cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Grading, gradients, degradation, grace Part 1: Intensity and causality

This article has two overarching and intertwined themes. The first is the social and semiotic mediation of “comparative grounds”—in particular, the way people come to understand, and alter, the relative intensity of entities and events. The second is the social and semiotic mediation of “causal grounds”—in particular, the way people come to understand, and alter, the sequencing of events, or the channeling of forces. Focusing on the multiple processes that mediate people’s understandings of landslides in a Mayan village in highland Guatemala, it shows the ways causal and comparative grounds relate to physical forces and phenomenological experience, as much as to communicative practices and social conventions. More generally, though less explicitly, this article is about four topics that underlie the Anthropocene: “gradients” (the way qualities vary in their intensity over space and time, and the ways such variations relate to causal processes), “grading” (the ways agents assess and alter such intensities, and experience and intervene in causal processes), “degradation” (the ways highly valuable variations in qualitative intensities are lowered or lost), and “grace” (the way agents work to maintain gradients, care for those whose lives have been degraded, and value those agents who work and care in such ways).
Provider-parent Communication When Discussing Vaccines: A Systematic Review

Abstract Problem Expert literature on communication practices with vaccine hesitant parents posits that a non-confrontational/participatory discussion with the parent would be the best approach to improve compliance. A prior literature review found limited evidence to recommend any particular face to face intervention other than to incorporate communication about vaccination effectiveness during an encounter. Hence, a systematic review was performed in an attempt to determine the most efficacious communication practices to use with parents with vaccination concerns. Eligibility Criteria Quantitative and qualitative studies written in English that assessed the communication framework/style of the provider-parent interaction and studies where provider communication was listed as an intervention were reviewed. Sample Nine articles were included in the sample. Results The majority of the studies were descriptive and qualitative in nature with only one randomized controlled trial. Five of the 9 studies utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. Two main themes included message types recommended or given by the provider and message types that were requested by the parent. Conclusions Overall, findings showed that there is currently not enough information to definitively state the type of provider-parent communication style that should be employed to affect the parents' vaccination viewpoint. However, recurring themes of trust in the provider and a personalized provider-parent interaction were evident, which promotes a participatory type of interaction. Implications The literature indirectly supports providers engaging with vaccine hesitant parents in a more individualized, participatory format, though higher quality and more rigorous studies that focus specifically on provider-parent communication practices are needed.
Demonstration of repeatability in a high-energy-density planar shear mixing layer experiment

Abstract On laser-driven platforms the assumption of experiment repeatability is particularly important due to a typically low data acquisition rate that doesn’t often allow for data redundancy. If the platform is repeatable, then measurements of the repeatable dynamics from multiple experiments can be treated as measurements of the same system. In high-energy-density hydrodynamic instability experiments the interface growth is assumed to be one of the repeatable aspects of the system. In this paper we demonstrate the repeatability of the instability growth in the counter-propagating shear experiment at the OMEGA laser facility, where the instability growth is characterized by the tracer layer thickness or mix-width evolution. In our previous experiment campaigns we have assumed the instability growth was repeatable enough to identify trends, but in this work we explicitly show that the mix-width measurements for nominally identical experiments are repeatable within the measurement error bars.
PHILOSOPHY AND THE INFORMATION SCIENCES

Philosophy and the information sciences intersect in various ways. Philosophical approaches to the study of information and information-related phenomena focus on metaphysical, epistemological, and ethical questions; philosophical approaches to the study of the information sciences focus on methodological issues. Metaphilosophical questions may also be asked about philosophy of information and about philosophy of the information sciences
Effect of brand and advertising medium on demand for e-cigarettes: Evidence from an experimental auction.

Abstract Print and television advertisements for e-cigarettes are currently legal in the United States. Given that e-cigarettes are a lower-risk alternative to cigarettes, these ads could have a positive public health impact if they motivate smokers to switch to e-cigarettes. However, the public health impact of e-cigarette ads could be negative if ads increase demand for both e-cigarettes and cigarettes. We use experimental auctions –in which participants bid in real auctions and winners pay for the items they purchase – to study the effect of print and TV e-cigarettes ads on demand for the brand from the ad, for another e-cigarettes brand, and for cigarettes. We ran experiments with 288 Pennsylvania smokers in November 2014–March 2015 and we found that in cases where an ad affects demand for e-cigarettes, the ad moves demand for cigarettes in the same direction. For example, the Blu print ad increases demand for Blu e-cigarettes and cigarettes among non-white participants. The Vuse TV ad reduces demand for both types of e-cigarettes and for cigarettes. We also find that non-white participants are willing to pay more for e-cigarettes in the absence of advertising, and that smokers who worry most about their health are willing to pay more for e-cigarettes. The results of this study point to the need for greater scrutiny of advertising for e-cigarette products such that they do not also induce demand for tobacco cigarettes.
Potentiation of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity by vitamin-D-induced hypercalcemia.

The effect of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3-induced hypercalcemia on the course of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in the rat was studied. Daily gentamicin, 100 mg/kg body weight, was administered subcutaneously concomitant with 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3, 50 ng s.c. to male Sprague-Dawley rats. This group was compared to rats injected with gentamicin alone, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 alone, and an ethanol vehicle as a control. Structural and functional parameters of acute renal failure were assessed following 4, 6 and 7 days of treatment. Severe morphologic evidence of tubular injury was documented on day 6 in the group injected with gentamicin and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3. Correlative functional and metabolic evidence of tubular cell deterioration occurred in this group on day 7 as represented by an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 198 +/- 14 mg/dl (p less than 0.001 compared to all other groups), a heightened mean renal cortical homogenate calcium, 1,028.3 +/- 304.8 nmol/mg protein (p less than 0.05 or better compared to all other groups), and significantly increased mean cortical mitochondrial calcium content, 796.3 +/- 116.5 nmol/mg protein (p less than 0.01 in relation to all other groups). Elevated total serum calcium to a level of 11.9 +/- 0.2 mg/dl (p less than 0.001 compared to control group) developed in the gentamicin/1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 group on day 4, 2 days prior to pronounced structural damage, and continued to be elevated through day 7. No difference in serum phosphorus levels, however, developed between control and gentamicin-plus-vitamin-D-treated animals except on day 7 when severe renal failure developed in this group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Case 82: Undifferentiated Sarcomatoid Carcinoma

This elderly woman was incidentally found to have a pancreatic mass on CT scan performed for acute diverticulitis.
A Study Examining the Effect of a Short Bout of Postprandial Walking on the Glycemic Effect of a Meal: Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether 15 minutes of postprandial walking has an effect on the glycemic response to a breakfast beverage in individuals with type 1 diab...
Western Caribbean intraplate deformation: Defining a continuous and active microplate boundary along the San Andres rift and Hess Escarpment fault zone, Colombian Caribbean Sea

The San Andres rift (SAR), located on the lower Nicaraguan Rise, is a previously poorly studied, active, 015°-trending, bathymetric, and structural rift basin that is 11–27 km (7–17 mi) wide and extends for 346 km (215 mi) across the western flank of the Caribbean plate. In this study, we integrate bathymetric maps, potential field data, and high-resolution, two-dimensional (2-D) seismic lines to understand the crustal structure, tectonic history, and tectonic origin of the SAR, which is one of the active areas within the otherwise stable Caribbean plate. We compiled regional gravity and magnetic data that revealed a negative gravity anomaly and positive magnetic anomaly that we interpret as a result of crustal thinning and an elevated Moho along the main rift axis of the SAR. Forward models of gravity data show four possible interpretations for the origin of the crust underlying and surrounding the SAR. Interpretations of 2-D seismic reflection data show structural features within the upper crust and sedimentary sections typical of other active rift systems including a SAR-parallel, north–south alignment of earthquakes with the larger events showing normal and strike-slip focal mechanisms. Sequential kinematic restorations based on 2-D seismic profiles reveal three major phases of SAR opening: (1) the initial early Eocene rifting stage; (2) middle Eocene extension; and (3) a rapid middle Miocene to early Pliocene extension accompanied by emergence of the San Andres Island as a rift shoulder. We propose slab rollback and intraplate extension as main tectonic mechanisms to explain all rift phases and Neogene volcanism found in the western Caribbean region.
Understanding the MXene Pseudocapacitance

MXenes have attracted great attention as next-generation capacitive energy-storage materials, but the mechanisms underlying their pseudocapacitive behavior are not well understood. Here we provide a theoretical description of the surface redox process of Ti3C2Tx (T = O, OH), a prototypical MXene, in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte, based on joint density functional theory with an implicit solvation model and the analysis of Gibbs free energy under a constant-electrode potential. From the dependence of the O/OH ratio (or the surface H coverage) and the surface charge on the applied potential, we obtain a clear picture of the capacitive energy-storage mechanism of Ti3C2Tx that shows good agreement with previous experimental findings in terms of the integral capacitance and Ti valence change. We find a voltage-dependent redox/double-layer co-charging behavior: the capacitive mechanism is dominated by the redox process, but the electric double-layer charge works against the redox process. This new insight may be useful...
Stability theory and the asymptotic behavior of dynamical systems.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the more recent and nonclassical approach to Liapunov's method, and highlights some of the new results that this approach has produced. It discusses autonomous (stationary) systems defined by ordinary differential equations and presents a fundamental theorem that includes all of the classical Liapunov theorems on stability and instability for autonomous systems. The chapter presents examples to highlight the way in which this theorem can be used to study the asymptotic behavior of a system in the large and the way in which this can be done with nonclassical Liapunov functions. It is usually easier to use the method to synthesize a system to have a desired behavior than it is to analyze the asymptotic behavior of a given system. The chapter also presents some more specialized results that have proved to be useful for applications and are all direct consequences of the fundamental theorem. It explores the extent to which the fundamental theorem can and cannot be extended to nonautonomous (time-varying) systems.
Antigenicity of Red Cell Membrane Proteins

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the antigenicity of red-cell membrane proteins. The protein moiety of the red-cell membrane comprises a number of proteins. In a study described in the chapter, some rabbits were immunized with hemoglobin free ghosts, butanol extracted ghosts, and ghosts extracted with butanol after pretreatment at low pH. Strong precipitating antibodies were obtained, and 5–8 antigenic determinants were detected in water-soluble human stromal proteins by immunoelectrophoresis. Soluble proteins were also prepared by several other methods—for example, dialysis against alkalinized water, dialysis against ATP and mercaptoethanol, redissolution of lyophilized stroma, Soxhlet extraction, and pyridine extraction. The results of the study indicated that human stromal proteins are antigenic and the antigenic determinants are unrelated to major blood groups.
Dilution of Proparacaine in Balanced Salt Solution Reduces Pain of Anesthetic Instillation in the Eye

Background and Objectives. Proparacaine (P), 0.5%, is often applied topically to the eye to diminish the pain of injection of anesthetic for eye surgery; however, application of 0.5% P itself can cause some degree of discomfort. This study evaluated the use of balanced salt solution to dilute P before instillation in the eye to prevent discomfort. Methods. In a double-blinded manner, 42 consenting adults about to undergo cataract surgery were given 0.5% P in one eye and 0.03% P in the other eye. One minute later the same solutions were instilled into each eye. Ten minutes later, 0.5% P was instilled into both eyes. After each instillation the patients were asked to describe the pain in each eye on a 0 to 10 scale. Results. Those receiving 0.5% as the first drop had a mean pain score of 1.28, which was greater than the score of 0.09 for the 0.03% P group (P Conclusions. Dilution of P in balanced salt solution to a concentration of 0.03% produces a solution that is significantly less painful than 0.5% P and reduces the discomfort of the instillation of 0.5% P.
Time Reversed Ultrasonic Echoes as an Experimental Tool

Ultrasonic parametric backward wave interactions were first observed by Damon and Van de Vaart1 who utilized the “parallel pumping” magnetoelastic interaction in YIG. In this method the backward propagating wave, at frequency ω, is generated through the parametric interaction of a forward propagating wave at ω, with a non-propagating pump field at 2ω. Subsequently, a similar interaction, second order piezoelectricity, was investigated by Thompson and Quate2 in LiNbO3. This effect exists in all piezoelectric crystals, and has been extensively utilized in nonlinear surface wave devices. More recently, two other ultrasonic backward wave interactions, ultrasonic spin echoes3, and polarization echoes4, have been discovered. For both these phenomena the pump frequency is the same as that of the forward and backward waves, ω5. The source of the nonlinearity in the case of polarization echoes occurs through electric field induced ionization of trapped electrons6, resulting in a space and time modulated free electron distribution, and/or a space modulated trapped charge distribution. We define two types of polarization echoes, parametric and holographic, according as the backward wave is generated by interaction of the forward wave with either the free or trapped distributions, respectively.
Inhibition of glycoconjugate secretion by colchicine and cytochalasin B. An in vitro study of human airway.

The effects have been analyzed of cytochalasin B and colchicine on the secretion of glycoconjugates by human bronchial expiants labeled in vitro with radioactive glucosamine. Both cytochalasin B and colchicine had no effect on baseline 14C-labeled glycoconjugate release but caused a dose-dependent (10−7–10−4 M) inhibition of 14C-glycoconjugate release and discharge of labeled macromolecules from mucous and serous cells induced by 5 · 10−5 M methacholine. Quantitative autoradiographic analyses showed that neither cytochalasin B nor colchicine inhibited 3H-threonine or 3H-glucosamine incorporation into mucous and serous cells of the submucosal glands or goblet cells of the airway epithelium. Colchicine (10−5 M) but not cytochalasin B significantly reduced the rate at which labeled macromolecules were transported through mucous, serous and goblet cells but this effect was not observed until 4 h after the addition of colchicine. Neither cytochalasin B nor colchicine affected the basal rate of labeled-macromolecule discharge from mucous, serous or goblet cells. At a concentration of 10−5 M, both agents completely inhibited the increase in labeled-macromolecule discharge induced in mucous and serous cells by methacholine. Our results suggest that in the submucosal gland of human airways microtubules and microfilaments may be important in secretagogue-induced but not in baseline cellular glycoconjugate discharge, implying that the mechanisms of the two processes differ significantly. Furthermore, a role for microtubules is suggested in the transport of secretory granules through mucous, serous and goblet cells.
A 20-Year Experience With Resection of Primary Cardiac Tumors and Metastatic Tumors of the Heart.

Background Cardiac tumors are uncommon, occurring in less than 1% of the population, and are comprised of numerous tumor types. Management of certain tumors types such as sarcoma have evolved and improved in the recent era. We evaluate the outcomes of patients who underwent resection of benign or malignant cardiac tumors with a focused review of cardiac sarcomas. Methods Institutional data were reviewed from 1997 to 2017, and 180 patients who underwent tumor resection were identified. Outcomes and survival were examined based on tumor type. Results Two-thirds of patients (119 of 180) had benign tumors. Of 61 malignant tumors, 23 were sarcomas, 24 were cavoatrial tumors, and 8 were T4 lung tumors. In the sarcoma group, operative mortality was 2 of 23 (9.1%). Neoadjuvant therapy was administered to 8 of 23 patients (34.8%) with R0 resection achieved in 5 of 8 patients (62.5%). R0 resection was successful in 7 of 15 patients (46.7%) without neoadjuvant therapy. Mean survival with neoadjuvant therapy was 2.76 ± 3.85 years versus 1.28 ± 1.31 years without neoadjuvant therapy (p = 0.428). Mean survival with R0 resection was 2.79 ± 4.23 years compared with 1.64 ± 1.63 years without (p = 0.407). In the T4 lung tumor group, operative mortality was zero and R0 resection was achieved in 6 of 8 (75%). The cavoatrial tumors were mostly renal cell carcinoma resected with a mortality of 4.5%. Conclusions Cardiac tumors are comprised of diverse tumor types. Indications for, and benefits of, resecting benign tumors and many malignant tumor types are clear, and operative outcomes are generally good. Cardiac sarcomas benefit from neoadjuvant therapy, which improves the rate of complete resection, thus improving survival.
Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management

On behalf of the organizing committee, it is my genuine honor and great pleasure to welcome you to the 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM 2012) in Maui, Hawaii! I hope this conference proves to be both interesting and beneficial. Since its inception, the CIKM conference has provided a unique international forum for the presentation, discussion and dissemination of research findings in data management, information retrieval and knowledge management. The purpose of the conference is to identify challenging problems facing the development of future knowledge and information systems and to shape future research directions though the publication of high quality, applied and theoretical research findings. The conference has been a leading forum in which experts from academic, industry and the public sector gather to exchange ideas, research achievements and technical developments in multidisciplinary research areas. As one of the world's most recognized conferences in the field, this year's CIKM conference has received a record high number of submissions in the history of CIKM, as can be seen from the following statistics: 1492 abstracts submitted 1088 full papers, 229 posters, and 70 demo papers submitted 146 papers accepted for presentation as full papers (13.4% acceptance rate) and 157 papers were accepted for short papers (27.8% cumulative acceptance rate) The increased number of submissions alone is a great demonstration of the lively research areas that contribute to the CIKM area. In addition, CIKM 2012 will host 15 workshops on cutting-edge areas of research and a dedicated Industry Event featuring leading industrial practitioners. We are grateful to all authors who chose to submit their work to CIKM 2012 and are very excited by the final program. CIKM values interdisciplinary research and we are proud to present three keynote speakers for the main conference (Dr. Ricardo Baeza-yates, Prof. William Cohen, and Prof. Jeffrey S. Vitter) and four keynote speakers for the Industry Event (Drs. Eric Brill, Raghu Ramakrishnan, Tom Malloy, and Xuedong Huang), all of whom will give presentations that cross discipline boundaries. I deeply appreciate their time and commitment to deliver their speeches and share their cutting-edge research experiences and insightful comments in their research topics.
Bringing to Light the Risk of Food and Housing Insecurity in Pharmacy Students.

As schools work to address student well-being, addressing food insecurity, defined as the inability to obtain a sufficient amount of affordable and nutritious food,[1][1] and housing insecurity are not issues many pharmacy educators have considered in that equation. As more students attend college
Maternal vegetable intake during and after pregnancy

Improved understanding of vegetable intake changes between pregnancy and postpartum may inform future intervention targets to establish healthy home food environments. Therefore, the goal of this study was to explore the changes in vegetable intake between pregnancy and the postnatal period and explore maternal and sociodemographic factors that are associated with these changes. We examined sociodemographic, dietary, and health characteristics of healthy mothers 18-43y from the prospective Infant Feeding Practices II cohort (n = 847) (2005–2012). Mothers completed a modified version of the diet history questionnaire, a food-frequency measure, developed by the National Cancer Institute. We created four categories of mothers, those that were: meeting vegetable recommendations post- but not prenatally (n = 121; improved intake), not meeting vegetable recommendations during pregnancy and postnatally (n = 370; stable inadequate), meeting recommendations pre- but not postnatally (n = 123; reduced intake), and meeting recommendations at both time points (n = 233; stable adequate). To make our results more relevant to public health recommendations, we were interested in comparing the improved vegetable intake group vs. stable inadequate vegetable intake group, as well as those that reduced their vegetable intake compared to the stable adequate vegetable intake group. Separate multivariable-adjusted logistic regression were used to examine sociodemographic predictors of improved vs. stable inadequate and reduced vs. stable adequate vegetable intake. Women with improved vegetable intake vs. stable inadequate smoked fewer cigarettes while women with reduced vegetable intake vs. stable adequate were more likely to experience less pregnancy weight gain. In adjusted models, employed women had greater odds of reduced vegetable intake (OR = 1.64 95% CI 1.14–2.36). In exploratory analyses, employment was associated with greater odds of reduced vegetable intake among low-income (OR = 1.79; 95% CI 1.03–3.1), but not higher income women (OR = 1.31; 95% CI 0.94–1.84). After further adjustment for paid maternity leave, employment was no longer associated with vegetable intake among lower income women (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 0.76–3.05). More women with reduced vs. stable adequate vegetable intake were lower income and worked full time. Improved access to paid maternity leave may help reduce disparities in vegetable quality between lower and higher income women.
Identification of an occult recto-prostatic fistula with cystoscopy-assisted air colostogram.

Abstract Introduction Anorectal malformations (ARM) in newborns classically present with the absence of a normal anus or an abnormally located anus. In a male infant with a high ARM, an initial diverting colostomy is later followed by a definitive posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP). Prior to definitive surgery an augmented-pressure colostogram is performed to identify the location of the fistula between the rectum and urogenital tract. However, on occasion, the augmented-pressure colostogram fails to identify the location of the fistula tract. We present a case of ARM where augmented-pressure colostogram failed to identify a fistula tract, thus requiring an alternative diagnostic approach. Presentation of case A newborn male presented with a high anorectal malformation and suspected rectourinary fistula on initial augmented-pressure colostogram. The patient ultimately underwent a laparoscopic assisted PSARP after cystoscopy with air colostogram identified the exact location of the fistulous connection in the prostatic urethra. Discussion Augmented-pressure colostogram remains the gold standard in diagnosing rectourinary fistulae in cases of ARM. However, a number of alternative and adjunctive techniques have been proposed in recent years. We provide a brief review of the literature in addition to a case presentation highlighting the potential benefits of pre-operative cystoscopy-assisted air colostogram in male patients with ARM. Conclusion Cystoscopy-assisted air colostogram via a distal mucous fistula can be utilized as an alternative diagnostic modality, especially when the augmented-pressure distal colostogram fails to identify rectourinary fistulae in high anorectal malformations.
Using computer graphics to foster interdisciplinary collaboration in capstone courses

Working effectively as a member of an interdisciplinary team is a skill highly valued by today's employers, but there are many challenges in providing this learning opportunity for students, including the equitable balance of responsibility among team members, an appropriate software environment and cost. A capstone course using Computer Graphics can surmount these challenges and provide valuable interdisciplinary team experience for students.
Prescription stimulant use among young adult college students: Who uses, why, and what are the consequences?

Objective: To examine prescription stimulant use among college students, particularly use with versus without prescriptions or attention deficit hyperactive disorder (attention-deficit/hyperactivitydisorder (ADHD)) diagnoses. Participants: Data were drawn from a diverse sample of college students from seven colleges/universities in Georgia participating. Methods: Measures assessed ADHD-specific factors, prescription stimulant use, access, motives, side effects, and covariates. Results: Of the 219 students reporting prescription stimulant use (average age 20.72 years, 54.8% female, 82.1% White), 45.7% did not have prescriptions or ADHD diagnoses. Correlates of use without prescriptions/diagnoses included lower parental education, attending private school, not having depression- or anxiety-related diagnoses, and past 30-day marijuana and tobacco use. Those without prescriptions/diagnoses were more likely to use to stay awake longer, to have more enjoyable time, and to party longer; they also reported fewer adverse side effects. Conclusions: Campuses should educate students about ADHD, facilitate screening and treatment, and emphasize adverse consequences of recreational use.
UNITED STATES MILITARY PILOTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ARE COMMONLY RETAINED AND ELIGIBLE FOR DEPLOYMENTS IRRESPECTIVE OF PULMONARY VEIN ISOLATIONS

Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been a recognized disqualifying condition for military pilots with impacts on deployments and retainability. This study aims to characterize the long-term outcomes of active duty (AD) pilots with AF who received medical and ablative therapies. A retrospective analysis
CRISPR-mediated gene targeting of CK1δ/ε leads to enhanced understanding of their role in endocytosis via phosphoregulation of GAPVD1.

Human casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) and epsilon (CK1e) are members of a conserved family of abundant, ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinases that regulate multiple cellular processes including circadian rhythm and endocytosis. Here, we have investigated the localization and interactomes of endogenously tagged CK1δ and CK1e during interphase and mitosis. CK1δ and CK1e localize to centrosomes throughout the cell cycle, and in interphase cells to the nucleus, and in both a diffuse and punctate pattern in the cytoplasm. Also, for the first time, they were detected at the midbody during cell division. Mass spectrometry analysis identified a total of 181 proteins co-purifying with a Venus multifunctional (VM)-tagged CK1δ and/or CK1e. GTPase-activating protein and VPS9 domain-containing protein 1 (GAPVD1), a protein required for efficient endocytosis, was consistently one of the most abundant interacting partners. We demonstrate that GAPVD1 is a substrate of CK1δ/e with up to 38 phosphorylated residues in vitro and in vivo. Wildtype and a phosphomimetic mutant of GAPVD1, but not a phospho-ablating mutant, were able to rescue defects in transferrin and EGF internalization caused by loss of endogenous GAPVD1. Our results indicate that GAPVD1 is an important interacting partner and substrate of CK1δ/e for endocytosis.
Controlling Anesthesia Hardware With Simple Hand Gestures: Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down?

BACKGROUND Modern consumer electronic devices and automobiles are often controlled by interfaces that sense physical gestures and spoken commands. In contrast, patient monitors and anesthesia devices are typically equipped with panel-mounted buttons, dials, and keyboards. The increased use of noncontact gesture-based interfaces in anesthesia may improve patient safety through more intuitive and prompter control of equipment and also through reduced rates of surface contamination. A novel gesture-based controller was designed and retrofitted to a standard GE Solar 8000M patient monitor. This type of technical innovation is rare, due to closely held proprietary input control systems on commercially produced clinical equipment. Nevertheless, we hypothesized that anesthesiologists would find a contactless gesture interface straightforward to use. METHODS A gesture-based interface system was developed to control a Solar 8000M patient monitor using a millimeter-wave radar sensor. The system was programmed to detect noncontact "rotate" and "press" gestures to control the patient monitor by implementing a virtual trim knob for interface control. Fifty anesthesiologists tested a prototype interface and evaluated usability by completing a short questionnaire incorporating modified Likert scales. These evaluations were performed in a nonpatient care environment so that respondents were not adversely task loaded during assessment, also allaying any ethical or safety concerns regarding use of this novel interface for patient management. RESULTS Anesthesia hardware was controlled reliably with 2 distinct gestures above the gesture sensor. The gesture-based interface generally was well received by anesthesiologists (8.09; confidence interval, 8.06-8.12 on a 10-point scale), who preferred the simpler "press" gesture to the "rotate" gesture (8.45; 8.39-8.51 vs 7.73; 7.67-7.79 on a 10-point scale; P = .005). The correlation between the preference scores for the 2 gestures from each anesthesiologist was strong (Pearson r = 0.49; 0.25-0.68; P 10 years) was not correlated with preference scores for either gesture (Spearman ρ = -0.02; -0.30 to 0.26; P = .87 for "press" and Spearman ρ = 0.08; -0.20 to 0.35; P = .58 for "rotate"). CONCLUSIONS The use of gesture sensing for controlling anesthesia equipment was well received by a cohort of anesthesiologists. Even though the simpler "press" gesture was preferred over the "rotate" gesture, the intrarespondent correlation indicates that the preference for gestures as a whole is the stronger effect. No adverse relationship was found between acceptability and anesthesia experience level. Gesture sensing is a promising new area to simplify and improve the interaction between the anesthesiologist and the anesthesia workstation.
Macrovoid-free high performance polybenzimidazole hollow fiber membranes for elevated temperature H2/CO2 separations

Abstract Thermally robust membranes are required for H2 production and carbon capture from hydrocarbon fuel derived synthesis (syn) gas. Polybenzimidaole (PBI) materials have exceptional thermal, chemical and mechanical characteristics and high H2 perm-selectivity for efficient syngas separations at process relevant conditions. The large gas volumes processed mandate the use of a high-throughput, small footprint hollow fiber membrane (HFM) platform. In this work, an industrially attractive spinning protocol is developed to fabricate PBI HFMs with unprecedented H2/CO2 separation performance. A unique dope composition incorporating an acetonitrile diluent is discovered enabling asymmetric macro-void free PBI HFM fabrication using a water coagulant. The influences of dope viscosity, coagulant chemistry, and air gap on HFM morphology are evaluated. Elevated temperature (up to 350 °C) H2 permeances of 400 GPU with H2/CO2 selectivities > 20 are achieved. This unprecedented separation performance is a ground breaking achievement at temperatures traditionally considered out-of-reach for polymeric membranes.
Community Based Advantage

Community Based Advantage (CBA) is the advantage a firm gets from integrating its activities within a community, such that the firm not only provides community members with something that they need, value or desire, but the firm’s activities also contribute to the development and well-being of the community. CBA integrates ideas from the traditional strategic management literature, where the focus is on how firms gain a competitive advantage, with ideas about communities and social capital from sociology, to derive a definition and theoretical rationale for the concept of community based advantage. Six sources of CBA are derived and described and the benefits that firms may create for communities are examined. The paper concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of CBA.
Associations of County Tobacco Retailer Availability With U.S. Adult Smoking Behaviors, 2014-2015.

Introduction Greater availability of tobacco product retailers in an area may be associated with smoking behaviors, and the majority of people who smoke purchase their cigarettes at gas stations and convenience stores. This cross-sectional study investigates the associations of overall tobacco retailer density and gas/convenience density with adult smoking behaviors. Methods This study built a list of tobacco retailers in 2014 and calculated the county-level number of retailers per 1,000 people. Individual-level smoking behavior data were drawn from the 2014–2015 Tobacco Use Supplement for a sample of adults (n=88,850) residing in metropolitan counties across the U.S. General estimating equation models were fit to investigate the associations between retailer density and cigarette smoking behaviors (smoking status, quit attempt, quit length). Analyses were conducted in 2020. Results A greater number of tobacco retailers (AOR=1.63, 95% CI=1.35, 1.96) and gas stations and convenience stores (AOR=3.29, 95% CI=2.39, 4.52) per 1,000 people were each associated with a higher odds of a respondent smoking every day than the odds of a respondent not smoking. In addition, both measures were associated with a higher odds of a respondent being an every-day than being a some-day smoker. Associations for gas/convenience density were similar in models that additionally controlled for other tobacco retailers (excluding gas/convenience). Study results did not support associations between retailer density and cessation. Conclusions Tobacco retailer density, especially gas/convenience density, is correlated with daily smoking, the most harmful tobacco use behavior. Calculating tobacco retailer density using gas/convenience stores may be a feasible proxy for overall tobacco retailer density.
Topographic and Nanomechanical Mapping of Plutonium Surfaces

Abstract Atomic force microscopy of gallium-stabilized δ-phase plutonium coupons has been used to map their topography and qualitative mechanical character, including Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov modulus, adhesion, deformation, and dissipation. Initial topographical results demonstrate that the plutonium surface is considerably rough and heterogeneous. Qualitative nanomechanical mapping revealed distinct striation patterns that are not observed in the topography images. Further investigation of the striations in the nanomechanical modes of imaging suggest that they are not measurement artifacts, or plutonium specific features. Similar investigations of stainless steel surfaces established a strong correlation between the mechanical working of the surface (i.e. cutting and grinding) and the appearance of the striations. Reimaging of the plutonium surface after moderate oxidation occurring within an inert Ar atmosphere (∼1 ppm O2) over the course of 13 months revealed a diminished striation pattern. It is suggested that surface stress/strain induced by the mechanical working of the metal surfaces results in the patterns of variable modulus, adhesion, deformation, and dissipation, and that these patterns are affected by the chemical changes and aging of the plutonium surface.
Nicotine self-administration with menthol and audiovisual cue facilitates differential packaging of CYP2A6 and cytokines/chemokines in rat plasma extracellular vesicles

In this study, we investigated whether intravenously self-administered nicotine with menthol and audiovisual cue modulates nicotine-metabolizing CYP2A6, oxidative stress modulators, and cytokines/chemokines in plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) in rats. We assigned rats to self-administered nicotine with: (a) audiovisual cue (AV), (b) menthol, and (c) menthol and AV cue. We found increased levels of CD9 in plasma EVs after self-administered nicotine with menthol and AV cue. Moreover, expression of CYP2A6 in plasma EVs was significantly increased after self-administered nicotine in response to menthol and AV cue. However, despite an upward trend on SOD1 and catalase, increase was not found to be statistically significant, while total antioxidant capacity was found to be significantly increased in plasma and plasma EVs obtained after self-administered nicotine with menthol and AV cue. Among cytokine and chemokine profiling, we found a significant increase in the levels of MCP-1 after self-administered nicotine with menthol and AV cue and complete packaging of IL-1β in EVs. Taken together, the study provides evidence that nicotine in response to menthol and AV cues can package altered levels of CYP2A6, and cytokines/chemokines in plasma EVs that may contribute to cell-cell communication, nicotine metabolism, and inflammation upon cigarette smoking.
Gaming Sexism: Gender and Identity in the Era of Casual Video Games

Playing video games has been constructed as a masculine pursuit since arcade games began popping up the 1970s. Access to video games has changed since then with the development of home video consol...
The use of dialkyl acetals in the N-alkylation of 8-oxoadenosine and guanosine. Mechanistic studies and rate determination

Abstract The use of seven N,N-dimethylformamide dialkyl acetals (methyl-, ethyl-, benzyl-, n-propyl-, n-butyl-, t-butyl, and neopentyl-) was explored for the exocyclic amine protection and subsequent N-alkylation of 8-oxoadenosine and guanosine. Reactions occurred in good to modest yields (50–95%) upon addition of heat (60 °C) using DMF as solvent. We determined relative rates of reaction and kinetic experiments resulted in the following order: Me ≫ Bn ≈ t-Bu ≫ Et ≈ n-Pr ≈ n-Bu > Me (Np, neopentyl). We found that groups that stabilize a pseudo-carbocation intermediate facilitate the completion of the reaction and lead to different reaction pathways, including elimination of isobutylene and ethylene in some cases.
george knox, Catalogue of the Tiepolo Drawings in the Victoria and Albert Museum

(1966). george knox, Catalogue of the Tiepolo Drawings in the Victoria and Albert Museum. The Art Bulletin: Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 261-263.
Compact functions and the Frazier-Jawerth transform

Summary form only given. The Frazier-Jawerth transform (FJT), originally the phi-transform, is similar to the wavelet transform and is distinguished by the fact that the analyzing functions form an overcomplete basis for he signal space and may be nonorthogonal. This added flexibility makes possible the definition of optimal analyzing functions, which are the focus of this study. For continuous-time and infinite discrete-time signals, the optimally localized functions are the prolate spheroidal wave functions and their discrete versions. For finite discrete-time signals and images, generalizations of these functions that are applicable for use in the FJT have been identified by the authors. >
Do Performance Goals Lead Students to Game the System

Students approach the learning opportunity offered by intelligent tutoring systems with a variety of goals and attitudes. These goals and attitudes can substantially affect students' behavior within the tutor, and how much the student learns. One behavior that has been found to be associated with poorer learning is gaming the system, where a student attempts to complete problems and advance through an educational task by systematically taking advantage of properties and regularities in the system used to complete that task. It has been hypothesized that students game the system because of performance goals. In this paper, however, we find that the frequency of gaming the system does not correlate to a known measure of performance goals; instead, gaming is correlated to disliking computers and the tutor. Performance goals, by contrast, are shown to be associated with working slowly and avoiding errors, and are found to not be correlated to differences in learning outcomes.
Postoperative pain control after tonsillectomy.

THE FOLLOWING TWO ARTICLES present very recent research on postoperative pain in patients who have undergone a tonsillectomy. Both were published in a well-respected, peer-reviewed, medical periodical, which is the official journal of the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery. Although both reports look at the same general topic, their methods of inquiry differ: the first is a prospective clinical trial, whereas the second is a retrospective chart review. Furthermore, Gao et al are associated with the Department of Anesthesiology at Harbin Medical University in Harbin, China, Bedwell and his team are based in Washington, DC, USA.
Global Health Volunteering; Understanding Organizational Goals

This paper examines the goals of organizations that sponsor short-term volunteer trips in global health, whether they be NGO’s, faith-based, educational, or corporate organizations. Results from a U.S.-based national survey of 177 such organizations and 27 interviews with trip organizers suggest that organizations often sponsor volunteer trips to achieve goals that are quite different from the improvement of health outcomes in poor countries. While providing health services is often cited as the most important goal, volunteer activity is also considered important in enhancing the organizations’ reputation, recruitment and retention, and financial well-being. The prominence of other goals has the potential for diverting resources and focus from what is presumably the primary purpose of serving host communities in the most effective manner possible.
How Good Are Low-Power 64-Bit SoCs for Server-Class Workloads?

Emerging system-on-a-chip (SoC)-based microservers promise higher energy efficiency by drastically reducing power consumption albeit at the expense of loss in performance. In this paper we thoroughly evaluate the performance and energy efficiency of two 64-bit eight-core ARM and x86 SoCs on a number of parallel scale-out benchmarks and high-performance computing benchmarks. We characterize the workloads on these servers and elaborate the impact of the SoC architecture, memory hierarchy, and system design on the performance and energy efficiency outcomes. We also contrast the results against those of standard x86 servers.
Exposure of native bees foraging in an agricultural landscape to current-use pesticides.

Abstract The awareness of insects as pollinators and indicators of environmental quality has grown in recent years, partially in response to declines in honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations. While most pesticide research has focused on honey bees, there has been less work on native bee populations. To determine the exposure of native bees to pesticides, bees were collected from an existing research area in northeastern Colorado in both grasslands (2013–2014) and wheat fields (2014). Traps were deployed bi-monthly during the summer at each land cover type and all bees, regardless of species, were composited as whole samples and analyzed for 136 current-use pesticides and degradates. This reconnaissance approach provides a sampling of all species and represents overall pesticide exposure (internal and external). Nineteen pesticides and degradates were detected in 54 composite samples collected. Compounds detected in > 2% of the samples included: insecticides thiamethoxam (46%), bifenthrin (28%), clothianidin (24%), chlorpyrifos (17%), imidacloprid (13%), fipronil desulfinyl (7%; degradate); fungicides azoxystrobin (17%), pyraclostrobin (11%), fluxapyroxad (9%), and propiconazole (9%); herbicides atrazine (19%) and metolachlor (9%). Concentrations ranged from 1 to 310 ng/g for individual pesticides. Pesticides were detected in samples collected from both grasslands and wheat fields; the location of the sample and the surrounding land cover at the 1000 m radius influenced the pesticides detected but because of a small number of temporally comparable samples, correlations between pesticide concentration and land cover were not significant. The results show native bees collected in an agricultural landscape are exposed to multiple pesticides, these results can direct future research on routes/timing of pesticide exposure and the design of future conservation efforts for pollinators.