cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Classification of hospital acquired complications using temporal clinical information from a large electronic health record

Display Omitted We retrospectively analyze one large (20,000+ patient) EHR for HACs.Optimal predictive power for HACs (AUC=0.845) found at 72h after admission.We report relevant features for clinicians to be aware of to identify HACs.Lab values are important for detection of HACs early in a hospitalization.Interventional data are important for detection of HACs for longer hospitalization periods. Hospital acquired complications (HACs) are serious problems affecting modern day healthcare institutions. It is estimated that HACs result in an approximately 10% increase in total inpatient hospital costs across US hospitals. With US hospital spending totaling nearly $900 billion per annum, the damages caused by HACs are no small matter. Early detection and prevention of HACs could greatly reduce strains on the US healthcare system and improve patient morbidity & mortality rates. Here, we describe a machine-learning model for predicting the occurrence of HACs within five distinct categories using temporal clinical data. Using our approach, we find that at least $10 billion of excessive hospital costs could be saved in the US alone, with the institution of effective preventive measures. In addition, we also identify several keystone features that demonstrate high predictive power for HACs over different time periods following patient admission. The classifiers and features analyzed in this study show high promise of being able to be used for accurate prediction of HACs in clinical settings, and furthermore provide novel insights into the contribution of various clinical factors to the risk of developing HACs as a function of healthcare system exposure.
Comparing In-Person, Sona, and Mechanical Turk Measurements of Three Prejudice-Relevant Constructs

Electronic data collection and participant pool management tools give researchers new ways to conduct research. The current study investigated the equivalency of in-person and online administrations of the Right-Wing Authoritarianism, Social Dominance Orientation, and Modern Racism scales across three modalities (administration in person, online through Sona Systems, and online through Mechanical Turk). Results indicate that in-person administration was largely equivalent to the randomly assigned online sample (Sona Systems) in terms of their intercorrelations, mean scores, variability, and reliability. However, the Sona sample consistently responded with strong attitudes for all measures, suggesting that social desirability may be decreased when completing these measures online. In addition, the Mechanical Turk sample differed in many ways from both in-person and Sona administration; although this nonequivalence is at least partially explained by sample demographic differences, other considerations may have exacerbated nonequivalence, including prior exposure to the measures and a desire to respond correctly.
The Socialism of Fools?: Leftist Origins of Modern Anti-Semitism

Anti-Semitism, as it has existed historically in Europe, is generally thought of as having been a phenomenon of the political right. To the extent that nineteenth- and early twentieth-century leftist movements have been found to manifest anti-Semitism, their involvement has often been suggested to be a mere fleeting and insignificant phenomenon. As such, this study seeks to examine more fully the role that the historic European left has played in developing and espousing anti-Semitic views. The authors draw upon a range of primary and secondary sources, including the analysis of left- and right-wing newspaper reportage, to trace the relationship between the political left and anti-Semitism in France, Germany, and Great Britain from the French Revolution to World War II, ultimately concluding that the relationship between the left and anti-Semitism has been much more profound than previously believed.
Comment on the Age Discrimination Example

This comment addresses two questions: How useful is the example and hyperlink method as a teaching as opposed to reference tool? And, what do judges need to know about statistical analysis? The discussion of the example-and-hyperlink method includes observations about the accessibility of this teaching method to judges, whether it enables judges to generalize from the specific examples, and how the prototype might be improved by comparing the utility of statistical tests. The discussion of what judges need to know draws from years of teaching statistics to judges but still rests only on my intuition about what information about statistics they need to do their work as judges intelligently. Judges need to know less about formulas and more about when particular statistical approaches are appropriate, as well as the relative merits of statistical methods for different contexts, types of data, and questions.
Matching Free-form Primitives with 3D Medical Data to Represent Organs and Anatomical Structures

Three-dimensional representations of organs and anatomical structures can be derived from sets of two-dimensional data (images) in different ways. Most approaches are based on the use of voxels (to provide digital representations of volumes) or triangles (to sample surfaces that interpolate sets of contours). The approach we have developed is different: it is basically interactive and thus it takes advantage of user’s expertise to define specific and highly-structured geometrical models of organs. The first problem is to define free-form primitives as basic components for the creation of three-dimensional models. The second problem is to make these primitives match as well as possible with actual data: an interactive procedure enables the user to roughly position the primitive onto the data; then, an automatic process selects the relevant data and optimizes the shape of the primitive. In this paper, we describe this interactive approach and the problems it raises; then, we focus on the description of an original solution to optimize the shape of free-form primitives through actual data.
Building the nation of the future, one waiting room at a time: hospital murals in the making of modern Mexico

AbstractMid-twentieth century Mexican hospitals – the buildings themselves and their interior and exterior walls – became stages that depicted national hopes and aspirations. Hospitals and clinics became ideal spaces that married science and medicine with the state’s version of a triumphant social revolution. Visitors and patients to hospital waiting rooms, lobbies and auditoriums would see, indeed be surrounded by, depictions of the complicated hopes placed on science and medicine as interpreted by politicians, architects, and artists. Hospital walls became contested spaces where art depicted Mexico’s embrace of modern technology and medical practices while also showcasing, in vivid color, citizens challenging the government’s broken revolutionary promises, especially the right of all to health and social security.
Building Relationships with diverse students and families: A funds of Knowledge Perspective

The purpose of this study was to examine how preservice teachers, from a funds of knowledge perspective, in a community-based early childhood teacher preparation programme learned about the language and (bi)literacy development of young English emergent bilinguals. Through a series of in-depth home observations their early childhood education (ECE) coursework preservice teachers reflected on young children's literacy learning and family literacy practices. We followed case studies of six participating preservice teachers who were placed with families with children enrolled in preschool programmes as part of their field experience. A research team composed of two university professors and two graduate students gathered a variety of data during one academic year. Data sources include field notes, video and audio recordings and children's emergent literacy samples from six family home interactions by the preservice teachers with their assigned case study families. During these family home visits, preservice ...
Time-out from a short mean-interval variable-interval reinforcement schedule

Within the conditioned suppression paradigm, the lever-press behavior of rats was attenuated in the presence of a tone which preceded a 10-min time-out (lever retraction) from VI 30-sec reinforcement. The degree of response suppression controlled by the pre-time-out stimulus was only slight and did not occur for a second group when time-out was accompanied by a Within the conditioned suppression paradigm, the lever-press behavior of rats was attenuated in the presence of a tone which preceded a 10-min time-out (lever retraction) from VI 30-sec reinforcement. The degree of response suppression controlled by the pre-time-out stimulus was only slight and did not occur for a second group when time-out was accompanied by a decrease in ambient illumination.
Postresectional Hyperplasia of the Small Intestine without Bile and Pancreatic Juice

SummaryTo assess the role of pancreaticobiliary secretions in mediating adaptive hyperplasia of the small intestine, rats with ligation of the pancreaticobiliary duct were studied 48 hr after jejunectomy. After ligation, the rise in ileal RNA content was only 12% as compared with 44% control (P < 0.02) and the rise in DNA content was only 13% as compared with 25% control (P < 0.01). Some adaptive hyperplasia can occur after pancreaticobiliary ligation, but the hyperplastic response is potentiated by pancreaticobiliary exocrine secretion.
Inhibins, Activins, and Follistatins: The Saga Continues

In 1991, I co-authored a minireview which appeared in this journal and dealt with two protein factors that had recently been isolated from ovarian follicular fluid (1). The two proteins, activin and follistatin, were discovered in the context of their effects on the reproductive system to stimulate and inhibit, respectively, the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland (2–5).
The Impact of Computer Generated Information on The Choice Activity of Decision-Makers

This article presents a study which was designed to test the hypothesis that the computer experienced subjects would be more suspicious or less confident of computer derived information than would ...
On Degree Achievement and Avoidance Games for Graphs

(1987). On Degree Achievement and Avoidance Games for Graphs. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 316-321.
Invasive lionfish increase activity and foraging movements at greater local densities

Density-dependent changes in predator foraging behavior due to intraspecific com- petition for food can have important implications for population dynamics of both the predator and its prey. The Indo-Pacific red lionfish Pterois volitans is an invasive predatory reef fish that has reached high population densities and can cause large reductions in small native fishes. To deter- mine whether lionfish behavior or movement varies with local lionfish and/or prey densities, I con- ducted observations of lionfish on 16 coral patch reefs in The Bahamas. Lionfish foraging activity and movement varied significantly with lionfish density. At higher densities, lionfish exhibited greater activity levels, time away from shelter, and more short-term foraging movements between coral patch reefs and surrounding seagrass habitats. However, these changes were not uniform throughout the day, with differences in activity occurring only at dusk and differences in move- ment occurring at both dawn and dusk, but not midday. Although some lionfish foraging behav- iors varied with prey density, overall lionfish density was more strongly related to differences in lionfish activity patterns. These temporal and spatial changes in lionfish foraging behaviors are consistent with the predicted effects of intraspecific competition and may have important conse- quences for lionfish removal efforts and native prey populations. Specifically, in areas with higher lionfish densities, prey fishes that are more active at dusk and/or inhabit seagrass beds near coral patch reefs may be more vulnerable to lionfish predation. By culling lionfish, managers may reduce the local foraging movements of lionfish and thus help maintain native fish communities in multiple habitats.
Analysis of Programming Language Overhead in DCE

In the context of network simulation, directly executing the code for new protocols and applications can add a sense of realism to the simulation while saving time that would have been required for development and validation of sufficiently representative models. Direct Code Execution (DCE) in ns-3 provides this functionality for debugging and analyzing new network applications directly in simulation. However, DCE currently requires that these applications are executed as native code that has been compiled from source code written in C or C++. This work exploits the fact that languages such as Python and Java launch their applications through native code that ultimately translates their source code into instructions that the underlying system understands. The efforts of this study provide a framework for allowing applications written in Python or Java to be executed within the simulated environment similarly to how DCE currently allows applications written in C or C++ to be introduced into simulation. This framework is tested on multiple simulated topologies for a variety of applications, and its overhead is examined in the context of memory usage and wallclock execution time.
Surface immunoglobulins on blood lymphocytes of normal and immunodeficient persons studied by the mixed antiglobulin method.

Surface immunoglobulins on human peripheral blood lymphocytes were investigated by the mixed antiglobulin technique—using the single layer mixed antiglobulin method as originally described (SLMA), and a modification employing a double layer of antibody (DLMA). Lymphocytes isolated from the blood of normal individuals had a mean of 7.8 and 18.4 per cent Ig + cells by the SLMA and DLMA techniques respectively. The DLMA data are similar to results obtained by other methods of detecting membrane Igs indicating that the mixed antiglobulin method is comparable in sensitivity. When the total numbers of Ig + cells, obtained by separate κ and λ testing, were compared with results obtained using single anti-light chain antisera, there was no significant difference, suggesting that most positive lymphocytes carry a single variety of light chain. Lymphocytes from the blood of seventeen patients with primary immunodeficiency were analysed. Four patients with variable immunodeficiency and four others with absent serum IgA all had normal surface Igs including α chains. All members of a family having an X-linked immunodeficiency had normal surface Igs including the affected members and a presumed carrier. Four cases of immunodeficiency associated with thymoma proved to have disparate findings. One patient exhibited a selective absence of μ antigens on the membranes of blood lymphocytes of over 2800 tested cells. Two other cases had normal surface Igs while a fourth patient, previously reported, lacked all surface Igs.
Live-Cell Imaging of the Estrogen Receptor by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Trafficking studies of plasma membrane-localized intracellular estrogen receptors have mainly relied on biochemical and histological techniques to locate the receptor before and after estradiol stimulation. More often than not these experiments were performed using postmortem, lysed, or fixed tissue samples, whose tissue or cellular structure is typically severely altered or at times completely lost, making the definitive localization of estrogen receptors difficult to ascertain. To overcome this limitation we began using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) to study the trafficking of plasma membrane estrogen receptors. This real-time imaging approach, described in this chapter, permits observation of live, intact cells while allowing visualization of the steps (in time and spatial distribution) involved in receptor activation by estradiol and movements on and near the membrane. TIRFM yields high-contrast real-time images of fluorescently labeled E6BSA molecules on and just below the cell surface and is ideal for studying estrogen receptor trafficking in living cells.
Simvastatin Treatment Modulates Mechanically-Induced Injury and Inflammation in Respiratory Epithelial Cells.

Mechanical forces in the respiratory system, including surface tension forces during airway reopening and high transmural pressures, can result in epithelial cell injury, barrier disruption and inflammation. In this study, we investigated if a clinically relevant pharmaceutical agent, Simvastatin, could mitigate mechanically induced injury and inflammation in respiratory epithelia. Pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to either cyclic airway reopening forces or oscillatory transmural pressure in vitro and treated with a wide range of Simvastatin concentrations. Simvastatin induced reversible depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton and a statistically significant reduction the cell’s elastic modulus. However, Simvastatin treatment did not result in an appreciable change in the cell’s viscoelastic properties. Simvastatin treated cells did exhibit a reduced height-to-width aspect ratio and these changes in cell morphology resulted in a significant decrease in epithelial cell injury during airway reopening. Interestingly, although very high concentrations (25–50 µM) of Simvastatin resulted in dramatically less IL-6 and IL-8 pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, 2.5 µM Simvastatin did not reduce the total amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted during mechanical stimulation. These results indicate that although Simvastatin treatment may be useful in reducing cell injury during airway reopening, elevated local concentrations of Simvastatin might be needed to reduce mechanically-induced injury and inflammation in respiratory epithelia.
A decentralized consensus algorithm for distributed state observers with robustness guarantees

Motivated by the design of distributed observers with good performance and robustness to measurement and communication noise, the problem of obtaining a global estimate, over a graph, of a common process is considered. We propose a global consensus algorithm that satisfies a pre-specified rate of convergence and has optimized robustness to both communication and measurement noise. The convergence rate and the robustness to communication and measurement noise of the proposed consensus algorithm are characterized in terms of (nonlinear and linear) optimization problems. The stability and robustness properties of the proposed algorithm are shown analytically and validated numerically.
Driving magnetization dynamics with interfacial spin-orbit torques(Conference Presentation)

Bulk spin Hall effects are well know to provide spin orbit torques, which can be used to drive magnetization dynamics [1]. But one of the reoccurring questions is to what extend spin orbit torques may also originate at the interface between materials with strong spin orbit coupling and the ferromagnets. Using spin torque driven ferromagnetic resonance we show for two systems, where interfacial torques dominate, that they can be large enough to be practically useful. First, we show spin transfer torque driven magnetization dynamics based on Rashba-Edelstein effects at the Bi/Ag interface [2]. Second, we will show that combining permalloy with monolayer MoS2 gives rise to sizable spin-orbit torques. Given the monolayer nature of MoS2 it is clear that bilk spin Hall effects are negligible and therefore the spin transfer torques are completely interfacial in nature. Interestingly the spin orbit torques with MoS2 show a distinct dependence on the orientation of the magnetization in the permalloy, and become strongly enhanced, when the magnetization is pointing perpendicular to the interfacial plane. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Materials Science and Engineering Division. [1] A. Hoffmann, IEEE Trans. Mag. 49, 5172 (2013). [2] W. Zhang et al., J. Appl. Phys. 117, 17C727 (2015). [3] M. B. Jungfleisch et al., arXiv:1508.01410.
Radiolysis of water with aluminum oxide surfaces

Abstract Aluminum oxide, Al2O3, nanoparticles with water were irradiated with γ-rays and 5 MeV He ions followed by the determination of the production of molecular hydrogen, H2, and characterization of changes in the particle surface. Surface analysis techniques included: diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), nitrogen absorption with the Brunauer – Emmett – Teller (BET) methodology for surface area determination, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Production of H2 by γ-ray radiolysis was determined for samples with adsorbed water and for Al2O3 – water slurries. For Al2O3 samples with adsorbed water, the radiation chemical yield of H2 was measured as 80±20 molecules/100 eV (1 molecule/100 eV=1.04×10−7 mol/J). The yield of H2 was observed to decrease as the amount of water present in the Al2O3 – water slurries increased. Surface studies indicated that the α-phase Al2O3 samples changed phase following irradiation by He ions, and that the oxyhydroxide layer, present on the pristine sample, is removed by γ-ray and He ion irradiation.
Introduction to Besag (1974) Spatial Interaction and the Statistical Analysis of Lattice Systems

Julian Besag has made a career of identifying emerging areas of statistics and writing important papers about them, just as they were beginning to attract serious attention. Thus Besag (1986) was the second major paper [after Geman and Geman (1984), featured elsewhere in this volume] on the Markov random fields approach to image analysis, while in the 1990s he made a number of contributions to Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling [e.g., Besag and Green (1993); Besag et al. (1995)]. His first major paper, however, laid out the foundations for statistical inference in lattice systems, and so provided the background for much later work, both his own and that of many others.
Transformed Human Brain Cells in Culture as a Model for Brain Tumors

Brain tumor tissue provides a wealth of information as to the genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with the disease. The information provided, however, is by nature correlative, and as a result, investigators have turned to manipulable systems in which defined genetic alterations can be sequentially introduced and monitored for effect. While much of this work involves the use of animal models, a significant and growing number of investigators are turning to the use of cultured human brain cell systems. This review summarizes the benefits and limitations of such an approach, describes important recent findings derived from the use of defined human cells in the study of gliomagenesis, and highlights some new and innovative approaches that may ultimately help link gliomagenesis to normal differentiation and stem cell biology.
The neuropeptide NMU amplifies ILC2-driven allergic lung inflammation

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) both contribute to mucosal homeostasis and initiate pathologic inflammation in allergic asthma. However, the signals that direct ILC2s to promote homeostasis versus inflammation are unclear. To identify such molecular cues, we profiled mouse lung-resident ILCs using single-cell RNA sequencing at steady state and after in vivo stimulation with the alarmin cytokines IL-25 and IL-33. ILC2s were transcriptionally heterogeneous after activation, with subpopulations distinguished by expression of proliferative, homeostatic and effector genes. The neuropeptide receptor Nmur1 was preferentially expressed by ILC2s at steady state and after IL-25 stimulation. Neuromedin U (NMU), the ligand of NMUR1, activated ILC2s in vitro, and in vivo co-administration of NMU with IL-25 strongly amplified allergic inflammation. Loss of NMU-NMUR1 signalling reduced ILC2 frequency and effector function, and altered transcriptional programs following allergen challenge in vivo. Thus, NMUR1 signalling promotes inflammatory ILC2 responses, highlighting the importance of neuro-immune crosstalk in allergic inflammation at mucosal surfaces.
Growing Tensions Among United Nations Agencies

The structure of the United Nations and its specialized agencies, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), and internal disagreements over how best to address the AIDS pandemic made coordination difficult and challenged WHO's leadership of the global response. This chapter discusses the particular conflict between the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and WHO, and UNDP’s decision to launch its own global AIDS program, which resulted in competing strategies and requests for funding. In addition, GPA was faced with the behavior of its donors, such as the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), developing their own bilateral AIDS programs and desiring more control over AIDS funding. All this occurred as GPA was coming under more and more scrutiny and external criticism.
Effect of Weight Extremes on Ventricular Volumes and Myocardial Strain in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot as Measured by CMR.

Pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF-TAP) is often based on cardiac MRI (CMR) right ventricular (RV) volumes indexed to body surface area (BSA). Weight extremes result in increased patient morbidity and affect indexed measurements. We hypothesized that patients with rTOF-TAP at extremes of weight have (1) over- or underestimated indexed volumes and (2) altered parameters of cardiac function. CMRs in patients with rTOF-TAP were retrospectively reviewed; analysis included right and left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fractions (EF) and peak global LV circumferential strain (e cc) from myocardial tagged images. Indexed volumes were recalculated using ideal BSA. Weight categories were assigned: underweight, appropriate weight, overweight, and obese. Linear regression models with weight category, spline of age, and gender were created to assess the association of weight and parameters of volume and function. When RV volumes were corrected for ideal BSA, 11 (31%) additional overweight and obese patients met published criteria for PVR and 3 (38%) underweight patients no longer met criteria. Obese and overweight patients had larger absolute LV and RV diastolic volumes, but no difference in volumes indexed to ideal BSA. Modeling demonstrated no difference in LVEF or RVEF by weight categories but significant differences in global LV e cc. Extremes of body weight may result in inappropriate timing of PVR. Extremes of weight lead to abnormalities in global LV e cc. Although clinical implications of abnormal e cc are unclear, these patients may be at higher risk for early ventricular dysfunction.
Environmental Management in Bulgarian Agriculture – Modes, Efficiency, Perspectives

This paper presents the evolution of diverse modes of environmental management in Bulgarian agriculture, and assesses their efficiency and likely prospects of development. First, it analyzes the pace of development and the impact(s) on individual behavior of the major modes of environmental governance – that is: (i) institutional environment (distribution and enforcement of property, user, trading etc. rights and rules); (ii) private and collective modes (diverse private initiatives, and contractual and organizational arrangements); (iii) market modes (various decentralized initiatives governed by “free” market price movements and market competition); (iv) public modes (different forms of Government, community, international etc. intervention). Second, it assesses the impact(s) of dominating systems of governance on the state of environment and identifies the major eco-challenges, conflicts and risks such as an increased competition for natural resources, degradation and contamination of farmland, pollution of surface and groundwater, loss of biodiversity, deterioration of (agro)eco-systems services etc. Third, it projects likely evolution of environmental management in the specific “Bulgarian” economic, institutional and natural environment, and estimates its probable effect(s) on environmental security, and suggests recommendations for institutional modernization and public policies improvement.
The Consequences of Social Inequality: Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in Honduran Miskito Communities

This chapter examines maternal health in coastal Miskito communities using an anthropological perspective. Miskito women who live in Gracias a Dios, the least populated and least developed department in Honduras, contend with multiple obstacles to safe motherhood, including infectious and noninfectious disease, economic insecurity, limited emergency obstetric care, poor transportation infrastructure, and high fertility. Ethnographic data collected during participant observation, four community discussions, individual interviews with 218 women and five midwives, 314 health assessments, and a maternal mortality survey are used to identify and explain the risks indigenous women encounter during pregnancy and childbirth. As in other vulnerable populations, poverty, inadequate health care resources, gender inequality, and young maternal age contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality in Miskito communities. These factors affect women’s health both directly and indirectly by influencing whether they experience complications and if they are able to withstand and recover from complications. Local beliefs about sorcery and witchcraft also affect health-related behaviors, including whether women seek prenatal care at health centers or travel to hospitals to give birth. Designing and carrying out effective interventions to prevent maternal morbidity and mortality depend on understanding local conditions and women’s complex social realities.
Long-Term Impact of Regional Nodal Irradiation in Patients With Node-Positive Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy.

Purpose The impact of regional nodal irradiation (RNI) on locoregional recurrence (LRR) and any disease recurrence (DR) in women with node-positive breast cancer who receive neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAT) is unknown. Methods and Materials The impact of RNI on LRR and DR was estimated with the cumulative incidence method in 1289 women with stage II to III breast cancer with cytologically confirmed axillary metastases who received NAT between 1989 and 2007. Multicovariate Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of RNI after accounting for other predictive and prognostic variables. Results The median follow-up after definitive surgery was 10.2 years. Axillary pathologic complete response (pCR) was observed in 368 of 1289 patients (28.5%). On univariate analysis, axillary pCR reduced 10-year LRR risk from 9.7% to 4.8% (P = .006) and DR risk from 43.0% to 17.0% (P Conclusions Adjuvant RNI reduces risk of LRR and DR in patients with breast cancer with axillary metastases who receive NAT across subtypes and particularly decreases the risk of DR in HER2+ breast cancer treated with trastuzumab. Enrollment on the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-51/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 1304 protocol is encouraged to help determine whether RNI can be omitted in patients with axillary pCR to NAT.
DNA damage checkpoints: implications for cancer therapy.

DNA damage evokes a complex array of cellular responses, including cycle arrest in late G1 and/or G2 phases, and delayed progression through S phase. Arrest at these points in the cell cycle is governed, in large part, by a series of control systems, commonly termed “checkpoints”. Activation of these checkpoints tends to protect cells from DNA damage by providing cells additional time to complete DNA repair. We discuss the impact of these DNA damage checkpoints on the chemosensitivity of human cancer cells. We focus on some of the complexities of the p53-dependent Gl checkpoint and review some recently discovered vulnerabilities in p53 disrupted cells that might be pharmacologically exploited for cancer treatment.
Chinese Buddhist Religious Disputation

From about the fourth to the tenth century Buddhist monks in China engaged in formal, semi-public, religious disputation. I describe the Indian origins of this disputation and outline its settings, procedures, and functions. I then propose that this disputation put its participants at risk of performative contradiction with Buddhist tenets about language and salvation, and I illustrate how some chinese Buddhists attempted to transcend these contradictions, subverting disputation through creative linguistic and extra- linguistic strategies.
Varicella zoster virus infections in children after the introduction of live attenuated varicella vaccine.

Purpose of reviewVaricella zoster virus is the cause of both varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles). A live attenuated varicella vaccine was developed in 1974 and was approved in 1995 by the United States Food and Drug Administration for administration to both healthy children (>12 mont
Cardinal Preference Aggregation Rules for the Case of Certainty

This paper presents a theory of cardinal social welfare functions for choices of certain consequences. This development parallels the social welfare theory for choices among risky consequences based on the assumption of social choice preferences consistent with the von Neumann-Morgenstern axioms. In the case of certainty, however, this axiomatic base is replaced with one from the theory of difference measurement. The result allows expressions of “strength of preference” to be explicitly incorporated into decision rules for social choice. Included are specifications of the independence conditions that imply additive, multiplicative, and more complicated forms of cardinal social welfare functions.
Standard representations for chemical information

This paper will give a brief historical survey of the development of standard notations for chemical structures, including structure diagrams, nomenclature and line notations. The more recent development of standard computer formats for the representation of chemical structures and associated data will then be discussed, and the paper will conclude with a summary of the present state, and future prospects, of a standard connection table format for the exchange of data.
P024Sensitization by stem cell infusion: A case study

A 70 yo male with patient medical history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, colonic polyps s/p resection, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and biopsy-proven idiopathic pulmonary, was evaluated for lung transplantation. The patient denied any sensitization events including transplantation, transfusion, prior surgery, and infection during the initial evaluation. However, both phenotype ID beads based and single antigen beads based testing showed only one weak HLA-A2 antibody (MFI = 2500, cPRA = 0% for antibodies with MFI > 5000). 3 month later, we performed another single antigen testing and the patient became highly sensitized (cPRA = 94% for antibodies with MFI > 5000). MFI of HLA-A2 antibody soared to 21,000 and HLA-A2 was C1q binding antibody. The patient also displayed antibodies against HLA-A23, A24, A68, A69 and other HLA-A locus antibodies. In addition, the patient had antibodies against HLA-Cw7 and Cw17. We were puzzled by the development of strong antibodies without a clear sensitization event. We decided to repeat antibody testing on a new sample one month later. During this period, the patient acknowledged that he received stem cell infusion several times for his wellbeing. The repeated single antigen testing confirmed the previous antibody findings. After explanation, the patient agreed to stop stem cell infusion. Single antigen testing 6 wks after the last stem cell infusion showed that the antibody level remained high. A decision was made to wait to see if the antibodies would reduce over time. Unfortunately, the patient passed away one month since the last antibody testing. Stem cells infusion was thought to be at low immunological risk due to the low level of HLA expression, but this case demonstrated that stem cells can stimulate antibody production effectively. No HLA class II antibody was detected during the entire course, which is in consistence with the previous finding that HLA class II antigens are not expressed on the surface of stem cells.
Advances in site-specific gene editing for primary immune deficiencies.

Purpose of reviewConventional gene therapy has been a successful, curative treatment modality for many primary immune deficiencies with significant improvements in the last decade. However, the risk of leukemic transformation with viral-mediated gene addition still remains, and unregulated gene addi
The Celibate Athlete: Athletic Metaphors, Medical Thought, and Sexual Abstinence in the Second and Third Centuries CE

In this article, I propose a new way of interpreting athletic metaphors in early Christian literature. I argue that the metaphorical figure of the athlete would have evoked for ancient readers not simply the ideas of competitive struggle, but also the idea of sexual abstinence, a lifestyle choice closely associated with athletes in the Greco-Roman world. The article collects and discusses evidence for the practice of athletic celibacy, drawing together a disparate collection of medical and philosophical literature, with Christian sources, from the second and third centuries CE. It demonstrates that athletic celibacy was a familiar concept in this period, and that many observers were interested in the methods that athletes used to control their sexual urges, including applying lead plates to their loin muscles. The treatment of this evidence suggests that there was greater interest in sexual abstinence among non-Christians than has previously been understood, and that athletes were implicated in controversies about whether or not total abstention from sex was a healthy lifestyle choice. As such, I argue that it is plausible to regard the athletic imagery of early Christians not only as a metaphorical comparison between two kinds of strident individuals, but also as advocacy for the celibate life as the most healthful lifestyle.
Do Schools Promote Executive Functions? Differential Working Memory Growth Across School-Year and Summer Months:

Children’s working memory (WM) skills, which support both academic and social success, continue to improve significantly through the school years. This study leverages the first nationally represen...
Inorganic‐Base‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and 3,5‐Disubstituted Cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ones.

Ketones such as pentan-3-one, 1-hydroxypropan-2-one, and 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-one do not react to the corresponding cyclohex-2-en-1-ones under Ba(OH)2-catalysis.
Cytokine Modulation of Glucose Metabolism

Cellular elements of the immune system orchestrate the host-defense response against invading microorganisms through the production of an array of protein mediators, called cytokines. In this process, cytokines not only direct leukocytic elements against infectious agents, but also modulate the cardiovascular and metabolic response to infection. Generally, the immune response benefits the host’s overall fight against foreign invaders, but as a positive feedback system it can be detrimental to host survival under severe conditions.
Telomere Dysfunction Drives Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction Pathology

ABSTRACT Rationale Telomere dysfunction is associated with multiple fibrotic lung processes, including chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) which is a major limitation to long-term survival following lung transplantation. Although shorter donor telomere lengths are associated with an increased risk of CLAD, it is unknown whether short telomeres are a cause or consequence of CLAD pathology. Objective Our objective was to test whether telomere dysfunction contributes to pathologic changes seen in CLAD. Methods and Results Histopathologic and molecular analysis of human CLAD lungs demonstrated shortened telomeres in lung epithelial cells quantified by teloFISH, increased numbers of surfactant protein C immunoreactive type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), and increased expression of senescence markers (beta-galactosidase, p16, p53 and p21) in lung epithelial cells. Telomere repeat binding factor 1 flox/flox (TRF1F/F) mice were crossed with tamoxifen inducible SCGB1a1-cre mice to generate SCGB1a1-creTRF1 F/F mice. Following 9 months of tamoxifen-induced deletion of TRF1 in club cells, mice developed mixed obstructive and restrictive lung physiology, small airway obliteration on micro-computed tomography, a 4-fold decrease in telomere length in airway epithelial cells, collagen deposition around bronchioles and adjacent lung parenchyma, increased type II AEC numbers, expression of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase in epithelial cells and decreased SCGB1a1 expression in airway epithelial cells. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that telomere dysfunction isolated to club cells leads to airway-centric lung remodeling and fibrosis similar to that observed in patients with CLAD and suggest that lung epithelial cell telomere dysfunction may be a molecular driver of CLAD.
The Safety and Feasibility of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Mild Acute Ischemic Stroke With Large Vessel Occlusion

BACKGROUND Prospective evidence to support mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for mild ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO) is lacking. There is uncertainty about using an invasive procedure in patients with mild symptoms. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and feasibility of MT in patients with mild symptoms and LVO. METHODS Our single-arm prospective pilot study recruited patients with LVO and initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) <6, who underwent standard MT. Primary safety endpoints were symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and/or worsening NIHSS by ≥4 points. Secondary endpoints included angiographic recanalization, NIHSS change, final infarct volume, and modified Rankin score (mRS). RESULTS We enrolled 20 patients (mean age 65.6 ± 12.3 yr; 45% females). Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia 2B/3 thrombectomy was achieved in 95%. No patients suffered sICH. One patient (5%) had neurologic worsening within 24 h because of underlying intracranial stenosis. No other complications or safety concerns were identified. Median NIHSS was significantly better at discharge (0.5, P = .007) and at last follow-up (0, P < .001) than before treatment (3). Mean post vs preintervention infarct volumes were small without significant difference (1.2 ml, P = .434). Most patients (85%) were discharged directly home. Excellent clinical outcome (mRS 0-1) at last follow-up was seen in 95% of patients. CONCLUSION This is one of the first specifically designed prospective studies showing that MT is safe and feasible in patients with low NIHSS and LVO. Chronic underlying vasculopathy may be a challenging dilemma. We observed excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes, but randomized controlled trials are needed to demonstrate the efficacy of MT in this unique cohort.
The no-wait flow shop with rejection

We consider the no-wait flow shop scheduling problem with rejection. We first show how to augment the travelling salesman problem formulation for the no-wait flow shop minimum makespan problem to i...
Printing direction dependent microstructures in direct ink writing

Abstract Direct ink writing enables deposition of multiphase filaments with designed microstructures. Using acoustophoresis, we establish a narrow distribution of microparticles at the center of a direct-write nozzle. The distribution shifts and widens after deposition depending on the printing direction. We use particle image velocimetry and digital image analysis to identify flows transverse to the printing direction and characterize particle distributions in the printed filament. Sources of direction-dependent effects include square nozzles, co-deposition of support material, a rotationally asymmetric microstructure established in the nozzle, and speed inaccuracies that occur in 3-axis gantries. We propose an analytical model for predicting print direction-dependent flows and particle distributions as a function of anisotropy of the particle distribution in the nozzle, a disturbed zone near the nozzle, fluid reshaping of the print bead, uniform rotation of the print bead, calibration of the ink and support nozzle positions, and 3D printer motor error. Using the model, we propose strategies for controlling direction dependent microstructures in direct ink writing. The analytical model can be easily adapted to similar direct-write applications to diagnose sources of direction dependent microstructures.
Literary Representations of Parental Investment: Fitness Quandaries and Strategic Decisions

The long period of juvenile dependency in humans means (a) there is high correlation between parental investment and parental fitness and (b) such investment is costly (Trivers, 2002b). Because investment decisions regarding offspring are closely tied to ultimate fitness goals—and central, therefore, to an individual’s life history—we can expect to find works of imaginative literature grappling with the trade-offs parents must consider. Drawing largely on materials from the British and American canons, this chapter investigates the evolutionary logic behind variable allocation of care and resources to children. Topics include maternal vs. paternal investment, the presence or absence of co-parents, reasons for favoring one child over another, the influence of environmental conditions, and children’s gender, birth order, health, legitimacy, or phenotype. The fictional worlds of literature invite readers to rehearse and assess possible responses to a wide range of parenting dilemmas.
Premature mortality associated with severe mental illness or substance use disorder in an integrated health care system.

Abstract Objective Research has reported shortened lifespans (by 15–30 years) for those with severe mental illness (SMI) or substance use disorder (SUD), particularly among public mental health treatment consumers. We assessed SMI- and SUD-associated mortality in the understudied setting of a large, nonprofit integrated health care system. Method This retrospective cohort study examined 2010–2017 health system and death records for 564,592 adult patients. Half had SMI/SUD diagnosis; half were a demographically matched comparison group without SMI, other mental health, or SUD diagnoses. We estimated mortality risks, adjusting for demographic and physical health factors. Results Having SMI or SUD was associated with higher odds of death (adjusted odds ratio = 1.87) and an average 6.3 years of earlier death relative to comparison individuals. Co-occurring SMI and SUD conferred higher mortality risk from major natural and unnatural causes than did SMI with no SUD. Conclusions Some indicators of premature mortality were lower than those reported for U.S. public mental health consumers, but risk level varied widely by diagnosis. While patients' having insurance and broad access to care may lower risk, access to care may be insufficient to overcome the many patient-, provider-, and system-level factors contributing to poor physical health in SMI and SUD.