cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stereotype Threat and Women’s Science Motivation Examining the Disidentification Effect

Threatening stereotypes have been theorized as having negative consequences for domain identification among members of the stigmatized groups. The present research tested this disidentification hypothesis among college women (N = 650) in academic majors that should be vulnerable (i.e., science and engineering) and immune (e.g., humanities and education) to these theorized effects. Results of structural equation modeling analyses were consistent with theoretical expectations, as stereotype threat was negatively and indirectly associated with the adoption of self- and task-approach achievement goals through its relationship with science identity for science and engineering majors but not women in nonstereotyped majors. For the latter group, stereotype threat bypassed science identity and was instead both directly and indirectly related to approach motivation. Implications for academic/career motivation, science identity, and career counseling intervention are discussed.
Myocardial preservation: A comparison of local hypothermia with and without cold cardioplegia

A prospective series of 100 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass was divided into two groups for analysis of myocardial preservation by topical hypothermia with and without cold cardioplegia. The aorta was irrigated with a single bolus (750 cc) of cold cardioplegic solution in the study group. In addition, local hypothermia was achieved with cold topical saline. Local hypothermia alone was employed in the control group. Core cooling to 28° C was utilized for both groups. Fifty-two patients returned for late follow-up evaluation including biplane left ventriculography and coronary arteriography. Five had perioperative myocardial infarction and were eliminated from the study. Comparison of postoperative with preoperative ejection fraction (EF) in the remaining 47 showed no significant change in the study group. There was some decrease of the EF in the control group but the change was not highly significant (p = 0.083). Comparison of the change of the EF between the two groups was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the pre- and postoperative levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) or creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), and electrocardiograms failed to demonstrate superiority of either preservation technique. The serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes were significantly lower in the study group on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3 (p = 0.01). Failure to demonstrate a definite advantage for use of cold cardioplegia may have derived from the method of application, which consisted of a single bolus of solution. We believe that assessment of any method of cardioplegia should include an objective index of myocardial performance such as EF measured by identical techniques before and after operation.
Calculation of Static and Thermal Displacements in Metallic Alloys

Molecular Dynamics calculations of atomic displacements were performed to study size effects in binary metallic alloys. The copper-gold alloy was chosen as the system of interest due to a large size mismatch and the existence of well developed embedded-atom potentials. Static displacements are shown to depend significantly on temperature while thermal displacement are shown to be equal for both components of alloy, which was an unjustified assumption made by X-ray diffraction experimentalists
Early Evidence of Low Bone Density and Decreased Serotonergic Synthesis in the Dorsal Raphe of a Tauopathy Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Abstract Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and its clinical sequelae, osteoporosis, occur at a much greater rate the rate in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), often emerging early in the disease before significant cognitive decline is seen. Reduced BMD translates to increased bone fracture risk, decreased quality of life, and increased mortality for AD patients. However, the mechanism responsible for this observation is unclear. We hypothesize that bone loss is an additional component of an AD prodrome, changes that emerge prior to dementia and are mediated by dysfunction of the central serotonergic pathways. We characterized the skeletal phenotype of htau mice that express human forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau that become pathologically hyperphosphorylated in AD. Using radiographic densitometry, we measured BMD in female and male htau mice from 2-6 months of age-time-points prior to the presence of significant tauopathy in the hippocampal/entorhinal regions characteristic of this model. We found a significantly reduced BMD phenotype in htau mice that was most pronounced in males. Using western blotting and immunofluorescence, we showed overall reduced tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) protein in htau brainstem and a 70% reduction in TPH-positive cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN)-a pivotal structure in the regulation of the adult skeleton. Elevations of hyperphosphorylated tau (ptau) proteins were also measured in brainstem, and co-labeled immunofluorescence studies showed presence of ptau in TPH-positive cells of the DRN as early as 4 months of age in htau mice. Together, these findings demonstrate that reduced BMD occurs earlier than overt degeneration in a tau-based AD model and that pathological changes in the tau phosphorylation occur in the serotonin-producing neurons of the brainstem raphe in these mice. This illuminates a need to define a mechanistic relationship between bone loss and serotonergic deficits in early AD.
Uranyl Peroxide Cage Cluster Solubility in Water and the Role of the Electrical Double Layer

Uranium concentrations as high as 2.94 × 105 parts per million (1.82 mol of U/1 kg of H2O) occur in water containing nanoscale uranyl cage clusters. The anionic cage clusters, with diameters of 1.5–2.5 nm, are charge-balanced by encapsulated cations, as well as cations within their electrical double layer in solution. The concentration of uranium in these systems is impacted by the countercations (K, Li, Na), and molecular dynamics simulations have predicted their distributions in selected cases. Formation of uranyl cages prevents hydrolysis reactions that would result in formation of insoluble uranyl solids under alkaline conditions, and these spherical clusters reach concentrations that require close packing in solution.
Review of the chemical control research on Halyomorpha halys in the USA

The invasive brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) has become a serious economic pest in parts of the USA, and control tactics are often needed in order to avoid crop losses in tree fruit and other crops. Chemical control is usually the most effective and efficient tactic for preventing damage in crops. Researchers have tested a wide range of insecticides using laboratory and field experiments to determine the best options for H. halys control in the USA. This review summarizes that work and describes current practices with regard to insecticide options for H. halys.
Cognitive Bias in the Legal System: Police Officers Evaluate Ambiguous Evidence in a Belief-Consistent Manner

Students’ and forensic examiners’ beliefs in a suspect's guilt can bias their evaluations of subsequent evidence. The current study examines whether experienced police officers also exhibit similar effects. Police officers (n = 89) and undergraduate students (n = 227) read a fictional criminal case and received incriminating, exonerating, or neutral initial evidence concerning a suspect before providing their initial beliefs in that suspect's guilt. Participants then evaluated the incriminating/exonerating value of four pieces of ambiguous evidence (an alibi, a facial composite, a handwriting sample, informant testimony), and subsequently provided their final beliefs in the suspect's guilt. Structural equation modeling indicated that (a) police officers’ initial beliefs of guilt significantly predicted their evaluations of three types of ambiguous evidence, (b) these biased evaluations significantly predicted the officers’ final beliefs of guilt, demonstrating a bias snowball effect, and (c) the pattern of effects were the same for police officers as for students.
The Changing Terrain of Rural Contention in Brazil: Institutionalization and Identity Development in the Landless Movement's Educational Project

Studies of the Brazilian Landless Movement, particularly the MST (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, Landless Rural Workers' Movement), note two periods of collective action: the time when tactics such as land occupations are deployed to acquire land (luta pela terra) and subsequent mobilizations to develop territory (luta na terra). The latter period, which includes fostering educational opportunities and coordinating economic production, features prolonged interaction with government authorities. Instead of demobilizing during institutionalization, this study argues, postoccupation practices are as contentious as seizing territory. This is apparent in the movement's efforts to influence public policies that lead to the creation of schools where a contentious, movement-centered identity develops. Documenting the movement's efforts in education provides a way to understand how the current moment in rural contention in Brazil—called by some the time to acumular forcas (accumulate forces)—remains collective and political instead of indicating movement decline.
Erratum to “Conservative integrators for a toy model of weak turbulence” [J. Comput. Appl. Math. 325 (2017) 113–124]

Abstract This is an erratum regarding the references for the article Conservative Integrators for a Toy Model of Weak Turbulence, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 325, 113–124, 2017.
UV-B radiation dose requirement for suppressing intumescence injury on tomato plants

Abstract Intumescence injury is a physiological disorder characterized by watery tumors on a leaf surface associated with abnormal cell enlarge ment and cell division. This problematic intumescence injury has been observed on susceptible cultivars of tomato when grown under an ultraviolet radiation (UV) deficient light environment. In this study, different doses of UV-B radiation were applied after each photoperiod for ‘Beaufort’ interspecific tomato rootstock seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum × S. habrochaites) grown under light emitting diodes (10% blue and 90% red photon flux). The percent number of leaves exhibiting intumescences on leaves decreased linearly with increasing UV-B dose (measured in a 300–320 nm range) in the range examined (0–6.7 mmol m−2 d−1 or 0–2.6 kJ m−2 d−1 achieved by 0.31 μmol m−2 s−1 or 0.12 W m−2 UV-B photon flux for 0–6 h). The severity of intumescence injury was also linearly decreased by increasing UV-B dose. The intumescence incidence as well as severity was the highest in the non-treated control (66.0% leaves showing injury and 2.5–3.8 severity score out of 5) and the lowest (36.1% leaves showing injury and 0.6–1.6 severity score) at the highest dose of 6.7 mmol m−2 d−1 UV-B. The shoot dry weight of seedlings increased by 119% under the highest UV-B dose compared with that of non-treated control. T5-type white fluorescent lamps used for comparison emitted a moderate dose of UV-B (4.3 mmol m−2 d−1 at 0.07 μmol m−2 s−1 for 18 h d−1) and induced a moderate level of intumescent injury. Linear regression suggests that the UV-B dose eliminating intumescence was likely at around 12.3–14.0 mmol m−2 d−1 (4.7–5.3 kJ m−2 d−1), less than a UV-B dose received outdoors on a typical clear summer day. This level of UV-B is achievable under T12-type fluorescent lamps which emit more UV-B and explains why we typically do not see intumescence under T12 fluorescent lighting. The results obtained in this study will help to avoid intumescence in tomato plants grown under controlled environments.
Early biliary drainage is associated with favourable outcomes in critically-ill patients with acute cholangitis

Introduction Acute cholangitis (AC) is a clinical condition that requires prompt medical management with IV fluids, antibiotics, and biliary drainage (BD). The optimal timing for BD remains unclear. Aim To investigate the effect of biliary drainage timing on clinical outcomes in AC. Material and methods We conducted a retrospective study of patients with AC admitted to the ICU using the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. Emergency department to BD time, hospital death, length of stay (LOS), and severity scores were extracted from the database. We investigated the effect of BD timing on mortality rates, persistent organ failure, and LOS. Results A total of 177 patients were included; 50% were males; median age was 75 years, in-hospital mortality was 9.6%, mean time-to-ERCP was 32 h (range: 0.42-229.6) with 76% meeting the Tokyo Guidelines (TG13) criteria for severe cholangitis, and median Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) was 42 (IQR: 33-51). Using 24 h as a cut-off, patients who underwent BD ≤ 24 h had less persistent organ failure (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26-0.96, p = 0.040), shorter ICU LOS (3.25 vs. 4.95 days, p = 0.040), shorter hospital LOS (7.71 vs. 13.57 days, p = 0.001), but no difference in either in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.17-1.29, p = 0.146) or 28-day mortality (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.24-1.53, p = 0.297). Conclusions In critically-ill patients with acute cholangitis, early biliary drainage ≤ 24 h is associated with less persistent organ failure and shorter length of stay but had no effect on patient survival.
Liver abnormalities in patients with Gaucher's disease

Abstract Clinical and liver histopathological observations are described in 25 patients with Gaucher's disease. Although 24 patients had hepatomegaly, and the majority had abnormalities of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and BSP clearance, only 3 had evidence of portal hypertension and complications of advanced liver disease. Liver biopsies showed scattered foci of Gaucher cells in 5 patients and prominent centrilobular accumulation of Gaucher cells in 14 patients. Three patients had cirrhosis, which was associated with extensive replacement of the liver by storage cells. The severity of liver abnormalities correlated with the occurrence of other severe complications of Gaucher's disease. The wide spectrum of liver abnormalities in Gaucher's disease should be considered in evaluating trials of therapeutic enzyme replacement.
Micro-Nano Coupling in Biological Systems

Many important issues in biological systems involve coupling of many processes with disparate spatial and temporal scales. A good illustration is the adhesion of leukocytes to substrates. It entails dimensions ranging from nm to cm lengths, and time scales spanning from about 10−2 s to 10 s. For normal function, cells in higher organisms must be able to attach to and detach from other cells. They use receptor-ligand interaction to facilitate attachment and detachment. The contact mechanism is biologically and medically important because cells cannot migrate through tissue if they cannot first adhere to the endothelium. For example, leukocytes are recruited at sites of inflammation or infection by a sequential process, which involves an initial rolling contact with the vessel wall, followed by firm adhesion and transmigration. Similar adhesion mechanisms control the spread of cancerous cells. Tumor cells first detach from primary sites, circulate and adhere to vessels walls in distant host organs, and then invade the surrounding tissues. In this chapter, we address the issues encountered in the simulation of multi-scale problems and focus on a technique developed by our group for solving such problems. In addition, we provide a review of microfluidic systems for biological applications with an emphasis on the rapid fabrication of micro channels and substrates for studying cell adhesion and migration
Selecting keyword search terms in computer forensics examinations using domain analysis and modeling

The motivation for computer forensics research includes the increase in crimes that involve the use of computers, the increasing capacity of digital storage media, a shortage of trained computer forensics technicians, and a lack of computer forensics standard practices. The hypothesis of this dissertation is that domain modeling of the computer forensics case environment can serve as a methodology for selecting keyword search terms and planning forensics examinations. This methodology can increase the quality of forensics examinations without significantly increasing the combined effort of planning and executing keyword searches. The contributions of this dissertation include: (1) A computer forensics examination planning method that utilizes the analytical strengths and knowledge sharing abilities of domain modeling in artificial intelligence and software engineering, (2) A computer forensics examination planning method that provides investigators and analysts with a tool for deriving keyword search terms from a case domain model, and (3) The design and execution of experiments that illustrate the utility of the case domain modeling method. Three experiment trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of case domain modeling, and each experiment trial used a distinct computer forensics case scenario: an identity theft case, a burglary and money laundering case, and a threatening email case. Analysis of the experiments supports the hypothesis that case domain modeling results in more evidence found during an examination with more effective keyword searching. Additionally, experimental data indicates that case domain modeling is most useful when the evidence disk has a relatively high occurrence of text-based documents and when vivid case background details are available. A pilot study and a case study were also performed to evaluate the utility of case domain modeling for typical law enforcement investigators. In these studies the subjects used case domain models in a computer forensics service solicitation activity. The results of these studies indicate that typical law enforcement officers have a moderate comprehension of the case domain modeling method and that they recognize a moderate amount of utility in the method. Case study subjects also indicated that the method would be more useful if supported by a semi-automated tool.
Assessing Duty to Warn in Donated Embryos

The standards by which a health care provider (HCP) is seen to have a duty to warn other individuals who may be placed at risk by a patient’s pathology were initially established by Tarasoff v. Reg...
Far Lateral Craniotomy for Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery-Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Bypass and Trapping of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm: 3-Dimensional Operative Video.

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms account for 3% to 4% of all intracranial aneurysms with an unusually high predilection towards a nonsaccular morphology making microsurgical clipping or endovascular reconstruction of the parent artery difficult. The management of these complicated aneurysms may require revascularization procedures for flow preservation with aneurysm trapping. Recently, there is an increasing inclination towards intracranial-intracranial (IC-IC) bypasses over traditional extracranial donors. This video demonstrates a side-to-side PICA-PICA in situ bypass with trapping of an unruptured incidental right p1-PICA aneurysm. Radiological lesion progression and presence of dysplastic morphological characteristics prompted surgical management. The aneurysm was not amenable to clip reconstruction due to the dysplastic PICA segment and lack of a discernable neck. Institutional Review Board approval and patient consent were sought. With patient in three-quarter-prone position, a right far lateral craniotomy was performed. A left-to-right p3-p3 PICA bypass was completed. The aneurysm was clipped along with proximal PICA at its takeoff from vertebral artery. Indocyanine green videoangiography revealed complete occlusion of aneurysm and proximal PICA and a patent anastomosis with distal right PICA flow. Postoperatively, patient recovered with no new neurological deficits. Dolichoectatic posterior circulation aneurysms are not readily amenable to clip reconstruction. PICA-PICA in situ bypass is an elegant alternative to existing extracranial-intracranial revascularization constructs (occipital artery to PICA).1 There is lower neurological morbidity associated with IC-IC bypass vs PICA reimplantation due to the deep surgical corridor and its proximity to lower cranial nerves. Additionally, in this patient endovascular occlusion posed a higher risk of thrombotic complications and postprocedural cerebellar edema with brainstem compression.2.
Linking Thermal History to Mechanical Behavior in Directed Energy Deposited Materials

Additive manufacturing is a promising process that has the capability for process optimization and materials development of novel, multi-material and functional components of complex geometries due to the rapid and localized directional solidification of molten metallic alloys. Directed energy deposition, an additive manufacturing process that uses a high powered laser to melt blown metallic powder, introduces large gradients and sensitivity in thermal histories within a built component that lead to unique phase transformations, microstructures, residual stress and anisotropic mechanical behavior. Control of the overall mechanical behavior of DED-built components relies on control of thermal history at localized areas. Research at Northwestern University, in collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory, uses in-situ monitoring techniques such as infrared (IR) cameras, an IR two-wave pyrometer to monitor the melt pool, and a high-powered synchrotron to capture the phase change during build. Relationships between temperature, solidification rate and thermal gradient are made with the resulting microstructural characteristic and mechanical behavior at localized areas of each build. Linking thermal history to mechanical behavior of additively-built parts will lead to increased thermal control for optimal properties and open the door to alloy development.
Nonlinear Random Vibrations of Compliant Offshore Platforms

A procedure is presented for nonlinear random vibration analysis of deepwater guyed tower platforms subject to wave loading. The nonlinear stiffness provided by the guylines is approximated by an analytical function and wave load is expressed as an output of white noise passing through a linear filter. The differential equation of motion is expressed in terms of a set of first order stochastic equations. Using Ito’s rule of stochastic differentials and averaging operations, a system of ordinary differential equations involving moments of the load and the response are obtained. The equations are solved in the time domain by a numerical method and hierarchy closure is obtained by Gaussian and non-Gaussian closure techniques. The response is modeled as a mixture distribution. It is shown that the response is non-Gaussian at higher sea states.
Differences Between Groups of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Using Couples in HIV-Negative/Unknown Relationships.

Background Epidemiology research is limited on the characteristics of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using couples. Setting US nationwide sample recruited online in 2017. Methods HIV negative/unknown gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men with HIV negative/unknown partners (n = 3140) were asked about individual and main partner PrEP uptake. Men were coded into the following 5 groups: (1) neither participant nor partner on PrEP, (2) partner only on PrEP, (3) participant only on PrEP, (4) both on PrEP, and (5) unknown partner PrEP use. We examined associations of demographics, relationship factors, condomless anal sex (CAS) with main and causal partners, bacterial sexually transmitted infection diagnoses, and sexual positioning with reported dyadic PrEP use using fully adjusted multinomial logistic regressions. Results PrEP use was 3.2% for the partner only, 5.7% for the participant only, and 4.9% for both the participant and partner; 5.6% reported not knowing their partner's PrEP use status. Men who reported any CAS with their main partner or any CAS with male casual partners were both more likely to be classified in the dyadic PrEP use group compared with the neither on PrEP group. Compared with monogamous, men in open arrangements were more likely to be classified in each of the 3 PrEP groups compared with the neither on PrEP group. Six-month bacterial sexually transmitted infection prevalence was 2.8%, 8.1%, 8.3%, 15.6%, and 4.0% for the 5 groups, respectively. Conclusions PrEP use occurred during times of higher risk behavior engagement, but further efforts are needed to expand PrEP use to more partnered gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.
Defining Meaningful Functional Improvement on the Visual Analog Scale for Satisfaction at 2 Years After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Purpose To (1) define Substantial Clinical Benefit (SCB), Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State (PASS), and Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) for the visual analog scale (VAS) Satisfaction in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS), and (2) identify preoperative predictors of achieving each outcome end-point. Methods Data from consecutive patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy between November 2014 and January 2017 were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients with clinical and radiographic diagnosis of FAIS, who failed nonoperative treatment, underwent primary hip arthroscopy to address the FAIS, and had at minimum 2-year follow-up. Baseline data and postoperative patient-reported outcome scores were recorded at 2 years postoperatively. To quantify clinical significance of outcome achievement on the VAS)Satisfaction, we calculated MCID, PASS, and SCB for this outcome measure. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify preoperative predictors of achieving SCB, PASS, and MCID satisfaction. Results A total of 335 patients were included in the final analysis, with an average age and body mass index (BMI) of 32.8 (standard deviation ± 12.4) years and 25.2 (standard deviation ± 5.3), respectively, and the majority being female (69.3%). The values on the VAS satisfaction were identified to represent MCID, PASS, and SCB, respectively: 52.8, 80.9, and 89.7. The rates of achieving clinically significant improvement on the VAS Satisfaction was 85.6%, 68.1%, and 56.9% for MCID, PASS, and SCB, respectively. A larger preoperative alpha angle was predictive for achieving SCB (odds ratio [OR], 1.076; P = .046), whereas lower BMI (OR, 0.955; P = .047) and larger preoperative alpha angle (OR, 1.12; P = .025) were predictors for achieving PASS. Conclusions This study identified threshold VAS satisfaction scores of 52.8, 80.9, and 89.7 for achieving MCID, SCB, and PASS, respectively, at 2-year follow-up following hip arthroscopy for FAIS. Furthermore, preoperative variables including larger preoperative alpha angles and lower BMI are predictors of achieving superior clinical satisfaction. Level of Evidence Level IV, Case Series.
The Natural History and Treatment Outcome of De-Novo Chromosome 17p Deletion CLL: A Single Institution Experience with 48 Patients.

The adverse prognostic significance of chromosome17p deletion (del17p) was established in CLL patients (pts) with pretreated disease, and its significance in patients with previously untreated CLL (“de-novo del17p”) is not well defined. We identified 48 consecutive pts with de-novo del17p within a cohort of 708 previously untreated pts tested by FISH for common CLL aberrations and followed prospectively at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. Characteristics of de-novo 17p pts: median age 61 yrs; Rai 0 31%, I–II 44%, III–IV 25%; B2M≥2N 42%; unmutated IGVH 32/45. The proportion of del17p cells were ≥20% in 35 (73%) pts. Twenty-five (52%) pts had stable disease not requiring immediate therapy, and were observed prospectively; for these pts, the actuarial risk of requiring therapy was 41% at a median follow-up of 19 months. Pts in Rai stage 0 had a low risk of progression to therapy (9%) regardless of IGVH status, whereas the progression risk for Rai I–II pts depended on their IGVH status (figure). Thirty-two pts had commenced therapy, of which 25 were assessable for treatment response (table). Overall (OR) and complete clinical response (CCR) rates were 67% and 33% for rituximab-based therapy, and 84% and 50% for fludarabine & rituximab combinations. Bone marrow examination in 8 CCR pts confirmed that 7 were in flow cytometry negative CR, with normalization of cytogenetics and FISH in 6 of 6 tested. Time to progression for CCR pts was 79% at 18 months, with only 3 relapses to date: notably, 2 relapses were with Richter transformation (one of which was confirmed to be del17p negative), and the only indolent relapse was with a non-del17p clone. Survival for all pts (n=48) from FISH date was 85% at 18 months, and survival from start of therapy (n=32) was 86% at 18 months. Five deaths have occurred to date: two pts died of unrelated causes prior to requirement for CLL therapy, two pts in remission died of complications of therapy, and one pt died of obstructive jaundice related to an undiagnosed pancreatic mass. De-novo del17p does not necessarily imply a dismal prognosis in CLL: the disease course may be indolent especially in Rai 0 disease, and therapy with standard regimens can achieve durable clinical and cytogenetic remissions. All pts who commenced therapy in this study received rituximab, and our favorable survival compared to that reported by the German and United Kingdom trials of F vs FC (median survival 18 months or less) suggest that rituximab may be an important agent in the therapy of del17p CLL.
Cell Death Persists in Rapid Extrusion of Lysis-Resistant Coated Cardiac Myoblasts.

Abstract As the demand for organ transplants continues to grow faster than the supply of available donor organs, a new source of functional organs is needed. High resolution high throughput 3D bioprinting is one approach towards generating functional organs for transplantation. For high throughput printing, the need for increased print resolutions (by decreasing printing nozzle diameter) has a consequence: it increases the forces that cause cell damage during the printing process. Here, a novel cell encapsulation method provides mechanical protection from complete lysis of individual living cells during extrusion-based bioprinting. Cells coated in polymers possessing the mechanical properties finely-tuned to maintain size and shape following extrusion, and these encapsulated cells are protected from mechanical lysis. However, the shear forces imposed on the cells during extrusion still cause sufficient damage to compromise the cell membrane integrity and adversely impact normal cellular function. Cellular damage occurred during the extrusion process independent of the rapid depressurization.
Within-stand distribution of tree mortality caused by mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins

The mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a bark beetle that attacks and kills ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), among other pine species throughout the western conifer forests of the United States and Canada, particularly in dense stands comprising large trees. There is information on the stand conditions that the insect prefers. However, there is a paucity of information on how small-scale variation in stand conditions influences the distribution of tree mortality within a stand. I examined the small-scale distribution of ponderosa pine basal area pre- and post a mountain pine beetle infestation, and used geostatistical modeling to relate the spatial distribution of the host to subsequent MPB-caused tree mortality. Results indicated increased mortality in the denser parts of the stand. Previous land management has changed historically open low-elevation ponderosa pine stands with aggregated tree distribution into dense stands that are susceptible to mountain pine beetles and intense fires. Current restoration efforts are aimed at reducing tree density and leaving clumps of trees, which are more similar to historical conditions. The residual clumps, however, may be susceptible to mountain pine beetle populations. Land managers will want to be cognizant of how mountain pine beetles will respond to restoration treatments, so as to prevent and mitigate tree mortality that could negate restoration efforts.
Mapping QTLs for phytochemical compounds and fruit quality in peach

Genetic control and location of QTLs associated with phytochemical compounds and fruit quality in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were evaluated using an F2 mapping population (ZC2) derived from cross between ‘Zin Dai’ × ‘Crimson Lady’. Antioxidant capacity, accumulation of phenolic compounds (total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins), and fruit quality traits (fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruit firmness, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, and ripening index) were evaluated for 2 years (2013–2014). Fourteen QTLs for phytochemical and fruit quality traits were identified in 5 LGs, with two QTL clusters (qPC.ZC_5.1_2014 and qPC.ZC_7.1) observed on LGs 5 and 7. The QTL cluster qPC.ZC_5.1_2014 was associated with antioxidant capacity, flavonoids, anthocyanin content, and SSC, while qPC.ZC_7.1 exhibited association only with flavonoids and fruit ripening index. QTL clusters associated with different fruit quality traits were observed on LGs 1 and 6. Candidate gene analyses of the QTL cluster on LG5 (qPC.ZC_5.1_2014) revealed 14 candidate genes in peach with functional annotation related to biosynthesis pathway of phytochemical compounds.
Progress in the treatment of infantile cerebral palsy with traditional Chinese and western medicine

Cerebral palsy is due to the development of the fetus or infant brain damage caused by non progressive, and the performance of continuous movement and postural abnormalities, which is one of the most common causes of disability in children.So far there is no specific treatment for cerebral palsy, mainly rehabilitation, which divided into traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation therapy and modern western medicine rehabilitation therapy.This article reviews the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the treatment of cerebral palsy. Key words: Cerebral palsy; Traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine; Overview
Study on the Temperature Rise Characteristic of Vegetable Insulated Oil Transformer under Different Loads Conditions

In this paper, the heat conduction and heat dissipation mechanism of transformer are analyzed by finite element method based on thermodynamics and fluid mechanics theory to study the temperature rise characteristics of vegetable oil insulated transformer in practical operation. A two-dimensional simplified model of insulated transformer was established. The finite element method was used to solve the temperature field of the model under the load change, and the temperature field distribution of the vegetable insulated oil transformer in stable load was obtained. Compared with the mineral insulated oil transformer, it is found that when the load factor K is less than 1.5, the temperature rise characteristic of the mineral insulated oil transformer are better than that of the vegetable insulated oil transformer, and when the load factor K is not less than 1.5, the temperature rise characteristic of the vegetable insulated oil transformer are better than that of mineral insulated oil transformer. Moreover, the temperature field distribution of the vegetable oil insulated transformer was calculated based on the given dynamic load curve. Compared with the mineral insulated oil transformer, we can find that the temperature rise characteristics of the vegetable insulated oil transformer are better than that of the mineral insulated oil transformer when the load is low. However, when the load is high, the opposite is true.
Das Grandhotel Cosmopolis als transformativer Möglichkeitsraum. Einblicke in eine aktivistische Stadtforschung

Der Beitrag gibt Einblicke in einen andauernden, praxisbegleitenden Forschungsprozess eines sozialen Experiments. Aus einem Selbstverstandnis als aktivistische Forscherin untersucht die Autorin auf methodologischer Basis der Situationsanalyse nach Adele Clarke den kollektiven (raumbetonten) Sinnformungsprozess des Grandhotel Cosmopolis in Augsburg. Dabei fasst sie die Bedingungen, die das Projekt im Spannungsfeld zwischen Einhegung und Eroffnung zum transformativen Moglichkeitsraum machen. Das sensibilisierende Konzept des transformativen Moglichkeitsraumes entwickelt sie auf der Basis aktueller Ansatze aus der Diskussion um eine Demokratisierung von Stadtentwicklung, die insbesondere uber Argumente aus dem Postwachstumsdiskurs erganzt werden. Daruber wird das Konzept fur eine kritisch-feministische, transformative Stadtforschung anschlussfahig und uber den empirischen Bezug auf den untersuchten Raumformungsprozess verdichtet. Transformative Potenziale der alltaglichen Re-Produktion des Ortes durchziehen eine Geschichte des Grandhotel Cosmopolis’ voller Widerspruche und Deutungskampfe und eroffnen weiterreichende Fragen zu dessen Zukunftsfahigkeit und Bedeutung als sozialer Raum prafigurativer Politik. Die theoretisch-methodologische Vermittlung zwischen den Themen aktivistische Stadtgestaltung, Postwachstum und transformative Forschung mundet in einer Skizzierung der Untersuchungsergebnisse, die auch ohne wissenschaftliche Vorkenntnisse zuganglich sein soll.
Long term durability test and post mortem for metal-supported solid oxide electrolysis cells

Abstract Hydrogen is a renewable energy carrier, and electrolysis to split water is the most environmentally friendly method to produce hydrogen. This work reports long-term durability and degradation mode analysis for metal-supported solid oxide electrolysis cells (MS-SOECs). Catalyst screening showed that MS-SOECs with composite electrode catalysts (samarium-doped ceria-nickel [SDC-Ni] serving as a fuel electrode catalyst, and praseodymium oxide [PrOx]-SDC or La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 [LSCF]-SDC serving as an air electrode catalyst) exhibit the highest electrochemical performance at 700 °C. The degradation rate of cells with LSCF-SDC as the air electrode catalyst was as low as 1.3%/100 h in long term durability tests at a current density of 0.33 A cm−2, in contrast to rapid degradation observed for a cell with a PrOx-SDC air electrode. Post-mortem analysis reveals the degradation is dependent on the primary modes of fuel electrode catalyst coarsening and Cr poisoning on the air electrode catalyst, as well as secondary modes of oxidation of the metal support and local elemental accumulation of Ni. Other degradation modes reported in conventional anode-supported SOECs, such as Ni migration, foreign element contamination, delamination of the cell, and nano-voids on the electrolyte, are not observed in the present MS-SOECs.
Remote monitoring of head and neck free flaps using near infrared spectroscopic tissue oximetry.

Abstract Purpose Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measures tissue oximetry and perfusion of free tissue transfer with the advantage of remote wireless monitoring for free tissue transfer. It has been widely used in breast and extremity reconstruction but has had limited adoption in the head and neck. Materials and methods A retrospective review of head and neck microvascular reconstruction by three different surgical services over 15 months at one tertiary care hospital was performed. Demographics, flap type, monitoring technique, complications, and flap outcomes were recorded. Monitoring techniques were (1) implantable/handheld Doppler or (2) NIRS. Flap monitoring outcomes were evaluated using multivariate analysis. Results 119 flaps were performed by four surgeons with a success rate of 92% (109/119). Flaps were monitored with Doppler (40%) or NIRS (60%). There was no difference in flap success based on monitoring technique. An ROC analysis identified that the optimal cutoff in immediate StO2 for classifying flap success at discharge was 68%. Conclusions NIRS was successfully implemented in a high-volume head and neck reconstructive practice. NIRS remote monitoring allowed for flap surveillance without requiring in-hospital presence and was able to identify both arterial and venous compromise.
Bargaining Bankrupt: A Relational Theory of Contract in Bankruptcy

This Article studies the growing use of contract in bankruptcy. Sophisticated “distress” investors (for example, hedge funds and private equity funds) increasingly enter into contracts amongst themselves and corporate debtors during bankruptcy in order to evade “mandatory” rules on the priority of distributions, thus preferring themselves at the expense of other stakeholders (for example, employees of the corporate debtor). Bankruptcy courts that supervise these cases struggle with these priority-shifting contracts. They are asked to approve them, but have little theoretical or doctrinal guidance on how to assess them. This Article develops a “relational” framework to explore this shift toward contract in bankruptcy. Relationalism seeks to understand power dynamics, and preferences for formal and informal promissory mechanisms in private ordering. Distress investors, bankruptcy professionals (lawyers), and judges in large cases form a classic relationalist environment. They are a community of repeat players with their own norms and preferences for formal and informal promissory exchange. Their contracting practices can affect the hundreds (sometimes thousands) of stakeholders in a large corporate debtor. At the same time, there are growing calls to amend the Bankruptcy Code. Congress, however, has botched recent efforts to do so. Contract may be a better vehicle for institutional adjustment than Congress — if it is perceived as legitimate. A relationalist framework would help sort legitimate from illegitimate contracts in bankruptcy, thus improving our understanding of the system and its operation.
Long-term Outcomes of Aortic Valve Replacement With Aortic Homograft: 27 Years Experience

Abstract Background Aortic homografts have been used in young patients requiring aortic valve replacement. Currently, these grafts are generally reserved for aortic valve endocarditis with or without root abscess; however, longitudinal data are lacking. Our aim was to assess the long-term safety and durability of homograft implantation. Methods All adult patients undergoing aortic homograft implantation at a single institution from 1992 to 2019 were included. Outcomes of interest included all-cause mortality and aortic valve reoperation, studied over a median follow-up duration of 19 years. Results In all, 252 patients with a mean age of 49 years were included. Infective endocarditis was the primary indication for surgery in 95 patients (38%). The endocarditis group, compared with the no-endocarditis group, had a higher prevalence of New York Heart Association class III-IV (56% vs 26%), chronic kidney disease (22% vs 1%), prior cardiac surgery (40% vs 10%), and emergency status (7% vs 0%; all P Conclusions Aortic homografts are associated with good long-term survival and admissible freedom from reoperation. Operative mortality is high among patients with endocarditis; however, for those who survive to discharge, long-term survival and durability are the same as for patients without endocarditis.
From Wide Open Spaces to Tiny Robot Holes: Single-Center Comparison of Implant Techniques for Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) Implantation

Purpose Current studies are just beginning to reveal possible benefits of thoracotomy for LVAD implant but most have not included both durable device types or additional techniques such as robotic assistance. This review serves to evaluate our initial single-center experience with LVAD implant via thoracotomy (with both hemisternotomy and robotic assistance). Methods Primary sternotomy, reop sternotomy, thoracotomy with hemisternotomy, and robotic assisted thoracotomy implants of HeartWare and HeartMate 3 LVADs 2018-2020 were evaluated. Narcotic use, cost, outflow graft position, operative data, and mortality were compiled and t-test performed between primary sternotomy and other groups on selected data. Results All patients were alive or transplanted at 6 months post-implant. Compared to primary sternotomy, reop sternotomy and robot assisted thoracotomy had longer bypass times and robot assisted thoracotomy had less red blood cell and FFP use. Outflow graft position with robotic assist was consistently away from the sternum (Fig 1). Conclusion There were no significant differences between mortality and narcotic use between primary sternotomy, reop sternotomy, and thoracotomy LVAD implants. Despite the cost of robotic disposable equipment, overall cost was not significantly different. Lower blood product usage and more preferable outflow graft position with robotic assist may result in fewer antibodies and easier reentry for transplant. A multi-center data review should be undertaken to capitalize on gains as we continue to advance non-sternotomy approach.
Blind deconvolution when noise is symmetric: Existence and examples of solutions

The problem considered is that of identifying two finite dimensional probability distributions G and H from their convolution, F = G * H, when all that is known about them is that H is symmetric. This problem arises in looking for hidden structure in multivariate data, for example. It is shown that one can always find a solution in which G has no nondegenerate symmetric convolution factor. However the solution is not unique in general. Examples of such “completely asymmetric” distributions are given. Existence and examples rather than estimation are the focus of the paper.
The Effect of Varying Oral Dosages of Banthine, Probanthine and Prantal on the Galvanic Skin Response1

Recent experiments have demonstrated the effects on the Galvanic Skin Resistance (GSR) of certain drugs which either stimulate or suppress sweat gland activity (1, 2). In a study of sympathectomized subjects, evidence has been presented which substantiates the theory that the GSR phenomenon is related to sweat gland activity (3). Significant differences between placebo, atropine and pilocarpine have also been found regardless of the order of administration (4). In addition, repeated placebo injections have indicated that no significant adaptation occurred (4).
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis.

Summary 1.The previously described gastric telangiectases in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis are confirmed in these two cases. 2.An established case of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis with concomitant spina bifida occulta is presented. 3.The well established tendency for multiple constitutional defect is again demonstrated. 4.A therapeutic trial of rutin is being made in both cases, but it is appreciated that a prolonged period of observation will be necessary in order to offer a reliable conclusion.