cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PRESENTATION OF THE HARREL L. STRIMPLE AWARD OF THE PALEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY TO CHRISTOPHER L. GARVIE

It is a great pleasure for us to introduce to you Christopher L. Garvie, this year's recipient of the Strimple award for outstanding accomplishment in paleontology by an amateur. This is well-deserved recognition for his significant contributions to the paleontology of the Paleogene of the western Gulf Coast. Chris was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, and grew up in Hamburg, Germany, and London, England. He majored in Mathematics and Physics at the University of Aberdeen and was awarded a Special Merit Certificate in Mathematics upon his graduation. He has pursued a career in software development with extensive experience in aerospace systems design, simulation, and testing, and in a variety of manufacturing and financial applications. During his professional life, he has worked for a large number of major corporations in these fields in England, France, Germany, and in the United States. This has provided the opportunity for him, once he became interested in paleontology, to collect from classic sites and through a wide stratigraphic range. He collected his first fossil from the Eocene of northwestern Washington while living in Seattle. Soon afterwards, he was living in Munich and began to collect from the Solnhofen Limestone in Bavaria. The Altmuhltal is a delightful pastoral setting in which to look for fossils, but we also suspect that another strong incentive was …
Abstract 2982: Antineoplastic activity of the novel CDK2/9 inhibitor CCT68127 occurs via induced anaphase catastrophe and inhibition of PEA15 phosphorylation in lung cancer

We reported the first generation CDK2/9/7 inhibitor seliciclib (R-roscovitine, CYC202) exerts antineoplastic effects against lung cancer by inducing anaphase catastrophe. In anaphase catastrophe, cells with aneuploidy (a hallmark of cancer) cannot cluster supernumerary centrosomes, triggering abnormal anaphase and apoptosis. This study now finds the new CDK2/9 inhibitor CCT68127 (Cyclacel) is a more potent and selective CDK2 inhibitor than seliciclib. CCT68127 exerted substantial antineoplastic effects against diverse lung cancer cells. It inhibited growth, caused cell cycle arrest, and induced apoptosis more than did seliciclib. Using a high throughput screen platform of 75 (57 KRAS wild-type and 18 KRAS mutant) lung cancer cell lines, those with KRAS mutation were significantly (p Citation Format: Masanori Kawakami, Xi Liu, Lisa M. Mustachio, David J. Sekula, Shanhu Hu, Lin Zheng, Jaime Rodriguez-Canales, Barbara Mino, Pamela A. Villalobos, Carmen Behrens, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Sarah J. Freemantle, Ethan Dmitrovsky. Antineoplastic activity of the novel CDK2/9 inhibitor CCT68127 occurs via induced anaphase catastrophe and inhibition of PEA15 phosphorylation in lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2982.
Bmi-1-Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-Knock-In Mice Reveal the Dynamic Regulation of Bmi-1 Expression in Normal and Leukemic Hematopoietic Cells.

Abstract The ability to self-renew is essential for all kinds of stem cells regardless of tissue types. One of the best candidate genes involved in conferring self-renewal capacity is Bmi-1, which has been proven to be essential for the maintenance of both normal adult hematopoietic and leukemia stem cells as well as adult neural stem cells. Furthermore, it has been reported that Bmi-1 is expressed at high level in immature hematopoietic cells and its expression is down-regulated along with cell differentiation. In order to investigate the possible role of Bmi-1 expression as a marker of stem or progenitor cells in several types of normal or malignant tissues, we generated two types of Bmi-1-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-knock-in mice, in which GFP was expressed under the endogenous transcriptional regulatory elements of the Bmi-1 gene. In one strain, GFP was inserted into the transcription start site, resulting in the heterozygous allele for Bmi-1. In another strain, GFP was expressed as a fusion protein with Bmi-1 from the targeted allele. Using these two types of targeted reporter mice, we demonstrate that Bmi-1 expression levels are well-correlated with cell differentiation in normal hematopoietic cells. Bmi-1 is expressed in CD150+(or Flk2/Flt3−) CD34− c-kit+ lin- Sca-1+ (KLS) cells, which is highly enriched with long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs), at its highest levels and down-regulated upon commitment to differentiation. The Bmi-1high/lineage-marker- cells contained 33.8% of KLS cells, indicating that HSCs can be highly enriched according to the Bmi-1 expression levels combined with lineage-markers. Then, we analyzed the Bmi-1 expression levels in acute myeloiud leukemia (AML) models induced by the combination of TEL/PDGFβR and AML1/ETO, or chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) models induced by P210 BCR/ABL. Bmi-1 is also expressed at its highest levels in undifferentiated KLS leukemia cells. In addition, the Bmi-1 expression levels in leukemic KLS cells are similar to normal KLS cells, suggesting that the Bmi-1 over-expression in leukemia samples might simply reflect the accumulation of immature cells. Furthermore, in several other non-hematopoietic tissues, cells could be separated into distinct subpopulations with differential Bmi-1 expression. Thus, these mice allow for the isolation of viable Bmi-1-expressing cells and have the potential to become a useful tool for understanding the role of Bmi-1 in normal and cancer stem cells in multiple tissue types.
A single center tertiary care experience utilizing the large volume mega 50cc intra‐aortic balloon counterpulsation in contemporary clinical practice

Objective Clinical outcomes and adverse events utilizing the large volume 50cc intra-aortic balloon (IAB) in contemporary clinical practice. Background The newer large volume 50cc IAB, recently introduced into clinical practice offers improved diastolic augmentation and better left ventricular (LV) unloading compared to the older 40cc IAB. Methods In 150 consecutive patients who received intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) with a 50cc balloon from 2011 to 2015, we retrospectively analyzed demographic, clinical, laboratory, and hemodynamic variables, adverse events and survival to discharge from index hospitalization. Results Median LVEF was 20%. The most common indication was cardiogenic shock (CS) in 100 patients. Median duration of IABC was 92.5 hr. 95% of patients were free of any IAB device related complications. Five patients received a transfusion for bleeding causally related to IABC. 70 of the 150 patients who received MCS with IABC with no escalation of therapy, recovered and were discharged alive. Fifteen patients were stabilized on IABC and bridged to orthotopic heart transplant. All 15 were discharged alive. Thirty-four patients were initiated on IABC and escalated to VAD and/or Impella/Tandem Heart, with 24 patients surviving to hospital discharge. Overall survival to hospital discharge for the 150 patients was 72.7%. Conclusion IABC using a larger volume 50cc balloon appears effective as a first line percutaneous MCS strategy in a large fraction of critically ill cardiac patients with few adverse events. A large scale registry or randomized clinical trial utilizing the larger volume IAB is needed to validate our results. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anaphylactic Shock to Ribeye

Along the edge of an island by a creek, an 87-year-old man named C.P. dropped a bone-in ribeye on the mesquite-fired grill with salt and pepper. As he ate his first bite of medium-rare seared juiciness, his chest tightened and he was short of breath. Feeling like he was on the brink of death, he collapsed in the forest! Unfortunately the semi-remote place, Shelter Island, he was on did not have a bridge. The only ferry stopped running at 11 p.m. You had to call the ferryman to get out. You had to pay the ferryman to get to the other side. No helicopters can land there safely because it is wooded. The EMS team gave him epinephrine 0.3 mg straight through his pants in his thigh muscle above the kneecaps every 5 min. These interventions did not work. His blood pressure remained low at 80 systolic. The EMTs began sweating, and started an intravenous line with 0.9% isotonic saline to replenish his fluid status, which was compromised when the inflammatory cytokines were released with anaphylactic shock. After much consternation, Mr. C.P. arrived at a big U hospital. The doctors took away his menu of meat. The next morning, he had cereal and his head swelled up like Charlie Brown—bigger than a balloon! I received a frantic phone call from the hospitalists shortly after he left the intensive care unit. My first statement was that nobody, except Jerry Seinfeld, eats dry cereal. What did he pour in the bowl? Milk, of course! That clinched the diagnosis (Figs. 5.1 and 5.2).
Marine Macrophyte Detritus and Degradation: the Role of Intraspecific Genetic Variation

Intraspecific genetic diversity influences the primary production and biomass of coastal marine foundation plants. The majority of their primary production ends up as detritus, yet the relationship between their intraspecific genetic diversity and detritus-based functions has rarely been considered. We addressed the relationship between these functions (detritus standing stock, degradation, sediment ammonium production) and genotypic diversity (richness, evenness, relatedness) in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.), a widely distributed coastal foundation plant, grown in the field at different levels of genotypic richness and relatedness. The functions were largely insensitive to the genotypic diversity, density, and biomass of the living plants in a plot, which suggests that changes in eelgrass genotypic diversity have minimal effects on these important functions and their consequences ranging from trophic support to carbon sequestration. Instead, detritus-based functions are perhaps more related to the sediment environment, the genotypic composition of the detritus itself, and macro- and microscopic detritus consumers.
Simultaneous Embeddedness in Immigrant Entrepreneurship: Global Forces Behind Chinese-Owned Nail Salons in New York City:

This article investigates how global forces influence immigrant entrepreneurship. Research in the United States generally assumes that immigrant enterprises, especially those in the service sector ...
Neural Androgen Synthesis and Aggression: Insights From a Seasonally Breeding Rodent.

Aggression is an essential social behavior that promotes survival and reproductive fitness across animal systems. While research on the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying this complex behavior has traditionally focused on the classic neuroendocrine model, in which circulating gonadal steroids are transported to the brain and directly mediate neural circuits relevant to aggression, recent studies have suggested that this paradigm is oversimplified. Work on seasonally-breeding mammals that exhibit territorial aggression outside of the breeding season, such as Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus), has been particularly useful in elucidating alternate mechanisms. These animals display elevated levels of aggression during the non-breeding season, in spite of gonadal regression and reduced levels of circulating androgens. Our laboratory has provided considerable evidence that the adrenal hormone precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is important in maintaining aggression in both male and female Siberian hamsters during the non-breeding season, a mechanism that appears to be evolutionarily-conserved in some seasonally-breeding rodent and avian species. This review will discuss research on the neuroendocrine mechanisms of aggression in Siberian hamsters, a species that displays robust neural, physiological, and behavioral changes on a seasonal basis. Furthermore, we will address how these findings support a novel neuroendocrine pathway for territorial aggression in seasonally-breeding animals, in which adrenal DHEA likely serves as an essential precursor for neural androgen synthesis during the non-breeding season.
Association of Novel ALX4 Gene Polymorphisms with Antidepressant Treatment Response: Findings from the CO-MED Trial.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted in participants of the CO-MED (Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes) trial, a randomized, 3-treatment arm clinical trial of major depressive disorder (MDD) designed to identify markers of differential treatment outcome (response and remission). The QIDS-SR (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Self-Reported version) was used to measure response at week 6 (QIDS-SR ≤5) and remission at week 12 (QIDS-SR ≤6 and ≤8 at the last two study visits). Three treatment groups (escitalopram monotherapy, escitalopram + bupropion, and venlafaxine + mirtazapine) were evaluated. GWAS identified a potentially regulatory SNP rs10769025 in the ALX4 gene on chromosome 11 with a strong association ( p value = 9.85925E–08) with response to escitalopram monotherapy in Caucasians. Further, haplotype analysis on 7 ALX4 variants showed that a regulatory haplotype CAAACTG was significantly associated (odds ratio = 3.4, p = 2.00E–04) with response to escitalopram monotherapy at week 6. Ingenuity pathway analyses in the present study suggest that ALX4 has an indirect connection with antidepressant gene pathways in MDD, which may account for the genetic association with treatment outcome. Functional genomics studies to investigate the role of ALX4 in antidepressant treatment outcome will be an interesting future direction.
Kras and Tp53 Mutations Cause Cholangiocyte- and Hepatocyte-Derived Cholangiocarcinoma.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a primary liver cancer epidemiologically linked with liver injury which has poorly understood incipient stages and lacks early diagnostics and effective therapies. While iCCA is conventionally thought to arise from the biliary tract, studies have suggested that both hepatocytes and biliary cells (cholangiocytes) may give rise to iCCA. Consistent with the plasticity of these cell lineages, primary liver carcinomas exhibit a phenotypic range from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to iCCA with intermediates along this spectrum. Here we generated mouse models to examine the consequence of targeting mutant Kras and Tp53, common alterations in human iCCA, to different adult liver cell types. Selective induction of these mutations in the SOX9+ population, predominantly of mature cholangiocytes, resulted in iCCA emerging from premalignant biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BillN). By contrast, adult hepatocytes were relatively refractory to these mutations and formed rare hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). In this context, injury accelerated hepatocyte-derived tumorigenesis and promoted a phenotypic switch to iCCA. BilIN precursor lesions were absent in the hepatocyte-derived iCCA models, pointing towards distinct and direct emergence of a malignant cholangiocytic phenotype from injured, oncogenically primed hepatocytes. Tp53 loss enhanced reprogramming of hepatocytes to biliary cells, which may represent a mechanism facilitating formation of hepatocyte-derived iCCA. Overall, our work shows iCCA driven by Kras and Tp53 may originate from both mature cholangiocytes and hepatocytes, and factors such as chronic liver injury and underlying genetic mutations determine the path of progression and resulting cancer phenotype.
The microbial reproductive ecology of white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)

Changes in reproductive status influence energy and nutrient requirements in female primates. The gut microbiota may buffer changes in energy demands, with shifts in community composition increasing the energy production potential of the gut during pregnancy and lactation. In this study, we examine changes in the gut microbiome of wild, female white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) across different reproductive states. Fecal samples (n = 39) were collected from five adult females over the course of a year. Gut microbial community composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequences, and PICRUSt was used to make metagenomic functional predictions. We found a significant relationship between reproductive state and both the structure and predicted function of the gut microbiome, neither of which were associated with host diet. For example, the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly lower in lactating females compared with cycling females; the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly higher in pregnant females compared with lactating females, and there was a trend toward higher relative abundances of Proteobacteria in pregnant females compared with cycling females. The results of this study suggest that, in addition to behavioral and dietary adaptions, the gut microbiota may play a role in allowing female primates to meet their changing energetic needs during reproduction. Further studies of the "microbial reproductive ecology" of primates will help advance our understanding of gut microbial contributions to primate energetics.
Boston HealthCare for the Homeless Program: A Success Story.

A community coalition dedicated to helping homeless people designed a health care intervention that has become a comprehensive and successful medical and respite care program. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Invariants, Shimura Variety, and Hecke Algebra

In the first chapter, we gave an introductory sketch of a proof of nonvanishing modulo p of Dirichlet L-values. Since we have described basics of elliptic curves in an elementary manner in Chap.2, at least we could illustrate our main objectives in this book with a rough outline of their proofs. Detailed proofs (for some of them) will be given after we become equipped with a scheme-theoretic description of elliptic curves and their moduli as the simplest example of Shimura varieties in the following chapters. For some others, we give full proofs here, possibly assuming simplifying assumptions (and we refer to quoted research articles about the author’s proofs in more general cases).
Reconciling Competing Missions of English Education: A Story of Pedagogical Realism.

English teaching that satisfies curricula standards has often been siloed from instruction that advances the goals of social justice. Exasperated teachers may feel they can either meet the day-to-d...
Deception: The role of uncertain consequences

Abstract We study how decisions to lie extend to risky environments. We provide experimental evidence from a sender-receiver game where there is uncertainty over the amount by which a sender's lie reduces its receiver's payoff, which is known only to potential liar. Even though all reduction amounts are equiprobable, ex-post beliefs elicited from senders suggest that, unlike truth-tellers, most liars underestimate the extent of the actual reduction in the receiver's payoff and appear to exploit this self-serving bias, resulting in substantially more lying relative to a baseline treatment without the uncertainty. Subsequent treatments confirm the bias by either providing additional evidence or by removing possible confounds. An intervention treatment nudging senders toward correcting the bias reduces lying.
Is the folk concept of luck normative

Contemporary accounts of luck, though differing in pretty much everything, all agree that the concept of luck is descriptive as opposed to normative. This widespread agreement forms part of the framework in which debates in ethics and epistemology, where the concept of luck plays a central role, are carried out. The hypothesis put forward in the present paper is that luck attributions are sensitive to normative considerations. I report five experiments suggesting that luck attributions are influenced by the normative features of the case, and not merely by descriptive notions like agential control or modal fragility. I discuss the implications of this effect for theories of luck and debates in ethics and epistemology.
The Phenomenology of Change Beyond Tolerating

The concept of tolerance has been idealized and abstracted from its historical pedigree and the actual experience of tolerating, and a growing number of scholars are dissatisfied with tolerance as ...
Cauchyscher Intergralsatz. Prinzip vom Argument

Man setze $$\eqalign{ & \omega = {e^{\frac{{2\pi i}}{n}}},{z_y} = a{\omega ^\nu }, {\zeta _\nu } = \frac{{{z_{\nu + 1}} + {z_\nu }}}{2} \cr & v = 1,2,...,n; {z_0} = {z_n}, a fest, a \ddag 0. \cr} $$ .
Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Decision Making And Care Navigation Upon Release From Prison: A Feasibility Study.

Purpose Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a medical condition that is effectively treated with medications. A major challenge in breaking the cycle of OUD and related illegal activity is seamlessly introducing medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) as individuals leave jail or prison. We examined the feasibility of a pilot intervention to link participants to ongoing MOUD and psychosocial supports following release from custody. Methods The study enrolled adults with a history of OUD released from Washington State prisons to Department of Corrections (DOC) community supervision. Participants were randomized to the study intervention or comparison group. The intervention consisted of education on OUD and available treatments, support with individualized treatment decision making, and continued care navigation for 6 months to facilitate linkage to chosen treatments. Participants randomized to the control condition received referral to services in the community from their community corrections officers. A care navigation activity log documented intervention participants' intervention engagement, service utilization, and needs. Follow-up interviews were conducted at 1 and 6 months to assess satisfaction with the intervention. Results Fifteen participants were enrolled. All were male, most were white (86.6%) and the average age was 36.9 years. The majority (14 of 15 participants) were near-daily heroin users with severe OUD prior to incarceration. Of the seven intervention participants, two wished to start medications immediately. Three participants reported starting buprenorphine or methadone in the subsequent follow-up period, with or without social support and/or outpatient counseling, and three reported enrolling in social support and/or outpatient counseling without medications. Participants who received the intervention reported high satisfaction. We discuss barriers and facilitators to study implementation. Conclusion An intervention to link participants to ongoing MOUD and psychosocial supports following release from prison had broad acceptability among participants and was feasible to implement among those recruited; however, enrollment was much lower than anticipated and the study intervention did not demonstrate the intended effect to facilitate use of MOUD immediately post-release in this small sample of participants. Given recent research showing benefits of pre-release medication initiation, the potential added benefits of this two-part intervention should be studied in systems that initiate MOUD prior to release.
Acute lymphocytic leukemia masquerading as acute retinal necrosis.

Abstract Purpose To report a case of B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) relapse presenting as acute retinal necrosis. Observations An 11-year old boy with history of B-cell ALL undergoing maintenance therapy presented with a three-month history of intermittent blurry vision and pain in the right eye when a routine lumbar puncture indicated an elevated lymphoblast-predominant white blood cell count. Bone marrow biopsy revealed 42% lymphoblasts, confirming ALL relapse. Ophthalmic imaging demonstrated a hyperemic optic disc, retinal whitening, perivascular sheathing, retinal hemorrhages, and retinal detachment in the right eye. Vitreous fluid biopsy revealed presence of rare atypical lymphoblasts. Chemotherapy, orbital radiation, and systemic prednisone resulted in improvement of visual acuity and retinal hemorrhages, and resolution of retinal detachment. Conclusions and importance We have described the clinical features, treatment, and response in a case of B-cell ALL relapse with presenting signs of acute retinal necrosis. The uncommon finding in B-cell ALL highlights the possibility of intraocular involvement and the importance of routine ophthalmologic evaluation in leukemia remission.
Mountain Plover habitat selection and nest survival in relation to weather variability and spatial attributes of black-tailed prairie dog disturbance

Habitat loss and altered disturbance regimes have led to declines in many species of grassland and sagebrush birds, including the imperiled Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus). In certain parts of their range Mountain Plovers rely almost exclusively on black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies as nesting habitat. Previous studies have examined Mountain Plover nest and brood survival on prairie dog colonies, but little is known about how colony size and shape influence these vital rates or patterns of habitat selection. We examined how (1) adult habitat utilization, (2) nest-site selection, and (3) nest success responded to a suite of local- and site-level variables on large prairie dog colony complexes in northeastern Wyoming. Abundance of adult Mountain Plovers was highest on points within older, “medium”-sized (100–500 ha) colonies with high cover of annual forbs and bare ground (5.8 birds km–2), but lower on extremely large (>2,000 ha) colonies (2.1 birds km–2). Nest sites were characterized by high proportions of annual forbs and bare ground and low cactus cover and vegetation height. Nest survival was higher for older nests, and nests with lower cactus cover, and decreased with increasing temperatures. Uncertainty was high for models of daily nest survival, potentially because of 2 competing sources of nest failure: nest depredation and nest abandonment or inviability of eggs. Drivers of these 2 sources of nest failure differed, with inclement weather and higher temperatures associated with nest abandonment or egg inviability. We highlight how prairie dogs alter vegetation structure and bare ground heterogeneously across the landscape, and how this in turn influences bird abundance and nest distribution at different temporal and spatial scales. Furthermore, our work reveals how partitioning the causes of nest failure during nest survival analyses enhances understanding of survival rate covariates.
Prediction of confined and controllable Bloch points in nanocubes of chiral magnets

This paper predicts that individual Bloch points, topological point defects with vanishing local magnetization, can be created and stabilized by magnetostatic and chiral interactions in nanocuboids, confined in between two chiral bobbers of opposing polarity. The Bloch point can be moved by an external magnetic field of moderate strength but only if the field strength is enough to overcome a pinning potential that results from intrinsic exchange forces and extrinsic surface effects. The Bloch point can be driven by the external field reversibly, in a direction opposing the field, and it remains stable up to moderate field strengths. At a critical field strength the Bloch point escapes through one of the surfaces, leaving behind a collinear magnetization configuration, and upon removing the field a new Bloch point is formed. These findings highlight the topological diversity in nanostructures and show that a Bloch point, despite its zero dimensionality, couples to external fields via a substantial magnetic volume around it. The control of topological point defects has technological implications with regards to reversibly movable nanomagnetic textures and their associated emergent electrodynamics.
Impact of transforming to conformal Fermi coordinates on quasisingle field non-Gaussianity

In general relativity predictions for observable quantities can be expressed in a coordinate independent way. Nonetheless it may be inconvenient to do so. Using a particular frame may be the easiest way to connect theoretical predictions to measurable quantities. For the cosmological curvature bispectrum such frame is described by the Conformal Fermi Coordinates. In single field inflation it was shown that going to this frame cancels the squeezed limit of the density perturbation bispectrum calculated in Global Coordinates. We explore this issue in quasi single field inflation when the curvaton mass and the curvaton-inflaton mixing are small. In this case, the contribution to the bispectrum from the coordinate transformation to Conformal Fermi Coordinates is of the same order as that from the inflaton-curvaton interaction term but does not cancel it.
Leisure education in chronic disease self-management: a case study and lessons learned

The number of individuals experiencing chronic conditions is on the rise, increasing the need for effective self-management strategies to promote their health and quality of life. This paper identi...
Single step bonding of thick anodized aluminum oxide templates to silicon wafers for enhanced system-on-a-chip performance

Abstract Vertically-aligned nanostructures are of interest for novel system-on-a-chip applications including sensing and energy storage. Templated synthesis of such structures has been previously demonstrated via anodized aluminum oxide (AAO). However, the performance of AAO-on-Si devices has been limited by current methods of obtaining well-adhered, thick AAO templates on Si substrates. Thicker AAO templates allow for longer nanostructures of active material, which is expected to increase performance of devices reliant on the surface area or volume of the active material. In this study, Al–Si eutectic bonding is used to achieve thick AAO-on-Si, with templates up to 90 μm thick bonded to the wafer. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are grown in the AAO templates bonded to Si to create proof-of-concept on-chip electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLC) devices. Our devices show a promising value of 0.44 mF cm−2, much higher than previous AAO capacitors on Si chips. The structure of the CNT/AAO/Al/Si stack is examined using SEM and TEM, and the device performance is tested through cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) measurements.
Evidence-Based Physical Examination for the Diagnosis of Subscapularis Tears: A Systematic Review.

Context:There is a renewed interest in diagnosing and treating subscapularis tears, but there is a paucity of clinical guidance to optimize diagnostic decision-making.Objective:To perform a literat...
The cost of safety: Balancing risk and liberty in psychiatric units

The systems approach is a widely accepted method for addressing healthcare adverse events. However, when adverse events are behavioral in nature, such as self-injury or aggression, a systems approach can restrict patient autonomy. We propose guidelines for balancing safety and autonomy considerations when developing systems for behavioral adverse events: interventions that do not limit patient liberty, or that therapeutically address the root causes of behavioral adverse events, should be fully utilized. Clinicians should collaborate with patients when designing systems that may restrict patient liberty. And clinicians should be supported in managing the stress that accrues from working in hazardous environments.
A Mini-Review on Overcoming a Calorie-Centric World of Monolithic Annual Crops

There is widespread recognition that a narrow crop base has inherent vulnerabilities. Crop diversification is one strategy that can help enhance human health, environmental sustainability and resilience of farming communities – yet lock-in mechanisms have mediated against such diversification. This mini-review considers inadvertent negative impacts on crop diversity of policies that favor a few, highly annual crops. Priorities of agricultural research and government institutions such as Public Distribution Systems promote production of a few determinant cereal species, and do not consider the ecosystem service functions associated with diverse growth types, e.g., long duration, indeterminant and perennial crops. Genetic improvement of fields crops has prioritized short maturity cycles, calorie production, and inadvertently, this may lead to high consumption of water and nutrients. Such crops are highly productive; however, they ‘lock-in’ dependence on fossil fuels and chemical pest regulation. Further, early duration crops have modest root systems, and are short-statured. This limits generation of co-products, such as fodder, fuel wood, leafy vegetables and soil amelioration. Research gaps and next steps are proposed to address this challenge, including: 1) investigation of adoption barriers and opportunities in order to foster diverse crop growth types and ‘bright spots’ of agroecosystem diversity, 2) changing metrics for assessing system performance, to consider nutrient-enrichment, multipurpose properties and ecosystem services in agricultural policy, and 3) investment in developing perennial and multipurpose grain crops, and plant-facilitated nutrient accessing mechanisms. Enhanced resilience in agriculture requires greater attention to promotion of crop diversity, including functional diversity and socio-economic innovations.
Multimodality molecular imaging of the alveolar-capillary barrier in lung disease using albumin based optical and PET tracers.

Inflammatory changes caused by viruses, bacteria, exposure to toxins, commonly used drugs and even surgical intervention have the potential of causing abnormal epithelial permeability, which is manifest as infiltrative processes on computed tomography (CT), including the widespread infiltrates seen in COVID-19 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We utilized a previously published mouse model of ARDS, intranasal delivery of LPS, to induce the alveolar-capillary barrier permeability seen in lung disease. We intravenously injected mice with Cy7 or 68-Gallium (68Ga) labeled mouse albumin and imaged using optical imaging (OI)/CT and PET. We observed significantly increased lung levels of Cy7-albumin on 3D OI/CT, which matched the abnormal appearance on microCT. This uptake correlated with fluorescence seen on sectioned lungs. To examine the translational potential of these findings, we radiolabeled albumin with 68Ga. We found that in mice with LPS-induced lung injury, 68Ga-albumin PET correlated with our optical imaging findings and demonstrated abnormal activity in the lung fields, indicative of abnormal epithelial permeability. These findings indicate 68Ga-albumin can be utilized as a sensitive translational radiotracer for quantifying the abnormal epithelial permeability that is seen in various lung pathologies, including COVID-19 induced pneumonia and ARDS. The ability to use Cy7-albumin 3D OI/CT imaging as a preclinical translational surrogate for 68Ga-albumin offers an accessible high throughput means to rapidly screen potential therapeutics against lung diseases that clinically manifest with endothelial permeability.
In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit after a Return Visit to the Emergency Department.

Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) admission following a short-term emergency department (ED) revisit has been considered a particularly undesirable outcome among return-visit patients, although their in-hospital prognosis has not been discussed. We aimed to compare clinical outcomes between adult patients admitted to the ICU after unscheduled ED revisits and those admitted during index ED visits. Method: This retrospective study was conducted at two tertiary medical centers in Taiwan from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017. All adult non-trauma patients admitted to the ICU directly via the ED during the study period were included and divided into two comparison groups: patients admitted to the ICU during index ED visits and those admitted to the ICU during return ED visits. The outcomes of interest included in-hospital mortality, mechanical ventilation (MV) support, profound shock, hospital length of stay (HLOS), and total medical cost. Results: Altogether, 12,075 patients with a mean (standard deviation) age of 64.6 (15.7) years were included. Among these, 5.3% were admitted to the ICU following a return ED visit within 14 days and 3.1% were admitted following a return ED visit within 7 days. After adjusting for confounding factors for multivariate regression analysis, ICU admission following an ED revisit within 14 days was not associated with an increased mortality rate (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89 to 1.32), MV support (aOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.26), profound shock (aOR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.18), prolonged HLOS (difference: 0.04 days, 95% CI: −1.02 to 1.09), and increased total medical cost (difference: USD 361, 95% CI: −303 to 1025). Similar results were observed after the regression analysis in patients that had a 7-day return visit. Conclusion: ICU admission following a return ED visit was not associated with major in-hospital outcomes including mortality, MV support, shock, increased HLOS, or medical cost. Although ICU admissions following ED revisits are considered serious adverse events, they may not indicate poor prognosis in ED practice.
Randomized Probe Imaging through Deep K-Learning

Iterative phase retrieval algorithms are time-consuming. To accelerate reconstructions for Randomized Probe Imaging (RPI), we propose deep k-learning, a neural network with attention to frequency. The associated computational speedup may enable fast dynamical imaging.
On the Role of Electron-Medium Coupling in High Temperature Superconductors

The effective Hamiltonian for a pair of Fermion derived from the basic many body Hamiltonian allows for the interaction of a pair with its medium in a number of ways e.g., once via the mean field and another via the pairing part of the interaction. The two state model developed earlier has been solved in a better approximation. The model has then been applied to calculate pairing energy, critical temperature, coherence length and critical field for YBa2Cu3X7-δ with X = O, S, Cl, F, Br, I. The model can account for the general trend and magnitude of these observables, particularly the very large value of the critical field. Using a model Hamiltonian of FrClich type, the electron-phonon coupling strength is estimated. The electron-phonon coupling strength for our particular system is more than an order of magnitude larger than the one in normal superconductors. The Eliashberg dimensionless coupling parameter λ is found to be about 2.0 to 3.0.
Imperfection Ionization Energies in CdS-Type Materials by Photoelectronic Techniques

Publisher Summary This chapter describes imperfection ionization energies in cds-type materials by photoelectronic techniques. Many of the most significant photoelectronic properties of insulators, such aa CdS are associated with the presence of crystal imperfections. These imperfections may consist either of foreign impurities or of crystal defects such as vacancies. On the basis of a phenomenological understanding of the role of such imperfections in photoelectronic processes, it is possible to utilize photoelectronic techniques for the investigation of these imperfections themselves. This chapter discusses some of the recent results of such investigations, emphasizing particularly those techniques useful in determining the location of energy levels, which cannot be located by standard semiconductor techniques. The nature of the imperfections depends upon whether the binding is ionic or covalent. Actually in most materials, including the CdS-type materials, the binding is of some intermediate type between purely ionic and purely covalent. Qualitative conclusions concerning the behavior of a given type of imperfection are not dependent upon the model chosen for the binding.
On the mapping of index compression techniques on CSR information retrieval

Information retrieval is the selection of documents relevant to a query. The inverted index is the conventional way to store the index of the collection. Because of the large amounts of data, compression techniques are commonly used in information retrieval systems to reduce the size of the inverted index. We experimentally evaluate the result of the mapping of such techniques on the compressed sparse row (CSR) information retrieval (IR). Our experimental results, using some of these compression techniques such as Elias Gamma, Golomb, interpolative, and fixed length byte-aligned, demonstrate that such techniques can easily be applied to compress the index in CSR IR.
Braddock Industries, Inc.

This case examines the drivers of economic value creation for shareholders, and how these drivers are reflected in various incentive compensation programs for management. The case also looks at how the economic performance of business units can be evaluated using measures of economic value creation.Learning Objective: The case demonstrates how commonly used management incentive systems may or may not motivate economic value creation for shareholders.
On-the-fly verification of rateless erasure codes for efficient content distribution

The quality of peer-to-peer content distribution can suffer when malicious participants intentionally corrupt content. Some systems using simple block-by-block downloading can verify blocks with traditional cryptographic signatures and hashes, but these techniques do not apply well to more elegant systems that use rateless erasure codes for efficient multicast transfers. This paper presents a practical scheme, based on homomorphic hashing, that enables a downloader to perform on-the-fly verification of erasure-encoded blocks.
Intraindividual variation in serum retinol concentrations among participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

BACKGROUND The biological variability in serum retinol concentrations has never been examined in a large sample, and its effect on population distribution estimates and the clinical assessment of vitamin A status is unknown. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the biological CV of serum retinol and examined the effect of the CV on both population distribution estimates and clinical assessments of vitamin A status by using data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. DESIGN We described the biological CV [(SD/x) x 100] and examined associations between the CV and other factors via multivariate analysis of variance and linear regression. We used linear regression to predict the mean retinol concentration from a single concentration and established 95% CIs for each participant. We estimated the adjusted prevalence of inadequate vitamin A status (retinol < 1.05 micromol/L) on the basis of the CIs. We estimated an uncertainty range for serum retinol concentrations for which the CIs included the established cutoff. RESULTS The mean biological CV across all strata was 6.45%. The biological CV varied significantly between racial-ethnic groups (P < 0.05). Prevalence estimates of inadequate serum retinol concentrations were reduced after adjustment for the total variation, with an adjusted overall prevalence of 0.62% compared with an unadjusted prevalence of 2.63%. CONCLUSIONS The actual population prevalence of inadequate vitamin A status may be 75% lower than the estimates previously reported. Confirmation of vitamin A status may be needed for persons in the United States with observed serum retinol concentrations near the recognized cutoff.
Integration of filters and microstrip antennas

A new implementation of the integrated antenna-filter module has been proposed that is based on the single material technology and uses the same substrate for both the antenna and filter layers. An X band device has been designed on the low permittivity substrate and examined for X band operation. This example proves the feasibility of achieving a well-defined filtering response and proper radiation performance through simple and compact integrated modules.
Microhabitat use and seasonal movements of hatchery‐reared and wild shortnose sturgeon in the Savannah River, South Carolina – Georgia

Summary Radio and acoustic telemetry were used to monitor the seasonal movement of hatchery-reared and wild shortnose sturgeon (622–927 mm total length) in the Savannah River. Diploid, and sterile hatchery-reared shortnose sturgeon, and wild shortnose sturgeon showed apparent similar seasonal patterns of movement within the river. We were unable to detect any significant differences in the seasonal mean river location, minimum daily distance moved, absolute distance moved, displacement or mean territory size among treatments. Fish moved throughout the brackish and freshwater interface area of the Savannah River during the summer months. Coinciding with decreasing fall temperatures, fish of all treatment groups moved downriver into brackish areas of the upper estuary, residing in the Front, Middle, and Back Rivers, where they remained through winter. Upriver movements of some hatchery-reared and wild groups began in early February as river temperatures began to increase. Shortnose sturgeon from each group selected apparent similar thermal, salinity and water depth conditions throughout the year. Hatchery-reared fish may be useful as surrogates for wild fish in behavioural studies. Triploid or surgically-sterilized fish may be used in situ behavioural studies where genetic contamination is a concern. It may be possible to monitor habitats used by released hatchery-reared fish to locate or verify remnant populations of rare or endangered species in systems where they are thought to be extirpated.
Toxicity and Bioavailability of Copper Herbicides (Clearigate, Cutrine-Plus, and Copper Sulfate) to Freshwater Animals

In designing aquatic herbicides containing copper, an important goal is to maximize efficacy for target species while minimizing risks for nontarget species. To have a margin of safety for nontarget species, the concentration, duration of exposure (i.e., uptake), and form (i.e., species) of copper used for herbicidal properties should not elicit adverse effects on populations of nontarget species. To determine the potential for risk or adverse effects (conversely the margin of safety), data regarding the comparative toxicity of copper-containing herbicides are crucial. A series of comparative toxicity experiments was conducted, including baseline estimates of toxicity (LC50s, LOECs), sensitive species relationships (thresholds and exposure-response slopes), and bioavailability of toxic concentrations and forms of copper 7 days after initial herbicide application. Aqueous 48-h toxicity experiments were performed to contrast responses of Daphnia magna Strauss, Hyalella azteca Saussure, Chironomus tentans Fabricius, and Pimephales promelas Rafinesque to copper herbicides: Clearigate®, Cutrine®-Plus, and copper sulfate. D. magna was the most sensitive aquatic animal tested for all three herbicides; 48-h LC50s for organisms exposed to Clearigate, Cutrine-Plus, and copper sulfate were 29.4, 11.3, and 18.9 μg Cu/L, respectively. In terms of potency (calculated from the linearized portion of the exposure-response curves, which included 50% mortality), D. magna was the most sensitive animal tested. Organisms exposed to Clearigate, Cutrine-Plus, and copper sulfate had exposure-response slopes of 2.55, 8.61, and 5.07% mortality/μg Cu/L, respectively. Bioavailability of Clearigate and Cutrine-Plus was determined by comparing survival data (LC50s) of test organisms exposed to herbicide concentrations during the first and last 48-h of a 7-day exposure period. Even in these relatively simplified water-only exposures, a transformation of copper to less bioavailable species over time was observed with a 100–200% decrease in toxicity (i.e., an increase in 48-h LC50s) for all four test animals. This series of laboratory experiments provides a worst-case scenario for determining the risk associated with the manufacturer's recommended application rates of Clearigate (100–1,000 μg Cu/L), Cutrine-Plus (200–1,000 μg Cu/L), and copper sulfate (100–500 μg Cu/L) in natural waters for four nontarget freshwater animals.