cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectrophotometry and polarimetry of the giant luminous arcs in the clusters 2244–02 and Abell 370

Lynds and Petrosian1 have reported the discovery of very large luminous arcs in two clusters of galaxies, and there have been various conjectures2 about the nature of these unusual features. Some of these are that they are: (1) images of distant objects formed by a gravitational lens generated by the visible clusters of galaxies; (2) regions of star formation stimulated by the passage of a shock front produced by a central (now extinguished) quasistellar object; (3) light echoes of a previously bright object at the centre; or (4) long arcs of stars tidally stripped from galaxies in the clusters. Observational data have been so limited that it has not been possible to establish any clearly favoured interpretation. Here we present new observations which restrict the range of possibilities, by eliminating (2), (3) and (4), even if they do not lead to a unique interpretation.
Drosophila Dok is required for embryonic dorsal closure.

Embryonic dorsal closure (DC) in Drosophila is a series of morphogenetic movements involving the bilateral dorsal movement of the epidermis (cell stretching) and dorsal suturing of the leading edge (LE) cells to enclose the viscera. The Syk family tyrosine kinase Shark plays a crucial role in this Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent process, where it acts upstream of JNK in LE cells. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, the unique Drosophila homolog of the downstream of kinase (Dok) family, Ddok, was identified by its ability to bind Shark SH2 domains in a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent fashion. In cultured S2 embryonic cells, Ddok tyrosine phosphorylation is Src dependent; Shark associates with Ddok and Ddok localizes at the cell cortex, together with a portion of the Shark protein. The embryonic expression pattern of Ddok resembles the expression pattern of Shark. Ddok loss-of-function mutant ( DdokPG155 ) germ-line clones possess DC defects, including the loss of JNK-dependent expression of dpp mRNA in LE cells, and decreased epidermal F-actin staining and LE actin cable formation. Epistatic analysis indicates that Ddok functions upstream of shark to activate JNK signaling during DC. Consistent with these observations, Ddok mutant embryos exhibit decreased levels of tyrosine phosphorylated Shark at the cell periphery of LE and epidermal cells. As there are six mammalian Dok family members that exhibit some functional redundancy, analysis of the regulation of DC by Ddok is expected to provide novel insights into the function of the Dok adapter proteins.
Video Modeling Interventions to Improve Play Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often experience substantial delays in developing appropriate play skills. Video modeling interventions have been successfully used to teach new skills with this population (Shukla-Mehta et al. in Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 25, 23–36 2010). This paper reviews video modeling studies that included children with an ASD and measured a form of engagement in play as one of the dependent variables. Twenty-two studies (n = 57 children) were identified and divided into two categories: solitary and social play. The results indicated that video modeling is an effective intervention to teach various play-related skills. Similarities across intervention methodology are discussed in order to provide general guidelines for the design and use of video modeling interventions. Maintenance and generalization results are also highlighted. Finally, several areas for future research are considered.
Retrograde effect of audiogenic seizure upon the retention of a learned response

Abstract Mice genetically susceptible to audiogenic seizure were trained to acquire a simple escape response from a water-escape apparatus. Four trials were required to acquire this as measured by a successive decrement in response latency. Experimental groups were exposed to auditory stimulation leading to convulsive seizure. All groups were subsequently tested for retention of the escape response. Only those mice exhibiting seizures in close temporal proximity with the acquisition training showed a retention deficit. The data support the hypothesis that a single audiogenic seizure is capable of producing a retrograde retention deficit by interfering with the consolidation of cues present during acquisition.
Disease activity markers in multiple sclerosis Another look at suppressor cells defined by monoclonal antibodies OKT4, OKT5, and OKT8

Abstract Here we report our experience in profiling peripheral blood T-cell subsets with the monoclonal antibodies OKT4, OKT5, and OKT8. Lymphocyte surface phenotype was measured by automated cytofluorometry. In a population survey, we were unable to detect differences between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and control subjects when we compared ratios of lymphocytes of helper cell phenotype (OKT4) to those with suppressor cell phenotype (OKT5 and OKT8). No differences could be established between patients with stable disease, chronic progressive disease, or those with active disease. In a study of 10 patients followed throught an exacerbation, we were also unable to define perturbations in these lymphocyte ratios that correlated with disease activity. Detailed analysis of the fluorescence histogram, which examines the entire spectrum of cell surface fluorescence intensity in a population of lymphocytes, was also not useful in predicting disease activity in these patients. The discrepancies between these data and other reports in the literature are discussed. We propose that these reagents are inadequate indices of disease activity, and that until other monoclonal reagents are developed and studied, the suppressor cell compartment is best assessed by assays of function.
Nutritive Value and Forage Yield of Alfalfa Synthetics under Three Harvest-Management Systems

The improved synthetics averaged 16 and 13 g/kg lower neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, respectively, compared to the standard cultivars (and) averaged 16, 17, 12 and 3 g/kg higher true digestibility, cell wall digestibility, crude protein and cell wall protein concentrations. Therefore, plants selected for higher nutritive value under a recommended harvest sequence can be developed into synthetics with improved quality when grown under other typical harvest systems
Effects of six fertilizers on vegetative growth and flowering of phalaenopsis orchids

Abstract One of six water-soluble fertilizers, 10N-13.1P-16.6K, 15N-4.4P-24.9K, 15N-8.7P-20.8K, 20N-2.2P15.8K, 20N-4.4P-16.6K, and 20N-8.7P-16.6K (10-30-20, 15-10-30, 15-20-25, 20-5-19, 20-10-20, and 20-20-20 in N-P2O5-K2O, respectively), was applied to young seedlings of Phalaenopsis Tam Butterfly at concentrations of 200 or 100 mg N l−1. After seven months, leaf span, leaf size, total leaf area, and shoot and root fresh weight were not different among various fertilizers within either concentration. However, plants had a wider leaf spread, produced more and larger leaves, and had greater total leaf areas in response to the higher fertilizer concentration, regardless of which fertilizer was used. The different fertilizers had a small but significant effect on leaf number. The 10N-13.1P-16.6K fertilizer caused a lower medium pH than the others. Medium fertigated with the 10N-13.1P-16.6K or 15N-8.7P-20.8K fertilizer always had higher EC than that receiving the 20N-8.7P-16.6K fertilizer. In a second experiment, the same fertilizers at the 200 mg N l−1 concentration were used on mature plants in late August, with either municipal water (EC = 1.4 dS m−1) or water from a reverse osmosis system (RO, EC = 0.03 dS m−1). Regardless of which fertilizer was used, flowering date, flower size and number, as well as plant width were unaffected. The 10N-13.1P-16.6K fertilizer resulted in 12% more leaves than 20N-8.7P-16.6K by May the following year. Plants fertigated with RO water had slightly larger flowers and longer leaves.
Precise measurement of the Stark shift of the cesium D1 line

Abstract The dc Stark shift of the cesium D1 line has been observed using two 894 nm cavity-stabilized diode lasers locked to resonance signals from an atomic beam and a saturated absorption cell. The heterodyne signal obtained from the two lasers and optical measurement of the electrode spacing allow well calibrated high precision measurements to be made. The observed scalar shift is found to be 115.219 (15) kHz (kV/cm) -2 . We believe this result to be the most precise Stark shift measurement ever reported.
Transient Induction of the Glial Intermediate Filament Protein Gene in Müller Cells in the Mouse Retina

ABSTRACT The glial intermediate filament protein (GFAP) gene is not normally expressed by retinal Muller cells but it is transcriptionally activated following photoreceptor degeneration. In the present study, we have examined the relationship between progressive photoreceptor loss and changes in GFAP gene activity in Muller cells. In albino mice with light-induced photoreceptor degeneration, GFAP level was strongly elevated after 2 weeks. GFAP level remained high even after 3 months in light. In situ hybridization studies showed that GFAP transcripts were quite sparse in the first week but increased dramatically after 2 weeks of light exposure. After 4 weeks in constant light, however, little GFAP mRNA was detected in Muller cells. RNA blotting also showed that there was an ∼20-fold increase in GFAP mRNA content at 2 weeks; but at 4 weeks, the RNA content fell to about four-fold higher than the basal level. These results show that GFAP level remains high long after its synthesis, probably as a consequence...
Trigeminal neuralgia due to dolichoectasia: angiographic and CT findings in a patient with the EEC syndrome.

Ectrodactyly (lobster claw deformity), ectodermal dysplasia and clefting of the lip or palate, the EEC syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder involving both mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives. Cerebral arterial dolichoectasia, a pathological dilation and elongation of intracranial vessels, was found in a patient with the EEC syndrome. Her hypertensive cardiovascular disease,mild dementia and trigeminal neuralgia were all related to her dolichoectasia. Although the association of dolichoectasia has not been previously observed with the EEC syndrome, it may be more frequent than currently recognized. Cerebral arterial dolichoectasia and its attendant sequelae could account for some of the unexplained abnormalities described in other case reports of patients with the EEC syndrome.
Factors Affecting Gloss Development in Dip-Molded Plastisol Operations

(1978). Factors Affecting Gloss Development in Dip-Molded Plastisol Operations. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 131-144.
Going “purple”: Can military jointness principles provide a key to more successful integration at the marketing-manufacturing interface?

Abstract When the colors of all the U.S. armed services’ uniforms are combined, the color purple appears; therefore, military insiders refer to inter-service operations as “purple” operations. Now a core concept, the “jointness” of U.S. military strategic response to a critical operational failure encapsulates principles and processes through which two or more armed services are best able to integrate strategies, strengths, and capabilities in ways that yield genuine synergies, despite the differences in mission and culture that naturally separate the services. The now ingrained ability of military services to “go purple” quickly has materially contributed to strategic and operational successes during the last 20 years. The internal circumstances as well as global environmental challenges faced by domestic firms, particularly at the marketing-manufacturing (M-M) interface, resonate with those faced by the U.S. military. Firms may benefit from evaluating the prospect of “going purple” at this crucial point of interface. This article integrates military-like jointness principles into an organizational framework that functions as a guide to pursuing cross-functional M-M integration more successfully. The framework also provides a methodology through which managers can determine whether and how much purple ought to be pursued.
A joint estimation detection of Glaucoma progression in 3D spectral domain optical coherence tomography optic nerve head images.

Glaucoma is an ocular disease characterized by distinctive changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) and visual field. Glaucoma can strike without symptoms and causes blindness if it remains without treatment. Therefore, early disease detection is important so that treatment can be initiated and blindness prevented. In this context, important advances in technology for non-invasive imaging of the eye have been made providing quantitative tools to measure structural changes in ONH topography, an essential element for glaucoma detection and monitoring. 3D spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), an optical imaging technique, has been commonly used to discriminate glaucomatous from healthy subjects. In this paper, we present a new framework for detection of glaucoma progression using 3D SD-OCT images. In contrast to previous works that the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurement provided by commercially available spectral-domain optical coherence tomograph, we consider the whole 3D volume for change detection. To integrate a priori knowledge and in particular the spatial voxel dependency in the change detection map, we propose the use of the Markov Random Field to handle a such dependency. To accommodate the presence of false positive detection, the estimated change detection map is then used to classify a 3D SDOCT image into the ”non-progressing” and ”progressing” glaucoma classes, based on a fuzzy logic classifier. We compared the diagnostic performance of the proposed framework to existing methods of progression detection.
DiversIT: inspiring communication about individuals' differences

The world is a mosaic of unique individuals. It is easy, however, to take people's differences for granted. Many people have stereotypes and perceptions of others that conceal the truth about differences between them. In order to help people appreciate differences about one another, we designed DiversIT, which facilitates communication between all people by leveraging the power of the Internet. By centering discussion on a daily question, DiversIT establishes common ground through which people can begin interacting. This increased communication can lead to an improved understanding of each other. DiversIT was developed with user-centered design processes, incorporating potential users into every part of the design process.
The peroxiredoxin gene family in Drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract Five peroxiredoxin genes have been identified in Drosophila melanogaster on the basis of a genome-wide search. Three of the genes (DPx-4156, DPx-4783, and DPx-5037) fall into the 2-Cys subgroup, while the other two (DPx-2540 and DPx-6005) belong to the 1-Cys subgroup. Using cDNAs, all five were expressed in E. coli and the purified recombinant proteins were shown to reduce H2O2 in the presence of dithiothreitol. The three 2-Cys Prx were also shown to be active in the thioredoxin system and were, consequently, classified as thioredoxin peroxidases. Antisera raised against the DPx-4783 recombinant protein crossreacted with all family members and recognized protein species of the predicted sizes (22–27 kD). All five family members, when individually overexpressed in Drosophila S2 cells, conferred some resistance to H2O2 treatment, as measured by cell viability. Functional diversification of the Drosophila peroxiredoxin family members was suggested by two lines of evidence: (i) the patterns of mRNA accumulation varied for the different genes during development and (ii) recombinant proteins fused to an epitope tag and overexpressed in Drosophila cells, differed in subcellular localizations—three proteins occurred in the cytosol, one was localized to the mitochondria, and one was found to be secreted.
Dynamical approach to current algebra

An effective Lagrangian for soft-pion interactions is constructed such that lowest order perturbation theory precisely reproduces the results of current algebra.
THE PRODUCTION AND INHIBITION OF ACTION CURRENTS BY ALCOHOL.

Suitable concentrations of ethyl alcohol (1 to 1.5 M) applied to a spot on a cell of Nitella lower the P.D. enough to cause action currents. The alcohol then suppresses action currents arriving from other parts of the cell and acts as a block. After the alcohol is removed the normal P.D. and irritability return. Similar experiments on the sciatic nerve and skin of the frog produced only a negative result.
A new stain for copper-protein complexes: Its use with crustacean hemocyanins

Abstract A cyanide-tetrazolium medium is suggested as a rapid histochemical stain for copper. Red bands clearly mark the site of copper-protein complexes on polyacrylamide gels. The stain is darker, more specific, and more permanent than other methods currently in use and is particularly useful in the electrophoretic characterization of crustacean serum.
Charcoal adsorption assay for measurement of colchicine binding and tubulin content of crude tissue extracts

Abstract A rapid, reproducible, and quantitative colchicine-binding assay for tubulin content of crude tissue extracts is described and applied to the high speed supernatant fraction of rat liver homogenates. Utilizing Scatchard plots, the colchicine-tubulin association constant is found to be in general agreement with values reported for purified tubulin from other sources.
Acetylenes as probes in the Fischer–Tropsch Reaction

Long-chain acetylenic molecules (from C6 to C10) have been added as probe molecules to the synthesis gas feed in Fischer–Tropsch(FT) reactions on Co/Al2O3 at 0.7 Mpa and 150–220 °C. The acetylenic molecules initiated the reaction at temperatures as low as 150 °C. Use of a phenyl-substituted acetylene allowed the FT products initiated by the alkyne to be distinguished from base case FT synthesis. Terminal alkynes produced straight chain products while internal alkynes produced both terminal and internal products. Aldehydes and alcohols with one carbon more than the added acetylenic probe molecule were the only oxygenates formed, perhaps by a hydroformylation type of reaction.
Analysis of the Arabidopsis Floral Proteome: Detection of over 2 000 Proteins and Evidence for Posttranslational Modifications

The proteome of the Arabidopsis flower has not been extensively studied previously. Here, we report a proteomic analysis of the wild type Arabidopsis flower. Using both two-dimensional electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (2-DGE/MS) and multi-dimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) approaches, we identified 2 446 proteins. Although a single experiment or analysis uncovered only a subset of the proteins we identified, a combination of multiple experiments and analyses facilitated the detection of a greater number of proteins. When proteins are grouped according to RNA expression levelsrevealedbymicroarrayexperiments,wefoundthatproteinsencodedbygeneswithrelativelyhighlevelsofexpression were detected with greater frequencies. On the other hand, at the level of the individual gene/protein, there was not a good correlation between protein spot intensity and microarray values. We also obtained strong evidence for post-translational modification from 2-DGE and MudPIT data. We detected proteins that are annotated to function in protein synthesis, folding, modification, and degradation, as well as the presence of regulatory proteins such as transcription factors and protein kinases. Finally, sequence and evolutionary analysis of genes for active methyl group metabolisms suggests that these genes are highly conserved. Our results allow the formulation of hypotheses regarding post-translational regulation of proteins in the flower, providing new understanding about Arabidopsis flower development and physiology.
Pancreatic hypertrophy in laying pullets induced by unheated soybean meal.

Abstract UNHEATED soybean meal depresses rate of gain and induces a hypertrophy of the pancreas in chicks, Saxena et al. (1961). Saxena et al. (1963) confirmed the finding of Fisher et al. (1957) that unheated soybean meal, adequately supplemented with methionine and vitamin B12, does not depress rate of lay when fed as the primary source of protein in semi-purified diets. Furthermore, Saxena et al. (1963) reported no effect of unheated meal on body or pancreas weight of laying pullets. In contrast, the data presented herein indicate that unheated meal, when fed as the sole source of protein and amino acids, does depress egg production and body weight as well as induce pancreatic hypertrophy and increase the moisture content of pancreatic tissue. EXPERIMENTAL AND RESULTS The basal diet (Table 1) contained 20 mg./kg. of supplemental vitamin B12 but no supplemental methionine. Each of the diets indicated in Table 2 was fed…
The spatial-temporal gradient of naturally occurring motoneuron death reflects the time of prior exit from the cell cycle and position within the lateral motor column.

Abstract Embryonic lumbar spinal motoneurons (MNs) are characterized by a period of programmed cell death (PCD) that spans several days and occurs in a rostrocaudal gradient. The generation of these MNs also takes place in a temporal–spatial gradient, such that MNs within rostral lumbar segments exit the cell cycle earlier and MNs within progressively caudal regions are born later. In vitro studies have shown that the latest born spinal MNs, presumably through the possession of endogenous “survival properties,” are also the last to acquire their trophic dependence. If the birth date and therefore spinal cord location of lumbar spinal MNs influence the spatial–temporal pattern of PCD, then earlier born MNs should die sooner and be located more rostrally than those generated later. Alternatively, if the time at which MNs die during development is unrelated to their prior exit from the cell cycle, those born at various phases should die throughout the period of PCD. We report here that lumbar MNs generated during the earliest part (embryonic day 2–3) of the proliferative period in the developing chick spinal cord tend to die during the earliest stages of the PCD period and that MNs born in successive 12-h intervals die at correspondingly later periods during PCD. Furthermore, the spatial progression of PCD of these subpopulations of MNs occurs in a rostrocaudal gradient. Finally, while MNs do appear to die in a mediolateral gradient during the period of MN PCD, this pattern is only partly accounted for by MNs born in consecutive intervals. These data support the notion that the timing and rostrocaudal location of MNs undergoing PCD reflect their time of exit from the cell cycle.
Plasticity in the Injured Brain More than Molecules Matter

Changes in brain circuits occur within specific paradigms of action in the adult brain. These paradigms include changes in behavioral activity patterns, alterations in environmental experience, and direct brain injury. Each of these paradigms can produce axonal sprouting, dendritic morphology changes, and alterations in synaptic connectivity. Activity-, experience-, and injury-dependent plasticity alter neuronal network function and behavioral output, and in the case of brain injury, may produce neurological recovery. The molecular substrate for adult neuronal plasticity overlaps in these three paradigms in key signaling pathways. These common pathways for adult plasticity suggest common mechanisms for activity-, experience-, and injury-dependent plasticity. These common pathways may also interact to enhance or impede each other during adult recovery of function after injury. This review focuses on common molecular changes evoked during the process of adult neuronal plasticity, with a focus on neural repair in stroke.
The relationship between time spent living with kin and adolescent functioning in youth with a history of out-of-home placement.

Objective Many children in the US who are court-ordered to live in out-of-home care are placed with kinship caregivers. Few studies have examined the impact of living with kin on child well-being. This study examined the relationship between length of time living with kin and indices of adolescent well-being in a cohort of children who were initially court-ordered into out-of-home care.
On Deconvolution as a First Stage Nonparametric Estimator

We reconsider Taupin's (2001) Integrated Nonlinear Regression (INLR) estimator for a nonlinear regression with a mismeasured covariate. We find that if we restrict the distribution of the measurement error to the class of range-restricted distributions, then weak smoothness assumptions suffice to ensure sqrt(n) consistency of the estimator. The restriction to such distributions is innocuous, because it does not affect the fit to the data. Our results show that deconvolution can be used in a nonparametric first step without imposing restrictive smoothness assumptions on the parametric model.
Tryptase from human mast cells does not activate purified human Hageman Factor

The effect of tryptase, a neural protease released from human lung mast cell secretory granules, on purified human Hageman Factor (Factor XII) was examined. No increase in Hageman Factor enzymatic activity was detected after incubation with tryptase at 37 degrees C; activation of Hageman Factor by bovine trypsin served as a positive control. Furthermore, pre-incubation of Hageman Factor with tryptase did not diminish the subsequent activation of Hageman Factor by trypsin. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was also performed to show that incubation with tryptase does not alter the molecular weight of Hageman Factor. Therefore, tryptase neither activates nor destroys human Hageman Factor.
Package-Based Description Logics

We present the syntax and semantics of a family of modular ontology languages, Package-based Description Logics (P-DL), to support context- specific reuse of knowledge from multiple ontology modules. In particular, we describe a P-DL ${\mathcal SHOIQP}$ that allows the importing of concept, role and nominal names between multiple ontology modules (each of which can be viewed as a ${\mathcal SHOIQ}$ ontology). ${\mathcal SHOIQP}$ supports contextualized interpretation, i.e., interpretation from the point of view of a specific package. We establish the necessary and sufficient conditions on domain relations (i.e., the relations between individuals in different local domains) that need to hold in order to preserve the unsatisfiability of concept formulae, monotonicity of inference, transitive reuse of knowledge across modules.
A new approach to time-varying FIR filter banks

Perfect reconstruction (PR) time-varying analysis-synthesis filter banks are those in which the filters are allowed to change from one set of PR filter banks to another as the input signal is being processed. Such systems have the property that, in the absence of coding, they faithfully reconstruct every sample of the input. This paper introduces a new approach to perfect reconstruction time-varying analysis-synthesis filter banks. The new method requires neither the redesign of the analysis sections, nor the use of any intermediate analysis filters during transition periods. It provides a simple procedure for designing time-varying filter banks without the disadvantages of the previous methods. >
Carbon dioxide forcing alone insufficient to explain Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum warming

About 55 million years ago global surface temperatures increased by 5–9 ∘C within a few thousand years, following a pulse of carbon released to the atmosphere. Analysis of existing data with a carbon cycle model indicates that this carbon pulse was too small to cause the full amount of warming at accepted values for climate sensitivity. The Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (about 55 Myr ago) represents a possible analogue for the future and thus may provide insight into climate system sensitivity and feedbacks1,2. The key feature of this event is the release of a large mass of 13C-depleted carbon into the carbon reservoirs at the Earth’s surface, although the source remains an open issue3,4. Concurrently, global surface temperatures rose by 5–9 ∘C within a few thousand years5,6,7,8,9. Here we use published palaeorecords of deep-sea carbonate dissolution10,11,12,13,14 and stable carbon isotope composition10,15,16,17 along with a carbon cycle model to constrain the initial carbon pulse to a magnitude of 3,000 Pg C or less, with an isotopic composition lighter than −50‰. As a result, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increased during the main event by less than about 70% compared with pre-event levels. At accepted values for the climate sensitivity to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration1, this rise in CO2 can explain only between 1 and 3.5 ∘C of the warming inferred from proxy records. We conclude that in addition to direct CO2 forcing, other processes and/or feedbacks that are hitherto unknown must have caused a substantial portion of the warming during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. Once these processes have been identified, their potential effect on future climate change needs to be taken into account.
Design and Integration of Eco-Industrial Parks for Managing Water Resources

This work is aimed at developing an optimization-based approach to the design and integration of eco-industrial parks (EIPs). Focus is given to the management of water among multiple processes in a common EIP facility. Recycle, reuse, and separation using interception devices are considered as possible strategies for managing wastewater. A source-interception-sink structural representation is used to embed potential configurations of interest. The representation accounts for the possibilities of direct recycle, material (waste) exchange, mixing and segregation of different streams, separation and treatment in interception units, and allocation to process users (sinks). Then, the EIP design problem is formulated as an optimization program whose objective is to minimize cost of the EIP while determining optimal recycle and separation strategies. A case study is solved to illustrate the applicability of the devised approach.
Improving Emergency Providers' Attitudes Toward Sickle Cell Patients in Pain.

Background Provider biases and negative attitudes are recognized barriers to optimal pain management in sickle cell disease, particularly in the emergency department (ED).
Some Partial Solutions to the Problems Arising From Expert Statistical Testimony

In the preceding chapter we contrasted the methodologies of law and statistics and noted how various problems arise when expert witnesses present statistical testimony. Here, we explore some possible solutions to the problems that statistical assessments pose for the legal process.
Unitary mixing matrices and their parameterizations

We present a new decomposition of unitary matrices particularly useful for mixing matrices. The decomposition separates the complex phase information from the mixing angle information of the matrices and leads to a new type of parameterization. We show that the mixing angle part of U(n) is equivalent to U(n 1). We give closed form parameterizations for 3x3 unitary mixing matrices (such as the CKM and MNS matrices) that treat the mixing angles equally. We show the relationship between Berry-Pancharatnam or quantum phase and the Jarlskog invariant JCP that gives the CP-violation in the standard model. We established the likely existence of the new decomposition by computer simulation in 2008. Philip Gibbs proved the n = 3 case in 2009 and in 2011, Samuel Lisi proved the general case using Floer theory in symplectic geometry. We give an accessible version of Lisi’s proof.
HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT: MODELS, METAPHORS, AND MAPS FOR APPLYING THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES TO PRACTICE

James A Forte (2006). Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/ Cole (640 pp., $96.95, softcover, ISBN# 978‐0495006596). Human Behavior and the Social Environment is a theory‐based textbook that provides three ...
Adsorption characteristics of influenza viruses to cholesterol and fatty acids.

SummaryMarked differences were noted among strains of influenza with respect to adsorption to powdered cholesterol, palmitic acid and stearic acid. It has been shown that some strains suspended in allantoic fluids adsorb to lipids less efficiently than when suspended in buffered saline. Behavior of type B/GL strain was significantly different from type A strains, especially with cholesterol or palmitic acid as adsorbent. Mixtures of minimal amounts of influenza virus with cholesterol or stearic acid elicited an enhanced antibody response in animals when tested at 3 weeks.
Quantifying tight-gas sandstone permeability via critical path analysis

Abstract Rock permeability has been actively investigated over the past several decades by the geosciences community. However, its accurate estimation still presents significant technical challenges, particularly in spatially complex rocks. In this short communication, we apply critical path analysis (CPA) to estimate permeability in porous rocks from measured mercury intrusion porosimetry and electrical conductivity data. Theoretical estimations of various CPA-based models are then compared to experimental measurements using eighteen tight-gas sandstones. Except for two of the samples, we find permeability estimations performed with the Skaggs model (assuming pore diameter independent of its length) more accurate than other models, within a factor of two of the measured permeabilities. We discuss some plausible sources of the uncertainties.
Energy-efficient cache memories using a dual-Vt 4T SRAM cell with read-assist techniques

In order to improve the energy-efficiency of cache memories, this paper presents a static random access memory (SRAM) cell composed of four transistors using dual-Vt FinFET devices. The proposed 4T SRAM cell is designed by (i) removing pull-down transistors of the standard 6T SRAM, and (ii) using low-leakage high-Vt devices for pull-up transistors and fast low-Vt devices for access transistors. This dual-Vt design simultaneously improves hold and write characteristics, but results in a destructive read operation. Accordingly, read-assist techniques are employed to ensure a non-destructive and robust read operation. A selective row address decoder is also proposed to prevent the undesired write operation in half-selected cells. The 4T SRAM cell compared with the all-single-fin 6T counterpart has a 25% smaller layout area with an aspect ratio closer to one. Furthermore, using 7nm FinFET devices with a nominal supply voltage of 0.45V, the 4T SRAM cell achieves 3.5× lower cell leakage power. Because of these features, the energy consumption of a 32KB L1 (256KB L2) cache memory using 4T SRAM cell compared with its 6T counterpart is reduced by 18% (2×), with 35% (19%) higher cache access frequency.
The Atlas of Science Literacy

The Atlas of Science Literacy is published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and is separated into two volumes. The first volume, published in 2001, primarily focuses on how students across grades K-12 can increase their scientific literacy knowledge base.
The objective minimization function for the mathematical representation of solubility data for solutes dissolved in binary solvent mixtures

Abstract Two minimization objective functions are used in calculating the curve-fit parameters of the Simplified Combined Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent (NIBS)/Redlich-Kister model for describing the experimental solubility of both linonin in binary aqueous-acetone solvent mixtures and betulinic acid in binary aqueous-tetrahydrofuran solvent mixtures. Curve-fit parameters based on the minimization of the summed squared differences between the experimental mole fraction solubilities and back-calculated values were found to provide a very good mathematical description of the observed solubility behavior in the organic solvent-rich portions of the binary solvent system. The back-calculated values, however, differed significantly from the observed values at low organic solvent compositions. Curve-fit parameters obtained using the summed squared difference between the natural logarithms of the experimental and back-calculated mole fraction solubilities provided the better mathematical description over the entire range of solvent composition.
Single-user MIMO vs. Multiuser MIMO in the broadcast channel with CSIT constraints

This paper considers fundamental limits on adaptive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission with imperfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). First, the achievable ergodic rates are derived for both single-user and multi-user MIMO systems with different CSIT assumptions, which shows that single-user MIMO is robust to imperfect CSIT while multiuser MIMO loses spatial multiplexing gain in proportion to delay and inverse with channel quantization codebook size. A single-user/multiuser mode switching rule is then proposed based on the average SNR, the amount of delay, and the quantization codebook size. The operating regions for single-user and multiuser modes are determined, which can be used to select the preferred mode. It is shown that the multiuser mode should not be activated when the delay is large or the codebook size is small.
Development of a Conceptual Model to Understand the Adoption of Wearable Technology

In the past, the most research on e-commerce has been focusing on webpage users and mobile users. In addition, there is a positive relationship between attitude toward online store and purchase intention via webpage and mobile apps. The fashion industry launched wearable technology in 2014; therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the consumer behavior regarding Smart Watch focusing on attitude shift on online shopping with a theoretical approach.
Abstract 220: Longer Door to Balloon Time: Effect of Chronic Kidney Disease on Each Step Leading to PCI

Purpose: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a time-sensitive process. In high risk populations this time could be longer and affect the reperfusion results. The aim of this study was to examine the door-to-balloon time in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and determine the influence of CKD at each step leading to PCI. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients admitted at an academic medical center for suspicion of acute coronary syndrome from 2004 to 2011. ICD9 codes were used to identify patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and comorbidities. CKD was defined using an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 2 . ST segment elevation (STEMI) status was ascertained at hospital admission. In our hospital, date-times of each step (diagnostic ECG, alert for potential MI) are monitored. Non-parametric tests were used to compare time intervals according to GFR. Because the door-to-balloon time is right skewed, we log transformed time and modeled it as gamma distributed using a generalized estimating equation (GEE) to examine its association with CKD, after adjusting for age, gender, race, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and diabetes. Results: Our study population included 712 patients with STEMI, of whom 138 (19.4%) had CKD (see table). Door-to-balloon time was longer in patients with GFR Conclusion: Patients with severe CKD have a longer door-to-balloon time than patients without CKD. This difference seems to be due to a longer time-interval between the time the diagnostic ECG is made and the time the MI alert is called. This delay in initiating PCI could be related to the misleading ECG (left ventricular hypertrophy, electrolyte and conduction abnormalities) frequently found in patients with CKD.
Differential Impact of a New RMB Exchange Rate Index on the U.S. and Chinese Financial Sectors

This paper analyzes the impact of launching a new RMB exchange rate index on the financial industry sector for both U.S. and Chinese stock markets by applying the methodology of event study. The abnormal returns of selected listed companies were calculated based on the actual market data for 261 trading days. The results show that introducing the new RMB exchange rate index affects the financial industry sector of the Chinese stock market for a greater number of days than the impact on the financial industry sector of the U.S. stock market.
Underkeel Clearance Reliability Model for Dredged Navigation Channels

This paper presents a reliability measure for selecting marine navigation channel maintenance depth. Resource constraints have resulted in dredging requirements outpacing the funds available to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to perform navigation channel maintenance dredging, but navigation managers lack a method to objectively select maintenance depth alternatives to authorized project depths. The reliability of a navigation channel can be determined as the probability that a vessel’s net underkeel clearance is greater than or equal to 0. Net underkeel clearance was hindcast from underkeel clearance contributors that include sailing draft, water level, bathymetric elevation, vessel squat, and wave response. This method was tested in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, with an authorized depth of 45 ft (13.7 m). The harbor includes two-way container, tanker, roll on–roll off, and passenger traffic with maximum drafts exceeding design depth. Vessel squat in transit is calculated on the basis of vessel spe...
An improved FastSLAM2.0 algorithm based on ant colony optimization

Montemerlo et al. proposed an algorithm called FastSLAM2.0 as an efficient and robust solution to the simultaneous localization and mapping problem. We proposed an ant colony optimization based resampling method, which seriously reduces the problem of particle depletion. Simulation experimental results illustrate the advantages of our method over previous approach.
Multimodality imaging of glioma cells migration in organotypic brain slice culture (Conference Presentation)

Glioblastoma is a primary malignant brain tumor characterized by highly migratory glioma cells capable of invading into surrounding healthy tissue. The mechanism and the physical paths by which glioma cells are capable of invading healthy brain are not well understood. Using human glioblastoma cell line U251 plated on healthy mouse brain slices, glioma cell migration behavior and dynamics are investigated by multimodality imaging. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is used to delineate nerve fiber tracts. PS-OCT is capable of generating depth-resolved images of reflectivity, phase retardance and optic axis orientation. Because of the birefringence property of myelin sheath, nerve fiber tracts as small as a few tens of micrometers can be resolved from phase retardance images. Swept field confocal imaging system is used to image U251 cells expressing GFP-actin and brain vasculature stained by Isolectin B4. Cell migration is acquired by time-lapse imaging and then correlated with brain vasculature and nerve fiber tracts after fine registration of the two modalities. We found out U251 cells preferentially adhere to and migrate along blood vessels. Our data do not suggest a strong correlation between U251 cell migration and white matter tracts distinguished by tissue birefringence. In addition, U251 cell motility is higher in gray matter compared with white matter. Finally, using higher temporal resolution and high magnification, we are able to observe short time-scale dynamic of U251 cells and the ability of U251 cells to exert forces as they deform blood vessels.
Tribo-electric charging of dielectric solids of identical composition

Despite its long history and importance in many areas of science and technology, there is no agreement on the mechanisms responsible for tribo-electric charging, including especially the tribo-charging of chemically identical dielectric solids. Modeling of the excitation, diffusional transport, and de-excitation of electrons from hot spots shows that a difference in local surface roughness of otherwise identical solid dielectric objects leads to different transient excited electron concentrations during tribo-processes. The model predicts that excited electron concentrations are lower and concentration gradients higher in solids with rougher rather than smoother surfaces. Consequently, during contact, the flux of charge carriers (electrons or holes) from hot spots will be greater into the rougher solid than into the smoother solid. These predictions are in agreement with current and historical observations of tribo-electric charge transfer between solids of the same composition. This effect can take place in parallel with other processes and may also play a role in the charging of solids of different composition.
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) as a Biomarker of GABAergic Activity in Autism: Impact on Cerebellar Circuitry and Function

Basic circuits in the brain involve excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. Inhibition in the brain is primarily sustained by the inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA). Neurons that use GABA as their neurotransmitter selectively express the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). This review focuses on recent studies showing abnormalities in the expression of two GAD isoforms, GAD65 and GAD67, by cerebellar GABAergic neurons in postmortem brain tissue sections from individuals with autism. The region of the cerebellum involved in these studies is in the lateral hemisphere, a part of the neocerebellum, in the Crus II region. This region of interest was chosen because of its abundant inputs from the frontal lobe, a region that is important for motor and cognitive processing including high-order executive function and set-shifting behavior tasks. These studies suggest that inhibitory mechanisms may be deeply altered in autism. Specifically, Purkinje cells that are decreased in some autism brains have a large decrease in GAD67 mRNA levels; basket cells, a type of inhibitory interneuron in the molecular layer of the cerebellum contains increased GAD67 mRNA levels; dentate neurons, from the dentate nucleus, a type of deep cerebellar nuclei, contain decreased GAD65 mRNA levels; whereas a large inhibitory neuron type in the granular layer of the cerebellum, Golgi type II cells have normal GAD67 mRNA levels. The chapter describes possible alterations of the normal functioning of cerebellar circuitry which may impact motor and/or cognitive behaviors related to the autistic phenotype. The possibility that these changes could also be a causal role in the disease process is presented.
Mitral valve surgery for acute papillary muscle rupture.

Background Papillary muscle rupture (PMR) is a rare complication of a myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to review our results of mitral valve surgery for acute PMR. Methods Data from patients undergoing emergent mitral valve surgery for acute PMR between 2011 and 2017 at our institution were reviewed. Outcomes included operative morbidity and mortality, mitral valve reoperation, and hospital readmission. Results A total of 2479 patients underwent mitral valve surgery during the study period including 24 (1.0%) for PMR. Mean age was 62 years, and two (8.3%) patients had prior open-heart surgery. Overall Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality was 17.5%. Operative mortality was 12.5% (n = 3) with an observed-to-expected mortality ratio of 0.71. There were no strokes, and new onset dialysis was required in two (8.3%) patients. Mean follow-up was 2.40 ± 1.96 years. Three-year mortality, mitral valve reoperation, and readmission rates were 21.1%, 5.0%, and 45.4%. Conclusions Expeditious operative intervention for PMR can be associated with acceptable operative and longer-term outcomes.