cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From Hunting to Watching: Human Interactions with Cetaceans

Whales and dolphins have been hunted since antiquity in many parts of the world. Although whaling started as a commercial enterprise in Europe in the eleventh century, it was not until the seventeenth century that the industry expanded rapidly. Early whaling targeted right and bowhead whales and then shifted to sperm whales. Technological developments in the nineteenth century allowed other species to be exploited, and at the end of the century, the possibilities of whaling in the Antarctic were realised. Nearly three million whales were killed in the twentieth century, with several populations reduced to 5% of their historical size, or less. The International Whaling Commission was established in 1946 and manages whaling, and it introduced a whaling moratorium in 1982. Despite this moratorium whales are still caught by Norwegian, Icelandic and Japanese whalers. Indigenous communities are given quotas to hunt whales, although not without some controversy. Small cetaceans are also hunted, by indigenous communities, and there are sizeable hunts in several locations such as Peru, the Faroe Islands and Japan. Human interactions with cetaceans also include indirect interactions via pollutants. One type of interaction for which there is growing concern is whale and dolphin watching. Despite many locations having guidelines or regulations to minimise the impacts of this type of tourism, compliance is often low. However, if properly managed, whale watching could be an economically valuable, non-consumptive, use of living whales as a resource by humans.
Structure of the Node of Ranvier

The axolemma of myelinated nerve fibers has been shown to be markedly nonuniform with respect to the distribution of ion channels. Specifically, sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier (Nonner et al., 1975; Conti et al., 1976; Ritchie and Rogart, 1977; Chiu, 1980; Sigworth, 1980) but sparse elsewhere (Brismar, 1981; Chiu and Ritchie, 1982), while potassium channels, especially in mammals, appear to have the converse distribution (Kocsis and Waxman, 1980; Sherratt et al., 1980; Smith and Schauf, 1981; Chiu and Ritchie, 1982). Until recently, ultrastructural studies have been rather disappointing in demonstrating counterpart structural specializations. Although the node has selective staining properties (Waxman and Quick, 1977), the nodal axolemma itself is not distinctive in electron micrographs of sectioned fibers and is characterized only by an ill-defined cytoplasmic undercoating associated with its inner surface (Peters, 1966). The freeze-fracture technique, however, reveals striking structural specializations in both nodal (Rosenbluth, 1976; Kristol et al., 1978; Tao-Cheng and Rosenbluth, 1980b) and paranodal (Livingston et al., 1973; Dermietzel, 1974; Schnapp and Mugnaini, 1975) regions of the axolemma, thus reintroducing the possibility of correlations that might permit structural identification of specific ionophores. Such correlations initially appeared not to be straightforward, largely because of inconsistencies in the physiologic data, but recent studies suggest that the sodium channels, at least, may be identifiable (Rosenbluth, 1981b). The purpose of this chapter will be to review the relevant structural and physiological studies and to discuss the correlations that have been proposed.
Excavating Communities: Lewis R. Binford and the Interpretation of the Archaeological Record in Illinois

Lewis Binford’s contributions to field archaeology have been largely ignored in favor of his many contributions to theoretical issues dominating the discipline of archaeology at the end of the twen...
An economic view of prophet inequalities

Over the past decade, an exciting connection has developed between the theory of posted-price mechanisms and the prophet inequality, a result from the theory of optimal stopping. This survey provides an overview of this literature, covering extensions and applications of the prophet inequality through the lens of an economic proof of this classic result. We focus on highlighting ways in which the economic perspective drives new advances in the theory of online stochastic optimization, and vice versa.
A Nanosecond Time-Resolved Fluorescence Study of Recombinant Human Myelin Basic Protein

Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a major component of myelin and plays a central role in the maintenance of its compact multilayered structure. Tryptophan fluorescence is sensitive to environmental factors such as polarity and rotational mobility and often reflects conformational changes in proteins. This work describes a detailed examination of the time-resolved emission properties of the single tryptophan of recombinant human myelin basic protein. Fluorescence decay curves were collected at two separate excitation wavelengths and at different wavelengths across the emission spectrum. The fitting parameters obtained with the aid of global analysis were combined with steady-state emission spectra collected from the same samples and are presented as decay-associated spectra (DAS) and time-resolved emission spectra (TRES). The effects of temperature and binding to anionic membranes on the decay of emission of MBP were investigated. The changes in fitted parameters and the appearance of DAS and TRES as a function of experimental conditions are interpreted in terms of variation in the local environment of the single tryptophan in MBP. The implications of the changes in local environment resulting from experimental treatments are discussed in the context of the overall conformation of MBP and are compared to structural and photophysical properties of MBP obtained from the central nervous system tissue of several species [P. Cavatorta, S. Giovanelli, A. Bobba, P. Riccio, and E. Quagliariello, Acta Neurol. (Napoli) 13, 162–169, (1991; P. Cavatorta, S. Giovanelli, A. Bobba, P. Riccio, A. G. Szabo, and E. Quagliarello, Biophys. J. 66, 1174–1179, 1994; P. Cavatorta, L. Masotti, A. G. Szabo, D. Juretic, P. Riccio, and E. Quagliariello, Cell Biophys. 13, 201–215, 1988].
Attitudes and experiences of swinging couples

Swinging involves emotionally committed romantic partners engaging in sex with others, typically in the presence of one’s partner. Previous studies of the demographics, attitudes and behaviours of ...
Theoretical and Mathematical Basis of GLC

This chapter mathematically defines concepts that form various General Line Coordinates (GLCs). It provides relevant algorithms and statements that describe mathematical properties of GLCs and relations that GLCs represent. The theoretical basis of a GLC is considered in connection with the Johnson-Lindenstrauss Lemma.
1635a Sufficient periods of daily rest for adequate sleep and recovery

A growing attention has been paid to a rest (non-work) period to upgrade our working life. This is quite meaningful for overworking countries such as Japan, where several regulatory actions have been made towards duration of working hours. The most essential strategy for managing rest after work is to set its minimum duration as in the European Union’s Working Time Directive, i.e., consecutive 11 hours per 24 hour period (Minimum11). A series of research in our group provide evidence on the role of daily rest period (DRP) in health and well-being. The cross-sectional findings indicated decreases in stress responses and nonrestorative sleep in employees with DRP longer than 12 hours (Tsuchiya , et al , Ind Health. 2017). Diastolic blood pressure was found to be lower when DRP became 14 hours or longer (Ikeda , et al , J Occup Environ Med. 2017). Detailed analysis for sleep duration and quality revealed favourable results in a DRP-dose dependent manner (Ikeda , et al , in submission). Specifically, 6 hours of sleep needed at least 11 hours of DRP. Good quality of sleep as assessed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was possible by taking a sleep for 14 hours or more. The prospective data showed a decline in short ( , et al , in preparation). Also, employees who persistently exposed to the monthly Minimum11 reported higher levels of short sleep and nonrestorative sleep when their commute time was longer than 1 hour. These associations were consistent after controlling for age, gender, weekly work hours, and psychosocial work characteristics at baseline. The secured DRP is thus expected to produce the benefit for us through optimised sleep and recovery.
Metals in Methanotrophy

Metals play a pivotal role during one-carbon metabolism as they are important catalysts for numerous enzymatic reactions, can be used for electron transfer, enable radical chemistry, and enhance enzymatic substrate affinity. Metals also coordinate the expression of genes that are involved in their own sensing, sequestration, transport, storage, and use to ensure that their accumulation does not become toxic. Metals such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lanthanides (Ln), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), and tungsten (W) are particularly important for methanotrophy. This chapter will describe the role in catalysis for each one of these micronutrients along with the structural and mechanistic details of important catalytic centers. Sensing, uptake, and sequestration mechanisms will be highlighted along with changes in metabolism due to metal limitations during environmental and biotechnological processes. The diverse metal-dependent regulatory effects during methanotrophy will also be addressed, and metal-dependent advances in biotechnology and sustainability will be briefly described.
Characterization of a Cold Atmospheric Pressure Helium Plasma Jet for Biomedical Experiments

While cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPPs) 1 and electric pulses (EPs) 2 have demonstrated excellent potential for sterilization, wound healing, and cancer treatment, synergistic combinations have only rarely been considered. 3 While EPs induce biological effects predominantly by membrane charging 2, CAPPs induce effects by creating reactive species that change cellular function 1. To explore the parameter space for these synergistic effects, we assess the impact of combining a helium plasma jet 4 with an electric pulse in various combinations beyond those considered previously with an argon jet 3. Understanding and optimizing the biological effects of these treatments requires measuring the reactive species and comparing those to the resulting biological effects, such as cell death or membrane permeabilization. We spatially characterize the cold helium plasma by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) using an optical fiber/convex lens pair. We project an approximately 4 cm plasma plume, generated by a 2 kV high voltage system with a helium flow rate of 1.0 lpm, onto the OES system. This permits the spatial characterization of the molecular species as they vary along the plume length by using key molecular emission lines. Potential implications for biophysical experiments are discussed.
Prayer and Charitable Behavior

AbstractI propose a theoretical framework to understand how prayer influences charitable volunteering and financial giving. Drawing on work from symbolic interaction and cognitive psychology, I arg...
The Atomistic Family — Fact or Fiction

Many sciences are taxonomic-then subject matter is classified into categories to each of which certain non-overlapping true statements may be made. This is not so in family sociology. With a few ve...
Inquiry-Based IR-Spectroscopy Activity Using iSpartan or Spartan for Introductory-Organic-Chemistry Students

An inquiry-based activity is described in which organic-chemistry students explore how IR radiation impacts functional-group-bond movements. Through the iSpartan and Spartan apps, students calculate the IR spectra for select organic compounds and manipulate the resulting 3D models and IR spectra to visualize bond vibrations. After developing an IR-frequency chart on the basis of these observations, the students analyze spectral data for the presence of functional groups. The results showed that students successfully prepared the chart and analyzed IR-spectral data without previous experience with IR spectroscopy or instructor intervention. Student responses to the inquiry-based learning activity were favorable. This activity was implemented at three academic institutions over a 4 year period and is an attractive approach for students to explore IR spectroscopy in a nonthreatening environment.
Doing Business in Cameroon: An Anatomy of Economic Governance

This book interrogates the complexities of economic governance across four sectors: cattle trade, trucking, public contracting and NGO work, through an oft neglected lens in economic accounts of Af...
In their own words: Nurses countering workplace incivility

The inexcusable effects of workplace incivility on Registered Nurses (RNs) have been extensively noted in the literature and social media. Terms such as bullying, hostile, incivility, and others have been used to describe negative behaviors that affect all health-care workers. These effects can have devastating consequences on the quality of the personal and professional lives of RNs. A qualitative research study examined how extensive the distress of workplace incivility actually is in the healthcare environment. The study also captured the perceptions of the interviewed RNs noting their own description of the destructive force incivility has upon nurses. RN's were asked their personal insights of what interventions might stop or prevent such behavior. Based on both of these findings, a collection of resources has been compiled with the intent to support RNs in managing uncivil behaviors. Although the study was a specific evaluation of RNs, the findings are applicable to other health care specialties as well.
Unveiling the Photo‐ and Thermal‐Stability of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals

Lead halide perovskites possess unique characteristics that are well-suited for optoelectronic and energy capture devices, however, concerns about their long-term stability remain. Limited stability is often linked to the methylammonium cation, and all-inorganic CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals have been reported with improved stability. In this work, the photostability and thermal stability properties of CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals were investigated by means of electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with FTIR (TGA-FTIR), ensemble and single particle spectral characterization. CsPbBr3 was found to be stable under 1-sun illumination for 16 h in ambient conditions, although single crystal luminescence analysis after illumination using a solar simulator indicates that the luminescence states are changing over time. CsPbBr3 was also stable to heating to 250 °C. Large CsPbI3 crystals (34±5 nm) were shown to be the least stable composition under the same conditions as both XRD reflections and Raman bands diminish under irradiation; and with heating the γ (black) phase reverts to the non-luminescent δ phase. Smaller CsPbI3 nanocrystals (14±2 nm) purified by a different washing strategy exhibited improved photostability with no evidence of crystal growth but were still thermally unstable. Both CsPbCl3 and CsPbBr3 show crystal growth under irradiation or heat, likely with a preferential orientation based on XRD patterns. TGA-FTIR revealed nanocrystal mass loss was only from liberation and subsequent degradation of surface ligands. Encapsulation or other protective strategies should be employed for long-term stability of these materials under conditions of high irradiance or temperature.
An Anatomic Variant of the Ansa Cervicalis Precluding Its Use as a Donor Nerve.

Background:The ansa cervicalis is useful for cranial nerve repair, and may be harvested without apparent morbidity. Herein we report an unusual and surgically relevant anatomic variant of the ansa ...
Better Transplant Outcomes with Umbilical Cord Stem Cells in Patients with Dyskeratosis Congenita

Abstract Background:Dyskeratosis congenita (DKC) is a rare genetic bone marrow failure (BMF) syndrome of unknown etiology with a multisystem involvement and predisposition for cancer. It presents as a classic triad of dystrophic nails, oral leukoplakia and skin hyperpigmentation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has been tried as a treatment option but there is limited data on outcomes in these patients. Methods:As the disease is rare with high mortality, there have been no prospective studies. Retrospective database analysis is an effective means to evaluate outcomes in this patient population. Our study utilized Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) database, which is an administrative quality-controlled database from 43 not-for-profit children's hospital, to analyze healthcare outcomes in pediatric patients with DKC. ICD-9 code 757.39 was used to identify the disease classification and as the only condition with an indication for stem cell transplant, we isolated the cases that underwent HSCT with that diagnostic code. Results: A total of 40 patients with DKC were identified who underwent transplant. A higher incidence was noted in Caucasian males with no significant difference in mortality across gender and ethnicity. The median length of hospitalization was 48 days (range 8.5 to 160.5 days) with a mean age of hospital admission at 93 months (95% CI: 70, 117). All the transplants were allogeneic with almost 20% umbilical cord (UCT) stem cell transplants. There was 15% mortality noted in this patient population, with all of deaths occurring prior to 2012. The complication rate (including acute and chronic GVHD as well as graft failure) was noted to be 37.5%, with acute GVHD being most common (20%). Fludarabine, Alemtuzumab, Cyclophosphamide, and Melphalan based conditioning regimen were most commonly used. Cyclosporine (65%), steroids (80%), Mycophenolate mofetil (50%) and Tacrolimus (40%) were commonly used for GVHD prophylaxis. Despite small numbers, significantly lower mortality was noted in UCT as compared to the other allogeneic stem cell transplants (p Conclusion: Limited literature is available on pediatric transplant outcome data in DKC. UCT has better transplant outcomes in DKC patients due to longer telomere lengths of donor stem cells. Larger studies are needed for to compare transplant outcomes from different sources. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Housewives at the end of the world. Chilean women living in Antarctica, 1984–1986

ABSTRACTOver time, Antarctica has been mainly inhabited and dominated by men. It is only in recent decades that the number of women in the icy continent increased, also gaining influence on the fut...
Multiphase Computed Tomographic Enterography: Diagnostic Yield and Efficacy in Patients With Suspected Small Bowel Bleeding.

Abstract Objective To estimate the diagnostic yield and efficacy of multiphase computed tomographic enterography (mpCTE) for suspected small bowel bleeding in routine clinical practice. Patients and Methods All mpCTEs performed between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2014, for suspected small bowel bleeding were included and classified by a gastroenterologist and an abdominal radiologist. The reference standard for a definitive diagnosis was balloon-assisted enteroscopic, angiographic, surgical, or pathologic results. Overall and lesion-specific diagnostic yield (DY), sensitivity, and positive predictive value were calculated. The relationship of mpCTE diagnosis and continued bleeding or iron supplementation was examined using logistic regression in patients with at least 1 year of follow-up. Results We identified 1087 patients who had an initial mpCTE indication of small bowel bleeding. The overall DY was 31.6% (344 of 1087 patients; 95% CI, 29.0%-35.0%), higher for an indication of small bowel bleeding that was overt or occult with heme-positive stool vs occult with only iron-deficiency anemia (DY, 35.0% [170 of 486] and 35.3% [66 of 187] vs 26.1% [108 of 414]; P=.004 and P=.02, respectively). The highest sensitivity and positive predictive value were for small bowel masses (90.2% [55 of 61] and 98.2% [55 of 56], respectively). Higher risk of future bleeding and iron supplementation was seen with a negative result on mpCTE (odds ratio [OR], 1.91; 95% CI, 1.28-2.86), lack of surgical intervention (OR, 4.37; 95% CI, 2.31-8.29), or discrepant balloon-assisted enteroscopic findings (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.03-6.09). Conclusion Multiphase computed tomographic enterography has a higher rate of detection in patients with overt bleeding or heme-positive stool. The procedure provides actionable targets for further intervention and leads to substantially reduced rates of rebleeding in long-term follow-up.
Drug Evaluation during the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Drug Evaluation during the Covid-19 Pandemic The search for a treatment for Covid-19 is testing our country’s ability to quickly develop, test, and deploy medications, and several aspects of the U....
Reducing withdrawal and failure rates in introductory programming with subgoal labeled worked examples

Programming a computer is an increasingly valuable skill, but dropout and failure rates in introductory programming courses are regularly as high as 50%. Like many fields, programming requires students to learn complex problem-solving procedures from instructors who tend to have tacit knowledge about low-level procedures that they have automatized. The subgoal learning framework has been used in programming and other fields to breakdown procedural problem solving into smaller pieces that novices can grasp more easily, but it has only been used in short-term interventions. In this study, the subgoal learning framework was implemented throughout a semester-long introductory programming course to explore its longitudinal effects. Of 265 students in multiple sections of the course, half received subgoal-oriented instruction while the other half received typical instruction. Learning subgoals consistently improved performance on quizzes, which were formative and given within a week of learning a new procedure, but not on exams, which were summative. While exam performance was not statistically better, the subgoal group had lower variance in exam scores and fewer students dropped or failed the course than in the control group. To better understand the learning process, we examined students’ responses to open-ended questions that asked them to explain the problem-solving process. Furthermore, we explored characteristics of learners to determine how subgoal learning affected students at risk of dropout or failure. Students in an introductory programming course performed better on initial assessments when they received instructions that used our intervention, subgoal labels. Though the students did not perform better than the control group on exams on average, they were less likely to get failing grades or to drop the course. Overall, subgoal labels seemed especially effective for students who might otherwise struggle to pass or complete the course.
Systems Engineering for Healing Healthcare: The Journey from Compliance to Resilience

As healthcare strives to improve its reliability, we seek to inform healthcare systems with perspectives beyond prescription and compliance. This paper describes states of Readiness for gauging preparedness at different structural levels to facilitate strategic planning toward continuous improvement. Healthcare systems of all sizes and complexities can utilize the concept of Readiness to prioritize preparation required to anticipate change and adapt to variability associated with delivery of safe and effective healthcare by building on approaches experienced by the author in designing, training for, and conducting complex Space operations.
Transformation-induced fracture toughening in CuAlBe shape memory alloys: A phase-field study

Abstract Stress-induced martensitic transformation ahead of a crack tip can relax the stress concentration and produce fracture toughness in shape memory alloys (SMAs). In this manuscript, we utilize a non-isothermal phase-field model (PFM) to study the martensitic transformation induced crack tip toughening in CuAlBe SMA. The force-displacement curve, transformation zone and high stress zone in single crystalline samples show high dependency on the grain orientation with respect to the crack alignment. Comparison between isothermal and non-isothermal simulations reveals that the transformation-induced self-heating decreases the toughening capability by increasing the critical transformation stress. Investigating the high stress zones in CuAlBe and the non-transforming CuAl alloy shows that the toughening is obtained by redistributing the stress concentration far from the crack tip, as the high stress zone follows the moving tip of the transformation zone. Increasing the acuity of the crack tip is found to generate more symmetric martensite wings on both side of the crack axis, and a more localized high stress zone. The polycrystal specimen displays higher toughening due to the internal constraints related to the presence of various grains with difference orientations. Depending on the orientation of the grain inclosing the crack tip, the toughening effect can be lower or higher. Coincidence of the crack tip with a triple junction is found to improve the toughening behavior.
Comparing Component-Based and Occupation-Based Interventions of a Person with Visual Deficits' Performance.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of component-based, occupation-based, and a combined intervention for visual-scanning to improve occupational performance. This exploratory case study used a 55-year-old female, seven years post-stroke with visual field deficits, who completed a component-based intervention (Vision Coach), an occupation-based intervention (IADL activities that incorporated scanning tasks), and a combined intervention. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) was completed prior to and after each intervention. Participant's data was compared between interventions and AMPS standardization sample, with observable improvements in motor skills and process skills. Visual-scanning training as a compensatory method appears to be effective for chronic visual field deficits post-stroke, particularly using component-based and occupation-based interventions in combination.
Firm-Specific Assets and the Link between Exchange Rates and Japanese Foreign Direct Investment in the United States--A Re-examination

Blonigen has studied Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) in the USA using panel count models and data for 1975–92. He reports that appreciation of Japanese yen had a positive impact on Japanese FDI in the USA. We re–examine the robustness of this conclusion using Blonigen’s data and a family of econometric models—finite mixture panel count models—that are more flexible and appear to provide an improved fit to his data. Although our results broadly support Blonigen’s conclusions regarding the link between the exchange rate and Japanese FDI in the USA, our approach highlights the considerable diversity in the response of FDI to exchange rate variations. JEL Classification Number: C25.
Fire alters plant microbiome assembly patterns: integrating the plant and soil microbial response to disturbance

It is increasingly evident that the plant microbiome is a strong determinant of plant health. While the ability to manipulate the microbiome in plants and ecosystems recovering from disturbance may be useful, our understanding of the plant microbiome in regenerating plant communities is currently limited. Using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region amplicon sequencing, we characterized the leaf, stem, fine root, rhizome, and rhizosphere microbiome of < 1-yr-old aspen saplings and the associated bulk soil after a recent high-intensity prescribed fire across a burn severity gradient. Consistent with previous studies, we found that soil microbiomes are responsive to fire. We extend these findings by showing that certain plant tissue microbiomes also change in response to fire. Differences in soil microbiome compositions could be attributed to soil chemical characteristics, but, generally, plant tissue microbiomes were not related to plant tissue elemental concentrations. Using source tracking modeling, we also show that fire influences the relative dominance of microbial inoculum and the vertical inheritance of the sapling microbiome from the parent tree. Overall, our results demonstrate how fire impacts plant microbiome assembly, diversity, and composition and highlights potential for further research towards increasing plant fitness and ecosystem recovery after fire events.
Circuit Topology Estimation in an Adaptive Protection System

The goal of this paper is to utilize machine learning (ML) techniques for estimating the distribution circuit topology in an adaptive protection system. In a reconfigurable distribution system with multiple tie lines, the adaptive protection system requires knowledge of the existing circuit topology to adapt the correct settings for the relay. Relays rely on the communication system to identify the latest status of remote breakers and tie lines. However, in the case of communication system failure, the performance of adaptive protection system can be significantly impacted. To tackle this challenge, the remote circuit breakers and tie lines' status are estimated locally at a relay to identify the circuit topology in a reconfigurable distribution system. This paper utilizes Support Vector Machine (SVM) to forecast the status of remote circuit breakers and identify the circuit topology. The effectiveness of proposed approach is verified on two sample test systems.
An engineered, orthogonal auxin analog/AtTIR1(F79G) pairing improves both specificity and efficacy of the auxin degradation system in Caenorhabditis elegans

The auxin-inducible degradation system in C. elegans allows for spatial and temporal control of protein degradation via heterologous expression of a single Arabidopsis thaliana F-box protein, transport inhibitor response 1 (AtTIR1). In this system, exogenous auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) enhances the ability of AtTIR1 to function as a substrate recognition component that adapts engineered degron-tagged proteins to the endogenous C. elegans E3 ubiquitin ligases complex (SKR-1/2-CUL-1-F-box (SCF)), targeting them for degradation by the proteosome. While this system has been employed to dissect the developmental functions of many C. elegans proteins, we have found that several auxin-inducible degron (AID)-tagged proteins are constitutively degraded by AtTIR1 in the absence of auxin, leading to undesired loss-of-function phenotypes. In this manuscript, we adapt an orthogonal auxin-derivative/mutant AtTIR1 pair (C. elegans AID version 2 (C.e.AIDv2)) that transforms the specificity of allosteric regulation of TIR1 from IAA to one that is dependent on an auxin derivative harboring a bulky aryl group (5-Ph-IAA). We find that a mutant AtTIR1(F79G) allele that alters the ligand binding interface of TIR1 dramatically reduces ligand-independent degradation of multiple AID*-tagged proteins. In addition to solving the ectopic degradation problem for some AID targets, addition of 5-Ph-IAA to culture media of animals expressing AtTIR1(F79G) leads to more penetrant loss-of-function phenotypes for AID*-tagged proteins than those elicited by the AtTIR1-IAA pairing at similar auxin analog concentrations. The improved specificity and efficacy afforded by the mutant AtTIR1(F79G) allele expands the utility of the AID system and broadens the number of proteins that can be effectively targeted with it.
Historical Encounters with the Digital Present

Solitude has two distinct values for Rousseau. First, it is in the solitary life of the state of nature that man is able to perceive the sentiment of his own existence. Natural man’s downfall comes when solitude is traded for community and his inherent sense of self is replaced by his sense of the value others place upon him. Second, under the social contract, it is in solitude that man is able to ascertain the general will. Common deliberation, the hallmark of modern democratic decision-making, was the vehicle by which men led others away from the general will to coalesce around a particular will. Perhaps the greatest impact social media has had on modern life has been the degree to which it has rendered solitude elusive. Our state of perpetual connectedness may be voluntary but, as with our social presence in Rousseau’s day, it may nonetheless be detrimental. Seemingly, no single thought is kept to oneself, but rather all are condensed to 140 characters or less and put forth for public comment. If Rousseau found it detrimental for us to gather to deliberate the best policy choices for the community, what of the contemporary proclivity for soliciting input on our every inchoate thought? And what might the consequences of this be on political thought? This paper will consider the impact of new social media on political opinion formation and on our sense of our political selves. Added to the cacophony of opinions expressed on cable television are the status updates, posts and tweets from friends, followers, political opinion leaders and policy makers themselves. This leaves little room for one to thoughtfully consider one’s own opinion in the absence of external influence. We operate under the assumption that more information is always better, but Rousseau would beg to differ. Short of withdrawing from social media altogether (and perhaps from social life altogether), we have made it increasingly difficult to engage in the kind of solitary contemplation that Rousseau thought necessary to our well-being as humans and to the identification of policies best for ourselves and our communities.
Dosimetric and Clinical Factors Associated With Increased Risk of Reconstruction Complications in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Post-Mastectomy Radiation.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Approximately 30% of women who receive post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) in the setting of breast reconstruction suffer from reconstruction complications. This study aims to assess clinical and dosimetric factors associated with the risk of reconstruction complications after PMRT, with the ultimate goal of identifying a dosimetric constraint that can be utilized clinically to limit this risk. MATERIALS/METHODS We retrospectively identified 41 patients who underwent modified radical (MRM) or nipple or skin-sparing mastectomy followed by immediate or delayed reconstruction (autologous or implant-based) and radiation at a single institution from 2015-2020. Reconstruction complications were defined as flap or implant failure, necrosis, capsular contracture, cellulitis/infection, implant rupture, implant malposition, leakage/rupture, unplanned operation or hospitalization, and hematoma/seroma. Clinical and dosimetric variables (such as dose heterogeneity measured by V105) associated with complications were assessed with uni- and multivariate analyses using Fischer exact, logistic regression, and 1-sided Wilcoxon rank sum tests. RESULTS The mean age was 50 years, mean BMI 28.1 kg/m^2, 20% of patients had diabetes mellitus, and 29% had significant smoking history. 18 patients underwent MRM and 23 nipple or skin-sparing mastectomy. 11 patients received autologous reconstruction while 30 patients received an implant. 12 patients underwent delayed reconstruction while 29 patients underwent immediate reconstruction. 39 patients were treated using 3D-CRT and 2 using VMAT. Median prescribed dose was 50 Gy in 25 fractions, 14 patients received a radiation boost (range 8-16 Gy), and 26 were treated with bolus. Twelve patients (29%) suffered from reconstructioncomplications (6 capsular contracture, 3 necrosis, 4 infection/cellulitis, 1 hematoma, 1 implant rupture) which led to flap or implant failure in 5 patients. Median time to complication following reconstruction was 8 months. 32% of patients with immediate and 20% with delayed reconstruction suffered a complication, respectively. There were no local failures. V105 (P = 0.04), smoking (P = 0.02), and use of bolus (P = 0.03) were associated with increased complication rates on univariate analysis. The complication rates were 37% when V105 > 20% versus 10% when V105 < 20%; 58% in smokers versus 17% in nonsmokers; and 42% with bolus versus 7% without. Only smoking history remained significant in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Plan heterogeneity can influence the risk of reconstruction complications. Pending further validation, V105 < 20% can serve as a reasonable guide to limit this risk. Bolus should be used selectively in this setting and optimization of clinical factors such as smoking cessation can further reduce risk.
Remotely Supervised Home-Based Resistance Training and Orthostatic Tolerance in Young Physically Inactive Women During COVID-19

Introduction: Orthostatic intolerance (OI) is the inability of the cardiovascular system to adequately adjust to gravity upon standing, resulting in lightheadedness or syncope. OI can be characteristic of pathology (e.g. postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome), which disproportionately affect women, and is compounded by inactivity. Thus, we tested the effects of remotely supervised home-based, 4-week resistance training (RT) program vs. control on the orthostatic stress response of previously inactive young females using the NASA Lean Test (NLT). Methods: Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, and heart rate (HR) were assessed during the NLT, pre- and post-training, along with fitness and body composition in females randomized to RT or control (n=7). Results: RT improved fitness (group*intervention, p=0.047) and fat-mass (-3.4±2.9 vs. +0.3±0.7Δlbs, p=0.037) over control. The NLT significantly altered SBP, DBP, and HR (all, p<0.01). For SBP, the interaction of group*intervention approached significance (p=0.071), lowering SBP in the RT group with the intervention. In DBP, the group*intervention was not significant (p=0.558). For HR, the group*intervention interaction approached significance (p=0.066). Conclusions: In the current study, short-term remotely-supervised RT using bands tended to decrease SBP and HR during orthostatic stress in young, otherwise healthy, previously inactive females, suggesting improved health but perhaps not orthostatic tolerance.
Efeito de experiências práticas nas intenções de professores de educação física não capacitados para ensinar, na escola regular, alunos com deficiência

O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar o efeito de experiencias praticas nas intencoes dos professores de educacao fisica nao capacitados com relacao ao trabalho com pessoas com deficiencia. Participaram da pesquisa professores de educacao fisica matriulados como estudantes em programas de capacitacao (PETE) em suas respectivas universidades, categorizados com base no nivel de experiencia pratica. Num periodo de tres anos, 596 alunos PETE preencheram o questionario PEITID - Physical Educators' Intention toward Teaching Individuals with Disabilities (Rizzo, 2007). Foram encontradas diferencas significativas entre os grupos que tinham a intencao de ensinar alunos com deficiencia em turmas regulares de educacao fisica. Alem disso, as intencoes mais positivas entre os professores nao capacitados com mais experiencia pratica se relacionam com a maior Qualidade de Experiencia e Competencia por eles Percebida. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que o nivel e a qualidade da experiencia pratica influenciaram significativamente nas intencoes dos professores nao capacitados e na competencia para o ensino de pessoas com deficiencia.
Surface ECG presentation and intracardiac electrogram characteristics of uncommon supraventricular tachycardia entities

The vast majority of patients with supraventricular tachycardias present with specific 12-lead surface ECG characteristics allowing the diagnosis of the underlying mechanisms prior to the invasive electrophysiological study. However, an accurate diagnosis remains challenging in a subset of patients, even when using well-established stimulation maneuvers and sophisticated conventional mapping methods. Thus, the aim of the present manuscript is to describe some cases with uncommon entities of supraventricular tachycardias where the combined interpretation of 12-lead ECG presentation and invasive electrophysiological characteristics revealed the correct diagnoses.
Perturbation algebra of invariant differential operators

We show that, when an evolution equation or eigenvalue problem is invariant with respect to a Lie group of transformations, then it is possible to find related equations which can be solved exactly if the solutions of the original equation are known. We classify all such equations for the Schrodinger equation in three dimensions with a potential functionV=V(r).
Developing and sustaining K–12 school technology innovation through lottery grant awards: A multiple case study

This qualitative, descriptive, multiple case study investigated the impact of technology-focused grants, funded by state lottery proceeds, on four schools in a Midwestern state. Participants were selected from a list of 11 projects identified by the administrative agency overseeing the grant program as successful projects based on data the schools self-reported. At the time of the study, all projects had been completed for at least 1 year. The four schools selected for the study ranged from a small, rural school in a geographically isolated area of the state, to a large urban high school in the state's largest city. Several themes evolved through interviews with 13 key school personnel: defining innovation, expectations vs. reality, individual project roles, technology planning and implementation, and the grant writing process. The data were collected through a variety of qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews, e-mail, review of formal documents, and observations of the settings in which the educator worked. Findings highlighted the differences in resources among large and small schools, the impact of individuals on a school's culture and instructional practice, the role of the state's educational support services in school and curriculum innovation, and the role of technology in educational practice.
Cytodifferentiation in the Rana pipiens oocyte. I. Association between mitochondria and nucleolus-like bodies in young ootes.

Small oocytes (approximately 125 μ in diameter) in adult Rana pipiens contain a number of cytoplasmic bodies which resemble nucleoli in size, shape, and staining reactions. These cytoplasmic nucleolus-like bodies are, however, more finely granular than nucleoli. The nucleolus-like bodies are surrounded by “satellite” bodies, “cytoplasmic cyclinders”, both “empty” and “yolk-containing” vesicles, and numerous mitochondria. Some of the mitochondria associated with the nucleolus-like bodies have small deposits of intracristal, crystalline yolk protein. The nucleolus-like bodies appear to contain thin filaments as well as small granules (40–80 A) as are also apparent in some of the associated mitochondria. Filaments are also present between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes at a point where the mitochondria abut upon the nucleolus-like bodies; this condition may reflect an exchange mechanism. Structural variations in the nucleoli of young oocytes are also described. The possible significance of the observations in terms of informational exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm and mitochondrial function in the frog oocyte is discussed.
Adolescents' Decisions About Verbal and Physical Aggression

This investigation examines the ability of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to explain and predict adolescents' verbal (i.e., insulting) and physical (i.e., fighting) aggression, as well as behaviors that encourage aggression such as watching a fight or telling others about a fight that is going to happen. Subjects were 488 seventh-grade boys and girls enrolled in 2 public junior high schools in a large Midwestern U.S. city. Subjects completed a survey assessing components of the TRA as they related to the 4 behaviors under investigation. Consistent with the TRA, analysis revealed that attitudes and subjective norms predicted behavioral intent, and intent predicted behavior, for watching a fight, spreading rumors about a fight, and insulting. For fighting, however, attitudes, but not subjective norms, predicted behavioral intent, and intent predicted behavior. Implications for the TRA as well as for the development of youth violence prevention and intervention programs are discussed.
Coalitions and clientelism in Mexico

Dans cet article, l'A fait part de ses recherches concernant l'evolution de la mise en place de changements politiques au Mexique, et en particulier dans la region de Guadaljara. Les relations societe-etat sont principalement basees sur un mode clienteliste, que plusieurs associations rejettent. L'A. definit ces relations et examine l'organisation et les principes ideologiques de ces organisations qui resistent tant bien que mal a l'autoritarisme etatique et a la flexibilite voulue par les politiques neoliberales
Paraxial region comparison of creeping wave formulations for axial and circumferential magnetic current elements on a PEC circular cylinder

Creeping wave propagation has been studied for the canonical case of a magnetic current element on the circular cylinder model. It has been shown that it is expected to be more accurate across the paraxial region. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the creeping wave formulations across the paraxial region.
Bell, Daniel A., Beyond Liberal Democracy: Political Thinking for an East Asian Context

For over a decade, Daniel Bell has been a pioneering figure in the study of democracy and human rights in an East Asian context. This remarkable book takes his study to a new level. Bell offers a critical examination of the “uniquely parochial” Western liberal democracy, which has been promoted to various parts of the world as universally valid regardless of local conditions. Based on years of first-hand experience and knowledge of East Asian societies, Bell proposes a rather ambitious alternative model of democracy that would suit a land under the long-lasting influence of Confucianism. The book opens with a critical reflection on Ronald Dworkin’s 2002 visit to China. During that visit, Dworkin “unilaterally believed that his China tour was a valuable opportunity for China to be privy to his ideas of liberty” (2). He showed no sensitivity to China’s cultural tradition and demonstrated no knowledge of China’s social context and its recent substantial improvement of legal practice. In the meantime, he was taken for a ride by the Chinese government to showcase China’s new freedoms. Dworkin’s case is a good example of showing the superficiality of some Western scholars’ attempt to force their “parochially developed” ideas of Western liberal democracy on East Asia in a “one size fits all” style. It calls urgently for a close examination of democracy and human rights in the Chinese context, an examination that comes not out of ignorance and arrogance. Calling for a culturally sensitive approach, Bell offers this much needed alternative. He argues that there are morally legitimate alternatives to Western-style liberal democracy in the East Asian region. Democracy in East Asia does not lie simply in implementing Western political ideas and practices; it involves drawing upon East Asian cultural resources and political realities. The art on the cover of the book says it all: an American Statue of Liberty holding a copy of Confucius’s Analects! The book is divided into three parts. Part One discusses human rights in an East Asian context. Part Two explores democracy in an East Asian context. Part Three investigates issues of capitalism in an East Asian context. The book ends with the author’s responses to critics, an interesting addition to the main body of the book. Following the Introduction, Part One begins with Chapter 2 on general Confucian principles of good government and Dao (2008) 7:99–102 DOI 10.1007/s11712-008-9044-2