cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of self- and situation-focused reappraisal

In the present research, we investigated the effects of self- and situation-focused reappraisal, which are 2 distinct types of cognitive reappraisal, on emotion experiences, memory, and electrocortical responses to unpleasant pictures. In Study 1, situation-focused reappraisal was found to improve recall accuracy, whereas self-focused reappraisal had no effect. Both strategy types were associated with reductions in self-reported negative emotion, with larger reductions during situation-focused reappraisal. In Study 2, event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured while participants engaged in the 2 strategy types. Situation-focused, but not self-focused, reappraisal was associated with reductions in the late positive potential, an ERP that reflects facilitated attention to emotional stimuli. Taken together, these findings suggest that reappraisal is not a homogenous regulation strategy; on the contrary, subtypes of reappraisal elicit distinct consequence profiles. (PsycINFO Database Record
Chapter 17 – Additional Project References

This chapter provides a few additional project references. The first project discussed is about a hydrology problem where drilling a well posed a threat to a nearby wetland. The second project revisits the lighthouse problem discussed earlier and predicts that a beam of light will sweep down a straight shoreline faster than the speed of light. The last project suggested relates to the study of horizontal, vertical, and slant asymptotes to graphs.
Mechanism of Alemtuzumab Depletion of T Cells in Stem Cell Products.

Alemtuzumab (a humanized murine monoclonal antibody [MAb] against CD52) is an effective drug for in vitro T cell purging of allogeneic stem cell products when a product is incubated with 10mg of antibody for 30 minutes prior to infusion. Recovery of CD34 + cells has been excellent and T cell purging with alemtuzumab has resulted in a decreased incidence of grade 2–4 GVHD and a reduced incidence of extensive GVHD and a low overall risk of graft failure. However, a higher incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation, respiratory and polyoma virus infections have been observed as has an increased relapse rate in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. In vitro purging, using alemtuzumab and infusion of unwashed products, has been associated with a reduced incidence of clinically significant GVHD, an increase in infectious complications and a possible increase in relapse rates. The present studies optimize the purging protocol and examine the mechanism of alemtuzumab purging to identify the role of antibody dependant cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) versus antibody dependant complement mediated cytotoxicity (Ab–C’). Both ADCC and Ab–C’ mediated cytotoxicity were active, although ADCC was noticeably more effective. However, cellular viability was improved by incubation with 10% autologous serum. A two hour incubation (1–2×01e8 cells/ml) resulted in a 73% reduction in CD3+ cells, which was increased to 85% after a 16 hour co-incubation. In addition, natural killer (NK) and B cells were purged with alemtuzumab; as were lineage negative (Lin − )-HLA-DR+CD123 + dendritic cells (DCs) but not Lin-HLA-DR+CD11c + DCs. Immature myeloid suppressor cells (IMSCs), which are Lin − DR − CD33 + or DR − CD14 − CD11b + , have a low sensitivity to alemtuzumab cytotoxicity as did hematopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-c function or CD34+ number). This is an exciting observation as IMSCs have the potential to induce T cell tolerance. Optimal T cell purging, with retention of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell number and activity, requires a 4–6 hr co-incubation of 2×10e8/ml hematopoietic stem cells, 100 ug/ml alemtuzumab in 10% autologous serum at 4C and removal of alemtuzumab by washing in Plasma-Lyte. Co-incubation at 4C and the presence of 10% autologous serum, was required to minimize the toxicity of a 24 hr co-incubation using a high frequency (1–2×10e8/ml) of hematopoietic cells. The selective depletion of T cells, with a retention of IMSCs, suggests that such a purging protocol has potential to not only reduce acute and chronic GVHD but to also induce major histocompatibility complex tolerance. However, our clinical studies need to be completed in order to assess the impact on leukemic relapse.
Comparison of Herbicide Programs for Season-Long Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) in Soybean

The evolution of glyphosate and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor-resistant common waterhemp in the Midwestern United States has reduced the number of effective POST herbicide options for management of this problem weed in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Moreover, common waterhemp emerges throughout the crop growing season, justifying the need to evaluate herbicide programs that provide season-long control. The objectives of this study were to compare POST-only and PRE followed by (fb) POST herbicide programs for control of glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Dodge County, NE, in a field infested with glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp. Programs containing PRE herbicides resulted in ≥83% control of common waterhemp and densities of ≤35 plantsm−2 at 21 d after PRE (DAPRE). Post-only herbicide programs resulted in <70% control and densities of 107 to 215 plants m−2 at 14 d after early-POST (DAEPOST) treatment. PRE f...
The Effect of Chronic Kidney Disease on a Physical Activity Intervention: Impact on Physical Function, Adherence, and Safety.

Background Because chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with muscle wasting, older adults with CKD are likely to have physical function deficits. Physical activity can improve these deficits, but whether CKD attenuates the benefits is unknown. Our objective was to determine if CKD modified the effect of a physical activity intervention in older adults. Methods This is an exploratory analysis of the LIFE-P study, which compared a 12-month physical activity program (PA) to a successful aging education program (SA) in older adults. CKD was defined as a baseline eGFR Results The sample included 368 participants. CKD was present in 105 (28.5%) participants with a mean eGFR of 49.2 ± 8.1 mL/min/1.73 m2. Mean SPPB was 7.38 ± 1.41 in CKD participants; 7.59 ± 1.44 in those without CKD (p = 0.20). For CKD participants in PA, 12-month SPPBs increased to 8.90 (95% CI 8.32, 9.47), while PA participants without CKD increased to 8.40 (95% CI 8.01, 8.79, p = 0.43). For CKD participants in SA, 12-month SPPBs increased to 7.67 (95% CI 7.07, 8.27), while participants without CKD increased to 8.12 (95% CI 7.72, 8.52, p = 0.86). Interaction between CKD and intervention was non-significant (p = 0.88). Number and type of SAEs were not different between CKD and non-CKD participants (all p > 0.05). In PA, adherence for CKD participants was 65.5 ± 25.4%, while for those without CKD was 74.0 ± 22.2% (p = 0.12). Conclusion Despite lower adherence, older adults with CKD likely derive clinically meaningful benefits from physical activity with no apparent impact on safety, compared to those without CKD.
Side impact simulation using reduced order finite element models

A design oriented analysis method is developed for assessing the crashworthiness of side structure of automobiles without requiring complete vehicle geometry. The technique is based on reduced order finite element analysis using beam elements and non-linear discrete elements. The flexibility at the joints is modeled using linear springs up to elastic limit and non-linear springs beyond the yield limit of the joint members. The localized bending collapse of the B-pillar is represented by non-linear springs which have the same moment-rotation characteristics as that of the shell model. The B-pillar intrusion levels predicted by the reduced order model compare very well with full shell element model both in elastic and fully plastic loading cases. The utility of the reduced order model in performing design synthesis is demonstrated by a parametric study.
Influence of molecular weight on ion-transport properties of polymeric ionic liquids.

We report the results of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on polymerized 1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium-hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids, studying the influence of the polymer molecular weight on the ion mobilities and the mechanisms underlying ion transport, including ion-association dynamics, ion hopping, and ion–polymer coordinations. With an increase in polymer molecular weight, the diffusivity of the hexafluorophosphate (PF6−) counterion decreases and plateaus above seven repeat units. The diffusivity is seen to correlate well with the ion-association structural relaxation time for pure ionic liquids, but becomes more correlated with ion-association lifetimes for larger molecular weight polymers. By analyzing the diffusivity of ions based on coordination structure, we unearth a transport mechanism in which the PF6− moves by “climbing the ladder” while associated with four polymeric cations from two different polymers.
In Crystallo Selection to Establish New RNA Crystal Contacts

Crystallography is a major technique for determining large RNA structures. Obtaining diffraction-quality crystals has been the bottleneck. Although several RNA crystallization methods have been developed, the field strongly needs additional approaches. Here we invented an in crystallo selection strategy for identifying mutations that enhance a target RNA's crystallizability. The strategy includes constructing an RNA pool containing random mutations, obtaining crystals, and amplifying the sequences enriched by crystallization. We demonstrated a proof-of-principle application to the P4-P6 domain from the Tetrahymena ribozyme. We further determined the structures of four selected mutants. All four establish new crystal lattice contacts while maintaining the native structure. Three mutants achieve this by relocating bulges and one by making a helix more flexible. In crystallo selection provides opportunities to improve crystals of RNAs or RNA-ligand complexes. Our results also suggest that mutants may be rationally designed for crystallization by "walking" a bulge along the RNA chain.
From Making to Micro-Manufacture: Catalyzing STEM Participation in Rural High Schools

This paper proposes Micro-Manufacture (M2), a model of Making that extends its practice to include aspects of engineering concerns of production and reproducibility. A longitudinal study was conducted with six high school students engaging in the M2 model within the scope of a two-year long Career and Technical Education class. We investigated the potential of M2 to convey educational benefits and to affect Making and Engineering self-concepts. Quantitative results showed that the students generally made positive gains in Making and Engineering self-efficacy, but that the real-world requirements of M2 caused Maker mindset perceptions to be more negative. Qualitative findings however showed that M2 requirements served to focus the students, and enabled them to develop skills that they may not have otherwise developed by simply engaging in conventional Making activities.
Drinking water quality assessment practices: an international perspective

The complexity of compliance monitoring was acknowledged by The Standards and Monitoring Committee of IWA who initiated a task force to investigate international practices. Results from an initial survey indicated that although most countries do have drinking water quality guidelines, only a few are enforcing these guidelines. It was evident that most of these countries do not incorporate analytical variability in the application of analytical results for compliance studies. A clear link between the regulator, the producer and the analyst does not exist. An effective system that assesses compliance to drinking water specifications and at the same time ensures the consumer safe and healthy water, therefore, does not exist for most consumers. In an effort to provide guidance to members of IWA, the water supplier, the analyst and the regulator, workshops should be held during the next two conferences of IWA. The output of these workshops should be guiding documents and networking opportunities that will facilitate effective and efficient skills transfer for compliance monitoring of drinking water in all the countries of the world.
Automata and Formal Languages : An Introduction

0. Mathematical Preliminaries. 1. Alphabets and Languages. 2. Regular Languages. 3. Context Free Languages. 4. Turing Machines. 5. Turing Machines and Languages. 6. Decidability. 7. An Introduction to Computational Complexity. Bibliography.
An Investigation of an Arts Infusion Program on Creative Thinking, Academic Achievement, Affective Functioning, and Arts Appreciation of Children at Three Grade Levels

The effects of an arts infusion program (SPECTRA+) on the creative thinking, academic achievement, self-esteem, locus of control, and appreciation for the arts of school children were investigated. Participants were 615 children in four schools in two school districts, in either an arts infusion, modified control, or full control condition for one year in a pre-and post-test design. Children's scores were compared on standardized tests on the indices mentioned above. Children in the SPECTRA+ program scored significantly better than their control group peers in the areas of creativity, social and parental self-esteem, and appreciation for the arts. Data regarding academic achievement were mixed. SPECTRA+ boys scored higher in math than all other groups but SPECTRA+ girls scores lowest. In one of the school districts, the SPECTRA+ students achieved higher scores in reading than their control group counterparts. Results, implications, and cautions regarding the generalization of results are discussed, as are...
A Comparative Overview of Active Remote-Sensing Techniques

To answer this question we look at remote sensing as a field with some broadly defined characteristics and as a historical entity with roots from before the turn of the century. Relevant subtopics are: How does remote sensing function? When and where did it start? Who worked on it?
Empty houses across North America: Housing finance and Mexico’s vacancy crisis:

In the wake of the housing market crash in the United States in the late 2000s, images of abandoned homes on the periphery of American cities dominated international media. Mexico continues to face...
The VC-dimension of visibility on the boundary of monotone polygons

Abstract We show that the VC-dimension of visibility on the boundary of a monotone polygon is exactly 6. Our lower bound construction matches the best known lower bound for simple polygons.
Entrepreneurial intention and regional internationalization in China

This study uses a novel approach to examine the link between regional internationalization and entrepreneurial intention in China. Robust findings suggest that higher degrees of internationalization in locations like Shenzhen and Hong Kong lead to lower levels of entrepreneurial intention, while lower degrees of internationalization in Mainland China lead to higher levels of entrepreneurial intention. This striking result underscores the significance of doing a regional-level analysis rather than countrywide studies for large diverse markets like China, where regional differences in internationalization policies, economic reforms, and institutions tend to vary significantly between locations compared to smaller or more developed economies. We conclude that the relatively higher levels of necessity-based entrepreneurship in China may help explain some of the regional differences observed in total entrepreneurial activity. Our findings also contribute to the literature by revealing significant complexity in the relationship between internationalization and entrepreneurship and support findings of previous studies regarding the importance of location for entrepreneurial intentions in emerging markets like China (as reported by Pan and Yang (Small Business Economics, 2018); Zhu, Lui, He, & Lu et al. (Small Business Economics, 2018b); and Liu et al. (Small Business Economics, 2018)).
Impact of Donor Obesity on Outcomes After Orthotopic Heart Transplantation.

Background The impact of donor obesity on the outcome of orthotopic heart transplantation has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of donor obesity on the outcomes ...
Intervention Comparative Effectiveness for Adult Cognitive Training (ICE-ACT) Trial: Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics.

Abstract Age-related perceptual and cognitive declines are associated with difficulties performing everyday tasks required to remain independent. Encouraging improvements in cognitive abilities have been shown for various short-term interventions but there is little evidence for direct impact on independence. This project compares the effect of broad and directed (narrow) technology-based training on basic perceptual and cognitive abilities in older adults and on the performance of simulated tasks of daily living including driving and fraud avoidance. Participants (N = 230, Mean age = 72) were randomly assigned to one of four training conditions: broad training using either (1) a web-based brain game suite, Brain HQ, or (2) a strategy video game, Rise of Nations, or to directed training for (3) Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) training using web-based programs for both driving and fraud avoidance training, or (4) to an active control condition of puzzle solving. Training took approximately 15–20 h for each intervention condition across four weeks. Before training began, participants received baseline ability tests of perception, attention, memory, cognition, and IADL, including a driving simulator test for hazard perception, and a financial fraud recognition test. They were tested again on these measures following training completion (post-test). A one-year follow-up from training completion is also scheduled. The baseline results support that randomization was successful across the intervention conditions. We discuss challenges and potential solutions for using technology-based interventions with older adults. We also discuss how the current trial addressed methodological limitations of previous intervention studies. Trial registration number NCT03141281
How to Do Things with Incoherence

When students write incoherent sentences, it is common—instinctive, even—for a teacher to translate those sentences, to make them conform to the expectations of readers wanting clarity, or to banis...
Alpaca: Building Dynamic Cyber Ranges with Procedurally-Generated Vulnerability Lattices

Developing cyber ranges for cybersecurity penetration testing and capture-the-flag challenges is normally a time-consuming process. A good cyber range challenges practitioners to find obscure paths to break into a system. The cyber range should encourage a "graph thinking" mindset, in which the attacker approaches the challenge from a variety of directions that may involve multiple steps before escalating privileges and solving the challenge. However, developing cyber ranges usually requires significant time and effort, and the solutions of many pre-made cyber ranges have already been published. We have developed Alpaca, a system that generates complex cyber ranges according to user-specified constraints. Using an AI planning engine and a database of vulnerabilities and machine configurations, the system is able to generate "vulnerability lattices," that is, sequences of vulnerabilities and exploits that achieve a user-specified goal. Alpaca also generates working virtual machines that include the vulnerabilities in the lattice. Constraints may be specified to require Alpaca to generate cyber ranges with a minimum or maximum complexity or require that certain vulnerabilities must be used to exploit the cyber range.
The Conflict of Genre: Disciplinary Terminology and Conceptual Overlap in the Context of the Annual Report

This article explores the annual report genre in light of what scholars in the field of conflict management might refer to as “intrapersonal conflict” and, alternatively, what scholars in the field of communication might refer to as “cognitive dissonance.” Based on reports published by Ford and Toyota, we use lenses within the fields of rhetorical and communication studies to explore automobile companies’ use of discourse in the annual report, a genre with multiple and diverse stakeholders. Striving to adapt this genre to reflect an awareness of readers’ inner tensions regarding the company, or even to temporarily heighten readers’ doubts concerning, in this case, whether to remain a customer, may, we argue, improve transparency, enhance trust, and in the end strengthen the bond between organization and stakeholder.
Association Between Medications Acting on the Central Nervous System and Fall-Related Injuries in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A New User Cohort Study.

Background It is well established that individual medications that affect the central nervous system (CNS) increase falls risk in older adults. However, less is known about risks associated with taking multiple CNS-active medications. Methods Employing a new user design, we used data from the Adult Changes in Thought study, a prospective cohort of community-dwelling people aged 65 and older without dementia. We created a time-varying composite measure of CNS-active medication exposure from electronic pharmacy fill data and categorized into mutually exclusive categories: current (within prior 30 days), recent (31-90 days), past (91-365 days), or nonuse (no exposure in prior year). We calculated standardized daily dose and identified new initiation. Cox proportional hazards models examined the associations between exposures and the outcome of fall-related injury identified from health plan electronic databases. Results Two thousand five hundred ninety-five people had 624 fall-related injuries over 15,531 person-years of follow-up. Relative to nonuse, fall-related injury risk was significantly greater for current use of CNS-active medication (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.57-2.42), but not for recent or past use. Among current users, increased risk was noted with all doses. Risk was increased for new initiation compared with no current use (HR = 2.81; 95% CI = 2.09-3.78). Post hoc analyses revealed that risk was especially elevated with new initiation of opioids. Conclusions We found that current use, especially new initiation, of CNS-active medications was associated with fall-related injury in community-dwelling older adults. Increased risk was noted with all dose categories. Risk was particularly increased with new initiation of opioids.
Wound leakage rates of ex vivo uniplanar versus biplanar phacoemulsification clear corneal incisions in dogs

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the leakage rates of perilimbal uniplanar and biplanar clear corneal incisions in dogs when subjected to increased intraocular pressure (IOP) both from within the eye and via external pressure. PROCEDURE Uniplanar clear corneal incisions were created in eight freshly enucleated canine eyes using a 3.2 mm straight slit knife while 8 fellow eyes received a biplanar clear corneal incision consisting of an approximately 300 μm deep groove followed by a 3.2 mm straight slit knife entry into the anterior chamber. Both wounds were reapposed using three simple interrupted 8-0 polyglactin 910 sutures. Eyes were cannulated with two 25 g needles: One connected to a pressure transducer, and the other connected to a reservoir of isotonic saline. The IOP at which the wound leaked was recorded when the intraocular pressure was increased internally by raising the height of the fluid bag, and again when the cornea was externally compressed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves compared incision types for each method of increasing IOP and were evaluated using Mantel-Cox log-rank analysis. RESULTS Both wound types resisted leakage at IOP in the physiologically achievable range and no significant differences were observed between clear corneal incisions when pressure was applied externally (P = .353) or was increased from within the globe (P = .615). CONCLUSION Ex vivo uniplanar and biplanar clear corneal incisions in dogs are equally strong, with no significant differences in leakage rates when IOP is increased internally or externally.
La utilidad de los diezmos como fuente para la historia económica

Los historiadores de la econom?a siempre est?n con sed de da tos. Sus argumentos se apoyan mejor en n?meros que en palabra*. Sus palabras parecen gozar de m?s credibilidad cuando se refieren a n?meros. Al hablar de producci?n, acumulaci?n de capital, pro ductividad, organizaci?n econ?mica, modos de producci?n, etc., unas cuantas cifras bien administradas pueden cimentar o destruir los argumentos m?s sutiles y las palabras mejor forjadas. Desgra ciadamente el historiador de la econom?a no puede conseguir los datos ?jue le interesan sin pasar horas y horas entre papeles polvo rientos y aburridos. Rodolfo Pastor y un grupo de historiadores que participaron en un seminario de estad?stica llevado a cabo en el Centro de Estudios Hist?ricos de El Colegio de M?xico han sacado a la luz una monograf?a donde penosos trabajos se han convertido en una ?til?sima serie de datos sobre los diezmos reco lectados por el obispado de Oaxaca durante el siglo xv?n.1 Rodolfo Pastor y sus colaboradores no se contentaron con la labor de ordenar y poner en forma legible las estad?sticas sobre diezmos, sino que, conscientes de la riqueza de los datos conse^ guidos, procedieron a analizarlos y a formular hip?tesis sobre la actividad econ?mica de la regi?n estudiada. Es en este segundo aspecto de la obra de Pastor et ai. donde se concentrar? esta rese?a. Con el objeto de evaluar la validez de las conclusiones de Pastor et al. se har? una revisi?n cuidadosa de la metodolog?a
Reconsidering the Legal Equality of Combatants

The legal equality of combatants (LEC) is a fixture of international law and just war theory. Both scholars who embrace and those who reject the moral equality of combatants seem committed to the l...
Reviewer acknowledgement 2014

The Editors of Mobile DNA would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in volume 4 (2013).
Supporting Mindfulness With Technology in Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) are at an increased risk of developing mental health disorders. Mindfulness may be one strategy that can help support the mental...
Imoxin inhibits tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and restores insulin signaling in C2C12 myotubes

Prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can mediate inflammatory myopathies and insulin signaling pathways. The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase R (PKR) has been implicated ...
High-Frequency Percussive Ventilation in Cystic Fibrosis Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Case Series

Acute respiratory failure in cystic fibrosis carries a high risk of mortality. The optimal mode of mechanical ventilation (MV) in this population is not well established. In this case series, we identified patients with cystic fibrosis who were ventilated with high-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) at our institution and describe their characteristics and outcomes. The use of high-frequency percussive ventilation has been sparsely described in the literature. This case series could serve as hypothesis-generating for future research.
Fast quasi-harmonic weights for geometric data interpolation

We propose quasi-harmonic weights for interpolating geometric data, which are orders of magnitude faster to compute than state-of-the-art. Currently, interpolation (or, skinning) weights are obtained by solving large-scale constrained optimization problems with explicit constraints to suppress oscillative patterns, yielding smooth weights only after a substantial amount of computation time. As an alternative, our weights are obtained as minima of an unconstrained problem that can be optimized quickly using straightforward numerical techniques. We consider weights that can be obtained as solutions to a parameterized family of second-order elliptic partial differential equations. By leveraging the maximum principle and careful parameterization, we pose weight computation as an inverse problem of recovering optimal anisotropic diffusivity tensors. In addition, we provide a customized ADAM solver that significantly reduces the number of gradient steps; our solver only requires inverting tens of linear systems that share the same sparsity pattern. Overall, our approach achieves orders of magnitude acceleration compared to previous methods, allowing weight computation in near real-time.
Predictors of Acute Transfer and Mortality within 6 Months from Admission to an Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility for Patients with Brain Tumors

Abstract Objective To obtain useful information for clinicians in evaluating patients with brain tumors for transfer to and subsequent care in inpatient rehabilitation facilities. Design Retrospective chart review Setting Inpatient rehabilitation facility Participants Adults with either initial or recurrent brain tumors who were admitted to an IRF between January 2017 to December 2018 after an acute hospitalization Interventions None Main Outcome Measures Transfer from IRF to an acute care hospital and mortality within 6 months from admission to IRF Results Of the 208 patients who met inclusion criteria, 20.2% were transferred to an acute care hospital during the IRF stay, which was associated with prior chemotherapy, steroid use and laterality of tumor. In total, 36.9% of patients with brain tumors died within 6 months of IRF admission which was associated with recurrent tumor diagnosis, prior chemotherapy, prior neurosurgical intervention, prior neurostimulant use, use of steroids, IDH and MGMT biomarkers, laterality and location of tumor. Conclusions Patients with brain tumors have a notable potential for acute hospital transfer and mortality within 6 months of IRF stay, with several tumor- and treatment-related risk factors. This information can help identify functional goals, identify high risk patients, enable closer clinical monitoring and facilitate focused care discussions while at IRF.
Two-electron quantum dot in a magnetic field.

Theoretical analysis of the experimental data for the energy levels of two interacting electrons confined by a finite Gaussian potential in a 2D quantum dot and subjected to a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the dot is presented. While a previously published analytic solution for the magnetic field at which the ground state transitions from the spin-singlet to the spin-triplet state agreed well with the data, the calculated energy at higher magnetic fields diverged from the experimental data. It is shown that the experimental data do not support the current hypothesis that the experimental energy corresponds to the lowest electronic state in the quantum dot being resonant with the Fermi level of the n+ electrode. Instead the experimental data agree remarkably well with the theory when we use a mechanism in which the added electron to the QD tunnels from an intermediate state that is not dependent on the applied magnetic field to the 2-e state in the QD before it is manifested at the electrode.
7 The biochemical pharmacology of taxol® and mechanisms of resistance

Publisher Summary This chapter describes biochemical pharmacology of Taxol ® and its mechanisms of resistance. Microtubules, like DNA and RNA, are conserved structures in all eukaryotic cells with numerous and diverse functions. By forming a scaffolding network within cells, microtubules maintain cell shape. All eukaryotic cells utilize a spindle, composed of microtubules, to segregate chromosomes during mitosis. The principal component of microtubules is the protein tubulin, a heterodimer composed of two similar subunits, α and β-tubulin. Suppression of the dynamic properties of microtubules by antimitotic agents has been suggested as a plausible mechanism of cytotoxicity. Various in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that microtubule dynamics can be suppressed by substoichiometric concentrations of vinblastine and Taxol ® . The therapeutic utility of compounds which interact with tubulin and microtubules results initially from their ability to disrupt normal spindle function. Such compounds are often called spindle poisons or antimitotic agents. Unlike colchicine and vinblastine, which inhibit tubulin polymerization, Taxol ® stabilizes microtubules and shifts the equilibrium toward the polymerized state.
Design and analysis of the lithium target system for the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF)

Three lithium target design options are being evaluated for the IFMIF. The impact of various requirements on material selection, lifetime, operation and maintenance are discussed. Analysis for the free jet option is presented. Key aspects include jet stability, thermal and nuclear responses.
Hydrolysis of androgen receptor by cathepsin D: its biological significance in human prostate cancer.

Objective To elicit the biological role of a lysosomal protease, cathepsin D (CatD) in prostate cancer, by investigating its regulatory effect on the androgen receptor (AR) using human prostate cancer LNCaP cells and prostate tissue specimens. Materials and methods Cell extracts were prepared from LNCaP or prostate specimens by cell lysis and tissue homogenization. Proteolytic assays were performed by incubating these extracts in acidic buffer (pH 3–4) at 37°C. The resulting effects on AR and CatD were then analysed using Western immunoblots. Results The Western blots showed that AR was virtually hydrolysed with acid treatment, because endogenous CatD was activated; this activation only occurred at pH 3.2–3.5, but no specific acid appeared to be required. Further analyses suggested that CatD activation could be attributed to acid-induced autoproteolysis of mature CatD. Similar assays were also performed on prostate tissues, including normal and malignant specimens. These studies revealed that CatD-mediated AR hydrolysis was observed only in cancer specimens, while no such hydrolysis occurred in normal specimens. Conclusion Endogenous CatD can hydrolyse AR, thereby possibly modulating AR function/metabolism in LNCaP cells, and in cancer specimens. CatD activity also appears to differ significantly between normal and malignant tissue. Thus, CatD may play a pivotal role as a growth modulator in androgen-dependent prostate cancer.
Separation of interface states and electron trapping for hot carrier degradation in ultra-scaled replacement metal gate n-FinFET

A fast two-point measurement methodology, applicable to nano-scale devices, is introduced to separate electron trapping (Not, e) from interface state contributions (Nit) in hot carrier (HC) induced ΔVt in n-type RMG SOI FinFETs. It is shown that Not, e component is comparable to or dominates over Nit for high-Vg (≥ Vd) hot carrier stress (HCS). The time power-law exponent for HC induced Not, e is larger than 0.2, indicating the observed Not, e is partly due to injection of hot carriers instead of purely parasitic PBTI effect caused by the cold carriers.
Turned Weapons in Egyptian Iconography – The Decorum of Dominance

While numerous studies have been published on Egyptian weaponry over the years, relatively few have looked at symbolic aspects of the use and display of weapons in Egyptian art and in actual combat. In the 1990’s the present author produced a series of studies on the symbolic use of the “turned bow” showing its actual and representational use as a symbol of dominance and submission. The present article greatly expands that research by examining the use of other weapons in similar circumstances. The results confirm the conclusions of the earlier studies of the bow and show that all weapons having a “front” and “back” were used in the same manner for the display of dominance. Although the present article considers only the evidence from Egypt, the earlier research showed that the use of the bow in dominance display was part of a lingua franca of gesture symbolism used throughout many areas of the ancient Near East and the Mediterranean world, from Achaemenid Persia to Greece. DOI:10.2458/azu_jaei_v07i3_wilkinson
Multimedia access platform for virtual learning environment

A virtual learning environment (VLE) is a set of integrated teaching and learning tools designed to enhance a student's learning experience. Over the last decade, a number of VLEs have been developed and adopted by universities and even high schools. However, we note that the majority learning materials in VLEs are still text-based and multimedia has not been effectively explored in existing VLEs. In this paper, we propose a multimedia access platform for VLEs. A good multimedia access platform should provide efficient access mechanism, interactive learning environment, and rich and relevant learning material at appropriate time. Based on the proposal, multimedia access platform for virtual conferences (MAPVC) has been implemented. This platform integrates videos, PowerPoint slides, HTML files and other public domain data into structured multimedia learning material, which supports random access and flexible search, and optimizes learning by presenting learning materials in multiple channels and at appropriate time
The History and Impact of the New York City Menu-Labeling Law

As a result of the recent federal health care legislation, all restaurants in the United States that are part of a chain with twenty or more locations serving substantially the same menu items will be required to post the calorie information of the food they serve directly on menus and menu boards. This development represents the culmination of a regulatory initiative to combat the growth of obesity that only began in 2006 with the decision by the New York City Board of Health to require calorie posting in New York City chain restaurants. That initiative, Regulation 81.50, was the first of its kind in the United States; and yet, less than four years later, the idea has become a national standard. This paper tracks the history of New York City's landmark regulation, detailing the drafting of the law, the initial legal victory for the restaurant association challenging it, and the ultimate triumph of the City in winning legal validation of its calorie posting mandate. In doing so, this paper will also use the New York City regulation as a launching point to discuss the rationale behind menu labeling, to examine the potential legal pitfalls of menu labeling laws, to track the development of the initiative from New York City to a national standard, and finally, to evaluate the preliminary data on whether or not menu labeling is actually effective in achieving its ultimate goal: changing consumer eating habits and reducing obesity.
Recombinant guinea pig TNF-α enhances antigen-specific type 1 T lymphocyte activation in guinea pig splenocytes

Summary TNF- α is a principal pro-inflammatory cytokine which contributes to the activation of innate immunity and the transition to antigen-specific adaptive immunity in tuberculosis. Using recombinant guinea pig (rgp) TNF- α , the effect of TNF- α on lymphocyte activation was examined in unvaccinated and BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs. Splenocytes were stimulated with PPD or ConA, in the presence or absence of rgp TNF- α for 96 h. Lymphocyte proliferation was measured using [ 3 H]thymidine uptake, and IL-12 p40 and IFN- γ mRNA were analyzed using real-time PCR. rgpTNF- α alone was able to stimulate a significant degree of proliferation in splenocytes. The addition of rgpTNF- α to PPD-stimulated cells enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes from BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs. Furthermore, enhancement of proliferation by rgpTNF- α was found to be correlated with upregulation of the levels of Type 1 cytokine mRNA (IL-12p40 and IFN- γ ) in splenocyte cultures. This suggests that TNF- α plays an important role in the regulation of Type 1 T cell-mediated immune responses in the guinea pig.
Gender Differences in Coping with Stress: When Stressor and Appraisals Do Not Differ

In an attempt to control for the effects of event type on sex differences in coping, men and women responded to an identical achievement-related stressor under controlled laboratory conditions. Although men and women were similar in their cognitive appraisal of the situation, they nonetheless reported differences in preparatory coping. Women reported seeking social support and using emotion-focused coping to a greater extent than men, whereas men reported using relatively more problem-focused coping than women. The masculinity and femininity of respondents failed to moderate the relation between sex and coping. These results are inconsistent with a purely situational explanation of sex differences in coping but are consistent with the notion that men and women are socialized to cope with stress in different ways.
Properties of Rochelle Salt

In a qualitative way the anomalous properties of Rochelle salt can be explained on the basis of four different theories: ($a$) on the dipole theory, ($b$) by assuming polymorphic transitions at the Curie points, ($c$) by postulating an anomalous piezoelectric effect, and ($d$) with an inter-action theory which assumes that the structure and the fundamental properties of the crystal have no unusual characteristics and which ascribes the observed anomalies to an accidental degeneration of the piezoelectric interaction between the elastic deformation and the electric polarization. The existence of a polymorphic transition at the upper Curie point is demonstrated in a new experiment and it is shown that this transition is a spontaneous elastic deformation. It can be explained on the basis of either one of the four theories. A quantitative analysis of the experimental data, which leads to a new interpretation of the elastic and piezoelectric measurements, shows that the theories ($b$) and ($c$) are not valid for Rochelle salt. The experimental data verify the conclusions of the dipole theory insofar as they lead to the result that Rochelle salt would show an abnormal temperature dependence of the dielectric constant even if the crystal were not piezo-electric or if the piezoelectric deformations could be suppressed. However, it is doubtful whether the clamped crystal has a Curie point. The observed Curie points of the free crystal result from the lattice-dipole coupling as described by the interaction theory.
Determination of photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in seawater and freshwater

A variety of short-lived, reactive chemical species (i.e. free radicals and excited state species) are known to be photochemically produced in natural waters. Some of these transients may strongly affect chemical and biological processes, and they have been implicated in the degradation of organic pollutants and natural organic compounds in aqueous environments. Previous studies demonstrated that the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (OH) is photochemically formed in seawater. However, the quantitative importance of this key species in the sea has not been previously studied because of past analytical limitations. By using a highly sensitive probe based on α-H atom abstraction from methanol, we were able to measure production rates and steady-state concentrations of photochemically produced OH radicals in coastal and open ocean seawater and freshwaters. The validity of the method was tested by intercalibrating with an independent, OH-specific reaction, hydroxylation of benzoic acid, and also by competition kinetics experiments. Our OH production rates and steady-state concentrations for freshwaters are in excellent agreement with those measured by previous investigators for similar waters. In contrast, for seawater, the values we measured are 1–3 orders of magnitude higher than previously predicted by models, indicating that there is a major unknown photochemical OH source (s) in seawater.
Experimental mycosis of the gypsy moth,Porthetria dispar [Lep.: Lymantriidae] byEntomophthora virulenta, with notes on its mammalian safety

Larvae of the gypsy mothPorthetria dispar (L.) were infected with sporulating cultures of the fungus,Entomophthora virulentaHall & Dunn using the spore shower technique. The infectivity of the parasite in the host and its histopathology was observed. Penetration of the integument was recorded at 24 hours post-inoculation and conidiophore production occurred at 72 hours after infection. Experiments on mammalian toxicity against laboratory mice showed no significant differences between control and treated mice in body weight, blood cell counts, food and liquid consumption and in the post-mortem examination.
Do One, See One, Teach One: Using Experiential Learning to Elicit Faculty Buy-In for Team-Based Learning

One challenge in increasing active learning in medical schools is facilitating faculty buy-in. Faculty buy-in is a crucial component in the successful implementation of active learning strategies such as team-based learning. This paper examines a model for eliciting faculty buy-in that was used to introduce team-based learning to faculty.
Three dimensions of reflective thinking in solving design problems: a conceptual model

Design tasks are omnipresent in our everyday lives. Previous research shows that reflective thinking is one of the critical factors in solving design problems. Related research has attempted to capture designers’ reflective thinking process. Yet a close inspection of designers’ reflective thinking taking place during their design process demands further effort. To understand designer’s reflective practice and to find better ways to promote novices’ reflective thinking in solving real-world design problems, a comprehensive model was developed. This model identified three dimensions to guide the understanding of designers’ reflective thinking during a design process: (1) the timing of reflection, indicating the points in the process where reflective thinking occurs, (2) the objects of reflection, showing the different types of objects that designers may reflect upon, and (3) the levels of reflection, referring to the different levels of designers’ reflection. This model provides for meaningful aspects of reflective thinking to be situated in a design process, which can guide educators and instructional designers in developing appropriate learning environments for facilitating novice and practicing designers’ reflective thinking. Moreover, the model can serve as a stepping stone for further research.
Combination Therapy with Local Radiofrequency Ablation and Systemic Vaccine Enhances Antitumor Immunity and Mediates Local and Distal Tumor Regression

Purpose Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive energy delivery technique increasingly used for focal therapy to eradicate localized disease. RFA-induced tumor-cell necrosis generates an immunogenic source of tumor antigens known to induce antitumor immune responses. However, RFA-induced antitumor immunity is insufficient to control metastatic progression. We sought to characterize (a) the role of RFA dose on immunogenic modulation of tumor and generation of immune responses and (b) the potential synergy between vaccine immunotherapy and RFA aimed at local tumor control and decreased systemic progression.
Partial t-spreads and group constructible (s,r,μ)-nets

We give a method for constructing (s,r,μ)-nets out of partial t-spreads. As one consequence, we are able to apply a theorem of Bose and Bush to improve the known upper bound for the number of subspaces in a partial t-spread. Conversely, known existence results for partial t-spreads yield (s,r,μ)-nets with large replication number r.