explored. On the other hand, electrochemical reactions usually involve electron transport; thus, a non-adiabatic process can naturally play a significant role. In this work, using one-step CO2 reduction as an example, we investigated the role of the non-adiabatic effect in the reaction. The reaction barriers were computed by adiabatic BO-MD and non-adiabatic real-time time dependent density functional theory (rt-TDDFT). We found that by including the non-adiabatic effect, rt-TDDFT could increase the reaction barrier up to 6% compared to the BO-MD calculated barrier when the solvent model is used to represent water. Simulations were carried out using explicit water molecules around the reaction site under different overpotentials, and similar non-adiabatic effects were found.
The impact of the cardiopulmonary bypass on the infant immunoglobulin and the method of the human immunoglobulin supplementary

Objective To explore the effect of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the infant immunoglobulin and the method.of the human immunoglobulin supplementary. Methods Thirty cases of infant congenital heart disease were mean divided into 3 groups (A, B and C). Group A and B were the CPB cases, group C was comparison group. All the infants had been detected the blood immunoglobulin level before and after the cardiotic operation. Results The CPB can decline the infant blood immuno-globulin significantly and the supplementary of the human immunoglobulin after the operation can increase the infant blood immunoglobulin level rapidly. Conclusions The CPB operation can make the infant blood immunoglobulin decline for a week and supply the human immunoglobulin early can make the infant blood immunoglobulin level restore normal rapidly and increase the body immunity. Key words: Cardiopulmonary bypass ; Immunoglobulin ; Infant
Partisanship, Public Opinion, and Redistricting

This paper analyzes new survey data on Americans' attitudes concerning the redistricting process. We find, unsurprisingly, that a large share of the population has little knowledge about the redistricting process, but that residents living in a state with a recent redistricting controversy are more likely to hold opinions about the issue. Of those who do have opinions, their attitudes toward the redistricting process are reflective of their attitudes toward government generally. Members of the "out" party are more dissatisfied with the redistricting process when the in-party controls the redistricting process, and satisfaction is generally greatest in states where government is divided between the parties. Consistent with such results, we also find Americans to be strongly supportive of leaving redistricting to an independent commission, as opposed to state legislatures.
Light-Harvesting “Antenna” Behavior in NU-1000

Structural or conceptual synthetic analogues of natural photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes hold promise as entities capable of both efficient collection of visible-region solar photons and r...
Analysis of trends in lumbar disc degeneration using kinematic MRI

Abstract Objective The aim of the current study was to classify and analyze trends in lumbar disc degeneration across age, sex, and disc level using weightbearing kinematic MRI. Materials and methods Between January 2019 and July 2019, 1198 cases were retrospectively analyzed with kinematic MRI. Patients were divided into 5 groups based on age (20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60+) and evaluated using the Pfirrmann classification to assess for disc degeneration at 5 vertebral levels: L1/2, L2/3, L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1. Trends in degeneration were analyzed with regression and time series. Results The L5/S1 vertebral disc had the highest prevalence of severe degeneration across all age groups. The most common multi-level degeneration combinations were L4/5 and L5/S1 for two levels and L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1 for three levels. All vertebral levels showed significant difference in mean Pfirrmann grade among the age groups (p Conclusion Our findings using kinematic MRI demonstrate that degeneration increases with age and is most severe in the L5/S1 disc. In multi-level degeneration the most prevalent combinations are those that are contiguous and include L5/S1. Young males were more likely to have degeneration than young females, but there was no significant difference from the fifth decade of life on.
Located Institutions: Neighborhood Frames, Residential Preferences, and the Case of Policing

How do parents weigh police presence and police activity in their assessments of a neighborhood’s suitability for raising children? How do place-bound institutions relate to neighborhood frames? This article introduces located institutions as a way of articulating how certain institutions—here, the police—become a lens through which parents make meaning of places and thus express preferences for particular neighborhoods or communities. By drawing from 73 interviews with a diverse sample of parents in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, this article shows how parents draw on their perceptions of the police as an attractive amenity or a public nuisance as a way of articulating neighborhood frames and making sense of their residential preferences. More broadly, this article envisions the perception of institutions as a key mechanism that shapes neighborhood frames and residential preferences.
Effect of Tibial Slope on Coronal Alignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Malalignment of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) components affects function and survivorship. Common practice is to set coronal alignment prior to adjusting slope. With improper jig placement, adjustment of the slope may alter coronal alignment. The purpose of this study was to quantify the change in coronal alignment with increasing posterior tibial slope while comparing two methods of jig fixation. A prospective consecutive series of 100 patients underwent TKA using computer navigation. Fifty patients had the extramedullary cutting jig secured proximally with one pin and 50 patients had the jig secured proximally with two pins. Coronal alignment (CA) was recorded with each increasing degree of posterior slope (PS) from 0 to 7 degrees. Mean CA and change in CA were compared between cohorts. Utilizing one pin, osteotomies drifted into varus with an average change in CA of 0.34 degrees per degree PS. At 4 degrees PS, patients started to have >3 degrees of varus with 12.0% having >3 degrees of varus at 7 degrees PS. Utilizing two pins, osteotomies drifted into valgus with an average change of 0.04 degrees in CA per degree PS. No patients in the two-pin cohort fell outside 3 degrees varus/valgus CA. CA was significantly different at all degrees of PS between the cohorts. Changes in PS influenced CA making verification of tibial cut intraoperative critical. Use of >1 pin and computer navigation were beneficial to prevent coronal plane malalignment. This relationship may explain why computer navigation has been shown to improve alignment as well as survivorship and outcomes in some patients, especially those <65 years.
WellBeing at the Workplace: The Urgency and Opportunity

Stress and burnout of healthcare providers have become a major healthcare issue that has implications for not only workforce projections, but the cost and quality of patient care and the lives of healthcare providers and their families. Increasingly, organizations are understanding the importance of creating cultures of well-being that both mitigate burnout and create conditions that support well-being and human flourishing. Factors contributing to well-being include health, purpose, relationships, community, safety and security, and the environment. The Wellbeing Leadership Program is a creative blend of programming offered through the Bakken Center that includes 3 day-long retreats, independent study, and online learning. The program emphasizes personal and leadership practices that are simple, concrete, powerful, and inspiring. The series is based on the premise that leaders are needed at every level of the organization who have the knowledge, skills, and capacity to advance well-being.
Inflammasome activation: A form of autocrine purinergic signaling in monocytes

Previously, we have demonstrated that autocrine purinergic signaling plays an important role in host defense. ATP is released from immune cells including neutrophils and T cells upon pathogen recog...
The Isolation of Online Adjunct Faculty and Its Impact on Their Performance

Using a grounded theory qualitative research approach, this article examines the experiences of 28 adjunct faculty members who work at the same university, exploring their views on whether periodically meeting face-to-face with management and peers has the potential to affect their motivation on the job and consequently the quality of education they provide to students. A few management representatives also shared their perspectives on the phenomenon; this enabled the researcher to compare the views of these two populations on whether face-to-face contact among faculty enhances teaching performance. The results of this study suggest a few issues that online schools must address in their efforts to improve adjuncts’ sense of affiliation and loyalty to their institution, which in turn will positively affect student retention levels. The main issues of concern to adjunct faculty are (a) inadequate frequency and depth of communication, regardless of the means used, whether online or face-to-face; (b) lack of recognition of instructors’ value to the institution; and (c) lack of opportunities for skill development.
Liver stiffness measurement by magnetic resonance elastography is not associated with developing hepatocellular carcinoma in subjects with compensated cirrhosis.

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34: 83–91 Summary Background Liver stiffness assessed using transient elastography is described as a potential risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis. However, the strict assessment of hepatic parenchymal areas uninvolved with HCC has not been investigated. Aim To determine if liver stiffness of nonmalignant hepatic parenchyma using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is higher in patients with HCC compared with controls. Methods Cases were defined by compensated cirrhosis with a Child–Turcotte–Pugh score <7 and HCC by radiological criteria or histology. Control subjects with compensated cirrhosis were frequency matched with cases by gender and disease aetiology. Overt manifestations of portal hypertension and previous therapy for liver disease or HCC were exclusion criteria. Region of interest analyses were performed on hepatic parenchyma regions distant to HCC location among cases. Results Thirty patients with HCC and 60 matched controls comprised the study cohort. The mean age for cases was 64 ± 10 years (range, 45–85) with 70% being men. Major disease aetiologies were chronic viral hepatitis (57%), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (33%) and alcohol (10%). Twenty-eight (93%) patients had solitary HCC lesions with a mean size of 5.2 cm (range, 2–14 cm). However, patients with HCC had similar liver stiffness among uninvolved areas distant to HCC lesions, when compared with controls without HCC (mean, 6.1 ± 2.0 vs. 6.3 ± 2.5 kPa, P = 0.7). Conclusion In contrast to previous studies with transient elastography, we did not observe a systematic association between liver stiffness assessed using MRE and the presence of HCC in patients with compensated cirrhosis.
The conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. V. The activation of prothrombin by factor Xa in the presence of phospholipid.

Abstract As shown previously for activated Factor X and Ca2+ alone, (Esmon, C. T., and Jackson, C. M. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 7782–7790) prothrombin activation by activated Factor X and Ca2+ in the presence of phospholipid also proceeds via Intermediate 2 and Fragment 1·2, i.e. [see PDF for equation] Unless rapidly inactivated, thrombin cleaves Fragment 1·2 into two smaller activation products, i.e. Fragment 1·2 (Thrombin)/→ Fragment 1 + Fragment 2 2) The direct and concomitant formation of Intermediate 2 and Fragment 1·2 was demonstrated by activating prothrombin in the presence of iPr2P-F. In the absence of this inhibitor, thrombin, in addition to catalyzing the reaction of Equation 2, cleaves Fragment 1 from prothrombin and in so doing eliminates the possibility of observing phospholipid catalysis from all but the earliest stages of reaction (Gitel, S. N., Owen, W. G., Esmon, C. T., and Jackson, C. M. (1973) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 70, 1344–1348). The reaction of Equation 1 was shown to occur independent of any "special effect" of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (iPr2P-F) by a direct demonstration of Intermediate 2 and Fragment 1·2 formation from tritium-labeled prothrombin. Both the formation of Intermediate 2 and its conversion to thrombin are accelerated by phospholipid. However, in the presence of phospholipid, Intermediate 2 was found to satisfy the necessary condition for an intermediate on a sequential activation path, i.e. that its rate of conversion to thrombin be greater than or equal to the rate of prothrombin conversion to thrombin, if and only if, Fragment 1·2 were also present in the activation mixture. In view of this observation, the true activation intermediate of the phospholipid-catalyzed pathway must consist of both Intermediate 2 and Fragment 1·2. Fragment 1 plus Fragment 2 was not able to substitute for Fragment 1·2. Intermediate 2 and Fragment 1·2 were demonstrated to associate noncovalently to form a product with gel electrophoretic properties indistinguishable from those of prothrombin. This association of Fragment 1·2 with Intermediate 2 apparently provides the mechanism by which Intermediate 2 can be retained on the phospholipid surface and thus be readily accessible to the activated Factor X for the final proteolysis which is required to form thrombin. An alternative prothrombin activation pathway which maintains the integrity of the Intermediate 2 and Fragment 1·2 portions of the prothrombin molecule during the two-step activation process was proposed previously (Esmon, C. T., Owen, W. G., and Jackson, C. M. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 606–611). No unambiguous evidence for the existence of the alternative activation route could be demonstrated and thus the reactions of Equation 1 appear to describe the principal, if not exclusive, pathway of prothrombin activation by Factor Xa, phospholipid, and Ca2+.