cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forwarding redundancy in opportunistic mobile networks: Investigation and elimination

Opportunistic mobile networks consist of mobile devices which are intermittently connected via short-range radios. Forwarding in such networks relies on selecting relays to carry and deliver data to destinations upon opportunistic contacts. Due to the intermittent network connectivity, relays in current for- warding schemes are selected separately in a distributed manner. The contact capabilities of relays hence may overlap when they contact the same nodes and cause forwarding redundancy .T his redundancy reduces the efficiency of resource utilization in the network, and may impair the forwarding performance if being ignored. In this paper, based on experimental investigations on the characteristics of forwarding redundancy in realistic mobile networks, we propose methods to eliminate unnecessary for- warding redundancy and ensure efficient utilization of network resources. We first develop techniques to eliminate forwarding redundancy with global network information, and then improve these techniques to be operable in a fully distributed manner with limited network information.
Abstract B71: Potential role of hemoglobin in colorectal cancer initiation in inflammatory bowel disease setting.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recognized high risk condition to develop colorectal cancer (CRC) and other intestinal cancers. Several risk factors have been described, allowing preventive strategies to focus on these patients: extensive long-standing disease, severity of inflammation, family history of CRC and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Aims: While using MALDI MS tissue profiling, we found a unique spectral peak at mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) 5045 to be more intense in inflamed colon samples from IBD patients compared to adjacent normal tissue and/ or diverticulosis (DV). We investigated this signal as a possible transforming factor in CRC initiation, in the setting of IBD. Methods: We profiled colonic mucosal and submucosal layers of 99 IBD patients for biomarkers that differentiated ulcerative colitis (UC) from Crohn's colitis (CC). We determined these unique differentiating proteins by histology-directed proteomic profiling using MALDI MS; protein identification utilized LC/MS/MS. We tested DNA damage by exposing an identified protein to a normal colonic epithelial cell-line (NCM 356). DNA damage was tested by comet assay. Results: LC-MS/MS identified m/z 5045 in CC/UC subjects as triply charged free hemoglobin ion chain (Hb). Validation studies used protein extracts and tissues from full thickness samples from UC, CC, and diverticulosis (DV, controls) subjects. Both CC and UC mucosal and submucosal samples were strongly positive for Hb-α. However, DV staining was restricted to erythrocytes found in submucosal capillaries. There was no significant difference in Hb-α level between UC and CC; however UC and CC levels were significantly higher than those in DV samples (p< 0.006 and p< 0.0001, respectively). When normal colonocytes (1x105 cells/ml) were exposed to Hb (300μM for 4 hours), there was clear DNA damage analyzed by comet assay. We noted macrophage erythrophagocytosis of extravasated erythrocytes. Conclusion: Free Hb was found in UC/CC but not DV mucosa/submucosa tissue. Free Hb resulted from extravasated macrophage erythrophagocytosis. Hb significantly induced DNA-damage of normal epithelial colonocytes (NCM356). DNA-damage could potentially increase risks for CRC transformation. Further elucidative studies are underway. Citation Format: Laura A. Franklin, Joan C. Smith, Billy R. Ballard, Erin H. Seeley, Mary K. Washington, Jeremy L. Norris, Kevin L. Schey, Harold L. Moses, Richard M. Caprioli, Samuel E. Adunyah, Amosy E. M'Koma. Potential role of hemoglobin in colorectal cancer initiation in inflammatory bowel disease setting. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B71.
Isolated Limb Infusion With Cytotoxic Agents: A Simplified Approach for Venous Access

BACKGROUND: Isolated limb infusion (ILI) of cytotoxic agents is a regional therapy for cutaneous malignancies in a single extremity. Conventional ILI technique requires retrograde catheterization of the contralateral femoral vein. A novel modified ILI technique uses an ipsilateral popliteal venous approach. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of ILI using the 2 different approaches. METHODS: Data from patients who underwent lower-extremity ILI at the authors' institution between October 2005 and June 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The authors compared the 2 ILI approaches with regard to overall procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and the number of callbacks to the operating room (OR) for flow-related issues. The Student t test and Fisher exact test were used. Adverse events, including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the treated limb, were recorded. RESULTS: Between October 2005 and June 2008, 67 lower-extremity ILI procedures (15 using a contralateral venous access approach and 52 using an ipsilateral venous access approach) were performed in 62 patients (28 men and 34 women aged 31-82 years). The mean fluoroscopy times for the contralateral and ipsilateral groups were 17.9 and 8.3 minutes, respectively (P = .0019). No significant difference in the overall procedure time and number of callbacks to the OR for flow-related issues between the 2 groups was identified. CONCLUSIONS: The ipsilateral popliteal venous approach is a simplified and safe ILI technique with significantly lower overall fluoroscopy procedure times required for catheter placement and no difference in catheter-related adverse events, when compared with the conventional contralateral approach. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Experimental measurement of optical phase in microdisk resonators

The optical phase characteristics of an InP vertically coupled microdisk were experimentally demonstrated for the first time. Overcoming material losses through current injection allowed us to observe the phase behavior in all three coupling regimes.
Treatment of Neurodegenerative Ataxias With Intravenous Immune Globulin

Background: Neurodegenerative ataxias, including spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), are progressive diseases without effective treatment. There is preclinical evidence that inflammation may contribute to neuronal injury in several neurodegenerative ataxias. Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is a therapeutic modality that is used as treatment of several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Methods: The primary objective of this open-label pilot study was to assess the effect of IVIG on neurodegenerative ataxias as measured by total scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) score. Three patients received IVIG (2 g/kg of body weight, divided over 5 days) once monthly for 3 months, and were evaluated before the first infusion, 2 weeks after each infusion, as well as 28 and 56 days following the final course of treatment. Secondary measures included SARA subsection scores and gait assessment using the GAITRite ® Walkway System. Another SCA 3 patient at a different site was treated with six monthly courses of IVIG, and assessed with the SARA score. Results: Three out of five patients completed the open-label study (SCA 3, a neurodegenerative ataxia associated with an aprataxin genetic variant, and late onset cerebellar ataxia (LOCA) patient). All three patients demonstrated improvement in the SARA score following IVIG. SARA total scores improved by 30-50% and gait sub-scores improved by 20-50% after the last course of IVIG. Clinical improvements attenuated approximately 2 months following the last infusion. The SCA 3 patient treated at another site with a longer protocol had even greater improvement in the SARA score. Conclusions: IVIG may have therapeutic efficacy in neurodegen erative ataxias, including SCA and LOCA.
Recursive approaching signal filter

A filter called the recursive approaching signal filter (RASF) is mathematically derived based on a recursive computation of the previous filtering output. A key aspect of the RASF is that it can be transformed into other linear or nonlinear filters or their combination by changing a parameter. Special attention is paid to the effect of varying this parameter on the behavior of the RASF. When tested with model data, the RASF compares favorably with other methods in removal of noise, having better edge and detailed information preservation properties and computational simplicity. >
Mutations in TDP-43 link glycine-rich domain functions to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult motor neuron disease that affects approximately 2/100,000 individuals each year worldwide. Patients with ALS suffer from rapidly progressive degeneration of motor neurons ultimately leading to death. The major pathological features observed in post-mortem tissue from patients with ALS are motor neuron loss, cortical spinal tract degeneration, gliosis and cytoplasmic neuronal inclusions formed by TDP-43 or TAR DNA binding Protein with a molecular mass of 43 kDa, which are now recognized as the signature lesions of sporadic ALS. TDP-43 possesses two RNA binding domains (RBD) and a glycine-rich C terminus classifying it with other heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins known as 2XRBD-Gly proteins. A number of reports showed that a subset of patients with ALS possess mutations in the TDP-43 (TARDBP) gene. This further strengthens the hypotheses that gain of toxic function or loss of function in TDP-43 causes ALS. Currently, 29 different TARDBP missense mutations have been reported in 51 unrelated sporadic or familial ALS cases and two cases of ALS plus concomitant frontotemporal lobar degeneration with a remarkable concentration of mutations in the C-terminal glycine-rich domain of TDP-43. As these mutations will most certainly be an invaluable tool for the design and implementation of ALS animal and cell models, as well as serve as a platform for exploring the pathobiology of TDP-43, here we summarize the identified pathogenic TARDBP mutations and their potential impact on our understanding of the role of TDP-43 in disease.
Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Mexico City and San Antonio, Texas

Because the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in Mexico is largely unknown, we examined the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and myocardial infarction (MI) in adults from low-income colonias in Mexico City. Data were collected as part of the Mexico City Diabetes Study, a population-based survey of diabetes and cardiovascular disease conducted between 1987 and 1992. Results were compared with those obtained from a comparable survey conducted previously among low-income Mexican Americans in San Antonio, Tex. A total of 2271 individuals between the ages of 35 and 64 years from Mexico City and 1143 adults of the same age range from San Antonio were studied. Despite being leaner and having lower levels of total cholesterol, Mexicans in Mexico City had markedly higher levels of triglycerides (P < .001) and lower levels of HDL cholesterol (P < .001) than Mexican Americans in San Antonio. MI was assessed by Minnesota-coded electrocardiograms and by a self-reported history of physician-diagnosed heart attack. In men, the prevalence of self-reported heart attack was significantly higher in San Antonio than in Mexico City (odds ratio, 5.85; P < .001), and in women, the prevalence of electrocardiogram-documented MI was significantly higher in San Antonio than Mexico City (odds ratio, 2.51; P < .001). The apparent excess of MI in San Antonio relative to Mexico City could be due to higher case-fatality in Mexico City or to a higher incidence in San Antonio.
The influence of hope on appraisals, coping, and dysphoria : A test of hope theory

Abstract A path model examining the influence of hope on appraisals, coping, and dysphoria was assessed in a sample of 341 college students. Results indicated that hope had a significant influence on secondary appraisal and coping. Moreover, in contrast to Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) view that appraisals and coping are sufficient predictors of adjustment, hope also was found to be an important predictor of dysphoria independent of the influences of appraisals and coping. These findings are taken to provide support for Snyder's (1994) hope theory in predicting psychological adjustment.
Priming contour-deleted images: evidence for intermediate representations in visual object recognition.

The speed and accuracy of perceptual recognition of a briefly presented picture of an object is facilitated by its prior presentation. Picture priming tasks were used to assess whether the facilitation is a function of the repetition of: (a) the object's image features (viz., vertices and edges), (b) the object model (e.g., that it is a grand piano), or (c) a representation intermediate between (a) and (b) consisting of convex or singly concave components of the object, roughly corresponding to the object's parts. Subjects viewed pictures with half their contour removed by deleting either (a) every other image feature from each part, or (b) half the components. On a second (primed) block of trials, subjects saw: (a) the identical image that they viewed on the first block, (b) the complement which had the missing contours, or (c) a same name-different exemplar of the object class (e.g., a grand piano when an upright piano had been shown on the first block). With deletion of features, speed and accuracy of naming identical and complementary images were equivalent, indicating that none of the priming could be attributed to the features actually present in the image. Performance with both types of image enjoyed an advantage over that with the different exemplars, establishing that the priming was visual rather than verbal or conceptual. With deletion of the components, performance with identical images was much better than that with their complements. The latter were equivalent to the different exemplars, indicating that all the visual priming of an image of an object is through the activation of a representation of its components in specified relations. In terms of a recent neural net implementation of object recognition (Hummel & Biederman, in press), the results suggest that the locus of object priming may be at changes in the weight matrix for a geon assembly layer, where units have self-organized to represent combinations of convex or singly concave components (or geons) and their attributes (e.g., aspect ratio, orientation, and relations with other geons such as TOP-OF). The results of these experiments provide evidence for the psychological reality of intermediate representations in real-time visual object recognition.
Lack of requirement of osteopontin for inflammation, bone erosion, and cartilage damage in the K/BxN model of autoantibody-mediated arthritis.

Objective. Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted glycoprotein involved in a range of physiologic processes, including inflammation, immunity mediated by Th1 cells, and bone remodeling. It is expressed in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients and has been the subject of conflicting reports concerning its role in arthritis induced by antibodies against type II collagen. This study assessed the role of OPN in the K/BxN serum-transfer model of autoantibody-induced arthritis. Methods. Expression of OPN gene transcripts was assessed by microarray analysis of ankle RNA taken at 6 time points after transfer of K/BxN serum. OPN-sufficient or OPN-deficient littermates backcrossed for 10 generations onto the C57BL/6 genetic background were given K/BxN serum. Arthritis severity was measured by ankle thickening and a clinical index. Hind limb sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or toluidine blue and scored for inflammation, cartilage damage, and bone erosion. Results. OPN messenger RNA transcripts progressively increased in ankle joints during the course of K/BxN serum-transferred arthritis. OPN-deficient mice receiving K/BxN serum developed arthritis with kinetics and clinical severity comparable with those of OPN-sufficient littermates. Histologic assessment of arthritic joints from OPN-deficient mice revealed synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, mononuclear cell infiltration, bone erosion, cartilage damage at sites adjacent to and distal from pannus invasion, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells at sites of bone erosion. Histopathologic scoring demonstrated comparable levels of inflammation, cartilage damage, and bone erosion in OPN-sufficient and OPN-deficient mice. Conclusion. OPN does not have a required role in inflammation, bone erosion, and cartilage damage in the K/BxN serum-transfer model.
Pulmonary Vein Stenosis After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Arrhythmias

A 78-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of worsening dyspnea, orthopnea, and cough with hemoptysis. Her past medical history was significant for hypertension and severe mitral regurgitation for which she had undergone mitral valve repair 3 years previously. In addition, she had recurrent atrial tachycardia requiring 2 radiofrequency ablations, which included ablation of several left-sided pathways. The last ablation was performed 3 months before her presentation. A transesophageal echocardiogram was performed and showed turbulent Doppler flow and increased systolic and diastolic velocities in the right lower (Figure 1) and left upper pulmonary veins. A …
Clinicopathological features of extramedullary recurrence/relapse of multiple myeloma

Extramedullary relapses of multiple myeloma (MM) during the course of disease are rare. We report a series of six patients with primary intramedullary MM that were treated with immunomodulatory therapy and/or stem cell transplant, and that later developed extramedullary relapses at various body sites. These six cases represent 3.9% of the 156 patients treated for MM at our institution over a 9-yr period (1999-2007). Five (83.3%) of the six cases showed immature/high-grade histology in the extramedullary relapses as compared with their antecedent MM. The neural cell adhesion molecule, CD56, was immunohistochemically demonstrable in 75% (three of four) of the original myelomas tested, but was absent in 83.3% (five of six) of their extramedullary relapses. The disease typically behaved aggressively and was rapidly fatal in all six patients even when therapy was administered. The median time of progression to extramedullary relapse was 29 months (range 9-64 months), and the median survival after diagnosis of the relapses was only 38 d (range 1-106 d). Our case series shows that extramedullary relapse of MM is characterized by high-grade histology, loss of CD56 expression, frequent resistance to current therapeutic regimens, aggressive biological behavior, and very short survival.
Shape Measures for Triangles

We compare a variety of triangle shape measures using concepts such as smoothness and convexity. We show that one of these measures, the elongation measure, lends itself to an intuitive geometric interpretation.
Salicylate intoxication and influenza in ferrets.

Summary detailed history by an investigator who was also familiar with the many preparations other than aspirin that contain salicylates. A mode1 salic~late intoxication was in ferrets Therefore, salicylates seemed to be the best candidate for a copermit the evaluation of the interaction with viruses isolated from factor, although other agents may be involved on occasion, patients with Reye's syndrome. Salicylate intoxication produced Animal models can provide an approach to diseases with a a mild elevation of the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase multifactorial etiology because the etiologic factors can be manipand fatty changes in the liver, but these changes differed from ulated independently. Therefore, to test the hypothesis that acute those seen in eye's syndrome on light and electron microsco~~. salicylate intoxication interacts with viral infection to produce RS, Salicylates were associated with decreased activity of hepatic a model of salicylate intoxication in ferrets was developed and phosphovlase and a slight depression of activity of ornithine utilized to evaluate the effect of virus pius salicylates. The ferret transcarbam~lase, a mitochondria1 urea cycle enzyme- Infection selected for these studies because it is the only animal that with influenza viruses produced mild fatty changes in the liver, but could be infected easily with influenza viruses isolated from did not significantly potentiate the effects of salicylate intoxication patients with RS, and it develops an illness similar to human on the over-all mortality, the degree of fatty changes, or the influenza (15). hepatic enzymes. influenza infection alone was not associated with decreased hepatic phosphorylase activity, but was associated with decreased activity of ornithine transcarbamylase. Influenza A was MATERIALS AND METHODS isolated from the livers of two of four animals cultured in embrySTUDY PLAN
GRAVITY AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF LEAF SHAPE IN THE TREES OF SASSAFRAS ALBIDUM

SUMMARY Studies of leaf distribution in the North American Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees revealed marked excesses of lobed leaves, above random expectation, attached to the gravitationally lowermost three-eighths of branches, although some leaves of the ovate, two-lobed, and threelobed shapes were found in all attachment positions. Ovate leaves predominate along the upper surface, and at the base and apex of branches. Air-dry weights of leaves of all three shapes proved significantly heavier at lower and mid-branch attachment positions. Ovate leaves on secondary branchlets were shown to be significantly more lanceolate than those on primary branches. No consistent pattern of lobed-leaf frequency relative to the concept of 'juvenile' and 'mature' foliage could be detected. The 'thumb-lobes' of two-lobed leaves were found to occur with significantly greater frequency on the apically directed, gravitationally lower edges of laterallyattached leaves. Speculation on the possible role of starch grains or similar heavy-bodied entities, as determinants of leaf-lobing, is presented.
Real-time computer control of a multilevel converter using the mathematical theory of resultants

The mathematical theory of resultants is used to compute the switching angles in a multilevel converter so that it produces the required fundamental voltage while at the same time cancels out unwanted order harmonics. Experimental results are given for the three dc source case. It is shown that for a range of the modulation index the switching angles can be chosen to produce the desired fundamental while at the same time the fifth and seventh harmonics are identically zero.
Tumor volume to fetal weight ratio as an early prognostic classification for fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma

Abstract Purpose This study was designed to develop a prognostic factor for fetuses with sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) that may be useful to predict outcome and guide counseling early in pregnancy. We hypothesize that, in fetuses with SCT, the ratio of tumor size to estimated fetal weight in the second trimester predicts outcome. Methods We retrospectively reviewed charts of all patients evaluated at our Fetal Center for SCT between 2004 and 2009. Estimated fetal weight and tumor volume were calculated based on prenatal ultrasound or fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were stratified based on tumor volume to fetal weight ratio (TFR), and their outcomes were analyzed by Fisher's Exact test. Results Tumor volume to fetal weight ratio before 24 weeks' gestation was predictive of outcome. Those with a TFR less than or equal to 0.12 (n = 5) had a significantly better outcome than patients with a TFR greater than 0.12 (n = 5, P Conclusion In our series of fetuses with SCT, TFR before 24 weeks' gestation correlates with outcome. This novel, prenatal diagnostic tool may be useful in prenatal counseling and for early identification of high-risk fetuses.
Effects of Lake Characteristics and Human Disturbance on the Presence of Piscivorous Birds in Northern Wisconsin, USA

Abstract Despite current anthropogenic alterations to riparian areas and littoral zones of lakes, little information is available on how human-induced alterations affect lacustrine habitat use by many piscivorous birds in northern Wisconsin, USA. The influence of lake characteristics and human disturbance on species richness and the presence of seven species of piscivorous birds was determined on 98 lakes located primarily in Vilas and Oneida counties, Wisconsin. Lakes were surveyed for species presence using shoreline perimeter surveys with total searching time standardized to two, one-hour surveys per lake. Piscivorous bird species richness was highest on large lakes with high pH levels. Using logistic regression, many species were found to be present on lakes possessing characteristics associated with high abundances of fish, including lake surface area, pH, and water clarity. At least one of these variables was included in the final models for species richness and presence of the Common Merganser (Mer...
Relationship of visceral adipose tissue and glucose disposal is independent of sex in black NIDDM subjects

To determine the interrelationship among insulin action, total or regional adiposity, and sex, we measured insulin-mediated glucose disposal by the euglycemic insulin clamp and adipose distribution using computed axial tomography (22 scans) in 32 black men and 20 black women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (age 48 +/- 9 and 54 +/- 9 yr, body mass index 26.3 +/- 2.3 and 27.2 +/- 2.6 kg/m2, respectively). Women had approximately 80% more total and subcutaneous fat volume than men (31.8 +/- 8.3 vs. 18.6 +/- 6.1 and 28.5 +/- 7.3 vs. 14.7 +/- 4.6 liters) and less muscle volume (22.9 +/- 3.7 vs. 35.1 +/- 3.8 liters). Visceral fat volume did not differ between men and women (3.49 +/- 1.65 vs. 2.96 +/- 1.22 liters). Despite these body composition differences, an inverse nonlinear relationship existed between glucose disposal and visceral fat independent of sex (r = -0.58, P < 0.0001; men r = -0.60 and women r = -0.59; the slope and intercept were not different in men and women). Visceral fat explained a significant portion (34%) of variance in insulin-mediated glucose disposal, whereas total or subcutaneous fat and sex did not. Visceral fat appears to affect glucose disposal over a restricted range (up to approximately 2.5 l/m2 body surface area.
The role of economic policy uncertainty in the US entrepreneurship-unemployment nexus

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on the entrepreneurship-unemployment nexus to include the role of economic policy uncertainty in the causal dynamics. Design/methodology/approach – The study utilizes the Toda-Yamamoto causality tests of a vector autoregressive (VAR) model to infer the causal dynamics between the self-employment rate (SER), the unemployment rate (UR), industrial production (IP), and the economic policy uncertainty index (EPUI) in the case of the USA. In addition to the examination of the causal dynamics, generalize impulse response analysis is undertaken to examine the role of unexpected shocks to the current and future behavior of the variables specified in the VAR model. Findings – The results reveal unidirectional causality from the SER, IP, and the EPUI to the UR. An increase in the SER and IP lowers the UR while an increase in the EPUI raises the UR. The findings also show unidirectional causality from the EPUI to IP in which an increase in the EPUI redu...
What Will the Teaching of Be like in Ten Years

(1968). What Will the Teaching of Be like in Ten Years? Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 30-31.
Panel Discussion on Assistance to Developing Colleges

(1970). Panel Discussion on Assistance to Developing Colleges. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 398-401.
Proteus mirabilis and its role in dacryocystitis.

PURPOSE Dacryocystitis is a common inflammation of the lacrimal sac, usually from an underlying bacterial infection. Most cases can be attributed to common ocular flora such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae; however, uncommon bacterial causes such as Proteus mirabilis can still occur. P. mirabilis is a gram-negative bacillus that is found abundantly in people who have undergone long-term catheterization and is uncommonly found in or around the eyes except in people who have undergone long-term catheterization. Proteus species can cause conjunctivitis, canaliculitis, and dacryocystitis and have the ability to manifest into preseptal cellulitis; therefore, timely recognition and treatment are important to prevent potential further complications. CASE REPORT An 84-year-old white man had several recurrences of acute dacryocystitis that had marginal improvement with empiric antibiotic treatment. Resultant culture of the ocular discharge revealed an uncommon bacterium, P. mirabilis. Successful dosing of oral antibiotics resolved the infection but ultimately the patient required an external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) procedure to maintain patency of the nasolacrimal lacrimal system and prevent recurrence. At 3 months after external DCR, the patient was symptom free with no recurrences. CONCLUSIONS Dacryocystitis has a distinctive clinical presentation and is usually easily treated when appropriate oral antibiotics are directed at the underlying pathogen. In nonresponsive cases, culturing of the ocular discharge should be performed to identify the underlying pathogen. Cases of dacryocystitis caused by Proteus species are usually responsive to several standard antibiotics used orally in eye care; however, culturing and susceptibility testing can streamline the diagnostic and management sequence considerably in unclear or unresponsive cases. Typically, patients with dacryocystitis return to normal after appropriate treatment, but chronic recurrences and epiphora are potential sequelae. Patients should be educated that a DCR surgical procedure may be needed to prevent future recurrences in some cases.
Resistance of Native Sunflowers (Asterales: Asteraceae) to the Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae)

Six native sunflower, Helianthus , species were evaluated for resistance to the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, a pest of cultivated sunflower in the northern Great Plains. Larval survival and oviposition preference by female C. hospes on the capitula (heads) of the native sunflowers H. annuus L., H. petiolaris Nuttall, H. maximiliani Schrader, H. tuberosus L., H. pauciflorus Nuttall ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydberg) Spring & Schilling, and H. nuttallii ssp. rydbergii (Britton) Long were evaluated in the field and laboratory, respectively. Larval development occurred on the capitula of all sunflowerspecies tested. Larval survival was higher on H. annuus than on any other species. The lowest larval survival, based on the percentage of capitula infested, occurred on H. maximiliani , H. pauciflorus , and H. tuberosus . More eggs were laid on the capitula of H. annuus than on other species in multiple-choice trials. In 2-choice tests, H. tuberosus received significantly fewer eggs than H. annuus . Both larval antibiosis and oviposition antixenosis resistance were evident in the perennial sunflower species H. pauciflorus , H. tuberosus , and H. maximiliani . Incorporating germplasm from these species into commercial hybrids could be helpful in reducing costs for the control of the banded sunflower moth.
Frailty is superior to age in predicting outcomes in geriatric trauma patients: a prospective analysis

Frailty is superior to age in predicting outcomes in geriatric trauma patients: a prospective analysis Viraj Pandit, MD*, Bellal Joseph, MD, FACS, Peter M Rhee, MD, MPH, FACS, Hassan Aziz, MD, Narong Kulvatunyou, MD, FACS, Julie L Wynne, MD, FACS, Andrew L Tang, MD, FACS, Terence O’Keeffe, MBChB, FACS, MSPH, Gary A Vercruysse, MD, FACS, Randall S Friese, MD, FACS The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
Stability of multielectron bubbles in liquid helium

The stability of multi-electron bubbles in liquid helium is investigated theoretically. We find that multi-electron bubbles are unstable against fission whenever the pressure is positive. It is shown that for moving bubbles the Bernoulli effect can result in a range of pressures over which the bubbles are stable.
Sport without referees? The power of the International Olympic Committee and the social politics of accountability

As governor of the world’s pre-eminent sporting event, the International Olympic Committee exercises considerable power on the world stage. It has also been widely accused of corruption, corporate ...
Quantifying shallow subsurface water and heat dynamics using coupled hydrological-thermal-geophysical inversion

Abstract. Improving our ability to estimate the parameters that control water and heat fluxes in the shallow subsurface is particularly important due to their strong control on recharge, evaporation and biogeochemical processes. The objectives of this study are to develop and test a new inversion scheme to simultaneously estimate subsurface hydrological, thermal and petrophysical parameters using hydrological, thermal and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data. The inversion scheme – which is based on a nonisothermal, multiphase hydrological model – provides the desired subsurface property estimates in high spatiotemporal resolution. A particularly novel aspect of the inversion scheme is the explicit incorporation of the dependence of the subsurface electrical resistivity on both moisture and temperature. The scheme was applied to synthetic case studies, as well as to real datasets that were autonomously collected at a biogeochemical field study site in Rifle, Colorado. At the Rifle site, the coupled hydrological-thermal-geophysical inversion approach well predicted the matric potential, temperature and apparent resistivity with the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency criterion greater than 0.92. Synthetic studies found that neglecting the subsurface temperature variability, and its effect on the electrical resistivity in the hydrogeophysical inversion, may lead to an incorrect estimation of the hydrological parameters. The approach is expected to be especially useful for the increasing number of studies that are taking advantage of autonomously collected ERT and soil measurements to explore complex terrestrial system dynamics.
Elimination of Tungsten-voids in middle-of-line contacts for advanced planar CMOS AND FinFET technology

As dimension of middle-of-line contacts scale down, the Tungsten (W) gap-fill capability is critical, and we starts to see function failure in SRAM and logic circuit caused by W-voids. We had observed that formation of W-voids is related to the contact profile, nucleation/barrier on sidewall, and deposition methods. Furthermore, even those initially "good" W-plugs are formed, the subsequent process steps may damage the W-plug toward voids and they lead to high resistance and failures in logic circuit and SRAM. We analyzed mechanisms and illustrated solutions systematically with in-line detection method also discussed for technology development as well as manufacturing in paper.
Would you recognize celiac axis syndrome

PreviewDiagnosis of celiac axis syndrome can be difficult, because signs and symptoms of the syndrome vary and may be found in a large percentage of healthy persons. Dr Mehlman reviews key studies on this syndrome and discusses causes, diagnostic techniques, and surgical intervention.
Analytical modeling of printed metasurface cavities for computational imaging

We derive simple analytical expressions to model the electromagnetic response of an electrically large printed cavity. The analytical model is then used to develop printed cavities for microwave imaging purposes. The proposed cavity is excited by a cylindrical source and has boundaries formed by subwavelength metallic cylinders (vias) placed at subwavelength distances apart. Given their small size, the electric currents induced on the vias are assumed to have no angular dependence. Applying this approximation simplifies the electromagnetic problem to a matrix equation which can be solved to directly compute the electric current induced on each via. Once the induced currents are known, the electromagnetic field inside the cavity can be computed for every location. We verify the analytical model by comparing its prediction to full-wave simulations. To utilize this cavity in imaging settings, we perforate one side of the printed cavity with radiative slots such that they act as the physical layer of a comput...
THE 1761 DISCOVERY OF VENUS' ATMOSPHERE: LOMONOSOV AND OTHERS

Russian polymath Mikhail Vasil'evich Lomonosov claimed to have discovered the atmosphere of Venus during the planet's transit over the Sun's disc in 1761. Although several other astronomers observed similar effects during the 1761 and 1769 transits, Lomonosov's claim for priority is the strongest as he was the first to publish a comprehensive scientific report, and the first to offer a detailed explanation of the aureole around Venus at ingress and egress, which was caused by refraction of the sunlight through Venus' atmosphere. His observations, more- over, were successfully reconstructed experimentally using antique telescopes during the 2012 transit. In this paper we review details of Lomonosov's observations (which usually are poorly covered by commentators and often misunderstood); compare other reports of the eighteenth century transit observations, and summarize their findings in a comprehensive table; and address recent calls to reconsider Lomonosov's priority. After reviewing the available documentation we conclude that everything we learned before, during and after the twenty-first century transits only supports further the widely-accepted attribution of the discovery of Venus' atmosphere to Lomonosov.
Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint Injury

Various common injuries in the shoulder, humerus, and elbow are investigated in this section. Significant attention is paid not only to proper diagnostic examination and imaging, but also to optimal non-operative and operative treatment options to manage these conditions.
Children's understanding of yesterday and tomorrow.

Abstract A picture–sentence matching task was used to investigate children’s understanding of yesterday and tomorrow. In Experiment 1, 3- to 5-year-olds viewed two pictures of an object with a visible change of state (e.g., a carved pumpkin and an intact pumpkin) while listening to sentences referring to past or future actions (“I carved the pumpkin yesterday” or “I’m gonna carve the pumpkin tomorrow”) and selected the matching picture. Children performed better with past tense sentences than with future tense sentences, and including tomorrow in future tense sentences increased accuracy. In the next two experiments, 4- and 5-year-olds (Experiment 2) and adults (Experiment 3) completed the same task but with sentences containing conflicting temporal information (“I carved the pumpkin tomorrow”). Children tended to select pictures depicting the outcome of actions regardless of tense or temporal adverb, whereas adults’ judgments were based on temporal adverbs. In Experiment 4, 3- to 5-year-olds completed tasks requiring either forward or backward temporal reasoning about sentences referring to before, after, yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Across sentence types, forward temporal reasoning was easier for children than backward temporal reasoning. Altogether, results indicated that children understand yesterday better than tomorrow due to the increased cognitive demands involved in reasoning about future events.
Newcomb’s Problem of Choice

In order to resolve the problem just stated and make a number of other important points concerning the question of the confirmation of the theistic hypothesis I have to discuss a topic whose relevance, I promise, will quite soon become apparent.
Trends in Solidification Grain Size and Morphology for Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is used for both prototyping and production of final parts. Therefore, there is a need to predict and control the microstructural size and morphology. Process mapping is an approach that represents AM process outcomes in terms of input variables. In this work, analytical, numerical, and experimental approaches are combined to provide a holistic view of trends in the solidification grain structure of Ti-6Al-4V across a wide range of AM process input variables. The thermal gradient is shown to vary significantly through the depth of the melt pool, which precludes development of fully equiaxed microstructure throughout the depth of the deposit within any practical range of AM process variables. A strategy for grain size control is demonstrated based on the relationship between melt pool size and grain size across multiple deposit geometries, and additional factors affecting grain size are discussed.
Cardiac Rehabilitation in Older Persons with Cardiovascular Disease

Despite widespread recommendations, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is not well utilized in older adults. This review explores the valuable benefits of CR in geriatric patients as well as strategies to improve utilization. Eligibility for CR has long included coronary heart disease and has recently expanded to include heart failure, valvular disease, and peripheral artery disease, all which particularly impact older adults. New research has demonstrated unique functional and geriatric-specific benefits in older adults who participate in CR. Though few studies have specifically focused on geriatric populations, these patients have similar benefits to CR in various types of cardiovascular disease in respect to improved morbidity, rehospitalization, and mortality. Furthermore, older adults participating in CR commonly derive unique benefits in respect to frailty, mood, and functional status. Nonetheless, utilization rates are low in the general population, and even lower in older adults. Increasing use of home-based programs may help increase utilization and benefits among older CR candidates.
Introduction to Higher Algebra. By Maxime Bocher

(1984). Introduction to Higher Algebra. By Maxime Bocher. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 91, No. 2, pp. 147-150.
Ethos and Pathos in Millennial Brazil

This essay reviews the following works: The Invention of the Brazilian Northeast . By Durval Muniz de Albuquerque Jr. Translated by Jerry Dennis Metz. Foreword by James N. Green. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2014. Pp. ix + 277. $24.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822357858. Brazil and the Dialectic of Colonization . By Alfredo Bosi. Translated by Robert Patrick Newcomb. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 373. $35.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780252080845. Revolt of the Saints: Memory and Redemption in the Twilight of Brazilian Racial Democracy . By John F. Collins. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 463. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822353201. The Economic and Social History of Brazil since 1889 . By Francisco Vidal Luna and Herbert S. Klein. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Pp. vi + 439. $27.03 paperback. ISBN: 9781107616585. The Color of Modernity: S a o Paulo and the Making of Race and Nation in Brazil . By Barbara Weinstein. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 458. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822357773. The Rio De Janeiro Reader: History, Culture, Politics . Edited by Daryle Williams, Amy Chazkel, and Paulo Knauss. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016. Pp. xi + 390. $20.73 paperback. ISBN: 9780822360063.
Gram-Negative Folliculitis

Gram-negative folliculitis is a complication of treatment of acne or rosaceas with long-term oral antibiotics, usually tetracyclines. It is caused by the replacement of the gram-positive flora of the mucous membranes of the nose with gram-negative bacteria, which is spread to the face. Common causative organisms include Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella, and Proteus mirabilis. Gram-negative folliculitis should be considered in acne patients who have a flare-up of pustular or cystic lesions while on antibiotics and in patients who have no significant improvement of acne lesions after 3–6 months of antibiotic therapy.
Assessment of Toileting Problems

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities experience impairments in adaptive behavior, including toileting skills. Toilet training is a crucial developmental milestone for learning adaptive skills and achieving independence. Compared to their typically developing peers, children with intellectual and developmental disorders begin toilet training at a later age and face more obstacles in toilet training procedures. As such, a comprehensive assessment of the individual’s toileting problems, caregiver factors, developmental functioning, and prerequisite skills should be used to guide toilet training procedures. This chapter reviews assessment procedures, screening tools for toileting problems, adaptive behavior measures, and developmental functioning measures. A brief overview of behavioral interventions for toilet training and the assessment of treatment progress and outcomes are discussed.
Historicity, Peoplehood, and Politics: Holocaust Talk in Twenty-First-Century France

Drawing on ethnographic data from the mid-2000s as well as accounts from French Jewish newspapers and magazines from the 1980s onward, this paper traces the emergence of new French Jewish institutional narratives linking North African Jews to the “European” Holocaust. I argue that these new narratives emerged as a response to the social and political impasses produced by intra-Jewish disagreements over whether and how North African Jews could talk about the Holocaust, which divided French Jews and threatened the relationship between Jewishness and French national identity. These new pedagogical narratives relied on a very different historicity, or way of reckoning time and causality, than those used in more divisive everyday French Jewish Holocaust narratives. By reworking the ways that French Jews reckoned time and causality, they offered an expansive and homogenously “European” Jewishness. This argument works against a growing postcolonial sociological and anthropological literature on religious minorities in France and Europe by emphasizing the contingency, difficulty, and even ambivalence around constructing “Jewishness” as transparently either “European” or “French.” It also highlights the role played by historicity—not just history—in producing what counts as group “identity.”