cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Symmetry of viewing characteristics of liquid crystal displays with compensators

Abstract We investigate the symmetry of viewing characteristics of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) which employ either twisted nematic (TN) or super twisted nematic (STN) liquid crystals. By using the rotation symmetry of the display structures and the principle of reciprocity, we present a mathematical proof of the exact left–right viewing symmetry of normally white TN-LCDs and STN-LCDs as well as various modes of LCDs. We also describe the effect of inserting phase retardation compensators on the viewing symmetry of the displays and present the split compensator configurations for preserving the symmetry. The results are presented and discussed.
Interaction dynamics of hydrogen at a Cu(111) surface

Abstract We have used molecular beam and laser detection techniques to study the dynamics of adsorption and desorption of H2 and D2 at a Cu(111) surface. We have determined the adsorption probability for beams with kinetic energies up to 0.83 eV, vibrational temperatures up to 2300 K, and incidence angles from 0° to 60°. A detailed analysis of these data yields adsorption probability functions for molecules in individual vibrational states. We have also studied the internal state distribution of molecules scattered from the surface. These measurements provide state-resolved information on both adsorption and vibrational excitation. The adsorption and scattering studies have been complemented by studies of desorption dynamics, including preliminary measurements of the velocity distributions of molecules desorbed in specific quantum states. The desorption data are interpreted via the principle of detailed balance to give information on the temperature dependence of the adsorption probability functions. The vibrational dependence of the desorption velocity distributions reproduces trends predicted from the adsorption measurements.
Improving Detection of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury∗

Cardiac surgery in children has markedly advanced and is a mainstay for the treatment of serious congenital cardiac malformations. Because the heart, great vessels, and total blood volume are much smaller in children than in adults, the cardiopulmonary bypass procedure is challenging with respect
Generalized small signal impedance for microwave BARITT diodes

A general treatment is outlined and equations are developed for the small signal impedance of microwave teach-through BARITT diodes. The results are expressed in terms of "injection phase delay," φ i and "drift transit," θ d angles. It is shown that substantial improvements in the negative resistance and hence efficiency of such oscillators can be expected as φ i is allowed to increase, but not to exceed π/2.
Overcoming the Early Entrant Advantage: The Role of Alignable and Nonalignable Differences:

Prior research has focused on early entrant advantage rather than on theories that explain and predict how late entrants can surpass the early entrant's performance. In this research, the authors p...
Long‐Lived 1H Nuclear Spin Singlet in Dimethyl Maleate Revealed by Addition of Thiols

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have become important techniques in many research areas. One major limitation is the relatively low sensitivity of these methods, which recently has been addressed by hyperpolarization. However, once hyperpolarization is imparted on a molecule, the magnetization typically decays within relatively short times. Singlet states are well isolated from the environment, such that they acquire long lifetimes. We describe herein a model reaction for read-out of a hyperpolarized long-lived state in dimethyl maleate using thiol conjugate addition. This type of reaction could lend itself to monitoring oxidative stress or hypoxia by sensitive detection of thiols. Similar reactions could be used in biosensors or assays that exploit molecular switching. Singlet lifetimes of about 4.7 min for 1H spins in [D4]MeOH are seen in this system.
Targeting microRNAs with small molecules: from dream to reality

Currently, one out of four deaths in the United States is due to cancer; therefore, every major therapeutic advance in cancer has the potential to save many lives. One of the most fascinating discoveries in the area of molecular oncology in the past decade is that, in cancer, alterations in both protein-coding genes and noncoding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), complement each other. In this article, we focus on a novel idea involving the use of small molecules to target overexpressed miRNAs as a new therapy for diseases, particularly cancer, in humans. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2010) 87 6, 754–758. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2010.46
Effect of peritoneal rewarming on renal function in the hypothermic dog

Abstract Two groups of eight dogs were subjected to an experimentally induced hypothermia of 25 °C. One group was rewarmed externally using a circulating water blanket while the other group was rewarmed by peritoneal dialysis. Glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, and urine flow were reduced while filtration fraction and the extraction of PAH (E pah ) were increased during hypothermia. Immediately upon rewarming, RBF and GFR remained significantly depressed in both groups when compared to control values. By 12 hr post-rewarming, however, the group rewarmed by peritoneal dialysis showed a complete return of GFR and RBF to prehypothermic levels while in the externally rewarmed group these variables remained depressed. The data suggest that peritoneal dialysis is an effective means of core rewarming producing an earlier return of renal function to control levels that the more conventional means of external rewarming.
Determination of the optimal number of coverages for the rolling of chip seals

This paper presents a method to determine the optimal protocol for rolling chip seals based on aggregate retention performance and aggregate embedment depth. To evaluate performance, the flip-over ...
Pediatric HIV infection

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major and growing threat to children. An essentially unknown disease prior to 1981, pediatric HIV infection is now one of the leading causes of death in children. The social stigma associated with the disease, the exceedingly poor ultimate prognosis for the child, and the devastating emotional toll that families suffer have only recently been recognized. This review will highlight the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and current medical treatment of HIV infection. A case study will also be presented to demonstrate the complex psychosocial issues that characterize this disease.
Indocyanine green pharmacokinetics calculations using Lotus 123 spreadsheet

Indocyanine green (ICG; Cardio Green, Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Baltimore, MD) is a cholephilic dye that is commonly used as a liver function test. In order to obtain the pharmacokinetic values of ICG needed for liver function determinations, a linear and a log-linear regression must be done in addition to other calculations. Results can be obtained graphically, but are not as accurate as mathematical calculations. To obtain accurate results and expedite calculation time, a program was developed using the Lotus 123 spreadsheet program (Lotus 123, Lotus Development Corporation, Cambridge, MA) and an IBM compatible computer to do these calculations.
Inter-digit co-ordination and object-digit interaction when holding an object with five digits.

The current study investigated inter-digit co-ordination and object-digit interaction during sustained object holding tasks by using ®ve, six-component force/ torque sensors. The sum of the individual ®nger normal forces and the thumb normal force showed a parallel variation with a mean median correlation coeA cient of 0.941. The normal force traces demonstrated the lowest coeA cient of variation (about 9% as averaged across digits) as compared with other force/ torque traces. The sum for the variances of the normal forces of the index, middle, ring, and little ®ngers was about 50% of the variance of the summed normal force of the four ®ngers. Of the ®ve digits, the thumb, index, middle, ring and little ®ngers accounted for 50.0, 15.4, 14.6, 11.7 and 7.3% of the total normal force; and 39.4, 9.9, 19.3, 14.0 and 17.5% of the total vertical shear force (i.e. the load), respectively. The ratios of the normal force to the resultant shear force were 2.6, 4.5, 1.8, 2.2 and 1.3 for the thumb, index, middle, ring and little ®nger, respectively. The centre of pressure migration area of a single digit at the objectdigit surface during object holding ranged from 0.30 to 1.21 mm 2 . The current study reveals a number of detailed object-digit mechanics and multiple digits coordination principle. The results of this study may help to improve ergonomic designs that involve the usage of multiple digits.
Effect of nanocrystalline and ultrafine grain sizes on the strain rate sensitivity and activation volume: fcc versus bcc metals

Two of the key parameters that are useful for understanding the deformation kinetics in metals with ultrafine grain (UFG) and/or nanocrystalline (nc) microstructure are the strain rate sensitivity (SRS) of the flow stress and the flow stress activation volume. In this paper, we present experimental results from our in-house tests on UFG Cu, Fe and Ta, along with those available in literature, regarding the behavior of SRS and activation volume of UFG/nc metals with face-centered cubic (fcc) and body-centered cubic (bcc) structures. The UFG metals were produced via severe plastic deformation (SPD), and confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. Our own results, as well as those in the literature, indicate that the SRS of the UFG/nc fcc metals is elevated, whereas that of UFG/nc bcc metals is much reduced compared to their coarse-grained counterparts. These trends appear to hold independent of the processing routes used to refine the grain size and of the testing method employed. The activation volumes in UFG fcc and bcc metals also exhibit different behavior. We present discussions to explain the observed trends. The implications of these findings for plastic instability are also discussed for the two lattice structures.
The Nuclear Factor κB Subunits RelA/p65 and c-Rel Potentiate but Are Not Required for Ras-Induced Cellular Transformation

Extensive data indicate that oncoproteins, such as oncogenic H-Ras, initiate signal transduction cascades that ultimately lead to the activation of specific transcription factors. We and others have previously demonstrated that Ras activates the inherent transcriptional activation function of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). Supportive of the importance of NF-kappaB in transformation, Ras-induced cellular transformation can be suppressed by expression of IkappaBalpha, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB, or by dominant-negative forms of the upstream activator IkappaB kinase (IKK). However, conclusive evidence for a requirement for NF-kappaB subunits in oncogenic transformation has not been reported. Furthermore, there is little understanding of the gene targets controlled by NF-kappaB that might support oncogenic conversion. The data presented here demonstrate that, although both p65 and c-Rel enhance the frequency of Ras-induced cellular transformation, these NF-kappaB subunits are not essential for Ras to transform spontaneously immortalized murine fibroblasts. Microarray analysis identified a set of genes induced by Ras that is dependent on NF-kappaB for their expression and that likely play contributory roles in promoting Ras-induced oncogenic transformation.
Mathematical descriptions of hybridoma culture kinetics: II. The relationship between thiol chemistry and the degradation of serum activity

The growth rate of the hybridoma cell line ATCC-CRL-1606 in low serum medium declines rapidly with time after inoculation. To characterize this phenomenon, the stability of the growth-promoting activity of serum was investigated. The activity of serum was found to de grade with time, and was stabilized by alterations in the medium formulation that acted to lower the oxidation/reduction potential. This included both the addition of thiols and the elimination of disulfides from the medium. Additionally, cysteine and other thiols were shown to stimulate growth in low serum, low cell density cultures, suggesting that thiols may be rate-limiting in low serum medium. Stimulation of growth by thiol addition was less significant at high cell levels, implying that the cells themselves may be acting to reduce their environment. A hypothesis is presented based on these results which suggests that the actual rate-limiting moieties in low serum cultures may be dithiols.
Strength training for obesity prevention in midlife women.

OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of this study was to assess whether increases in fat-free mass (FFM) and decreases in total and percentage fat mass from 15 weeks of twice weekly supervised strength training would be maintained over 6 months of unsupervised exercise in a randomized controlled trial. DESIGN: In all, 60 women aged 30–50 y, body mass index between 20 and 35 kg/m2, were randomized to control or treatment groups. The treatment group performed twice-weekly supervised strength training followed by 6 months of unsupervised training. Measurements at baseline, 15, and 39 weeks included body weight and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Repeated measures regression was used to assess between-group differences for changes over time. RESULTS: Almost 90% of prescribed exercise sessions were completed. The body composition treatment effects over 15 weeks were largely maintained over 6 months of unsupervised exercise. Over the total 39 weeks of strength training, the treatment group gained +0.89 kg more in FFM, lost −0.98 kg more in fat mass, and lost –1.63% more in percent body fat when compared to the control group. P-values for these between-group differences in 39-week changes were 0.009, 0.06, and 0.006, respectively. Strength training did not result in any significant weight loss or waist circumference attenuation. Adjustment for changes in energy intake and physical activity did not alter these results. CONCLUSIONS: Twice-weekly strength training is behaviorally feasible for busy midlife women and the favorable body composition changes resulting from supervised strength training can be maintained over time. These findings lay the groundwork for determining the long-term health benefits of this behaviorally feasible exercise prescription, potentially including prevention of age-associated fat gains.
A biometric technique for assessing prehistoric freshwater mussel population dynamics (family: Unionidae) in north Texas

Biometry is useful for a suite of analyses relevant to zooarchaeology, which include analysis of mortality profiles, taphonomy, paleoecology, among other purposes. Here, size-age prediction models are developed for 10 freshwater mussel species found in north Texas to develop a method for studying paleoenvironmental conditions. Shell length is often used to evaluate the structures of modern mussel populations, but its use on paleozoological specimens is not feasible because complete shells rarely preserve. Instead, pallial line-to-lateral teeth length (PLL) and pseudocardinal teeth-to-pallial line length (PSP) are evaluated as proxy measures for shell length. Linear regression models based on PLL and PSP using modern mussels demonstrate that they are accurate proxies of shell length for multiple species from a variety of habitats. In addition, ontogenetic-age structures for a modern sample and for two late Holocene assemblages from north Texas are developed using PLL and PSP. These techniques are useful tools for evaluating past ecological conditions of freshwater mussel populations when large samples are available for study, which expands analytical potential of zooarchaeological studies of prehistoric unionid remains.
DNA barcode development for three recent exotic whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) invaders in Florida

Abstract Several new whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) species have become established in Florida in the past decade. Three of these, fig whitefly (FW), rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW), and Bondar's nesting whitefly (BNW), have caused noticeable damage to residential plants in the landscape including ficus hedges, palms, and bird of paradise. Whiteflies are difficult to identify and 4th instar nymphs are needed for morphological identification making whiteflies good candidates for identification via DNA barcoding. A DNA barcoding cocktail to amplify the 5′ end of the coxI mitochondrial gene from these species was developed. Subsequently, primers were developed for each species, validated with multiple populations collected throughout Florida, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed for placement of the 3 species in the whitefly tree of life. Besides FW, RSW, and BNW, 2 additional species of whiteflies were detected in collections, namely Paraleyrodes pseudonaranjae Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and a sp...
Bookmarking by specific and nonspecific binding of FoxA1 pioneer factor to mitotic chromosomes

While most transcription factors exit the chromatin during mitosis and the genome becomes silent, a subset of factors remains and “bookmarks” genes for rapid reactivation as cells progress through the cell cycle. However, it is unknown whether such bookmarking factors bind to chromatin similarly in mitosis and how different binding capacities among them relate to function. We compared a diverse set of transcription factors involved in liver differentiation and found markedly different extents of mitotic chromosome binding. Among them, the pioneer factor FoxA1 exhibits the greatest extent of mitotic chromosome binding. Genomically, ∼15% of the FoxA1 interphase target sites are bound in mitosis, including at genes that are important for liver differentiation. Biophysical, genome mapping, and mutagenesis studies of FoxA1 reveals two different modes of binding to mitotic chromatin. Specific binding in mitosis occurs at sites that continue to be bound from interphase. Nonspecific binding in mitosis occurs across the chromosome due to the intrinsic chromatin affinity of FoxA1. Both specific and nonspecific binding contribute to timely reactivation of target genes post-mitosis. These studies reveal an unexpected diversity in the mechanisms by which transcription factors help retain cell identity during mitosis.
Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect

Efforts to understand and mitigate the health effects of particulate matter (PM) air pollution have a rich and interesting history. This review focuses on six substantial lines of research that have been pursued since 1997 that have helped elucidate our understanding about the effects of PM on human health. There has been substantial progress in the evaluation of PM health effects at different time-scales of exposure and in the exploration of the shape of the concentration-response function. There has also been emerging evidence of PM-related cardiovascular health effects and growing knowledge regarding interconnected general pathophysiological pathways that link PM exposure with cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Despite important gaps in scientific knowledge and continued reasons for some skepticism, a comprehensive evaluation of the research findings provides persuasive evidence that exposure to fine particulate air pollution has adverse effects on cardiopulmonary health. Although much of this research has been motivated by environmental public health policy, these results have important scientific, medical, and public health implications that are broader than debates over legally mandated air quality standards.
Solution of the transport equation by the BIF method

Abstract A research code and applications code are described for the numerical solution of the three dimensional linearized and stationary transport equation over a finite domain which is subdivided into a finite number of parallelepipeds. The main program uses only flux densities at the boundaries and interfaces but at no other interior points. This minimizes the order of the associated matrix equations needed for the numerical solution, but requires a good knowledge of the analytic behaviour of the mathematical solution of the problem. Because only Boundary and Interface Functions are used, this approach is called the BIF method.
Server cost minimization in a distributed servers architecture for on-demand video services

In this letter, we present analytical solutions to compute the optimal lengths of prefixes in a distributed servers architecture for on-demand video services which minimize total storage cost or total streaming cost. Our optimal solutions improve the approximate solutions proposed in a previous paper.
Design and characterization of adaptive microbolometers

We report the first practical results on design and characterization of adaptive microbolometers with a thermally tuned responsivity. Such devices are needed to simultaneously image scenes that contain objects at ambient and extremely hot temperatures. In the high detectivity state, the microbolometers are operated similar to standard commercial devices. In the low detectivity state, portions of the support beams are brought in contact with the substrate, which thermally shorts the devices on a pixel-by-pixel basis. This is the first time this concept has been practically implemented in a microbolometer device architecture as opposed to simple cantilever beams and plates. The maximum actuation voltage is set to 17 V, and the thermal conductances, responsivities and detectivities of a typical device can be switched more than an order of magnitude between 1.65 × 10−5 W K−1 and 2.99 × 10−4 W K−1, between 1.5 V W−1 and 0.2 V W−1 and between 1.8 × 106 cm Hz1/2 W−1 and 1.5 × 105 cm Hz1/2 W−1, respectively. This extends the dynamic range of the device more than an order of magnitude. The device pixel size is 100 µm ×100 µm.
Variation in occurrence of the fish-parasitic cymothoid isopod, Anilocra haemuli, infecting French grunt (Haemulon flavolineatum) in the north-eastern Caribbean

Parasites constitute the majority of coral reef animal diversity and are believed to contribute significantly to host, community and trophic dynamics. Anilocra spp. are large conspicuous ectoparasitic isopods, making them ideal models for host–parasite studies. In the tropical western Atlantic and Caribbean, Anilocra haemuli infects the ecologically important French grunt (Haemulon flavolineatum). French grunt are trophic connectors between reef and seagrass environments, and how A. haemuli infection influences connectivity is unknown. As a first step in understanding the French grunt–A. haemuli association, we conducted reef surveys during three consecutive years to quantify the abundance and prevalence of infected fish on reef sites in the north-eastern Caribbean. We examined their correlations with fish population and aggregation size, and social affiliation. Annual infected fish abundance and prevalence per site ranged from 0–24 fish and 0–66%. Prevalence: (1) appeared autocorrelated within bays among years; (2) was inversely correlated with population and aggregation size, although the statistical significance varied; and (3) was greater for solitary than aggregating fish. Our study provides the most comprehensive dataset for prevalence of any Anilocra spp., and the necessary baseline data for future studies on Anilocra–host dynamics, and the effect of parasites on trophic and habitat connectivity.
Repeatability of Net Economic Effeciency in Dairy Cattle and Role of Some Economic Variables as Its Predictors

Abstract This investigation was to explore the possibility of improving net profitability in dairy cattle. Net profitability was measured as: 1) total profit; 2) profit per day of herd life; and 3) profit per unit of investment. Repeatabilities were estimated by three methods from two data sets consisting of 202 observations on 78 Holstein cows up to the end of their third calving interval. Repeatabilities of cumulative measures ranged from .6 to .8. Repeatabilities of noncumulative measures of profitability were approximately .4 for total profit and .3 for the other two measures. Correlations between economic variables in first lactation and the three measures of lifetime net profitability show that first lactation total income (correlations .41 to .64), value of product (.42 to .65), value of fat (.37 to .59), value of protein (.46 to .65), feed cost (.3 3 to .57), mastitis cost (−.20 to −.44), and services cost (−.15 to −.36) were significant predictors of the lifetime traits. Value of calves, salvage value, total expense, and initial inventory cost were of little predictive value. Correlations of most economic variables with herd life were low. Correlations of heifer body weight at different ages and age at first calving with all the different lifetime measures of economic efficiency were near zero. Number of services and days open had low negative associations with measures of economic efficiency.
Automatic estimation of the second subglottal resonance from natural speech

This paper deals with the automatic estimation of the second subglottal resonance (Sg2) from natural speech spoken by adults, since our previous work focused only on estimating Sg2 from isolated diphthongs. A new database comprising speech and subglottal data of native American English (AE) speakers and bilingual Spanish/English speakers was used for the analysis. Data from 11 speakers (6 females and 5 males) were used to derive an empirical relation among the second and third formant frequencies (F2 and F3) and Sg2. Using the derived relation, Sg2 was automatically estimated from voiced sounds in English and Spanish sentences spoken by 20 different speakers (10 males and 10 females). On average, the error in estimating Sg2 was less than 100 Hz in at least 9 isolated AE vowels and less than 40 Hz in continuous speech consisting of English or Spanish sentences.
Backbone dynamics of sequence specific recognition and binding by the yeast Pho4 bHLH domain probed by NMR

Backbone dynamics of the basic/helix-loop-helix domain of Pho4 from Saccharomyces cerevisae have been probed by NMR techniques, in the absence of DNA, nonspecifically bound to DNA and bound to cognate DNA. Alpha proton chemical shift indices and nuclear Overhauser effect patterns were used to elucidate the secondary structure in these states. These secondary structures are compared to the co-crystal complex of Pho4 bound to a cognate DNA sequence (Shimizu T. Toumoto A, Ihara K, Shimizu M, Kyogou Y, Ogawa N, Oshima Y, Hakoshima T, 1997, EMBO J 15: 4689-4697). The dynamic information provides insight into the nature of this DNA binding domain as it progresses from free in solution to a specifically bound DNA complex. Relative to the unbound form, we show that formation of either the nonspecific and cognate DNA bound complexes involves a large change in conformation and backbone dynamics of the basic region. The nonspecific and cognate complexes, however, have nearly identical secondary structure and backbone dynamics. We also present evidence for conformational flexibility at a highly conserved glutamate basic region residue. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of sequence specific recognition and binding.
Treatment Response to an Intensive Summer Treatment Program for Adolescents With ADHD

Objective:There are presently almost no empirically validated treatments for adolescents with ADHD. However, in childhood, behavioral treatments for ADHD typically include behavioral parent training, classroom interventions, and intensive child-directed interventions.Method:The present investigation examines treatment gains following an 8-week intensive summer day treatment program for adolescents with ADHD (STP-A). Baseline measures of functioning and parent improvement ratings were obtained for 34 STP-A participants.Results:Parent ratings indicated that adolescents who attended the STP-A improved across all target domains. Across domains, 63.0% to 90.9% of adolescents improved during the STP-A. There was no evidence of iatrogenic effects during the STP-A. Correlates of treatment response included adolescent effort, oppositional-defiant behavior, and cognitive/scholastic functioning.Conclusion:Findings are discussed with regard to effective treatment delivery for adolescents with ADHD.
Structural origin of slow diffusion in protein folding

Experimental, theoretical, and computational studies of small proteins suggest that interresidue contacts not present in the folded structure play little or no role in the self-assembly mechanism. Non-native contacts can, however, influence folding kinetics by introducing additional local minima that slow diffusion over the global free-energy barrier between folded and unfolded states. Here, we combine single-molecule fluorescence with all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to discover the structural origin for the slow diffusion that markedly decreases the folding rate for a designed α-helical protein. Our experimental determination of transition path times and our analysis of the simulations point to non-native salt bridges between helices as the source, which provides a quantitative glimpse of how specific intramolecular interactions influence protein folding rates by altering dynamics and not activation free energies.
Assessing the characteristic between length of hypoxic exposure and serum erythropoietin levels

We examined the relationship between the duration of hypoxic exposure and serum erythropoietin (EPO) production. Adult male Long-Evans rats were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (HH = 0.5 atm) for a period of 15 min to 20 days. Serum for EPO by radioimmunoassay was collected immediately, 1 or 2 h after HH exposure. A significant rise in EPO levels occurred 1 h after a 30-min HH exposure that was not sustained 2 h after termination. One hour of HH exposure resulted in increased EPO levels 1 h after termination of exposure and further increased levels 2 h after termination of exposure. With prolonged exposure, serum levels remained elevated at 6 and 20 days, despite the development of polycythemia. We concluded that the hypoxic stimulus for elevation of serum EPO could be as short as 30 min and that EPO levels remained elevated after chronic HH. The experimental data were consistent with a mathematical model in which stimulated EPO production was proportional to the time of HH stimulus.
Mugshot Compliance for Face Image Quality

Mugshots taken by the Indiana Department of Corrections (IDOC) were analyzed for face recognition image quality. The mugshots provided by the IDOC was an assortment from different times and locations. 9,291 images were run through BSPALabs PreFace in the NIST Mugshot Best Practice Profile to observe compliance with ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000. Previous study done by Hale et al. revealed the noncompliance of IDOC images for NIST approved mugshots. The current test replicates Hale et al.'s methodology with latest update to the PreFace image quality analysis program in order to observe current compliance.
Greenwashed sports and environmental activism: Formula 1 and FIFA†

Formula 1 motor sport and the Men's World Cup of association football, two major sporting events on our calendars, are indirectly and directly responsible for environmental despoliation. They serve as advertisements for heavy industry, are designed for elite as much as mass consumption, and provide sponsors with dubious social licenses to operate. This occurs through the very mechanisms of the events themselves (engines in Formula 1, tourism in the World Cup) as well as their promotional externalities. I look at greenwashing claims made about these two sporting events and examine counter-discourses, then investigate economic and ecological citizenship. I suggest that a progressive agenda can be forwarded if Greenpeace, which runs campaigns related to these sports, works with its fellow elites, in the case of Formula 1, and with fans in the case of football. Doing so may be more effective than business-as-usual direct action.
Road Crossing in Sigmodon hispidus and Microtus ochrogaster

Etude de l'effet de routes relativement petites sur les deplacements de ces rongeurs suivant les saisons. La dimension de l'espace inhospitalier que constitue une route ne serait pas le facteur le plus critique determinant la traversee de la route. Le probleme de l'impact d'une route sur la diversite genetique est difficile a cerner
Maize Silk pH as an Indicator of Resistance to the Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

To investigate whether the pH of maize, Zea mays (L.), silks could serve as a useful screening criterion for resistance to the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), the relationship between silk pH of six maize genotypes and damage resulting from artificial infestation of ears with corn earworm larvae was determined. Higher mean pH values generally corresponded to reduced corn earworm damage. Silk pH of all entries increased as silks matured. When silk pH and corn earworm damage were determined in four cycles of selection of a maize population which had undergone recurrent selection for corn earworm resistance, a significant linear relationship between pH and cycle of selection was observed. Significant correlations were observed between silk pH and corn earworm damage and between the percentage of plants with nonbrowning silks and corn earworm damage. There appears to be only limited potential for using silk pH or the nonbrowning silk trait as the sole screening criterion for corn earworm resistance, but when combined with other criteria, they will contribute to increased corn earworm resistance screening sensitivity.
Rethinking the Life Cycle

Carol Gilligan criticized Erik Erikson’s account of the human life cycle for its sexist assumptions, but never offered an alternative general account. This can be done, however, by drawing on recent ideas about balancing career and family. An adult identity is forged through a “choice” of how much to emphasize career (or individual self-fulfillment) and how much to emphasize family (or relationships) in one’s life. Erikson skimped on the relationship issues intrinsic to human development, but his work gives us the material we need for a fuller and non-sexist picture of development that treats males and females as facing the same basic developmental issues.
The Conventional Account of Liberalization

The purpose of this chapter is to outline elements of the emerging dominant account used to explain India's liberalization of communications policies. Rapid changes in India's economic policy in 1991, followed by movements toward currency convertibility in subsequent years, are the main concerns of many studies of policy liberalization. A large number of liberal economic policies with significant implications for communciations were implemented from 1987 to 1992. The new economic policy of the summer of 1991, the budgets of 1992 and 1993 and various other announcements of the Congress party government of Prime Minister VP. Narasimha Rao accelerated the shift away from an import-substitution, planned, and stateled approach to economic development.1
Therapeutic Treatment Approaches for Ethnically Diverse Survivors of Interpersonal Trauma

Traumatic experiences may lead to multiple negative mental health consequences, including PTSD, depression, and suicidal ideation. Ethnically diverse people, particularly those who are impoverished, are at increased risk for various traumatic experiences such as intimate partner violence, sexual assault, community violence, and child abuse. While there have been a number of treatments that have evidenced significant reductions in symptoms of distress among trauma survivors, few of these approaches have acknowledged and investigated the role of culture in the trauma recovery process. There are however some promising practices and a few evidenced-based culturally appropriate interventions. This chapter will review current literature on treatment approaches for ethnically diverse survivors. There is a need for more attention to underserved trauma survivors, including but not limited to ethnically diverse survivors.
Synthetic wind speed scenarios generation for probabilistic analysis of hybrid energy systems

Abstract Hybrid energy systems consisting of multiple energy inputs and multiple energy outputs have been proposed to be an effective element to enable ever increasing penetration of clean energy. In order to better understand the dynamic and probabilistic behavior of hybrid energy systems, this paper proposes a model combining Fourier series and autoregressive moving average (ARMA) to characterize historical weather measurements and to generate synthetic weather (e.g., wind speed) data. In particular, Fourier series is used to characterize the seasonal trend in historical data, while ARMA is applied to capture the autocorrelation in residue time series (e.g., measurements with seasonal trends subtracted). The generated synthetic wind speed data is then utilized to perform probabilistic analysis of a particular hybrid energy system configuration, which consists of nuclear power plant, wind farm, battery storage, natural gas boiler, and chemical plant. Requirements on component ramping rate, economic and environmental impacts of hybrid energy systems, and the effects of deploying different sizes of batteries in smoothing renewable variability, are all investigated.
First use of patient reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) measures in adults with neurofibromatosis.

The patient reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) provides clinicians and researchers access to reliable, validated measures of physical, mental, and social well-being. The use of PROMIS can facilitate comparisons among clinical subpopulations and with the U.S. general population. We report on the first study using PROMIS measures in patients with neurofibromatosis (NF). Eighty-six adult patients (mean age = 44; 55% female; 87% white; 50% NF1, 41% NF2 and 9% schwannomatosis) completed a battery of PROMIS computerized adaptive tests (CATs). Across all PROMIS instruments, mean scores for each CAT were between 48.97 and 52.60, which is within ±0.5 SD of the U.S. general population norms. However, scores were distributed across a broad range for each PROMIS measure (±3 SDs). Clinically meaningful scores (defined >1 SD impairment) were observed in 20% (pain interference), 17% (pain behavior), 16% (physical function), 16% (anxiety), 16% (depression), 15% (satisfaction with social roles), 13% (fatigue), 6% (anger), and 5% (satisfaction with discretionary social activities) of the sample. All PROMIS measures were highly interrelated in bivariate analysis (P ≤ .001). There were no differences in PROMIS scores by disease type (NF1, NF2 and schwannomatosis), or self reported learning disabilities, or compared with the US population. Scores suggest a broad continuum of symptoms and functioning in patients with NF that is not affected by NF type, as well as interrelation among the physical and psychosocial domains as measured by PROMIS. PROMIS measures may be useful in clinical practice to monitor changes in symptoms and functioning over time, as well as in clinical trials to determine patient reported changes during drug and psychosocial clinical trials.
Evolutionary trajectories of duplicated FT homologues and their roles in soybean domestication.

Summary To clarify the molecular bases of flowering time evolution in crop domestication, here we investigate the evolutionary fates of a set of four recently duplicated genes in soybean: FT2a, FT2b, FT2c and FT2d that are homologs of the floral inducer FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). While FT2a maintained the flowering inducer function, other genes went through contrasting evolutionary paths. FT2b evolved attenuated expression potentially associated with a transposon insertion in the upstream intergenic region, while FT2c and FT2d obtained a transposon insertion and structural rearrangement, respectively. In contrast to FT2b and FT2d whose mutational events occurred before the separation of G. max and G. soja, the evolution of FT2c is a G. max-lineage specific event. The FT2c allele carrying a transposon insertion is nearly fixed in soybean landraces and differentiates domesticated soybean from wild soybean, indicating that this allele spread at the early stage of soybean domestication. The domesticated allele causes later flowering than the wild allele under short day and exhibits a signature of selection. These findings suggest that FT2c may have underpinned the evolution of photoperiodic flowering regulation in soybean domestication and highlight the evolutionary dynamics of this agronomically important gene family. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Compliance Resulting from Anxiety Created by the Threat of Shock

Subjects who were made anxious by the threat of shock exhibited greater levels of compliance in regard to agreeing to answer a questionnaire of very personal items than subjects not threatened with shock. A significant difference between the two groups was obtained by Fisher’s exact probability chi-square formula. The finding that anxiety alone produces compliance indicates that factors other than yielding of personal responsibility to authority may have contributed to previous findings regarding compliance.
The Chief Primary Care Medical Officer: Restoring Continuity

The year 2016 marked the 20th anniversary of the hospitalist profession, with more than 50,000 physicians identifying as hospitalists. The Achilles heel of hospitalist medicine, however, is discontinuity. Despite many current payment and delivery systems rewarding this discontinuity and severing long-term relationships between patient and primary care teams at the hospital door, primary care does not stop being important when a person is admitted to the hospital. The notion of a broken primary care continuum is not an academic construct, it causes real harm to patients. As a step toward fixing the discontinuity in our health care systems, we propose that every hospital needs a Chief Primary Care Medical Officer (CPCMO), an expert in practice across the spectrum of care. The CPCMO can lead hospital efforts to create systems that ensure primary care’s continuum is complete, while strengthening physician collaboration across specialties, and moving toward achieving the Quadruple Aim of enhancing patient experience, improving population health, reducing costs, and improving the work life of health care providers. For hospitals operating on value-based payment structures, anticipated improvement in measurable outcomes such as decreased length of stay, decreased readmission rates, improved transitions of care, improved patient satisfaction, improved access to primary care, and improved patient health, will enhance the rate of return on the hospital’s investment. The speciality of family medicine should reevaluate our purpose, and reembrace our mission as personal physicians by championing the creation of Chief Primary Care Medical Officers.
Vancomycin and linear IgA bullous dermatosis

Vancomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is considered an optimal parenteral treatment for many infections, including septicemia, pneumonia, cellulitis, endocarditis, and meningitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It is the first-line treatment for the increasing health care-associated infection Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis. More side effects are being reported secondary to increased vancomycin use. Of those side effects, skin reactions are becoming more recognized by physicians.
Simulation Study of the Process Parameters of a New Precision Grinding Method

A new method for precision surface grinding which is termed “workpiece modulation” is studied in this paper. Simulations and experiments have shown that workpiece modulation improves ground surface quality. Simulations show that surface texture as quantified by 2D power spectrum for a single pass with modulation is similar to surface texture from a multiple pass grinding operation without modulation. The effect of process parameters of this new process is analyzed by factorially designed simulations. General rules for selecting grinding process parameters for this new method are given based on the simulation.
A temperature-dependent study of the ozonolysis of propene

The ozonolysis of propene has been investigated in a temperature controlled reaction chamber at 295, 260, and 230 K. Experiments were performed using a total zero air pressure of 760 Torr (STP) and propene/ozone reactant mixing ratios ranging from 2.3 to 23 ppmv. An analysis of FTIR spectra collected at the conclusion of each reaction revealed that methane was formed with a yield of 0.14 ± 0.03 (precision) for all the temperatures investigated.In addition, the yield of HCHO decreased from 0.67 ± 0.04 to 0.43± 0.03 upon cooling from 295 to 230 K, whereas the yield of HCOOH increased from 0.11 ± 0.02 to 0.53 ± 0.04. Experiments were also performedusing an excess of cyclohexane (to scavenge OH) and it was found that the formaldehyde yield was 0.79 ± 0.05 and 0.61 ± 0.04 at 295 and260 K, respectively. Finally, to more fully understand the reaction energies involved in product formation, we have performed molecular orbital calculations of heats of formation of reactants, stable intermediates, and products. Three conclusions can be made of this work. First, the reaction CH2OO + Aldehyde → Secondary Ozonide → HCOOH + Aldehyde is not an important mechanism in formic acid production. Second, the decomposition of the primary ozonide products (e.g., C2 radical species) appears to occur, in part, by a thermal mechanism (e.g., thermalized to chamber temperature). Third, ab initio resultscombined with experiment reveal no correlation between reaction exothermicity and products formed (e.g., kinetically dictated product formation occurs). The abinitio database is provided nevertheless as a starting point for transition state calculations to be performed in the future. Finally, since formaldehyde yield decreases by at most ∼ 35% with decreasing temperature and formic acid is relatively unreactive in the atmosphere, our results suggest that temperature-dependent HCHO yield will constitute only a minor perturbation to HOx formation in the middle troposphere.
Children With Dyslexia Benefit From Orthographic Facilitation During Spoken Word Learning.

Purpose Orthographic facilitation describes the phenomenon in which a spoken word is produced more accurately when its corresponding written word is present during learning. We examined the orthogr...
Decision Problems in Queueing Theory

In Chapter 1 we identified three types of problems occurring in queueing theory. These related to the behavioral, statistical, and operational decision-making aspects of queueing systems. In Chapters 4–9 we described probability models used in understanding system behavior and in Chapter 10 we discussed how statistical techniques can be employed to choose the right models. In this chapter, we address some of the simpler decision problems that arise in the operation of queueing systems.
Front Propagation, Interfacial Growth and Pinning in a Computer-Simulation Model

A computer-simulation model is used to study the spread of a wetting fluid carried by a fixed number of mobile carriers released from the source. Effect of a driven field and the quenched impurity barriers on the motion of the front and the evolution of the interface width is investigated. Strength of the bias (B) and the concentration p of the impurities governs the power-law behavior for the front propagation and in interface growth with time with pinning at characteristic values of B and p.
On Atypical Variational Problems

In this short note I describe some minimum problems of the Calculus of Variations which were encountered in work on index problems of plane vector fields. Although the integrands involved are essentially positive, yet the Eulerian fails to have elliptic character in spite of the second variation being positive. A more extensive treatment and its application to index questions I hope to present at a later date.