cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Eating disorder symptoms and core eating disorder fears decrease during online imaginal exposure therapy for eating disorders.

Abstract Background Few evidence-based treatments for eating disorders (EDs) exist. Imaginal exposure therapy is a key component of effective treatment for anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. However, imaginal exposure has not been systematically tested as a treatment for EDs. The current study aimed to develop and test online imaginal exposure as a treatment for EDs. Methods The current study tested a four-week trial of online imaginal exposure for EDs (N = 229 participants with EDs recruited globally). Participants completed diagnostic interviews and four sessions of weekly online imaginal exposure, in which they wrote about and imagined a core ED fear (identified with a therapist). Participants completed measures of ED symptoms and fears (i.e., fear of weight gain, food) at pre-imaginal exposure, post-imaginal exposure, and six-month follow-up. Participants were recruited and participated in the protocol from November 2016 to October 2018. Results All primary outcomes (ED symptoms, ED fears) significantly decreased at study completion and six-month follow-up with medium-to-large effect sizes. State anxiety across the exposure and follow-ups significantly decreased, specifically from initial sessions to follow-up. Worry, but not depression, significantly decreased. Limitations This study was an open case trial and did not include a control condition. Conclusions Significant decreases in ED symptoms and fears occurred during the course of imaginal exposure treatment. Online imaginal exposure is a feasible treatment for EDs and is associated with decreases in core ED symptomatology, which are comparable in magnitude to decreases seen from other evidence-based treatments. A future randomized-controlled trial is needed. Clinical trials registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03712748.
Redefine the A in ABR for 360-degree Videos: A Flexible ABR Framework

360-degree video has been popular due to the immersive experience it provides to the viewer. While watching, viewer can control the field of view (FoV)11In this paper, we use viewport interchangeably with FoV in the range of 360° by 180°. As this trend continues, adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming is becoming a prevalent issue. Most existing ABR algorithms for 360 videos (360 ABR algorithms) require real-time head traces and certain computation resource from the client for streaming, which largely constrains the range of audience. Also, while more 360 ABR algorithms rely upon machine learning (ML) for viewport prediction, ML and ABR are research topics that grow mostly independently. In this paper, we propose a two-fold ABR algorithm for 360 video streaming that utilizes 1) an off-the-shelf ABR algorithm for ordinary videos, and 2) an off-the-shelf viewport prediction model. Our algorithm requires neither real-time head traces nor additional computation from the viewing device. In addition, it adapts easily to the newest developments in viewport prediction and ABR. As a consequence, the proposed method fits nicely to the existing streaming framework and any advancement in viewport prediction and ABR could enhance its performance. With the quantitative experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed method achieves twice the quality of experience (QoE) compared to the baseline.
An Interactive and Immersive Remote Education Platform based on Commodity Devices

Virtual reality (VR) holds a great potential to provide interactive and immersive learning experiences for students in remote education by using existing mobile devices, which is extremely meaningful during the current pandemic. In such a VR application, satisfactory user experience requires: 1) high-resolution panoramic image rendering; 2) high frame rate; 3) synchronization among users. This requires that either mobile devices perform fast image rendering or today’s wireless network can support multi-Gbps traffic with extremely low delay, neither of which is the case in current practice. In this demo, we develop a platform for interactive and immersive remote education based on commodity devices, where a server performs rendering to ensure that the rendered images have high-resolution (2560×1440 pixels) and are displayed at a high frame rate (60 frames per second) on the client-side. We further leverage motion prediction to overcome the diverse round-trip time (RTT) between a server and users and ensure synchronization among users (average 9.2 ms frame latency difference among users), which improves at least 60% and 20% compared to the existing local-rendering and server-rendering methods, respectively.
Keynote Address 1: “Transistors and reliability in the innovation era”

Traditional transistor scaling drive the semiconductor industry through the 1990s, but led to the era of innovation driven transistor scaling. Strained silicon, high-k plus metal gate transistors, and fin based transistors were some of the key innovations in the last several process technology generations. This presentation will explore both the transistor scaling benefits from these innovations as well as the reliability implications covering the 90nm to 14nm timeframe.
Studies on polynucleotides: XCIV. Transcription of DNA's with repeating nucleotide sequences

Abstract Transcription of the following DNA templates § : d(T-C) n ·d(G-A) n , d(T-G) n ·d(C-A) n , d(T-T-G) n ·d(C-A-A) n , d(T-T-C) n ·d(G-A-A) n , d(A-T-C) n ·d(G-A-T) n , d(C-T-A) n · d(T-A-G) n , d(T-T-A-C) n ·d(G-T-A-A) n , d(T-C-C) n ·d(G-G-A) n , d(T-T-T-C) 2 and d(T-A-T-C) 3 , produced RNA's with repeating oligonucleotide sequences antiparallel and complementary in the Watson-Crick sense to the DNA transcribed. It is possible selectively to transcribe either strand of these DNA's by supplying a maximum of three nucleoside triphosphates. The kinetics of RNA synthesis normally showed a rapid burst of synthesis followed by a slower linear rate of synthesis. A simple model is described to rationalize the data. Two generalizations are: (i) DNA's having the general composition d(pyrimidine) n ·d(purine) n were transcribed asymmetrically; (ii) synthesis of RNA's which contain the codons UAG or UAA as a repeating unit stopped completely after about 15 minutes due to a non-dissociable ternary complex of DNA, RNA and RNA polymerase. Some properties of the complex have been investigated.
Risk and Culture: Is Synthetic Biology Different?

Cultural cognition refers to the influence that individuals' values have on their perceptions of technological risk. We conducted a study to assess the cultural cognition of synthetic biology risks. Examining the attitudes of a large and diverse sample of Americans (N = 1,500), we found that hierarchical, conservative, and highly religious individuals - persons who normally are most skeptical of claims of environmental risks (including those relating to nuclear power and global warming) - are the persons most concerned about synthetic biology risks. We attribute this inversion of the normal cultural profile of risk perceptions to the seemingly anti-religious connotations of synthetic biology. We discuss implications of this finding for future study and for risk communication.
Stock equilibrium in flexprice markets in macromodels for less developed economies: The case of food speculation

Abstract This paper extends macroeconomic models of less developed economies with a flexprice agricultural sector and a fixprice non-agricultural sector to allow for stock equilibrium in flexprice markets as advocated by Hicks, and to thereby incorporate the empiricallu important phenomenon of food speculation. It is shown that models ignoring such features may yield incorrect insights regarding reality, and that increased speculation in foodgrains is likely to result in adverse consequences for both growth prospects and the distribution of income.
EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANET AND BROWN DWARF THEORY

With little doubt, we are in the midst of a renaissance in the study of extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs. High-resolution Doppler spectroscopy of nearby stars has netted ~14 giant planets/brown dwarfs within 2.5 A.U. of their primaries (Table 1), seven within 0.25 A.U.[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Surveys in stellar clusters and in the field are discovering scores of objects near the stellar/substellar boundary, with exotic spectra such as have never before been catalogued or studied[8, 9, 10, 11]. There are numerous searches now underway to directly detect brown dwarfs, one succeeding spectacularly with the discovery of Gliese 229B[12, 13, 14, 15, 16]. The spectrum of Gl 229B is similar to that of Jupiter, in that it has methane bands. In fact, it has features in common with both stars and giant planets. As a missing link, Gl 229B is heralding a new era in the theoretical study of stellar/planetary atmospheres, brown dwarfs, and planets.
Better Twice Measured: Partner Basis from Partnership Debt

Johnson argues that the current regulations under section 752 allow free trade in the purchase and sale of naked deductions, which should be ended. Johnson argues that proposed new regulations should not allow any nonrecourse partnership liability to be allocated to a partner who has a zero or negative capital account and no claim on equity, because Crane requires an equity interest for the debt to be considered a burden under economic substance. Johnson concludes that Treasury should fix the current regulations without involving Congress.
Projective Fraïssé limits and the pseudo-arc

The aim of the present work is to develop a dualization of the Fraisse limit construction from model theory and to indicate its surprising connections with the pseudo-arc. As corollaries of general results on the dual Fraisse limits, we obtain Mioduszewski's theorem on surjective universality of the pseudo-arc among chainable continua and a theorem on projective homogeneity of the pseudo-arc (which generalizes a result of Lewis and Smith on density of homeomorphisms of the pseudo-arc among surjective continuous maps from the pseudo-arc to itself). We also get a new characterization of the pseudo-arc via the projective homogeneity property.
Sentence Processing as a Function of Syntax, Short Term Memory Capacity, the Meaningfulness of the Stimulus and Age:

Three variables were assessed for their impact upon listeners' structuring of sentences. There were significant main effects found for short term memory (STM) capacity, the meaningfulness of the stimulus and age. An interaction between STM capacity and meaningfulness approached significance when data were collapsed over both age levels and was significant for one age level. Deep-structure variables were held constant in this experiment while the meaningfulness of each item was determined by surface level characteristics. Results indicated that subjects were influenced by the semantic variable, suggesting that surface level phenomena may have some independent influence on sentence structuring.
The Slow Nova

This model differs from our previous models, which resemble fast novae, in that it is a 1.25M⊙ white dwarf with no CNO enhancement in the hydrogen envelope. In this case, a shock wave is not generated, but the luminosity wave is. Because of the smaller radius associated with the larger mass white dwarf, the rekindled hydrogen shell source is stronger than in our less massive models. In fact, the luminosity is near the Eddington limiting luminosity at the shell source. Because of the higher opacity in the outer regions of the envelope, this high luminosity causes the outer regions to be ejected. The calculated light curve is very similar to that of a slow nova. This mechanism is also likely to cause the continuous mass loss in the remnant envelopes of our fast novae models.
The classroom is a Sangha: Contemplative education in the community college

Contemplative education, including meditation, mindfulness, lectio divina, and freewriting, regularly practiced in a classroom where a climate of ahimsa and nonjudgment are defining attitudes, can restore wholeness and foster engagement, imagination, and compassion in both instructors and students.
Fragrance material review on menthol

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of menthol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
The effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on prostaglandin production by rheumatoid synovial tissue.

The effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on prostaglandin production by rheumatoid synovial tissue has been investigated. Synovial explants were maintained in tissue culture for periods up to six days and PGE2 concentrations in culture were determined by radioimmunoassay. The more potent nonsteroidal inhibitors of PGE2 production and their IC50 (micrometer) values were indomethacin 0.005, flufenamic acid 0.2, flurbiprofen 0.6, ibuprofen 2.0 , naproxen 6.0, phenylbutazone 10.0, and aspirin 20.0. Drugs with weak or insignificant effects were hydroxychloroquin, acetaminophen, azathioprine, chloroquin, penicillamine, gold Na thiomalate, and Na salicylate. Glucocorticoids were potent inhibitors; dexamethasone 0.003, prednisolone 0.01, hydrocortisone 0.03; while mineralocorticoids deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone were inactive at 1.0 micrometer. There is a reasonably good correlation between the IC50 concentrations of the nonsteroidal inhibitors and their peak free plasma concentration achieved during therapy in man. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may contribute to the effects of many but not all anti-inflammatory drugs.
Meeting AHA/ACC secondary prevention goals in a vascular surgery practice: An opportunity we cannot afford to miss

Objective In an effort to reduce cardiovascular mortality, patients with atherosclerotic arterial disease should undergo risk factor modification according to the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) Secondary Prevention Guidelines (hereafter, Guideline). We assessed compliance with the Guideline in a group of patients seen in a vascular surgery practice. Methods We evaluated 200 consecutive patients with lower-extremity occlusive disease, cerebrovascular disease, or abdominal aortic aneurysm seen by a university-based vascular surgery practice. The subjects were patients who had been seen previously in our clinic (ESTABLISHED) and new referrals (NEW). Data pertinent to each of the nine AHA/ACC Guideline goals were collected from patient interviews, medication histories, and laboratory records. Compliance with each of the Guideline goals was evaluated. Differences in compliance between ESTABLISHED and NEW patient groups were also compared. We also recorded whether a patient had a previous endovascular or open surgical vascular intervention (EVENT or NO EVENT). Differences in compliance between the EVENT and NO EVENT groups were compared. Results Most patients did not achieve the secondary prevention goals recommended in the Guideline. Patients who had a prior vascular intervention (EVENT) were significantly more likely to achieve goals for low-density lipoprotein level (43% vs 23%), and for statin (71% vs 39%), β-blocker (46% vs 27%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (53% vs. 35%), and antiplatelet agent (85% vs. 68%) use ( P P Conclusion Compliance with the Guideline is suboptimal in patients with atherosclerotic arterial disease. Secondary prevention goals were more often achieved in the EVENT patient group, suggesting that a vascular intervention may lead to increased patient and physician awareness and compliance with the Guideline. A targeted effort towards risk factor modification in patients with atherosclerotic arterial disease could improve compliance with the Guideline and reduce cardiovascular mortality.
A Commentary on ''Gender Perspectives in Cross-Cultural Couples''

This commentary expands on Kellner’s article by discussing clinical practice with Asian and Euro-American couples. Differences in Western and traditional Asian cultural expectations around intimacy and styles of emotional expression can often lead to misunderstanding among couples. Therapy can also be a challenge for couples when they do not share the same first language. A therapist who only speaks English can inadvertently create an alliance with the partner whose first language is English. On the other hand, bilingual therapists who use both English and an Asian language in the session can face challenges differentiating their roles as a therapist versus a translator. Case illustrations are presented to illustrate these challenges.
Accelerated Development of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in New Zealand Black Mice Expressing a Low Level of Interferon Regulatory Factor 4

A recent genome-wide SNP association study identified IRF4 as a major susceptibility gene for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Moreover, the SNPs located in the 3′ UTR of the IRF4 gene have been linked to a down-regulation of IRF4. However, whether a low level of IRF4 is critical for CLL development remains unclear. New Zealand Black (NZB) mice are a naturally occurring, late-onset mouse model of CLL. To examine the role of a reduced level of IRF4 in CLL development, we generated, through breeding, IRF4 heterozygous mutant mice in the NZB background (NZB IRF4+/−). Our results show that CLL development is accelerated dramatically in the NZB IRF4+/− mice. The average onset of CLL in NZB mice is 12 months, but CLL cells can be detected in NZB IRF4+/− mice at 3 months of age. By 5 months of age, 80% of NZB IRF4+/− mice developed CLL. CLL cells are derived from B1 cells in mice. Interestingly, NZB IRF4+/− B1 cells exhibit prolonged survival, accelerated self-renewal, and defects in differentiation. Although NZB IRF4+/− CLL cells are resistant to apoptosis, high levels of IRF4 inhibit their survival. High levels of IRF4 also reduce the survival of MEC-1 human CLL cells. Our analysis further reveals that high levels of IRF4 suppress Akt activity and can do so without the IRF4 DNA binding domain. Thus, our findings reveal a causal relationship between a low level of IRF4 and the development of CLL and establish IRF4 as a novel regulator in the pathogenesis of CLL.
Stiripentol is anticonvulsant by potentiating GABAergic transmission in a model of benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus.

Abstract Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are first-line therapy for treatment of status epilepticus (SE). However, BZD treatment is negatively affected by seizure duration due to decreases in BZD-sensitive GABA A receptors during prolonged SE. Stiripentol (STP) is an anticonvulsant that is used as add-on treatment for Dravet Syndrome. Recent studies have shown that STP is a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA A receptor. The subunit selectivity of STP at this receptor suggests that it would be anticonvulsant in both brief as well as prolonged SE. We tested this possibility by comparing the ability of STP and diazepam (DZP), a commonly used BZD, to terminate behavioral convulsions in a rodent model of pharmacoresistant SE. We found that STP was anticonvulsant in this model and remained effective during prolonged SE, unlike DZP which exhibited a 14 fold increase in its ED 50 . Whole cell recording from hippocampal slices from these animals revealed that STP potentiated GABAergic IPSCs, as well as tonic GABAergic current by acting at a site on the GABA A receptor separate from the BDZ binding site. Potentiation of GABAergic currents by STP remained intact during prolonged SE, while potentiation by DZP was lost. Both IPSC potentiation and anticonvulsant activity of STP were greater in younger animals than in adults. These findings suggest that at doses that yield therapeutically relevant concentrations, STP is anticonvulsant by potentiating GABAergic inhibition and that the subunit selectivity profile of STP enables it to remain effective despite GABA A receptor subunit changes during prolonged SE.
Olfactory Function in a Fertile Eunuch With Kallmann Syndrome

ABSTRACT The olfactory and gonadal dysfunction in Kallmann syndrome share a common embryologic pathophysiology. To characterize further the linkage between the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia, the authors performed a detailed evaluation of olfactory function in a patient with Kallmann Syndrome having the rare variant of partial gonadotropin deficiency (fertile eunuch). The subject was seen initially at age 16 years because of delayed puberty. He received testosterone replacement therapy and subsequently completed pubertal development. As an adult, while untreated, he had subnormal levels of serum testosterone, low gonadotropins, and normal response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. He also had impotence that was reversible with testosterone therapy, and a normal sperm count. Despite the mild degree of hypogonadism, olfactory function was completely absent, and the response to nasal trigeminal stimulants was markedly attenuated. Complete anosmia may therefore be associated with gonadotropin deficiency that is only partial; the presence of anosmia does not predict the need for gonadotropin therapy to attain fertility.
Solitons and periodic solutions for the fifth-order KdV equation

Abstract In this work we use the sine–cosine and the tanh methods for solving the fifth-order nonlinear KdV equation. The two methods reveal solitons and periodic solutions. The study confirms the power of the two schemes.
The converse of Gauss's theorem for harmonic functions

where da(v) denotes the element of area on the unit sphere and w, denotes the total area of the unit sphere; I is any positive number such that the sphere of radius t and center x lies inside R. (For a proof, see [6], p. 223). Conversely if f(x) is continuous and (1.1) holds, then f(x) is harmonic ([6], 224). In this paper we concern ourselves with the following question. To what extent can Condition 1.1) be relaxed without invalidating the conclusion that f(x) be harmonic ? We assume that R is the whole space En as the results are somewhat simpler to state for this case. We study the following two problems.
Semantic organization in the young child: Evidence for the development of semantic feature systems ☆

Abstract In two experiments, 5-, 7-, 9-, and 11-year-old children and college students were presented on each trial with a sentence followed by a probe word. Their task was to indicate whether the probe was in the sentence or not. Of primary interest were the false recognitions and the correct latencies that occurred when the probe word was a synonym or antonym of one of the words in the sentence (Experiment I) or when the probe was a subordinate, superordinate, part, or whole (Experiment II). The younger children were more affected by synonymy than antonymy, although the older children and adults were not. At all ages, the categorical relationships caused more recognition confusion than the partwhole relationships. Subjects were more affected when the probe was a superordinate than when it was a subordinate, and somewhat more affected when the probe was the whole than when it was the part. These results suggest that children as young as 5 years of age have well-organized conceptual systems based on shared meaning components.
A serum-soluble factor(s) stimulates tumor growth following laparotomy in a murine model.

Background: Our laboratory and others have previously demonstrated that tumors grow larger and are more easily established following laparotomy than after CO2 pneumoperitoneum. The etiology of increased tumor growth after surgery is unknown. We hypothesized that, following laparotomy, a serum soluble factor(s) is generated that causes tumors to proliferate more rapidly. The purpose of the current study was to determine if in vitro tumor cells proliferate faster when incubated with serum from laparotomized mice than cells incubated with sera from mice who have undergone CO2 pneumoperitoneum or anesthesia alone.
Individual investors' reactions to decimalization: Innovation diffusion in financial markets

Abstract The theory of diffusion of innovation has received extensive research attention for over half a century. The preponderance of that work, however, has chiefly considered major innovations that are disruptive to behavior of potential adopters. Virtually no empirical investigations, though, have considered predictors of seemingly non-distruptive innovations, despite the call for such empiricism. The present study addresses this issue by examining the impact that five key attributes of innovations has on adopters' reactions to the innovation of a frequently purchased service – financial equities or stocks of publicly traded companies. Using the event of the introduction in the United States of the minimum trading interval (or, tick size) of transacting such stocks in intervals of one penny (an event known in the financial and academic community as “decimalization”) as the innovation under investigation, our results indicate that (a) investors' perceptions of the quality of trading in decimals is associated with relative advantage and observability; (b) investors' attitude toward trading in decimals is related to relative advantage, trialability, and complexity; and (c) investors' likelihood of trading in decimals is associated with relative advantage, trialability, and complexity. Implications of our findings for researchers, regulators, and practitioners are provided.
Disability and social theory: new developments and directions

DAN, GOODLEY, BILL, HUGHES, and LENNARD, DAVIS, , 2012, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 348 pp, ISBN 978-0230243255, £57.00 (hardback) The anthology Disability and social theory concerns itself wi...
Effects of diltiazem upon globally ischemic rat hearts.

Abstract Addition of diltiazem (0.0, 0.95, 2.5 or 7.5 μM) to isolated working rat hearts before and during ischemia, produced a concentration-dependent increase in recovery of contractile function. Recovery of post-ischemic pressure-rate product showed a strong relationship with depression of pre-ischemic pressure-rate product, primarily from decreased heart rate before ischemia and increased pressure development following reperfusion. Increased recovery in treated hearts was associated with higher ATP and adenine nucleotide levels (ADN), but no relationship was observed between energy levels and degree of recovery of function or concentration of diltiazem. Hearts made ischemic for 20 min without reperfusion had increased ATP and decreased lactic acid accumulation when treated with 7.5 μM diltiazem. The results indicate contractile-dependent mechanisms of action of diltiazem in global ischemic hearts which can only be partly explained by preservation of ATP and ADN, but also are associated with reduced lactic acid accumulation.
Mechanical program analysis

One means of analyzing program performance is by deriving closed-form expressions for their execution behavior. This paper discusses the mechanization of such analysis, and describes a system, Metric, which is able to analyze simple Lisp programs and produce, for example, closed-form expressions for their running time expressed in terms of size of input. This paper presents the reasons for mechanizing program analysis, describes the operation of Metric, explains its implementation, and discusses its limitations.
Reversibility, irreversibility: restorability, non-restorability

Simple dynamical systems of point particles are irreversible if their motions cannot be retraced merely by reversing their velocity components. More complicated systems, such as those that exhibit steady hysteresis under the cyclic action of external influences, may be locally reversible, globally irreversible, and yet traverse an ordered set of recurrent states. In still more complex situations incorporating memory dependences, hysteresis effects are generally evolutionary or non-recurrent: nevertheless, in special circumstances, it may be possible to achieve a restoration of some prior states. An example based on the behaviour of an elastic-perfectly plastic torsion spring shows that such restorations require processes that are qualitatively more complicated than those associated with the original evolution of the systems. This asymmetry in the complexity of processes provides another means for assigning a direction to the arrow of time.
Loss of Blast Heterogeneity in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Other Chronic Myeloid Neoplasms

ABSTRACT Objectives: Flow cytometry immunophenotyping has been suggested as an adjunctive technique in the evaluation of myeloid malignancies, especially in the myelodysplastic syndromes. However, its use has been limited due to complexity and cost restraints. The goal of this study is to attempt a simpler approach to flow cytometry immunophenotyping in myeloid neoplasms. Methods: We analyzed bone marrow specimens of 45 selected patients and an additional 99 consecutive random patients using a limited antibody panel. Results: Normal CD34-positive blasts show a characteristic pattern of CD13/HLA-DR expression, with three readily identifiable subpopulations. In contrast, myeloid neoplasms frequently show loss of this heterogeneity. Conclusions: Analysis of a limited antibody panel with a focus on CD13/HLA-DR expression provides relatively high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of myeloid neoplasms. Chronic myeloid neoplasms (myelodysplastic syndrome [MDS], myeloproliferative neoplasms [MPNs] and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms [MDSs/MPNs]) are hematopoietic stem cell disorders with variable pathology, clinical presentation, and prognosis. MDS is characterized by maturational abnormalities resulting in blocked differentiation, peripheral blood cytopenias, and an increased risk for developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML). According to the World Health Organization, the diagnosis and classification of MDS are based on a mixed set of parameters, including morphologic features of dysplasia, percentage of blasts, clinical presentation, and cytogenetic findings.
Enzyme induction in the presence of rifampin, an inhibitor of the transcription process

Abstract Acetylornithine δ-transaminase, an enzyme of the arginine pathway, is inducible by arginine in a mutant strain of Escherichia coli W. Rifampin, an inhibitor of initiation of transcription, does not prevent the induction of this enzyme by arginine, whereas actinomycin D completely eliminates the inductive effect of arginine. Furthermore, although rifampin inhibits the growth of this mutant, it, alone, is just as effective as arginine for the induction of the transaminase. The induction of the transaminase by rifampin, as well as by arginine, requires the presence of a functional regulatory gene for arginine.
Surface Area Effects on Efficiency and Biocompatibility in Experimental Membrane Plasmapheresis

: The effect of different surface areas on cellular, humoral, and hemodynamic changes and on plasma separation performance were investigated. Membrane plasmapheresis, consisting of plasma separation and on-line reinfusion, was carried out on dogs for 3 h with 0.6 and 0.3-m2 polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) modules. The plasma separation and sieving performance was comparable in both the 0.6 and 0.3-m2 modules. The initial white blood count (WBC) reductions were independent of the surface area difference, but the rebound was greater in the smaller modules. The platelet (PLT) reductions were less with the 0.3-m2 PE module in comparison to those with the larger PE module, but no differences existed between both of the PVA modules. The smaller PVA module showed less complement activation compared to the 0.6-m2 module, whereas both of the PE modules showed comparable changes. Hemodynamic responses, especially the changes in pulmonary vascular resistance, were less with the smaller modules compared to the 0.6-m2 modules. The PE modules themselves showed less blood cellular, humoral, and hemodynamic changes compared to the PVA modules. The smaller modules showed greater rebound of WBC counts, however, PLT reductions, complement activation, and changes in hemodynamic parameters were less in the smaller modules.
Microstructural evolution of proton irradiated T91

Abstract Understanding radiation effects in ferritic–martensitic alloys is critical for their success in advanced reactor and transmutation systems. The objective of this work is to evaluate the microstructural and mechanical property changes in irradiated ferritic–martensitic alloy T91. Irradiations were conducted with 2.0 MeV protons to doses of 3, 7, and 10 dpa at a dose rate of 2 × 10−5 dpa/s and at temperatures of 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C. The post irradiation microstructure contained a high density of black-dots and a0〈1 0 0〉 dislocation loops in addition to precipitates and tangled dislocations that were present in the unirradiated condition. The irradiated dislocation microstructure is sensitive to the heat treatment. Results show that the irradiated microstructure did not contain any voids or evidence of second phase formation. Hardness increases with dose and tends to saturate around 5 dpa for 400 °C irradiation. Only a portion of irradiation hardening can be accounted for by the observable microstructural features. An initial investigation of the effect of irradiation on prior austenite grain boundary microchemistry revealed that Cr is enriched by 4.7 wt%, V by 0.6 wt% (nearly 300%), and Fe is depleted by 5.3 wt% relative to the bulk values. No segregation was observed in the unirradiated condition. No radiation-induced segregation was observed at martensite lath boundaries. Overall, the irradiated microstructure is consistent with reactor and spallation system experiments.
Antenna radiation characteristics with partially coherent illumination

The radiation characteristics of a partially coherent illuminated antenna are found for both a circular aperture and a linear antenna. The antenna illumination function is assumed to be Gaussian, and the phase structure function in the plane of the antenna is assumed to be of the form cr^{\nu} , with \nu = 1, 5/3 , and 2. The beam broadening and reduction in gain in decibels are found to be of the form Kb^{\alpha} , where K and \alpha are functions of the antenna illumination and the "law" of the phase structure function, and b is a function of the "level" of the phase structure function.
Higher order configural information processing in nonmetric multiple-cue probability learning☆

Abstract Configural information processing in three-dimensional nonmetric multiple-cue probability learning environments was studied. It was found that subjects did utilize configural information of the overall pattern and of subpatterns. This utilization was higher for simpler patterns and for those containing relevant dimensional information. Dimensional information processing was also found and was both stronger than configural information processing and unaffected by the level of configural information utilization. A model by Castellan and Edgell was found not to fit these data.
Life-History of the Dragonfly, Erythemis Simplicicollis (Say)

Calvert (1929) states that within the Order Odonata 13 complete life-history studies have been reported. Since that time Krull (1929) reared Sympetrum vicinum from egg to adult but with special reference to rearing technique rather than to morphological changes, and partial life-history studies by Nevin (1930), Kennedy (1936), and Martin (1939) have appeared. Further investigation of morphological changes occurring in development based on specimens reared from egg to adult seems necessary to place our knowledge of the group on a more accurate basis. For this investigation the ubiquitous “green jacket” Erythemis simplicicollis was selected for detailed life history study.
Quantum contextuality in the Mermin-Peres square : A hidden-variable perspective

The question of a hidden variable interpretation of quantum contextuality in the Mermin-Peres square is considered. The Kochen-Specker theorem implies that quantum mechanics may be interpreted as a contextual hidden-variable theory. It is shown that such a hidden-variable description can be viewed as either contextual in the random variables mapping hidden states to observable outcomes or in the probability measure on the hidden state space. The latter view suggests that this apparent contextuality may be interpreted as a simple consequence of measurement disturbance, wherein the initial hidden state is altered through interaction with the measuring device, thereby giving rise to a possibly different final hidden-variable state from which the measurement outcome is obtained. In light of this observation, a less restrictive and, arguably, more reasonable definition of noncontextuality is suggested. To prove that such a description is possible, an explicit and, in this sense, noncontextual hidden-variable model is constructed, which reproduces all quantum theoretic predictions for the Mermin-Peres square. A critical analysis of some recent and proposed experimental tests of contextuality is also provided. Although the discussion is restricted to a four-dimensional Hilbert space, the approach and conclusions are expected to generalize to any Hilbert space.
Biomechanics of the spinal cord

Although the spinal cord has a vital role in the function of the central nervous system, there have been relatively few investigations into its biomechanical and physical properties. Therefore, knowledge is comparatively limited in this regard. A definition of the basic physical behavior of the spinal cord and its response to stress provides valuable insight into the pathophysiology and the potential management strategies of its disease states. The spinal cord is a dynamic structure contained within the bony spinal canal, which while rigid, undergoes significant geometric changes with the physiologic movements of flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending. The unique physical properties of the spinal cord allow it to adapt to the physiologic and anatomic changes in the length and cross-sectional area of the spinal canal, while maintaining neurological function. However, alterations of the spinal canal secondary to trauma, neoplasm, deformity, instability, or the degenerative process can generate stresses on the spinal cord that can lead to pathologic dysfunction. In addition, alterations of the mechanical behavior of the spinal cord, such as that associated with spinal cord tethering, can also generate stresses that produce dysfunction. The onset, duration, and intensity of these stresses define the magnitude and potential reversibility of the spinal cord dysfunction. Within the confines of the bony canal, the spinal cord is invested in the soft-tissue structures of the pia arachnoid and dura mater, and the dentate ligament, epidural fat, and veins. It is bathed in cerebrospinal fluid. These structures also contribute to the biomechanical and physical behavior of the spinal cord.
Residues of the eta function for an operator of Dirac type

Abstract We compute the asymptotics of Tr L 2 ( Pe −tp 2 ) where P is a first order operator of Dirac type; this is equivalent to evaluating the residues of the eta function.
Generalized spatial dirichlet process models

SUMMARY Many models for the study of point-referenced data explicitly introduce spatial random effects to capture residual spatial association. These spatial effects are customarily modelled as a zeromean stationary Gaussian process. The spatial Dirichlet process introduced by Gelfand et al. (2005) produces a random spatial process which is neither Gaussian nor stationary. Rather, it varies about a process that is assumed to be stationary and Gaussian. The spatial Dirichlet process arises as a probability-weighted collection of random surfaces. This can be limiting for modelling and inferential purposes since it insists that a process realization must be one of these surfaces. We introduce a random distribution for the spatial effects that allows different surface selection at different sites. Moreover, we can specify the model so that the marginal distribution of the effect at each site still comes from a Dirichlet process. The development is offered constructively, providing a multivariate extension of the stick-breaking representation of the weights. We then introduce mixing using this generalized spatial Dirichlet process. We illustrate with a simulated dataset of independent replications and note that we can embed the generalized process within a dynamic model specification to eliminate the independence assumption.
Aggression management and sex and racial differences in mortality.

Field (1963) suggested that adding the homicide rate to the suicide rate for a society could give a measure of its general aggressiveness, while subtracting the suicide rate from the homicide race could give a measure of its rendency to direct aggression outward versus inward. Field correlated these two measures with other causes of death over the scares of America and found that some causes of death were ecologically correlated with one and others with the other. Lester (1973) has replicated his general findings. Field's results enable some causes of death to be categorized as common in societies wirh high general aggressiveness while others are common in societies wirh high outwardly directed aggression. The present study sought to examine whether particular subgroups of the population are more prone to these particular causes of death. Specifically, racial and sexual differences in mortality were examined. Data were taken from the Vital Statistics of the USA for 1952. (Field obtained his results for 1947-1951.) For each cause of death considered by Field, the number of deaths as a proportion of the total number of deaths was computed for each sex-by-race subgroup of the population. For causes of dearh correlared with the two indexes, the sex differences in mortality proved noo-significant (for the contingency tables X' = 1.68, df = 1; Fisher exact p = 0.08, respectively). The rendency was for males to have a higher mortality from causes of dearh significantly related to high general aggressiveness and from causes significantly related to low outwardly directed aggression.': For causes of death significantly correlated with general aggressiveness, whites had a higher mortality for causes negatively related to this index while nonwhites had a higher mortality for causes positively related to it (Fisher exact p = 0.000005). For causes of death significantly correlated with aggression directed out vs in, whites had a higher mortality from causes of death negatively related to the index while nonwhites had a higher mortality from causes positively related to it (Fisher exact p = 0.000005) .? The results appear consistent. Whites have a lower lethal aggression rate (the combined suicide and homicide rate) than do nonwhites, and they also have a lower mortality from causes of death positively related (in ecological correlations over states) to the lethal aggression rate. Similarly, whites tend to direct aggression inwardly more than nonwhites and they also have a higher mortality from causes of death positively related ro expressing aggression inwardly. While the results for males and females were not significant, the direction of the results was consistent with the above analysis.
Sterols as source indicators of organic materials in sediments

Abstract The sterol contents of plankton and sediment samples have been determined. Cholesterol, 22-dehydrocholesterol, brassicasterol, campesterol, 24-methylenecholesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol are the major sterols in these samples. Systematic variations have been observed in the compositions of the sterols from bay and Gulf of Mexico plankton and from sediments collected in the mouth of the Aransas River, Capano Bay, Aransas Bay, Corpus Christi Bay and the Gulf near Port Aransas. The concentration of cholesterol increases as the concentration of β-sitosterol decreases in the sample sequence of river inlet sediments-bay sediments-Gulf sediments-bay and Gulf plankton. Calculations based on either the cholesterol or the β-sitosterol contents of the sterol fractions of the fresh water sediments and the Gulf plankton and sediments suggest that 34% of the sterols in the Gulf sediments are derived from terrigenous sources.
Identification of a High-Molecular-Weight Cellular Protein Complex Containing the Adenovirus DNA Binding Protein

Abstract The adenovirus DNA binding protein (DBP) functions in a number of diverse processes that include viral DNA replication and host range determination. A subpopulation of DBP has been found to exist in a high-molecular-weight (HMWDBP) complex of greater than 650 kDa. This complex was stable to high salt and low levels of detergent in the presence of DTT at 4°. While the complex prepared in high salt was devoid of nucleic acid, it retained its ability to bind to ssDNA. Electron microscopic (EM) analysis in the presence of M13 ssDNA verified its interaction with ssDNA. The complex exists as particles approximately 25-30 nm based on EM analysis of negatively stained samples in the absence of DNA. No viral replication components were detected in the HMWDBP complex, suggesting that it is not a viral replication complex. The HMWDBP complex prepared under a variety of infection conditions contained a consistent set of proteins. HMWDBP complex was also detected in the absence of viral infection in gmDBP6 cells (a HeLa cell derivative that expresses DBP from the dexamethasone-inducible MMTV promoter). These results suggest that the components of the complex, other than DBP, are host encoded.
Experience-grounded semantics: a theory for intelligent systems

An experience-grounded semantics is introduced for an intelligent reasoning system, which is adaptive, and works with insufficient knowledge and resources. According to this semantics, truth and meaning are defined with respect to the experience of the system - the truth value of a statement indicates the amount of available evidence, and the meaning of a term indicates its experienced relations with other terms. The major difference between experience-grounded semantics and model-theoretic semantics is that the former does not assume the sufficiency of knowledge and resources. This approach provides new ideas to the solution of some important problems in cognitive science.
Population Thinning to Control Furunculosis in Steelhead

Abstract Furunculosis, which is caused by Aeromonas salmonicida, is a major source of mortalities at hatcheries rearing coldwater fish species, such as salmonids. Thinning and density reduction during an outbreak may be a viable method to control mortality. In this study, we tested whether a significant reduction in mortality would occur if an infected stock were split into smaller populations. A subpopulation of infected steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss was removed from a raceway and split among 12 troughs to test for mortality differences between high-density (3.99 fish/L) and low-density (1.59 fish/L) populations and between fish treated with Terramycin-medicated feed and fish given nonmedicated feed. Fish placed in the high-density troughs were 1.6 times more likely to die than those in the low-density troughs. Fish fed nonmedicated feed were 5.8 times more likely to die than those fed medicated feed. Additional observations of mortality differences between high (4.69 and 4.45 fish/L) and low densities (...
Imaging the heterogeneity of mineral surface reactivity using Ag(I) and synchrotron X-ray microscopy

Microscopic-scale imaging of reduced zones on the surfaces of minerals can be achieved by reaction with dilute Ag(I) solutions and subsequent analysis using synchrotron X-ray microscopy (XRM) above the Ag K-edge (25.5 keV). The principal reductant is Fe(II), but other reductants such as sulfide may contribute. Reduced zones may exist instrinsically, as in the structure of biotite and augite, or may be generated by reaction with chemical agents such as dithionite or treatment with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). We demonstrate the method on flakes of specular hematite and biotite, as well as on thin sections of different rocks (arfvedsonitic granite, oolitic hematite, diabase, and quartz conglomerate) treated with SRB, and discuss possible artifacts that can occur. To our knowledge, this is the only microscopic technique that can image Fe(II) zones on the surface of an Fe-bearing mineral with monolayer sensitivity.