cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Naloxone for Opioid Overdose Prevention Pharmacists’ Role in Community-Based Practice Settings

Background: Deaths related to opioid overdose have increased in the past decade. Community-based pharmacy practitioners have worked toward overcoming logistic and cultural barriers to make naloxone distribution for overdose prevention a standard and accepted practice. Objective: To describe outpatient naloxone dispensing practices, including methods by which practitioners implement dispensing programs, prescribing patterns that include targeted patient populations, barriers to successful implementation, and methods for patient education. Methods: Interviews were conducted with providers to obtain insight into the practice of dispensing naloxone. Practitioners were based in community pharmacies or clinics in large metropolitan cities across the country. Results: It was found that 33% of participating pharmacists practice in a community-pharmacy setting, and 67% practice within an outpatient clinic-based location. Dispensing naloxone begins by identifying patient groups that would benefit from access to the...
Analysis of accumulated timing jitter in the time domain

This paper deals with the effects of accumulated timing-jitter on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of real sine waves. Such a problem was recently investigated by the author, using the discrete-Fourier method. However, the frequency-domain analysis has some limitations due to the fact that some of the accumulated timing-jitter noise power, found at the fundamental frequency component, would be added to the power of the input signal itself. Thus, in this paper, the analysis is performed in the time-domain and is restricted to the SNR measurement. An expression for the SNR in terms of timing-jitter distribution parameters, and the number of samples of the input signal, is developed. Computer simulations are presented, which showed excellent agreement with the developed expression. Also, a comparison between the results obtained from the time-domain analysis and the frequency-domain, is presented.
Hindsight, Insight, and Foresight

After a rather extensive exploratory survey of global agriculture (past, present, and future), it is time to integrate the main themes. A major theoretical theme has been that it is only through new modes of analysis that take full account of context that the dynamic reality of interacting physical, biological, and social systems can be approached. The basic elements involved in such contextual analysis include a conscious sensitivity to the importance of variation over space and time and the resulting distribution patterns of a wide range of things (soil types, vegetation, rainfall, infrastructures, institutions, land ownership, wealth, etc.). The neutrality of a number of concepts and practices has been questioned both analytically and through examples. Thereby, the Western origins, character, and impact of a number of concepts and technologies have been shown. Analytically, the simultaneous use of three time-frames (evolutionary, developmental, and policy) helped to illustrate various ways in which our understandings of agriculture have been distorted by stereotypes, selective perception, and universal assumptions. How pervasive these are was shown by reviewing various specialized disciplines (themselves a product of modern Western views) and their distortions, lacunae, and value predilections. Only by understanding the general cultural context of modern Western science as well as the historical biases of each major discipline can there be any hope of gradually building a synthesis of the biological and social sciences.
More data needed on hysteroscopic compared with laparoscopic sterilisation

Commentary on: Mao J, Pfeifer S, Schlegel P, et al. Safety and efficacy of hysteroscopic sterilization compared with laparoscopic sterilization: an observational cohort study. BMJ 2015;351:h5162. Safety and effectiveness of hysteroscopic sterilisation (Essure System) is an important and timely topic. Recent concerns, including 5093 adverse event reports related to Essure made to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database prompted the FDA to reconvene its Obstetrics and Gynecology Devices Panel in September 2015 to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and need for further postmarketing studies on Essure.1 Benefits of hysteroscopic sterilisation include no skin incision, probable avoidance of abdominal entry and general anaesthesia, and ability to perform the procedure in an office. Mao et al 's2 observational cohort study uses an administrative database to compare selected outcomes after hysteroscopic and laparoscopic sterilisation and adds important data to this …
Eradication of c-erbB-2-Positive Ovarian Cancer Cells Mediated by Intracellular Expression of Anti-c-erbB-2 Antibody

Overexpression of erbB-2 is important in the pathogenesis of a variety of human neoplasms. Overexpression of the erbB-2 gene product has been associated with poor clinical prognosis with respect to malignancies originating in the ovary, breast, gastrointestinal tract, salivary gland, and lung (1-4) and has led to the development of several therapeutic strategies to target tumor cells exhibiting increased surface levels of erbB-2. Monoclonal antibodies that exhibit high-affinity binding to the extracellular domains of the erbB-2 protein have been developed (5,6). Several studies have demonstrated that a subset of these antibodies can elicit growth inhibition of erbB-2 overexpressing cells both in vitro and in vivo (5,6). Antitumor therapies directed at erbB-2 have also been developed utilizing targeted immunotoxins (7). Gene-therapy strategies such as antisense technology has been widely used in these areas of research to achieve selected knockout of genes both at transcriptional or posttranscriptional levels (8-10). Recombinant fusion proteins consisting of various bacterial toxins selectively targeted to the tumor by virtue of single-chain anti-erbB-2 antibody (sFv) moieties has also been utilized in this context (7).
Process Controls for Surface Integrity Generated by Hard Turning

Abstract An investigation was conducted on the evolution of the residual stresses and re-hardened white layer during finish hard turning. The residual stress pattern is dominated by changes in cutting forces resulting from tool wear. Increased flank wear accelerated normal sliding force generating tensile residual stress at the surface and reducing the magnitude of compressive stress below the surface. However, very high flank wear yielded maximum below-surface compressive residual stress. Increased tool wear beyond a critical value led to discontinuity in the relationship between normal and tangential forces. This paper proposes a new tool-life criterion for controlling surface integrity in finish hard turning.
Measurements of the impact of atmospheric aging on physical and optical properties of ambient black carbon particles in Los Angeles

Abstract Understanding how physical and optical properties of atmospheric black carbon (BC) particles vary in time and space is critical for reducing uncertainty in climate forcing estimates from ambient BC. In this study, ambient BC was measured in Rubidoux, California, approximately 90 km (55 miles) downwind of downtown Los Angeles. Collocated NO x and NO y measurements were used to estimate the photochemical age of the sampled air. Sampling was conducted throughout entire days between February 3, 2015 and March 12, 2015 to capture diurnal and daily variations in ambient BC. Both ambient and thermally-denuded air was sampled in 15-min cycles to compare the physical and optical properties of coated versus uncoated BC particles. Physical properties of individual BC particles including mass and coating thickness were measured using a Single-Particle Soot Photometer (SP2), and BC optical properties were measured using a Photoacoustic Extinctiometer (PAX) at 870 nm. The mean BC mass concentration (±standard deviation) for the campaign was 0.12 ± 0.08 μg m −3 . BC mass concentrations were higher on weekdays than weekends, though only differences between 11:00 and 17:00 h were statistically distinguishable. The fraction of total BC particles that were thickly-coated ( f ) was found to be relatively low, with a mean of 0.05 ± 0.02 over the campaign. Values for f peaked in the afternoon when photochemical pollutant concentrations are also generally at a maximum. Further, f at 15:00–16:00 h was found to be statistically higher on weekends than weekdays, potentially due to a higher relative amount of ambient SOA to BC on weekends versus weekdays, which would enhance SOA coating of primary BC particles as they age during transport from the western Los Angeles basin to our sampling site on weekends. Differences at other hours during the photochemically active period of the day (10:00–14:00 h) were not statistically different although the weekend values were systematically higher. Comparing f with the photochemical age ( PCA ) of sampled air showed increases in f as PCA increases; the mean value (±95% confidence interval) of f for PCA PCA > 3 h was 0.12 ± 0.04. This suggests that even in winter, photochemistry in urban environments can lead to increased thickly coated BC particles. The mean (±95% confidence interval) enhancement in mass absorption cross-section ( MAC ) due to coatings on BC for our wintertime measurements in urban Los Angeles was found to be 1.03 ± 0.05. Comparisons to other studies that measure enhancement of MAC are presented.
Sliding mode control for discrete-time descriptor Markovian jump systems with two Markov chains

This paper investigates sliding mode control problems for discrete-time descriptor Markovian jump systems which are supposed to contain two mutually independent homogeneous Markov chains. Firstly, the stochastic admissibility of the system with two Markov chains is analyzed and several necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained. A mode-independent sliding surface is then constructed, the stability of sliding mode dynamics is analyzed and the sliding mode controller is synthesized to ensure the finite-time reachability of the predefined sliding surface. Since the sliding surface is mode-independent, the effects of the switchings between two sequential subsystems on the convergence of the sliding surface are avoided. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed theoretical results.
Actual 10-Year Survivors After Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background Resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) offers a chance of cure, but recurrence is common and survival is often limited. The clinical and pathological characteristics of long-term survivors have not been well studied.
Frequency-dependent, transient effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on methamphetamine-induced circling and neuronal activity in the hemiparkinsonian rat

Methamphetamine-induced circling is used to quantify the behavioral effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in hemiparkinsonian rats. We observed a frequency-dependent transient effect of DBS on circling, and quantified this effect to determine its neuronal basis. High frequency STN DBS (75-260Hz) resulted in transient circling contralateral to the lesion at the onset of stimulation, which was not sustained after the first several seconds of stimulation. Following the transient behavioral change, DBS resulted in a frequency-dependent steady-state reduction in pathological ipsilateral circling, but no change in overall movement. Recordings from single neurons in globus pallidus externa (GPe) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) revealed that high frequency, but not low frequency, STN DBS elicited transient changes in both firing rate and neuronal oscillatory power at the stimulation frequency in a subpopulation of GPe and SNr neurons. These transient changes were not sustained, and most neurons exhibited a different response during the steady-state phase of DBS. During the steady-state, DBS produced elevated neuronal oscillatory power at the stimulus frequency in a majority of GPe and SNr neurons, and the increase was more pronounced during high frequency DBS than during low frequency DBS. Changes in oscillatory power during both transient and steady-state DBS were highly correlated with changes in firing rates. These results suggest that distinct neural mechanisms were responsible for transient and sustained behavioral responses to STN DBS. The transient contralateral turning behavior following the onset of high frequency DBS was paralleled by transient changes in firing rate and oscillatory power in the GPe and SNr, while steady-state suppression of ipsilateral turning was paralleled by sustained increased synchronization of basal ganglia neurons to the stimulus pulses. Our analysis of distinct frequency-dependent transient and steady-state responses to DBS lays the foundation for future mechanistic studies of the immediate and persistent effects of DBS.
Transcriptional Regulation of Hepcidin by Iron.

Transcriptional regulation by iron in mammalian systems is poorly understood. Hepcidin, a 25 amino acid peptide that plays a central role in iron homeostasis, is transcriptionally regulated by iron. A region of the murine hepcidin promoter 1.6 to 1.8 kb upstream from the start of translation was recently identified to be important in transcriptional regulation by iron (Truksa J, et al. The distal location of the iron responsive region of the hepcidin promoter. Blood DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-05-091108, 2007). In order to identify transcription factors that might be important in regulation by iron, transcription factor microarray analyses (Panomics TranSignal Protein/DNA Array) were performed with nuclear extracts from livers of mice made iron deficient or iron loaded for 4 weeks. The analyses revealed 43 transcription factors that were upregulated in iron loaded liver nuclear extracts and 39 transcription factors that were upregulated in iron deficient nuclear extracts. In the region of the promoter we had found essential for transcriptional regulation by iron, −1.6 to −1.8 kb, consensus motifs were identified by Genomatix MatInspector for 10 transcription factors that corresponded to transcription factors upregulated in high iron nuclear extracts by array analyses. Similarly, the consensus sequences for 5 transcription factors corresponded to transcription factors identified in iron deficient nuclear extracts. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays were performed with probes across this region of the murine hepcidin promoter. Several probes exhibited differential binding between deficient and high iron nuclear extracts. These include the probe encompassing the CCAAT box and MEL1 motif, a probe containing a HLH motif, and a probe containing a bZIP and COUP motif. The probe containing the CCAAT motif was supershifted with antibodies against CBF, but was not supershifted with antibodies against SMAD4, CEBPα, and COUP. The probe containing a bZIP and COUP motif can be supershifted with antibodies against COUP-Tf and HNF4α, but not with antibodies against SMAD4, CEBPα, and COUP. Our data suggest that CBFA, COUP, and HNF4α are involved in transcriptional regulation of hepcidin by iron.
Characterization of Cryo-EM Motion Correction Algorithms for Movie-Mode Imaging

The recent emergence of routine near-atomic resolution structures in CryoEM can largely be attributed to the development of direct electron detectors as replacements for older fiber-optic coupled scintillator-CCD technology. In addition to dramatically improved modulation transfer characteristics, these new detectors are also capable of acquiring data at frame rates sufficiently high for individual electron event counting, which can then be averaged to produce movies at typically 10-40 frames/s.
Enhanced Alignment of Water-Soluble Polythiophene Using Cellulose Nanocrystals as a Liquid Crystal Template.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bioderived, rodlike particles that form a chiral nematic liquid crystal (LC) in water. In this work, CNCs were used to induce long-range order in a semiconducting polymer, poly[3-(potassium-4-butanoate) thiophene-2,5-diyl] (PPBT). When mixed with CNCs, it was found that PPBT was incorporated into the liquid crystal “template” to form ordered structures with highly birefringent domains, as observed under polarized light. We show that the π–π interactions between polymer chains, which contribute considerably to the energetics of the semiconducting system, are directly influenced by the presence and packing of the liquid crystal phase. Upon increasing the concentration of CNCs from the isotropic to chiral nematic regime, we observe a bathochromic shift in the UV–vis spectra and the emergence of the 0–0 vibrational peak, suggesting enhanced π–π stacking leading to chain coplanarization. Furthermore, the chiral nature of the PPBT/CNC mixture was evidenced by a negative peak in...
Sarcoma and High-Dose Rate Brachytherapy: Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignancies arising from the mesodermal mesenchyme. These tumors require aggressive adjuvant management, due to their high propensity for local recurrence despite appropriate surgical resection. Brachytherapy offers the ability to deliver highly conformal radiation therapy to the tumor bed while the tissues remain well oxygenated in the postoperative period. Depending upon the clinical scenario, brachytherapy can be used as monotherapy or in conjunction with external-beam radiation therapy, while both LDR and HDR techniques appear to provide similar outcomes. The use of spacing devices as well as modern wound closure techniques can further improve the timing and delivery of brachytherapy while improving functional/cosmetic outcomes. The usage of preoperative MRI is recommended to delineate appropriate anatomy to guide catheter placement. For treatment planning, MRI simulation is recommended for identification of anatomical boundaries and neurovascular structures, while CT simulation is useful for three-dimensional catheter reconstruction and identification of surgical clips. Therefore, these modalities are best used in conjunction to provide optimal volume-based brachytherapy treatment delivery.
Twenty-Seven Years of Success and Failure at Morehouse

I will always remember the first time I met Dr. Benjamin Mays. It was an experience that I will always remember. I had the pleasure of meeting him during a wedding reception several years after his retirement as Presi­dent of Morehouse College. Unfortunately, I matriculated at Morehouse College the year after Dr. Mays retired and did not have the opportunity of experiencing his mentoring firsthand. However, throughout my years at Morehouse, I developed a deep appreciation for Dr. Mays through his writ­ings and speeches. His works and ideology have had a profound impact upon my life.
Conformational Asymmetry and Quasicrystal Approximants in Linear Diblock Copolymers

Small angle x-ray scattering experiments on three model low molar mass diblock copolymer systems containing minority polylactide and majority hydrocarbon blocks demonstrate that conformational asymmetry stabilizes the Frank-Kasper $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ phase. Differences in block flexibility compete with space filling at constant density inducing the formation of polyhedral shaped particles that assemble into this low symmetry ordered state with local tetrahedral coordination. These results confirm predictions from self-consistent field theory that establish the origins of symmetry breaking in the ordering of block polymer melts subjected to compositional and conformational asymmetry.
Liver-directed therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Colorectal cancer is a significant global health issue with over 1 million cases diagnosed annually throughout the world. 15% of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer will have liver metastases and 60% will develop liver metastases if they have metastatic disease. Oligometastatic colorectal cancer confined to the liver represents an intermediate state in the evolution of metastatic capacity that opens the opportunity for local interventions.Areas covered: The literature supports long-term survival if patients undergo liver resection of colorectal metastases. This article reviews the liver-directed therapeutic strategies available for the management of metastatic liver disease including hepatic arterial infusion therapy, radiofrequency ablation, radiation therapy and transarterial chemoembolization.Expert commentary: Great advances have been made with the use of liver directed therapies. In the USA using hepatic arterial infusions with FUDR and Decadron along with systemic therapy...
A Pulsed-air Model of Blue Whale B Call Vocalizations

Blue whale sound production has been thought to occur by Helmholtz resonance via air flowing from the lungs into the upper respiratory spaces. This implies that the frequency of blue whale vocalizations might be directly proportional to the size of their sound-producing organs. Here we present a sound production mechanism where the fundamental and overtone frequencies of blue whale B calls can be well modeled using a series of short-duration (<1 s) wavelets. We propose that the likely source of these wavelets are pneumatic pulses caused by opening and closing of respiratory valves during air recirculation between the lungs and laryngeal sac. This vocal production model is similar to those proposed for humpback whales, where valve open/closure and vocal fold oscillation is passively driven by airflow between the lungs and upper respiratory spaces, and implies call frequencies could be actively changed by the animal to center fundamental tones at different frequency bands during the call series.
A three-year recidivism analysis of state correctional releases

AbstractThe present study undertakes a three-year follow-up time frame of approximately 10,000 inmates released from New Jersey prisons in 2012. Consistent with the methodology set forth in federal analyses, various definitions of recidivism were utilized. Recidivism rates were consistent, and in some counts below, federal findings as well. Rearrest post-release rates were 53%, reconviction rates were 40.1% and reincarceration rates were 31.3%. Offenders released to supervision had higher rates of reincarceration, while unsupervised offenders (i.e. max-outs) had higher rates of rearrest and reconviction. Males were more likely to be rearrested than females, while younger offenders were more likely to be rearrested than older offenders. Released inmates with prior arrests, convictions, and reincarcerations maintained substantially higher odds of rearrest, as did those with a higher number of prison discipline allegations. Released inmates with a violent admission offense were rearrested the least, while th...
Practical linear and quadratic gradient errors suppression techniques in string DACs

Gradient errors in device arrays cause mismatch between device parameters, which in turn degrade linearity performance of data converters realized with these arrays. A practical “outputs averaging” technique for string DACs is presented to release complex routing problems in gradient reduction patterns. An N-bit string is divided into multiple substrings and the substrings' outputs are averaged to reduce gradient errors induced nonlinearity. A novel layout methodology, called “periodic INL shift”, is further developed to suppress quadratic gradient errors. Based on these two techniques, a practical structure with linear gradient cancellation and quadratic gradient reduction is proposed. MATLAB simulations are performed in an 8-bit string DAC and significant improvements on linearity performance are obtained.
New King, New Character: Duterte’s China Strategy and Its Impact on Philippine Interests in the South China Sea

The election of populist President Rodrigo Duterte brought about a significant change in the South China Sea policy of the Philippines. Whereas the previous administration preferred to assert its sovereign rights to portions of the South China Sea through an arbitration action against China, the new president has sought reconciliation with China to address conflicting sovereignty claims. This article argues that although Duterte’s new strategy has secured some short-term gains, it has been largely ineffective in securing the long-term national interests of the Philippines in the South China Sea. Not only have the Chinese infrastructure loans that Duterte was promised in exchange for his policy shift failed to materialize, his deference to China’s interests threatens to jeopardize the fishing rights, natural resource rights, and national security interests of the Philippines. Philippine fishermen, a crucial sector of the economy, now have access to Scarborough Shoal, but without any formal agreement, Chinese naval vessels retain control over the area and can restrict access at their discretion. In addition, Philippine rights to exploitation of certain South China Sea oil and natural gas resources, which are critical to fueling the future Philippine economy, have been sacrificed in order to placate China’s preference for joint development. Finally, Duterte’s failure to push back against Chinese militarization of the South China Sea in the interest of reconciliation, has worsened the national security situation of the Philippines and weakened its ability to defend its interests in the area. President Duterte’s strategic gamble that deference to China will allow the Philippines access to the region’s resources while side-stepping the issue of sovereignty carries with it the risk of implicitly recognizing China’s claims and forfeiting legitimate Philippine claims to the region. If China does not pay a price for its assertive behavior in the South China Sea, it will continue to dictate the terms of engagement in the region to the detriment of smaller nations like the Philippines. *Previously titled - Trimming the Sails: Philippine Interests and Post-Arbitration Strategy in the South China Sea.
Airway Management and Mechanical Ventilation in the NCCCU

Neurologic disorders in general ICUs comprise the primary causative factor for intubation in 25% of all ventilated patients; in an NCCU this statistic is much higher (>80%) Neurologic disorders in general ICUs comprise the primary causative factor for intubation in 25% of all ventilated patients; in an NCCU this statistic is much higher (>80%)
Measuring Undergraduate Students' Engineering Self‐Efficacy: A Validation Study

Background Self-efficacy has been shown to be positively related to undergraduate engineering students' achievement. Designing self-efficacy measures to assess the multifaceted skills required of engineers could improve the predictive relationship between efficacy beliefs and performance. Purpose This study evaluates the factor structure, validity, and reliability of general and skill-specific engineering self-efficacy measures created for use with undergraduate engineering students. Design/Method Self-efficacy items used for the measures were created and adapted from those used previously. Survey responses were collected from engineering students attending two southeastern universities. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to determine factor structure. Multiple regression analyses examined the relationship between engineering self-efficacy and academic achievement and intent to persist in engineering, both uniquely and when considering other motivation variables. Results Factor analysis results suggested two self-efficacy scales. The General Engineering Self-Efficacy Scale is unidimensional; the Engineering Skills Self-Efficacy Scale is multidimensional with three factors representing experimental skills, tinkering skills, and design. General engineering self-efficacy predicted academic achievement, even when prior achievement was controlled. Students' intrinsic value in engineering predicted their intentions to persist in the engineering profession. Conclusions We found evidence for the reliability, validity, and predictive utility of the engineering self-efficacy scales. These scales can be used to assess undergraduate students' beliefs in their capabilities to perform tasks in their coursework and future roles as engineers and to investigate the association between self-efficacy and academic outcomes of interest.
Evidence for a Common Mucosal Immune System in Humans

Abstract IgA antibodies produced by plasma cells distributed in secretory tissues associated with mucosal surfaces represent a major host defence against environmental antigens. Animal studies have shown that precursors of these IgA cells originate in gut-associated lymphoreticular tissues which contain a high frequency of IgA-committed B cells. Antigen-sensitized cells migrate to the blood circulation and home to various mucosal sites. Evidence for the existence of such a common mucosal system in humans is supported by the following findings: a) secretions from glands not directly stimulated with microbial and food antigens contain natural antibodies; b) a secretory IgA response in such secretions can be artificially induced by the oral administration of killed or live microbial vaccines and food antigens; and c) human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with various mitogens produce predominantly polymeric IgA (principal form of IgA in external secretions) and dislay an equal distribution of IgA1 and IgA2 cells which is characteristic of external secretory tissues.
Crushing Strength of High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Fuel Particles

The whole-particle crushing strengths of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fertile and fissile coated particles were measured and correlated with fabrication procedures. The crushing strength of Biso-coated fertile particles was increased by the following factors: (1) Increasing the outer coating thickness by 10 ..mu..m increased strengths by 0.3 lb (1.3 N) for annealed particles and by 0.5 lb (2.2 N) for unannealed particles. (2) An 1800/sup 0/C postcoating anneal increased strengths by 1 lb (4.4 N) for particles with thick outer coatings and by 2 lb (8.9 N) for particles having thin coatings. (3) Increasing the inner coating density by 0.1 g/cm/sup 3/ increased strength by 0.6 lb (2.7 N). The crushing strength of Triso-coated fissile particles was proportional to the thickness of the SiC coatings, and strength decreased on annealing by approximately 0.2 lb (0.9 N) when a porous plate was used to distribute the coating gas and by approximately 1.5 lb (6.7 N) when a conical gas distributor was used. The strengths of fertile and fissile coated particles as well as uncoated kernels appear adequate to allow fuel fabrication without excessive particle damage.
Perceived Partner Commitment and Attachment Style

Commitment is an important correlate of many relationship variables, including length of the relationship (Hendrick, Hendrick, & Adler, 1988), likelihood of breakup (Lund, 1985), relationship satisfaction (Acker & Davis, 1992), and partner satisfaction (Hendrick et al., 1988). Accordingly, commitment is of interest to marital therapists both as a potential predictor of therapy outcome and as an outcome in its own right (Beach & Broderick, 1983). However, because differences in commitment reflect deeply rooted individual differences in beliefs about the importance of relationships, the trustworthiness and availability of others, and one’s own ability to maintain a relationship, many therapists and marital researchers views commitment as relatively refractory to therapeutic intervention. In the current chapter, we hope to develop a cognitive characterization of commitment that will generate less pessimistic predictions about the possibility of change in level of commitment and may point toward new possible technologies for producing change in level of felt commitment and in perceived partner commitment.
Online Learning Adaptive to Dynamic and Adversarial Environments

The present contribution deals with online learning of functions, where multi-kernel approaches, among other popular methods, have well-documented merits, but also face major challenges such as scalability and adaptivity. Leveraging the random feature approximation, an online multi-kernel learning scheme is developed to infer the intended nonlinear function. To account for dynamic and possibly adversarial environments, an adaptive and scalable multi-kernel learning scheme is also introduced at affordable complexity and memory requirements. Performance guarantees are provided in terms of dynamic regret analysis, while numerical tests on a Twitter dataset are carried out to showcase the effectiveness of our approach.
Illumina-based sequencing framework for accurate detection and mapping of influenza virus defective interfering particle-associated RNAs

The mechanisms and consequences of defective interfering particle (DIP) formation during influenza virus infection remain poorly understood. The development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has made it possible to identify large numbers of DIP-associated sequences, providing a powerful tool to better understand their biological relevance. However, NGS approaches pose numerous technical challenges including the precise identification and mapping of deletion junctions in the presence of frequent mutation and base-calling errors, and the potential for numerous experimental and computational artifacts. Here we detail an Illumina-based sequencing framework and bioinformatics pipeline capable of generating highly accurate and reproducible profiles of DIP-associated junction sequences. We use a combination of simulated and experimental control datasets to optimize pipeline performance and demonstrate the absence of significant artifacts. Finally, we use this optimized pipeline to generate a high-resolution profile of DIP-associated junctions produced during influenza virus infection and demonstrate how this data can provide insight into mechanisms of DIP formation. This work highlights the specific challenges associated with NGS-based detection of DIP-associated sequences, and details the computational and experimental controls required for such studies.
What’s Going on Out There? An exploration of K–12 PE Curricular Models and Content Taught in Public Schools

Little is known about which curricular models and activity units are being taught in public schools. This exploratory study examined the K–12 physical education (PE) content and curricular models being implemented. Supervisors of PE recruited from one northeastern state participated in a 25-item questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were calculated. Sixty-nine of 92 questionnaires were usable and included in the data analysis. Findings suggest that few districts were using a curricular model at the elementary (K–5) level (27%). Another common response of adopted curricular models at the elementary level was Movement Education (17.6%). At the secondary level, No Model (35%) and Fitness Education (25.6%) were common responses. Specific units such as volleyball, basketball, and weight training yielded the highest responses, while field hockey, golf, archery, lacrosse, and tennis yielded the fewest responses. The findings suggest that K–12 PE curricula may not reflect current trends and mandates. The key determinants could be a lack of curricular model use and heavy reliance upon activities known to present challenges toward standards-based education (i.e., softball). Perhaps K–12 PE and PE preparation programs can connect to effectively articulate a curriculum, and adopt and train on curricular approaches aiming to increase teacher effectiveness and reach national standards.Subscribe to TPE
Drug Calculation Errors in Anesthesiology Residents and Faculty: An Analysis of Contributing Factors.

BACKGROUND:Limited data exist regarding computational drug error rates in anesthesia residents and faculty. We investigated the frequency and magnitude of computational errors in a sample of anesthesia residents and faculty.METHODS:With institutional review board approval from 7 academic institution
Single-molecule localization microscopy and tracking with red-shifted states of conventional BODIPY conjugates in living cells.

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a rapidly evolving technique to resolve subcellular structures and single-molecule dynamics at the nanoscale. Here, we employ conventional BODIPY conjugates for live-cell SMLM via their previously reported red-shifted ground-state dimers (DII), which transiently form through bi-molecular encounters and emit bright single-molecule fluorescence. We employ the versatility of DII-state SMLM to resolve the nanoscopic spatial regulation and dynamics of single fatty acid analogs (FAas) and lipid droplets (LDs) in living yeast and mammalian cells with two colors. In fed cells, FAas localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and LDs of ~125 nm diameter. Upon fasting, however, FAas form dense, non-LD clusters of ~100 nm diameter at the plasma membrane and transition from free diffusion to confined immobilization. Our reported SMLM capability of conventional BODIPY conjugates is further demonstrated by imaging lysosomes in mammalian cells and enables simple and versatile live-cell imaging of sub-cellular structures at the nanoscale. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) requires the use of fluorophores with specific sets of properties. Here the authors employ conventional BODIPY dyes as SMLM fluorophores by making use of rarely reported red-shifted ground state BODIPY dimers to image fatty acids, lipid droplets and lysosomes at single-molecule resolution.
Audio Explorer - VAST Challenge 2018 MC1 (Awarded “Excellent Comprehensive Submission”)

The 2018 VAST Challenge Mini-challenge 1 poses a multifaceted data analysis problem requiring specialized insight into several fields of computing and visual analytics. In this paper we present our tool, Audio Explorer, that combines deep learning classification of audio files with geospatial and auditory visualization techniques in a user-friendly interface designed to promote information discovery.
Low-Complexity Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm for Tensor Canonical Polyadic Decomposition

In this paper, we propose CPD-fLM++, a fast implementation of the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm for the tensor canonical polyadic decomposition. The overall algorithmic framework follows exactly the LM approach, which enjoys locally a super-linear convergence rate and has been observed to be able to avoid the "swamp" effect commonly seen in other CPD algorithms. However, unlike the common wisdom that LM requires very high per-iteration complexity to execute, we show each iteration of CPD-fLM++ only requires $\mathcal{O}\left( {N{K^6}} \right)$ flops to perform matrix inversions, where N is the number of modes and K is the target CPD rank. This is done by carefully exploiting the structures in the Jacobian Gramian matrix, and is by far the most efficient implementation of LM for CPD using direct methods. Experiments on synthetic data confirm the good performance of CPD-fLM++ for large-scale higher-order tensors.
Speed and accuracy of pharmacy students' response to calculation problems with or without formula prompts.

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of time spent per problem and the level of accuracy per problem, based on the presence or absence of a stressor. The impact on accuracy created by stress due to the lack of the formula prompt during an assessment is a major focus of this study. Methods Sixty-nine first-year pharmacy students were tested with four calculation questions (Qs) divided between two quizzes. The first quiz contained three multiple-choice questions (MCQs), Q1 to Q3, and no formulas to assist students. The second quiz contained one MCQ, Q4, and provided a formula to assist students. The degree of difficulty of Q1, Q2, Q3 was set lower. Also, Q3 and Q4 were identical. The only difference was the inclusion of the formula to assist the student. The absence of the formula on the first quiz served as the stressor, which impacted the average response time and level of accuracy. Analysis was performed for determining the difference among the groups of students based on their rate of accuracy and the rapidness of response. Results The mean time to respond to the question with the formula was not significantly different from the mean time to respond to the question with no formula. While the rapidness of response increased due to confidence in the formula provided, accuracy in response selection decreased. Conclusion The absence of cognitive stressors contributed to boosting student confidence and rapidness of response but reduced the accuracy.
Frequency Comb Offset Stabilization via Integrated Lithium Niobate f-2f Interferometer

We demonstrate carrier-envelope offset frequency (f CEO ) stabilization of a modelocked laser using an integrated, dispersion engineered lithium niobate f-2f interferometer via simultaneous supercontinuum and second-harmonic generation with only 107 pJ pulse energy.
Addiction, Pain, and Compassionate Care

Research suggests that alcohol and drug use is a rising problem in Korean American communities, especially in US-born generations. This chapter reviews the neurobiology of addiction and outlines its causes, framing the spiritual problem of addiction as one of pain and offers, based on research on Asian Americans, that the problem is related to acculturation challenges, attachment issues, and experiences of racism. If addiction is a disease that arises through our efforts to cope with pain, then combating addiction requires both resiliency-building and healing approaches that are specific to the complex life-experience of Korean Americans.
Early Childhood Reading in Rural China and Obstacles to Caregiver Investment in Young Children: A Mixed-Methods Analysis.

Studies have shown that nearly half of rural toddlers in China have cognitive delays due to an absence of stimulating parenting practices, such as early childhood reading, during the critical first three years of life. However, few studies have examined the reasons behind these low levels of stimulating parenting, and no studies have sought to identify the factors that limit caregivers from providing effective early childhood reading practices (EECRP). This mixed-methods study investigates the perceptions, prevalence, and correlates of EECRP in rural China, as well as associations with child cognitive development. We use quantitative survey results from 1748 caregiver–child dyads across 100 rural villages/townships in northwestern China and field observation and interview data with 60 caregivers from these same sites. The quantitative results show significantly low rates of EECRP despite positive perceptions of early reading and positive associations between EECRP and cognitive development. The qualitative results suggest that low rates of EECRP in rural China are not due to the inability to access books, financial or time constraints, or the absence of aspirations. Rather, the low rate of book ownership and absence of reading to young children is driven by the insufficient and inaccurate knowledge of EECRP among caregivers, which leads to their delayed, misinformed reading decisions with their young children, ultimately contributing to developmental delays.
Computational Study of Key Mechanistic Details for a Proposed Copper (I)-Mediated Deconstructive Fluorination of N-Protected Cyclic Amines

Using calculations, we show that a proposed Cu(I)-mediated deconstructive fluorination of N-benzoylated cyclic amines with Selectfluor® is feasible and may proceed through: (a) substrate coordination to a Cu(I) salt, (b) iminium ion formation followed by conversion to a hemiaminal, and (c) fluorination involving C–C cleavage of the hemiaminal. The iminium ion formation is calculated to proceed via a F-atom coupled electron transfer (FCET) mechanism to form, formally, a product arising from oxidative addition coupled with electron transfer (OA + ET). The subsequent β-C–C cleavage/fluorination of the hemiaminal intermediate may proceed via either ring-opening or deformylative fluorination pathways. The latter pathway is initiated by opening of the hemiaminal to give an aldehyde, followed by formyl H-atom abstraction by a TEDA2+ radical dication, decarbonylation, and fluorination of the C3-radical center by another equivalent of Selectfluor®. In general, the mechanism for the proposed Cu(I)- mediated deconstructive C–H fluorination of N-benzoylated cyclic amines (LH) by Selectfluor® was calculated to proceed analogously to our previously reported Ag(I)-mediated reaction. In comparison to the Ag(I)-mediated process, in the Cu(I)-mediated reaction the iminium ion formation and hemiaminal fluorination have lower associated energy barriers, whereas the product release and catalyst re-generation steps have higher barriers.
The role of the atypical chemokine receptor CCRL2 in myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary acute myeloid leukemia

The identification of new molecular pathways supporting the growth of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) stem and progenitor cells is needed to understand clinical variation and develop targeted therapies. Within myeloid malignancies, men have worse outcomes compared to women, suggesting male sex hormone driven effects in malignant hematopoiesis. The androgen receptor promotes the expression of five granulocyte-colony factor receptor regulated genes. Among them, CCRL2 encodes an atypical chemokine receptor that regulates cytokine signaling in differentiated granulocytes but its role in myeloid malignancies is unknown. Our study revealed that CCRL2 is upregulated in stem and progenitor cells from patients with MDS and secondary acute leukemia. CCRL2 knockdown suppressed the growth and clonogenicity of MDS92 and MDS-L cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, CCRL2 knockdown significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT3, and STAT5 in MDS cells. CCRL2 co-precipitated with JAK2 and its suppression decreased the interaction of JAK2 with STAT proteins. Cell lines expressing JAK2V617F showed less effect of CCRL2 knockdown on growth and clonogenicity compared to those expressing wild type. However, the selective JAK2 inhibitor fedratinib potentiated the effects of CCRL2 knockdown in MDS and leukemia cells expressing both wild type JAK2 and JAK2V617F. In conclusion, our results implicate CCRL2 as a mediator of MDS and secondary acute leukemia cell growth, in part through JAK2/STAT signaling.