cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Benzodiazepines in panic-related disorders

Abstract Despite the pharmacological dissection of anxiety neurosis into antidepressant responsive panic disorder and benzodiazepine sensitive generalized anxiety disorder, there is a growing body of evidence that the high potency benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam and clonazepam, and other less potent agents, such as lorazepam and diazepam in higher doses are effective antipanic agents. We review the pertinent data, and discuss a number of clinical considerations in the administration of benzodiazepines for panic disorder, including dosing, treatment emergent adverse effects, and concerns regarding abuse, withdrawal and rebound. Further work will need to address issues of the relative efficacy and specificity of the various antipanic agents.
Some factors in police discretion and decision making

Abstract This is a study of the exercise of police discretion as indicated by the responses of police recruits to a series of ambiguous, but common incidents. The situations are ambiguous in that they do not call for a clear course of action. The study measures the influence on the use of discretion of certain factors characterizing the police officers and the incidents themselves. The key finding is that the recruits most often seem to impose their own brand of justice based upon their judgement of what the community's expectations of the appropriate police response are. This judgement is most influenced by the accumulation of experience or “street wisdom”.
A watershed management framework for mountain areas: Lessons from 25 years of watershed conservationin Nepal

Abstract A watershed management framework for mountain areas is based on lessons learned from watershed management experience, social and institutional learning, and the use of a watershed management program evaluation in Nepal. The lessons led to the adoption of a subwatershed-based ecosystem approach based on local participation at the subwatershed level. An integrated watershed management framework (IWMF) consisting of eight steps with three checklists was developed focusing on improvement-oriented adaptive management. The eight steps lead to the preparation of a watershed management plan. In the process three checklists are used. While the first checklist has general questions pertaining to watershed analysis, the second allows participation analysis of stakeholders in terms of their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and opens up new prospects for further reinforcing or building new user group institutions based on consensus. The final checklist consists of hierarchical watershed manage...
Prior Knowledge, Content-Related Attitude, Reading Comprehension Testing Mathewson’s Affective Model of Reading

AbstractThis study explored the effect of content-related attitude on comprehension. Mathewson (1985) contended that prior knowledge research (Upson, 1983) may have been confounded or contaminated by subjects’ preexisting attitudes toward specific content information. The design of the study attempted to control for the effect of both prior knowledge and preexisting attitudes on reading comprehension because of the questions Mathewson (1985) raised about previous prior knowledge research. Students were randomly assigned from three blocks of reading ability (above average, average, and below average) to three treatment conditions as determined by their scores on the California Test of Basic Skills. One condition was designed to create positive attitudes toward the fictitious country of Titubia. Another condition was designed to present the information as objectively as possible. The final condition was designed to create negative attitudes toward Titubia. After documenting that the attitudes intended had b...
Angular correlation of positron annihilation radiation from zinc single crystals at 250°C

Abstract The angular correlation of positron annihilation radiation from oriented single crystals of zinc has been measured at 25°C and 250°C. There are no significant differences between the single crystal results and the polycrystalline results.
Multilevel fast multipole algorithm for three-dimensional dielectric targets in the vicinity of a lossy half space

The multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is applied to the problem of a general three-dimensional dielectric target above or below a lossy half space. The dyadic half-space Green's function is evaluated rigorously for the “near” MLFMA interactions, while an asymptotic Green's function approximation is applied for the “far” interactions. The model is discussed, and results are compared with those from a rigorous method-of-moments (MoM) analysis. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 100–104, 2001.
Solution electron affinity changes via the deuteriation of the methyl groups of p-xylene

EPR techniques, including spectral double integration, were utilized to measure the equilibrium contants in dimethoxyethane at 195 K for electron transfer between perdeuteriated p-xylene and xylene, α-d3-p-xylene and α,α′-d6-p-xylene. The results, coupled with the law of Hess, yield all the relative solution electron affinities (EA). It was found that methyl deuteriation lowers the solution EA by 160 J l mol−1 per deuterium, whereas ring deuteriation in these systems lowers the solution EA by about 370 J l mol−1 per deuterium, which is about the same effect as is observed in the benzene system. The results are discussed in terms of hyperconjugative, inductive and solvation effects.
Left main coronary thrombosis after radiofrequency ablation: successful treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

patible with Kawasaki disease or history consistent with vasculitis or trauma to the chest. As a result of the patients ' acute coronary syndrome and high-grade obstruction of the LMCA, surgical revascularization was undertaken with both internal mammary arteries. The left internal mammary artery was anastomosed to the LAD coronary artery. The right internal mammary artery was taken to the intermediate vessel. As to the best approach to the coronary artery aneurysm, the consensus was to avoid direct approach to or ligation of the aneurysm. There was concern about distal embolization of thrombus present in the aneurysm preoperatively. We were also of the opinion that risk of embolization would be low if retrograde flow from the distal anastomosis of the grafts exceeded forward flow through the critical stenosis in the distal portion of the aneurysm. A careful search for the cause of these coronary artery aneurysms has been made and, similar to other reported cases, we believe that this case may represent sequelae of an unrecognized case of Kawasaki disease and one of the 3 % of those cases which result in ischemic heart disease. Because there are no serologic markers for Kawasaki disease, this assertion is impossible to prove at this time; however, the angiographic appearance of these lesions is certainly compatible with known cases previously described#
Histamine-releasing factors and IgE heterogeneity

In my recent lecture to the Academy, I covered a wide range of topics. In this article, I will be more focused, directing attention to a family of HRFs that release mediators from human basophils by interacting with IgE. Of particular interest is that these factors interact with a subset of IgE molecules, thereby establishing a novel, functional heterogeneity of IgE. We have designated the IgE molecules that interact with HRF as IgE + (by definition, the remaining IgE molecules are IgE ). IgE + molecules occur only in atopic individuals, and it is our hypothesis that the clinical severity of the allergic response correlates with the acquisition of IgE + . We believe that the presence of IgE+ is related to the late-phase reaction and that HRF is responsible for the mediator release from human basophils that occurs at this time. The description of HRF and the subsequent appreciation of functional IgE heterogeneity could provide a partial answer to the question that has always bothered us as clinicians: why two patients with the same level of IgE antibody and the same degree of skin test sensitivity may differ so remarkably in their clinical response on exposure to antigen.
A Comparison of Learning Sets in Humans, Primates, and Subprimates.

(1969). A Comparison of Learning Sets in Humans, Primates, and Subprimates. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 189-204.
Sequential precipitation samplers: A literature review

Abstract This report reviews the literature of sequential or within-event precipitation sampler construction and includes a limited survey of their applications. Collection apparatus have been classified as manually segmenting samplers, linked collection vessels, automatically segmenting samplers and continuous monitors (Robertson et. al. , U.S. EPA Report, 1980). Design criteria for an ideal collector are discussed.
Binding of the epoxide cryptophycin analog, LY355703 to albumin and its effect on in vitro antiproliferative activity.

Cryptophycin, isolated from the cyanobacterium Nostoc, is a cytotoxic dioxadiazacyclohexadecenetetrone which causes rapid depletion of microtubules in intact cells. In the present report, the effect of protein binding of a new synthetic cryptophycin analog, LY355703 (cryptophycin 52), is discussed. In handling the compound, it was found to bind extensively to surfaces, and a high degree of plasma protein binding was also observed (about 99% in human plasma). Similarly, while LY355703 displays potent antiproliferative activity against several human tumor cell lines in vitro (IC 50 S ranging from 12 to 40 pM), the addition of human or bovine serum albumin (BSA) to CCRF-CEM cells adapted to serum-free (UltraCHO) medium markedly reduced its antiproliferative activity. For example, the IC 50 s for LY355703 in BSA at 0, 4 and 40 mg/ml were 2, 19 and 34 pM, respectively. In comparison, the IC 50 only increased 2-fold (4210-8530 pM) for taxol over the same BSA concentration range. When log phase CCRF-CEM cells were exposed to 1 μM [ 3 H]LY355703, there was a rapid accumulation of drug, so that LY355703 reached steady state within 10 min. The rate of LY355703 uptake in log-phase CCRF-CEM human leukemia cells was a linear function of concentration over a wide range (0.25-50 μM), although the cytotoxicity IC 50 was 19 pM. Drug accumulation was not inhibited by sodium azide. Although cryptophycin was observed to bind extensively to albumin, binding did not markedly modulate cryptophycin uptake by CCRF-CEM cells. Overall, these results demonstrate that attention must be given to the binding properties of LY355703 and similar cryptophycins while handling these compounds, and that binding to albumin (and probably other cellular components as well) is a significant factor for interpretation of results both in vitro and in vivo.
Characteristics of Desulfation Behavior for Presulfated Pt-BaO/CeO2 Lean NOx Trap Catalyst: The Role of the CeO2 Support

The desulfation of presulfated Pt-BaO/CeO2 lean NOx trap catalyst was investigated by H2 TPRX (temperature programmed reaction), in situ TR-XRD (time-resolved X-ray diffraction), and in situ S K-edge XANES (X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy) techniques. Compared with Pt-BaO/Al2O3 materials, a reductive treatment in H2 for the CeO2-supported sample up to 1073 K removes, at most, only a very small amount of sulfur species. However, the results of in situ TR-XRD measurements demonstrate that the quantity of a BaS phase formed on Pt-BaO/CeO2 is much smaller than that on Pt-BaO/Al2O3, implying that the formation of BaS crystallites, which occurs during the reduction from sulfate (SO42−) to sulfide (S2−), is significantly suppressed in the CeO2-supported catalyst. As the desulfation temperature increases under reducing conditions (in H2), in situ S XANES spectra show that, compared with alumina-supported samples, the reduction temperature for sulfates (S6+) decreases by about 150 K. Concomitantly, the for...
REDUCED GRAVITY COMBUSTION OF PROPANOL DROPLETS IN OXYGEN-INERT ENVIRONMENTS

Reduced gravity combustion experiments were performed with individual fiber-supported propanol droplets that were initially about 1 mm in diameter. The environment was composed of an oxygen-inert mixture. Helium, argon, xenon, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide were used as inerts, the oxygen mole fraction was 0.21, and the pressure was 0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 MPa. Use of helium caused extinction at 0.03 MPa and 0.1 MPa, but extinction was not observed in other oxygen-inert experiments within the 2.2 s reduced-gravity time available. Burning rates and sooting behaviors varied appreciably with the inert gas and the ambient pressure. Flame standoff ratios were generally quasisteady, and experimental flame standoff ratio data are compared with simplified theoretical predictions.
Modeling the evolution of crystallographic dislocation density in crystal plasticity

Dislocations are the most important material defects in crystal plasticity, and although dislocation mechanics has long been understood as the underlying physical basis for continuum crystal plasticity formulations, explicit consideration of crystallographic dislocation mechanics has been largely absent in working constitutive models. Here, dislocation density state variables evolve from initial conditions according to equations based on fundamental concepts in dislocation mechanics such as the conservation of Burgers vector in multiplication and annihilation processes. The model is implemented to investigate the polyslip behavior of single-crystal aluminum. The results not only capture the mechanical stress/strain response, but also detail the development of underlying dislocation structure responsible for the plastic behavior.
Formation of ASR gel and the roles of C-S-H and portlandite

Abstract Experimental investigations of the reactions between silica, alkali hydroxide solution, and calcium hydroxide show that alkali–silicate–hydrate gel (A-S-H) comparable to that formed by the alkali–silica reaction (ASR) in concrete does not form when portlandite or the Ca-rich, Si-poor C-S-H of ordinary portland cement (OPC) paste is available to react with the silica. Under these conditions, we observe either the formation of additional C-S-H by reaction of Ca(OH) 2 with the dissolving silica or the progressive polymerization of C-S-H. The A-S-H dominated by Q 3 polymerization forms only after portlandite has been consumed and the C-S-H polymerized. These conclusions are consistent with previously published results and indicate that the ASR gel of concrete forms only in chemical environments in which the pore solution is much lower in Ca and higher in Si than bulk pore solution of OPC paste. These results highlight the similarity between ASR and the pozzolanic reaction and are supported by data for mortar bar specimens.
Localization of epidermal growth factor receptors and putative neuroblasts in human subependymal zone

Studies in rodents and monkeys suggest that neuronal precursor cells continue to exist and differentiate well into adulthood in these species. These results challenge the long held assumption that neurogenesis does not occur in the postnatal human brain. We examined the rostral subependymal zone (SEZ) of postnatal human brain for expression of cell phenotypic markers that have been associated with neuronal precursors and neuroblasts in rodent brain. We found epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) mRNA and protein to be expressed in infant, teen, young adult, and adult human SEZ. Some SEZ cells expressed the polysialic acid form of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), characteristic of migrating neuroblasts, as well as class III β-tubulin and Hu protein, characteristic of neuroblasts and early neurons. These neuroblast-like cells were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), 2`,3`-cyclic nucleotide 3`-phosphohydrolase (CNPase), and vimentin, suggesting that they were not differentiating as glia. Our results show that neuroblast-like cells exist in the human SEZ and support the theory that SEZ of postnatal human brain has neurogenic potential. J. Comp. Neurol. 423:359–372, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On approximate irreducibility of polynomials in several variables

We study the problem of bounding a polynomial away from polynomials which are absolutely irreducible. Such separation bounds are useful for testing whether a numerical polynomial is absolutely irreducible, given a certain tolerance on its coefficients. Using an absolute irreducibility criterion due to Ruppert, we are able to find useful separation bounds, in several norms, for bivariate polynomials. We also use Ruppert's criterion to derive new, more effective Noether forms for polynomials of arbitrarily many variables. These forms lead to small separation bounds for polynomials of arbitrarily many variables.
A SIMULATION MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE SUCCESS OF AGRICULTURAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY

A simulation model was used to assess how agricultural practices used to reduce soil erosion, such as no-till cropping, affect the plant nutrient and suspended sediment levels in streams. The model...
Serum concentration and renal excretion by normal adults of inorganic sulfate after acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, or sodium sulfate

Depletion of endogenous inorganic sulfate can have pronounced effects on the elimination kinetics and metabolic fate of phenolic drugs. Our purpose was to determine the effects of acetaminophen (which is partly metabolized to acetaminophen sulfate), ascorbic acid (subject to more limited sulfation than acetaminophen), and sodium sulfate (useful for sulfate repletion by the oral route) on the serum concentration and renal excretion of inorganic sulfate in healthy adults. Six men and two women, 26 to 35 yr old, were studied on four occasions that were at least 4 days apart. They received no medication, 1.5 gm acetaminophen, 6 gm ascorbic acid, or 9 gm sodium sulfate decahydrate orally, in aqueous solution. A blood sample was obtained 2 hr later and urine was collected from 1 to 3 hr. Serum inorganic sulfate concentrations (mean +/- SD), 0.410 +/- 0.043 mM in the control period, were decreased after acetaminophen (0.311 +/- 0.043 mM, P less than 0.001), increased after sodium sulfate (0.513 +/- 0.055 mM, P less than 0.001), and apparently unchanged after ascorbic acid (0.417 +/- 0.059 mM). The urinary excretion of inorganic sulfate was decreased after acetaminophen and increased after sodium sulfate. The renal clearance of endogenous creatinine was not affected by any of the treatments. The renal tubular reabsorption of inorganic sulfate is capacity limited, as evidenced by the decrease of the reabsorbed fraction with increasing glomerular filtration rate of the anion (r = -0.54, P less than 0.005). This saturable reabsorption facilitates sulfate homeostasis.
Fixation of Nitrogen in the Prebiotic Atmosphere

Reactions between nitrogen and water in the air surrounding lightning discharges can provide an important source of nitric oxide even under conditions where oxygen is a minor atmospheric constituent. Estimates are given for the associated source of soluble nitrite and nitrate. It is shown that lightning and subsequent atmospheric chemistry can provide a source of nitrate for the primitive ocean as large as 106 tons of nitrogen per year, sufficient to fill the ocean to its present level of nitrate in less than 10^6 years.
The inhibition of reduction of tetrazolium by a protein liver.

1 Xanthine oxidase has been partially purified from mammalian liver by a simple procedure. 2 The inhibition of cream and liver xanthine oxidase by several drugs was studied in (a) spectrophotometric assay of uric acid formation and (b) tetrazolium reduction. 3 Inhibitors tested caused different response, which depended on the assay type. 4 A protein was isolated from normal mammalian liver, which selectively inhibited tetrazolium reduction; the effect was observed with the xanthine/xanthine oxidase and ethanol/alcohol dehydrogenase systems. 5 Oxygen consumption by xanthine oxidase was prevented by tetrazolium salt; this effect was blocked by the inhibitor. 6 Some properties of the inhibitor are described.
Application-based modules using apprentice learning for CS 2

A typical Data Structures (CS 2) course covers a wide variety of topics: elementary algorithm analysis; data structures including dynamic structures, trees, tables, graphs, etc.; large programming projects; and more advanced object-oriented concepts. Integrating these topics into assignments is a challenging task; educators often duplicate work done by others in re-inventing such assignments. At the same time, these assignments and large programs take time to develop and are often changed from semester to semester to preclude cheating. We report on a project that provides modules containing many kinds of programming and lab assignments which can be re-used across semesters with accessible and exciting application-oriented materials. Our project is a collaboration between a research and teaching oriented private university, a teaching oriented public university, and a teaching oriented historically black university. This helps ensure that the modules will be accessible to nearly all student populations. The modules developed are available electronically as hyper-text documents.
Endoscopic CO2 laser excisional biopsy of early supraglottic cancer

Endoscopic CO2 laser excisional biopsy of selected early supraglottic cancer patients has been described. None of these patients experienced the perioperative morbidities of bleeding, airway obstruction, or aspiration beyond 3 or 4 days. All patients were treated with full-course standard irradiation therapy after their laser procedures. Our very preliminary data suggest that stage I and stage II patients are effectively treated with endoscopic CO2 laser excisional biopsy, whereas stage III patients should undergo open surgeries where medically possible.
Network dynamics and new ventures in China: A longitudinal study

This study examines the effects of networking skills of entrepreneurs on network dynamics and venture legitimacy. The article is based on the longitudinal survey data of 94 Internet entrepreneurs in Beijing, China. The findings suggest that networking skills of entrepreneurs have positive effects on the structural changes of entrepreneurial networks over time. Further, improvements in networking skills of entrepreneurs are conducive to greater venture legitimacy measured as the number of institutional investors in the new venture. The research and practical implications are discussed.
The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Cytoreductive nephrectomy can be an important and effective component of a multidisciplinary treatment approach to metastatic renal cell carcinoma in carefully selected patients. The results of retrospective single institution series and randomized multicenter phase III trials suggest that removal of the primary tumor, even in the setting of metastatic disease, can significantly prolong survival and delay time to progression. It may also enhance the response to systemic therapy in the postoperative period. When employing initial cytoreductive nephrectomy as part of an overall treatment approach, careful patient selection is critical to success. A poor performance status (ECOG performance status less than 1), significant comorbidities that make surgical intervention high risk, or high-volume metastatic disease, and the presence of brain, liver, or bone metastases, or of atypical (sarcomatoid) histology have all been shown to be associated with an extremely poor prognosis. Patients exhibiting these clinical phenotypes should not be considered for initial cytoreductive nephrectomy as part of their treatment paradigm. Instead, they should receive some form of upfront systemic therapy (immunotherapy or novel therapy) and then be considered for delayed nephrectomy as part of a surgical consolidation approach after an interval of treatment if their disease kinetics demonstrate stable or regressing disease in response to systemic therapy. Patients who do not demonstrate these poor prognostic features should be considered for upfront cytoreductive nephrectomy as part of their overall treatment approach because of the potential it offers for palliation from local tumor symptoms, a delay in the time to disease progression, an improved response to systemic therapy, and improved overall survival.
Typha productivity in a Texas pond: Implications for energy and nutrient dynamics in freshwater wetlands

Above-and below-ground biomass of Typha angustifolia L. was sampled monthly for 18 months from a small Texas pond. Maximum above-ground biomass was 2559±284 g AFDW (ash-free dry weight) m−2 in 1983 and 2895±217 g AFDW m−2 in 1984. Peak below-ground biomass for these 2 years was 2506±278 g AFDW m−2 and 2314±226 g AFDW mt-2, respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses revealed that mean above-ground biomass accrual was related to duration of growing season, cumulative precipitation, cumulative degree days and/or cumulative pan evaporation. The same was not true for below-ground biomass increases. Analysis of covariance revealed that the rates of above-ground biomass production were not significantly different (F test, p < 0.05) between the 1983 and 1984 growing seasons. Below-ground biomass turnover times for 1983 and 1984 were 2.47 and 1.21 years, respectively.
A method for the evaluation of calcitonin secretion using the isolated perfused porcine thyroid

A method for the in vitro perfusion of isolated porcine thyroid glands was developed. The intact glands were placed in a chamber and perfused at a rate of 2.5 ml/min with an oxygenated Tris-balanced salt solution maintained at 37 degrees C. Perfusate fractions were collected at 5-min intervals and analyzed for immunoreactive porcine calcitonin (CT). Calcitonin secretion increased in a dose-related manner with the level of calcium ion (2.5-6.25 mM) in the perfusion solution to a level of 7.5-fold greater than baseline levels. Other established CT secretagogues, such as theophylline (5 mM) and pentagastrin (4 microM), were found to stimulate calcitonin secretion. The CT secretory responsiveness of this system appears to mimic, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the secretory pattern observed in vivo in the pig. Therefore, this perfusion method should provide a valid in vitro model for the study of the process of CT secretion in the mammalian thyroid.
Hiring Strategies, Racial Bias, and Inner-City Workers

This article explores the ways employers' hiring strategies affect the employment chances of inner-city blacks, using a recent survey of 185 Chicago-area firms. The authors find that employers commonly direct recruitment efforts to white neighborhoods and avoid recruitment sources that bring them a disproportionately inner-city black labor force; when they do draw applicants from poor black neighborhoods, they tend to use labor market intermediaries to recruit workers. There is also evidence that inner-city blacks often do poorly in job interviews in part because they lack the work experience that is so often a focal point of the interview, and in part because of race and class related differences in culture. Finally, there is preliminary evidence that skills testing is associated with higher proportions of black workers in entry-level jobs, suggesting that more objective means of screening prospective employees provide less latitude for racial bias. Racial bias appears to occur as employers search for productive workers and could be reduced by developing more effective ways for job applicants to demonstrate their skills.
Oxidative phosphorylation and nitrogen fixation by cell-free extracts of the Azotobacter.

Zellfreie Extrakte vonAzotobacter vinelandii O wurden auf ihr Vermogen zur oxydativen Phosphorylierung und Stickstoffixierung untersucht. Obwohl alle Praparate die Fahigkeit zur oxydativen Phosphorylierung besassen und einige davon in der Lage waren Stickstoff zu fixieren, konnte zwischen den beiden Vorgangen — unter den geschilderten experimentellen Bedingungen — keine Abhangigkeit gefunden werden.
Runway Performance as a Function of Variable Deprivation Periods

The starting and running speeds of an E-group ( N = 14) , which randomly received 18, 23, and 28 hr. of food privation, with a 23-hr. average, were contrasted with those of a C-group ( N = 14) with a constant 23-hr. deprivation. After 12 days of pretraining, Ss had 45 trials in a 6-ft. alley runway. In the first five days one trial per day was given; thereafter, Ss had two daily trials, spaced by a 5 to 10 min. interval. Analysis of the starting speeds for the last 20 trials yielded a non-significant difference in favor of the variable drive group (F = 3.70; df = 1/26; .10 > P > .05). The running speeds for the two groups are shown in Fig. During the same asymptotic period the variable drive Ss ran significantly faster ( F = 5.73; df = 1/26; P < .025). This result was complicated by the fact that the variable drive Ss weighed significantly less than the regularly-deprived Ss in the last 15 days of training ( F = 6.06; df = 1/26; P < .025). Accordingly, the running speed data were adjusted for this differential weight loss by means of
A Simplified and Rapid Method to Uniformly Size Rib Steak Pieces for Taste Panel Evaluation

SUMMARY: Uniformity of size and preparation of steak samples are important prerequisites for accurate taste panel analysis. A system is described to utilize a Broiling and Sectioning Apparatus (BSA) to obtain this uniformity. Frozen beef rib steaks are uniformly sized before broiling and then sectioned into bite-size pieces for presentation to a taste panel.
Zarzian Microliths from Warwasi Rockshelter, Iran: Scalene Triangles as Arrow Components

The Zarzian Epipalaeolithic occupation at Warwasi yielded over 17,000 stone artifacts, with previous analyses resulting in a division of the Zarzian levels into four chronological units. Microliths comprise in excess of 35% of each of the unit assemblages, with geometric forms occurring in the top three units. The most common geometric is the scalene triangle (regular and elongated forms). A variety of metric and nonmetric attributes was recorded for various microlith forms. This paper discusses scalene triangles, elongated scalene triangles, and truncated bladelets. Truncated bladelets may represent unfinished or rejected attempts in the manufacture of the two scalene forms. Macroscopic examination failed to yield evidence of polish, suggesting that these microliths were not used to cut highly siliceous plants at Warwasi. Based on a comparison with attributes of Levantine lunate microliths, several preliminary hypotheses are offered regarding the manner in which scalene and elongated scalene triangles may have been hafted as arrow components.
Technology robustness management and successful procuct development

? For successful productization, technology viability assessment essential in technology management ? Assess technology viability from its robustness aspect ? Technology robustness assessed via robustness of products it enables. ? Describe some tools and techniques to evaluate product robustness ? Give illustrative examples from high-tech industries, of technology robustness or ill-robustness and success or failure of its productization.
Temperature dependent ultraviolet absorption cross sections of propylene, methylacetylene and vinylacetylene

Abstract The temperature dependence of the UV absorption cross sections of propylene (CH3CHCH2) and methylacetylene (CH3CCH) from 160 to 200 nm and vinylacetylene (CH2CHCCH) from 160 to 240 nm have been measured in the gas phase, for temperatures ranging from about 220 to 330 K. The propylene spectrum, exhibits a broad absorption band with a maximum at 172.0 nm with some structure to the short wavelength side of the broad band. At the absorption peaks a small increase (about 5%) in the cross sections has been observed with decreasing temperature from 333 to 233 K. At the long wavelength tail of the absorption band the cross sections are found to decrease with decreasing temperature. The absorption spectrum of methylacetylene in the region of 160 to 200 nm consists of a broad continuum with a maximum at 172.4 nm. The cross section values, for methylacetylene, near the absorption peak are found to remain nearly independent of temperature. However, at the long wavelength side of the absorption band the cross sections increase with increasing temperature. The spectrum of vinylacetylene consists of a very strong and structured absorption in the 160 to 170 nm region and strong diffuse bands between around 190 and 230 nm. The cross section values at the absorption peaks, determined at low temperatures, are significantly higher than those at higher temperatures. A sharp absorption feature at 168.2 nm shows the most pronounced temperature effect, with an increase in cross section from 35.86 × 10−18 to 63.54 × 10−18 cm2 for a temperature change of 333 to 223 K.
The angiogenic factors Cyr61 and connective tissue growth factor induce adhesive signaling in primary human skin fibroblasts.

The angiogenic inducers cysteine-rich angiogenic protein 61 (Cyr61) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are structurally related, extracellular matrix-associated heparin-binding proteins. Both can stimulate chemotaxis and promote proliferation in endothelial cells and fibroblasts in culture and induce neovascularization in vivo. Encoded by inducible immediate early genes, Cyr61 and CTGF are synthesized upon growth factor stimulation in cultured fibroblasts and during cutaneous wound healing in dermal fibroblasts. Recently, we have shown that adhesion of primary human fibroblasts to immobilized Cyr61 is mediated through integrin alpha(6)beta(1) and cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) (Chen, N., Chen, C.-C., and Lau, L.F. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 24953-24961), providing the first demonstration of an absolute requirement for HSPGs in integrin-mediated cell attachment. We show in this study that CTGF also mediates fibroblast adhesion through the same mechanism and demonstrate that fibroblasts adhesion to immobilized Cyr61 or CTGF induces distinct adhesive signaling responses consistent with their biological activities. Compared with fibroblast adhesion to fibronectin, laminin, or type I collagen, cell adhesion to Cyr61 or CTGF induces 1) more extensive and prolonged formation of filopodia and lamellipodia, concomitant with formation of integrin alpha(6)beta(1)-containing focal complexes localized at leading edges of pseudopods; 2) activation of intracellular signaling molecules including focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, and Rac with similar rapid kinetics; 3) sustained activation of p42/p44 MAPKs lasting for at least 9 h; and 4) prolonged gene expression changes including up-regulation of MMP-1 (collagenase-1) and MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) mRNAs and proteins sustained for at least 24 h. Together, these results establish Cyr61 and CTGF as bona fide adhesive substrates with specific signaling capabilities, provide a molecular basis for their activities in fibroblasts through integrin alpha(6)beta(1) and HSPG-mediated signaling during attachment and indicate that these proteins may function in matrix remodeling through the activation of metalloproteinases during angiogenesis and wound healing.
Predicting interactions in protein networks by completing defective cliques

Datasets obtained by large-scale, high-throughput methods for detecting protein--protein interactions typically suffer from a relatively high level of noise. We describe a novel method for improving the quality of these datasets by predicting missed protein--protein interactions, using only the topology of the protein interaction network observed by the large-scale experiment. The central idea of the method is to search the protein interaction network for defective cliques (nearly complete complexes of pairwise interacting proteins), and predict the interactions that complete them. We formulate an algorithm for applying this method to large-scale networks, and show that in practice it is efficient and has good predictive performance. More information can be found on our website http://topnet.gersteinlab.org/clique/ Contact: Mark.Gerstein@yale.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary Materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Visual Side of Wikipedia

The name "Wikipedia" has been associated with terms such as collaboration, volunteers, reliability, vandalism, and edit-war. Fewer people might think of "images", "maps", "diagrams", "illustrations" in this context. This paper presents the burgeoning but underexplored visual side of the online encyclopedia. A survey conducted with image contributors to Wikipedia reveals key differences in collaborating around images as opposed to text. The results suggest that, even though image editing is a more isolated activity, somewhat shielded from vandalism, the sense of community is an important motivation for image contributors. By examining how contributors are appropriating text-oriented wiki technology to support collective editing around visual materials, this paper reveals the potential and some of the limitations of wikis in the realm of visual collaboration
Cytoplasmic Distribution of DNA in a Strain of Hartmannellid Amoeba1, 2

SYNOPSIS. The distribution of cytoplasmic DNA as determined by H3-thymidine incorporation in the Fernald strain of Hartmannella rhysodes was studied by electron microscope autoradiography. Of a total of 1,313 silver grains counted over the cytoplasm in thin sections, 488, 271, 202 and 230 were attributed to DNA in mitochondria, cytoplasmic matrix, plasmalemma and ectoplasm, respectively. On the basis of the ratio of grains associated with the relative area occupied by the various compartments, the plasmalemma accounted for 3 times more grains than the mitochondria and about 20 times that attributed to DNA in cytoplasmic matrix and ectoplasm. These findings are interpreted to indicate the presence of endosymbionts in this strain of soil amoeba. Since no definitive microorganism could be seen in this cell, the most likely endosymbiont is defective DNA virus(es) or episome-like genetic element(s).
Length Scale Effects in Materials Deformation of Nano and Microscale Au Structures

In this study, intrinsic size effect — strong size dependence of mechanical properties — in materials deformation was investigated by performing atomistic simulation of compression on Au (114) pyramids. Sample boundary effect — inaccurate measurement of mechanical properties when sample size is comparable to the indent size — in nanoindentation was also investigated by performing experiments and atomistic simulations of nanoindentation into nano- and micro-scale Au pillars and bulk Au (001) surfaces. For intrinsic size effect, dislocation nucleation and motions that contribute to size effect were analyzed for studying the materials deformation mechanisms. For sample boundary effect, in both experiments and atomistic simulation, the elastic modulus decreases with increasing indent size over sample size ratio. Significantly different dislocation motions contribute to the lower value of the elastic modulus measured in the pillar indentation. The presence of the free surface would allow the dislocations to annihilate, causing a higher elastic recovery during the unloading of pillar indentation.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Coronary constriction impairs cardiac function and induces myocardial damage and ventricular remodeling in mice

To establish whether coronary artery narrowing (CAN) in mice was accompanied by depressed ventricular function, tissue injury, and modifications in cardiac anatomy, the left coronary artery was con...
Heterologous Expression and Manipulation of Three Tetracycline Biosynthetic Pathways

A very accommodating host: Three tetracycline biosynthetic pathways were overexpressed and manipulated in the heterologous host Streptomyces lividans K4-114. Through the inactivation of various genes and characterization of the resulting biosynthetic intermediates, new tetracycline-modifying enzymes were identified (see scheme).
Phase II trial of cladribine and cytarabine in relapsed or refractory myeloid malignancies

To evaluate the efficacy of cladribine and cytarabine in children with relapsed or refractory myeloid malignancies, we administered cytarabine (200 mg/m2 per day) by continuous subcutaneous infusion and cladribine (8.9 mg/m2 per day) by continuous intravenous infusion concomitantly for 5 days to nine patients younger than 21 years. After one course, five patients had no response, two patients had partial responses, one had stable disease, and one had progressive disease. Two patients received a second course: one patient had stable disease after one course and progressive disease after the second; another patient had a partial response after one course and no response after the second. Despite the efficacy of the cladribine and cytarabine regimen in treating newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a previously reported study, the combination was not effective for relapsed or refractory childhood AML.
A gas chromatographic mass spectrometric method for the analysis of trifluoroacetic acid: Application to the metabolism of halothane by in vitro preparations

A selected ion monitoring gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay for trifluoroacetic acid was developed for the study of the metabolism of the volatile anesthetic agent halothane by in vitro preparations. The assay uses a headspace sampling technique after formation of methyl esters with dimethyl sulfate and sulfuric acid. Pentafluoropropionic acid proved to be a suitable internal standard, although care is required in the preparation of the calibration standards so that they reflect the composition and treatment of the samples. Contamination of the samples, possibly with trifluoroacetic acid itself, was found to be the primary factor in limiting the sensitivity of the assay for the metabolism of halothane. Generally, trifluoroacetic acid could be determined at levels as low as 1 microM in 50-100 microliters of incubate.
Resources supporting the food web of a naturally productive lake

A Bayesian mixing model and stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen were used to evaluate the extent to which six consumers (three fishes, two zooplankton, and a snail) in a naturally productive lake used terrestrial resources, epilimnetic and metalimnetic phytoplankton, benthic algae, and macrophytes. Resource use varied with consumer habitat use and feeding ability, but allochthony was consistently low (averaging 15% among consumers). The pelagic invertebrates Skistodiaptomus oregonensis and Chaoborus spp. relied on phytoplankton from the epilimnion (59% and 49%, respectively) and to a lesser extent from the metalimnion (28% and 26%, respectively); terrestrial resources comprised 9% and 18% of the diet of these consumers, respectively. The snail Helisoma trivolvis relied mainly on littoral resources (floating-leafed macrophytes; 68% of diet), but terrestrial resources also constituted a substantial portion of its diet (21%). The fishes integrated among habitats more evenly than the other consumers, but pelagic resources formed the largest portion of their diets (Pimephales promelas 5 64%, Lepomis gibbosus 5 47%, and Perca flavescens 5 47%). L. gibbosus was the fish with the most allochthonous diet (23%). The consumers of this productive lake were not highly dependent on allochthonous materials and tended to rely most heavily on local resources, including macrophytes. The organic resources supporting a consumer often originate from a mix of habitats within an ecosystem or even multiple ecosystems within a landscape. This spatial integration of organic resources by consumers is a longrecognized feature common to many food webs (Lindeman 1942; Polis et al. 1997) and influences ecosystem stability, dynamics, and metabolic balance (Cole et al. 1994; McCann and Rooney 2009). The importance of crosshabitat subsidies to a food web is influenced both by the relative availability of resources and by the extent to which its consumers use these subsidies (Marcarelli et al. 2011), making both availability and use relevant to ecosystem
SIRT3 functions in the nucleus in the control of stress-related gene expression.

SIRT3 is a member of the Sir2 family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases that promotes longevity in many organisms. The processed short form of SIRT3 is a well-established mitochondrial protein whose deacetylase activity regulates various metabolic processes. However, the presence of full-length (FL) SIRT3 in the nucleus and its functional importance remain controversial. Our previous studies demonstrated that nuclear FL SIRT3 functions as a histone deacetylase and is transcriptionally repressive when artificially recruited to a reporter gene. Here, we report that nuclear FL SIRT3 is subjected to rapid degradation under conditions of cellular stress, including oxidative stress and UV irradiation, whereas the mitochondrial processed form is unaffected. FL SIRT3 degradation is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, at least partially through the ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) activity of SKP2. Finally, we show by chromatin immunoprecipitation that some target genes of nuclear SIRT3 are derepressed upon degradation of SIRT3 caused by stress stimuli. Thus, SIRT3 exhibits a previously unappreciated role in the nucleus, modulating the expression of some stress-related and nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes.
A provably good approximation algorithm for optimal-time trajectory planning

The authors describe the first implementation of a good polynomial-time approximation algorithm for kinodynamic planning. Attention is given to the following problem: given a robot system, find a minimal-time trajectory from a start position and velocity to a goal position and velocity, while avoiding obstacles and respecting dynamic constraints on velocity and acceleration. From the class of approximate minimal-time trajectories for a given problem instance that the theoretical algorithm would find, the proposed implementation will find a trajectory with minimal useless chattering. In addition, the authors present an improved analysis of the accuracy of the approximation strength of this approach. This analysis reveals that the algorithm produces approximations good to a small additive error in state space and exact in time while only sacrificing the epsilon -approximation factor in safety, where epsilon is an error term. In addition, the analysis halves the polynomial complexity of the algorithm in (1/ epsilon ), and it provides a simple characterization of when the algorithm will find a trajectory that is exact at the start and goal. >