cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
El perjuicio y la tradición literaria: El autor alemán Moscherosch y los "Walsche" del siglo XVII

El trabajo aleman Philander von Mittenwald por Moscherosch es una adaptacion libre de satiras morales de Quevedo conocidos como Los Suenos. En la version alemana, dos cosas destacan que puede ser entendido como Moscherosch propias contribuciones. Por un lado, nos encontramos con un patriotismo exagerado que podriamos llamar su teutomania, o "alabanza de todo teutonica", y por otro, su xenofobia, es decir, su "aversion contra un determinado grupo de extranjeros a los que llama el" Wulsche ". Al atacar a este grupo de personas, Moscherosch inicia una tradicion literaria de los prejuicios raciales contra los europeos del sur, que continua en la literatura alemana bien entrado el siglo XX.The German work Philander von Mittenwald by Moscherosch is a free adaptation of Quevedo's moral satires known as Los suenos. In the German version, two things stand out that can be understood as Moscherosch own contributions. On the one hand, we find an exaggerated patriotism which we might call his teutomania, or "praise of everything Teutonic", and on the other, his xenophobia, that is, his "aversion against a certain group of foreigners whom he calls the "Wulsche". By attacking this group of people, Moscherosch starts a literary tradition of racial prejudice against the Southern Europeans which continues in German literature well into the XXth century.
In vivo oxidative degradation of polypropylene pelvic mesh

Commercial polypropylene pelvic mesh products were characterized in terms of their chemical compositions and molecular weight characteristics before and after implantation. These isotactic polypropylene mesh materials showed clear signs of oxidation by both Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The oxidation was accompanied by a decrease in both weight-average and z-average molecular weights and narrowing of the polydispersity index relative to that of the non-implanted material. SEM revealed the formation of transverse cracking of the fibers which generally, but with some exceptions, increased with implantation time. Collectively these results, as well as the loss of flexibility and embrittlement of polypropylene upon implantation as reported by other workers, may only be explained by in vivo oxidative degradation of polypropylene.
Managing an Engineering Project

This article provides an overview of the comprehensive process in creating a "Project Plan" for an engineering project. The authors discuss the challenges of project management tasks, tools, and methods used. They also discuss and compare other commonly used project planning practices and techniques. This article includes authors' experiences drawn from their careers and industries that are applicable to projects of this nature. They propose methodical approaches to handle a large, and complex engineering and construction project that takes several years to complete. The project selected is a hypothetical biomass engineering plant considered for this examination.
Comparison of Inpatient Glycemic Control with Insulin Vials Versus Insulin Pens in General Medicine Patients.

BackgroundThe Institute for Safe Medication Practices has recommended against routine use of insulin pen devices for inpatients, but the quality of inpatient glycemic control that is achieved with ...
Finding Calcium in Noncalcified Lesions: ¹⁸F-Fluoride Offers Insights into Atheroma Evolution.

> It is not what you look at that matters, it is what you see. > > —Henry David Thoreau Intimal arterial calcification is “a pervasive and likely inevitable program that is intimately entwined with aging, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease” ([1][1]). Since 1990, vascular
Elementary School Teachers' Perspectives on Health Instruction: Implications for Health Education.

Abstract Limited literature is available on the barriers and enablers of elementary school health instruction, and even less is known about teachers' experiences that influence their decision to teach health. The purpose of this research was to obtain information to assist public health educators in creating an infrastructure to support school health education instruction. The question guiding the research was, “From the perspective of elementary school teachers' experience, what are the barriers and enablers to teaching health in the classroom?” During January-March 2000, qualitative research methods, including 56 one-on-one interviews and 9 focus groups with 51 elementary school teachers, were conducted. Findings relate to three general thematic areas: existing policies or guidelines for instruction, limited instruction time, and teacher preferences. Recommendations are provided for creating a partnership between public health educators and school health educators to establish an educational environment...
Maternal Parenting Style and Delinquency by Race and the Moderating Effect of Structural Disadvantage

Contemporary research suggests authoritative parenting is the most effective parenting style in deterring juvenile delinquency. Some research has found there are differences in parenting style between racial groups due to structural disadvantage faced by marginalized individuals. Yet, relatively little is known about how racial differences in parenting and the moderating effect of disadvantage relate to juvenile delinquency. The current project explores parenting style differences among Black, Hispanic, and White mothers and the moderating impact of disadvantage on delinquency. Results indicate authoritarian parenting is least effective in deterring delinquency among all racial groups; however, neighborhood disadvantage provides a negative moderating effect between authoritarian parenting and delinquency for Black youth only, whereas uninvolved parenting was related to delinquency for White youth only.
Kinetics of the Electron‐Transfer Reactions of Re(CO)4L· Radicals: Ligand, Ion Pairing, and Solvent Effects.

The title radicals, generated from the corresponding Re compounds (I) by laser flash photolysis, undergo fast electron-transfer reactions with N-methyl-4-cyanopyridinium tetrafluoroborate in MeCN solution, and with maleic anhydride.
GPQuest: A Spectral Library Matching Algorithm for Site-Specific Assignment of Tandem Mass Spectra to Intact N-glycopeptides.

Glycoprotein changes occur in not only protein abundance but also the occupancy of each glycosylation site by different glycoforms during biological or pathological processes. Recent advances in mass spectrometry instrumentation and techniques have facilitated analysis of intact glycopeptides in complex biological samples by allowing the users to generate spectra of intact glycopeptides with glycans attached to each specific glycosylation site. However, assigning these spectra, leading to identification of the glycopeptides, is challenging. Here, we report an algorithm, named GPQuest, for site-specific identification of intact glycopeptides using higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) fragmentation of complex samples. In this algorithm, a spectral library of glycosite-containing peptides in the sample was built by analyzing the isolated glycosite-containing peptides using HCD LC-MS/MS. Spectra of intact glycopeptides were selected by using glycan oxonium ions as signature ions for glycopeptide spect...
Abstract 2694: Histone acetyltransferase activity of MOF is required for MLL-AF9 leukemogenesis

Chromosomal rearrangements of the Mixed-Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene are found in 5-10% of all patients with acute leukemia and associated with a poor prognosis. MLL-rearrangements are more frequently present in pediatric and infant patients where AF9 is one of the most common fusion partners. In order to identify novel druggable targets in MLL-AF9 rearranged leukemia, we conducted a chromatin regulator focused RNAi screen in murine MLL-AF9 leukemia cells and found hairpins targeting (K)Lysine Acetyltransferase 8 (Kat8, also known as Mof) and the previously identified target Bromodomain Containing 4 (Brd4), to be the most potent suppressors of cell growth. MOF is a histone 4 lysine 16 (H4K16) acetyltransferase and member of the MYST family of histone acetyltransferases (HATs). MOF has been shown to be crucial for murine embryogenesis and is a cell-type dependent regulator of chromatin state and various cellular processes such as T-cell differentiation, DNA damage response and cell cycle progression. Using a conditional murine Mof knockout system, we studied the role of MOF in MLL-AF9 leukemogenesis in detail. In vitro inactivation of Mof in MLL-AF9 transformed mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells led to impaired colony-forming capacity. The specificity of this phenotype was shown by expression of exogenous full-length Mof, which fully rescued transformed cells from the dramatic phenotype. Inactivation of Mof in vivo, lead to reduced tumor burden and prolonged survival of mice bearing MLL-AF9 leukemia cells. RNA sequencing data comparing MLL-AF9 cells with homozygous Mof loss to a wild type control, showed a significant enrichment of genes within the apoptosis (NES 1.98, FDR-q These results indicate that MOF HAT activity is required for MLL-AF9 leukemia maintenance. Our data further suggest that MOF HAT activity may be a good target for new small molecule inhibitor development for the treatment of patients with MLL-AF9 rearranged leukemia. Citation Format: Daria G. Valerio, Haiming Xu, Chun-Wei Chen, Takayuki Hoshii, Meghan Eisold, Christopher Delaney, Monica Cusan, Aniruddha J. Deshpande, Chun-Hao Huang, Amaia Lujambio, George Zheng, Tej K. Pandita, Scott W. Lowe, Scott A. Armstrong. Histone acetyltransferase activity of MOF is required for MLL-AF9 leukemogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2694.
Abstract 475: NTF2 regulates nuclear size in mammalian cells and may contribute to altered nuclear size in melanoma

Nuclear size and morphology are distinct cancer features that pathologists use for diagnostic purposes. Proteins that regulate nuclear size have been identified in Xenopus, where nuclear import rates correlate with nuclear size. The levels of two nuclear import factors, importin α and NTF2, were shown to be particularly important in nuclear size regulation. It has also been shown that importin α2 is a potential biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer, as well as importin α1 in breast cancer. Our data implicate that NTF2 is a possible cancer biomarker. Our main goal is to analyze how these nuclear scaling factors affect nuclear size during carcinogenesis and to test how nuclear size impacts cancer growth characteristics. We find that manipulating the levels of importin α2 and NTF2 in HeLa and MRC-5 cells leads to altered nuclear size, demonstrating a conserved function for these factors in nuclear size regulation. To place these results in a cancer context, we are focusing on melanoma cell lines, including radial and vertical growth primary melanomas and metastatic melanomas. We find that, compared to normal melanocytes, the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) volume ratio is increased in the cancer cell lines. Western blot analysis revealed an inverse correlation between NTF2 protein levels and nuclear size. We confirmed these results using a melanoma tissue microarray, finding similar differences in nuclear size and NTF2 expression levels between benign nevi and melanomas. We next performed transient transfection experiments with our melanoma cell lines. Importin α2 knock down led to smaller nuclear size, while knocking down the levels of NTF2 increased nuclear size, consistent with our Xenopus results. We also observed reduced nuclear size when NTF2 was ectopically expressed. Currently we are generating stable, inducible melanoma cell lines where we can precisely alter NTF2 and importin α expression levels using doxycycline. We will use these inducible cell lines to examine how altering nuclear size impacts cell proliferation rates, invasiveness, and apoptosis. We will also investigate how nuclear size affects gene positioning using FISH, focusing on genes involved in melanoma formation and metastasis. In the long term, we plan to move these studies into a mouse model where we can test how nuclear size affects in vivo metastatic capacity. Citation Format: Lidija D. Vukovic, Bradley A. Stohr, Dan L. Levy. NTF2 regulates nuclear size in mammalian cells and may contribute to altered nuclear size in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 475.
Toward Deep-Decarbonization: an Energy-Service System Framework

This paper reviews the historical and applied literature on energy transitions from an integrated system-level framework. We synthesize the literature using a simple energy-service system framework to highlight the main problems and possible pathways for a transition to a decarbonized energy system. Recent literature suggests that the combination of demand-pull and technology-push policy instruments will be necessary to tip markets in favor of low-carbon energy alternatives. These studies illustrate that complex feedback mechanisms between the different components of an energy system, such as lock-in and push-back, complicate prescriptive policy design. The transition to a decarbonized energy system is one of the most pressing problems facing modern society. Energy systems are complex systems with many layers of feedback between social, technical, and institutional systems. Given these complexities, policy design and analysis must evolve to incorporate these feedbacks more explicitly.
Gender inequities in curative and preventive health care use among infants in Bihar, India.

Background India has the highest rate of excess female infant deaths in the world. Studies with decade-old data suggest gender inequities in infant health care seeking, but little new large-scale research has examined this issue. We assessed differences in health care utilization by sex of the child, using 2014 data for Bihar, India. Methods This was a cross-sectional analysis of statewide representative survey data collected for a non-blinded maternal and child health evaluation study. Participants included mothers of living singleton infants (n = 11 570). Sex was the main exposure. Outcomes included neonatal illness, care seeking for neonatal illness, hospitalization, facility-based postnatal visits, immunizations, and postnatal home visits by frontline workers. Analyses were conducted via multiple logistic regression with survey weights. Findings The estimated infant sex ratio was 863 females per 1000 males. Females had lower rates of reported neonatal illness (odds ratio (OR) = 0.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.6-0.9) and hospitalization during infancy (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.3-0.6). Girl neonates had a significantly lower odds of receiving care if ill (80.6% vs 89.1%; OR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3-0.8) and lower odds of having a postnatal checkup visit within one month of birth (5.4% vs 7.3%; OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.6-0.9). The gender inequity in care seeking was more profound at lower wealth and higher numbers of siblings. Gender differences in immunization and frontline worker visits were not seen. Interpretation Girls in Bihar have lower odds than boys of receiving facility-based curative and preventive care, and this inequity may partially explain the persistent sex ratio imbalance and excess female mortality. Frontline worker home visits may offer a means of helping better support care for girls.
Aspirin is an effective pretreatment for exercise in multiple sclerosis: A double-blind randomized controlled pilot trial:

Exercise benefits multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but exercise-induced overheating is a deterrent for many. We conducted a double-blind crossover-design placebo-controlled pilot of aspirin to increase time-to-exhaustion (TTE) and reduce exercise-induced body temperature increase. A total of 12 patients participated. At enrollment, 8 of 12 reported heat sensitivity during exercise. After 650 mg of aspirin or placebo, participants performed lower body cycle ergometer exercise test. TTE increased after aspirin compared to placebo: t(11) = 2.405, p = 0.035 (Cohen's d = 1.45). Body temperature increase after exercise with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was reduced by 56% in heat-sensitive patients, although limited power precluded statistical significance. Aspirin may represent an effective pretreatment for exercise in MS.
IMiD: Immunomodulatory Drug Lenalidomide (CC-5013; Revlimid) in the Treatment of Lymphoma: Insights into Clinical Use and Molecular Mechanisms

Immune modulation has been a focus of increasing interest particularly for patients with lymphoma through the new class of ‘immunomodulatory drugs’ called IMiDs. Lenalidomide is an oral thalidomide analogue drug that belongs to the second generation of IMiDs. The proposed mechanisms of action of lenalidomide and the IMiD class of drugs go beyond just traditional cytotoxicity. With further descriptions comes more knowledge of predictive markers as well as molecular mechanisms of resistance. These still are evolving areas of research. Furthermore, mechanisms of resistance to IMiDs and ways to overcome may be different in different tumor types. The goal of this chapter is to focus on the early descriptions and usage of the drug, and to the more recent understandings of mechanisms of resistance. The main focus is on lymphoma, particularly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Knowledge and molecular insights gained pertaining to potential methods of overcoming these methods of resistance from other tumor types are also presented.
Injection therapy for chronic prostatitis: A retrospective analysis of 77 cases.

Objective: To compare pre- and post-therapy symptom scores reported on the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIHCPSI) after trans-rectal antibiotic injections therapy for men suffering from chronic prostatitis. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of NIHCPSI symptom scores obtained from chart reviews of 77 treated males suffering from chronic prostatitis before and after trans rectal injections for the treatment of chronic prostatitis. Results: Most patients reported a 40% to 60% improvement in symptom scores. In subgroups comparing scores in patients with less than 5 injections, the improvement was less than in patients who received 10 or more injections. Patients’ responses after a shorter (3 months) follow up showed better pain scores than patient’s scores after longer, over one-year or more, follow- up periods. Conclusion: Our findings show that direct antibiotic injection for chronic prostatitis is a viable addition to standard therapies. Improvements in symptom scores are long lasting. Discomfort is minimal and side effects are rare and avoidable
Vibrational-Electronic Interactions

If nuclei were infinitely heavy and did not move, molecules would have a rigid geometry and their electronic spectra would consist of one sharp line per transition. In fact, the electronic spectrum arising from a transition generally consists of a band of transitions, somewhere between discrete and continuous. This originates in the nuclear motion: as the nuclei move the electronic state energies vary, describing the electronic potential surfaces; the nuclear motion on these surfaces is quantized; transitions from one particular ground vibrational state can take place to a range of excited vibrational states — thereby spreading out the electronic transition.
Interactive eLearning: Designing the Immersive Course-Integrated Online Library Orientation

Abstract This chapter addresses the creation of an online learning object built to engage and orient students to library resources, spaces, and support services. Developed in Articulate Storyline, the orientation follows two student characters as they navigate a virtual library environment. As students progress through three nonlinear modules, they are immersed in a variety of interactive learning activities where they must click, hover, drag, drop, and explore to proceed. They learn by listening, reading, and interacting with the content through scenario-based activities. Through collaboration with faculty and administration, and the employment of instructional design practices using the ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) model, we ensured that the learning object was student-friendly and clearly aligned with course objectives. Now integrated as a mandatory component of our First-Year Experience seminar, assessment data demonstrates that students are truly engaged throughout the learning experience and have developed a more nuanced understanding of the role of libraries and librarians.
Variation in surgical treatment patterns for patients with prostate cancer in the United States: Do patients in academic hospitals fare better?

Abstract Introduction With prostate cancer (CaP) screening, overtreatment of low-risk CaP remains a concern. We investigated the patterns of radical prostatectomy (RP) for pathologic insignificant (iCaP) and significant CaP (sCaP) as well as variations between academic and nonacademic hospitals. Patients and methods Patients undergoing RP for clinical T1c CaP were identified in the National Cancer Database between 2006 and 2013. The primary outcome was the trend of RP for insignificant prostate cancer (iCaP) and significant prostate cancer (sCaP) over the study period. The secondary outcome was to compare the RP rate in academic vs. nonacademic institutions. Univariable and multivariable analysis were utilized to evaluate the association between overtreatment and practice type. iCaP was defined as organ confined CaP with Gleason Score ≤6. Results The total number of RP increased from 17,970 cases in 2006 to 25,324 in 2013. The RP rate decreased for iCaP from 39.9% to 19.8%, while increasing for sCaP from 18% to 27% over the study period. Patients undergoing RP in academic settings were less likely to have iCaP (odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.80–0.97). Caucasian race, private insurance, younger age, and treatment in the Eastern United States were associated with higher rates of iCaP at RP. Conclusion The rate of iCaP has declined over time in the United States for patients undergoing RP. Although RP in nonacademic setting was more likely to have iCaP on surgical pathology, this trend has been downward among practice types. Treatment appropriateness is an underrecognized, undermeasured, but increasingly important component of the high-value care discussion that warrants greater attention.
Focal adhesion kinase inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in differentiated thyroid cancer.

e13556 Background: Thyroid cancer, themost common endocrine malignancy, can be curable with resection of low stage tumors, but new treatments are needed for advanced differentiated cancers with radioiodine resistance. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), a tyrosine kinase involved in protein-protein interactions regulating crucial cellular functions, is upregulated in thyroid cancer, and is a drug target along with its autophosphorylation site Y397. Clinical trials are ongoing for FAK inhibitors PF04554878 and GSK2256098. 1,2,4,5-Benzenetetraamine tetrahydrochloride (Y15), a small molecule FAK scaffolding inhibitor targeting the Y397 autophosphorylation site, and TAE226, a FAK/Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor inhibitor are in preclinical studies . In this report, we compared the effects of these FAK inhibitors on thyroid cancer cell lines. Methods: Four human thyroid cancer cell lines were cultured in vitro: K1, BCPAP, TPC1 derived from papillary thyroid carcinoma, and TT derived from medullary thyroid carci...
Resonant multi-soliton solutions to two fifth-order KdV equations via the simplified linear superposition principle

In this paper, the simplified linear superposition principle is presented and employed to handle two versions of the fifth-order KdV equations, called the (2+1)-dimensional Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbon (CDG...
Evaluating the Ecology of Tantilla relicta in Florida Pine–Wiregrass Sandhills Using Multi-Season Occupancy Models

Occupancy modeling may be the most effective tool for studying the occurrence of secretive fossorial squamates. Our objective was to use occupancy models to test whether Florida Crowned Snakes (Tantilla relicta) are a suitable model species for other, more-secretive fossorial squamates. Tantilla relicta are easier to study than other fossorial squamates and likely respond to habitat management (e.g., fire frequency) similarly to these harder-to-study species of concern. We sampled T. relicta using 24 groups of drift fences in longleaf pine–wiregrass sandhills, Ocala National Forest, Florida, USA to assess how habitat characteristics and weather influenced their occupancy, detection, colonization, and extinction rates. We predicted that temperature, rainfall, substrate composition, and prescribed burn history would influence T. relicta occupancy, detection, and movement in variable directions. The best-supported multiseason occupancy model included 1) initial occupancy influenced by time since last burn, 2) extinction and colonization as random processes, and 3) detection influenced by percent leaf litter and rainfall. Tantilla relicta were most likely to occupy recently burned sites and were most easily detected during dry periods and at sites with low leaf litter cover. Our results are consistent with research suggesting that short-return prescribed fires benefit many reptile species in central Florida's xeric longleaf pine–wiregrass forests. Further, our results provide modest evidence that T. relicta are suitable model organisms for studying fossorial squamate assemblages.
Genetic nature or genetic nurture? Introducing social genetic parameters to quantify bias in polygenic score analyses

Results from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) can be used to generate a polygenic score (PGS), an individual-level measure summarizing identified genetic influence on a trait dispersed across the genome. For complex, behavioral traits, the association between an individual's PGS and their phenotype may contain bias (from geographic, ancestral, and/or socioeconomic confounding) alongside the causal effect of the individual's genes. We formalize the introduction of a different source of bias in regression models using PGSs: the effects of parental genes on offspring outcomes, known as genetic nurture. GWAS do not discriminate between the various pathways through which genes become associated with outcomes, meaning existing PGSs capture both direct genetic effects and genetic nurture effects. We construct a theoretical model for genetic effects and show that the presence of genetic nurture biases PGS coefficients from both naive OLS (between-family) and family fixed effects (within-family) regressions. This bias is in opposite directions; while naive OLS estimates are biased away from zero, family fixed effects estimates are biased toward zero. We quantify this bias using two novel parameters: (1) the genetic correlation between the direct and nurture effects and (2) the ratio of the SNP heritabilities for the direct and nurture effects.
Genetics, Epigenetics, and Environmental Interactions

Genetics refers to heritable variability that encodes for our various traits and is hardwired in the DNA of the individual. In contrast, epigenetics refers to non-genetic alterations that can influence expression of traits without actually changing the genetic code. Interpersonal variability in the genetic code, along with epigenetic programing that is set during early embryonic development but remains malleable throughout the life course, is what sets individuals apart from one another by providing diversity in manifested traits, ranging from physical appearance to chemical metabolism and DNA damage repair. This diversity, in conjunction with the various physical, chemical, and biological exposures that are encountered—including those in the occupational setting—combine to modulate cancer risk. Therefore, it is important to comprehend how genetics and epigenetics interact with environmental exposures to understand how occupational factors influence development of malignant disease. This chapter provides an introduction to basic concepts in genetics and epigenetics and how they interact with the environment.
Bisphenol A and bisphenol S disruptions of the mouse placenta and potential effects on the placenta-brain axis.

Placental trophoblast cells are potentially at risk from circulating endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol A (BPA). To understand how BPA and the reputedly more inert bisphenol S (BPS) affect the placenta, C57BL6J mouse dams were fed 200 μg/kg body weight BPA or BPS daily for 2 wk and then bred. They continued to receive these chemicals until embryonic day 12.5, whereupon placental samples were collected and compared with unexposed controls. BPA and BPS altered the expression of an identical set of 13 genes. Both exposures led to a decrease in the area occupied by spongiotrophoblast relative to trophoblast giant cells (GCs) within the junctional zone, markedly reduced placental serotonin (5-HT) concentrations, and lowered 5-HT GC immunoreactivity. Concentrations of dopamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the main metabolite of serotonin, were increased. GC dopamine immunoreactivity was increased in BPA- and BPS-exposed placentas. A strong positive correlation between 5-HT+ GCs and reductions in spongiotrophoblast to GC area suggests that this neurotransmitter is essential for maintaining cells within the junctional zone. In contrast, a negative correlation existed between dopamine+ GCs and reductions in spongiotrophoblast to GC area ratio. These outcomes lead to the following conclusions. First, BPS exposure causes almost identical placental effects as BPA. Second, a major target of BPA/BPS is either spongiotrophoblast or GCs within the junctional zone. Third, imbalances in neurotransmitter-positive GCs and an observed decrease in docosahexaenoic acid and estradiol, also occurring in response to BPA/BPS exposure, likely affect the placental–brain axis of the developing mouse fetus.
Age-Related Changes in Speech and Voice: Spectral and Cepstral Measures.

Purpose This study examined differences in selected acoustic measures of speech and voice according to age and sex and across families. Method Participants included 169 individuals, 79 men and 90 w...
APPLE: Alias Pruning by Path Length Estimation

Uncovering the Internet’s router graph is vital to accurate measurement and analysis. In this paper, we present a new technique for resolving router IP aliases that complements existing techniques. Our approach, Alias Pruning by Path Length Estimation (apple), avoids relying on router manufacturer and operating system specific implementations of IP. Instead, it filters potential router aliases seen in traceroute by comparing the reply path length from each address to a distributed set of vantage points.
Bayesian inference and the analytic continuation of imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo data

Abstract We present a way to use Bayesian statistical inference and the principle of maximum entropy to analytically continue imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo data. We supply the details that are lacking in the seminal literature but are important for the motivated reader to understand the assumptions and approximations embodied in these methods. First, we summarize the general relations between quantum correlation functions and spectral densities. We then review the basic principles, formalism, and philosophy of Bayesian inference and discuss the application of this approach in the context of the analytic continuation problem. Next, we present a detailed case study for the symmetric, infinite-dimension Anderson Hamiltonian. We chose this Hamiltonian because the qualitative features of its spectral density are well established and because a particularly convenient algorithm exists to produce the imaginary-time Green's function data. Shown are all the intermediate steps of data and solution qualification. The importance of careful data preparation and error propagation in the analytic continuation is discussed in the context of this example. Then, we review the different physical systems and physical quantities to which these, or related, procedures have been applied. Finally, we describe other features concerning the application of our methods, their possible improvement, and areas for additional study.
Breastfeeding but not Exclusively: Exploration of Chinese American Mothers' Infant Feeding Practices.

BackgroundPrevious qualitative researchers have shown that Chinese American mothers experienced high rates of suboptimal breastfeeding, especially early introduction of other foods before the recom...
Reactivación vs turistificación: los retos de las ciudades frente al turismo post pandemia

Tourism has turned out onto the greatest phenomenon on the modern world. It has been responsible of great transformations around the globe. Globalization and tourism have gone together during the last few years, nevertheless, tourism great success has resulted into considerable consequences. Gentrification, touristification and most recently, overtourism, are direct effects of what not to look for when countries and regions choose tourism as a development activity. The sanitary crisis that came with COVID-19, showed the fragile state of the touristic sector on a global scale, being the greatest destinations the most affected ones. For Ecuador´s case, being an emergent destination, it has also been affected due to total paralysation of the tourism industry. Facing this crisis, cities around the world must rethink the type of tourism they want to develop. The present academic work is based on a literature review, which aims to identify the evolution of touristification in patrimonial-historic spaces, on the span of the last 20 years. Since this is an exploratory study, with a qualitative focus, it was based on an historic-comparative analysis of Latin American and European destinations, where touristification is evident, while on Ecuador, La Ronda neighborhood on Quito´s historic centre was taken as a reference. With the results obtained, a series of orientations were stablished, and sustained on them, the process of touristic reactivation must be reconsidered, particularly on cities where tourisms impact hasn´t been significant.
Minimally Intersective Polynomials with Arbitrarily Many Quadratic Factors

Given a natural number $n \geq 4$ we show that there exists infinitely many polynomials $f_{n}(x):= \prod_{i=1}^{n} (x^{2} - a_{i})$ such that (i) $f_{n}(x)$ has a root modulo every positive integer, (ii) $f_{n}(x)$ has no rational roots, and (iii) every proper divisor of $f_{n}(x)$ fails to have root modulo some positive integer. We exhibit a process to explicitly construct such $f_{n}$ and this process demonstrates that the set of natural numbers $a_{n}$, such that the polynomial $f_{n}(x):= \prod_{i=1}^{n} (x^{2} - a_{i})$ satisfies the properties (i), (ii) and (iii), is of positive asymptotic density in $\mathbb{N}$.
Olfactory dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract Alterations in olfactory functions are proposed to be early biomarkers for neurodegeneration. Many neurodegenerative diseases are age-related, including two of the most common, Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The establishment of biomarkers that promote early risk identification is critical for the implementation of early treatment to postpone or avert pathological development. Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is seen in 90% of early-stage PD patients and 85% of patients with early-stage AD, which makes it an attractive biomarker for early diagnosis of these diseases. Here, we systematically review widely applied smelling tests available for humans as well as olfaction assessments performed in some animal models and the relationships between OD and normal aging, PD, AD, and other conditions. The utility of OD as a biomarker for neurodegenerative disease diagnosis and future research directions are also discussed.
Position Uncertainty-Tolerant Cooperative Merging Application for Mixed Multilane Traffic

To date, numerous cooperative merging techniques have been developed, with multiple studies demonstrating their potential to improve traffic safety, efficiency, and environmental impact at merging points. However, many of these techniques make assumptions that will almost certainly be questionable in the real world, namely: 1) relative positioning between vehicles will be sufficiently accurate at all times; 2) the merging application-equipped vehicles will not change lanes before reaching the merge point, nor will other vehicles change lanes into their lane; and 3) vehicles with merging-assist technology will not mix with vehicles without the technology. This paper proposes a cooperative merging application which is capable of functioning even when the vehicles positioning accuracy is severely degraded and all vehicles are free to change lanes into and out of the merging traffic streams. Furthermore, our strategy demonstrates safety, efficiency, and environmental benefits for the overall traffic stream even with technology penetration rates as low as 20%.
Outcome of prenatal diagnosis of clubfoot: a single institution experience

Aim: To assess the accuracy of antenatal diagnosis of clubfoot (CF), risk factors and outcomes in postnatal. Patients & methods: Maternal characteristics, sonographic signs and postnatal outcomes w...
Durability of metallic interconnects and protective coatings

To build up a useful voltage, a number of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are electrically connected into series in a stack via interconnects, which are placed between adjacent cells. In addition to functioning as a bi-polar electrical connector, the interconnect also acts as a separator plate that separates the fuel at the anode side of one cell from the air at the cathode side on an adjacent cell. During SOFC operation at the high temperatures, the interconnects are thus simultaneously exposed to the oxidizing air at one side and a reducing fuel that can be either hydrogen or hydrocarbon at the other. Besides, they are in contact with adjacent components, such as electrodes or electrical contacts, seals, etc. With steady reduction in SOFC operating temperatures into the low or intermediate range 600-850oC, oxidation resistant alloys are often used to construct interconnects. However, the metallic interconnects may degrade via interactions at their interfaces with surrounding environments or adjacent components, potentially affecting the stability and performance of interconnects and the SOFC stacks. Thus protection layers are applied to metallic interconnects that also intend to mitigate or prevent chromium migration into cells and the cell poisoning. This chapter provides a comprehensive reviewmore » of materials for metallic interconnects, their degradation and coating protection.« less
The Mark and the Kaiserreich: Cosmopolitan or National Currency?

This paper examines the introduction of the gold-based Mark currency in Germany in the 1870s in the context of debates about international monetary reform, and the introduction of national moneys, as well as in the context of national political and economic integration in Germany. It looks at the institutional accompaniments of national money, and the contentious debate about the gold standard as an international mechanism. It concludes that by the early twentieth century some influential analysts and political figures were criticizing the gold standard and advocating a more national approach to money.
Three-dimensional EEG source imaging via maximum entropy method

Electroencephalographic imaging or the estimation of three-dimensional dipole current sources on the cortical surface from scalp measured potential distribution is a highly underdetermined inverse problem as there are many 'feasible' images which are consistent with the EEG data. Here, the authors explore the maximum entropy approach to obtain better solutions to this problem. This estimation technique selects that image from the possible set of feasible images which is maximally smooth and most likely to give rise to the measured potential field. The authors have also incorporated a noise-rejection mechanism in their scheme that allows them to estimate the noise component of the recorded potentials. Computer simulation demonstrates that the proposed method can reconstruct three-dimensional current distribution where the conventional least-squares minimum-norm method fails. A preliminary testing of this method on evoked potential data measured during visual checkerboard stimulation at 3 Hz yielded sources largely concentrated in the posterior areas of the brain including a region roughly corresponding to the primary visual cortex.
Monotonicity in Calculational Proofs

We discuss the use of weakening and strengthening steps in calculational proofs. We present a metatheorem concerning monotonicity of positions in a formula that should have a more prominent place in the teaching of such proofs and give supporting examples.
Pool-Cooled Superconducting Coils: Past, Present and Future

An overview of large magnet systems which have been studied, constructed, or operated in the last 12 years is presented and shows a substantial advance in overall current density, stored energy, and magnet complexity. The preferable coolant mode for very large magnets is still a bath of helium I, but it is clear that other coolant modes are gaining acceptance. The data base for design using stability criteria dependent on transients has expanded to the point where the risk is often acceptable, compared to the lower current density, low risk, steady state stability criteria which launched large superconducting magnet technology. The limitation imposed by structure and protection on increasing overall current density in large magnets is discussed and a simple model is used to illustrate the extreme requirements imposed on a winding without direct helium contact. The latter implies that a significant technological step is required before conduction cooling or indirect cooling will be used in the large magnets envisioned for the future and that helium contact with the conductor will remain the key ingredient for risk reduction in large magnet design.
Stress‐Rupture and Stress‐Relaxation of Sic\Sic Composites at Intermediate Temperature

Tensile static stress and static strain experiments were performed on woven Sylramic (Dow Corning, Midland, MI) and Hi-Nicalon (Nippon Carbon, Japan) fiber reinforced, BN interphase, melt-infiltrated SiC matrix composites at 815 C. Acoustic emission was used to monitor the damage accumulation during the test. The stress-rupture properties of Sylramic composites were superior to that of Hi-Nicalon Tm composites. Conversely, the applied strain levels that Hi-Nicalon composites can withstand for stress-relaxation experiments were superior to Sylramic composites; however, at a cost of poor retained strength properties for Hi-Nicalon composites. Sylramic composites exhibited much less stress-oxidation induced matrix cracking compared to Hi-Nicalon composites. This was attributed to the greater stiffness and roughness of Sylramic fibers themselves and the lack of a carbon layer between the fiber and the BN interphase for Sylramic composites, which existed in Hi-Nicalon composites. Due to the lack of stress-relief for Sylramic composites, time to failure for Sylramic composite stress-relaxation experiments was not much longer than for stress-rupture experiments when comparing the peak stress condition for stress-relaxation with the applied stress of stress-rupture.
Effect of Different Postharvest Drying Temperatures on Aspergillus flavus Survival and Aflatoxin Content in Five Maize Hybrids

After harvest, maize is dried artificially to halt fungal growth and mycotoxin production while in postharvest storage. The process often limits harvest capacity and has been a frequent cause of seed injury. Higher drying temperatures could lead to shorter drying periods and faster turnover; however, there is often a deterioration of the physical grain quality, including increased breakage susceptibility and loss of viability. The goals of this study were to determine the effect of different postharvest drying temperatures on Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides survival and aflatoxin content in maize and to determine the viability of the seed. Five corn hybrids varying in resistance to A. flavus were side needle–inoculated with A. flavus, harvested at physiological maturity, and dried at temperatures ranging from 40 to 70°C. Kernels were evaluated for aflatoxin, stress cracks, germination, and kernel infection by A. flavus and a natural infestation of F. verticillioides. Drying temperature had...
Bronchopulmonary Cellular Response to Aluminum and Zirconium Salts

The bronchopulmonary cellular immunological response to repeated intratracheal inoculation of aluminum chlorhydrate, sodium zirconium lactate, and zirconium aluminum glycine was examined in rabbits. Results of a dose-response experiment using 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0-mg intratracheal inoculations of each metallic salt demonstrated significant bronchopulmonary histopathology in the 10.0-mg dose-response groups only. Acute lesions were histologically characterized by an inflammatory response centered around respiratory bronchioles. Although epithelioid cell formation was evident in 10.0 mg of aluminum salt (aluminum chlorhydrate and zirconium aluminum glycine) -injected animals, no well-defined granulomas characterized by an orderly arrangement of epithelioid cells, lymphocytes, and giant cells were evident in any of the experimental groups employed. All three metallic salts induced "activated" bronchopulmonary macrophages as determined by an in vitro phagocytic assay. This activation was likely nonimmunological since no measurable differences were observed in metallic salt-induced delayed skin reactivity or migration inhibition factor production between inoculated and uninoculated rabbits. The above observations suggest that aluminum and zirconium salts administered in comparatively high dosage via the respiratory tract route can induce respiratory bronchiolitis and activation of alveolar macrophages in the absence of demonstrable delayed hypersensitivity.
Free energy of solids and dense liquids by the Monte Carlo perturbation method

We propose that the free energy of solids and dense liquids can be calculated by combining perturbation theory with direct evaluation of free-energy difference by Monte Carlo sampling. The method provides a novel, convenient, and direct approach to the free energy of both solids and liquids without using thermodynamic integration or upper-bound approximations. Monte Carlo perturbation results for model two-dimensional systems are shown to be in very good agreement with free energy obtained by standard techniques.
Effects of click rate and electrode orientation on threshold of the auditory brainstem response.

This study evaluated the effects of stimulus presentation rate and electrode orientation on ABR threshold. Six normal-hearing adults served as subjects. ABRs were recorded from three orthogonal ele...