cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphologic and immunoperoxidase study of neurologic lesions in naturally acquired rabies of raccoons.

Histopathologic (hematoxylin and eosin (HE)) and immunoperoxidase (streptavidin-biotin com- plex) methods were used for examination of formalin-fixed tissues of rabid raccoons from an enzootic area of Pennsylvania. Extensive morphologic lesions of rabies encephalitis were present in the cerebrum and the brain stem regions. Negri bodies were detected by both methods and were present in the brain (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, brain stem, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord) and in the ganglia of the trigeminal nerves. The viral inclusions were also seen in ganglion cells in the tongue, parotid salivary glands, pancreas, intestines, and adrenal glands. These sites were not associated with any inflammatory cellular infiltrate. The immunoperoxidase method was superior to HE for the detection of Negri bodies. Because lesions of rabies encephalitis were consistently observed in the cerebrum, brain stem, and cervical spinal cord regions, these areas of the brain should be included when raccoons are examined by the fluorescent antibody test for rabies.
CRAMM: virtual memory support for garbage-collected applications

Existing virtual memory systems usually work well with applications written in C and C++, but they do not provide adequate support for garbage-collected applications. The performance of garbage-collected applications is sensitive to heap size. Larger heaps reduce the frequency of garbage collections, making them run several times faster. However, if the heap is too large to fit in the available RAM, garbage collection can trigger thrashing. Existing Java virtual machines attempt to adapt their application heap sizes to fit in RAM, but suffer performance degradations of up to 94% when subjected to bursts of memory pressure.We present CRAMM (Cooperative Robust Automatic Memory Management), a system that solves these problems. CRAMM consists of two parts: (1) a new virtual memory system that collects detailed reference information for (2) an analytical model tailored to the underlying garbage collection algorithm. The CRAMM virtual memory system tracks recent reference behavior with low overhead. The CRAMM heap sizing model uses this information to compute a heap size that maximizes throughput while minimizing paging. We present extensive empirical results demonstrating CRAMM's ability to maintain high performance in the face of changing application and system load.
Trajectory synthesis for stable tuning of non-collocated systems using the progressive learning theory

A novel approach to the design of trajectories for automatic tuning of non-collocated sensor/actuator systems is presented. This approach uses the progressive learning theory, a method for tuning many control parameters in a particular sequence so that all the parameters can be tuned stably and effectively. Using this progressive learning method a sequence of training trajectories can be designed, which not only satisfy geometric constraints for performing a task but also take into account the dynamics of the machine to better perform the task. This approach is implemented on a single degree-of-freedom high speed linear slider, and experimental results and discussions are presented at the end.
Haptic collision avoidance for a remotely operated quadrotor UAV in indoor environments

Quadrotors are well-suited for indoor flight because of their ability to hover and maneuver in confined spaces. However, remote operation of these vehicles is challenging because of the loss sensory perception. This paper presents methods for using force feedback exerted by the command input device on the hand of the pilot to assist in avoiding collisions while navigating in a 3D indoor environment. Three algorithms for calculating the feedback forces are presented and tested in simulation-based user studies. The force feedback and control system is demonstrated by piloting a physical quadrotor in an indoor environment.
Twist Based Acquisition and Tracking of Animal and Human Kinematics

This paper demonstrates a new visual motion estimation technique that is able to recover high degree-of-freedom articulated human body configurations in complex video sequences. We introduce the use and integration of a mathematical technique, the product of exponential maps and twist motions, into a differential motion estimation. This results in solving simple linear systems, and enables us to recover robustly the kinematic degrees-of-freedom in noise and complex self occluded configurations. A new factorization technique lets us also recover the kinematic chain model itself. We are able to track several human walk cycles, several wallaby hop cycles, and two walk cycels of the famous movements of Eadweard Muybridge's motion studies from the last century. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first computer vision based system that is able to process such challenging footage.
Temperatures and meridional winds in the vicinity of the SAR-arc as observed from Albany, New York

Abstract Photometric and interferometric data obtained from a field station near Albany (42.68°N, 73.82°W), New York during two SAR-arc events of 6 March 1981 (U.T.) and 9 May 1981 (U.T.) are presented and the thermospheric response to the SAR-arc is discussed here. The maximum intensities of the arcs were 2.2 and 0.7 kR, respectively. While no visible aurora was sighted from Albany during the March event, a very intense aurora was observed in the northern sky during the less intense SAR-arc event in May. The neutral gas temperatures within the SAR-arc were quite stable when the arc was intense (2.2 kR) and there were large temperature gradients on either side of the arc. The meridional wind pattern was such that the winds were blowing away from the main heating region of the arc. More specifically, the winds to the South of the arc were equatorward and the winds to the North of the arc were poleward. However, when the intensity of the arc started decreasing and the arc moved farther out to the South on 6 March 1981, the poleward winds diminished in speed and became equatorward after midnight under the influence of general circulation. During the less intense arc of 9 May 1981, the temperature gradient to the North of the arc was considerably greater than that in the southern side and, in spite of the presence of a visible aurora far out to the North, the winds to the North of the arc were always poleward. In general, the thermospheric meridional wind pattern strongly responded to the maximum heating effects within the SAR-arc.
Geometric reasoning for recognition of three-dimensional object features

A method for extracting manufacturing shape features from the boundary representation of a polyhedral object is presented. In this approach, the depressions of the part are represented as cavity graphs, which are in turn used as a basis for hypothesis generation-elimination. The proposed cavity graphs are an extended representation in which the links reflect the concavity of the intersection between two faces, and the node labels reflect the relative orientation of the faces comprising the depression. Because previous methods have limited success in handling interactions, emphasis is put on automatic analysis of depressions which are formed by the interactions of primitive features. It is shown that although there is a unique subgraph for each primitive feature, every cavity graph does not correspond to a unique set of primitive features. Consequently, since the cavity graph of a depression may not be the union of the representations for the involved primitives, the concept of virtual links for the formal analysis of the depressions based on cavity graphs is introduced. Finally, a suitable method for automatic determination of the virtual links is presented. This method is based on combining topologic and geometric evidences, and uses a combination of Dempster-Shafer decision theory and clustering techniques to reach its conclusions. Experimental results are presented for a number of examples. >
An accurate model for the Raman response function in silica fibers

The commonly used Lorentzian Raman response function does not properly account for the shoulder in the Raman gain spectrum originating from the Boson peak. We propose an accurate model for the Raman response in silica fibers.
RELATION OF LOCUS OF CONTROL TO ASPIRATION LEVEL AND TO COMPETITIVE ANXIETY

Summary.-To determine the relationship between lms of control and competitive anxiety, and locus of control and level of aspiration 36 undergraduates were tested. Each was given Levenson's Locus of Control, Marten's Adult Sport Competition Anxiety Test, and an aspiration test involving tossing at a target. Pearson product-moment correlation indicated internal locus of control was not related to aspiration level, but aspiration level was negatively related to the "powerful others" locus of control. Internal locus of control was negatively related to competitive anxiety and to the external scales. The "powerful others" and "chance" scales were positively related. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which locus of control was related to level of aspiration and to competitive anxiety. The role of locus of control has been examined in many studies over nearly two decades. Rotter (1966) has defined locus of control as a generalized expectancy. Those persons who believe that the rewards of life are dependent upon their own behavior are said to have an "internal" expectancy while those who believe that the regulation of rewards and punishments is due to chance or "powerful others" and therefore outside their control ate termed "external." Lefcourt (1976) concluded, after reviewing many studies, that locus of control is a stable attribute of the personality and that internal persons are more inquisitive and more likely to be processors of information than are persons with an external orientation. Furthermore, he reported that persons with an external orientation are less likely to persist at a task since they do not feel their exertion is likely to affect results. They believe that outside determiners are at work. Comparing the reactions of students in an ego-related task, Shavit and Rabinowitz (1978) found that those with an internal orientation were able to cope with failure better than those with an external orientation. Yukl and Latham (1978) reported that subjects with an internal control orientation tended to set higher goals. Other studies suggest that internal individuals seem to prefer activities in which skill is predominant, while external individuals prefer situations in which chance or luck determines the outcome. The former also seem to try harder than the latter when they feel they are responsible for their performance in a skill-oriented task (Phares, 1976). According to Frank (1941), level of aspiration "represents the level of future performance in a familiar task which an individual explicitly undertakes to reach." Level of aspiration has been shown to be an important factor in determining future achievement. The more the ego is involved and the more the task is valued, the greater the effect
Role of the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 in angiotensin II‐induced hypertension in NHE3‐deficient mice with transgenic rescue of NHE3 in small intestines

The role of Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) in the kidney in angiotensin II (ANG II)‐induced hypertension remains unknown. The present study used global NHE3‐deficient mice with transgenic rescue of the Nhe3 gene in small intestines (tg Nhe3 −/− ) to test the hypothesis that genetic deletion of NHE3 selectively in the kidney attenuates ANG II‐induced hypertension. Six groups of wild‐type (tg Nhe3 +/+ ) and tg Nhe3 −/− mice were infused with either vehicle or ANG II (1.5 mg/kg/day, i.p., 2 weeks, or 10 nmol/min, i.v., 30 min), treated with or without losartan (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 2 weeks. Basal systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean intra‐arterial blood pressure (MAP) were significantly lower in tg Nhe3 −/− mice ( P < 0.01). Basal glomerular filtration rate, 24 h urine excretion, urinary Na+ excretion, urinary K+ excretion, and urinary Cl− excretion were significantly lower in tg Nhe3 −/− mice ( P < 0.01). These responses were associated with significantly elevated plasma ANG II and aldosterone levels, and marked upregulation in aquaporin 1, the Na+/HCO3 cotransporter, the α 1 subunit isoform of Na+/K+‐ATPase, protein kinase C α , MAP kinases ERK1/2, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 α / β in the renal cortex of tg Nhe3 −/− mice ( P < 0.01). ANG II infusion markedly increased SBP and MAP and renal cortical transporter and signaling proteins in tg Nhe3 +/+ , as expected, but all of these responses to ANG II were attenuated in tg Nhe3 −/− mice ( P < 0.01). These results suggest that NHE3 in the kidney is necessary for maintaining normal blood pressure and fully developing ANG II‐dependent hypertension.
Conflict and Stress in Hospital Nursing: Improving Communicative Responses to Enduring Professional Challenges

Nurses function as central figures of health teams, coordinating direct care and communication between team members, patients, and their families. The importance of nurses to health care cannot be understated, but neither can the environmental struggles nurses routinely encounter in their jobs. Organizational communication and nursing scholarship show conflict and stress as two visible and ongoing challenges. This case study aims to (a) explore the ways conflict communication and communicative stress are experienced and endure in nursing and (b) understand how nurses discursively (mis)manage conflict and stress. Open-ended survey comments from nurses (N = 135) employed at a large teaching and research hospital were qualitatively analyzed. Weick's model of organizing, specifically his notion of communication cycles, emerged as a conceptual lens helpful for understanding cyclical conflict and stress. Results show that exclusionary communication, specifically nonparticipatory and unsupportive messages, contribute to nurse conflict and stress. Nurses tend to (mis)manage conflict and stress using respectful and disrespectful discourse. These communication patterns can facilitate or prohibit positive change. Metaphorically, nurse communicative conflict and stress can be depicted as fire. Relationships can go up in flames due to out-of-control fires in the form of destructive conflict. However, conflict and stress, like fire, can be harnessed for positive ends such as organizational decision making and innovation. Findings suggest conveying respect may help nurses manage and even avoid flames of conflict and stress. Solutions are offered to mitigate the effects of conflict and stress while developing respectful organizational cultures.
Crime Data Mining

Solving crimes is a complex task and requires a lot of experience. Data mining can be used to model crime detection problems. The idea here is to try to capture years of human experience into computer models via data mining. Crimes are a social nuisance and cost our society dearly in several ways. Any research that can help in solving crimes faster will pay for itself. According to Los Angeles Police Department, about 10% of the criminals commit about 50% of the crimes. Here we look at use of clustering algorithm for a data mining approach to help detect the crimes patterns and speed up the process of solving crime. We will look at k-means clustering with some enhancements to aid in the process of identification of crime patterns. We applied these techniques to real crime data from a sheriff’s office and validated our results. We also used semi-supervised learning technique here for knowledge discovery from the crime records and to help increase the predictive accuracy. Our major contribution is the development of a weighting scheme for attributes, to deal with limitations of various out of the box clustering tools and techniques. This easy to implement data mining framework works with the geo-spatial plot of crime and helps to improve the productivity of the detectives and other law enforcement officers. It can also be applied for counter terrorism for homeland security.
Abstract C120: Genomic landscape in advanced metaplastic breast cancer and outcomes with mTOR targeted therapy.

Background: Metaplastic breast cancer (BC) is a treatment-refractory rare type of BC with characteristics similar to claudin-low tumors. Understanding the genomic landscape of metaplastic BC can lead to identification of new therapies. Methods: Patients with metastatic metaplastic BC referred for experimental therapies, who had adequate archival tumor tissue for DNA extraction, had targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) for 3,769 exons of 236 cancer-related genes and 47 introns from 19 genes to an average depth of 1000X using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform (Foundation One, Foundation Medicine, MA). Results: NGS results were obtained for 10 women with metaplastic BC (median age 60 years [39-73], median prior therapies for metastatic BC 0 [0-1]). NGS revealed a total of 41 aberrations in 25 genes and all 10 patients had at least 1 molecular aberration (range 1-7, median 4). Of 41 detected molecular aberrations, 17 (41%) included putative activation of the PI3K/mTOR and/or MAPK pathways (PIK3CA [6], PTEN [3], PIK3R1 [1], NF1 [1], EGFR [1], EPHB1 [1], FGF23 [1], FGFR2 [1], HRAS [1], PTPN11 [1]), 13 (32%) loss of cell cycle control (CCND2 [1], CCND3 [1], CCNE1 [1], CDK2 [1], CDKN2A [2], MYC [6], RB1 [1]), 6 (15%) loss of apoptosis (MCL1 [1], NFKBIA [1], TP53 [4]), 2 (5%) aberrant DNA repair (BRCA2 [1], FANCA [1]), 2 (5%) aberrant methylation (KDM6A [1], MLL2 [1]) and 1 (2.5%) aberrant SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling (ARID1A [1]). Of the 10 patients, 9 (90%) received an experimental mTOR targeting therapy combination with temsirolimus, bevacizumab, and liposomal doxorubicin and at the median follow up of 5.8 months, 2 (22%) patients attained a partial response and 3 (33%) had stable disease >/= 4 months. The median progression-free survival was 6.2 months (95% confidence Interval 3.4 - 9.0) Conclusion: Genomic alterations putatively activating PI3K/mTOR and MAPK pathways are common in metastatic metaplastic BC. A combination therapy targeting mTOR demonstrated encouraging activity. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):C120. Citation Format: Filip Janku, Razelle Kurzrock, Thorunn Helgason, Vicente Valero, Francisco Esteva, Jennifer J. Wheler, Daniel D. Karp, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Stacy L. Moulder. Genomic landscape in advanced metaplastic breast cancer and outcomes with mTOR targeted therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C120.
Fatigue Parameters of Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films

Temperature and voltage dependence of fatigue parameters were studied for PZT thin film capacitors on the basis of our fatigue model. It was found that the coefficient of dielectric viscosity of PZT and initial internal field difference of PZT capacitors play a key role in determining fatigue rate. Jump distance was calculated from voltage dependence of decay constant, and it turned out to be essentially the same as the lattice parameter. This result indicates that vacancies (oxygen vacancies, mainly) move parallel to the polarization direction during fatigue. Activation energy was calculated from the temperature dependence of the decay constant. It was confirmed that activation energy for domain wall movement determines fatigue rate at various temperatures. This fatigue model can be used to predict the fatigue behavior and can be extended to develop an accelerated test for fatigue.
Impact of Acyrthosiphon kondoi (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Alfalfa: Field and Greenhouse Studies

Damage to alfalfa by Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji depended on the number of aphids per stem and the length of infestation. In field studies, first-harvest yields were not significantly reduced at populations of 87 aphids per stem, if they were controlled immediately. However, delaying control as few as 8 days at this infestation level resulted in significant yield reductions. These data expand on previous work and set upper levels for aphid infestation. There was no yield loss in the second or third harvest, indicating that no effects carried over from damage sustained before the first harvest. In greenhouse studies, plants subjected to a heavy aphid infestation produced significantly more leaf dry matter but were significantly shorter than noninfested plants. There was no significant difference in quality, as determined by the percentage of protein and total digestible nutrients, between infested and noninfested plants in either the field or greenhouse study.
Response of Walking Conophthorus ponderosae to Volatile Attractants

Responses of walking ponderosa pine cone beetles, Conophthorus ponderosae Hopkins, to various volatile substances were measured in a laboratory olfactometer. Males were attracted to the combined odors of a female and ¼ freshly cut conelet. Females were attracted to the combined odors of 1 male and ¼ freshly cut conelet. Both males and females were attracted to an ethanol extract of frass and tunnel shaving-s from an infested cone. One percent ponderosa pine cone resin was attractive to females but not to males. Females responded to 1% β-pinene but not to the other oleoresin fractions tested.
An overview of NASA research related to the aging commercial transport fleet

This paper describes the research activities of the NASA Airframe Structural Integrity Program for the aging commercial transport fleet. Advanced analysis methods are under development to predict the fatigue crack growth in complex built-up shell structures. Innovative nondestructive examination technologies are under development to provide large area inspection capability to detect corrosion, disbonds, and fatigue cracks. The ultimate goal of this interdisciplinary program is to develop and transfer advanced technology to the airline operators and airframe manufacturers. The program is being conducted cooperatively with the FAA and the U.S. industry.
Discipline and Negotiation: Power in Learning Organizations

This article examines issues of power and control in learning organizations. The emphasis is on understanding the working environments of learning organizations, taking into consideration the intricacies of power and control. It focuses on the relationship between management and employees and its overall implications in the effective governance of these organizational forms. The paper critically analyses 42 in-depth interviews undertaken at a multinational situated in Botswana to deconstruct the democratic and participative models of learning organizations.
Harm of residues of antibiotics and its detecting methods in milk and dairy products

The residues of antibiotics in milk and dairy products seriously impaired people's health,so it was focused by the public.In this text,the situation of antibiotics residues and their harm in milk and dairy products were discussed.Delvotest and other detecting methods were also compared.Delvotest is more advanced than other detecting methods.In order to strengthen the monitor of antibiotics residues in milk and dairy products and solve the knotty problems of milk and dairy products industries,the government should introduce Delvotest as soon as possible.
Denudation thickness and its significance in the deep part of Songliao Basin

This paper evaluates the denudation thickness on the denudation surface in the deep part of Songliao Basin using Dow method and its correction method basing on vitrinite reflectance restore calculation.The result shows that the denudation thickness obtained by Dow method is less than 1 100～3 000 m except Well Yushen 1 with the d/s denudation thickness of 1 534.7 m.The denudation thickness obtained by Dow method is less than 730 m.Comparing to this value, the deep denudation thickness obtained by the correction method considering the reburial effect is 1 100~3 000 m.The analysis shows that Dow method may correspond to the lower limit of the denudation thickness value,while the correction method may correspond to the upper value.
The Health and Safety of Farmworkers in the Eastern United States: A Need to Focus on Social Justice

This chapter provides the fundamental argument of why the health and safety of farmworkers in the eastern US is a matter of social justice. The organization of the chapters in the volume is outlined, and definitions of common terms (e.g., social justice, eastern US) and conventions (e.g., use of the term Latino/Hispanic) are presented. An overview of each chapter is provided. Finally, acknowledgments for the Third Wake Forest University School of Medicine Farmworker Health Research Workshop are presented.
Educating force multipliers: constructing terrorism in a US public high school

This article ethnographically explores a specialized Homeland Security program at a US public high school, paying careful attention to the program’s discursive constructions of terrorism and nation...
Same or different? The “cultural entrepreneurship” and “arts entrepreneurship” constructs in European and US higher education

ABSTRACT“Arts entrepreneurship” is beginning to emerge from its infancy as a field of study in US higher education institutions. “Cultural Entrepreneurship”, especially as conceived of in European contexts, developed earlier and on a somewhat different but parallel track. As Kuhlke, Schramme, and Kooyman [(2015). Introduction. Creating cultural capital: Cultural entrepreneurship in theory, pedagogy and practice. Delft: Eburon] note, “In Europe, courses began to emerge in the late 1980s and early 1990s … primarily providing an established business school education with an industry-specific focus on the new and emerging creative economy.” Conversely, the development of “arts entrepreneurship” courses and programmes in the US have been driven as much or more from interest within arts disciplines or even from within the career services units of arts conservatories as a means toward supporting artist self-sufficiency and career self-management. This paper looks at the conceptual development of “arts entreprene...
GRASP: Rich Patterns for Argumentation Mining

GRASP (GReedy Augmented Sequential Patterns) is an algorithm for automatically extracting patterns that characterize subtle linguistic phenomena. To that end, GRASP augments each term of input text with multiple layers of linguistic information. These different facets of the text terms are systematically combined to reveal rich patterns. We report highly promising experimental results in several challenging text analysis tasks within the field of Argumentation Mining. We believe that GRASP is general enough to be useful for other domains too. For example, each of the following sentences includes a claim for a [topic]: 1. Opponents often argue that the open primary is unconstitutional. [Open Primaries] 2. Prof. Smith suggested that affirmative action devalues the accomplishments of the chosen. [Affirmative Action] 3. The majority stated that the First Amendment does not guarantee the right to offend others. [Freedom of Speech] These sentences share almost no words in common, however, they are similar at a more abstract level. A human observer may notice the following underlying common structure, or pattern: [someone][argue/suggest/state][that][topic term][sentiment term]. GRASP aims to automatically capture such underlying structures of the given data. For the above examples it finds the pattern [noun][express][that][noun,topic][sentiment], where [express] stands for all its (in)direct hyponyms, and [noun,topic] means a noun which is also related to the topic.
A Predictive Model for Determining Permanent Implant Size During 2-Stage Implant Breast Reconstruction.

Background Two-stage tissue expander (TE)/permanent implant (PI) breast reconstruction remains the most commonly performed technique in breast reconstruction. Predictions for the PI size preoperatively impact on the number and range of implants made available at TE exchange. This study aims to identify critical preoperative variables and create a predictive model for PI size. Methods Patients who underwent 2-stage implant breast reconstruction from 2011 to 2017 were included in the study. Linear and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify significant preoperative variables for PI volume. Results During the study period, 826 patients underwent 2-stage TE/PI breast reconstruction. Complete records were available for 226 breasts. Initial TE fill ranged from 0% to 102% with a mean final fill of 100.6% of TE volume. The majority of PIs were smooth round (98.2%), silicone (90%) implants. In a multivariate analysis, significant variables for predicting PI size were TE final fill volume (P < 0.0001), TE size (P = 0.03), and a history of preoperative radiation (P = 0.001). Relationships between these 3 variables were utilized to form a predictive model with a regression coefficient of R2 = 0.914. Conclusions Significant variables for predicting PI volume were TE final fill volume, TE size, and a history of preoperative radiation. The ability to more accurately predict the PI volume can improve surgical planning, reduce consignment inventory, and simplify operating room workflow.
SALSA: An Algorithm for Mining Specific Features of Tandem MS Data

When using Sequest and similar tools described in previous chapters, we typically have peptide MS-MS data and we ask, “What proteins do these peptides come from?” Sequest and similar programs are well-suited to the task of protein identification from peptide MS-MS data. However, the proposition becomes a bit different if we want to do something other than simply identify what proteins are present in a sample. Consider the following scenarios: We know that our sample contains many proteins, but we only wish to identify those that bear some specific modification. This could be a posttranslational modification, such as phosphorylation, or a modification by a drug or other chemical. We want to identify peptides in a mixture that all share some sequence identity, but may differ in other ways. This could be due to the presence of wild-type and mutant forms of a protein. We know or suspect that our sample contains a particular protein, but we also suspect that it may be present in multiple modified forms and we wish to detect all of them.
NITROGEN FIXATION: PAST PROGRESS AND RECENT ADVANCES

Model studies have provided the experimental basis for a comprehensive mechanism of biological nitrogen fixation. They also helped in the elucidation of the mechanism of the reduction of nitrogen in several abiological nitrogen fixing systems and led to the discovery of a new class of organometallic compounds of molybdenum. Finally, these studies stimulated research in unrelated fields leading to the development of prototypes of nitrogen reducing solar cells and the demonstration that such unusual physico-chemical processes of nitrogen fixation occur under the present conditions in certain arid or semiarid regions on earth.
Adduct Ions in Mass Spectrometry of Nitramine Munitions Compounds

High pressure positive chemical ionization (PCI) mass spectrometry of nitramines and related compounds with a polar reagent gas, dimethyl ether, revealed that adduct ions resulting from ionmolecule reactions with reagent gas-derived ions were by far the predominant species. The m/z values of these adducts are uniquely characteristic for a particular nitramine and may be of value, either alone or in addition to molecular ion and fragment-molecule adduct ion data from methane PCI spectra, in making positive identifications of individual compounds in complex mixtures.
The Negro People’s Theatre and the Emergence of the Civil Rights Theatre Movement

After the closure of the Federal Theatre Project in 1939, radical black theatre artists embraced the concept of “Negro people’s theatre” by centering the black working class in the fight against Jim Crow. The “Negro people’s theatre” would emerge as the single most important ideological touchstone for black theatre artists of the long civil rights era, from the 1930s through the 1960s. This chapter tracks three central configurations of the 1940s-era Negro people’s theatre in New York City: the Negro Playwrights Company’s production of Theodore Ward’s Big White Fog (1940), the Orson Welles-directed Broadway production of Richard Wright and Paul Green’s Native Son (1941), and the American Negro Theatre’s staging of Theodore Browne’s Natural Man (1941).
A use case of humanware and cloud-based cyberinfrastructure: Time-series data classification using machine learning

Humanware, the human component of cyberinfrastructure, is focused on understanding and developing the human expertise needed to support computationally-based research with the goal of maximizing efficiency, productivity, and return on investment associated with cyberinfrastructure. In this paper, we present an example use case describing the humanware challenges associated with leveraging cloud-based cyberinfrastructure to implement a machine learning software framework that classifies ambiguous time-series data sets. Our project demonstrates that collaboration between researchers and cyberinfrastructure experts significantly advanced our empirical research efforts and maximized the return on investment by utilizing a cost-efficient cloud-based cyberinfrastructure.
The importance of health management and maintenance occupations while homeless: A case study

Life expectancy for persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) is two decades lower than the general population; often, middle-aged adults experience such debilitating health issues due to homelessness that their physical bodies resemble that of a geriatric population. Environmental barriers limiting the ability for PEH to follow medical recommendations and access healthcare often result in decreased health outcomes for this population. The need to participate in survival occupations can reduce time spent in occupations related to health and wellness. This article presents a case study to demonstrate the impact that limited and intermittent access to healthcare can have on quality of life and wellbeing for PEH. The case study illuminates the significant impact health concerns can cause for a PEH, including eviction from shelters, verbal abuse from staff and peers, and dehumanization. This case study and resulting manuscript are designed to explore the need for health promotion occupations within a population of PEH.
Food in Cuba: the pursuit of a decent meal: by Hanna Garth, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2020, 214 pp., ISBN: 978-1-5036-0462-9

Even though Cuba is constricted by the US blockade and embargo, and was severed by the fall of the Soviet Union―on which it depended for trade and imports―the island is regarded as an example of su...
The Faint Stellar Halos of Massive Red Galaxies from Stacks of More than 42,000 SDSS LRG Images

We study the properties of massive galaxies at an average redshift of z ~ 0.34 through stacking more than 42,000 images of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). This is the largest data set ever used for such an analysis and it allows us to explore the outskirts of massive red galaxies at unprecedented physical scales. Our image stacks extend farther than 400 kpc, where the r-band profile surface brightness reaches 30 mag arcsec–2. This analysis confirms that the stellar bodies of LRGs follow a simple Sersic profile out to 100 kpc. At larger radii, the profiles deviate from the best-fit Sersic models and exhibit extra light in the r-, i-, and z-band stacks. This excess light can probably be attributed to unresolved intragroup or intracluster light or a change in the light profile itself. We further show that standard analyses of SDSS-depth images typically miss 20% of the total stellar light and underestimate the size of LRGs by 10% compared to our best-fit r-band Sersic model of n = 5.5 and re = 13.1 kpc. If the excess light at r > 100 kpc is considered to be part of the galaxy, the best-fit r-band Sersic parameters are n = 5.8 and re = 13.6 kpc. In addition, we study the radially dependent stack ellipticity and find an increase with radius from = 0.25 at r = 10 kpc to = 0.3 at r = 100 kpc. This provides support that the stellar light that we trace out to at least 100 kpc is physically associated with the galaxies themselves and may confirm that the halos of individual LRGs have higher ellipticities than their central parts. Lastly, we show that the broadband color gradients of the stacked images are flat beyond roughly 40 kpc, suggesting that the stellar populations do not vary significantly with radius in the outer parts of massive ellipticals.
Unemployment insurance and subsequent job duration: job matching versus unobserved heterogeneity

The relationship between Unemployment Insurance (UI) benefit duration, unemployment duration and subsequent job duration is investigated using a multi-state duration model with state specific unobserved heterogeneity. I examine two potential explanations for the negative correlation between unemployment and job spell durations; UI benefits increase job matching quality (the ‘Matching’ effect) versus unobserved heterogeneity (‘Adverse Selection’). The Matching effect is found to be weak. Although new jobs accepted within 5 weeks of benefit termination seem to have a higher dissolution rate, the negative correlation between unemployment and job duration is mostly explained by unobserved heterogeneity. Various simulations indicate that increasing the maximum benefit duration by one week will raise expected unemployment duration by 1.0 to 1.5 days but will raise expected job duration by 0.5 to 0.8 day only. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of adherence to autonomous job rotation on musculoskeletal symptoms, occupational exposure, and work ability

Abstract Job rotation is widely used in the manufacturing industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of adherence to autonomous job rotation on the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, occupational exposure, and work ability. A total of 120 blue-collar workers from an automotive manufacturing company with a job rotation program as an organizational strategy were included in this study. Job rotation performance, musculoskeletal symptoms, perceived occupational and biomechanical exposure, and work ability were evaluated. For the statistical analyses, the departments were divided into high (83.7%–100%) and low (0–36.4%) job rotation adherence. Two departments showed high adherence to job rotation (n = 78 workers). Workers who had high job rotation adherence had a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (32.1%) and higher perceived occupational exposure for the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms (71.4 ± 45.7 points) (P > 0.05). Work ability was considered good or excellent for both high- and low-adherence groups (P > 0.05). High adherence to job rotation had no positive influences on the musculoskeletal symptoms, occupational exposure, and work ability of workers.
Assessing Cerebellar Disorders With Wearable Inertial Sensor Data Using Time-Frequency and Autoregressive Hidden Markov Model Approaches

We use autoregressive hidden Markov models and a time-frequency approach to create meaningful quantitative descriptions of behavioral characteristics of cerebellar ataxias from wearable inertial sensor data gathered during movement. Wearable sensor data is relatively easily collected and provides direct measurements of movement that can be used to develop useful behavioral biomarkers. Sensitive and specific behavioral biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases are critical to supporting early detection, drug development efforts, and targeted treatments. We create a flexible and descriptive set of features derived from accelerometer and gyroscope data collected from wearable sensors while participants perform clinical assessment tasks, and with them estimate disease status and severity. A short period of data collection ($<$ 5 minutes) yields enough information to effectively separate patients with ataxia from healthy controls with very high accuracy, to separate ataxia from other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, and to give estimates of disease severity.
The determinants of antihypertensive use and expenditure in patients with hypertension in the USA

Objectives The objective of this study was to examine factors associated with antihypertensive use and expenditures in patients with hypertension using national representative data from the USA. Methods We used two household component data files from the 2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS): the 2009 full-year consolidated file and prescribed medicine file. We identified individuals aged 18 years and older who had been diagnosed with hypertension. A two-part multivariable regression model was used to evaluate factors associated with (1) the likelihood of patients obtaining an antihypertensive and (2) the determinants of total amount spent for antihypertensive drug therapy. Key findings Approximately 30% of the total adult population in the MEPS reported having been diagnosed with hypertension while only about 56% of these patients reported receiving antihypertensive therapy in 2009. Patients with higher family income, health insurance and poor health status had a higher likelihood of obtaining an antihypertensive and also a higher total amount spent for antihypertensive drug therapy. Having either public or private health insurance and residing in the Northeast or South region of the USA appear to be most strongly associated with antihypertensive use. Conclusions Using a national representative dataset, and a two-part regression model, this study identified factors associated with antihypertensive use and expenditure. The findings may aid policy makers and physicians to identify groups of patients with hypertension who may be untreated or undertreated, and help understand the drivers of antihypertensive costs among the treated.
OPOWER: Increasing Energy Efficiency through Normative Influence (A)

The case profiles OPOWER, an energy efficiency software company that applies Cialdini's principles of social influence to successfully encourage consumers to reduce their energy usage. OPOWER was co-founded in 2008 by two young Harvard graduates, Dan Yates and Alex Laskey, who were inspired by Robert Cialdini's behavioral science research showing that people's normative beliefs - and messaging tailored to those beliefs - had a powerful and measurable impact on their energy-conserving behaviors. Yates and Laskey redesigned the home energy bill to include normative messaging, including feedback on how consumers' energy usage compares to their neighbors' usage. Through early trials of the program, the electrical utilities began seeing 1.5% to 3.5% savings in energy usage, almost immediately. After the rapid success of OPOWER's first three years, Yates and Laskey wondered whether their approach would produce sustainable results: what strategy should they pursue to ensure that consumers continue to read and respond to the normative messaging in the "Energy Bill 2.0"?Learning Objective: Use with OPOWER: Increasing Energy Efficiency through Normative Influence (A).
Connections between Semi-Infinite and Semidefinite Programming

Some interesting semi-infinite optimization problems can be reduced to semidefinite optimization problems, and hence solved efficiently using recent interior-point methods. In this paper we discuss semidefinite optimization from this perspective and illustrate the connections between semidefinite optimization and semi-infinite programming with examples and applications from computational geometry, statistics, and systems and control.
“But You Are Still a Monkey”: American Born Chinese and Racial Self-Acceptance

Mike Cadden’s “‘But You Are Still a Monkey’: American Born Chinese and Racial Self-Acceptance” calls into question the wide acknowledgement of Gene Luen Yang’s young adult graphic novel, American Born Chinese , as a positive model of ethnic identity. This call for reassessment surfaces and questions passive assumptions about traditionally privileged subject positions (e.g. whiteness, maleness), suggesting that perhaps such ideologies are more powerful and have more currency than progressive and forward-thinking scholars and educators would like to admit.
Lung Injury Produced by Immune Complexes of Varying Composition

Immune complexes consisting of rabbit antibody to bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been made up at 1×, 3×, 6×, 8×, and 20× antigen equivalence. The complement fixing activity of these complexes is inversely proportional to the amount of antigen present in the complexes, and, as expected, solubility of the complexes progressively increases with increasing amounts of antigen. The ability of these complexes to induce acute pulmonary injury and inflammatory responses has been quantitatively assessed. Complexes preformed at antigen equivalence are the most damaging to lung, correlating with their complement fixing activity. When the antigen concentration in the complexes is increased 3 to 6 times beyond the point of equivalence, the phlogistic activity of the complexes drops off rapidly, as demonstrated by a sharp decline in the changes in vascular permeability, hemorrhage, and morphologic evidence of inflammation. These studies provide the first evidence that changing the physicochemical parameters of preformed immune complexes by simply altering the ratio of antigen to antibody can dramatically alter the phlogistic properties of immune complexes for pulmonary tissue.
On Invariant Surfaces and Bifurcation of Periodic Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations

This article consists of Chapter 2 of the author's 1954 Dissertation bearing the same title and published as Courant Institute report IMM-NYU 333, available in full on the author's personal web site. Chapter 2 consists of the first complete proof of what has come to be known as the Neimark-Sacker bifurcation theorem. It includes the reduction to normal form using weighted monomials which precludes using the Center Manifold theorem which was not known to the author and was published the same year as the dissertation and called “a Reduction Principle” by V. Pliss and later named Center Manifold theorem by A. Kelley (see previous article for citations). After reduction to normal form, the resulting functional equations for the bifurcating invariant curve is solved in detail. Stand-alone decimals provide solutions of linear functional equations, a-priori estimates and interpolation inequalities between derivatives in the sup norm.
Schoenberg's Musical Imagination: Uncanny expressions of time in the music of Arnold Schoenberg

the clock ticked on and on, happy about being apprenticed to eternity … John Ashbery: “Wakefulness” Die Uhren stimmen nicht uberein [The clocks are not in unison] from the Diaries of Franz Kafka Introduction Schoenberg's generation inherits its fascination with things uncanny from the Romantics. One need not look far to find examples in German literature from the nineteenth century: the poetry of Goethe, Holderlin, and Heine, and the prose of E. T. A. Hoffmann and the Grimm brothers provide the most conspicuous and celebrated examples, as do August Schlegel's German translations of Shakespeare ( Hamlet , Macbeth , A Midsummer Night's Dream , and The Tempest all feed into Romantic visions of the uncanny). Within Schoenberg's generation, Freud becomes the supreme analyst of the uncanny, while Kafka invents its most profound examples, so much so that his name becomes synonymous with the uncanny. Schubert and Wagner must top the list of musical precursors to Schoenberg's depictions of things uncanny, but examples also can be found in Mozart, Don Giovanni in particular, Beethoven, and others. The principal focus of this chapter will be on one particular development of Schoenberg's rhythmic practice. It involves the use of a steady pulse-stream, set in contrast to its immediate musical environment, and expressing a sense of altered, “uncanny” time. The practice has antecedents in Schoenberg's tonal music, in Wagner before him, and even earlier, in the music of Schubert.