cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethnocultural considerations in family therapy

Concepts of culture occur in multiple aspects of American life, particularly in family relationships. Family therapists must view troubled families through a cultural lens to best assess, diagnose, and treat them. This includes understanding basic tenets of a culture, demonstrating respect, and developing an awareness of one’s own culture. The purpose of this paper is to examine ethnicity, acculturation, and culturally competent family therapy interventions for five major “ethnocultures” prevalent in communities in the United States. Acknowledging the influence of ethnocultural factors helps the family therapist to understand how families view their problems and how they can be successfully treated.
Adiabatic reverse combustion in a packed bed

Downward propagation of a combustion front in a packed bed of wood particles, with air supply from below, is examined theoretically and experimentally. Using a single-step reaction, with a kinetic model of char oxidation as the dominant mechanism, and assuming local thermal equilibrium, but allowing a local chemical nonequilibrium between the solid and gas phases, the front speed u F, the adiabatic temperature T r, and the extent of solid consumption ( p)7/( p )s are determined as functions of the entering air pole-velocity (u)n s. Both oxygen-limited and fuel-limited regimes, with the boundary marked by the stoichiometric burning, are examined. In the oxygen-limited regime, T,., u F, ( p),S/( p),s, and the thickness of the front 6F all increase with (u),, g. In the fuel-limited regime, the reverse occurs and the extinction at high (u),, g is predicted. In the oxygen-limited regime, where the bed is not yet fluidized, the experimental results are in good agreement with the predictions. NOMENCLATURE a a pre-exponential factor (s- 1 ) Asg solid-gas surface area (m- 1 ) Cp specific heat capacity (J/kg-K) d diameter (m) D total thermal diffusivity (m2/s) D m mass diffusivity (mZ//s) D d axial thermal dispersion coefficient (m2//s) A E a activation energy for reaction (J//mole) F radiation exchange factor Ai c heat of combustion (J/kg) k thermal conductivity (W/m-K) K kinetic rate (s- 1 ) h d diffusion-controlled reaction rate (kg//m3-s) haE kinetically controlled reaction rate (kg//m3-s) h reaction rate (kg/m3-s) Leg gas Lewis number Pe d P6clet number Rg gas constant (J/mole-K) Sc Schmidt number (Shd)Sg Sherwood number t time (s) T temperature (K) u velocity (m/s) V representative elementary volume (m 3)
Current status of molecular electronics

Recent advances stimulated by several new developments in science and technology that have occurred in the last few years are reviewed. These developments are the emergence of scanning transmission microscopy and the gains in nanolithography which have been fueled by the trend toward miniaturization and compaction in solid-state technology. Two areas of development have emerged as the result: the biological approach to molecular electronics, using both ideas and materials from biology, and molecular electronics using nonbiological materials. >
Surface processes recorded by rocks and soils on Meridiani Planum, Mars: Microscopic Imager observations during Opportunity's first three extended missions

The Microscopic Imager (MI) on the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has returned images of Mars with higher resolution than any previous camera system, allowing detailed petrographic and sedimentological studies of the rocks and soils at the Meridiani Planum landing site. Designed to simulate a geologist's hand lens, the MI is mounted on Opportunity's instrument arm and can resolve objects 0.1 mm across or larger. This paper provides an overview of MI operations, data calibration, and analysis of MI data returned during the first 900 sols (Mars days) of the Opportunity landed mission. Analyses of Opportunity MI data have helped to resolve major questions about the origin of observed textures and features. These studies support eolian sediment transport, rather than impact surge processes, as the dominant depositional mechanism for Burns formation strata. MI stereo observations of a rock outcrop near the rim of Erebus Crater support the previous interpretation of similar sedimentary structures in Eagle Crater as being formed by surficial flow of liquid water. Well-sorted spherules dominate ripple surfaces on the Meridiani plains, and the size of spherules between ripples decreases by about 1 mm from north to south along Opportunity's traverse between Endurance and Erebus craters.
Expression of mucin-type glycoprotein K88 receptors strongly correlates with piglet susceptibility to K88(+) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, but adhesion of this bacterium to brush borders does not.

Three antigenic variants of the K88 fimbrial adhesin exist in nature, K88ab, K88ac, and K88ad. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains that produce these fimbriae cause life-threatening diarrhea in some but not all young pigs. The susceptibility of pigs to these organisms has been correlated with the adherence of bacteria to isolated enterocyte brush borders. Whether that correlation holds for multiple K88 variants and over a broad genetic base of pigs is unknown and was the impetus for this study. We also desired to examine the correlation of the expression of a porcine intestinal brush border mucin-type glycoprotein (IMTGP) which binds K88ab and K88ac with the susceptibility of piglets to K88+ ETEC. Of 31 neonatal gnotobiotic pigs inoculated with K88ab+ or K88ac+ ETEC, 13 developed severe diarrhea, became dehydrated, and died or became moribund. Another pig became severely lethargic but not dehydrated. In vitro brush border adherence analysis was not possible for 10 of the severely ill pigs due to colonization by challenge strains. However, of the 17 pigs that did not become severely ill, 8 (47%) had brush borders that supported the adherence of K88ab+ and K88ac+ bacteria in vitro, suggesting a poor correlation between in vitro brush border adherence and piglet susceptibility to K88+ ETEC. By contrast, the expression of IMTGP was highly correlated with susceptibility to K88+ ETEC. Of the 12 pigs that produced IMTGP, 11 developed severe diarrhea. The other pig that produced IMTGP became lethargic but not severely diarrheic. Only 2 of 18 pigs that did not produce IMTGP became severely diarrheic. Colonizing bacteria were observed in histologic sections of intestines from all pigs that expressed IMTGP except for the one that did not develop severe diarrhea. However, colonizing bacteria were observed in histologic sections from only one pig that did not produce IMTGP. The bacterial concentration in the jejuna and ilea of pigs expressing IMTGP was significantly greater (P < 0.005) than that in pigs not expressing IMTGP. These observations suggest the IMTGP is a biologically relevant receptor for K88ab+ and K88ac+ E. coli or a correlate for expression for such a receptor.
Efficient estimation in marginal partially linear models for longitudinal/clustered data using splines

Abstract. We consider marginal semiparametric partially linear models for longitudinal/clustered data and propose an estimation procedure based on a spline approximation of the non-parametric part of the model and an extension of the parametric marginal generalized estimating equations (GEE). Our estimates of both parametric part and non-parametric part of the model have properties parallel to those of parametric GEE, that is, the estimates are efficient if the covariance structure is correctly specified and they are still consistent and asymptotically normal even if the covariance structure is misspecified. By showing that our estimate achieves the semiparametric information bound, we actually establish the efficiency of estimating the parametric part of the model in a stronger sense than what is typically considered for GEE. The semiparametric efficiency of our estimate is obtained by assuming only conditional moment restrictions instead of the strict multivariate Gaussian error assumption.
A search for 6Li in stars with planets

Using very high-resolution (R ∼ 125 000) and high-quality (signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 350) spectra, we have searched for 6 Li in stars hosting extrasolar planets. From detailed profile-fitting of the Li I resonance line at 6707.7 A, we find no significant amount of 6 Li relative to 7 Li for any of eight planet-bearing stars ( 6 Lι/ 7 Li ≤ 0.0-4.03) with strong Li I lines. In particular, we do not confirm the presence of 6 Li with 6 Lι/ 7 Li = 0.13 reported by Israelian et al. for HD 82943, a star with two known planets. Several of the eight stars plus HD 219542 A, the planetless primary of a binary, have been identified in the literature as possible recipients of accreted terrestrial material. For all of the planet-hosting stars and an additional five planetless stars, we find no 6 Li.
Propagation of Calibration Errors in Prospective Motion Correction Using External Tracking

Purpose Prospective motion correction of MRI scans using an external tracking device (such as a camera) is becoming increasingly popular, especially for imaging of the head. In order for external tracking data to be transformed into the MR scanner reference frame, the pose (position and orientation) of the camera relative to the scanner (cross-calibration) must be known accurately. In this work, we investigate how errors in the cross-calibration affect the accuracy of motion correction feedback in MRI.
"Piecewise-quadratic" synthesis of an exponential characteristic with an array of square-law MOSFETs

The author presents a procedure for synthesizing an MOS circuit with an approximately exponential voltage-current characteristic. Analysis of an infinite array of ideal MOSFETs yields mathematically convenient results, which guide the development of an algorithm for finite arrays of nonideal MOSFETs. Given a desired exponential function, the design algorithm determines the required MOSFET device sizes. >
Cross-lingual propagation for morphological analysis

Multilingual parallel text corpora provide a powerful means for propagating linguistic knowledge across languages. We present a model which jointly learns linguistic structure for each language while inducing links between them. Our model supports fully symmetrical knowledge transfer, utilizing any combination of supervised and unsupervised data across language barriers. The proposed non-parametric Bayesian model effectively combines cross-lingual alignment with target language predictions. This architecture is a potent alternative to projection methods which decompose these decisions into two separate stages. We apply this approach to the task of morphological segmentation, where the goal is to separate a word into its individual morphemes. When tested on a parallel corpus of Hebrew and Arabic, our joint bilingual model effectively incorporates all available evidence from both languages, yielding significant performance gains.
Modelling Natural Resource Commodity Supply, Demand, and Trade: Experiences with Forest Products

Experiences with models of forest products supply, demand, and trade are reviewed. The conditions prompting the analysis, as well as philosophies underlying model building are described. The features of the most common approach to forest sector modelling in the United States — spatial equilibrium modelling — are outlined, and issues and problems in forest sector and trade models are examined.
Comment on “Detection of multiply deuterated methane in the atmosphere”

It has recently been reported [Mroz et al., 1989] that the abundance of mass-20 isotopes of methane (CH4), which correspond to either of the highly deuterated forms 12CD4 or 13CHD3, is some 500 times that expected based on the statistical combination of H, D, 12C, and 13C and observed CH4 amounts. These authors then suggested that it is possible that the enhanced concentration of these species is due to their longer lifetimes than that of CH4 itself because of their slower rate of loss by reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH). We have tested this hypothesis with a two-dimensional atmospheric chemical-dynamical model and found that no large enhancements of 13CHD3 and 12CD4 can result in this way; in the troposphere enhancement factors of between 4 and 5 and between 7 and 8, respectively, were found, with enhancements becoming only slightly larger (14 and 25, respectively) in the stratosphere. The factor of 500 enhancement reported by Mroz et al. must have other origins.
Multiple rounds of transcription by RNA polymerase II at covalently cross-linked templates

An important control point for gene regulation is the frequency of initiations leading to different numbers of RNA polymerases simultaneously transcribing the same gene. To date, the only direct assay for multiple-round transcription by RNA polymerase II in vitro required G-free cassette-containing templates and GTP-free conditions and was thus restricted in application. Here we used instead templates containing a triplex-directed interstrand psoralen-DNA cross-link to block RNA polymerase II elongation at a specific location. Covalently cross-linked templates allowed simultaneous detection of both specific initiation and reinitiation with any combination of promoter and transcribed sequence. In reconstituted systems, identical stacking of RNA polymerases was observed when the first polymerase was halted by GTP deprivation at the end of a G-free cassette or by a covalent cross-link downstream of different transcribed sequences. In contrast to transcription of G-free cassettes, reinitiation was unaffected by the transcription factor SII on sequences containing all four nucleotides. In crude nuclear extracts, transcription of covalently cross-linked templates yielded a reinitiation pattern with a wider spacing than in more purified fractions, indicating that the elongation complexes from nuclear extract contained a different form of RNA polymerase II or a different complement of associated factors.
Formation of a cationic alkylidene complex via formal hydride abstraction: synthesis and structural characterization of [W(PMe3)4(η2-CHPMe2)H]X (X = Br, I).

W(PMe3)4(η2-CH2PMe2)H reacts with aryl halides to give the alkylidene complex, [W(PMe3)4(η2-CHPMe2)H]+, which reacts with LiAlD4 to give selectively W(PMe3)4(η2-CHDPMe2)H, in which the deuterium resides in the methylene group; subsequent migration of deuterium from the methylene group provides a means to measure the rate constant for the formation of the 16-electron species [W(PMe3)5] from W(PMe3)4(η2-CH2PMe2)H.
Acquisition and evaluation of thermodynamic data for bieberite-moorhouseite equilibria at 0.1 MPa

Published estimates for the equilibrium relative humidity (RH) at 25 °C for the reaction: bieberite (CoSO4·7H2O) = moorhouseite (CoSO4·6H2O) + H2O, range from 69.8 to 74.5%. To evaluate these data, the humidity-buffer technique was used to determine equilibrium constants for this reaction between 14 and 43 °C at 0.1 MPa. Reversals along five humidity-buffer curves yield ln K = 18.03–6509.43/ T , where K is the equilibrium constant, and T is temperature in K. The derived standard Gibbs free energy of reaction is 9.43 kJ/mol, which agrees well with several previously reported values based on vapor-pressure measurements. It also agrees well with values calculated from the data derived mostly from calorimetric measurements. Previous studies indicated that the temperature of the invariant point for the assemblage bieberite-moorhouseite-aqueous solution-vapor is near 44.7 °C, and our extrapolated data predict 91.1% RH at this temperature; the predicted position for the invariant point is in excellent agreement with those reported previously.
Effect of nitric oxide on calcium-induced calcium release in coronary arterial smooth muscle.

Thepresentstudywasdesignedtodeterminewhethernitricoxide(NO)-inducedreductionof[Ca 2+ ]iisassociatedwithCa 2+ -inducedCa 2+ release(CICR)incoronaryarterialsmoothmusclecells(CASMCs).CaffeinewasusedasaCICRactivatortoinduceCa 2+ releaseinthesecells. The effects ofNOdonor,sodium nitroprusside(SNP), oncaffeine-inducedCa 2+ releasewere examinedin freshly dissociated bovineCASMCs
Identification of a histamine release inhibitory factor produced by human mononuclear cells in vitro.

Abstract Human mononuclear cells (MNC) secrete histamine-releasing factor(s) (HRF) when cultured in vitro. HRF induces the release of histamine and other mediators from basophils and mast cells. We have shown that MNC also produced a histamine release inhibitory factor (HRIF), and that the synthesis is augmented by culture with physiologic concentrations of histamine (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) and by the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). HRIF does not affect release initiated by other secretagogues such as allergen, anti-IgE, C5a, Con A, and phorbol myristate acetate. HRIF requires a preincubation with the cells for 5-10 min for maximal inhibition, and this effect is not abolished by washing the cells after the preincubation. The biological activity of HRIF is protease-sensitive, neuraminidase-resistant, and relatively heat-stable. HRIF can be distinguished from HRF by a lower apparent molecular mass (8,000-10,000 D).
Microbial population of feedlot waste and associated sites.

A quantitative determination was made every 2 months for a year of the microflora of beef cattle waste and runoff at a medium-sized midwestern feedlot. Counts were obtained for selected groups of organisms in waste taken from paved areas of pens cleaned daily and, therefore, reflect the flora of raw waste. Overall, in terms of viable count per gram dry weight, the feedlot waste contained 1010 total organisms, 109 anaerobes, 108 gram-negative bacteria, 107 coliforms, 106 sporeformers, and 105 yeasts, fungi, and streptomycetes. The specific numbers and pattern of these groups of organisms varied only slightly during the study in spite of a wide variation in weather. Data indicate that little microbial growth occurs in the waste as it exists in the feedlot. Runoff from the pens contained the same general population pattern but with greater variation attributable to volume of liquid. Comparable determinations of an associated field disposal area (before and after cropping), stockpiled waste, and elevated dirt areas in the pens indicate that fungi, and especially streptomycetes, are the aerobic organisms most associated with final stabilization of the waste. Yeasts, which are the dominant type of organism in the ensiled corn fed the cattle, do not occur in large numbers in the animal waste. Large ditches receiving runoff and subsurface water from the fields have a population similar to the runoff but with fewer coliforms.
Topographical analysis with time-modulated structured light

We present a range-finding method for determining surface topography by using time modulated structured light illumination. By illuminating a surface with a time-modulated light structure of several transmitters and triangulating relflected light onto a single point receiver, we are able to determine the surface height at a point by determining which light source intersects the surface at that point. In essence, the surface height acts to multiplex the projected signals onto the receiver. We increase the system resolution beyond the number of light sources by overlapping the image intensity of the light sources. The resulting signature allows for sub-pixel resolution. Time modulating the structurted light allows for demodulation with a high signal-to-noise ratio without the use of high intensity light sources thereby reducing system cost and complexity. This method of topographical analysis can be scaled to high end systems capable of real-time, high-resolution imaging. In addition to system geometry and resolution capacity, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various modulation and coding schemes that can be applied to this approach.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The decline of subject searching: long-term trends and patterns of index use in an online catalog

Search index usage in a large university online catalog system over a six-year period (representing about 15.3 million searches) was investigated using transaction monitor data. Mathematical models of trends and patterns In the data were developed and tested using regression techniques. The results of the analyses show a consistent decline in the frequency of subject index use by online catalog users, with a corresponding increase in the frequency of title keyword searching. Significant annual patterns in index usage were also identified. Analysis of the transaction data, and related previous studies of online catalog users, suggest a number of factors contributing to the decline in subject search frequency. Chief among these factors are user difficulties in formulating subject queries with Library of Congress Subject Headings, leading to search failure, and the problem of “information overload” as database size increases. This article presents the models and results of the transaction log analysis, discusses the underlying problems with subject searching contributing to the observed decline, and reviews some proposed improvements to online catalog systems to aid in overcoming these problems.
BIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF PSYCHOSIS AND ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ACTIONS: FROM DOPAMINE EXCESS TO DOPAMINE STABILIZATION *

According to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, symptoms of psychosis arise, in part, from dysregulation of central dopaminergic pathways. The activity of dopaminergic neurons is in turn modulated by several neurotransmitters, including, most prominently, serotonin and glutamate. The first generation of antipsychotic drugs (ie, typical antipsychotics) are characterized by potent D2 dopamine receptor blockade, whereas most second-generation (ie, atypical) antipsychotics are serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonists. By simultaneously blocking both 5-HT2A serotonin and D2 dopamine receptors, atypical antipsychotic drugs attenuate the positive symptoms of schizophrenia with few of the extrapyramidal side effects associated with typical antipsychotic drugs. Unfortunately, atypical antipsychotic drugs (eg, clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, and ziprasidone) can be associated with potentially serious side effects (eg, weight gain, cardiovascular and hematologic abnormalities). Conventional atypical antipsychotic drugs interact with a multiplicity of receptors, in addition to 5-HT2A serotonin and D2 dopamine receptors, including various serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, muscarinic, and histaminergic receptors. It is likely that the chance interactions of atypical antipsychotic drugs with these and other receptors lead to the associated side effects. The ideal antipsychotic would, therefore, possess a mechanism of action whereby dopaminergic activity is normalized without adverse effects. (Adv Stud Med. 2003;3(8C):S776-S781)
The Two Faces of Managed Care Regulation & Policymaking

This paper focuses on the development of managed care policy in the United States since 1985. It empirically examines the development of statutes, legislation, regulations, and federal and state court decisions which relate to managed care organizations and managed care policies. The paper begins with an analysis of managed care theory as it relates to the delivery of health care services in the United States. It then goes on to ask the question: is this a good theory? We then look at federal and state policy initiatives in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. The paper argues that government cannot make up its mind whether it wants to support or constrain the implementation of managed care theory and its further development. We document initiatives which serve as facilitators and barriers to the implementation of managed care theory; taken together, these legal and policy initiatives represent the "two faces of managed care". The consequence of the two faces is that it is not clear whether managed care organizations have been successful.
Theory and Measurements of Ultrasonic Scattering for Tissue Characterization

It is known among scientists and clinicians working in medical ultrasound that more information than time of arrival and amplitude is contained in the ultrasonic echoes produced by tissue. This has led to a variety of investigations (1–5) with the common objective of extracting additional information to characterize tissue more completely from its ultrasonic properties. Among the various studies are those concerned with sound speed, absorption, and a general class of research that falls under the category of acoustic scattering. The scattering investigations are the subject of this review.
An investigation of the tenets of social norms theory as they relate to sexually aggressive attitudes and sexual assault perpetration: a comparison of men and their friends

OBJECTIVE: Social norms approaches to sexual assault prevention have proliferated despite a dearth of empirical evidence for the tenets of social norms theory as it relates to sexual assault. Whereas previous research has found that men's perceptions of peer aggression influence their perpetration of sexual assault, previous research has not assessed the extent to which men's perceptions are accurate about their close peers. METHOD: Undergraduate men (N = 100) from the psychology participant pool completed surveys along with a close friend (N = 100); the concordance in their beliefs about rape and attitudes toward women as well as reported sexually aggressive behaviors was assessed. RESULTS: Men's own beliefs about rape and attitudes about women were correlated with both their perceptions of their friends' and of the average college male's beliefs, but not with their friends' actual reported beliefs; men's perceptions of their friends' beliefs about rape and attitudes toward women were uncorrelated with their friends' actual reported beliefs as well. Perpetrators of sexual assault were significantly more likely to overestimate their friends' involvement in sexually aggressive behaviors than were nonperpetrators. The order of measures presented was unrelated to endorsement of any of the variables of interest. CONCLUSIONS: Perpetrators of sexual assault hold inaccurate beliefs about their peers' sexually aggressive attitudes and behaviors, which can be targeted in prevention programming. Such programming should provide more accurate descriptive (e.g., rates of sexual assault among men) as well as injunctive norms (i.e., rates of men's approval or disapproval of attitudes and beliefs) to combat pluralistic ignorance and the false consensus effect. Language: en
Surgical outcomes, bowel habits and quality of life in young patients after ileoanal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis.

Abstract Purpose We aim to investigate the postoperative outcomes, bowel habits and quality of life (QoL) of younger pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) patients following surgical intervention compared to an older pediatric population. Methods Medical records of UC patients after colectomy with ileoanal reconstruction (2002–2013) at our institution were reviewed. Patients/parents completed a QoL, bowel habits and disease course questionnaire. Surgical outcomes, bowel habits and QoL were reported comparing the younger (≤11years old, n=26) to older (>11years old, n=38) cohorts. Results The mean age at colectomy was 7.04±0.63years vs 14.71±0.32years in the two groups. Patients had a significant (P Conclusions Colectomy with ileoanal anastomosis for young children (≤11years old) with UC is without increased complications relative to older patients and maintains a postoperative QoL and stool patterns.
Fate of Intravenously Injected Fat Its Role in the Production of Ulcer

ConclusiosFat emboli may cause gastric and/or duodenal erosions or ulcers. The presence of fat emboli after intravenous injection of fat may be demonstrated in the lung, brain, kidney and stomach. Its rate of disappearance in experimental animals is such that after 4 days it is found in sections of lung tissue in 41%, brain 11.1%, kidney 34.4% and the stomach of 3.7% of the sections examined. On the contrary, in sections of those animals sacrificed within one to four days after the intravenous injection of fat, the incidence of demonstrable fat emboli in the same tissues was: lung 91%, brain 61%, kidney 73.9% and stomach 47.8%.
Case Report: Actinomycosis: Multinodular Pulmonary Involvement

Previous computed tomography reports of pulmonary actinomycosis most commonly describe single, unilateral parenchymal or pleural masses with or without cavitation. The authors describe a thoracic computed tomograph of histologically proven actinomycosis that revealed multiple, bilateral, small pulmonary parenchymal nodules with an associated liver mass, suggesting hematogenous dissemination to the lungs from the liver via the hepatic veins.
Maternal transfer of 14C-p,p'-DDT via placenta and milk and its metabolism in infant rats.

Female rats were dosed orally with 0.9 mg14C-ring-labeledp,p′-DDT during pregnancy or lactation. The results from the lactation experiment showed that the mean concentration of14C-DDT in milk was 15.26Μg per g dry weight the first day after dosing, and decreased gradually with a rate constant of clearance of −0.096. The half-life of DDT and its metabolites in milk was approximately 7.2 days. Neonatal rats, sacrificed after 1 to 28 days, showed that the maximal concentration of14C was generally reached in 1 to 3 days then declined at a rate comparable to that in milk. Liver, intestine, and carcass had the highest radioactivity; next, in decreasing order, were lung, kidney, heart, brain, and blood. In the liver of the neonate, the relative concentration of DDT was decreased from 100% in the first day to 44% in the 28th day, while DDD and DDE increased gradually to 36% and 22%, respectively. In the experiment with pregnant rats, the results showed that DDT was readily absorbed, transported throughout the whole body, and deposited in the fetuses. The average biological halflife of DDT in various tissues and the fetus was 10.6 hr. DDT was converted more rapidly to DDD, DDE, and two minor unidentified metabolites in the adult liver than in the liver of neonates. DDE and DDD were also found in other tissues and fetuses of pregnant rats. The relative amounts of DDE and DDD varied in different tissues. DDA was not present in all tissues examined. In the placenta and fetuses, it was only detectable, whereas in the lung, intestine, blood, and kidney, it was a major metabolite.
A Few Thoughts of Human Resource Accounting

By Exploring accounting objectives,accounting postulates and recognition methods of human resource accounting,measuring the value of human resource accounting in the company,a set of theory system of human resource accounting for the accounting field is established.
Intervention study for type 1 diabetes mellitus in children by health education and nutrition

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of health education and nutrition intervention for children's type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).Methods Eighty-two children diagnosed of T1DM were selected for 6 months intervention.During the hospitalized period and 6 months following hospital discharge,health education and nutrition intervention were performed on the patients.The awareness rate of knowledge about T1DM of the parents was assessed before and after the intervention.The health behaviors,fasting blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin and the growth of the children were also assessed among groups.Results The awareness rate of knowledge about T1DM of the parents was higher than before and the health behaviors of the children were formed.The levels of fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were lower in the diet-controlled group than in the others.Conclusions Health education and nutrition intervention are effective in T1DM treatment.
A Review of Regulatory Theory and the U.S. Casino Industry

The casino industry is one of the most stringently regulated industries in the United States. State governments and their regulatory agencies control almost every aspect of the industry. However, U.S. casino regulation has not received much research attention. We examine the five most applicable economic theories of regulation. Since relevant empirical data of regulatory changes for casinos are sparse, we examine trends of the key variables to evaluate these theories. We categorize and examine trends in state and industry characteristics to determine if any one of these theories best explains the regulation of casinos. Based on our review of the state-level data, we conclude that the legalization and regulation of casinos best conform to a Leviathan theory of government in which the primary policy goal is to maximize government revenues.
Feminism, Aboriginal Australia and Torres Strait Islands

There has been a diversity of feminisms in Indigenous Australia. First-wave white Australian feminists campaigned for Aboriginal rights in the interwar and postwar periods. Feminist anthropologists writing about Aboriginal societies during the second wave of feminism addressed questions about the status of Aboriginal women and were influential in shaping analyses of gender relations and identities in contemporary ethnography. Indigenous activists and academics, who believed that white Australian feminists had failed to acknowledge the profound role that racism played in their lives, formed a “Black Women's Movement” that gave priority to indigenous concerns about land rights, sovereignty, and discrimination. Keywords: Aboriginal Australia and Torres Strait Islands; Australia; ethnography; feminisms
Staphylococcus aureus: production of extracellular compounds and behavior in foods : a review

Growth of Staphylococcus aureus is accompanied by production of such extracellular compounds as hemolysins, nuclease, coagulase, lipase, and enterotoxins. Enterotoxins that can cause food poisoning are produced by about one-third of the coagulase-positive strains of S. aureus . The enterotoxins are a heterogeneous group of heat-stable, water-soluble, single-chain globular proteins having a molecular weight between 28,000 and 35,000 daltons. Production of enterotoxin by appropriate strains of S. aureus is affected by the nutritional quality and pH of the substrate, temperature, atmosphere, sodium chloride (and hence water activity), other chemicals, and competing microorganisms. Outbreaks of staphylococcal food poisoning most often are associated with processed red meats, poultry products (especially chicken salad), sauces, dairy products (especially cheeses), and custard- or cream-filled bakery products. Ham and associated products often are involved in as many as 30% of outbreaks of staphylococcal food poisoning. Most outbreaks result from the combined effects of contamination of the food, often through unsanitary handling, with S. aureus and holding the food at the wrong temperature thus allowing growth and synthesis of enterotoxin by the pathogen.
Validity of using ad hoc methods to analyze secondary traits in case-control association studies.

Case-control association studies often collect from their subjects information on secondary phenotypes. Reusing the data and studying the association between genes and secondary phenotypes provide an attractive and cost-effective approach that can lead to discovery of new genetic associations. A number of approaches have been proposed, including simple and computationally efficient ad hoc methods that ignore ascertainment or stratify on case-control status. Justification for these approaches relies on the assumption of no covariates and the correct specification of the primary disease model as a logistic model. Both might not be true in practice, for example, in the presence of population stratification or the primary disease model following a probit model. In this paper, we investigate the validity of ad hoc methods in the presence of covariates and possible disease model misspecification. We show that in taking an ad hoc approach, it may be desirable to include covariates that affect the primary disease in the secondary phenotype model, even though these covariates are not necessarily associated with the secondary phenotype. We also show that when the disease is rare, ad hoc methods can lead to severely biased estimation and inference if the true disease model follows a probit model instead of a logistic model. Our results are justified theoretically and via simulations. Applied to real data analysis of genetic associations with cigarette smoking, ad hoc methods collectively identified as highly significant (P<10−5) single nucleotide polymorphisms from over 10 genes, genes that were identified in previous studies of smoking cessation.
Microvessel PO2 measurements by phosphorescence decay method

A system is described for the in vivo noninvasive measurement of intravascular PO2 at the microscopic level. Under special circumstances the method can also be used to measure interstitial PO2. The PO2 determination is based on the O2-dependent quenching of phosphorescence of palladium-porphyrins bound to albumin. This compound was injected intravenously in the dosage of 30 mg/kg body wt and dissolved in saline to a concentration of 15 mg/ml. The phosphorescence emission was excited by epi-illumination with a strobe xenon arc and measured by a photomultiplier in a well-defined tissue area as small as 15 x 30 microns. A selected portion of the phosphorescence decay was fitted by a single exponential, and the Stern-Volmer equation was used to calculate PO2. Calibration was performed in vitro using saline and blood and was in agreement with previous reports. In vivo observations were made in normal tissue regions from the unanesthetized hamster transparent skin fold chamber preparation. The method allows PO2 determinations, in the range of 0-80 mmHg, in microvessels with diameters of 15-100 microns. Simultaneous transillumination of the tissue also allows measurement of vessel diameter and red blood cell velocity in the same vessels.
Response to Comment on “Structural basis of histone H3K27 trimethylation by an active polycomb repressive complex 2”

Zhang et al suggested that in the crystal structure of a polycomb repressive complex 2 from Chaetomium thermophilum (ctPRC2), a flexible linker region, but not the H3K27M cancer mutant peptide, better fits the electron density. Based on our new data, we agree with this alternative interpretation and provide the crystal structure of ctPRC2 bound to a bona fide H3K27M sequence.
Coal Flotation: The Evaluation of Controllable Variables and the Development of a Distribution Model

Abstract Simulation of unit operations in coal preparation plants is rapidly becoming the standard procedure by which these plants are designed. Models defining the distribution of a coal feedstream to the products (concentrate, middlings and tailings) of a gravity separatory process are well established and documented (Gottfried, 1976, 1978). Use of these models enables the coal preparation engineer to project the washabilities of the plant products, or any flowstream in the flowsheet The increasing use of froth flotation to recover fine coal (-0.5 mm) presents a problem in that presently, there exists only rule-of-thumb techniques to estimate the washabilities of flotation products. This presents a severe handicap to the simulation and subsequent design of a coal washing facility since many newer plants clean 10-20% of the run-of-mine (ROM) coal by flotation Modeling a coal flotation process is far more complex than a gravity separation process because of the numerous variables involved. Some models have been proposed in recent literature, but they fail to account for the ash, sulfur and combustible component distribution in each size fraction that would be necessary to assemble accurate product washabilities Arthur D. Little has undertaken a systematic evaluation of controllable variables in coal flotation. An array of components have been tracked throughout each test and relationships developed which depict the response of each of these to changes in operating parameters. A model capable of predicting the distribution of ash, sulfur, combustibles and, indirectly, calorific value is presented. Such a tool greatly enhances the ability of a coal preparation plant simulator to project detailed product characteristics
Feasibility of Na18F PET/CT and MRI for Noninvasive In Vivo Quantification of Knee Pathophysiological Bone Metabolism in a Canine Model of Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis.

PURPOSE To assess and quantify by molecular imaging knee osseous metabolic changes serially in an in vivo canine model of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the knee utilizing sodium fluoride (Na18F) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) coregistered with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sodium fluoride PET imaging of 5 canines was performed prior to anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and 2 times post-ACLT (3 and 12 weeks). The PET/CT was coregistered with MRI, enabling serial anatomically guided visual and quantitative three-dimensional (3D) region of interest (ROI) assessment by maximum standardized uptake value. RESULTS Prior to ACLT, every 3D ROI assessed in both knees showed no Na18F uptake above background. The uptake of Na18F in the bone of the ACLT knees increased exponentially, presenting significantly higher uptake at 12 weeks in every region compared to the ACLT knees at baseline. Furthermore, the uninjured contralateral limb and the ipsilateral distal bones and joints presented Na18F uptake at 3 and 12 weeks post-ACLT. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that Na18F PET/CT coregistered with MRI is a feasible molecular imaging biomarker to assess knee osseous metabolic changes serially in an in vivo canine model of knee PTOA. Moreover, it brings a novel musculoskeletal preclinical imaging methodology that can provide unique insights into PTOA pathophysiology.
Carbon emissions targets: Impact on US power market

The US Clean Power Plan establishes detailed CO2 emissions reductions targets at state level with a flexible framework for implementation. This flexibility is intended to spur innovation and economic efficiency, but a study finds that it creates vast uncertainties around both the implementation of the rule and subsequent impacts.
Progress in detector fusion

Introduced to the hyperspectral imaging community in the WHISPERS 2010 Reykjavik meeting, the “clairvoyant fusion” methodology for creating detection algorithms has since been applied to a variety of binary decision problems. These are summarized here. For any detection problem amenable to a fusion approach, an infinity of “flavors” can be devised. This paper describes what problems have been formulated in ways that insure closed form solutions. Such solutions are necessary in all applications that fuse a continuum of tests, because otherwise an infinity of logical operations would need to be implemented. The applications have featured a variety of subspace detection problems of varying dimensionality, along with several types of elliptically contoured distributions. Model subtleties not recognized by classical methods are discussed, along with a recent theoretical extension enabling the design of unbeatable methods.
Predictors of Readmission and Reoperation in Patients Undergoing Parathyroidectomy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism

ObjectiveIdentify risk factors for 30-day reoperation and readmission after parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons ...
Generative Generative Phonology

The syntactic component σ of a generative grammar G can be thought of as a 4-tuple (N, T, A, R), in which N is the nonterminal vocabulary, T the terminal vocabulary, A the axioms, and R the syntactic rules. It is often assumed that the elements of T, the words of a grammar, can simply be listed in a word-dictionary. However, they cannot, as elementary considerations of the productivity of the rules of word formation immediately show us. To take a very simple example, consider the process whereby the prefix re can be joined to English verbs, to form new, morphologically complex, verbs. That process is not only productive, in the sense that given practically any verb in English, a new verb can be formed from it by prefixing re; it is also recursive, since re can be added freely to verbs already containing the prefix. Thus we have, in English, such infinite sets of words as {analyze, reanalyze, re-reanalyze, re-re-reanalyze, .... Consequently, the elements of T cannot simply be listed. They must be generated.1
Regulatory strategies for biomaterials and medical devices in the USA: classification, design, and risk analysis

Abstract The Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) regulation of biomaterial product commercialization has evolved considerably since the passage of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938. The regulation of biomaterials does not differ substantially from the regulation of other medical device and biologic products from a framework perspective, but does from an application perspective. Therefore, having an understanding of the key regulatory processes involved in device commercialization is vital to developing an understanding of the those processes for biomaterials. In this chapter, we will explore key pieces of US legislation that impact biomaterials product regulation, and begin to review parameters around which commercialization strategies for biomaterials products can be developed.
Educating for rights and justice: a content analysis of forensic social work syllabi

The Council on Social Work Education underscores that social workers should be educated to advance human right, social, economic, and environmental justice. This article asserts that forensic socia...
Rethinking early Carthaginian coinage

The coins minted by the Carthaginians in silver, gold, electrum, billon and bronze comprise one of the largest coinages that circulated in the W Mediterranean before the Roman conquest. They provide essential information on both the history and economy of Carthage and on Carthaginian interactions with their neighbors, allies and adversaries. Carthaginian bronze coins, in particular, are frequently found throughout the Punic world, in each of its core regions (N Africa from Tripolitania to Algeria, Sicily, Sardinia, Ibiza and the southernmost Iberian peninsula), as well as in Italy. Yet few accounts of Carthage and the Punic Wars take Carthaginian coinage into consideration, and an emphasis on Greek and Latin literary sources continues to drive the narrative. Of course, in evaluating the political and economic implications of numismatic evidence one needs to distinguish from the start between the issues of the Carthage mint and those of other mints that struck coins under Carthaginian authority. Carthaginian coinage did not follow a linear path of development. As the Carthaginians began to produce coins in Sicily earlier than in N Africa, the start of minting at Carthage deserves careful scrutiny. This essay, based upon an ongoing study of Carthaginian bronze and billon coins, will review the history of modern scholarship and current research on Carthaginian coinage, focussing upon the formative period of the Carthage mint between c.350 and 300 B.C. in order to define the main aspects of its output, its relevance for the monetization of the Carthaginian homeland, and the sequence of the earliest issues.
An Introduction to The Happy City by Francesco Patrizi of Cherso

Patrizi’s The Happy City (HC) is a work that defies classifications. The key to understanding it is to recognize its Platonic inspiration and Aristotelian influence. The HC ingeniously restructures Aristotle’s analysis of the ideal city in Politics VII–VIII. Patrizi is not interested in describing an ideal city per se but in showing how a city can facilitate man’s development. However, the HC also adopts the Platonic idea that man’s ultimate goal is to unite with the divine. On this view, the ideal city is a necessary factor in man’s spiritual ascent. The HC is a peculiar utopia. It lacks the literary features of the utopian genre but shares its essential idea that man can only thrive if he lives in a virtuous society.