cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Homeric Cento in Irenaeus, "Adversus Haereses" I, 9,4

In the second volume of his Histoire des Doctrines Chretiennes, Jean Danielou discusses the relation between the thought of several early Christian fathers and certain aspects of Hellenistic culture.1 He shows that, along with the interplay of Greek philosophy and Christian theology, there also existed an interesting and fruitful exchange between Christians and non-Christians concerning the poems of Homer. Summarizing the researches of men such as Pepin and Buffiere, Danielou outlines some of the approaches taken by Christians at this time to Homer.2 Homer was not only a topic of discussion and controversy among orthodox Christian writers. Some gnostic writers also made use of him and were, in Danielou's words, "inspired by Homeric allegory". In particular Danielou refers to Valentinus and his school, and mentions, among other references, a citation of Homer in the Gospel of Truth.3 To support the claim that the school of Valentinus used the Homeric poems, Danielou points to the Homeric cento cited by Irenaeus in Book I of the Adversus Haereses (9,4). According to Danielou this cento "was composed by Valentinus and interpreted by him in an allegorical sense" (p. 82). At the same time he admits that the sense of the cento, as intended by Valentinus, is difficult to determine. If Danielou is correct in his interpretation of the origin ot the cento he has given us an interesting and significant piece of evidence for the understanding of Valentinian gnosticism and its practice of an allegorical exegesis of Homer.
Public health impact and treatment of insomnia

A growing number of people are concerned about their sleep in the United States. There are an estimated 40 million US citizens with chronic sleep disorders. The cost to society of sleep disorders has been estimated at greater than $90 billion US dollars. Despite this enormous cost to society, there remains a pervasive lack of attention provided to medical management of this problem. This is compounded by inadequate funding of sleep disorders research. There are treatments available to improve insomnia. These include different behavioral and pharmacologic regimes that can be used separately or in combination. Successful treatment requires thorough knowledge of the differential diagnosis of insomnia. The greatest public health challenge in the management of insomnia is how to develop effective educational programs that will allow the general public to improve their sleep. This will require greater cooperation from primary care providers and the government. Sleep disorders are the most important public health problem not being addressed in the United States.
The influence of fetal sex on the levels of plasma progesterone in the human fetus.

Progesterone levels in the human fetoplacental unit at term were determined by a competitive protein binding method. Progesterone levels in the umbilical vein were always higher than in the umbilical artery. The concentration of progesterone in the umbilical vein of male and female fetuses was identical. However, the umbilical venous-arterial difference in progesterone levels was significantly greater in female than in male fetuses. The fetal genotype therefore may affect the fate of progesterone available to the fetus.
Genetic control of cellular suicide.

Genetic analysis of programmed cell death in C. elegans has led to the identification of two genes, ced-9, a cell death suppressor, and ced-3, a cell death inducer, that play critical roles in regulating programmed cell death. The ced-9 and ced-3 genes were found to encode proteins that share structural and functional similarities with the mammalian proto-oncogene product Bcl-2 and interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE), respectively. Multiple members of the Bcl-2 family and the ICE family have been identified in vertebrates. These results suggest that the mechanism of apoptosis in vertebrates may be evolved from a much simpler version of a similar pathway in primitive organisms.
Screening guidelines for colorectal cancer.

Abstract Evidence-based guidelines recommend that all asymptomatic, average-risk U.S. citizens >50 years of age be encouraged to undergo screening for colorectal cancer. Those at higher risk should be offered more intensive screening and follow-up surveillance. It is estimated that widespread adoption of these recommendations could reduce mortality from colorectal cancer by >50%. The only screening methods that have been evaluated directly are the fecal occult blood test and flexible sigmoidoscopy. Current guidelines now recommend annual screening for fecal occult blood plus flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years for asymptomatic, average-risk men and women >50 years of age. Indirect evidence supports the options of colonoscopy or barium enema x-ray screening for highly motivated individuals, but these methods have not yet been tested in prospective trials. In the future, gene-based screening tests may be developed, and computed tomography of the colon ("virtual colonoscopy") may prove effective and feasible.
Phenol-induced stimulation of hydroquinone bioactivation in mouse bone marrow in vivo: possible implications in benzene myelotoxicity.

The coadministration of phenol and hydroquinone has been shown to produce myelotoxicity in mice similar to that observed following benzene exposure. One explanation of this phenomenon may be that phenol enhances the peroxidase-dependent metabolic activation of hydroquinone in the mouse bone marrow. Here we report that radiolabeled [14C]hydroquinone and [14C]phenol bind covalently to tissue macromolecules of blood, bone marrow, liver and kidney, when administered intraperitoneally to the mouse in vivo. Substantially more radiolabeled hydroquinone was covalently bound 18 h after administration as compared with that bound after 4 h. Phenol, when administered together with [14C]hydroquinone, significantly stimulated the covalent binding of [14C]hydroquinone oxidation products to blood (P 0.05). Catechol, on the other hand, had no effect on the binding of [14C]hydroquinone oxidation products in either bone marrow, kidney or liver (P > 0.05). When hydroquinone was administered together with [14C]phenol, a stimulation of the covalent binding of phenol oxidation products to bone marrow macromolecules also occurred (P < 0.05). In addition, hydroquinone co-administration increased the covalent binding of [14C]phenol oxidation products in kidney and blood (P < 0.05), but significantly decreased the covalent binding in liver (P < 0.05). These results suggest that altered pharmacokinetics play a major role in the hydroquinone-dependent stimulation of covalent binding of [14C]phenol oxidation products to extrahepatic tissue macromolecules in vivo. The mechanism underlying the phenol-induced stimulation of binding of [14C]hydroquinone by phenol in blood and bone marrow remains unclear, but stimulation of peroxidase-mediated hydroquinone metabolism may be responsible. The latter may therefore play an important role in benzene-induced myelotoxicity.
Intraosseous infusion of muscle relaxants.

Abstract This case report presents the resuscitation of a 6 1 2 - month-old child with elevated intracranial pressure, seizure activity, and a presumptive diagnosis of shaken child syndrome. It is unique in the usage of an intraosseous infusion line for the administration of muscle relaxants and anesthetic agents to aid in an atraumatic intubation in this head-injured child. This is an original report of the usage of the intraosseous line for the administration of succinylcholine chloride, atracurium besylate, and thiopental sodium.
Sea-level data for parts of the Bering-Chukchi shelves of Beringia from 19,000 to 10,000 14C yr B.P.

Sea-level changes in Beringia are especially significant because they affect the migration of land plants and animals between Asia and North America, and marine plants and animals between the Pacific and Arctic oceans. Previous studies of cores from the Bering and Chukchi shelves produced sea-level curves. Evaluation of these data suggests that nine of the radiocarbon-dated estimates of sea-level position are most reliable for the time period 19,000 to 10,000 yr B.P. The trend of these nine points is proposed as the basis for a regional sea-level curve for central Beringia. Constraints on the data must be noted, however, by anyone using them.
The Radiation Chemistry of Ionic Liquids: A Review

Ionic liquids have received increasing attention as media for radiochemical separations. Recent literature includes examinations of the efficiencies and mechanisms of the solvent extraction of lanthanides, actinides, and fission products into ionic liquid solutions. For radiochemical applications including as potential replacement solvents for nuclear fuel reprocessing, a thorough understanding of the radiation chemistry of ionic liquids will be required. Such an understanding can be achieved based upon a combination of steady-state radiolysis experiments coupled with post-irradiation product identification and pulse-radiolysis experiments to acquire kinetic information. These techniques allow for the elucidation of radiolytic mechanisms. This contribution reviews the current ionic liquid radiation chemistry literature as it affects separations, with these considerations in mind.
The ontogeny and regulation of a 31,000 molecular weight insulin-like growth factor-binding protein in fetal porcine plasma and sera

Studies were conducted to determine the presence, quantity, and regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins in porcine plasma and sera. The size distribution of IGF-binding protein was determined by affinity cross-linking to [125I]IGF-I, and the binding activity was quantified by a polyethylene glycol precipitation procedure. The major [125I]IGF-I-binding protein complex was of 38,000 mol wt (Mr) in all porcine sera or plasma tested. Binding to this protein was inhibited by excess unlabeled IGF-I, but not by insulin. When plasma samples from fetuses at 45, 70, 90, and 110 days gestation were cross-linked to [125I]IGF-I, there was an increase in the concentration of the 38,000 Mr complex with advancing gestational age, whereas plasma from the mothers of the age-matched fetuses showed little change in the amount of the 38,000 Mr complex. When the binding activity of the fetal plasma was quantified, there was a significant increase in binding activity between 45 and 110 days gestation from 30.5 +/- 3.3% to 77.5 +/- 3.6% (+/- SE) of the assay maximum. This increase was not due to a decrease in binding protein saturation, since the endogenous IGF-I levels (quantified after acid gel filtration chromatography) also increased with advancing gestational age, from 176 to 458 mU/ml. Blood samples were collected from porcine fetuses at 110 days gestation that had either been decapitated or spinal cauterized at 45 days gestation. Decapitation decreased the amount of the 38,000 Mr complex that could be detected by affinity labeling. In contrast, spinal cauterization had no effect on the amount of the 38,000 Mr complex in fetal plasma compared to that in control fetal plasma. These results were verified in the polyethylene glycol assay. These studies show that the amount of the 38,000 Mr IGF-binding protein complex in pig plasma is developmentally regulated and suggest that a pituitary or neural factor may be an important variable in the control of its plasma concentrations.
Innovative Oral Treatments of Uterine Leiomyoma

Uterine fibroids (leiomyoma), the benign tumors of the uterine wall, are very common cause of morbidity in reproductive age women usually in the form of excessive vaginal bleeding, chronic pelvic pain, miscarriage and infertility. These tumors are the leading indication for hysterectomy in the United States. Uterine fibroids are about 4 times higher in blacks compared to whites and constitute a major health disparity challenge. The estimated cost of uterine fibroids is up to $34.4 billion annually. Additionally, women who suffer from this disease and desire to maintain their future fertility have very limited treatment choices. Currently, there is no effective long-term medicinal treatment for uterine fibroids. While surgery has traditionally been the gold standard for the treatment of uterine fibroids, there is growing interest towards orally administered medications for the management of leiomyoma-related symptoms. In this paper, we will discuss these promising innovative oral medical treatments in detail.
A π-Donor Spectrochemical Series for X in (Me5C5)2TiX, and β-Agostic Interactions in X = Et and N(Me)Ph

The EPR and electronic spectra of d1-bent metallocene compounds of the type Cp*2TiX, where X is halide, alkoxide, amide, alkyl, or hydride and Cp* = Me5C5, have been studied. Several of these compounds are new, and those with X = N(Me)H and F were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure of Cp*2TiN(Me)H showed that the N(Me)H ligand lies on the plane defined by Cp*(centroid)−Ti−Cp*(centroid). This is the sterically most unfavorable conformation but allows maximum Ti−N π-bonding. The anisotropic frozen solution EPR spectra were analyzed by the method used by Petersen and Dahl for the d1-metallocenes, Cp2VX2, which gives gx, gy, and gz. Although the values of gx and gz are relatively constant throughout the series, the value of gy varies with the π-donor ability of X. The π-donor series is N(Me)H ≈ NH2 ≈ OMe > OPh ≈ F > N(Me)Ph > Cl > Br > I > H. Among the known alkyls, the π-donor ability was Et > Me > n-Pr ≈ CH2CMe3 > CH2C6H5, which is rationalized, in part, by a β-agostic interaction...
Radiation and thermal performance measurements of a metal fiber burner

Radiant burners are used in drying, preheating and curing, and in other types of materials processing and manufacturing processes. High radiation efficiency is one of the most important performance criteria for these burners. The wide variation in reported radiation efficiencies appears to be partly due to the differences in the measurement techniques. In the present work, established techniques are used to measure combined (radiation plus convection) efficiencies, and new techniques are used for apparent burner surface and gas exit temperatures. New experimental data are reported for the thermal performance parameters as a function of the firing rate for a uniform flow methane-air, porous radiant burner/heater, which uses a woven metal fiber material (Fecralloy) as the flame support pad.
The reaction between propene and hydroxyl

Stationary points on the C3H7O potential energy surface relevant to the title reaction are calculated employing RQCISD(T)/cc-pV∞Z//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) quantum chemical calculations. Rate coefficients at 50–3000 K temperature and from zero to infinite pressure are calculated using an RRKM-based multiwell master equation. Due to the topography of the entrance channel an effective two-transition-state model is used to calculate accurate association rate coefficients. Our calculations are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. We predict ∼5% vinyl alcohol branching above 1000 K, the allyl radical formation being the main channel at high temperatures.
Radar and rocket comparison of UHF radar scattering from auroral electrojet irregularities: Implications for a nanosatellite radar

[1] This article presents the estimates for UHF radar volume scattering coefficient of auroral electrojet irregularities based on previous measurements of absolute radar scattering coefficients and in situ rocket spectra. Both estimates indicate that a low-earth–orbiting nanosatellite with a 0-dB gain UHF antenna will be sensitive to bistatic scatter into space from the irregularities illuminated by the ground-based Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR). It is also shown that the change of scattering geometry due to the satellite motion is sufficiently slow to “lock on” the target. That is, the satellite will acquire a statistically large number of samples in a sufficiently small time window to resolve the scattering signal power as a function of the Bragg scattering angle with respect to the magnetic field lines.
A History of the English Language

1. Preface to the first edition (2006) 2. Preface to the revised edition 3. Notes to the user and abbreviations 4. List of tables 5. List of figures 6. 1. The English language 7. 2. English spelling, sounds, and grammar 8. 3. Before Old English 9. 4. Old English: 450-1150 10. 5. From Old to Middle English 11. 6. Middle English: 1150-1500 12. 7. Early Modern English: 1500-1700 13. 8. Modern English: 1700-the present 14. 9. English around the world 15. 10. Conclusion 16. Appendix I: Possible answers to the exercises and some additional information on in-text questions 17. Appendix II: How to use the OED 18. Appendix III: Chronology of historical events 19. References 20. Index
Reinstatement of an operant response by the delivery of reinforcement during extinction.

Abstract Twelve severely retarded children were conditioned to respond at stable rates for 4 consecutive days on a fixed-ratio schedule. They were then given a single extinction session. The extinction session lasted until they had met a 2-minute pause criterion 15 times. On five of the occasions after the Ss met the pause criterion, they were delivered reinforcement; on five other occasions a buzzer sounded; and on another five occasions no change in the environment occurred (control). The Ss made more responses after reinforcement than after the buzzer or after the control.
Selective magnesium sulfate prophylaxis for the prevention of eclampsia in women with gestational hypertension.

OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence of eclampsia in women with mild gestational hypertension when only women with severe gestational hypertension are given magnesium sulfate prophylaxis. METHODS This is a prospective 4(1/2)-year observational study. Those women who met our criteria for severe gestational hypertension received intravenous magnesium sulfate prophylaxis, and women with nonsevere hypertension did not. Data were collected at delivery to ascertain the incidence of eclampsia and maternal and neonatal morbidity. RESULTS A total of 72,004 women were delivered during the study period, 6,431 had gestational hypertension, 3,935 met the criteria for severe disease and were given magnesium sulfate prophylaxis, 2,496 women with nonsevere hypertension were not treated. Eighty-seven women developed eclampsia, for an overall incidence of 1 in 828 deliveries, a 50% increase when compared with 5 preceding years where all women with gestational hypertension were given magnesium sulfate prophylaxis. Of the 2,496 women with nonsevere hypertension who were not treated, 27 had eclampsia (1 in 92). Women with eclampsia were more likely to require general anesthesia for cesarean delivery compared with hypertensive women without eclampsia (23% versus 4%, P < .001), but they had no additional morbidity. Infants of eclamptic mothers had more adverse outcomes than those without convulsions (12% versus 1%, P < .04). CONCLUSION Selective magnesium sulfate prophylaxis results in an increased overall incidence of eclampsia because of more seizures in women with nonsevere gestational hypertension who are not given magnesium sulfate prophylaxis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II-3.
A next-generation in-situ nanoprobe beamline for the Advanced Photon Source

The Advanced Photon Source is currently developing a suite of new hard x-ray beamlines, aimed primarily at the study of materials and devices under real conditions. One of the flagship beamlines of the APS Upgrade is the In-Situ Nanoprobe beamline (ISN beamline), which will provide in-situ and operando characterization of advanced energy materials and devices under change of temperature and gases, under applied fields, in 3D. The ISN beamline is designed to deliver spatially coherent x-rays with photon energies between 4 keV and 30 keV to the ISN instrument. As an x-ray source, a revolver-type undulator with two interchangeable magnetic structures, optimized to provide high brilliance throughout the range of photon energies of 4 keV – 30 keV, will be used. The ISN instrument will provide a smallest hard x-ray spot of 20 nm using diffractive optics, with sensitivity to sub-10 nm sample structures using coherent diffraction. Using nanofocusing mirrors in Kirkpatrick-Baez geometry, the ISN will also provide a focus of 50 nm with a flux of 8·1011 Photons/s at a photon energy of 10 keV, several orders of magnitude larger than what is currently available. This will allow imaging of trace amounts of most elements in the periodic table, with a sensitivity to well below 100 atoms for most metals in thin samples. It will also enable nanospectroscopic studies of the chemical state of most materials relevant to energy science. The ISN beamline will be primarily used to study inorganic and organic photovoltaic systems, advanced batteries and fuel cells, nanoelectronics devices, and materials and systems diesigned to reduce the environmental impact of combustion.
Constant pressure hydraulic energy storage through a variable area piston hydraulic accumulator

Abstract Hydraulic accumulators are used in a variety of applications to minimize the pressure variation in hydraulic circuits and to store energy. Conventional hydraulic accumulators suffer from two major limitations, the hydraulic system pressure varies with the quantity of energy stored and the energy density is significantly lower than other energy domains. In this paper, a novel hydraulic accumulator is presented that uses a piston with an area that varies with stroke to maintain a constant hydraulic system pressure while the gas pressure changes. The variable area piston is sealed with a fabric reinforced rolling diaphragm. In this work, the piston radius profile is developed as a function of the piston displacement and then transformed into a function of the axial contact location between the piston and the diaphragm. The piston profile was solved numerically for a variety of conditions using both transformation methods to illustrate the geometric design trade-offs. Using a variable area gas piston with a fixed cylinder area, the maximum gas volume ratio was 1.8:1. An analysis of the energy density revealed that the constant pressure accumulator provides a 16% improvement in energy density over a conventional accumulator at a volume ratio of 2.71:1 and also exceeds the maximum energy density of a conventional accumulator at the lower volume ratio of 1.8:1. This new promising technology maintains a constant hydraulic system pressure independent of the quantity of energy stored, easing system control and allowing other circuit components to be downsized to meet the same power requirements, while also increases the energy storage density.
Making Sense of Eukaryotic DNA Replication Origins

DNA replication is the process by which cells make one complete copy of their genetic information before cell division. In bacteria, readily identifiable DNA sequences constitute the start sites or origins of DNA replication. In eukaryotes, replication origins have been difficult to identify. In some systems, any DNA sequence can promote replication, but other systems require specific DNA sequences. Despite these disparities, the proteins that regulate replication are highly conserved from yeast to humans. The resolution may lie in a current model for once-per-cell-cycle regulation of eukaryotic replication that does not require defined origin sequences. This model implies that the specification of precise origins is a response to selective pressures that transcend those of once-per-cell-cycle replication, such as the coordination of replication with other chromosomal functions. Viewed in this context, the locations of origins may be an integral part of the functional organization of eukaryotic chromosomes.
CASE 1—2011: The Challenges Posed by a Complicated Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy

HEN DISCUSSING heart failure, the left ventricle normally takes center stage, and the right ventricle (RV) can become an afterthought. However, in patients diagnosed with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), the RV takes the lead role. These patients can present with increased right ventricular oxygen consumption with a concomitant decrease in right ventricular oxygen supply, placing them at high risk for right ventricular ischemia and failure. Fortunately, after a pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE), rightheart hemodynamics greatly improve in most CTEPH patients, and right ventricular perfusion is no longer an issue. The authors, however, present a case discussing the management of a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) undergoing a PTE with residual severe PH even after their PTE.
Cryogenic Power Conversion Systems: The next step in the evolution of power electronics technology.

In transportation applications, lower weight and volume of the power conversion systems is very important to achieve high power density, high efficiency, and superior performance. The thermal management of these power conversion units plays a significant role in reducing the weight and volume. The use of superconductive motors/generators, degaussing coils, energy storage modules, and cables has been considered to increase power density and efficiency. High-temperature superconducting (HTS) components combined with cryogenic power converters will provide significant benefits in the electrification of transportation and high power density power conversion systems. Cryogenic power converter modules offer other promising benefits over their room temperature counterparts in terms of reduced size and weight (i.e., increased power density) and improved efficiency, switching speed, and reliability. Such an integration could result in significant weight and space savings for next-generation mass transportation systems. In this article, the current research on cryogenic power electronics and superconducting motors/generators is discussed for future aircraft and ships.
The Modernization of Old Age in France: Approaches through History:

Increasing work on the history of old age allows attention to some key conceptual issues, relevant also for gerontological perspective. Change over time must be characterized in terms of periodizat...
Accessing lexical memory: The transfer of word repetition effects across task and modality

Reading by literate adults is generally assumed to represent skill acquired years earlier. However, the present experiments show that aspects of that skill can be readily modified. In two experiments, pronunciation of visually presented common words speeded later recognition of those words. This facilitation of recognition occurred although subjects did not expect word repetition and the task was changed from pronunciation to recognition. In contrast, naming pictures did not facilitate later recognition of visually presented picture names. The occurrence of facilitation when the task was changed and the lack of facilitation when stimulus format was changed suggest that facilitation occurs in the processes of encoding and accessing memory, processes that may change little across tasks but may change substantially with stimulus format changes. This facilitation of recognition occurs automatically without mediation by subjects’ expectations. A third experiment indicates that this facilitation of recognition shows little relation to episodic memory.
“Tombstone” anterior st‐segment elevations secondary to acute pericarditis: the role of two‐dimensional echocardiogram

Prompt and appropriate administration of thrombolytic therapy is important for patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, in addition to contraindications, alternative causes of ST-segment elevation should be considered before thrombolytic therapy is instituted. A patient with marked ST-segment elevation in the anterior leads suggestive of acute ischemia is presented. Because of lack of ischemic symptoms, an echocardiogram was performed. This showed mild generalized hypokinesis, and thrombolytic therapy was not administered. Subsequent ECGs demonstrated evolutionary findings consistent with pericarditis. In selected patients a two-dimensional echocardiogram, which can be easily performed at patient bedside, will help in appropriate patient management.
Permutation entropy analysis of vital signs data for outcome prediction of patients with severe traumatic brain injury

Permutation entropy is computationally efficient, robust to outliers, and effective to measure complexity of time series. We used this technique to quantify the complexity of continuous vital signs recorded from patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Using permutation entropy calculated from early vital signs (initial 10-20% of patient hospital stay time), we built classifiers to predict in-hospital mortality and mobility, measured by 3-month Extended Glasgow Outcome Score (GOSE). Sixty patients with severe TBI produced a skewed dataset that we evaluated for accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The overall prediction accuracy achieved 91.67% for mortality, and 76.67% for 3-month GOSE in testing datasets, using the leave-one-out cross validation. We also applied Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis to compare classifiers built from different learning methods. Those results support the applicability of permutation entropy in analyzing the dynamic behavior of TBI vital signs for early prediction of mortality and long-term patient outcomes. Permutation entropy can measure complexity of clinical time series.Features derived from early vital signs have prediction power for long-term outcomes.Ordinal patterns from vital signs could provide clinical meaningful interpretation.
Long-Period Building Response to Earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay Area

This article reports a study of modeled, long-period building responses to ground-motion simulations of earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay Area. The earthquakes include the 1989 magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake, a magnitude 7.8 simulation of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, and two hypothetical magnitude 7.8 northern San Andreas fault earthquakes with hypocenters north and south of San Francisco. We use the simulated ground motions to excite nonlinear models of 20-story, steel, welded moment-resisting frame (MRF) buildings. We consider MRF buildings designed with two different strengths and modeled with either ductile or brittle welds. Using peak interstory drift ratio (IDR) as a performance measure, the stiffer, higher strength building models outperform the equivalent more flexible, lower strength designs. The hypothetical magnitude 7.8 earthquake with hypocenter north of San Francisco produces the most severe ground motions. In this simulation, the responses of the more flexible, lower strength building model with brittle welds exceed an IDR of 2.5% (that is, threaten life safety) on 54% of the urban area, compared to 4.6% of the urban area for the stiffer, higher strength building with ductile welds. We also use the simulated ground motions to predict the maximum isolator displacement of base-isolated buildings with linear, single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) models. For two existing 3-sec isolator systems near San Francisco, the design maximum displacement is 0.5 m, and our simulations predict isolator displacements for this type of system in excess of 0.5 m in many urban areas. This article demonstrates that a large, 1906-like earthquake could cause significant damage to long-period buildings in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Update on the Sea Contributions to Hadron Electric Polarizabilities through Reweighting

We present the results of a reweighting calculation to compute the contribution of the charged quark sea to the neutron electric polarizability. The chief difficulty is the stochastic estimation of weight factors, and we present a hopping parameter expansion-based technique for reducing the stochastic noise, along with a discussion of why this particular reweighting is so difficult. We used this technique to estimate weight factors for 300 configurations of nHYP-clover fermions and compute the neutron polarizability, but the reweighting greatly inflates the overall statistical error, driven by the stochastic noise in the weight factors.
Separation of α‐lactalbumin and β‐lactoglobulin using membrane ultrafiltration

There is considerable commercial interest in the preparation of individual whey proteins as high-value food additives, nutraceuticals, and therapeutics. This study examined the use of membrane filtration for the separation of alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin. Stirred cell filtration experiments were performed using both cellulosic and polyethersulfone membranes to determine the optimal pH, ionic strength, and filtration conditions. Selectivities of greater than 55 could be achieved at pH 5.5 and 50 mM ionic strength using a 30-kD cellulose membrane. A diafiltration process was then designed for the protein separation. A 16-diavolume filtration yielded beta-lactoglobulin as the retentate product with a purification factor of 100 and recovery of 90%. The alpha-lactalbumin was recovered in the filtrate with a purification factor of more than 10 and nearly 99% yield. Model calculations were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Pseudo-Retract Functors for Local Lattices and Bifinite L-domains

Recently, a new category of domains used for the mathematical foundations of denotational semantics, that of L-domains, has been under study. In this paper we consider a related category of posets, that of local lattices. First, a completion operator taking posets to local lattices is developed, and then this operator is extended to a functor from posets with embedding-projection pairs to local lattices with embedding-projection pairs. The result of applying this functor to a local lattice yields a local lattice isomorphic to the first; this functor is a pseudo-retract.
A 200-year paleoecological record of Pinus virginiana, trace metals, sedimentation, and mining disturbance in a Maryland serpentine barren1

Abstract The objective of this study was to provide stratigraphic data that could augment historic and recent ecological information concerning the cause of the 20th century vegetation shift from grassland to pine forest in a central Maryland serpentine barren, and potentially elucidate the role of fire, chromium mining, grazing, and other disturbances on serpentine vegetation. A 46-cm core was extracted from a shallow pond draining the watershed of Chimney Branch, underlain by serpentinite. Core chronostratigraphy was established by identifying two sharp spikes in Cr concentrations correlated with historic Cr mining activity peaks and an abrupt increase in pine needle abundance, when pine populations expanded around the coring site. Pine needle analysis reveals that Pinus virginiana (Virginia pine) has been present within a few meters of the coring site since ca. 1810, 120 years earlier than previously documented. A dearth of charcoal over the 200-yr period indicates there were no major fires at the cori...
Phosphorylation of Estrogen Receptor α at Serine 118 Directs Recruitment of Promoter Complexes and Gene-Specific Transcription

Phosphorylation of estrogen receptor α (ERα) is important for receptor function, although the role of specific ERα phosphorylation sites in ERα-mediated transcription remains to be fully evaluated. Transcriptional activation by ERα involves dynamic, coordinate interactions with coregulators at promoter enhancer elements to effect gene expression. To determine whether ERα phosphorylation affects recruitment of unique protein complexes at gene-specific promoters, changes in ERα Ser118 phosphorylation were assessed for effects on receptor and coregulator recruitment and transcription of ERα-regulated genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to measure promoter association found a 17β-estradiol (E2)-dependent recruitment of ERα at 150 min to ERα-regulated promoters, whereas ERα phosphorylated at Ser118 was dissociated from promoters after E2 treatment. Mutation of Ser118 to alanine (S118A) altered unliganded and ligand-induced association of ERα and p160 coregulators with ERα target promoters when compared with wild-type (WT)-ERα transfection. S118A and WT-ERα exhibited a similar level of recruitment to the estrogen response element-driven pS2 promoter and induced pS2 mRNA after E2 treatment. Although WT-ERα was recruited to c-myc and cyclin D1 promoters after E2 treatment and induced mRNA expression, S118A exhibited reduced interaction with c-myc and cyclin D1 promoters, and E2 did not induce c-myc and cyclin D1 mRNA. In addition, S118A resulted in increased recruitment of steroid receptor coactivator-1, glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein-1, and activated in breast cancer-1 to pS2, c-myc, and cyclin D1 irrespective of the presence of E2. Together, these data indicate that site specific phosphorylation of ERα directs gene-specific recruitment of ERα and transcriptional coregulators to ERα target gene promoters.
Putin's foreign policy toward North Korea

Since coming to office in 2000, President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, has taken a pragmatic and calculating approach to the conduct of foreign policy in order to promote Russia’s geopolitical and economic interests. For him, a higher profile on Korean issues has been an opportunity to show that Moscow can influence Pyongyang and play a meaningful role in great power diplomacy on the Korean peninsula. As a result of active diplomacy toward North Korea, the two former communist allies put a period to the deteriorating relations in the 1990s; after the September 11 terrorists attack and the launch of the war on terrorism Moscow’s influence over Pyongyang reached its peak. The beginning of the North Korean nuclear crisis in October 2002, however, relegated Moscow to a marginalized position in the Korean issue. This paper examines how Putin’s pragmatic diplomacy was put into effect in Russia’s foreign policy toward North Korea and how circumstances on the Korean peninsula have affected Russia–DPRK bilateral relations. An analysis of these factors shows why Russia’s role in the ongoing Six-Party process has become insignificant. At the present time, it is certainly plausible that Russia will not activate diplomatic efforts to solve the North Korean nuclear crisis and will be satisfied with merely securing a seat at the multilateral talks in Northeast Asia.
A Mathematical Model of Alveolar Gas Exchange in Partial Liquid Ventilation

In partial liquid ventilation (PLV), perfluorocarbon (PFC) acts as a diffusion barrier to gas transport in the alveolar space since the diffusivities of oxygen and carbon dioxide in this medium are four orders of magnitude lower than in air. Therefore convection in the PFC layer resulting from the oscillatory motions of the alveolar sac during ventilation can significantly affect gas transport. For example, a typical value of the Peclet number in air ventilation is Pe approximately 0.01, whereas in PLV it is Pe approximately 20. To study the importance of convection, a single terminal alveolar sac is modeled as an oscillating spherical shell with gas, PFC, tissue and capillary blood compartments. Differential equations describing mass conservation within each compartment are derived and solved to obtain time periodic partial pressures. Significant partial pressure gradients in the PFC layer and partial pressure differences between the capillary and gas compartments (P(C)-Pg) are found to exist. Because Pe>> 1, temporal phase differences are found to exist between P(C)-Pg and the ventilatory cycle that cannot be adequately described by existing non-convective models of gas exchange in PLV The mass transfer rate is nearly constant throughout the breath when Pe>>1, but when Pe<<1 nearly 100% of the transport occurs during inspiration. A range of respiratory rates (RR), including those relevant to high frequency oscillation (HFO) +PLV, tidal volumes (V(T)) and perfusion rates are studied to determine the effect of heterogeneous distributions of ventilation and perfusion on gas exchange. The largest changes in P(C)O2 and P(C)CO2 occur at normal and low perfusion rates respectively as RR and V(T) are varied. At a given ventilation rate, a low RR-high V(T) combination results in higher P(C)O2, lower P(C)CO2 and lower (P(C)-Pg) than a high RR-low V(T) one.
Quasi‐experimentation in a critical multiplist mode

Since it is usually the case that no defensible option for performing a task within quasi-experimentation is unbiased, it is desirable to select several options that reflect biases in different directions. This aim is to avoid constant biases and to overlook only those biases that can be considered least plausible.
Fully Monolithic Cellular Buck Converter Design for 3-D Power Delivery

A fully monolithic interleaved buck dc-dc point-of-load (PoL) converter has been designed and fabricated in a 0.18-mm SiGe BiCMOS process. Target application of the design is 3-D power delivery for future microprocessors, in which the PoL converter will be vertically integrated with the processor using wafer-level 3-D interconnect technologies. Advantages of 3-D power delivery over conventional discrete voltage regulator modules (VRMs) are discussed. The prototype design, using two interleaved buck converter cells each operating at 200 MHz switching frequency and delivering 500 mA output current, is discussed with a focus on the converter power stage and control loop to highlight the tradeoffs unique to such high-frequency, monolithic designs. Measured steady-state and dynamic responses of the fabricated prototype are presented to demonstrate the ability of such monolithic converters to meet the power delivery requirements of future processors.
Circadian type and bed-timing regularity in 654 retired seniors: correlations with subjective sleep measures.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Using telephone interview data from retired seniors to explore how inter-individual differences in circadian type (morningness) and bed-timing regularity might be related to subjective sleep quality and quantity. DESIGN MANCOVA with binary measures of morningness, stability of bedtimes, and stability of rise-times as independent variables; sleep measures as dependent variables; age, former shift work, and gender as covariates. SETTING Telephone interviews using a pseudo-random age-targeted sampling process. PARTICIPANTS 654 retired seniors (65 y+, 363M, 291F). INTERVENTION none. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS INDEPENDENT VARIABLES (1) circadian type (from Composite Scale of Morningness [CSM]), and stability of (2) bedtime and (3) rise-time from the Sleep Timing Questionnaire (STQ). DEPENDENT VARIABLES Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, time in bed, time spent asleep, and sleep efficiency, from Sleep Timing Questionnaire (STQ). Morning-type orientation, stability in bedtimes, and stability in rise-times were all associated with better sleep quality (P < 0.001, for all; effect sizes: 0.43, 0.33, and 0.27). Morningness was associated with shorter time in bed (P < 0.0001, effect size 0.45) and time spent asleep (P < 0.005, effect size 0.26). For bedtime and rise-time stability the direction of effect was similar but mostly weaker. CONCLUSIONS In retired seniors, a morning-type orientation and regularity in bedtimes and rise-times appear to be correlated with improved subjective sleep quality and with less time spent in bed.
Exploring tradeoffs between power and performance for a scientific visualization algorithm

Power is becoming a major design constraint in the world of high-performance computing (HPC). This constraint affects the hardware being considered for future architectures, the ways it will run software, and the design of the software itself. Within this context, we explore tradeoffs between power and performance. Visualization algorithms themselves merit special consideration, since they are more data-intensive in nature than traditional HPC programs like simulation codes. This data-intensive property enables different approaches for optimizing power usage. Our study focuses on the isosurfacing algorithm, and explores changes in power and performance as clock frequency changes, as power usage is highly dependent on clock frequency. We vary many of the factors seen in the HPC context — programming model (MPI vs. OpenMP), implementation (generalized vs. optimized), concurrency, architecture, and data set — and measure how these changes affect power-performance properties. The result is a study that informs the best approaches for optimizing energy usage for a representative visualization algorithm.
Property Taxes: Trends and Alternatives

The authors look at the role of the property tax as a source of revenue and ask whether it is better than the alternatives. Over several decades, property taxes declined as a source of revenue, but there has been a recent increase in reliance on property taxes.
Reflection phase characterization of wideband semi-periodic circular high impedance surface

A wideband semi-periodic circular high impedance surface for loop antenna applications is designed. The surface is illuminated with a plane wavw whose electric field is of phi component. A loop antenna is placed above the surface afterwards to find the operational bandwidth of the structure.
Abstract IA17: The Cdk4/E2F pathway drives centrosome amplification and chromosome instability in breast cancer cells

Chromosome instability (CIN) instigates various malignant phenotypes, including deregulated proliferation, apoptosis and invasion to initiate and sustain carcinogenesis. A major source of CIN in cancer is centrosome amplification (CA), defined as the acquisition of abnormal number of centrosomes (3 or more) that may result in defective mitosis, chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy. CA is present in pre-malignant breast lesions and high percentages of CA correlate with metastasis to the lymph nodes. CA may facilitate breast tumorigenesis, albeit this hypothesis has to be tested. Our laboratory found that CA and binucleation, intermediates to tetraploidy, are more likely to occur in Her2+ER-PR- (Her2+) breast cancers, while triple-negative (TN or Her2-ER-PR-) display other forms of CIN, such as micronuclei, defined as missegregated whole or fragmented chromosomes. The Her2 and TN subtypes differ from good-prognosis breast cancers such as luminal in that they accumulate high frequencies of CIN. Even though all breast cancer patients respond similarly to radiation therapy, Her2+ and TN patients are more likely to recur. Our laboratory searches for sources of CA and CIN in breast tumors and found that CA and CIN are suppressed by silencing of Cdk4 and the E2F activators. We have shown that silencing of CDK4 radiosensitizes TN and Her2+ breast cancer cells by activating intrinsic apoptotic pathways. We propose that inhibiting the cell and centrosome machinery would represent future treatment modalities for breast cancer. Citation Format: Harold I. Saavedra. The Cdk4/E2F pathway drives centrosome amplification and chromosome instability in breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA17.
MPAthic: quantitative modeling of sequence-function relationships for massively parallel assays

Massively parallel assays (MPAs) are being rapidly adopted for studying a wide range of DNA, RNA, and protein sequence-function relationships. However, the software available for quantitatively modeling these relationships is severely limited. Here we describe MPAthic, a software package that enables the rapid inference of such models from a variety of MPA datasets. Using both simulated and previously published data, we show that the modeling capabilities of MPAthic greatly improve on those of existing software. In particular, only MPAthic can accurately quantify the strength of epistatic interactions. These capabilities address a major need in the analysis of MPA data.