cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ANVIL neural network program for three-dimensional automatic target recognition

The focus of the artificial neural vision learning (ANVIL) program is to apply neural network technologies to the air-to-surface 3-D automatic target recognition (ATR) problem. The 3-D multiple object detection and location system (MODALS) neural network was developed under the ANVIL program to simultaneously detect, locate, segment, and identify multiple targets. The performance results show a very high dentification accuracy, a high detection rate, and a low false alarm rate, even for areas with high clutter and shadowing. The results are shown as detection/false alarm curves and identification/false alarm curves. In addition, positional detection accuracy is shown for various scale sizes. To provide data for the program, visible terrain board imagery was collected under a variety of background and lighting conditions. Tests were made on more than 500 targets of five types and two classes. These targets varied in scale by up to − 25%, varied in azimuth by up to 120 deg, and varied in elevation by up to 10 deg. The performance results are shown for targets with resolution ranging from 9 to 700 pixels on target.
Using video clips as test questions: the development and use of a multimedia exam

SUMMARY Innovations in multimedia provide new formats for delivering and scoring tests and for constructing test items. This article presents a case study of the development of a multimedia exam that assesses child protective services supervisor competence. It describes the need, design, development, validity, standardization, use, status, issues, problems, and lessons learned. While multimedia offers potentials, it also makes modifications, enhancements, and delivery more complicated. By examining this experience, others can avoid mistakes and pitfalls when undertaking future multimedia assessment endeavors.
Estimating the effectiveness of vegetated floodplains/ wetlands as nitrate-nitrite and orthophosphorus filters

Abstract The role of vegetated floodplains/wetlands on the stream water quality of agro-ecosystems in the Coastal Plain region of the southeastern United States is reported. Water-borne nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen budgets and orthophosphate phosphorus budgets from a cropped agricultural area were compared with those of a watershed with alluvial forests below the cropped areas. Analyses were made to determine if observed differences in nutrient concentrations and loads were the result of dilution of cropped area runoff by flows from non-cropped areas. Reductions in the observed levels of nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen and orthophosphate phosphorus between upland cropped areas and watershed outlets exceed reductions that would be caused by dilution effects. Significant portions of the observed nutrients leaving cropped areas were retained, utilized and/or transformed in the vegetated floodplains/wetlands characteristic of these Coastal Plain watersheds.
Poetry as self-supervision for mental health professionals: The use of poetry to process and understand clinical work

There is a growing body of literature suggesting that “self-supervision” is an option when other means of supervision are not present or are insufficient. Writing poetry in response to sessions can be a valuable form of self-supervision in and of itself as well as a supplement to conventional supervision or a positive self-care outlet for the seasoned professional or novice therapist. The development and awareness of metaphor and meaning as a path toward better empathy for a client as well as more skilled responsiveness are outcomes from a personal use of poetry responding to clinical work. Examples of responsive poetry and the methodology of such will be shared in the context of the current literature on expressive methods in conventional supervision and self-supervision.
Branching ratios of the Z0 and W± into 2 and 3 pions

Abstract We estimate the branching ratios of the weak gauge bosons Z 0 and W ± into two and three pion final states using vector meson dominance. On the basis of the upper bounds obtained, it is unlikely that any of these decay modes for the weak gauge bosons will be observed with present experiments.
Pornography: Some new perspectives on an old problem

employed to encompass a variety of visual erotica which ranges far beyond accounts of the oldest profession. It has become almost a catch-all term. So much has been included that no sensible discussion of pornography can begin without some attempt to define the word. The task is not a simple one. Consensual definitions are uncommon. The components of pornography are more or less numerous depending upon the personal views of the classifier. In the structural classification in Table 1, an attempt is made to include most of what the critics of erotica label pornography, as well as that which its defenders admit is pornography. The classification lends itself to a 3 X 3 matrix. The columns are respectively writings, static graphic depictions like photographs and drawings, and animated graphic depictions-the movie. The rows of the matrix represent increasing degrees of intensity of erotic substance, labeled in the popular fashion from least to most, "obscenity," "smut," and finally, true, "hard-core" pornography. These are simply conventional labels; no implications or value judgments are intended. Ranging across the columns of the matrix, obscenity includes literature which an English professor might recommend, whose erotic passages possess what the Supreme Court has called a "redeeming context," and which the Kronhausens (1959) label "erotic realism." Graphic depictions in this row include simple nude and partiallydraped photographs and drawings of women in stylized or natural poses and the sensual commercial movie, often an Italian or Swedish import, which is also usually regarded as erotic realism in a redeeming context. As a general rule, items falling in the obscenity row are attacked only by the most blue-nosed critics and are defended with a clear conscience by civil libertarians.
Evaluation of leaching potential of three systemic neonicotinoid insecticides in vineyard soil.

Abstract Dinotefuran (DNT), imidacloprid (IMD), and thiamethoxam (THM) are commonly used neonicotinoid insecticides in a variety of agriculture operations. Although these insecticides help growers control pest infestation, the residual environmental occurrence of insecticides may cause unintended adverse ecological consequences to non-target species. In this study, the leaching behavior of DNT, IMD, and THM was investigated in soils collected from an active AgriLife Research Extension Center (AREC) vineyard. A series of column experiments were conducted to evaluate the leaching potential of insecticides under two experimental scenarios: a) individual pulse mode, and b) mixed pulse mode. In both scenarios, the breakthrough pattern of the insecticides in the mostly acidic to neutral vineyard soil clearly demonstrates medium to high leachability. Of the three insecticides studied for leaching, DNT has exhibited high leaching potential and exited the column with fewer pore volumes, whereas IMD was retained for longer, indicating lower leachability. Relative differences in leaching behavior of neonicotinoids could be attributed to their solubility with the leaching pattern IMD
NMDA receptor activation accelerates ischemic energy depletion in the hippocampal slice and the demonstration of a threshold for ischemic damage to protein synthesis.

Abstract Energy depletion is a primary factor initiating ischemic damage to neurons. In a separate report, we demonstrated that in vitro ischemia inhibits protein synthesis in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal slice via a mechanism involving extracellular calcium and N- methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation during the ischemic episode. In this study, we tested whether these agents accelerated the ischemic energy depletion beyond tolerable levels. ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr) were measured immediately after different durations of in vitro ischemia in the presence or absence of calcium and the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine. The results support the contention that extracellular calcium does not contribute to the ischemic energy depletion. NMDA receptor activation accelerates the fall in ATP and PCr, but only during the first 45 s of the ischemia. Using protein synthesis inhibition as a functional indicator of ischemic damage in the hippocampal slice, we demonstrated that greater than 2 min of ischemia is necessary to inhibit protein synthesis. Thus, this threshold duration of ischemia indicates that events occurring between 2 and 5 min ischemia result in a prolonged protein synthesis inhibition.
Quoyle's Quest: Knots and Fragments as Tools of Narration in The Shipping News

Abstract Annie Proulx's first two novels have garnered an impressive number of awards. For Postcards she received the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction, the first time a woman had won the prize; and for The Shipping News Proulx was awarded the National Book Award, the Irish Times International Fiction Award, and the 1994 Pulitzer Prize. Although the list of awards is distinguished, some reviewers have been less than favorable, most often when commenting on her writing style. One reviewer writes: the “sinuousness of E. Annie Proulx's prose seems to correspond physically with the textures of the weather and sea. Her inventive language is finely, if exhaustively, accomplished” (Norman). That reviewer complains that the “poetic compression” is at times too cryptic. Another reviewer faults “her truncated style” as a “deliberate messing around,” designed to obscure a failure of characterization (Walter). Verlyn Klinkenborg writes of an uncertainty in the handling of tone, of a narrative voice “elliptical, often po...
A case of IgD myeloma representing a missed biclonal paraproteinemia or isotype switch in a patient previously diagnosed with IgA-lambda myeloma.

Abstract Background Multiple myeloma is a clonal plasma cell neoplasm that is identified in the laboratory by a presence of a monoclonal immunoglobulin or increased plasma light chain levels. Methods The most commonly identified and tested immunoglobulins are IgA, IgG and IgM. Results Rare cases of multiple myeloma present with monoclonal IgD and IgE paraproteins. Conclusion We present a case of IgD myeloma diagnosed in a patient who had achieved partial remission from a previously diagnosed IgA myeloma, possibly representing a missed biclonal paraproteinemia or isotype switch after treatment.
Contaminants in sediments of two nearshore basin slopes off southern California

Abstract Sediment grain-size, organic material, and contaminant concentrations (trace metals and chlorinated hydrocarbons) were measured on the slopes (300–625 m) of two nearshore basins off southern California as part of a baseline study for a proposed deep water sludge out-fall. With increased depth, sediments generally became finer and increased in organic material and contaminant (except Pb and PCB) concentrations. However, due to the short slope depth gradient sampled, contaminant concentrations (except Ni and Zn) were usually not significantly correlated with depth, grain-size, or organic material. Comparisons of the sediment parameters between the two slope areas using ANOVA showed that the two areas were significantly different and that some of the parameters changed over time.
Locating sub-cycle faults in distribution network applying half-cycle DFT method

It is necessary to accurately detect and locate sub-cycle faults in order to prevent unexpected outages. However, conventional fault location methods cannot locate these faults as typically data windows longer than the fault's signature are used for phasor extraction. This paper presents an overall analysis of how the single-phase-ground sub-cycle fault in the distribution network can be located using voltage sag. The half-cycle Discrete Fourier transform is used for phasor extraction in the timedomain simulations. Our results reveal that the proposed approach is capable of accurately locating sub-cycle faults whose duration is between 0.5 and 1.0 cycles. The results also suggest that the placement of meters may significantly affect the capability of the proposed approach to locate sub-cycle faults.
Numerical Simulation of Bromate Formation during Ozonation of Bromide

The purpose of this study is to develop a kinetic model that links O\d3 decomposition reactions from the TFG ozone decay model with recognized Br\u- oxidation reactions, secondary \Dp9e\N OH reactions, and H\d2O\d2 reactions in order to improve O3 decay and bromate formation prediction capabilities under multiple water quality conditions. The model was compared with experimentally measured ozone decomposition and final bromate concentration data sets provided by two researchers. The data sets included varying pH (6.5–8.5), initial hydrogen peroxide (0–1 mM), and initial bromide concentration (0.1–1 mM). Model verification was carried out by sensitivity analysis of the rate constants and then optimization of the most sensitive rate constants using the method of least squares. Model predicted ozone decay data was analyzed and compared with measured ozone decay data using \iR-squared statistic for linear regression model. The model predicted final bromate concentration is analyzed by comparing it with the residual Δ (%) between experimental and model results. The TFG model was effectively tested for multiple data sets and it was found that model prediction was a success both for ozone decay (regression coefficients >0.95 for all experimental conditions but one) and bromate prediction with residual of less than 100% for all experimental conditions except low peroxide dose (<20 μm).
On the effect of the matrix tension–compression asymmetry on damage evolution in porous plastic solids

Abstract Strength differential effects (different behavior in tension versus compression) are observed at the polycrystal level, if either twinning or non-Schmid type slip are contributors to plastic deformation at the single crystal level. Despite recent progress in modeling the effects of this asymmetry on the plastic flow of the fully dense polycrystal, modeling the response of such polycrystals in the presence of voids remains a challenge. The aim of this paper is to numerically assess the influence of the tension–compression asymmetry of the plastic flow in the matrix (solid material) on void evolution and the location of the zone corresponding to maximum damage in round tensile specimens subject to uniaxial tension. It is shown that if the matrix tensile strength is higher than its compressive strength, void growth and damage distribution are similar to that in classical materials obeying Gurson's criterion. On the other hand, for certain porous polycrystals in which the matrix tensile strength is lower than its compressive strength, the rate of void growth rate is much slower. Damage distribution is significantly different, the location of the zone of maximum porosity shifts from the center of the specimen outwards. Furthermore, void growth is significantly affected by the rate of change of the tension–compression asymmetry of the matrix with accumulated plastic strain.
A study of competitive dynamics

Abstract The study of competitive dynamics has become a vibrant area of research within strategic management. We contribute to this research stream by examining the nature of competitive interaction between Coke and Pepsi. We found that while Coke's and Pepsi's strategies display interdependent relationships, the volatility of the interaction among strategies do not always attenuate over time, and Coke's strategies are driven by Pepsi in some cases but not others. Implications for research, practice, and limitations are discussed.
ErbB2 Degradation Mediated by the Co-chaperone Protein CHIP

ErbB2 overexpression contributes to the evolution of a substantial group of human cancers and signifies a poor clinical prognosis. Thus, down-regulation of ErbB2 signaling has emerged as a new anti-cancer strategy. Ubiquitinylation, mediated by the Cbl family of ubiquitin ligases, has emerged as a physiological mechanism of ErbB receptor down-regulation, and this mechanism appears to contribute to ErbB2 down-regulation induced by therapeutic anti-ErbB2 antibodies. Hsp90 inhibitory ansamycin antibiotics such as geldanamycin (GA) induce rapid ubiquitinylation and down-regulation of ErbB2. However, the ubiquitin ligase(s) involved has not been identified. Here, we show that ErbB2 serves as an in vitro substrate for the Hsp70/Hsp90-associated U-box ubiquitin ligase CHIP. Overexpression of wild type CHIP, but not its U-box mutant H260Q, induced ubiquitinylation and reduction in both cell surface and total levels of ectopically expressed or endogenous ErbB2 in vivo, and this effect was additive with that of 17-allylamino-geldanamycin (17-AAG). The CHIP U-box mutant H260Q reduced 17-AAG-induced ErbB2 ubiquitinylation. Wild type ErbB2 and a mutant incapable of association with Cbl (ErbB2 Y1112F) were equally sensitive to CHIP and 17-AAG, implying that Cbl does not play a major role in geldanamycin-induced ErbB2 down-regulation. Both endogenous and ectopically expressed CHIP and ErbB2 coimmunoprecipitated with each other, and this association was enhanced by 17-AAG. Notably, CHIP H260Q induced a dramatic elevation of ErbB2 association with Hsp70 and prevented the 17-AAG-induced dissociation of Hsp90. Our results demonstrate that ErbB2 is a target of CHIP ubiquitin ligase activity and suggest a role for CHIP E3 activity in controlling both the association of Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperones with ErbB2 and the down-regulation of ErbB2 induced by inhibitors of Hsp90.
Optimal sites for optical interferometry

It is pointed out that the performance of speckle imaging or optical interferometer systems increases with (r sub 0/D) exp n, where r sub 0 is the atmospheric coherence length, D is the aperture size, and n is between 2 and 4. It has been determined that, since r sub 0 is about 10 cm at visible wavelengths and D may be several meters, selecting a site with a large r sub 0 becomes critical for 30-100-m baseline systems. A unique problem for such optical systems is the need for a relatively large, flat, approximately 100-m site; however, this is inconsistent with the atmospheric dynamics that produce optical sites. Albuquerque and Chilao Flats results indicate that katabatic flows produce r sub 0 values of 30-50 mm; on the other hand, large mountain tops tend to have large 50-200 m inner layers, making r sub 0 extremely sensitive to the surface heat flux and wind speed. It is concluded that few locations can achieve this; those along the California Pacific Coast and Mauna Kea are two such regions.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Surgical Ventricular Reconstruction for Heart Failure

Congestive heart failure is one of the leading causes of death and complications in the developed world, and coronary artery disease is the major cause of heart failure. Efforts to improve ventricu...
A model of sensible heat transfer across the boundary layer of animal hair coat

Abstract 1. 1.|A mechanistic model that predicts the sensible heat loss through the boundary layer of animal hair coat in relation to the climatic environment and hair coat properties is presented. 2. 2.|The predicted sensible heat loss is positively related with hair density but is negatively related with depth of hair coat. 3. 3.|Wind speed is a major determinant of the rate of heat loss across the boundary layer especially at low air temperatures.
Attitudes toward AIDS

Abstract The present study presented a scale to measure attitudes toward AIDS patients and showed that attitudes toward AIDS patients showed an independence between negative and positive attitudes. Males had stronger negative attitudes toward AIDS patients than females and, for males only, scores on a hysteroid-obsessoid questionnaire were positively associated with positive attitudes toward AIDS patients.
Efficacy and Compatibility of Amprolium and Carbarsone Against Coccidiosis and Blackhead in Turkeys

Amprolium and carbarsone were tested separately and in combination for efficacy in prevention of occidiosis and histomoniasis, respectively. In these studies, amprolium at .0125% in the diet was efficacious in prevention of coccidiosis, and carbarsone had no deleterious effects when fed simultaneously at .0375%. Carbarsone at .0250% was efficacious in prevention of histomoniasis, and amprolium had no deleterious effects when fed concurrently at .025%. These results indicated that both drugs could be used in combination without interference of efficacy against the target diseases.
Non-supersymmetric SO(3)-invariant deformations of Script N = 1* vacua and their dual string theory description

We study the SO(3)-invariant relevant deformations of = 4 SU(N) gauge theory using the methods of Polchinski and Strassler. We present the region of parameter space where the non-supersymmetric vacuum is still described by stable ``dielectric'' five branes within the supergravity approximation.
Electron density profiles in the lower ionosphere due to solar cosmic rays

The ionospheric electron density profiles measured by multiple frequency radio absorption technique are compared with those profiles deduced from particle measurements at balloon altitudes. The electron densities predicted on the basis of the ionospheric parameters and exponential rigidity spectrums of Freier and Webber agree well with the measured profiles. The use of Rane's revised values for the collision frequency along with the predicted electron densities give absorptions somewhat smaller than measured values for some solar events. The contribution of solar alpha particles to the electron densities should be included to resolve the discrepancy. (auth)
Exciton-Phonon Bound State and the Vibronic Spectra of Solids

The final-state interaction between an optically excited LO phonon and an exciton is studied within the framework of a simple two-state model of the exciton. Criteria for the existence of a bound state (EPBS) of the exciton-phonon system are derived, and binding energies and oscillator strengths are computed for various values of the parameters which characterize the model. Our results are consistent with the optical data reported recently for a wide class of ionic crystals with shallow excitons.
Detection of Vacuum Infusion of Pectinmethylesterase in Strawberry by Activity Staining

: Strawberry halves were infused with Valencia orange pectinmethylesterase (PME) under vacuum for 15 min at room temperature. Fruits were blotted onto pectin paper and stained for activity. Activity of PME-infused fruit was about twice (0.36 unit/mL or 0.86 unit/mg protein) that of noninfused control (0.19 unit/mL) or water-infused control (0.16 unit/mL). Instron firmness values were not significantly different (P± 0.05) between noninfused and PME-infused fruit. Firmness of PME-infused fruit was about twice that of water-infused control. Water-soluble pectin, chelator soluble pectin, alkaline soluble pectin, and total pectin ranged from 8.24 to 8.70, 3.24 to 4.56, 3.77 to 5.39, and 17.86 to 26.16 mg/100 mg alcohol insoluble solid (AIS), respectively, for all treatments.
Ultra‐confined Modes in Metal Nanoparticle Arrays for Subwavelength Light Guiding and Amplification

Propagating optical eigenmodes are found in densely packed monolayers of plasmonic nanoparticles on a metal mirror. FDTD numerical calculations show that these 2D waves carry strongly confined and amplified light energy directly in the layer of nanoparticles or in the gap between the nanoparticles and the mirror. The extreme amplification of light intensity and localization at the nanoscale offer a high potential of these waves for photon emission, light harvesting, and waveguiding applications.
Simple concurrent engineering methodology tool for large architectural tradespace exploration

The Aerospace Corporation has been on the leading edge of concurrent engineering design processes in the aerospace industry, based on its development of the Concept Design Center in 1997 [1] and the single spreadsheet Modular Concurrent Engineering Model tool (ModCEM) in 2005 [2]. While these tools allow engineers to rapidly develop satellite point designs given payloads, orbital parameters, and certain key requirements, they are not suitable for conducting large architecture trade studies due to their considerable complexity, as well as the necessity of having a human in-the-loop. With an increased emphasis by the government on developing new satellite solutions that produce superior performance while cutting costs, it is vital to develop a simple, flexible, and accurate tool that can quickly develop spacecraft point designs without requiring a myriad of inputs from a human user in order to explore a broad set of architectures and portfolios. Currently, this tradespace exploration depends heavily on the intuition and experience of the lead systems engineers. Multiple different methodologies are currently under development within the Systems Engineering Division of The Aerospace Corporation, and this paper will focus on one particularly promising option, called the Simple CEM. This tool requires only 23 inputs and has been proven to provide wet mass results within 25% of the total spacecraft mass when compared against a variety of different satellite systems. While this may seem to be a large error bar, this uncertainty is quite reasonable considering the simplicity of the model and the coarse, high-level analysis for which it is intended. At the subsystem level, there is considerable variation from the flight mass values of the mission, but the errors balance out at the space vehicle level.
Processing of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene

The extent of recrystallization of nascent UHMWPE powder is easily measured by calorimetry. Melting and recrystallization of nascent UHMWPE at 140°C can be suppressed by compression molding. Crystals of UHMWPE prepared from dilute solution show a peak melting temperature of 140°C and exhibit crystallinity up to 75.5% depending on crystallization temperature. Large changes in crystallinity result from drawing single crystal mats or compression-molded films.
Damage development in composites with large stress gradients

Abstract Implementation of a meso-scale damage model into the commercial finite element code ABAQUS via user-defined FORTRAN subroutines is described, and the results of investigations on damage development in structural configurations with large stress gradients are presented for carbon-fiber/polymer-matrix composites. The implemented model, which involves damage in both the meso-scale layer and an interface between the layers, is applied in a study of damage growth in finite-width angle-ply coupons and a composite panel with a terminated stiffener. The definition and evolution of state-dependent variables for layer damage is accomplished by means of a user-defined subroutine and the damageable interface is accomplished by using a user-defined element. It is demonstrated that as the fiber orientation progresses from 10 to 45°, the mode of damage changes from interlaminar damage, (i.e. delamination) to intralaminar damage, consistent with experimental observations. Analysis of damage development in the composite panel subjected to uniform compression shows that interlaminar shear stresses produce delamination at the skin-stiffener interface before failure of the panel due to tensile fiber rupture,— again consistent with experimental observations.
Effects of early and delayed wound excision on pulmonary leukosequestration and neutrophil respiratory burst activity in burned mice

Background. Tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a marker of neutrophil (PMN) accumulation in tissues (leukosequestration). We measured MPO in the livers, guts, and lungs of mice after burn injury and studied the additive effect of burn excision on lung MPO. Lung histologic characteristics were also examined. PMN respiratory activity was assessed by measuring intracellular H 2 O 2 content. Methods. Mice received 32% total body surface area (TBSA) burns; some underwent burn excision followed by wound closure with allograft skin, either immediately or 48 hours after burn. Tissue MPO was measured by a colormetric assay, and intracellular H 2 O 2 was quantified by flow cytometry. Results. MPO was elevated in lungs 8 to 24 hours after burn ( p p p p 2 O 2 production was increased in burned mice and was additionally increased after immediate wound excision. Conclusions. Although burn injury produces pulmonary leukosequestration, the phenomenon is unrelated to local effects of burned skin. In this experimental model immediate postburn wound excision increased pulmonary leukosequestration to higher levels than after burn injury alone, and intracellular H 2 O 2 content also increased. Pulmonary leukosequestration may predispose to lung injury, possibly limiting the benefits of wound excision performed extremely early postburn.
The Woman Movement: Feminism in the United States and England

Introductory 1. In the Beginning 2. The Rise of Social Feminism 3. Social Feminism Reaches Maturity 4. Winning the Suffrage 5. The End of Feminism Documents 1. Duties of Women 2. 'Declaration of Sentiments', and 'Resolutions' Adopted by the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 3. 'Marriage of Lucy Stone Under Protest' 4. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 'The Bloomer Costume' 5. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 'Who Are Our Friends?' 6. Laura Curtis Bullard, 'The Slave-Women of America' 7. Olympia Brown's Attack on Immigrants, Given at the National Woman Suffrage Association's Convention in 1889 8. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 'Patriotism and Chastity' 9. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Home 10. National American Woman Suffrage Association, 'Declaration of Principles', 1904 11. Helen M. Winslow, 'Strikes and Their Causes' 12. Josephine Woodward, 'Women's Clubs from a Reporter's Point of View' 13. Martha E. D. White, 'Work of the Woman's Club' 14. Grover Cleveland, 'Woman's Mission and Woman's Clubs' 15. Mary Antin, 'Russia' 16. M. Carey Thomas, 'Present Tendencies in Women's College and University Education' 17. Vida Scudder, 'Class-Consciousness' 18. Anna Howard Shaw: Remarks on Emotionalism in Politics Given at the National American Woman Suffrage Association Convention in 1913 19. Florence Kelly, 'Modern Industry and Morality' 20. Unsigned Editorial, The General Federation of Women's Clubs Magazine, Vol. 16, June 1917 21. Carrie Chapman Catt, 'John Hay, Mrs. Catt, and Patriotism' 22. Ethel Puffer Howes, 'The Meaning of Progress in the Woman Movement'
THE POLITICS OF IDENTIFICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

Abstract Ironically, globalization dynamics reveal the centrality of private sphere activities and their gendered politics to processes of identification, structural inequalities, and political action. Bringing the family/household into relation with nation-states and global capitalism (and vice versa) exposes the pervasive and interactive power of gender(ed) identifications and divisions of labor. Today's global restructuring constitutes an erosion of nation-state power vis-a-vis managing national economies, protecting citizen's rights, and delivering social services. Situating gender and nationalism in this global context problematizes the accountability of nation-states and the pursuit of nationalism and other state-centric identities.
Parenteral Fish Oil as Monotherapy Improves Lipid Profiles in Children With Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Liver Disease

Background: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a life-saving therapy but has been associated with dyslipidemia. Because fish oil has been shown to have positive effects on lipid profiles, the authors hypothesize that a parenteral fish oil lipid emulsion will improve lipid profiles in children who are PN dependent. Methods: The authors examined the lipid profiles of a unique cohort of 10 children who were exclusively administered a fish oil–based lipid emulsion while on PN for a median duration of 14 weeks. Longitudinal data analysis with a generalized estimating equations approach was used to determine the sterol and bilirubin levels based on duration of the fish oil–based lipid emulsion. Results: After 14 weeks of fish oil monotherapy, children had a 24% increase in high-density lipoprotein. Compared to baseline, serum low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels all significantly decreased by 22%, 41%, 17%, and 46%, respectively. Eight children had their bi...
Insights into electrocatalysis

When standard reversible potentials for bulk solution reactions, U0, are known, the reversible potentials when the reactant and product are adsorbed on an electrocatalyst surface, Urevsurf, are given in terms of these potentials and the adsorption Gibbs energy bond strengths:Urevsurf = U0 + ΔadsG (Ox)/F − ΔadsG (R)/F When the ΔadsG (Ox) and ΔadsG (Red) values are known at potential Urevsurf, this equation is exact. When the overpotential for a multi-electron transfer reaction is minimal, each electron transfer takes place at the standard reversible potential for the overall reaction. In the case of O2 reduction to water via the intermediate step OOH(aq) → O(aq) + OH(aq), or via O2(g) → 2O(aq), the respective endergonic O–O dissociation Gibbs energies are shown to be 2.52 eV and 4.76 eV. When the oxygen product and water reactant adsorb weakly, as on platinum, the adsorption Gibbs energies, ΔadsG, for O, OH, and OOH intermediates can be uniquely predicted using these data. All of the above depend exclusively on experimentally determined data. Reversible potentials have been calculated for oxygen reduction steps on the platinum electrocatalyst surface using Interface 1.0, a comprehensive computational code for the potential dependence of the electrochemical interface. Using these results as benchmarks, eqn (i) is found to be accurate to around 0.1 V when the ΔadsG are values calculated for the potentials of zero charge, instead of 1.229 V, which is a significant simplification. The variation in ΔadsG values between the calculated potentials of zero charge and 1.229 V are found to be 0.2 eV V−1 or less. Prior work, using internal adsorption energies calculated at the potential of zero charge in place of Gibbs energies in eqn (i) was found to be accurate to within about 0.2 V. On platinum ΔadsG of the reaction OOH(ads) → O(ads) + OH(ads) is calculated at the potential of zero charge for the reactant and product to be about 1.2 eV exergonic under Langmuir conditions, and this Gibbs energy loss reduces the 1.229 V four-electron reversible potential on the platinum surface to an effective reversible potential of about 0.93 V for this mechanism on platinum. The effective reversible potential is a consequence of efficiency loss, not kinetics. Based on these values, the onset potential for four-electron oxygen reduction will be less than or equal to the effective reversible potential and on pure Pt(111) it appears to be equal to it.
Anti-CD52 antibody, alemtuzumab, binds to Langerhans cells in Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Background The humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, alemtuzumab (or Campath-1H), has been shown to potently deplete lymphocytes in human patients. It has been used to successfully treat graft versus host disease and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CD52 is expressed on normal lymphocytes, monocytes, and some dendritic cell subsets. However, normal Langerhans cells (LC's) in the skin do not bind alemtuzumab. We sought to determine whether the pathologic LC's of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) express CD52 and thus could be targeted by this antibody. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed on both frozen and fixed/paraffin-embedded tissue specimens using either Campath-1G (the parental rat isotype) or Campath-1H (the humanized version of Campath in clinical use). Results Both Campath-1H and Campath-1G were found to bind to the pathologic LC's in LCH, but not the normal LC's of skin. Specific staining was demonstrated in all (13 of 13) LCH specimens examined, though staining was somewhat variable among specimens, and tended to be weaker in paraffin-embedded specimens. Conclusions Expression of CD52 by the pathologic LC's seen in LCH suggests that alemtuzumab may represent a new, targeted therapy for this disease. Such therapy is particularly needed for patients with refractory, high-risk disease. Further investigation of the possible clinical use of this antibody in these patients is warranted. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Trifluorinated ether anesthetic lethality in rats: The role of bacterial infection☆

The lethal effects of the fluorinated ether anesthetics fluroxene (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl vinyl ether) and its ethyl (TFEE) and allyl analogues in male Wistar rats have previously been demonstrated to be potentiated by specific hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450, and mediated by the common metabolite 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). We report here that administration of lethal combinations of anesthetic and cytochrome P-450-inducing agents or of lethal doses of TFE (0.21 g/kg and higher) to rats caused decreased white blood cell counts, necrosis of sternum bone marrow cells and lymphocytes in the thymic cortex, and resulted in Escherichia coli contamination of the blood, lungs, liver, and kidneys of treated rats. Control animals in identical environments were free of bacterial contamination. Pretreatment of rats with the antibiotic tetracycline-HCl in the drinking water (0.6 g/liter) from 24 hr before anesthetic or TFE administration significantly diminished the mortality. With TFEE and beta-naphthoflavone induction, mortality was reduced from 85 to 30% by the antibiotic. However, the antibody plaque assay following immunization with sheep erythrocytes indicated that the primary humoral immune response to a thymus-dependent antigen was not impaired in treated rats. These results considered together indicate that metabolic formation of TFE from the anesthetic agents produced a decreased host resistance with subsequent increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. If not administered the antibiotic, the animals succumbed to the infection.
The primary cilium as a gravitational force transducer and a regulator of transcriptional noise

Circumstantial evidence has suggested that the primary cilium might function as a gravity sensor. Direct evidence of its gravity-sensing function has recently been provided by studies of rohon beard neurons. These neurons showed changes in the variability of gene expression levels that are linked to the cyclic changes in the Earth’s gravitational field due to the Sun and Moon. These cyclic changes also cause the tides. Rohon beard neurons, after the primary cilia have been selectively destroyed, no longer show changes in gene expression variability linked to the cyclic changes in Earth’s gravitational field. After the neurons regrow their primary cilia, the link between variability in gene expression levels and the Earth’s changing gravitational field returns. This suggests two new functions for the primary cilia, detecting the cyclical changes in the Earth’s gravitational field and transducing those changes into changes in the variability (stochastic nature) of gene expression. Developmental Dynamics 237:1955–1959, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of initial take‐up speed on properties and structure of as‐spun and drawn/heat‐set poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments

The effect of initial take-up speed on the properties and structure of both as-spun and drawn/heat-set poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments was characterized through measurements of birefringence, percent crystallinity, tensile properties, high temperature shrinkage, loss tangent temperature dependence, DSC melting behavior, and wide-angle (WAXS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). While a steady trend toward improved as-spun filament orientation and tensile properties occurred with increasing initial take-up speed, the reduced drawability of these more structured precursor filaments resulted in corresponding drawn/heat-set filaments that were of relatively lower overall orientation and tensile strength. The observed trends in tenacity, initial modulus, and high temperature shrinkage of the drawn/heat-set filaments appeared to be well correlated with the extent and distribution of amorphous phase rigidity as perceived through inferences made from the loss tangent temperature dependence. The WAXS patterns of the drawn/heat-set samples indicated that these filaments all possess a well-developed and highly oriented crystalline structure. Application of a simple two phase model allowed the determination of an amorphous orientation factor, which for the drawn/heat-set filaments was generally found to decrease as the draw ratio imposed in order to achieve comparable levels of elongation to break decreased. The SAXS patterns of the drawn/heat-set filaments indicated that comparable long period spacings exist in all cases and that a transition from a four-point pattern to a two-point bar-shaped pattern occurred when the precursor filament possessed some significant amount of as-spun crystallinity. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2115–2131, 1998
Mechanical Behavior of Magnesium Oxide at High Temperatures

Magnesium oxide crystals show a wide variety of deformation and fracture modes under tension. These modes are determined by the number of slip systems operating concurrently in a given volume. (1) At low temperatures, slip is confined to a single (110) (110) system and plasticity is limited by stress concentrations which develop where slip switches from one plane to another. (2) At intermediate temperatures, (110) (110) slip systems at 90° can interpenetrate but those at 60° cannot. Mechanical properties then depend on the initial slip distribution. When slip is confined to 90° systems there is little work hardening and crystals neck down to a knife-edge ductile fracture. When slip is confined to 60° systems, crystals work harden and fracture by cleavage. (3) At high temperatures, dislocations can interpenetrate on all systems and polygonization can occur. After easy glide the crystals work harden and elongate over 100% before fracturing in a completely ductile manner. The transition temperature from one mode to another depends on strain rate.
Facilitation and Inhibition of the Estrogen-Induced Luteinizing Hormone Surge in the Rat by Progesterone: Effects on Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Estrogen Receptors in the Hypothalamus-Preoptic Area, Pituitary, and Uterus*

The possibility that inhibition and facilitation of estrogen-induced LH surges by progesterone could be associated with effects of this steroid on the concentration, subcellular distribution, or molecular properties of estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus-preoptic area (HPOA) and pituitary was investigated. Immature rats (28 days old) that received Silastic capsules containing estradiol-17 beta in oil (150 micrograms/ml) at 0900 h had LH surges between 1700 and 2000 h on day 29. This treatment led to depletion of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors (to 25-35% of control levels) and their accumulation in the nucleus. Insertion of crystalline progesterone implants concomitantly with estradiol implants or 24 h later resulted in blockade or enhancement of the LH surge, respectively. Progesterone administered in either mode did not significantly after the levels of estrogen receptors in the HPOA and pituitary; however, progesterone did suppress the quantity of both cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors in the uterus when administered in conjunction with estradiol for 24 h oe for 8 h after 24-h estrogen priming. The binding affinity and sedimentation properties in sucrose gradients of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors were unchanged by progesterone treatment. The specificity of the effects of progesterone on LH secretion was examined. Testosterone, dexamethasone, and the synthetic progestin R5020 (17,21-dimethyl-19-nor-4,9-pregnadien-3,20-dione) also inhibited LH surges when injected 8 h after placement of estradiol implants in 28-day-old rats. Only progesterone and R5020 brought about premature and sustained LH release when given to estradiol-primed rats at 0900 h on day 29. None of these compounds interfered directly with the binding of [3H]estradiol to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors. In conclusion, modulation by progesterone of the estrogen-induced LH surge does not seem to result from effects on neural and hypophysial estrogen receptors. In contrast, suppression of uterine estrogen receptors by progesterone may account in part for antagonism by this steroid of estrogen-stimulated uterine growth.
Relationship between the subunit structure of insulin receptor and its competence to bind insulin and undergo phosphorylation.

Abstract Insulin receptor partially purified from human placenta by chromatography on immobilized wheat germ agglutinin was subjected to affinity cross linking to determine the relationship between the subunit structure of the multiple forms of the insulin receptor and their competence to bind insulin and undergo autophosphorylation. It was demonstrated that, whereas the 340-kDa intact receptor undergoes autophosphorylation, the 290- and 320-kDa insulin binding forms of the receptor do not. Phosphorylation at tyrosyl residues in the intact receptor was verified using a new facile method for determination of phosphorylated amino acids. The competence of the phosphorylated 340-kDa protein to bind insulin was demonstrated using a double-probe labeling protocol wherein receptor phosphorylated with [γ-32P]ATP was cross-linked with disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) in the presence of NϵB29-biotinylinsulin. The observation that succinylavidin, by virtue of its interaction with biotinyl residues, decreased the electrophoretic mobility of receptor radiochemically labeled with 32P indicated that the phosphorylated 340-kDa protein was competent to bind insulin. This result is compelling evidence that the 340-kDa phosphorylated species is insulin receptor itself, rather than a closely associated contaminant. Treatment of the receptor with the crosslinking agent DSS produced (after reduction and denaturation) α-dimer, β-dimer, and a smaller amount of tetramer. This observation is consistent with a symmetrical, tetrameric, α2β2structure for insulin receptor from human placenta, and excludes previously proposed alternative structures containing one α and One β Chain.
An analysis of possible advanced space strategies featuring the role of space resource utilization

Unresolved issues in space planning in the U.S. are examined, focusing on space resource utilization. The role of the Space Station, determining the most profitable space exploration strategies, and space resource use are discussed. Performance modeling suggests that lunar oxygen is useful on the moon and economical in LEO if lunar hydrogen is available. It is found that the use of volatile materials from Phobos and Deimos might be undertaken if lunar hydrogen is unavailable. It is suggested that resource synergisms between operations in the Mars system and in earth-moon space have important commercial possibilities.
Practice makes perfect: progressive improvement of laparoscopic pyloromyotomy results, with experience.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pyloric stenosis can now be treated effectively with laparoscopic pyloromyotomy (LP). Few large outcome studies have been published regarding the laparoscopic technique. In this paper, we describe our experience with the first 185 consecutive LPs. Materials and Methods: An institutional review board-approved retrospective outcomes analysis was performed on our first 185 consecutive LPs. Previous publications comparing open pyloromyotomy (OP) and LP are reviewed. Our hypothesis is that, with experience, the outcome of LP will equal or surpass that of OP. Results: A total 185 infants underwent LPs during the study period. The infants had median values of age: 33 days; body weight: 4 kg; surgery duration: 25 minutes; postoperative length of stay (LOS): 25.5 hours; and total LOS: 45 hours. There were 7 complications (3.78%): 4 incomplete pyloromyotomies (2.2%), 1 pyloric mucosal perforation (0.5%), 1 delayed duodenal perforation (0.5%), and 1 wound infection (0.5%). There has been a pro...