cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age Effects on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Control System in the Rat

Early recognition that hormones were major regulators of body function has made studies of aging on endocrine control mechanisms attractive to gerontologists. Age alterations in reproductive control systems are well documented. A better understanding of aging changes in the reproductive control system of both man and other species should not only aid in the identification of appropriate animal models to use in the study of aging effects on human physiological systems, but also allow development of clinical procedures which could restore certain endocrine functions and improve the quality of life with advancing age.
Are you connected? Evaluating information cascades in online discussion about the #RaceTogether campaign

In the context of online discussion about the recent Starbucks' "Race Together" cup campaign, this study aims to explore the central users in the online discussion network on Twitter and the factors contributing to a user's central status in the network. A social network analysis of 18,000 unique tweets comprising 26,539 edges and 14,343 Twitter users indicated five types of central users: conversation starter, influencer, active engager, network builder, and information bridge. Moreover, path analysis revealed that the number of people a Twitter user follows, the number of followers a user has, and the number of tweets a user generates within a time period helped a user increase his/her "indegree" connections in the network, which, together with one's "out-degree" connections in the network, propelled a user to become a central figure in the network. There are five types of central users in a social network.The number of people a Twitter user follows is positively correlated with one's "in-degree" links.The number of followers a Twitter user has is positively correlated with one's "in-degree" links.The number of tweets a Twitter user generates is positively correlated with one's the "in-degree" links.One's "in-degree" links and "out-degree" links are positively correlated with one's "betweenness centrality" score.
Bolstering environmental (in)justice claims with a quasi-experimental research design

Claims of environmental injustice are often confounded by the potential for reverse causality. An undesirable land use may concentrate minorities and poor people locally as the established population moves out and others remain or move in. This paper addresses the issue of causality for the case of waste incinerators in France with a before and after, matched control design. Site selection, population migration, and the capacity and emissions of incinerators have mutually reinforcing effects that can exacerbate environmental injustice. We develop a predictive model of incinerator siting in France and use it to identify a viable twin location for every incinerator site, similar in most aspects, except the twins were not selected to host a facility. In turn, these matches enable us to construct explicit counterfactuals and measure the true impact of incinerators on demographic change. We find solid evidence that concentration of immigrants influences incinerator location and weak evidence for the converse, that incinerator location influences concentration of immigrant populations. We also find that concentration of immigrants greatly affects the operations of incinerators, with greater capacity and greater emissions at incinerators located near the highest concentrations of immigrant populations.
Scrub Typhus: A Clinico-Laboratory Differentiation of Children with and without Meningitis.

Neurological involvement in the form of meningitis or meningoencephalitis, although well documented in scrub typhus, has not been extensively studied in the pediatric population. We report the clinical and laboratory profile of 96 children with scrub typhus and compared those with and without meningitis. Twenty seven (28%) children had clinical and laboratory evidence of meningitis. The most frequent presenting features were fever (100%), meningeal signs (66.6%), nausea and vomiting (56.3%), seizures (55.5%) and altered sensorium (51.8%). The children with meningitis presented early and had significantly lower respiratory and renal impairments when compared with the non-meningitis group. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed elevated total leukocyte count (86.73 ± 94.50 cells/mm(3)), mononuclear pleocytosis (lymphocyte percentage of 76.85 ± 15.86), elevated proteins (108.33 ± 52.63 mg%) and normal CSF glucose (64.18 ± 15.92 mg%). We conclude that meningitis is a common and early complication of childhood scrub typhus. The CSF reveals a lymphocytic pleocytosis, raised proteins and a normal glucose level. These children respond promptly to appropriate antibiotics as do children without meningitis.
Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Continuous Microdose Quingestanol Acetate

The mechanism of action of the contraceptive agent quingestanol acetate administered continuously in doses of 300 mcg/day was studied in 5 healthy ovulating women. Urinary estrone estradiol estriol total estrogens pregnanediol serum progesterone follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH) cervical mucus properties sperm transport through cervical mucus vaginal cytology and basal body temperature were studied during control and treatment cycles. During the treatment cycles endometrial morphology was slightly altered. Preovulatory FSH and LH were suppressed urinary estrogens were altered in some cases and serum progesterone decreased during the luteal phase. The amount of cervical mucus spinnbarkheit and ferning decreased and the cell content and viscosity of cervical mucus increased in midcycle. Sperm penetration was markedly inhibited. Quingestanol seems to have less contraceptive efficacy than norgestrel or norethindrone. The results suggest that the contraceptive mechanism of quingestanol acetate involves the alteration of ovulation disturbance of corpus luteum function and changes in cervical mucus that inhibit sperm penetration.
Response and Recovery of an MRAC Advanced Flight Control System to Wake Vortex Encounters

A three-dimensional, twin-core wake vortex model is developed within the MATLAB/Simulink ® environment, and the effects of this disturbance on a 6 Degree-ofFreedom general aviation-based MRAC flight control system is studied. An envelope protection scheme is developed to augment the aircraft’s response to the disturbance, and three scenarios are tested to evaluate the controller’s performance in response to and recovery from the wake vortex. These scenarios include the controller responding with no pilot input, the controller responding with pilot input, and the pilot responding with no controller input. Pilot-in-the-loop testing and simulation runs are performed, and it is found that having the controller active greatly improves response and recovery performance during and after the wake vortex encounter.
Abstract P5-08-01: Oncology Clinicians’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Fertility Preservation

Background: Many breast cancer survivors of child-bearing age wish to become parents after therapy and are concerned about the possibility of treatment-induced infertility. Educating patients about the effects of therapy on fertility, early menopause, and fertility preservation options prior to treatment may optimize a survivor9s quality of life after treatment. It is unclear whether oncologists feel qualified to discuss fertility issues with their patients, and if not, what barriers prevent such discussions. Methods: An IRB approved cross-sectional survey was developed at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) in order for clinicians to self-evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding fertility preservation. Survey items were derived from existing surveys in the literature and input from a multidisciplinary committee. The web-based survey was systematically administered to all MSKCC ambulatory clinicians. Repeated email reminders were sent to optimize responses. Results: 76 breast cancer clinicians at MSKCC and our regional network sites completed the survey between 2/9/09 and 2/25/09. Among respondents, there was widespread agreement (97% (70/72)) that patients should be informed of fertility preservation options, but fewer respondents (51% (37/72)) consistently discussed effects of treatment on fertility with their patients. Only 47% of clinicians (35/74) reported access to information about effects of treatment on fertility. Many physicians cited lack of training in fertility preservation, time constraints, and lack of referral information as barriers to educating patients. No significant difference existed in practice or knowledge between physicians who were practicing for ≤ 5 years vs ≥ 5 years. Conclusions: Physicians report that lack of education, resources and insufficient time hinder fertility preservation discussions with patients. Physicians might benefit from educational efforts regarding the effects of treatment on fertility and new fertility preservation techniques in order to effectively counsel their patients. Time limitations may be overcome by developing educational resources and collaborating with other clinical staff (e.g., nurses) to provide this vital information to patients. These findings are informing an institution-wide educational fertility program. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-08-01.
Simulated Calculation of Infrared Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline MgO

In this article,we calculated the band structure,density of state and the infrared optical properties in the use of the first principle,so that we can predict the properties of MgO and the feasibility of experiments.At the meantime,we can explain that the lattice expansion of nano-MgO is one of the reasons for the phenomenon that the infrared absorption peak red shifted in the spectrum.
Gene Expression Analysis of Yellowish Leaf Mutant(Annong Biao 810S) in Rice

The differences in gene expression were analyzed between a natural yellowish leaf mutant,Annong Biao 810S and its wild type Annong 810S,a PTGMS line in rice by using cDNA microarrays.The results showed that in the mutant type,more than forty chloroplast protein related genes had an up-regulated expression while only one gene,i.e.,the gene encoding the senescence-inducible chloroplast stay-green protein(SGR),had a remarkable down-regulated expression,indicating that the leaf yellowing might result from the low expression of the gene SGR in the mutant type rice.
Epigenetic Control in Male Germ Cells

Germ cells constitute the vehicles of genetic information and thereby of inheritance through generations. The epigenetic control mechanisms that govern maintenance and reprogramming of the germline in diverse organisms have gained increasing interest as they reveal essential regulatory pathways implicated in health and disease. We describe a step-by-step transillumination-assisted microdissection method currently used in our laboratory to routinely characterize various spermatogenic cell types. This methodology is ideal to analyze nuclear chromatin condensation and allows further evaluation of epigenetic modifications in male germ cells.
The Unified Diagram

Using the field theory and the longitudinal control model presented in the previous two chapters as a framework, one can conveniently relate traffic flow models to each other. As such, a unified perspective can be cast on traffic flow modeling with bridges not only within but also between microscopic and macroscopic levels.
Neuroprotective effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a juvenile rat model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury

Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) is an important medical concern for adolescent athletes that can lead to long-term disabilities. Multiple mild injuries may exacerbate tissue damage resulting in cumulative brain injury and poor functional recovery. In the present study, we investigated the increased brain vulnerability to rmTBI and the effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment using a juvenile rat model of rmTBI. Two episodes of mild cortical controlled impact (3 days apart) were induced in juvenile rats. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) was applied 1 hour/day × 3 days at 2 atmosphere absolute consecutively, starting at 1 day after initial mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Neuropathology was assessed by multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tissue immunohistochemistry. After repetitive mTBI, there were increases in T2-weighted imaging-defined cortical lesions and susceptibility weighted imaging-defined cortical microhemorrhages, correlated with brain tissue gliosis at the site of impact. HBO treatment significantly decreased the MRI-identified abnormalities and tissue histopathology. Our findings suggest that HBO treatment improves the cumulative tissue damage in juvenile brain following rmTBI. Such therapy regimens could be considered in adolescent athletes at the risk of repeated concussions exposures.
Exploring the Design Space for Optimizations with Apache Aurora and Mesos

Cloud infrastructures increasingly include a heterogeneous mix of components in terms of performance, power, and energy usage. As the size of cloud infrastructures grows, power consumption becomes a significant constraint. We use Apache Mesos and Apache Aurora, which provide massive scalability to web-scale applications, to demonstrate how a policy driven approach involving bin-packing workloads according to their power profiles, instead of the default allocation by Mesos and Aurora, can effectively reduce the peak-power and energy usage as well as the node utilization, when workloads are co-scheduled. Our experimental results show reductions of 11% in peak power, 86% for total energy usage, and an increase in utilization of 148% for memory and 8% CPU for the different policies.
Using local knowledge to project sea level rise impacts on wave resources in California

Abstract Sea level rise will have significant impacts on many coastal resources. Waves are an important resource in California, where they support the recreation of 1.1 million surfers who inject millions of dollars into local economies. The impacts of sea level rise on wave resource quality, however, are unknown. By examining the local knowledge of more than one thousand California surfers collected through an online survey, this study extrapolates their evaluations to estimate the susceptibility of California surf-spots to sea level rise based on the principle of tidal extrapolation. Vulnerability classifications are derived from the relationship between wave quality, tide effects, and sea floor conditions. Applying these classifications to 105 surf-spots in California evaluated by multiple respondents, we project that as a result of sea level rise by 2100: 16% of surf-spots are Endangered due to drowning; 18% are Threatened, but could adapt if natural shoreline processes are not impeded; and 5% might improve as rising sea levels increase the likelihood they will experience optimal conditions. These projections are significant not only for the many surfers who depend on surf-spots, but also for the coastal communities who rely on the availability of high quality wave resources. Results from this study also have important implications for when and how managers might take surf-spot quality and vulnerability into consideration through coastal adaptation. Lastly, this study establishes a baseline of wave resource quality in California and suggests that this baseline will shift as wave quality changes over the coming century.
Which Post-Crisis Regulations are Constraining Banks' Market Making? Evidence from Strategic Accounting Classifications

Banks increased held-to-maturity (HTM) classifications over 500% between 2010 and 2016 to protect capital ratios from Basel III's expanded marking to market of fixed income portfolios. Accounting rules prohibit the sale of HTM securities, imbedding a tradeoff between regulatory capital stability and active portfolio management into every classification decision. I document a crowding out of dealer inventories as banks withdraw capital from market making subsidiaries to fund growing HTM portfolios. Ultimately, market liquidity worsens for securities most frequently classified as HTM. Alternative regulations are ruled out through analyses of treated and control banks, dealers, asset classes and mortgage-backed securities.
Using Situation Awareness as a Measure of Driver Hazard Perception Ability

The present study investigated the effectiveness of a tablet-based hazard anticipation training program on teenage drivers. Verbal and eye tracking protocols were mapped to Endsley’s three level model of situation awareness (SA) as a means of measuring schema development. Participants were trained with a tablet based training program containing hazard identification scenarios. After six months they were asked to drive a simulator and on-road drive with various hazard scenarios. Results showed a significant difference between trained teen drivers and placebo teen drivers, both in eye tracking and verbal protocol. Verbal protocol and eye tracking protocol of trained teen drivers showed higher order of situation awareness in either of Endsley’s model levels. This means trained group were more capable of identifying and mitigating the hazards and verbalizing the future states of the environment. In conclusion, the tablet based hazard identification and anticipation training program could be an effective post-licensure training program to give better insight of “what is going on” in driving environment.
QA diagnostics with visual recognition tracking for accurate trending of Alzheimer's disease

Studies on visual attention of patients with Alzheimer's disease and dementia are a promising way for keeping track of an individual patients image recognition ability over time. This research seeks to expand upon the current applications of combining the Android operating system with TensorFlow by providing QA diagnostics alongside a visual question answering (VQA) platform for image analysis. This framework, Cognitive Visual Recognition Tracker (CVRT), provides an entry point by which the user can ask symptom-related inquiries or visual questions concerning any image of their choosing, and then receive cumulative metrics over time to better assess any diminishing cognitive ability (i.e. Alzheimer's patients). In this work, recurrent neural networks alongside semantic analysis and knowledge graphs are leveraged to provide an interactive VQA experience. One of the main objectives of CVRT is for physicians to be able to determine trends from patient data that could either be applicable to the individual patient, or to many patients if an aggregate is formed from many individual datasets. On an individual level, these metrics would provide a way for the physician to monitor daily cognitive capability, whereas on a grander scale, these joint datasets could be used to provide better overall treatment for the disease with the future inclusion of Predictive Analytics. The final contribution is an interactive metrics platform by which other users can assess the primary users cognitive capacity based on features of their questioning, and to then provide them with accurate trending or possible remediation plans based on their condition.
Photoacoustic tomography: Deep functional imaging at high spatiotemporal resolution (Conference Presentation)

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT), combining optical and ultrasonic waves via the photoacoustic effect, provides in vivo functional, metabolic, molecular, and histologic imaging. PAT has the unique strength of high-resolution imaging across the length scales of organelles, cells, tissues, and organs with consistent contrast. PAT has the potential to empower multiscale biology research and accelerate translation from microscopic laboratory discoveries to macroscopic clinical practice. PAT can image the entire brain of a rat or mouse with optical contrast in vivo. Broad applications include imaging of the breast, brain, skin, esophagus, colon, vascular system, and lymphatic system in both humans and animals.
Whole Grains in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity

The benefits of consuming whole grains over refined grains continue to be emphasized in the United States and internationally. The rationale behind promoting whole-grain consumption includes the greater nutrient density of whole grains relative to refined grains and associations between higher whole-grain consumption and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Multiple bioactive components within whole grains, as well as the structural properties of less-processed whole grains, have been shown to favorably modulate appetite, glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and, more recently, composition of the gut microbiota. As such, these attributes of whole grains may act synergistically to prevent body fat accumulation. There is consistent epidemiological evidence for inverse associations between whole-grain intake and adiposity; however, findings from controlled clinical trials are inconclusive. This chapter explores the current evidence for a role of whole grains in preventing and treating abdominal adiposity.
“Please Ask Me How I Am”: Experiences of Family Homelessness in the Context of Single Mothers’ Lives

An increasing number of studies in recent years have examined the issue of family homelessness. The majority of this research has taken a quantitative approach, focusing primarily upon the demographics and characteristics of homeless mothers and children and the conditions of shelter facilities. The goal of this study was to examine the experience of family homelessness from an alternative perspective through interviews with formerly homeless mothers about their lives before and after leaving the shelter system. In-depth interviews with 24 formerly homeless single mothers in New York City were conducted and subsequently analyzed employing a qualitative-narrative approach. Major themes that emerged from the women's life stories are elucidated: poverty, neglect, abuse, troubled interpersonal relationships, and mental health concerns. Surprisingly, a majority of women spoke of their experience in the shelter system in positive terms. This and other findings are discussed in the context of the women's life experiences and support services provided by the New York City shelter system. Social policy issues and recommendations for future research and program development are presented.
Radiation of Echinodermata

Echinoderms underwent an initial radiation into marine shelf environments in the Early to Middle Cambrian. Within about 45 million years, nine new classes of echinoderms (as recognized in an evolutionary classification) appeared suddenly in the fossil record, many of these without obvious ancestors. This radiation then tapered off during the Late Cambrian, and no additional classes of echinoderms appeared in the record until the Early Ordovician, about 20 million years later, when a secondary radiation of echinoderms began.
Hydride and Related Reductions

This chapter presents some procedures of hydride related reductions. The procedures given in the chapter entail some of the general features of hydride reductions as well as some of the stereospecific modifications. The availability of a wide range of complex hydride reducing agents has greatly simplified the problem of selective reduction of functional groups. Virtually any polar functional group can be reduced by appropriate selection of a hydride source. Another important feature of hydride reductions is the extent to which the geometry of the product can be controlled. By appropriate choice of conditions, pure axial or equatorial isomers of cyclohexyl derivatives can be prepared. The most versatile of the complex hydrides is lithium aluminum hydride. It is sufficiently reactive to reduce carboxylate ions directly to primary alcohols and is of course useful for the reduction of less sluggish substrates. It reacts rapidly with moisture or protic solvents, resulting in the liberation of hydrogen. Direct contact with liquid water may cause ignition. The lithium aluminum hydride–aluminum chloride reduction of ketones is closely related mechanistically to the Meerwein–Ponndorf-Verley reduction method. In that method, the initially formed alkoxide complex is allowed to equilibrate between isomers in the presence of a catalytic amount of ketone via an intermolecular hydride ion transfer.
Mental Health Analysis Via Social Media Data

With ubiquity of social media platforms, millions of people are routinely sharing their moods, feelings and even their daily struggles with mental health issues by expressing it verbally or indirectly through images they post. In this study, we aim to examine exploitation of big multi-modal social media data for studying depressive behavior and its population trend across the U.S. to better understand a regions influence on the prevailing environment and available care. In partic-ular, employing statistical techniques along with the fusion of heterogeneous features gleaned from different modalities (shared images and textual content), we build models to detect depressed individuals and their demographics.
A Problem for Christian Materialism

This piece raises a new challenge for Christian materialist accounts of human persons. Revisiting one of the perennial challenges for Christian materialism, explaining the metaphysical compatibility of resurrection and the life everlasting with materialist metaphysics, I argue that resuscitation phenomena reported in scripture undermine van Inwagen’s and Zimmerman’s attempts to reconcile resurrection and materialism. Although this challenge to Christian materialism is not insurmountable, it provides good reason to reject several of the most serious Christian materialist projects and offers a reason for Christians to consider alternatives to materialism.
Cuban Baseball Players, the Unlucky Ones: United States-Cuban Professional Baseball Relations Should be an Integral Part of the United States-Cuba Relationship

Stemming from Fidel Castro’s elimination of professional baseball in Cuba and the United States trade embargo4 against Cuba, current Cuban baseball players wanting to pursue a professional baseball career are left with no choice but to defect from their home, with a slim chance of ever returning. Fidel Castro prides himself on the international successes of Equipo Cuba,5 the Cuban National baseball team. Equipo Cuba dominated the international baseball world from
Social media and regime support in Russia: does it matter which website is used?

ABSTRACTSince 2000, Vladimir Putin has used various means to consolidate a non-democratic regime in Russia. While regime support comes from many factors, the literature lacks consensus on whether s...
Assessment of Subspecialty Choices of Men and Women in Internal Medicine From 1991 to 2016

This case series examines the percentage of women residencies and fellowships in 9 internal medicine medical subspecialties from 1991 to 2016.
Association between Opioid Dose, Acute Post-operative Pain and Walking Distance Following Lumbar Spine Surgery.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE The opioid doses on post-operative day 1 (POD1) is a major predictor of recovery in patients following lumbar spine surgery (LSS). However, the opioid doses vary widely in clinical practice. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the associations between opioid doses on POD1, pain and function during a hospital stay in patients following LSS. METHODS This study used medical records of patients who underwent LSS between January 2007 and March 2018. The patients were divided into three groups (high, medium and low dose) according to the amount of opioid (oral morphine equivalents; OME) taken on POD1. A propensity score matching across the three groups was performed to account for main confounding factors related to the opioid dose, pain intensity and gait distance, which identified 114 matched patients in each group. The difference of pain intensity and gait distance between the groups on POD1 was analysed. RESULTS The OME in each group on POD1 was 168.75 ± 69.50 mg (high), 65.92 ± 13.28 mg (medium) and 16.90 ± 9.80 mg (low) (P .05). Gait distance on POD2 and POD3 was different between the groups but did not reach the adjusted statistically significant level of 0.017: high (170.3 ± 152.77 feet) versus medium (247.57 ± 216.65 feet) dose on POD2 (P = .04); high (179.31 ± 135.722 feet) versus low (230.94 ± 145.74 feet) dose on POD3 (P = .03); and medium (196.98 ± 159.42 feet) versus low (261.00 ± 161.03 feet) dose on POD3 (P = .09). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The findings indicated that high dose opioids on POD1 did not translate into better outcomes of pain and gait in patients following LSS. In fact, patients in medium and low dose groups walked a greater distance on POD2 and POD3. Use of a functional outcome such as gait should be considered to optimize opioid dose effects.
How I treat anemia in heart failure

Anemia is a very common comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF), affecting ∼30% of stable ambulatory patients and 50% patients with acute decompensated HF. Absolute or functional iron deficiency (ID) is seen in ∼50% patients with HF. Both of these comorbidities often coexist and are independently associated with increased mortality and hospitalizations. These findings led several investigators to test the hypotheses that treatment of anemia and ID in HF would improve symptoms and long-term outcomes. Small studies showed that erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) improve subjective measures of HF. However, a large pivotal outcome trial found that the ESA darbepoetin alfa did not improve long-term outcomes in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction and instead was associated with adverse effects. Studies using IV iron have had somewhat greater success, showing improvements in subjective and some objective measures of HF. However, more research is needed to establish the best treatment options for these high-risk patients. We present 5 common scenarios of patients with HF and anemia and describe our personal approach on how we might treat them based on objective evidence where available. An algorithm that offers guidance in regard to personalized therapy for such patients is also presented.
All disease begins in the (leaky) gut: role of zonulin-mediated gut permeability in the pathogenesis of some chronic inflammatory diseases.

Improved hygiene leading to reduced exposure to microorganisms has been implicated as one possible cause for the recent “epidemic” of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) in industrialized countries. That is the essence of the hygiene hypothesis that argues that rising incidence of CIDs may be, at least in part, the result of lifestyle and environmental changes that have made us too “clean” for our own good, so causing changes in our microbiota. Apart from genetic makeup and exposure to environmental triggers, inappropriate increase in intestinal permeability (which may be influenced by the composition of the gut microbiota), a “hyper-belligerent” immune system responsible for the tolerance–immune response balance, and the composition of gut microbiome and its epigenetic influence on the host genomic expression have been identified as three additional elements in causing CIDs. During the past decade, a growing number of publications have focused on human genetics, the gut microbiome, and proteomics, suggesting that loss of mucosal barrier function, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, may substantially affect antigen trafficking, ultimately influencing the close bidirectional interaction between gut microbiome and our immune system. This cross-talk is highly influential in shaping the host gut immune system function and ultimately shifting genetic predisposition to clinical outcome. This observation led to a re-visitation of the possible causes of CIDs epidemics, suggesting a key pathogenic role of gut permeability. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that the zonulin family, a group of proteins modulating gut permeability, is implicated in a variety of CIDs, including autoimmune, infective, metabolic, and tumoral diseases. These data offer novel therapeutic targets for a variety of CIDs in which the zonulin pathway is implicated in their pathogenesis.
Self-Attention Gazetteer Embeddings for Named-Entity Recognition

Recent attempts to ingest external knowledge into neural models for named-entity recognition (NER) have exhibited mixed results. In this work, we present GazSelfAttn, a novel gazetteer embedding approach that uses self-attention and match span encoding to build enhanced gazetteer embeddings. In addition, we demonstrate how to build gazetteer resources from the open source Wikidata knowledge base. Evaluations on CoNLL-03 and Ontonotes 5 datasets, show F1 improvements over baseline model from 92.34 to 92.86 and 89.11 to 89.32 respectively, achieving performance comparable to large state-of-the-art models.
A systematic review of executive cognitive function in intimate partner violent offenders

Abstract Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health problem that plagues millions of people worldwide. Treatment programs for perpetrators of IPV have had limited success, suggesting a need to better understand factors related to perpetration of IPV to develop more effective treatment. Biological and neuropsychological correlates have gained recent attention in explaining IPV perpetration, however, few studies have specifically focused on executive cognitive functioning (ECF). Due to the vast amount of existing evidence linking deficits in ECF to general aggression and violence, it follows that ECF impairment may also be associated specifically with IPV perpetration. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between impairments in ECF and IPV. Overall, mixed results were found in examining the specific pattern of ECF impairment in perpetrators of IPV. However, poorer performance on tests of cognitive flexibility in comparison to controls was a consistent finding for perpetrators of IPV. Limitations of the existing research, suggestions for future research, and implications for clinical practice are also discussed. Continued evaluation of the relationship between ECF and IPV may advance understanding of the underpinnings of IPV, and may aid in the prediction, prevention, and treatment of IPV in the future.
People, Fire, and Pine: Linking Human Agency and Landscape in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness and Beyond

The creation and modification of landscape patterns through interactions among people and the environment is a defining focus in the discipline of geography. Here, we contribute to that tradition b...
Abstract 2102: Interpretable machine learning for perturbation biology

Systematic perturbation of cells followed by comprehensive measurements of molecular and phenotypic responses provides an informative data resource for constructing computational models of cell biology. Models that generalize well beyond training data can be used to identify combinatorial perturbations of potential therapeutic interest. Major challenges for machine learning on large biological datasets are to find global optima in an enormously complex multi-dimensional solution space and to mechanistically interpret the solutions. To address these challenges, we introduce a hybrid approach that combines explicit mathematical models of dynamic cell biological processes with a machine learning framework, implemented in Tensorflow. We tested the modeling framework on a perturbation-response dataset for a melanoma cell line after drug treatments. The models can be efficiently trained to accurately describe cellular behavior, as tested by cross-validation. Even though completely data-driven and independent of prior knowledge, the resulting de novo network models recapitulate known interactions. The main predictive application of our work is the identification of combinatorial candidates for cancer therapy. This approach is readily applicable to a wide range of kinetic models of cell biology. Citation Format: Judy Shen, Bo Yuan, Augustin Luna, Anil Korkut, Debora Marks, John Ingraham, Chris Sander. Interpretable machine learning for perturbation biology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2102.
First IACFS/ME virtual research conference: a review and reflection

Given the cancelation of the 2020 in-person IACFS/ME conference due to COVID restrictions, the Board decided to plan an alternative, if shortened, virtual meeting to gauge interest from the ME/CFS ...
Multi-System Urban Waste-Energy Self-Circulation: Design of Urban Self-Circulation System Based on Emergy Analysis.

The current worldwide state of energy scarcity and low waste utilization has led to a decrease in the supply of ecological services, something that seriously affects the development of cities. In this study, we propose an urban self-circulation design based on multiple systems within the traditional biogas, wetland, rainwater, solar power, and urban farm systems framework to achieve effective improvements in urban waste utilization and the optimization of the urban waste–energy flow cycle. Emergy conversion is used to evaluate system optimization, and the simulation results show that the novel proposed system can effectively improve urban waste utilization with an energy output rate of 3.18 × 10, an environmental load of 4.27 × 10−2, and a sustainability index of 7.45 × 102 in the core system; additionally, it can improve resource utilization of small-scale cities with an energy output rate of 1.85 × 100, an environmental load of 1.20 × 100, and a sustainability index of 1.54 × 100 in the total system. The inter-system energy flow model can significantly optimize urban energy systems based on ecological models with low-emergy resource input, including biogas systems and urban farm systems. This model can reduce the environmental load and effectively compensate for the reduced supply capacity of ecosystem services caused by urbanization, making it suitable for extension to other small-scale built environments that are relatively independent and rich in natural resources.
Do fair value adjustments excluded from net income convey new information that is complementary to GAAP earnings

We exploit banks’ recently mandated quarterly fair value disclosures to perform the first short-window event study of fair value adjustments excluded from net income. We find these fair value adjustments are positively associated with short-window stock returns and accentuate investors’ response to GAAP earnings, suggesting that these adjustments are complementary to GAAP earnings. These results concentrate in the period surrounding the financial crisis and in banks’ loan portfolios, where fair values depend on credit quality information not fully available in the public domain. Our results suggest that (i) fair value adjustments that rely on unobservable inputs reflect new information at their disclosure date that investors incorporate into price, (ii) these adjustments help investors interpret GAAP earnings, and (iii) these effects are limited to periods where fair values diverge significantly from book value. Overall, our study suggests that investors benefit from having both GAAP earnings and fair value information.
Scheduling, Routing, and Flow Control in Stochastic Networks

Queueing models are frequently helpful in the analysis and control of communication, manufacturing, and transportation systems. The theory of Markov decision processes and the inductive techniques of dynamic programming have been used to develop normative models for optimal control of admission, servicing, routing, and scheduling of jobs in queues and networks of queues. We review some of these models, beginning with single-facility models and then progressing to models for networks of queues. We emphasize the use of induction on a sequence of successive approximations of the optimal value function (value iteration) to establish the form of optimal control policies.
Orbit selection for space based interception of a select ICBM case

In this paper, the orbit selection and configuration of the space-based exo-atmospheric kill vehicle (EKV) launch platforms are determined for three example launch sites. These include North Korea, China and Iran. The trajectories of the intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) are derived and the resulting trajectory parameters are used to determine the orbit necessary for a successful intercept. The parameters calculated include the inclination angle i, right ascension of the ascending node Q and the altitude r/sub a/ of the orbit. The calculations are based on the ICBM locations, capability of the space launch vehicle and the capabilities of the EKV. We show that for the launch locations given, a successful intercept requires 40 launch platforms in a circular orbit with altitude r/sub a/ = 1000 km, inclination angle i = 43.5 degrees and a right ascension angle of /spl Omega/ = 15.3 degrees.
Cross-Feeding of Lactate Between Streptococcus lactis and Bacteroides sp. Isolated from Termite Hindguts

Abstract Streptococcus lactis and Bacteroides sp., isolated from hindguts of Reticulitermes flavipes termites, were grown anaerobically in monoculture and coculture. When grown in a glucose medium, S. lactis monoculture produced lactate as the major fermentation product, with small amounts of formate, acetate, ethanol, and CO2. In coculture, glucose was completely consumed during growth of S. lactis. Lactate, produced by S. lactis, then supported much of the growth of Bacteroides and was fermented to propionate, acetate, and CO2. Small amounts of succinate were formed during growth of Bacteroides in the coculture, but little change in the formate or ethanol concentration was observed. Monoculture growth of Bacteroides in a tryptone-yeast extract medium revealed that incorporation of 20 to 40 mM lactate increased cell yields and production of organic acids. However, initial lactate concentrations greater than 40 mM suppressed not only growth of Bacteroides but also acidic product formation. Results suggest that cross-feeding of lactate between streptococci and bacteroides constitutes one aspect of the overall hindgut fermentation in termites.
Regulation of glutamine synthetase II activity in Rhizobium meliloti 104A14.

Most rhizobia contain two glutamine synthetase (GS) enzymes: GSI, encoded by glnA, and GSII, encoded by glnII. We have found that WSU414, a Rhizobium meliloti 104A14 glutamine auxotroph derived from a glnA parental strain, is an ntrA mutant. The R. meliloti glnII promoter region contains DNA sequences similar to those found in front of other genes that require ntrA for their transcription. No GSII was found in the glnA ntrA mutant, and when a translational fusion of glnII to the Escherichia coli lacZ gene was introduced into WSU414, no beta-galactosidase was expressed. These results indicate that ntrA is required for glnII expression. The ntrA mutation did not prevent the expression of GSI. In free-living culture, the level of GSII and of the glnII-lacZ fusion protein was regulated by altering transcription in response to available nitrogen. No GSII protein was detected in alfalfa, pea, or soybean nodules when anti-GSII-specific antiserum was used. Images
VIGILANCE AND THE PERCEPTIONS OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS

-Data were obtained on a measure of cognitive differentiation from a group of 70 teachers and a group of 66 non-teachers. Teachers were more differentiating in their perceptions of their disliked students and non-teachers were more differentiating in their perceprions of their disliked instructors. As predicted in neither sample were disliked persons significantly more differentiated by females than males. Male non-teachers were more differentiating of both liked and disliked instructors while no such sex difference was found for the teacher group. It was suggested that sex differences occurred when superior persons were being rated. Males are probably more threatened by authority figures (instructors) than are females. Consequently males would be more attentive to the personal characteristics of their instructors. These findings were discussed in relation to the "vigilance" hypothesis suggested by Miller and Bieri (1965) and Irwin, et al. (1967) .
Effects of planetary thermal structure on the ascent and cooling of magma on Venus

Magellan radar images of the surface of Venus show a spatially broad distribution of volcanic features. Models of magmatic ascent processes to planetary surfaces indicate that the thermal structure of the interior significantly influences the rate of magmatic cooling and thus the amount of magma that can be transported to the surface before solidification. In order to understand which aspects of planetary thermal structure have the greatest influence on the cooling of buoyantly ascending magma, we have constructed magma cooling profiles for a plutonic ascent mechanism, and evaluated the profiles for variations in the surface and mantle temperature, surface temperature gradient, and thermal gradient curvature. Results show that, for a wide variety of thermal conditions, smaller and slower magma bodies are capable of reaching the surface on Venus compared to Earth, primarily due to the higher surface temperature of Venus. Little to no effect on the cooling and transport of magma are found to result from elevated mantle temperatures, elevation-dependent surface temperature variations, or details of the thermal gradient curvature. The enhanced tendency of magma to reach the surface on Venus may provide at least a partial explanation for the extensive spatial distribution of observed volcanism on the surface.
Filmed Entertainment and Local Economic Development: Texas as a Case Study

Filmed entertainment, which includes theater box office, home video, and made-for-television movies, is a large and rapidly growing industry, with sales projected to reach $67 billion by 2002. Stro...
Sesquiterpenoids from Pilgerodendron uvífera

Abstract A new sesquiterpenoid, 15-copaenol, and the known compounds (−)-trans-calamenene, (+)-δ-cadinene, (−)-caryophyllene-4,5-epoxide, (−)-humulene-1,2-epoxide, (−)-cubenol, (−)-epicubenol and (−)-torreyol has been isolated from the heartwood of Pilgerodendron uvifera. The structures of the new and the known compounds were established by spectroscopic methods.
Cys Palmitoylation of the β Subunit Modulates Gating of the Epithelial Sodium Channel

The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) is comprised of three homologous subunits (α, β, and γ) that have a similar topology with two transmembrane domains, a large extracellular region, and cytoplasmic N and C termini. Although ENaC activity is regulated by a number of factors, palmitoylation of its cytoplasmic Cys residues has not been previously described. Fatty acid-exchange chemistry was used to determine whether channel subunits were Cys-palmitoylated. We observed that only the β and γ subunits were modified by Cys palmitoylation. Analyses of ENaCs with mutant β subunits revealed that Cys-43 and Cys-557 were palmitoylated. Xenopus oocytes expressing ENaC with a β C43A,C557A mutant had significantly reduced amiloride-sensitive whole cell currents, enhanced Na+ self-inhibition, and reduced single channel Po when compared with wild-type ENaC, while membrane trafficking and levels of surface expression were unchanged. Computer modeling of cytoplasmic domains indicated that β Cys-43 is in proximity to the first transmembrane α helix, whereas β Cys-557 is within an amphipathic α-helix contiguous with the second transmembrane domain. We propose that β subunit palmitoylation modulates channel gating by facilitating interactions between cytoplasmic domains and the plasma membrane.