cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complications of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Stroke in the SWIFT Trial with Solitaire and Merci Devices

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Treatment of patients with ischemic stroke after endovascular treatment requires in-depth knowledge of complications. The goal of this study was to make endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke safer through an in-depth review of the major periprocedural complications observed in the Solitaire FR With Intention for Thrombectomy (SWIFT) trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SWIFT data base was searched for major peri-procedural complications defined as symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 36 hours, SAH, air emboli, vessel dissection, major groin complications, and emboli to new vascular territories. RESULTS: Major peri-procedural complications occurred in 18 of 144 patients (12.5%) as follows: symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, 4.9%; air emboli, 1.4%; vessel dissection, 4.2%; major groin complications, 2.8%; and emboli to new vascular territories, 0.7%. Rates of symptomatic intracranial bleeding by subtype were PH1, 0.7%; PH2, 0.7% (PH1 indicates hematoma within ischemic field with some mild space-occupying effect but involving ≤30% of the infarcted area; PH2, hematoma within ischemic field with space-occupying effect involving >30% of the infarcted area); intracranial hemorrhage remote from ischemic zone, 0%; intraventricular hemorrhage, 0.7%; and SAH, 3.5%. We did not observe any statistically significant associations of peri-procedural complications with age; type of treatment center; duration of stroke symptoms; NIHSS score, IV thrombolytics, atrial fibrillation, site of vessel occlusion; rescue therapy administered after endovascular treatment; or device. Comparing the Merci with the Solitaire FR retrieval device, we observed symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage (10.9% versus 1.1%; P = .013); symptomatic SAH (7.3% versus 1.1%; P = .07), air emboli (1.8% versus 1.1%; P = 1.0), emboli to new vascular territories (1.8% versus 0%; P = .38), vessel dissection (1.8% versus 4.5%; P = .65), and major groin complications (3.6% versus 7.9%; P = .48). Angiographic vasospasm was common but without clinical sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding of procedural complications is important for treatment of patients with stroke after endovascular treatment. We observed fewer endovascular complications with the Solitaire FR device treatment compared with Merci device treatment, particularly symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage.
Conjugate addition/cyclization sequence enables selective and simultaneous fluorescence detection of cysteine and homocysteine.

Biological thiols are essential for maintaining the appropriate redox status of proteins, cells, and organisms.[1] Cysteine (Cys) is an essential amino acid that is involved in protein synthesis, detoxification, and metabolism. Elevated levels of Cys have been associated with neurotoxicity,[2] and Cys deficiency is involved in slowed growth rate, hair depigmentation, edema, lethargy, liver damage, muscle and fat loss, skin lesions, and weakness.[3] Homocysteine (Hcy) has been implicated in various types of vascular and renal diseases. Elevated Hcy in the blood (>12 µm) is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular[4a] and Alzheimer’s disease,[4b] neutral tube defects, complications during pregnancy, inflammatory bowel disease, and osteoporosis.[4c] Because Cys and Hcy levels are associated with different diseases despite their similar structures, their discrimination is necessary.
Testing Lesniaski's Revised Brief Test

In 2004, Lesniaski revised White's Brief Test methodology for smaller academic libraries that lack sufficient subject specialist librarians to perform the brief tests as originally proposed by White. As a part of regular collection development, Cowles Library implemented Lesniaski's Brief Tests on the print monograph collection. While primarily a review of Lesniaski's methodology, this article also discusses how the Brief Tests were used for improved collection evaluation and maintenance.
Performance study of shift-folding skewing schemes for interleaved memory systems

If computer system main memory modules can be arranged so that they constitute several independently working modules, then it would allow overlapping of multiple memory accesses and the simultaneous sharing of memory among several processors and peripherals. To take full advantage of this parallelism, addresses must be distributed across the modules in a way that minimizes congestion. Functions of the form f: A to M, where A is the domain of addresses and M is the domain of module numbers, are called skewing functions. The correct choice of f can satisfy the need of minimal congestion. Skewing schemes of a particular type are shown to be similar to shift-folding hashing functions. A recent proposal by researchers at Rice University is extended and shown to be a shift-folding function. The scheme was evaluated using the codes from the Livermore Fortran kernels with the help of a general memory module simulator. The results seem to indicate a 50% utilization of the potential parallelism, in situations similar to this code where the programs are not fully vectorizable. >
The Role of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Managed-Care Decisions

This article considers the role of cost-effectiveness studies in the formulary and disease-state management decisions of managed-care entities. In a recently published symposium volume [Soc Sci Med 1997; 45 (4): 505-647], US managed-care entities were found to be among the leaders in applying cost-effectiveness studies to healthcare decisions. At the same time, a number of barriers were identified that hinder their wider usage in the managed-care sector. These factors are analysed in this paper along with the prospects for future changes. The potential roles for government policy in this area are also discussed in the final section of the article. REVIEW ARTICLE
Law, custom and community-based natural resource management in Kubulau District (Fiji).

National laws and institutions interact with local governance systems to encourage CBNRM in some cases while creating conflict in others. A case study of Kubulau District (Bua Province, Fiji) illustrates the challenges and successes of implementing traditional community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) within a pluralist legal and institutional context. In 2005, the communities of Kubulau established a network of protected areas, including 17 traditional closures (tabu), three no-take district marine reserves, a legally–declared forest reserve and a proposed forest reserve, managed under an integrated ‘ridge-to-reef’ plan. Marine and terrestrial areas in Kubulau illustrate synergies and discord between national laws and community management rules, and provide examples of management success and conflict. Key components influencing diverse management outcomes in Kubulau include (1) the legal status of customary resource tenure, (2) incorporation of local knowledge, traditions and priorities, (3) clearly articulated relationships between local decision-making processes and government regulation, and (4) perceived equity in distribution of management benefits. Legal and institutional reforms are proposed to improve management of natural resources in Fiji.
The Traveling Salesman Problem with Neighborhoods: MINLP solution

The traveling salesman problem with neighborhoods extends the traveling salesman problem to the case where each vertex of the tour is allowed to move in a given region. This NP-hard optimization problem has recently received increasing attention in several technical elds such as robotics, unmanned aerial vehicles, or utility management. In this paper, the problem is formulated as a nonconvex Mixed-Integer NonLinear Program (MINLP) having the property that xing all the integer variables to any integer values yields a convex nonlinear program. This property is used to modify the global MINLP optimizer Couenne, improving by orders of magnitude its performance and allowing the exact solution of instances large enough to be useful in applications. Computational results are presented where neighborhoods are either polyhedra or ellipsoids in R 2 or R 3 and with the Euclidean
A Political Analysis of Legal Pluralism in Bolivia and Colombia

In this article the author compares recent efforts in Bolivia and Colombia to implement constitutionally mandated regimes of legal pluralism, and identifies the most important factors affecting the practical realisation of legal pluralism: the capacity of the political system, the legal tradition and society to tolerate normative diversity; the geographic isolation and cultural alienation of indigenous communities; the degree of internal division within indigenous communities and movements regarding legal pluralism in general, and in specific cases, that have arisen, and the availability of effective legal mechanisms to indigenous communities seeking to protect this right.
Kinetic study of thermally induced inulin gel

Heated inulin solution undergoes a sol-gel transition during cooling and forms a white smooth gel under optimized conditions. The degree of gel formation is negatively related to hydrolysis of inulin during heating. Heating makes inulin soluble; overheating causes hydrolysis of dissolved inulin into smaller molecules. Using a 2-step model including a solubilization step and a hydrolysis of inulin step, we found that both steps follow pseudo first-order kinetics. Separate studies on initial rates of the solubilization and hydrolysis of inulin steps at constant temperatures show that the solubilization rate of inulin is much faster than that of the hydrolysis of inulin. Gel formation of inulin may be related to the average chain length of inulin after heating. L'inuline est un compose interessant en tant que substitut glucidique de matiere grasse car il genere peu de calorie quand il est metabolise. Le principal objectif de cette recherche est d'etudier les cinetiques de formation de gel inuline par des procedes thermiques (chauffage puis refroidissement) pour optimiser la formation de gel et l'utilisation de ce gel en tant que substitut de matiere grasse. Le taux de formation du gel est negativement relie a l'hydrolyse de l'inuline pendant le chauffage. Les etapes de solubilisation et d'hydrolyse sont etudiees.
Degeneracy inherent in the observational determination of the dark energy equation of state

Using a specific model for the expansion rate of the Universe as a function of scale factor, it is demonstrated that the equation of state of the dark energy cannot be determined uniquely from observations at redshifts $z\ensuremath{\lesssim}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{}\mathrm{few}$ unless the fraction of the mass density of the Universe in nonrelativistic particles, ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{M},$ somehow can be found independently. A phenomenological model is employed to discuss the utility of additional constraints from the formation of large scale structure and the positions of cosmic microwave background peaks in breaking the degeneracy among models for the dark energy.
Mci Communications Corp.: Capital Structure Theory (B)

After five months of a fairly relaxed work schedule, Katzu Mizuno found himself wrapped up in an intense analysis. A first-year associate at Lynch Investments, Mizuno had received a morning phone call in February 1996. The caller was his boss, Anna Curti. The subject was a long-time customer, MCI. In contrast to the booming stock market, the performance of MCIs share price had been underwhelming. The board of directors had recently discussed repurchasing shares in order to bolster shareholder value. However, cash was tight. If MCI intended to implement a stock repurchase program within the next six months, the company would have to use debt financing to supply the cash. While the current debt-to-equity ratio of 40% was arguably below the industry average and MCI had excess debt capacity, the decision was far from simple. MCI had contacted Lynch to provide an analysis and recommendation regarding the proposed debt issue and stock repurchase. Curti needed to respond quickly, which gave Mizuno little time. The board planned to disclose the details of its plan to improve shareholder value by the end of next week. Any recommendation and accompanying analysis would be intensely scrutinized. The heat was clearly on. As Mizuno labored to complete and refine the analysis in front of him, heavy on his mind was how he would relay his findings to Anna Curti. What information and resources would she need in order to advise the client on whether to move forward with the plan?
Wising Up: 'Son of Sam' Laws and the Speech and Press Clauses

"Son of Sam" laws aim to compensate victims of crime by awarding them the income earned when the criminals who injured them sell the stories of their illegal exploits to the media. The prevalence of these statutes, which forty-three states and the federal government have enacted, reflects overwhelming popular approval of their underlying policy: "the victim must be more important than the criminal. "The broad reach of "Son of Sam" provisions, however, raises the question whether this well-meant social legislation impermissibly burdens constitutionally protected rights of free expression.In this Article, Garrett Epps relates the tale of New York mobster Henry Hill, the writing of his autobiographical book Wiseguy, and the litigation it spawned. The Hill saga illustrates the conflict between preventing criminals from profiting at the expense of their victims and protecting the First Amendment rights of criminal authors. Mr. Epps first surveys the breadth of "Son of Sam" statutes, identifying the complex issues of free speech and press they create. He then recounts the history of the Wiseguy case, pointing out the confused approaches that state and lower federal courts have taken when analyzing the constitutionality of "Son of Sam" statutes. Mr. Epps resolves this confusion by noting that "Son of Sam" laws are targeted at the content of expressive activity, and therefore are subject to the strict-scrutiny analysis required by Supreme Court precedent. He asserts that although the sweeping "Son of Sam" statutes further a legitimate governmental interest in compensating victims of crime, they are not narrowly tailored to achieve that goal because they do not attach to a criminal's assets generally, but only to the proceeds from his literary ventures. Mr. Epps argues further that, even if "Son of Sam" laws are not unconstitutional per se, the overbreadth of many such statutes violates the Speech and Press Clauses. In particular, he contends that sequestering the proceeds of publishers and others who contract with criminal authors constitutes both a prior restraint and a licensing of publishers in violation of the First Amendment. Mr. Epps concludes that the rights of even criminal authors are firmly rooted in the Constitution. He thus calls for a "wising up" with regard to the constitutional issues raised by the Wiseguy case and for the striking down of "Son of Sam" laws as unjustifiable restrictions on free speech and a free press.
Group delay statistics and management in mode-division multiplexing

Reduction of the group delay (GD) spread is crucial for minimizing multi-input multi-output (MIMO) signal processing complexity in mode-division multiplexing (MDM) systems using multi-mode fibers (MMFs). In this paper, we focus on GD statistics and management techniques. First, we review the generalized Jones and Stokes representations for modeling propagation in MMF, and describe key GD properties derived using the two representations. Then, we describe three approaches for GD management: (a) optimized fiber design, (b) mode coupling and (c) GD compensation. For approach (a), we explain design principles for minimizing the GD spread. We review experimental results to date, showing that fabrication non-idealities significantly increase the GD spread, and this approach alone may not achieve sufficiently low GD spread. For approach (b), we describe mechanisms for inducing intragroup and intergroup coupling. We describe mode scrambler designs based on photonic lanterns or long-period fiber gratings, both of which can ensure strong intergroup coupling. For approach (c), we review GD-compensated system design principles and show that GD compensation is only partially effective in the presence of random intragroup or intergroup coupling. We provide design guidelines for minimizing MIMO signal processing complexity in MDM systems.
Engraftment syndrome: a common cause for rash and fever following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis.

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently being evaluated as a therapy for patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) at risk of debilitating neurological impairment. While preliminary results from a few studies have been reported, little is known about toxicities or outcome of HSCT for MS. We report a relatively frequent triad of non-infectious fever, rash and fatigue or lassitude that may also be associated with pruritis, pulmonary symptoms, and eosinophilia and frequently occurs around engraftment. This syndrome occurred in 26% of our series of patients (5/19) undergoing HSCT for multiple sclerosis. The engraftment syndrome is usually self-limited but may require intervention with systemic corticosteroids. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2002) 29, 81–85. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1703324
Hypochondriasis, loneliness, and social functioning

For 69 community college students, scores on the Hypochondriasis Scale correlated .44 with those on the UCLA Loneliness Scale, and .53 with problems in social functioning. These data are consistent with DSM-III—R listings of poor coping and social skills for hypochondriacal personality.
Complex System Design Verification Using Assumption Generation

In the era of large complex systems with continuous and discrete event components, it is critical to establish a complete design verification strategy to determine whether a system satisfies certain safety properties. However, traditional approaches for the verification of such a complex system lack the ability to take into account all possible system states, efficiently model all component interactions, and accurately quantify the risks and uncertainties. This paper presents a methodology for system-level design of complex systems verification based on compositional model checking. This methodology relies on assumption generation and on the domain independent compositional rules for correctness proof of the design of physical systems. The objective is to present a case study for applying the existing automated compositional verification techniques and observing the characteristics of the verification model. The main advantage of this method is that it enables the designer to verify the safety properties of the system without requiring the detail knowledge of the internal actions of the system. The under-approximate context model of the system design is constructed and, in an iterative approach, its safety properties are analyzed until a violation of a property is found and an execution trace called a counter example is produced. In the case of safety requirements violation, the early generation of counter examples leads to faster design verification.© 2013 ASME
Responses of the Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera postica, to Controlled Environments

Alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyll.), eggs, larvae, and pupae collected in New York were subjected to controlled environments in which temperatures and relative humidities were constant. High humidity was more favorable for egg hatch than low humidity at temperatures ranging from 12° to 36° C. Larval development was more than eight times as rapid at 36° as at 12° C. On prepupae and pupae, low temperatures together with low moisture levels were the most destructive environments. The responses to controlled environments of weevil stages in New York were not appreciably different from those reported for the Western United States.
On the Formation and Relationship of Ad and Brand Attitudes: An Experimental and Causal Analysis:

The unique influence of attitude toward the ad on brand attitude often has been viewed as simply reflecting the impact of peripheral persuasion. The authors’ research challenges such a conception. ...
Long-Term Outcomes of Patients Who Had Cardiac Arrest After Cardiac Operations.

Background Cardiac arrest after cardiac procedures has a case fatality rate of approximately 60%. However, the long-term risk of death and outcomes among survivors of postoperative cardiac arrest is less clear. Methods We examined the mortality and outcomes of 6,979 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac operations from 1991 to 2014 in the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System. Results Cardiac arrest occurred in 182 patients (2.6%) at a median of 3 days (range, 0 to 39 days) after the operation. Of these, 93 (51%) died during the same hospitalization, and an additional 24 (13%) died within 1 year. Mortality at 30 days (51% vs 1.9%; p p p p p p = 0.14) higher risk among those who survived 1 year after the operation. Being discharged to a facility (hazard ratio, 3.97; 95% CI, 1.52 to 10.32; p = 0.005) and renal dysfunction (hazard ratio, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.42 to 7.89; p = 0.006) were independent predictors of death amongst cardiac arrest survivors. Conclusions Long-term mortality remains high in patients discharged alive after postoperative cardiac arrest. Discharge disposition and renal dysfunction after cardiac arrest have important prognostic implications.
Pedicled lower extremity fillet flap for coverage of massive pelvic wounds

Summary Fillet flaps are traditionally harvested from nonsalvagable extremities to reconstruct complex soft tissue defects. This method results in minimal donor site morbidity, and can be effective in reconstructing large pelvic wounds requiring significant soft tissue coverage. Here, we present their application in three young patients with extensive pelvic wounds secondary to trauma and its sequelae. In each case, neurologic injury limited limb function, and fillet flaps were used to fill soft tissue defects and pad bony prominences. The fillet flaps have been successful in providing wound coverage in all cases, and have all remained intact to date, with a mean follow up time of 29 months. These results demonstrate a role for fillet flaps in the management challenging pelvic wounds, as they can provide both satisfactory tissue coverage and improved functional outcomes.
Leukoregulin down-regulates type I collagen mRNA levels and promoter activity in human dermal fibroblasts, and counteracts the up-regulation elicited by transforming growth factor-beta.

Leukoregulin (LR), a T-cell-derived growth factor, modulates fibroblast functions in vitro [Mauviel, Redini, Hartmann, Loyau & Pujol (1991) J. Cell Biol. 113, 1455-1462]. In the present study, incubation of human dermal fibroblasts with LR (0.1-2 units/ml) resulted in decreases in the mRNA steady-state levels for alpha 1(I), alpha 2(I) and alpha 1(III), but not alpha 2(V), collagen genes. LR also down-regulated alpha 2(I) collagen promoter activity in transient cell transfections of control cells as well as those incubated with transforming growth factor-beta, a potent up-regulator of collagen type I gene expression. Thus LR is a strong inhibitor of type I collagen gene expression, acting at the level of transcription.
Evaluation of localization uncertainty of fiducial markers due to length and position variations induced by motion in CT imaging by measurement and modeling.

PURPOSE To quantify the variations in the length and position of fiducial markers induced by motion in axial (ACT), helical (HCT) and cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging and associated uncertainty in image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) by measurement and modeling. METHODS A mobile thorax phantom containing markers of various lengths was imaged using ACT, HCT and CBCT imaging. The phantom was imaged while stationary and moving where it was moved sinusoidally with different motion amplitudes and frequency. An analytical motion model was developed that predicts the localization accuracy of IGRT based on fiducial markers in mobile phantom with ACT, HCT and CBCT. RESULTS The apparent lengths of the markers varied with the different motion patterns and CT imaging modalities. In CBCT, the apparent length of the markers increased linearly with the motion amplitude for both half-fan and full-fan modes. In HCT and ACT, the apparent length of the markers increased or decreased non-linearly with motion parameters and speed of the imaging couch. When the marker moved opposed to couch motion the apparent lengths decreased, while they increased when the phantom moved along the direction of the imaging couch as predicted by the motion model. The position of marker centers did not shift and distance between makers did not change in CBCT images. However, in HCT and ACT, the position of marker center and distance between markers varied depending on motion parameters during imaging. The marker center could move superiorly or inferiorly and the distance between markers could increase or decrease depending on the phase of motion as predicted by the motion model. CONCLUSIONS The variations of marker length and position due to phantom motion were quantified by measurement and modeling. These variations may lead to large positioning uncertainties in patient setup and tumor localization based on IGRT with fiducial marker registration.
Gold content of sub-image centres in a AgBr emulsion

AbstractTn a sulpllur-plus-gold-sellsitized AgBr emliision exposed at higll intellsity, most sllb-image centres contain gold. Tile celltres are detected by normal development after tile exposed grair,s are latensified with low-intensity light. A dilute solution of KCN is used as a bath to remove gold from the centres. It is suggested that the important two-atom centre formed by high-i,ltel1sity exposure of this emulsion is AgAu, and lI,at the clwracteristics of this centre are important in determillillg the high efficiency with which cenltres form.
Solvation Dynamics of Concentrated Aqueous Polymer Mixtures: A Two Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy Study

Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy is used to explore the chemical dynamics of crowded polymer mixtures. An unattached transition metal carbonyl molecule, used to sense the hydration dynamics of D2O, will be compared to previous results.
Oppositional brand choice: Using brands to respond to relationship frustration

Within close relationships individuals feel a variety of emotions toward their partner, often including frustration. In the present research we suggest a novel way in which individuals respond to frustration with their partner is through their choice of brands. Specifically, we introduce the concept of oppositional brand choice, which we define as occurring when individuals choose a brand for themselves that is in opposition to the one they believe their partner prefers. Importantly, we posit that this effect is specific to individuals who are low in relationship power. Across several studies, including a subliminal priming lab study, we find that people who are lower in relationship power and are frustrated with their partner make significantly more oppositional brand choices. Further, we find that this effect is not due to a shift in underlying brand preferences. The current research has implications for theory in brand choice, close relationships, emotions, and social power.
On the use of centrality measures to determine connected dominating sets for mobile ad hoc networks

We investigate the use of centrality measures to determine connected dominating sets (CDSs) for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) whose topology changes dynamically with time. CDSs are preferred for performing network-wide broadcasts with reduced retransmissions. Though commonly used, degree centrality-based CDS has been observed to be quite unstable in the presence of node mobility. In this paper, we explore the use of other centrality measures (such as eigenvector centrality, betweenness centrality and closeness centrality that are commonly used for complex network analysis) as the underlying criterion for inclusion of nodes in a CDS for MANETs and evaluate the lifetime and node size of such CDSs in comparison to that incurred for the degree centrality-based CDS. We observe the eigenvector centrality-based CDS to be the most stable (but the CDS node size is also the largest); the betweenness centrality-based CDS is the least stable (but incurs the smallest CDS node size).
Revenue Potential of State Lotteries

The debate concerning whether to institute a lottery is hampered in many states by a lack of objective current estimates of potential revenue. The purpose of this study is to provide estimates by type of game based on the experiences of those states that already have lotteries. In particular, the importance of demographic characteristics and the presence of great initial enthusiasm for an instant game are recognized.
RMS response of a one-dimensional half-space to SH

We examine the extent to which the response of a perfectly elastic half-space to an SH -wave incident from below can be characterized when knowledge about the elastic structure is limited to the near surface. Elastic properties are modeled as piecewise continuous functions of the depth coordinate. It is found that the site amplification function can be determined with a frequency resolution that depends inversely on the depth to which the elastic structure is known. Specifically, certain spectral averages of the site amplification function, concentrated over bandwidth Δ ƒ , depend only on the elastic structure down to a two-way travel-time depth of 1/Δ ƒ . These spectral averages are entirely independent of the elastic properties at greater depth. Equivalently, when the incident motion has a bandlimited white power spectrum of bandwidth Δ ƒ , the site amplification of the root mean square (rms) ground motion depends only on the elastic structure down to a two-way travel-time depth of 1/Δ ƒ . When the bandwidth is sufficiently large, the following corollary applies: the rms surface ground motion equals the rms incident motion multiplied by 2√ Ib / I , where I and Ib are shear impedances at the ground surface and basement depth, respectively. This result provides justification for a procedure conventionally used to correct stochastic estimates of earthquake ground motion to account for local site effects. The analysis also clarifies the limitations of that conventional procedure. The results define specific site-response parameters that can be computed from knowledge of shallow structure alone and may thereby contribute to improved understanding of the physical basis for, and limitations of, site classification schemes that are based on average S -wave velocity at shallow depth. While the analytical results are rigorous only for infinite Q , numerical experiments indicate that similar results apply to models with finite, frequency-independent Q . The practical utility of the results is likely to be limited primarily by the degree of lateral heterogeneity present near sites of interest and the degree to which the sites respond nonlinearly to incident ground motion.
Being While Doing: An Inductive Model of Mindfulness at Work.

Mindfulness at work has drawn growing interest as empirical evidence increasingly supports its positive workplace impacts. Yet theory also suggests that mindfulness is a cognitive mode of “Being” that may be incompatible with the cognitive mode of “Doing” that undergirds workplace functioning. Therefore mindfulness at work has been theorized as “being while doing,” but little is known regarding how people experience these two modes in combination, nor how they interact. Drawing on a sample of 39 semi-structured interviews, this study explores how professionals experience being mindful at work. The relationship between Being and Doing modes demonstrated changing compatibility across individuals and experience, with two basic types of experiences and three types of transitions. We labeled experiences when informants were unable to activate Being mode while engaging Doing mode as Entanglement, and those when informants reported simultaneous co-activation of Being and Doing modes as Disentanglement. This combination was valuable for offsetting important limitations of the typical reliance on the Doing cognitive mode. Overall our results have yielded a comprehensive model of mindfulness at work, with the core experience, outcomes, and antecedent factors unified into one system that may inform future research and practice.
The Rise and Fall of Moral Labor in an Online Game Community

In this study we use moral labor to denote a particular form of work primarily driven by moral sense -- people believe it is right to do so and such work is utilized to improve commercial product. We examine moral labor in League of Legends, a popular online game. The game's developer, Riot Games, built a crowdsourcing platform that solicited free labor from players to deal with massive toxic behaviors including trolling, griefing, and bullying. Our ethnographic study of the game revealed how players willingly contributed their moral labor to improve the game regardless of rewards. We also found inherent tensions between players' moral sense and Riot's corporate agenda, manifested in the differences and similarities between the narrative of players and that from Riot, which evolved along the release, maintenance, and closure of the system. We consider future research directions on the relation of moral labor to online community.
The Effect of Political Trust in National Elections Under Unified and Divided Government

Under what conditions is public distrust in government electorally consequential, and whom does it harm? The Republican Party appears to think that stoking the fire of public cynicism towards “Washington politicians” will benefit the party’s chances in the 2016 elections both for the White House and for Congress. Yet the academic literature is less clear. On the one hand, Hetherington (1999) and Hetherington and Rudolph (2015) suggest that individuals’ distrust in government reflects displeasure with the incumbent party in the White House. If voters go to the polls looking to hold the president’s party responsible for government’s lack of trustworthiness, the strategy of current GOP candidates may indeed be fruitful, given that Barack Obama is president. On the other hand, these electoral expectations seem a bit odd given that temporal variation in public trust in government is driven primarily by citizens’ attitudes towards Congress, not the president (e.g., Keele 2007). If voters go to the polls looking to hold the party that controls Congress responsible for government’s lack of trustworthiness, Republican efforts to foster distrust in government may backfire, given that their party currently presides over the legislative branch. In addition to these two alternative hypotheses, this study explores a third: that voters look to hold both branches of government responsible for governmental untrustworthiness. In this case, the effect of trust in elections will depend on whether party control of the two branches is unified or divided. Under unified government, distrust would be expected to harm the electoral prospects of the sole ruling party in both presidential and congressional races. Under divided government, voters would have to decide whether to hold neither party more responsible than the other, or hold the president’s party responsible in the presidential contest and the congressional majority party responsible in congressional races. No existing studies attempt to distinguish among these several hypotheses. Using individual level data, this study finds that distrust in government affects both presidential and congressional races. However, these effects are felt mainly during unified government, with candidates from the ruling party being held accountable in both congressional and presidential elections. The effects are much more muted during divided government, when responsibility is more evenly shared across both parties in both types of contests.
Pelvic Castleman's Disease Presenting as an Adnexal Mass in an Adolescent.

Abstract Background Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that might present as an adnexal mass. We report a case of pelvic CD in an adolescent girl who presented with abdominal pain. Case A 13-year-old girl presented with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, and was found to have a solid adnexal mass. Repeat imaging revealed the mass to be retroperitoneal and in the left pelvic side wall. She underwent surgical removal via an open retroperitoneal approach, and pathology revealed CD, hyaline vascular variant subtype. Summary and Conclusion Pelvic CD should be considered in the differential diagnosis for an adnexal mass in a young woman. Surgical planning is critical because of the possibility of extension and mass effect. Most pelvic CD is unicentric, hyaline vascular variant subtype, and does not recur after surgical removal.
Ten-year growth and epicormic sprouting response of western larch to pruning in western Montana

Western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) is a fast-growing, deciduous conifer that is often managed for timber production in the inland Northwest. No previous study has documented the response of this species to artificial pruning. Trees pruned as part of a pruning cost study in 1992 were followed for 10 years to assess growth and epicormic sprout response. Trees were pruned to two heights: 2.4 and 5.5 m in three stands in western Montana. Epicormic sprouting occurred in a majority of trees in the first 2 years after pruning, but subsequently many sprouts died so that by year 10, only approximately 30% of trees had sprouts. Volume increment was adversely affected by more severe pruning among smaller trees pruned to the shorter lift. The volume increment of the trees that received the 5.5 m lift was generally unaffected, but trees receiving the 2.4 m lift were more sensitive to pruning. Initial tree diameter and residual crown length were important variables in predicting the 10-year volume increment in pruned trees. West. J. Appl. For. 20(4):228–232.
Chattering in Variable Structure Feedback Systems

Abstract Variable structure feedback systems often exhibit objectionable chattering behavior when parastic dynamic are present.Although various ad hoc methods have been proposed for reducing chattering, general conditions for the design of non-chattering systems are not known. In this paper chattering is explainedas a limit cycle in the fast dynamics.It is shown that chattering can be minimized and often eliminated by appropriate design of the variable structure control law.
The Dignity of Diminished Animals: Species Norms and Engineering to Improve Welfare

The meteoric rise of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology has ignited discussions of engineering agricultural animals to improve their welfare. While some have proposed enhancing animals, for instance by engineering for disease resistance, others have suggested we might diminish animals to improve their welfare. By reducing or eliminating species-typical capacities, the expression of which is frustrated under current conditions, animal diminishment could reduce or eliminate the suffering that currently accompanies industrial animal agriculture. Although diminishment could reduce animal suffering, there is a widespread intuition that it would be wrong. One attempt to justify this intuition has been to claim that inhibiting the development of species-typical functions is wrong, even if it improves welfare. This has often been couched in terms of violating an animal’s dignity. I argue that the dignity objection to diminishment fails. In the first place, it fails to apply to some of the most troubling cases of diminishment, the creation of so-called animal microencepahlic lumps. In the second place, dignity views misplace the normative relevance of species norms; I argue that considerations from evolutionary biology should lead us to treat species norms - such as the possession of typical capacities - as merely a heuristic for rendering judgments about welfare. But diminishment cases are precisely the cases where the heuristic breaks down, and becomes a bias. I close my discussion with a sketch of my Historical Injustices Approach to animal ethics, and how it may help us vindicate our intuition that diminishment is wrong without appeal to species norms.
Solute-induced solid-solution softening and hardening in bcc tungsten

Abstract The solute-induced softening and hardening effects in bcc W for twenty-one substitutional alloying elements (Al, Co, Cr, Fe, Hf, Ir, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Os, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Ru, Ta, Tc, Ti, V and Zr) are examined to search for a similar softening effect as that observed with Re. The changes in energy barriers of dislocation motion caused by solute-dislocation interactions are directly computed via a first-principles approach with flexible boundary conditions. The effect of solutes on the critical resolved shear stress of the ½ screw dislocation in bcc W at room temperature is quantitatively predicted, as a function of alloy concentration, via a mesoscopic solid-solution model using the first-principles results as input. Al and Mn are proposed to be promising substitutes for Re as these two elements introduce similar softening effects as Re in bcc W. In addition, the trends of the solute-dislocation interactions, and their correlations to the dislocation core structure geometries are discussed.
Uncovering the role of the East Asian jet stream and heterogeneities in atmospheric rivers affecting the western United States.

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) exert major socioeconomic repercussions along the US West Coast by inducing heavy rainfall, flooding, strong winds, and storm surge. Despite the significant societal and economic repercussions of these storms, our understanding of the physical drivers responsible for their interannual variability is limited, with different climate modes identified as possible mechanisms. Here we show that the Pacific-Japan (PJ) teleconnections/patterns and the East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ) exhibit a strong linkage with the total frequency of ARs making landfall over the western United States, much stronger than the other potential climate modes previously considered. While our findings indicate that the PJ pattern and EASJ are the most relevant climate modes driving the overall AR activity, we also uncover heterogeneities in AR tracks. Specifically, we show that not all ARs making landfall along the West Coast come from a single population, but rather that it is possible to stratify these storms into three clusters. While the PJ pattern and EASJ are major drivers of AR activity for two clusters, the cluster that primarily affects the US Southwest is largely driven by other climate modes [El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic meridional mode (AMM), the Pacific-North America (PNA) teleconnection pattern, and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO)]. Therefore, important regional differences exist and this information can substantially enhance our ability to predict and prepare for these storms and their impacts.
The Best Dichotomous Parameters for Predicting Mortality and a Good Outcome Following 48 Hours of ICP Monitoring

Simple clinical measures of Intracranial Pressure (ICP), Mean Arterial Pressures (MAP), Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP-MAP-ICP) and the Highest Glasgow Coma Scale (HGCS) are potentially useful parameters to guide therapy and predict outcome. We reviewed an initial grouping of 136 consecutive head injured patients, monitored 6 parameters and identified 17 critical points in predicting mortality or morbidity. We then applied these critical points to another group of 44 patients. Sixteen of seventeen points were confirmed (p < 0.05).
Geographic Perspectives on Man’s Food Quest

My “geographical perspectives on man’s food quest” are closely linked to Lynn White’s views of food and history, for geography, as Herodotus wrote, is the “handmaiden of history.” “Geography and history,” wrote Ellen Churchill Semple (1) “cannot be held apart without dismembering what is a natural, vital whole.” Thus my talk today has a strong historical component. It is also concerned with differences among human cultures as they relate to man’s foodways — those customs that regulate man’s use of the food resources available to him. In addition my talk considers distributions on the earth’s surface, and the spread, through history, of culture traits and complexes that relate to food. Finally my perspective is conditioned by the strong earth science tradition in geography, with its environmental and ecological concerns.
Cell cycle events in neurons. Proliferation or death

Classically, we are taught that neurons are terminally differentiated and lack the ability to divide. The extreme rarity of brain tumors of neuronal origin, coupled with the failure of oncogenic transformation to create cell lines, seems to confirm this assertion. However, recent findings indicate that isolated neurons in vitro can, in the right environment, apparently undergo multiple rounds of proliferation. 1 Nonetheless, although the dogma of absolute neuronal cell cycle dormancy has been revoked in vitro 2 and plasticity in mitocompetency thus retained to some degree, we should not rush to alter the textbooks. Indeed, in this issue of The American Journal of Pathology, Migheli and colleagues 3 present a convincing case for alterations in the mitotic machinery in vulnerable neurons in the weaver mouse that appear to contribute to, if not directly cause, cell death. 3
The Evolutionary Origin and Maintenance of Sexual Recombination: A Review of Contemporary Models

This review is intended to be a global examination of the various hypotheses for the origin and maintenance of genetic recombination and out-crossing, with a look at the surprisingly limited amounts of experimental evidence that has been obtained in order to distinguish among them. It is designed for the reader who wishes an overview of the current state of this large and complex field. However, it is simply not possible to deal in detail with the many competing and complementary hypotheses without turning the review into a book. We apologize in advance to those whose ideas and contributions may have been left out, or may not have been dealt with in the detail that they would like.
Membrane Associated L-Glutamate Decarboxylase and Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)

Recently, three novel forms of membrane associated L-glutamate decarboxylase (M-GAD) referred to as M-GADI, M-GADII and M-GADIII were isolated and purified from porcine brain. M-GADI and M-GADII appear to be integral membrane proteins whereas M-GADIII is a peripheral protein attached to membranes in a Ca2+ dependent manner. In addition, M-GADI and M-GADII were found to be the major autoantigens in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), also known as type 1 diabetes, even more potent than GAD65/GAD67, as demonstrated in immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting tests. M-GADI has a native molecular weight of 96 kDa and consists of two identical subunits of 48 kDa whereas both M-GADII and M-GADIII are homodimers of 60 kDa. M-GADI and M-GADII have fulfilled all three criteria routinely used to determine whether a protein is an integral membrane protein including partitioning in the detergent phase in Triton X-114 partitioning assay, shift in electrophoretic mobility in the presence of ionic detergent and elution by low ionic strength buffer in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Based on these observations, it is hypothesized that M-GADI and M-GADII may be involved in the pathogenesis of IDDM.
Nitric Oxide Inhibits Endothelial Cell in Cytomegalovirus Replication

Nitric oxide (NO) has diverse biological functions in many different physiological systems, the endothelium releases NO as a result of fluid flow or agonist stimulation. It is established that this NO plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone and platelet function. This poster presents several additional roles NO may play within the endothelium.