cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of multiple keratoacanthomas with intralesional fluorouracil

A keratoacanthoma is a benign epithelial growth most often found in sun-exposed skin of the elderly. Two main groups of multiple keratoacanthomas have been described: the Ferguson-Smith type and the Grzybowski type. A patient with multiple keratoacanthomas of the Ferguson Smith type is described and the treatment with intralesional 5-fluorouracil is explained. Intralesional therapy with 5-fluorouracil is a safe treatment and may be the treatment of choice for multiple keratoacanthomas and solitary lesions which are difficult to remove surgically.
Living Rooms as Factories: Class, Gender, and the Satellite Factory System in Taiwan

Living Rooms as Factories: Class, Gender, and the Satellite Factory System in Taiwan. Ping-Chun Hsiung. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996. 182 pp.
Real-time motion detection in spiral MRI using navigators

A technique has been developed whereby motion can be detected in real time during the acquisition of data. This enables the implementation of an algorithm to accept or reject and reacquire data during a scan. Frames of data with motion are rejected and reacquired on the fly so that by the end of the scan, a complete motion-free data set has been acquired. The algorithm has been implemented on several different types of sequences. Preliminary in vivo studies indicate that motion artifacts are dramatically reduced.
Team Talk: The Power of Language in Team Dynamics

This article presents a review of the book "Team Talk: The Power of Language in Team Dynamics," by Anne Donnellon.
Incorporation Of Radioactive Calcium Into Otolithic Membranes And Middle Ear Ossicles Of The Gerbil

45CaCl2 was injected into gerbils in single or multiple doses, and the resulting radioactivity in serum, otoconial CaCO3, bone samples, and selected labyrinthine epithelium was determined by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Incorporation into both utricularand saccu-lar otoconia occurred at the rate of 0.06–0.07 nmole Ca++ per day, corresponding to a fractional rate of uptake of 0.1%. The retention of radioactivity had a half-life of approximately 11 days. The rate of incorporation of calcium for the middle ear ossicles was 5–7 times that for otoconia and was similar to that for otic capsule and skeletal bone. The level of 45Ca++ was higher in the pigmented regions of the utricular membranous wall than in the non-pigmented areas of the utricular and ampullary wall and in the stria vascularis.
Relationship of Sensory Organization to Balance Function in Patients with Hemiplegia

Standing balance and dynamic weight shifting were evaluated in 10 subjects with hemiplegia using a sensory organization balance test (SOT) and the Fugl-Meyer sensorimotor assessment (FMSA). The SOT is a timed balance test that evaluates somatosensory, visual, and vestibular function for maintenance of upright posture. In contrast, the FMSA is a functional status assessment that indicates the amount of assistance needed during various balance tasks and the tolerated duration of the task. The results of both clinical tests were compared to determine whether the SOT correlated with functional ability. The SOT scores were significantly correlated with the FMSA balance subscores and the FMSA total lower extremity scores. Based on the results of this preliminary study, the authors concluded that the SOT may be useful for evaluating a patient's functional status. Further implications for the evaluation and treatment of balance dysfunction in persons with hemiplegia are discussed.
Transcriptional Regulation of Neural Retina Leucine Zipper (Nrl), a Photoreceptor Cell Fate Determinant

The transcription factor neural retina leucine zipper (Nrl) is a critical determinant of rod photoreceptor cell fate and a key regulator of rod differentiation. Nrl−/− rod precursors fail to turn on rod genes and instead differentiate as cones. Furthermore, NRL mutations in humans cause retinitis pigmentosa. Despite the developmental and clinical significance of this gene, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of Nrl itself. In this study, we sought to define the cis- and trans-acting factors responsible for initiation and maintenance of Nrl transcription in the mouse retina. Utilizing a quantitative mouse retinal explant electroporation assay, we discovered a phylogenetically conserved, 30-base pair region immediately upstream of the transcription start site that is required for Nrl promoter activity. This region contains binding sites for the retinal transcription factors CRX, OTX2, and RORβ, and point mutations in these sites completely abolish promoter activity in living retinas. Gel-shift experiments show that CRX, OTX2, and RORβ can bind to the critical region in vitro, whereas ChIP experiments demonstrate binding of CRX and OTX2 to the critical region in vivo. Thus, our results indicate that CRX, OTX2, and RORβ directly regulate Nrl transcription by binding to critical sites within the Nrl promoter. We propose a model in which Nrl expression is primarily initiated by OTX2 and RORβ and later maintained at high levels by CRX and RORβ.
Mosquito Genomics: Progress and Challenges

The whole-genome sequencing of mosquitoes has facilitated our understanding of fundamental biological processes at their basic molecular levels and holds potential for application to mosquito control and prevention of mosquito-borne disease transmission. Draft genome sequences are available for Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Collectively, these represent the major vectors of African malaria, dengue fever and yellow fever viruses, and lymphatic filariasis, respectively. Rapid advances in genome technologies have revealed detailed information on genome architecture as well as phenotype-specific transcriptomics and proteomics. These resources allow for detailed comparative analyses within and across populations as well as species. Next-generation sequencing technologies will likely promote a proliferation of genome sequences for additional mosquito species as well as for individual insects. Here we review the current status of genome research in mosquitoes and identify potential areas for further investigations.
Hernias and Hydroceles

Inguinoscrotal abnormalities in children are best understood by understanding the embryology of testicular descent and the failure of the processus vaginalis to properly obliterate. The inguinal hernia, communicating hydrocele, hydrocele of the spermatic cord, and scrotal hydrocele should be differentiated based on a history and physical examination in most cases, with selective use of ultrasonography. The urgency to surgically correct these entities depends on the nature of the hernia or hydrocele and the likelihood of incarceration or spontaneous resolution. Open standard herniorrhaphy remains the most common surgical approach, and concurrent transinguinal laparoscopy allows quick and accurate inspection of the contralateral internal inguinal ring and the need for bilateral repair of an inguinal hernia.
Mental health of muslim nursing students in Thailand

The purpose of this research was to explore the mental health and well-being of Muslim nursing students in Thailand. Specifically, the study investigated the factors that impact anxiety and depression among Muslim nursing students. This cross-sectional research was conducted with a half sampling method of Muslim undergraduate students who were studying at a public nursing college in Thailand. From the 220 self-identified Muslim nursing students, 110 were sampled for this study, representing 14% of the total nursing students at this college. Results indicated a moderate prevalence of anxiety and high prevalence of depression among Muslim nursing students. Stress (β = .42) was positively associated with anxiety, while self-esteem (β = -.42) was negatively associated with anxiety; together this model accounted for 46% of the variance in anxiety. Self-esteem (β = -.41) and social support (β = -.17) were negatively associated with depression, while stress (β = .37) was positively correlated with depression; together this model accounted for 57% of the variance in depression. Recommendations were given to help train Muslim nursing students to be competent nurses with good mental health and well-being who will succeed and contribute to the nursing profession.
Reducing Inequality and Insecurity: Rethinking Labor and Employment Policy for the 21st Century

In Good Jobs, Bad Jobs, Arne Kalleberg examines the institutional changes in the United States that led to a polarization of income and job quality, a rising share of poor quality jobs, and the increasing precariousness of work across the educational spectrum. He proposes reversing these developments through a new social contract that builds on the design principles that underlie flexicurity policies in the Netherlands and Denmark—flexicurity with an American face. This article discusses the roots and promise of flexicurity to address the problems Kalleberg has identified. It also examines the limits to flexicurity and proposes additional policies to fulfill this promise.
Advancing Social Equity in the Minnowbrook Tradition

The goals of valuing social equity and using it as a guide in managing public programs are firmly rooted in the Minnowbrook tradition. Although civil rights activists have long fought for equality, attendees at the Minnowbrook I conference in 1968 were among the first in the field of public administration to directly confront societal inequities by asserting that public administrators should, in addition to valuing efficiency and effectiveness, stress the value social equity in the management and distribution of public services. The field's emphasis on social equity continued on through Minnowbrook II and was identified as a key concern during the most recent Minnowbrook III conference. After briefly summarizing discussion on this topic during Minnowbrook III, this article provides an agenda for advancing the field's commitment to social equity. This agenda centers upon clarifying the conceptual parameters of social equity, transforming the place of social equity in academic instruction, and building upon existing themes and methodologies in social equity research. Last, predictions for the role of social equity at a future Minnowbrook IV conference are presented for further consideration.
Trisaturated glycerides of milk fat.

Summary A number of samples of milk fat have been analyzed for trisaturated glyceride by the mercaptoacetic acid method. The amount of trisaturated glyceride varied from 21.5 to 32.0% by weight. The amount of trisaturated glyceride was found to agree well with the amount calculated by random distribution. The fatty acid composition of the trisaturated glyceride was determined by gas phase chromatography and compared with that of the whole fat. The results show that there is no preferential selection or exclusion of any of the major saturated fatty acids from the trisaturated glycerides. These and other recently determined structural features of milk fat can best be explained in terms of the limited random distribution theory of Vander Wal. It was also found that the relation among the melting point of a fat and the melting point and amount of trisaturated glyceride, which has been found to hold for many fats, does not hold for milk fat. It is shown that this means that the heat of fusion of the last glyceride in the fat to melt changes from sample to sample.
Partial Oxidation and Dry Reforming of Methane Over Ca/Ni/K(Na) Catalysts

Partial oxidation and dry reforming of methane to synthesis gas over Ca/Ni/K(Na) catalysts have been studied. Effects of temperature, pressure, and oxygen/methane ratios on catalytic activity, selectivity, and carbon formation have been determined. Also reforming of 13CH4 in the presence of CO2 and Temperature-Programmed Oxidation (TPO) of deposited carbon after the reaction indicated that both methane and CO2 contribute to carbon formation. The TPO of deposited carbon on Ca/Ni/K catalyst showed that the catalyst consumed a significant amount of oxygen, only a fraction of which was consumed by carbon species on the surface, indicating that the surface oxygen plays a significant role in oxidizing and removing carbon species from the catalyst surfaces
Variation among goegraphic strains of Aedes albopictus in susceptibility to infection with chikungunya virus.

Abstract The comparative susceptibility to dengue virus infection of 13 geographic strains of Aedes albopictus was studied by feeding the mosquitoes on a virus-erythrocyte-sugar suspension. Significant variation in susceptibility for each of the four dengue serotypes was observed among the geographic strains. Mosquito strains which were more susceptible to infection with one dengue serotype also were more susceptible to the other dengue serotypes. There was a direct relationship between the amount of virus ingested and the infection rate in a given mosquito strain. A 100-fold difference in oral ID50 was noted between the most and the least susceptible strains. Crossing experiments between susceptible and resistant mosquito strains produced hybrid progeny with intermediate susceptibility. Susceptibility to infection by dengue 2 virus was decreased by selective inbreeding in one strain from 74% to 13% in two generations. Further selection, however, failed to produce a completely resistant line. It appeared that the actual “barrier” to infection was in the mosquito midgut.
5-HT Receptor Signal Transduction Pathways

The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the main features of various signal transduction pathways utilized by the G protein-coupled 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors. Herein, we discuss major and secondary signals emanating from the major subtypes of 5-HT receptors (5-HT1, 5-HT2,5-HT4,5-HT5,5-HT6, and 5-HT7), as well as unique aspects of signaling for some of the subtypes. The 5-HT3 receptors, which are 5-HT gated ion channels, will not be discussed in this chapter. This chapter highlights the complexity of signaling from the diverse G protein-coupled 5-HT receptors and underscores the fundamental importance of understanding the nuances of the determinants of signaling specificity for these receptors.
Checkpoint blockade in tumor therapy: New insights and opportunities

Over the past several years it has become apparent that the effectiveness of active immunologic strategies for cancer therapy have been limited by cell intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory pathways that act in concert to shape the magnitude, quality, and location of immune responses in order to maximize target destruction and minimize harm to normal tissues. The prototype of cell intrinsic "checkpoints" whose blockade enhances anti-tumor responses is CTLA-4, which has been extensively studied in a large number of animal models and shown to be quite effective in achieving, either as a single agent or in combination with other agents, complete tumor eradication and long lasting tumor immunity. Over 3,500 patients have been treated with an antibody to human CTLA-4 (Ipilimumab, Medarex and Bristol-Meyers Squibb). Significant responses, including complete remissions, have been observed in about 15% of metastatic melanoma patients. This has led to considerable effort to identify biomarkers that would be useful in determining the impact of CTLA-4 on human immune responses in order to identify changes that might correlate with clinical responses, as well as to address combinatorial strategies that might enhance the effectiveness/frequency of clinical responses. We have shown in melanoma and prostate cancer models in mice that tumor rejection is closely correlated with an increase in the ratio of both CD4 and CD8 effector cells to FoxP3+ regulatory cells. We have also found that CTLA-4 blockade decreases either the conversion of self reactive FOXP3- effector CD4 T cells to Foxp3+ Treg and/or the migration of converted cells into the tumor. In a presurgical bladder cancer trial it has been shown that CTLA-4 results in an increase in the ratio of IFN-γ producing effector cells that express high levels of the CD28/CTLA-4 homolog ICOS. We have confirmed this in mouse models of melanoma and prostate cancer, and preliminary data suggest that an antibody to ICOS can enhance the therapeutic effects of anti-CTLA-4 in a melanoma model. We have also shown that intratumoral T cells express high levels of another coinhibitory molecule, PD-1, in which there has been considerable interest recently, and have found that blockade of PD-1 together with CTLA-4 enhances anti-tumor responses. We have also examined two new combinatorial therapies involving CTLA-4 blockade: cryoablation and adoptive T cell transfer. In both we found significant synergy resulting in rejection of tumors that either treatment alone could not achieve. This abstract was published in Cancer Immunity , a [Cancer Research Institute][1] journal that ceased publication in 2013 and is now provided online in association with Cancer Immunology Research . [1]: http://cancerresearch.org/
Effects of Triple Line Tension on the Surface Topography of Polycrystals

A balance of surface energies exists where grain boundaries meet the surface of a flat solid specimen. The energy balance leads to grain boundary grooving on the surface, and the establishment of the equilibrium dihedral angle. Triple junctions are defined at the intersections of three grain boundaries. Surface grooves are typically observed to be the deepest at the triple junctions. In this work, a simple model is constructed of a polycrystalline thin film using Surface Evolver numerical software. The equilibrium sur face groove depths at triple junctions are investigated as a function of triple junction line tension. Results show that line tension can affect grain boundary groove depths for grain sizes less than ∼1 μ m.
AN OPERATED CASE OF MIRIZZI SYNDROME PRESENTING WITH STENOSIS EXTENDING TO THE INTRAHEPATIC DUCTS

An operated case of Mirizzi syndrome presenting with stenosis extending to the intrahepatic ducts is reported.A 63-year-old man presented with a sudden onset of jaundice and fever. Laboratory data revealed a total bilirubin of 12.1 mg/dl. Ultrasonography and CT revealed gallstones within the gallbladder and marked wall thickness of the neck and solid mass continuous with the gallbladder in the liver. ERCP demonstrated the obstruction of the cystic duct and a 5 cm smooth stricture of the common hepatic duct. Administration of antibiotics improved his complaints and total bilirubin decreased to 2.2 mg/dl, however, ERCP performed again after the improvement showed a progression of the stricture and additionally stenosis of the intrahepatic ducts.At surgery, the gallbladder neck and porta hepatis formed a mass. However, intraoperative ultrasonography revealed a gallstone impacted in the neck of the gallbladder and no invasive lesions in the liver, accordingly presumptive intraoperative diagnosis of Mirizzi syndrome was made. Cholecystectomy with partial hepatectomy including the gallbladder bed, and resection of the biliary tract were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. Pathologic histology revealed chronic cholecystitis and marked fibrosis of the biliary tract and no malignant change was found.
Epidemiology of Bacillary Dysentery in Pizhou,2005-2009

Objective To understand the epidemiological features of bacillary dysentery in Pizhou and explore the appropriate preventive measures.Methods The data of bacillary dysentery epidemic in Pizhou from 2005 to 2009 were analyzed and the incidence level in 2010 was predicted by using division average in time series analysis.Results The average annual incidence of bacillary dysentery in Pizhou during this period was 6.06/105, the incidence declined from 8.43/105 in 2005 to 6.15/105 in 2009.The disease occurred all the year round, which peaked during June-August with the cases accounting for 60.34% of the total. The majority of the patients were children, accounting for 52.86%, followed by farmers, accounting for 32.94%. More cases occurred among males than among female, the sex ratio was 1.64∶1. It is estimated that the incidence in 2010 would be 3.54/105. Conclusion The incidence of bacillary dysentery in Pizhou declined gradually from 2005 to 2009, the risk populations included children living separately and farmers.
Electroencephalographic and neuroradiologic evaluation of children with epilepsy

In summary, CT scans are frequently abnormal in children with partial seizures. Although most of the abnormalities will not alter management of the child, in a small but significant percentage an unexpected neoplasm or other treatable lesion will be discovered. In addition, even when the CT scan does not alter therapeutic management, it may offer the clinician valuable information regarding the etiology of the seizures. A normal CT scan also serves to ensure both the physician and the parent that "nothing is being missed." As a guideline, I would recommend that all patients, with the exception of those with absence seizures, benign rolandic epilepsy, febrile seizures, and typical absence seizures have a CT scan with and without contrast enhancement. Even with a normal CT scan, however, the physician should follow the patient closely because a change in neurologic examination or the development of focal slowing on the EEG indicates the necessity for a repeat study.
Islet Cell Therapy and Pancreatic Stem Cells

Replacement of insulin-producing cell function represents an appealing approach for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, a condition characterized by loss of β-cell mass and/or function consequent to autoimmunity (Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)), metabolic disorders (i.e. cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis, and liver cirrhosis), surgery (i.e., iatrogenic diabetes following pancreatectomy for relapsing, chronic pancreatitis), or β-cell dysfunction secondary to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinism (Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)). Exogenous insulin injections have represented a life-saving treatment in T1DM, changing the natural history of diabetes, and remarkable progress has been achieved in recent years in the management of glycemic control by combining diet, exercise, and improved exogenous insulin treatment options. However, this approach requires continuous adjustments in insulin administrations with significant challenges in attaining tight glycemic control in the absence of severe hypoglycemic episodes. Tight metabolic control with avoidance of wide glycemic excursions is necessary to decrease the risk of development and/or progression of the chronic complications that can negatively impact the quality of life and life expectancy of patients with diabetes. Hundreds of thousands of endocrine cell clusters, from 500 microns in diameter (islets of Langerhans), are scattered into the pancreatic tissue, representing approximately 1–2% of the entire organ. The islets are “micro-organs” with a unique cytoarchitecture, composed of heterogeneous cell subsets specializing in the production and secretion of endocrine hormones (α-cells for glucagon; β-cells for insulin; δ-cells for somatostatin; PP-cells for pancreatic polypeptide) that are essential for the regulation of glucose homeostasis in the blood. Complex interactions between the cell subsets composing the islets, their innervation, and the rich vascular bed result in “realtime” secretion of endocrine hormones that maintain glycemic values within physiologic ranges. Better understanding of pancreatic islet cell ontogeny, biology, and physiology will be of assistance in developing efficient protocols for cellular therapies for the restoration of metabolic control in patients with diabetes.
Interlude–Epic Pastness: War Stories, Nostalgic Objects, and Sexual and Textual Spoils in Marlowe’s Dido, Queen of Carthage

Harlan turns her attention to the post-war moment, a space in which memories of the Trojan War have implications for the future: both Aeneas’ founding of Rome and early modern England’s perceived connection to this ancient city. She argues that the play’s characters are haunted by the war, and that this haunting is emblematic of the challenges the play stages of remembering the past and looking to the future. Material objects (some militant) are gifted and stolen, pointing to a larger concern with the play’s relationship to its epic source text, from which it cites, and to the foundational female, sexual spoils of the epic tradition: Helen of Troy and Dido. Ultimately, Dido’s manipulation of key spoils from a disarmed and lost Aeneas is emblematic of the transformation of mourning into her own object-laden suicide-funeral.
The Werner syndrome helicase coordinates sequential strand displacement and FEN1-mediated flap cleavage during Polymerase δ elongation

The Werner syndrome protein (WRN) suppresses the loss of telomeres replicated by lagging-strand synthesis by a yet to be defined mechanism. Here, we show that whereas either WRN or the Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) stimulates DNA polymerase δ progression across telomeric G-rich repeats, only WRN promotes sequential strand displacement synthesis and FEN1 cleavage, a critical step in Okazaki fragment maturation, at these sequences. Helicase activity, as well as the conserved winged-helix (WH) motif and the helicase and RNase D C-terminal (HRDC) domain play important but distinct roles in this process. Remarkably, WRN also influences the formation of FEN1 cleavage products during strand displacement on a nontelomeric substrate, suggesting that WRN recruitment and cooperative interaction with FEN1 during lagging-strand synthesis may serve to regulate sequential strand displacement and flap cleavage at other genomic sites. These findings define a biochemical context for the physiological role of WRN in maintaining genetic stability.
SAR1 Is Critical to the HbF-Inducing Effect of HU and Other Therapeutic Cytotoxic Agents

Abstract Abstract 1306 Hydroxyurea (HU) is a drug that is effectively used in the management of the β-hemoglobinopathies sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia by augmenting the production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HU-mediated HbF regulation remain unclear, as does the reason why some proportion of the patients failed to show a beneficial therapeutic response. A better understanding of how hydroxyurea acts at the molecule levels and induces fetal hemoglobin production would offer targeted molecular therapy with higher specificity, and less toxicity and may provide alternative effective therapies to current non-responders. Secretion-associated and ras-related protein (SAR1) is a small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein that is induced by HU and closely mimics the known effects of HU on erythroid cells, including gamma-globin induction and cell-cycle regulation. Here we report of our further investigation on whether SAR1 is an obligatory mediator to the HbF-inducing effect of HU and other therapeutic cytotoxic agents. Our results indicate that blocking SAR1 expression not only significantly lowered the basal and HU-elicited HbF production in CD34+ and K562 cells (see table ), it also abolished HU-mediated S-phase cell-cycle arrest (see table ) and cell apoptosis (P Mock Control shRNA or microRNA SAR1 shRNA or microRNA HU− HU+ HU− HU+ HU− † p HU+ ‡ p HbF positive CD34 + cells 27.00 ± 1.01% 50.70 ± 1.88% 20.59 ± 0.76% 0.003 31.77 ± 1.17% 0.00001 HbF positive K562 cells 18.21 ± 0.21% 41.00 ± 1.41% 19.72 ± 2.11% 43.37 ± 0.2% 14.29 ± 1.2% 0.004 26.63 ± 1.23% 0.00002 Fraction of S-phase cells 24.94 ± 0.84% 32.38 ± 0.59% 24.08 ± 0.59% 34.26 ± 0.54% 24.88 ± 0.4% 0.097 27.64 ± 0.25% 0.00192 † p compared with control HU- ‡ p compared with control HU+ Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Dependence on fiber Fabry-Pérot tunable filter characteristics in an all-fiber swept-wavelength laser for use in an optical coherence tomography system

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a useful and common diagnostic tool within the field of ophthalmology. Although presently a commercial technology, research continues in improving image quality and applying the imaging method to other tissue types. Swept-wavelength lasers based upon fiber ring cavities containing fiber Fabry-P´erot tunable filters (FFP-TF), as an intracavity element, provide swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) systems with a robust and scalable platform. The FFP-TF can be fabricated within a large range of operating wavelengths, free spectral ranges (FSR), and finesses. To date, FFP-TFs have been fabricated at operating wavelengths from 400 nm to 2.2 µm, FSRs as large as 45 THz, and finesses as high as 30 000. The results in this paper focus on presenting the capability of the FFP-TF as an intracavity element in producing swept-wavelength lasers sources and quantifying the trade off between coherence length and sweep range. We present results within a range of feasible operating conditions. Particular focus is given to the discovery of laser configurations that result in maximization of sweep range and/or power. A novel approach to the electronic drive of the PZT-based FFP-TF is also presented, which eliminates the need for the existence of a mechanical resonance of the optical device. This approach substantially increases the range of drive frequencies with which the filter can be driven and has a positive impact for both the short all-fiber laser cavity (presented in this paper) and long cavity FDML designs as well.
Can Providing Rubrics for Writing Tasks Improve Developing Writers' Calibration Accuracy?

ABSTRACTRubric-referenced calibration and the interaction between writing achievement and calibration, a measure of the relationship between one's performance and the accuracy of one's judgments, were investigated. Undergraduate students (N = 596) were assigned to one of three calibration conditions: (a) global, (b) global and general criteria, or (c) global and detailed criteria. Students in all three conditions provided global predictions and postdictions of essay exam scores. Although calibration judgments by condition did not affect calibration accuracy overall, statistically significant main effects were found between calibration accuracy by criteria and prior achievement. High achievers made more-accurate predictions and postdictions by criteria than low achievers. Regardless of achievement level, those students in the detailed rubric condition had higher postdictive accuracy for the organization criteria than did students in the general rubric condition.
Acquired factor VIII deficiency: two case reports and a review of literature.

Acquired factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency, or acquired hemophilia A (AHA), is a rare autoimmune disorder involving antibody-mediated depletion of coagulation FVIII, leading to severe, life-threatening bleeding. The condition is often associated with other autoimmune disorders, and its treatment involves replacement of FVIII and various modes of immunosuppression. Recently, a few noteworthy therapeutic advances have been made. We present two cases of severe AHA in Chinese women. One of these women developed this disorder in the setting of possible parvovirus B19 infection, which has not yet been reported in association with AHA. Other notable features of her case included paradoxical venous thrombosis and possible association with Sjogren’s syndrome and myositis. The other woman failed to respond to usual first-line therapies despite exhibiting a less severe clinical course, illustrating the varied but potentially stubborn behavior of this disorder. An 87-year-old woman presented with diffuse ecchymoses, melena, vaginal bleeding. Labs showed hemoglobin (Hgb) nadir of 5.7 mg/dL, elevated partial thromboplastin time (PTT), FVIII level <1%, mixing study consistent with an inhibitor, elevated anti-Sjogren’s-Syndrome-related antigen A antibody, elevated creatinine kinase, and elevated parvovirus IgM and IgG. Imaging of her arm showed diffuse myositis and deep venous thrombosis. After intravenous and oral steroids, her FVIII levels normalized, and her symptoms subsided. A 59-year-old woman presented with recurrent ecchymoses and hematomas in her extremities. Labs showed Hgb of 11.7 mg/dL, elevated PTT, FVIII level of 3%, and mixing study consistent with an inhibitor. Despite receiving a long course of steroids, several courses of IVIG, and a few courses of Rituximab, her FVIII level remained critically low. The rarity of AHA limits our understanding of this disease and the ability to perform trials to discover optimal therapies. We hope that these case reports and discussion will shed further light on the varied clinical manifestations and natural histories of this disorder to guide better recognition and treatment of AHA.
Burying the Hatchet? Elite Influence and White Opinion on the Washington Redskins Controversy*

Objective Is the opinion of white Americans regarding the continued use of the Washington Redskins’ team name influenced by their exposure to elite rhetoric that supports a team name change and views the team's name as offensive? Methods In order to explore the potential for elite opinion leadership on white opinion, this article employs a survey experiment embedded in the 2014 Cooperative Congressional Election Study in which respondents were randomly exposed to a message attributed to either Senator Harry Reid (a Democrat), Senator John McCain (a Republican), or NBC Sports broadcaster Bob Costas that details their opposition to the team's name. Results Testing hypotheses derived from the scholarship on elite opinion theory, this article finds that exposure only to a message from Costas on this issue leads respondents to more strongly support a team name change and to more clearly view the term “Redskins” as offensive. Our results (1) further the scholarship on public opinion concerning Native American mascots, (2) suggest the conditions under which the barriers to change in sporting institutions may continue to evolve, and (3) speak to the limits of political elite influence.
Attitudes of Individuals with Gaucher Disease toward Substrate Reduction Therapies

Type 1 Gaucher disease (GD) is the most common lysosomal storage disorder. Previously, treatment for GD was limited to intravenous enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs). More recently, oral substrate reduction therapies (SRTs) were approved for treatment of GD. Although both therapies alleviate disease symptoms, attitudes toward SRTs and patient perceptions of health while using SRT have not been well established. Electronic surveys were administered to adults with GD and asked about treatment history, attitudes toward SRTs, and perception of health while using SRTs as compared to ERTs, if applicable to the participant. ERT users that were offered treatment with SRTs cited potential side effects, wanting more research on SRTs, and satisfaction with their current treatment regimen as reasons for declining SRTs. SRT users expressed convenience and less invasiveness as reasons for choosing SRTs. Additionally, those using SRTs most often perceived their health to be similar to when they previously used ERT. Participant responses illustrate that attitudes toward SRTs can be variable and that one particular treatment may not be ideal for all patients with GD depending on individual perceptions of factors such as convenience, invasiveness, or side effects. Thus, individuals with GD should be counseled adequately by healthcare providers about both ERTs and SRTs for treatment of GD now that SRTs are clinically available.
More Beds or More Chairs? Using a Science-Based Approach to Address the Opioid Epidemic

Krebs and colleagues showed that immediate access to opioid agonist treatment (OAT) for all patients with opioid use disorder seeking treatment in California's publicly funded treatment programs is...
Correlating structural and photochemical heterogeneity in cyanobacteriochrome NpR6012g4.

Phytochrome photoreceptors control plant growth, development, and the shade avoidance response that limits crop yield in high-density agricultural plantings. Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are distantly related photosensory proteins that control cyanobacterial metabolism and behavior in response to light. Photoreceptors in both families reversibly photoconvert between two photostates via photoisomerization of linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) chromophores. Spectroscopic and biochemical studies have demonstrated heterogeneity in both photostates, but the structural basis for such heterogeneity remains unclear. We report solution NMR structures for both photostates of the red/green CBCR NpR6012g4 from Nostoc punctiforme . In addition to identifying structural changes accompanying photoconversion, these structures reveal structural heterogeneity for residues Trp655 and Asp657 in the red-absorbing NpR6012g4 dark state, yielding two distinct environments for the phycocyanobilin chromophore. We use site-directed mutagenesis and fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopy to assign an orange-absorbing population in the NpR6012g4 dark state to the minority configuration for Asp657. This population does not undergo full, productive photoconversion, as shown by time-resolved spectroscopy and absorption spectroscopy at cryogenic temperature. Our studies thus elucidate the spectral and photochemical consequences of structural heterogeneity in a member of the phytochrome superfamily, insights that should inform efforts to improve photochemical or fluorescence quantum yields in the phytochrome superfamily.
Annexin A6 regulates catabolic events in articular chondrocytes via the modulation of NF-κB and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling.

Annexin A6 (AnxA6) is expressed in articular chondrocytes at levels higher than in other mesenchymal cell types. However, the role of AnxA6 in articular chondrocytes is not known. Here we show that complete lack of AnxA6 functions resulted in increased s-catenin activation in Wnt3a-treated murine articular chondrocytes, whereas AnxA6 expressing articular chondrocytes showed decreased s-catenin activation. High expression of AnxA6 in human articular chondrocytes showed the highest inhibition of Wnt/s-catenin signaling. Inhibition of Wnt/s-catenin signaling activity by AnxA6 together with cytosolic Ca2+ was achieved by interfering with the plasma membrane association of the Wnt signaling complex. AnxA6 also affected the cross-talk between Wnt/s-catenin signaling and NF-κB signaling by decreasing s-catenin activity and increasing NF-κB activity in Wnt3a-, interleukin-1beta (IL-1s)-, and combined Wnt3a/IL-1s-treated cells. Wnt3a treatment increased the mRNA levels of catabolic markers (cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase) to a much lesser degree than IL-1s treatment in human articular chondrocytes, and decreased the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and articular cartilage markers (aggrecan, type II collagen). Furthermore, Wnt3a decreased the mRNA levels of catabolic markers and MMP-13 in IL-1s-treated human articular chondrocytes. High expression of AnxA6 resulted in decreased mRNA levels of catabolic markers, and increased MMP-13 and articular cartilage marker mRNA levels in Wnt3a-treated human articular chondrocytes, whereas leading to increased mRNA levels of catabolic markers and MMP-13 in human articular chondrocytes treated with IL-1s, or combined Wnt3a and IL-1s. Our findings define a novel role for AnxA6 in articular chondrocytes via its modulation of Wnt/s-catenin and NF-κB signaling activities and the cross-talk between these two signaling pathways.
Probabilistic Fatigue Assessment of Welded Joints

A methodology for probabilistic fatigue assessment of welded joints using the S-N and fracture mechanics approaches is proposed. A fatigue crack propagation model is presented for a semi-elliptical crack in a welded plate which accounts for the effects of weld geometry, residual stresses, stress ratio, fatigue threshold and variable amplitude loading. A simple lognormal format and a rigorous FORM/SORM approach is used for evaluating the reliability of a joint against failure by fatigue. The model accounts for the uncertainties in fatigue loading, stress analysis, stress intensity factors, initial defect size and crack growth material properties. Examples involving reliability analysis of tubular joints of offshore structures are presented.
Scaling Laws in the Consolidation of Powder Compacts

Powder consolidation under load is a common means of forming ceramic or intermetallic components for advanced structural applications. Micrometer/nanometer sized powders are used as a means for creating new composite microstructures on a fine scale. However, current models of the deformation processes in powders do not adequately represent the experimental observations in micrometer/nanometer sized powder compacts. In this paper, a constitutive model for the consolidation of these powders is proposed. The mechanisms considered include elasticity of the aggregate, diffusion along the interparticle contact area, and relative slip between the particles. The finite element method is used to predict the deformation of a powder compact for a range of loading conditions. Unit cell calculations are performed and scaling laws for the macroscopic response during the deformation of the powder aggregate are detected in the numerical results.
System-E: Enhancing Privacy on Mobile Systems through Content-Based Classification and Storage

Mobile systems face privacy challenges including coarsegrained privacy control and the inability to distinguish private and public files. We propose System-E, a novel system which can enhance the user privacy on mobile systems (e.g., Android) by (1) enabling users to set finer grained permissions for apps accessing data, and (2) enabling automatic classification of data (e.g., photos) at the storage layer (e.g., by using deep learning) to prevent potentially sensitive data from being stored/accessed with open permissions.
Preharvest influence on salmonellae human health costs and risks from pork

Conclusion: These results confirm that raw meat is contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, mainly Salmonella spp., and consequently with these raw products pathogens and resistant strains will enter the kitchen and may lead to food borne diseases and/or transfer of resistant strains or resistance genes to humans. Therefor, the prevention of food borne diseases and resistance transfer is mainly in the hands of those preparing food. These persons should as well be educated on the basic sanitary principles of food preparation as well as be informed on the possible presence of pathogens in raw products, for instance by informative labels.
Zoonoses in Cancer Patients

Prevention of zoonoses in cancer patients is the theme of this chapter and it is hoped that it will encourage and help doctors caring for such patients to educate them to avoid the infections. Avoidance need not include separation from a pet or occupation or recreation, but the use of caution conditioned by knowledge of the sources of infection and the ways we contact them should lead to effective prevention.
Monetarist Misconceptions of Money and its Management

The terms most often used (or misused) in politico-economic controversy are seldom defined. “Monetarism” is one of those words. Precision remains impossible as long as monetarists are unable to agree on what money is or how to count it. Nevertheless, the essential idea of monetarism may be captured in the following propositions: (1) money is an exogenous constant of monetary policy rather than an endogenous variable of monetary theory, and (2) therefore, the central bank can, if it will, control the money supply by making a “monetary aggregate” the target of monetary policy.
Percutaneous Renal Calculus Removal in an Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy Practice

AbstractThe introduction of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and transurethral ureteroscopy have altered markedly the incidence of standard surgical and percutaneous stone removal procedures. To help define the present role of percutaneous procedures in our practice we evaluated our indications, results and the clinical course of 143 patients who were treated primarily with percutaneous methods during 1 year in which extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy also was available. The complexity of these residual percutaneous cases necessitated repeat endoscopic or fluoroscopic stone removal procedures in 20 per cent and ancillary extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in 22 per cent, and led to a slightly higher complication rate than in our previous percutaneous series. Despite the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous methods still are necessary for comprehensive therapy of upper tract urolithiasis.
Chemical and Microbiological Studies of Mutagenic Pollutants in Real and Simulated Atmospheres

In the early 1940’s the organic extracts of ambient particulate matter (POM) collected from urban air in the United States were found to be carcinogenic when administered subcutaneously to mice (1,2). Subsequently, this effect was also observed in experimental animals injected with extracts of ambient POM collected from Los Angeles photochemical smog (3) and in seven other U.S. cities (4). Similar results now have been found with ambient samples collected in various urban centers throughout the world. This carcinogenicity is customarily attributed to certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), e.g. benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benz(a)anthracene and aza-arenes such as benzocarbazoles in the neutral fraction of the organic particulates and benzacridines and dibenzacridines in the basic fraction.
Facial Rehabilitation: Evaluation and Treatment Strategies for the Patient with Facial Palsy

This article describes the most widely used clinician-graded and patient-reported outcome measures, and describes facial rehabilitation strategies for acute and chronic facial palsy, and rehabilitation following dynamic facial reanimation surgery. The multimodality rehabilitation of the facial palsy patient is determined by the extent of facial nerve injury, specific functional deficits, the presence of synkinesis, and the patient's individual goals. Appropriate intervention, including patient education, soft tissue mobilization, neuromuscular reeducation, and chemodenervation, decreases facial tension and improves facial muscle motor control, physical function, facial expression, and quality of life.
Factors associated with changes in subjective well-being immediately after urban park visit.

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to explore the amenable factors contributing to the improvement in subjective well-being (SWB) immediately after a short-term visit to an urban park in an uncontrolled cond...
Naphtho[2,1-e]-1,2-azaphosphorine 2-Oxide Derivatives: Synthesis, Optoelectronic Properties, and Self-Dimerization Phenomena

A family of naphtho[2,1-e]-fused 1,2-azaphosphorine 2-oxides that contain electron-withdrawing and -donating substituents on the 3-phenyl groups has been prepared and characterized. This new series...
Iterative integrated imputation for missing data and pathway models with applications to breast cancer subtypes

Tumor development is driven by complex combinations of biological elements. Recent advances suggest that molecularly distinct subtypes of breast cancers may respond differently to pathway-targeted therapies. Thus, it is important to dissect pathway disturbances by integrating multiple molecular profiles, such as genetic, genomic and epigenomic data. However, missing data are often present in the -omic profiles of interest. Motivated by genomic data integration and imputation, we present a new statistical framework for pathway significance analysis. Specifically, we develop a new strategy for imputation of missing data in large-scale genomic studies, which adapts low-rank, structured matrix completion. Our iterative strategy enables us to impute missing data in complex configurations across multiple data platforms. In turn, we perform large-scale pathway analysis integrating gene expression, copy number, and methylation data. The advantages of the proposed statistical framework are demonstrated through simulations and real applications to breast cancer subtypes. We demonstrate superior power to identify pathway disturbances, compared with other imputation strategies. We also identify differential pathway activity across different breast tumor subtypes.