cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHAPTER 9 – The Stable Homotopy Theory of Finite Complexes

This chapter explains the stable homotopy theory of finite complexes. The object of this chapter is to describe some recent progress in one of the oldest and most difficult problems of algebraic topology and the progress made in computing the stable homotopy groups of a finite complex. While these groups are elementary to define, there is still no nontrivial example of a finite complex for which they are completely known. There are numerous computational techniques (most notably the Adams spectral sequence) to get partial information on this problem. The focus is on the overall structure of groups. It is a new and promising field of study, although to pursue it without a working knowledge of the computational methods that one cannot be hoped. The chapter states the nilpotence and periodicity theorems with as little technical fussing as possible.
Studies on the response of ‘Tifblue’ and ‘Woodard’ rabbiteye blueberries to fertilizers

A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of three fertilizer placement methods and 11 fertilizer formulations on plant survival, economics of replanting, yield, and fruit size of two rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars Tifblue and Woodard. Fertilizer rates were either mixed with the soil under plants (before planting), sidedressed, or half-rate was placed under plants with the other half sidedressed. Fertilizers at planting caused a total of 34% ‘Woodard’ and 12% ‘Tifblue’ plants to die as compared to 6% for ‘Woodard’ and none for ‘Tifblue’ when no fertilizer was applied. Fertilizer formulas 2-1-1 and 5-10-10 oxide ratios placed under ‘Woodard’ plants caused 100% mortality whereas ‘Tifblue’ fertilized with oxide ratios 2-2-2 and 5-10-10 under plants reached the maximum 50% mortality. Splitting fertilizer placement under the side of the plants resulted in less ‘Woodard’ plant mortality (30%) than placing all the fertilizer under plants (54%). However, plant mortality for the side/under group was not different than sidedressing all fertilizer (23%). A planted hectare in this experiment consisted of 1852 ‘Tifblue’ and 926 ‘Woodard’ plants, providing one ‘Woodard’ plant to pollinate two ‘Tifblue’ plants. Based on the results obtained, the 5-10-10 fertilizer placed under plants would be expected to cause half the ‘Tifblue’ (926 plants) and all the ‘Woodard’ (926 plants) to be replanted. Plant costs alone was estimated to be $2315 with additional replanting costs of $93 for ‘Tifblue’ and much higher for ‘Woodard’. Sidedressing 5-10-10 fertilizer eight weeks after planting would have prevented plant mortality. Placement of various fertilizers under ‘Woodard’ or ‘Tifblue’ plants resulted in a significant increase in plant mortality as compared to side placement of fertilizers. Yield loss due to plant mortality increased linearly with the N level of the fertilizers (ranging from 0 to 2) for both cultivars. ‘Woodard’ fruit size was not affected by fertilizer placement but placing fertilizers under ‘Tifblue’ plants produced smaller yields with larger fruit than sidedressed plants. Blueberry plants in a virgin acidic soil may experience no reduction in yield if fertilization is completely eliminated.
Social Work and Breast Cancer Care

Whatever the specifics of the case, a diagnosis of breast cancer is a crisis for every woman. For almost every new patient, the word “cancer” is instinctively and immediately paired with “death.” As the facts become clear, and a treatment plan evolves, the initial terror and grief diminish. However, the first days and weeks after diagnosis, likely to be supervised by a surgeon, are usually the most psychologically difficult of the entire treatment experience. Increasingly, there is an awareness of the need to address women’s psychosocial, psychological, and sexual issues that are affected by a breast cancer diagnosis. Women feel most comfortable with surgeons who demonstrate not only technical skill, but also human empathy and appreciation for the stress of the diagnosis. Comprehensive breast cancer care means understanding your patient’s trauma, enlisting the support and assistance of an interdisciplinary team, and attending to the emotional as well as the physical components of the diagnosis. The social worker can play a key role as a team member supporting the patient.
What is Newborn Screening

Newborn screening is a system that provides early identification and treatment of infants with disorders prior to permanent disability or death. A successful newborn screening program requires skilled effort, understanding, and collaboration by many individuals, from those collecting the blood spots to the child's primary care provider and family.
A taurine receptor model: taurine-sensitive olfactory cells in the lobster.

Taurine is a widely distributed amino acid which has been associated with a broad range of physiological actions, particularly in excitable tissues. These include, for example, a role in heart function (17), retinal function (24,27,31,32), and neural development (9,38,39). In addition, neurophysiological and biochemical evidence has suggested that taurine acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system (21,26,29,30). In no case, however, has the specific function of taurine been elucidated, and progress towards deciphering its role in these various systems has been considerably retarded by the lack of selective agonists and antagonists. A major factor which has hampered development of such probes has been the absence of a receptor model that is specifically sensitive to taurine.
Outcomes of Infants with Mild Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Who Did Not Receive Therapeutic Hypothermia.

Introduction Accurately diagnosing and treating infants with mild forms of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is important, as the majority of neonates with signs and symptoms of HIE after birth do not meet clinical criteria for moderate or severe disease. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that infants with mild HIE (mHIE) have an increased risk for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). Methods This retrospective descriptive study examined all inborn infants ≥35 week's gestational age at a single, level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in California between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015. International Classification of Diseases codes were used as a proxy to identify neonates with mHIE but who did not receive therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Short- and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes were documented, including abnormal (1) brain magnetic resonance imaging within 10 days of birth suggestive of HIE, (2) electroencephalogram with electrographic seizures, (3) neurologic discharge examination, or (4) NDI following NICU discharge. Results Over the 4-year study period, 25 infants met inclusion criteria. Eight of 25 (32%) infants demonstrated neurologic impairment, defined by an abnormality in at least one of the four categories. The remaining 17 infants were without documented evidence for adverse outcomes. Conclusion Our results indicate that children with mHIE are at significant risk for neurologic injury and may benefit from more aggressive interventions. Further prospective studies should be completed to determine the efficacy of TH in this specific patient population.
P340 Case report: immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) – an intra-oral and extra-oral presentation

A four year-old boy was referred to the Paediatric Dentistry Department by the Haematology Department at Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin. He had a two week history of bleeding and crusting lips and intra-oral ulceration with a history of a cough two weeks prior to this. No relevant family history was noted. The child’s parents had initially presented him to community pharmacy and medical providers who advised attendance at the Emergency Department (ED) of the nearest tertiary care paediatric hospital. Upon presentation to the ED, he had a full blood count performed as part of his work up. Initial blood results revealed platelet count of 1. The rest of his blood results were essentially normal. On examination, extraoral facial, limb and trunk bruising were noted. Lips were crusted with blood and surrounded petechiae. Intraoral examination revealed soft palate petechiae, areas of ulceration/petechiae in the left and right buccal mucosa and a minor bleed from the lower left lateral primary incisor. The findings were consistent with a diagnosis of Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) precipitated by a viral infection. Initial treatment was with tranexamic acid for five days. On review, there was a marked improvement noted with only minimal blood crusting of the lower lip and fewer intraoral petechiae evident. No further treatment has been required to date. The child is being monitored by haematology and dental specialists with regard to signs, symptoms and progress. ITP is a haematological disorder defined by low platelet count. Children often develop this following a viral infection. Spontaneous bleeding or bleeding induced by trauma, may be the first clinical signs of ITP. This interesting case highlights a primary presentation of ITP with oral signs. This situation may present to a General Dental Practitioner or General Medical Practitioner in community or another Healthcare Professional and it is important to recognise the signs and symptoms and intervene appropriately
On the Placement of Particle Containing Cylindrical Cavities in a Grounded Dielectric Substrate to Change the Impedance of a Printed Reactive Surface

Real time control of the surface impedance of a printed conducting layer is of interest for the design of frequency selective surfaces and leaky wave antennas. Currently, the surface impedance is defined by changing the layout of printed conductors on a grounded dielectric substrate with fixed dielectric properties. However, the surface impedance can also be tailored by fixing the conductor layout and changing the dielectric substrate properties. In this paper, we present such a method where cylindrical air cavities containing micron-sized conducting particles embedded in a grounded substrate are used to change its dielectric properties. Results are presented to demonstrate the effect of cavity placement on the impedance of a fixed printed reactive surface at 10 GHz. The results are shown to compare well with published literature for validation.
Network localization of clinical, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.

There is both clinical and neuroanatomical variability at the single-subject level in Alzheimer's disease, complicating our understanding of brain-behaviour relationships and making it challenging to develop neuroimaging biomarkers to track disease severity, progression, and response to treatment. Prior work has shown that both group-level atrophy in clinical dementia syndromes and complex neurological symptoms in patients with focal brain lesions localize to brain networks. Here, we use a new technique termed 'atrophy network mapping' to test the hypothesis that single-subject atrophy maps in patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease will also localize to syndrome-specific and symptom-specific brain networks. First, we defined single-subject atrophy maps by comparing cortical thickness in each Alzheimer's disease patient versus a group of age-matched, cognitively normal subjects across two independent datasets (total Alzheimer's disease patients = 330). No more than 42% of Alzheimer's disease patients had atrophy at any given location across these datasets. Next, we determined the network of brain regions functionally connected to each Alzheimer's disease patient's location of atrophy using seed-based functional connectivity in a large (n = 1000) normative connectome. Despite the heterogeneity of atrophied regions at the single-subject level, we found that 100% of patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease had atrophy functionally connected to the same brain regions in the mesial temporal lobe, precuneus cortex, and angular gyrus. Results were specific versus control subjects and replicated across two independent datasets. Finally, we used atrophy network mapping to define symptom-specific networks for impaired memory and delusions, finding that our results matched symptom networks derived from patients with focal brain lesions. Our study supports atrophy network mapping as a method to localize clinical, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms to brain networks, providing insight into brain-behaviour relationships in patients with dementia.
Defining Undertreatment and Overtreatment in Older Adults With Cancer: A Scoping Literature Review

PURPOSEThe terms undertreatment and overtreatment are often used to describe inappropriate management of older adults with cancer. We conducted a comprehensive scoping review of the literature to c...
Respiratory disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2.

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by a novel coronavirus (named SARS-CoV-2) and has a case fatality rate of approximately 2%, started in Wuhan (China) in December 20191,2. Following an unprecedented global spread3, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Although data on COVID-19 in humans are emerging at a steady pace, some aspects of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 can be studied in detail only in animal models, in which repeated sampling and tissue collection is possible. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 causes a respiratory disease in rhesus macaques that lasts between 8 and 16 days. Pulmonary infiltrates, which are a hallmark of COVID-19 in humans, were visible in lung radiographs. We detected high viral loads in swabs from the nose and throat of all of the macaques, as well as in bronchoalveolar lavages; in one macaque, we observed prolonged rectal shedding. Together, the rhesus macaque recapitulates the moderate disease that has been observed in the majority of human cases of COVID-19. The establishment of the rhesus macaque as a model of COVID-19 will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease, and aid in the development and testing of medical countermeasures.
Expressive Vulnerabilities: Language and the Non-Human

Emmanuel Levinas’s work seemingly places a great emphasis on language leading some commentators towards a Kantian reading of him where moral consideration would be based on the moral patient’s capa...
Presentation, Diagnostic Evaluation, Management, and Rates of Serious Bacterial Infection in Infants With Acute Dacryocystitis Presenting to the Emergency Department.

BACKGROUND Dacryocystitis is considered benign, yet infants represent a population at risk of complications. The presentation, management, and rates of serious bacterial infection in infants with dacryocystitis have not been described. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of infants (12 months or younger) presenting to a single urban tertiary care pediatric emergency department between January 1995 and March 2014 with concern for dacryocystitis. Exclusion criteria included immune compromise or craniofacial anomalies. Cases were identified using text search software, followed by manual chart review. RESULTS We identified 333 subjects, and median age was 38 days (interquartile range, 12; 106). Fifty-three percent were female. Most were afebrile (81%, T < 38°C) at triage while 6% had fever of ≥39°C. Two of 135 blood cultures sent were positive (both Streptococcus pneumoniae). Lumbar punctures were performed on 40 patients (12%), and no cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures were positive. Eye cultures were positive in 47% (N = 58) of infants cultured (N = 123); the most common pathogens were Haemophilus species (N = 17), Staphylococcus aureus (N = 13), Gram-negative rods (N = 7), and Moraxella species (N = 4). Imaging was obtained in 11 subjects (3.3%) with 3 demonstrating cellulitis and 1 a hemangioma. Ophthalmology was consulted for 21%, and an intervention/probe performed in 6%. Topical antibiotics were used in 147 subjects (44%), oral antibiotics in 100 (33%), and parenteral antibiotics in 87 (26%). CONCLUSION Infants with dacryocystitis have a variable presentation and management ranges from observation to aggressive management. The rates of serious bacterial infection were low in this sample and not associated with any presenting risk factors.
Deep learning to classify single-cell RNA sequencing in primary glioblastoma

Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing technologies enable deep insights into cellular development, gene regulation, and phenotypic diversity by measuring gene expression for thousands of cells in a single experiment. This results in high-throughput datasets and requires the development of new types of computational approaches to extract the useful and valuable underlying biological information of individual cells in heterogeneous biological populations. To addresses these approaches, in this paper, we introduce a deep learning technique to classify single cell types data from five primary Glioblastomas. We show that the deep learning method has the ability to correctly infer and classify cell type not used during the training process of the algorithm. Further, the deep learning method has the ability to identify the predictor variable Aquaporin 4 (AQP4), as the most important to make these predictions. Such computational approaches, as those presented in this study will enable researchers to better characterize the intratumoral heterogeneity in primary Glioblastoma.
General decay for a wave equation with Wentzell boundary conditions and nonlinear delay terms

In this paper, we consider a wave equation with Wentzell dynamical boundary conditions and internal and boundary delay terms. We have obtained a global existence and energy decay estimates of the s...
Deal Me In: Leveraging Pedagogy to Integrate Transactional Skills into the First Year of Legal Research and Writing Curriculum

When nearly fifty percent of attorneys practice transactional law, why do only seven percent of first year legal research and writing courses teach transactional skills? Despite a decade of emphasis by legal scholars on the need to teach transactional skills, most first year legal research and writing courses still focus disproportionately on litigation-based instruction. When more incoming law students want to practice transactional law than litigation, half go on to hold transactional-based jobs, transactional drafting courses are the most popular legal writing electives, and employers say graduates are unprepared for transactional practice, something needs to change. A path forward for transactional skill instruction begins here. This Article describes the need to teach transactional skills, analyzes data behind how law schools are falling short, explores pedagogical techniques for transactional instruction, and provides examples of transactional assignments that can be implemented (in face-to-face and online formats) without rewriting the course syllabus.
Benchmarking agency and organizational practices in resilience decision making

Recent directives from the US Office of the President have detailed the need for resilience in the face of increased security threats and natural disasters. While these documents call for resilience improvements, no guiding framework for the assessment of resilience exists. Federal agencies are then deriving individual ways to address resilience, resulting in a series of parallel efforts instead of one national cohesive effort. This paper summarizes the portfolio of current efforts implemented by agencies to guide the integration of resilience assessment across the federal government. We present a critical overview on the state of resilience science within seven federal agencies and our perspective on the consistencies and disparities on how each agency is enacting presidential orders. The resulting analysis identifies differences in approaches to resilience and common ground upon which federal agencies can use to support more effective programs.
Identification for PID control

In this study, we address issues arising in system identification-based plant modeling for the purpose of tuning PID controllers. We discuss some of the more celebrated tuning methods and make an attempt to anticipate future directions of identification procedures in the effort to provide reliable answers to more involved problems. The algorithmic progression of the different methods starts with easy-to-estimate, minimal information about the plant, in the form of a single frequency point in the Nyquist plot or a couple of parameters of the step response, aiming to produce the tuning parameters with back-of-the-envelope calculations. High order general models from either first-principles modeling or system identification were then used in a variety of off-line or on-line optimization problems to produce optimal PID tunings, and were often converted to the always elusive set of quick calculations that could tune a PID controller in the field. Highest in complexity, are the most recent methods which involve maximal information about the plant, in the form of one or more nominal models and a description of uncertainty, and aim for a tuning that combines high performance, adequate robustness, and high reliability. The latter appears to be the key qualitative difference between early and late identification and controller tuning procedures, that is, the ability to provide a reliable tuning with minimal trial-and-error. An alternative implementation of the same concepts can be performed as a direct optimization of the PID parameters, that can be readily converted to an attractive on-line tuning application. Finally, employing more complex, min–max identification methods can safeguard against performance deterioration problems due to disturbances or poorly designed excitation, albeit with a significant increase in computational load and identification time.
Common pitfalls in cost—benefit analysis

This chapter highlights some of the most common misconceptions of cost–benefit analysis, all of which share two characteristics. First, as with most popular misconceptions, one often contains a kernel of truth but the kernel is blown up beyond all reasonable proportion to the point where the analysis becomes completely misleading. Further, the chapter discusses the chain-reaction game. In the chain-reaction game, people discover numerous sources of secondary profits (or losses) arising from the particular government project. There is also a brief discussion on the regional multiplier game; it attaches a Keynesian-style multiplier analysis to the basic cost–benefit framework. The Keynesian multiplier analysis is concerned with moving an unemployed economy to its production-possibilities frontier. Hence, if the full-employment assumption is retained, the multiplied increase in income associated with any one project must be offset by multiplied decreases in income in other regions of the economy that lose resources to the project.
Varicella Zoster Virus

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) generally causes self-limiting, two distinct clinical diseases with predominantly cutaneous manifestations and little mortality and morbidity. However, VZV could also cause pneumonitis with potentially lethal effects in otherwise healthy adults and immunocompromised individuals. In fact, this complication is regarded as one of the most serious manifestation of disseminated VZV infections. Synonyms: Chicken pox, Shingles, Herpes zoster 7.2 Classifi cation
Sequential structure of futures markets and the value of improving information : An example

Abstract In an example, the value of improving information is computed under alternative structures for the timing of futures markets. It is always beneficial if futures markets are active both before and after the information is revealed.
Evolution of the Gynecology Teaching Associate: An education specialist

The traditional pelvic examination instruction methods were reviewed and found to be deficient: the student learning experience was compromised by the triangular setting of patient, student, and instructor for early pelvic examination instruction. Over the past decade, a new education specialist, the Gynecology Teaching Associate (GTA), has evolved to help improve the initial gynecology teaching experience. The evolution of the GTA is described. The qualities she brings to the instructional system include sensitivity as a woman, educational skill in pelvic examination instruction, knowledge of female pelvic anatomy and physiology, and, most important, sophisticated interpersonal skills to help medical students learnin in a nonthreatening environment. Reinforcement learning theory is the foundation of this educational system. Student acceptance of this system is documented.
Validating Classroom Issues: Case Method in Support of Teacher Change

This article discusses the use of case methods in ateacher development setting. The participatingteachers were implementing an innovative four-yearsecondary mathematics curriculum. The cases underconsideration were vignettes of problematic situationsactually encountered by teachers as they workedtowards implementing the new curriculum. Originally,the cases were developed and presented as a way ofvalidating data gathered on the difficulties theteachers faced. However, the teachers' reactions tothe cases and the discussions and reflections thatfollowed suggested that the cases had played asurprisingly powerful role in helping the teachersacknowledge their classroom concerns and begin to dealwith these concerns.
Mesoporous metal oxides with improved atomic ordering in the pore walls

Abstract Three general approaches to improving the atomic order of mesoporous and mesostructured metal oxides are described. These include (i) the post-synthesis thermal treatment of surfactant-assembled mesostructures, (ii) the incorporation of protozeolitic nanoclusters in the assembly of aluminosilicates, and (iii) the occlusion of carbon nanoparticles in crystalline oxides and the carbon nanocasting of crystalline frameworks.
An Introduction to Radiative Transfer for Geophysicists

To treat the interaction of radiation with matter we describe the radiation as a gas of photons (particles of light) in a manner almost completely free of relativistic and quantum effects. The central aim is to write a kinetic equation describing radiative transfer through matter and to mention some of the simplifying approximations appropriate for a first discussion of the implications of that equation. We discuss the structure of a hydrostatic atmosphere in radiative equilibrium and see how an upper isothermal layer emerges from the simplest treatment of this problem. We conclude by describing the heat equation of a radiating medium and explaining how the diffusion approximation and Newton’s law of cooling emerge in suitable limits.
Kinetic studies of the effect of a 17-nucleotide difference in the 0.3-kb region containing the R-U5-5' leader sequence of Friend murine leukemia virus on viral gene expression.

In addition to the env gene, a 0.3-kb fragment containing the R-U5-5′ leader sequence is essential for the induction of spongiform neurodegeneration by Friend murine leukemia virus (Fr-MLV) clone A8 and it also influences expression of the Env protein. Kinetic studies were carried out using two recombinant viruses, R7f, carrying the A8 0.3-kb fragment, and Rec5, carrying the 0.3-kb fragment of the non-neuropathogenic Fr-MLV clone 57. These analyses suggested that the 0.3-kb fragment influenced the expression level of the Env protein by regulating the amount of spliced env-mRNA rather than the amount of total viral mRNA or viral production.
Viral hepatitis in homosexual men.

Abstract We studied 33 episodes of acute viral hepatitis in homosexual men to determine the type of hepatitis seen in this population. Seventy percent were caused by type A hepatitis, and 30% by type B hepatitis. None were due to non-A, non-B hepatitis. A high proportion of patients presenting with either type of acute hepatitis had evidence of previous infection with the other type: Seventy percent of patients with type B hepatitis had previous infection with type A, and 74% of patients with type A hepatitis had previous infection with type B. This study shows that, in homosexual men, hepatitis A, like hepatitis B, is a sexually transmitted disease.
Project-based learning with the World Wide Web: A qualitative study of resource integration.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the process used by learners to seek, locate, and integrate information resources for use in a project-based environment. Four cases (n=9) were analyzed from an introductory educational technology course during a unit on telecommunications. Participants were asked to generate projects for integrating the Internet into the curriculum. Within this project-based context, learners searched for information resources that would accompany their project ideas. Three major findings related to use of hypermedia systems during project-based learning are discussed: (a) progressing from data-driven to goal-driven approaches was critical to developing coherent project ideas; (b) consolidation of information resources with project methods and rationales was challenging for learners, often resulting in topic “drifts” or idea simplification; and (c) metacognitive, domain, and system knowledge appeared critical to achieving coherence in project development. Implications related to the role of instructional scaffolding in encouraging goal-driven and metacognitive processing during open-ended learning are considered.
Contributions to the Upper Triassic Chinle flora in the American southwest

This article summarises an investigation of three selected species of fossil gymnosperms collected from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of the American southwest. Included here is an emended diagnosis of Lindleycladus arizonicus (Daugherty) comb. nov., a description of Elatocladus puercoensis sp. nov., and a redescription, based on new material, of the contentious plant fossil Dechellyia gormanii Ash. Also, the evidence (excisions and galls) of insect predation found on some of the leaves of the new specimens of D. gormanii is described and compared with that reported earlier on other fossil leaves in the Chinle Formation.
Heisenberg and radical theoretic change

Heisenberg, in constructing quantum mechanics, explicitly followed certain principles exemplified, as he believed, in Einstein's construction of the special theory of relativity which for him was the paradigm for radical theoretic change in physics. These were the principles of (i) scientific realism, (ii) stability of background knowledge, (iii) E-observability, (iv) contextual re-interpretation, (v) pragmatic continuity, (vi) model continuity, (vii) simplicity. Fifty years later, in retrospect, Heisenberg added the following two: (viii) a principle of non-proliferation of competing theories — scientific revolutions are not a legitimate goal of physics — and (ix) a principle of tenacity — existing theories are to be conserved as far as possible. The conservative as well as the revolutionary potential of these principles is then discussed. A more penetrating philosophical criticism of these principles is postponed.
Monochromatic Translates of Configurations in the Plane

It is shown that every red?blue coloring of the plane, without two blue points distance 1 apart, must have a red translate of every three-point configuration. A seven-point configuration S and a red?blue coloring are exhibited, which avoids both distance one in blue and translates of S in red.
Potential Liability of Industrial Hygienists Under USA Law Part II: Prescription for Reducing Potential Liability

Abstract Industrial hygienists are uniquely situated to effectuate corporate changes that can save people's lives. But industrial hygienists, who are paid for their expertise, may also become the repository for corporate liability for occupational injury. This article examines the American Academy of Industrial Hygiene (AAIH) Code of Ethics in light of potential professional liability. The Code provides an important starting point for protecting industrial hygienists against professional liability while safeguarding public confidence in the profession, but it needs refinement to further define and codify those principles that should guide industrial hygienists when a conflict of interest occurs. Other professions have successfully developed such standards to protect their members and the integrity of their profession. Such standards provide professional discipline through self-regulation and support conclusions that are based on reasonable professional judgments. In the interim, industrial hygienists shou...
Diazoxide, as a postconditioning and delayed preconditioning trigger, increases HSP25 and HSP70 in the central nervous system following combined cerebral stroke and hemorrhagic shock.

Combined hemorrhagic shock (Shock) and unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (Stroke) results in a decrease of oxygen availability to peripheral tissues and organs and the central nervous syst...
Scrolling Around the New Organization: The Potential for Conflict in the On‐Line Environment

The technological revolution has created as many challenges as opportunities for managers in today's organizations. Besides “wandering around” to manage, “scrolling around” on a computer screen has become common-place. This article reviews four key technology-caused challenges facing managers in the workplace, chiefly as the result of communication via e-mail. Specifically, the author focuses on what research to date informs us about negotiation and conflict resolution in an electronic environment.
Stimulated Rayleigh and Brillouin Scattering in Supercritical Fluids

We have applied stimulated Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering as diagnostics for supercritical fluids. Interesting behavior is observed in the region of the critical point.
Importance sampling in local energy calculations on H2

The importance sampling method of point selection has been used in the local energy framework to obtain least-squares solutions of the Schrodinger equation for a variety of H2 functions. It is shown that good results are obtainable with relatively small samples, and that the method is rather insensitive within broad limits to the nature of the weighting function employed. Expectation values for a number of operators besides the energy are examined. The energy variances are likewise scrutinized and attempts are made to rationalize their behavior in terms of how and to what extent sample points are chosen.
Preparation and 31P NMR studies of cationic methyl platinum(II) complexes containing mixed ligands

Abstract The preparation of some new cationic methylplatinum(II) complexes containing mixed ligands of general formula, [PtMe( LL )(L′)]+PF−6 1 [ LL =Ph2PC2H4PPh2 and L′ = Ph2MeP, Ph3As and (p-YC6H4)3P; Y = F, H, CH3, CH3O, (CH3)2N] and [PtMe( LL′ (L″)]+PF−6, 2 [ LL′ =Ph2PC2H4AsPh2 and L″ = (PhO)3P and (p-YC6H4)3P; Y = F, CH3, CH3O] has been described. The 31P NMR spectra of complexes 1 and 2 consisting of 36 and 12 lines respectively are discussed. the trans-effect of the para-substituted phosphines has been related to their electronic parameters by measuring the platinumphosphorous coupling constants (JPt-P) which follows the trend F
Hyperfine interactions in F-center para-magnetic-resonance spectra in LiF and NaF∗

The method of paramagnetic resonance is used to study the magnetic-energy levels of F-centers in LiF and NaF. The microwave absorption spectra show a set of nearly resolved transitions; each crystal has an odd number of almost equally spaced lines symmetrically located about a central resonance. The spectra are found to be isotropic with respect to relative orientation of the 100-axis and the applied magnetic field. The scalar magnetic hyperfine interaction and the spectroscopic splitting factor are determined from experimental data. The experimental results are interpreted on the basis of the de boer model of the F-center, and determine the probability density of the F-electron wave function at the sites of the nearest-neighbor nuclei. The line breadth of the inhomogeneously broadened spin packets is obtained from the dependence of the spectrum on the ratio of line width to hyperfine interaction. The packet breadth is attributed to unresolved hyperfine interaction with further nuclei, and yields an estimate of the scalar hyperfine interaction with the next-nearest-neighbor nuclei. The observed spectroscopic splitting factors, corrected for the hyperfine interaction shift, are found to be smaller than the free-electron value. This difference is attributed to spin-orbit coupling with excited states of higher orbital angular momentum, and it yields an estimate for the expectation value of (1r3). The predictions of the theory of inhomogeneous broadening on the dependence of the absorption upon microwave power are confirmed.
Effect of the local disorder in a-Si on the electronic density of states near the band edges

We have systematically investigated the formation of electronic states in the region of the conduction and valence band edges of a-Si as functions of variations in the bond and dihedral angle distributions. Local Densities of States (LDOS) for Si atoms in disordered environments have been calculated using the cluster Bethe lattice method with a Hamiltonian containing both first and second nearest neighbor interaction terms. We conclude that the changes in orbital overlap, incurred from rotations about the axes defining the dihedral angle distortions, are the origin of the effect of dihedral angle disorder on the electronic states near the band gap.
Ionotropic glutamate receptors in cerebral microvascular endothelium are functionally linked to heme oxygenase.

Vasodilator effects of glutamate in the cerebral circulation are, in part, mediated by carbon monoxide (CO), which is formed from heme via the heme oxygenase (HO) pathway. The hypothesis addressed was that glutamate receptors (GluRs) in cerebral microvascular endothelium are functionally linked to HO. Using a radioligand binding and immunoblotting, GluRs were characterized in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMVEC) from newborn pigs. High-affinity (80 nmol/L) reversible binding of [ 3 H]glutamate ([ 3 H]Glu) was detected in CMVEC membranes. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor ligands-NMDA, quinolinic acid, (±)1-aminocyclopentane-cis-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (cis-ACPD), AP5, 4C3HPG, and CPP-and the (RS)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptor ligands-AMPA, kainic acid, quisqualic acid, DNQX, and CNQX-displaced 20% to 30% of bound [ 3 H]Glu in CMVEC membranes. Metabotropic GluRs antagonists (4CPG, PHCC, and CPPG) did not displace bound [ 3 H]Glu. L-Aspartate, an agonist of GluRs and glutamate transporters, displaced 80% or more of bound [ 3 H]Glu. Ionotropic (NRI and GluR1) and metabotropic (mGluR1α) GluRs were detected in CMVEC by immunoblotting. Glutamate, aspartate, cis-ACPD, AMPA, (RS)-2-amino-(3-hydroxy-5-tert-butylisoxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid (ATPA), and kainate (10 -5 mol/L) increased HO-directed CO formation by isolated cerebral microvessels and by cultured CMVEC. These data in newborn pigs suggest that CMVEC express ionotropic GluRs that are functionally linked to HO. GluR-mediated increases in CO formation by vascular endothelium may result in increase in cerebral blood flow.
σ28-Dependent Transcription in Salmonella enterica Is Independent of Flagellar Shearing

The FlgM anti-sigma28 factor is secreted in response to flagellar hook-basal body completion to allow sigma28-dependent transcription of genes needed late in flagellar assembly, such as the flagellin structural gene, fliC. A long-standing hypothesis was that one role of FlgM secretion was to allow rapid expression of flagellin in response to shearing. We tested this hypothesis by following FlgM secretion and fliC transcription in response to flagellar shearing. Experiments showed that the level of FlgM inside the cell was unchanged after shearing whereas the extracellular FlgM levels increased in the growth medium as time passed. Identical results were obtained with cells that were not exposed to shear forces: internal FlgM levels remained constant while external FlgM levels rose with time at rates similar to those for the sheared culture. Consistent with this find, FlgM/sigma28-dependent class 3 gene expression was unaffected by flagellar shearing but was affected by the growth phase of the cell. Regardless of exposure to shear forces, flagellar class 3 transcription rose sharply and then declined. These results demonstrate that flagellar regrowth following shearing is independent of FlgM secretion.
Photostability of liquid crystals and alignment layers

— Photostability of liquid-crystal (LC) materials and surface alignment layers was evaluated using a UV lamp and a blue laser beam. Both organic polyimide (PI) and inorganic silicon-dioxide (SiO2) alignment layers were studied under nitrogen environment. Two commercial TFT-grade LC mixtures (low-birefringence MLC-9200-000 and high-birefringence TL-216) were used for comparisons. Results indicate that SiO2 alignment layers are much more robust than PI layers, and low birefringence LCs are more stable than the high-birefringence ones. At the He-Cd laser wavelength (λ = 442 nm), both LC mixtures and SiO2 alignment layers are hardly damaged. To lengthen the lifetime of an LCD projector, inorganic SiO2 alignment layers, high-optical-density UV filter, long cutoff-wavelength blue filter, and short-conjugation (low birefringence) LC materials should be considered.
An analysis of strong discontinuities in a saturated poro-plastic solid

We present in this paper an analysis of strong discontinuities in fully saturated porous media in the infinitesimal range. In particular, we describe the incorporation of the local effects of surfaces of discontinuity in the displacement field, and thus the singular distributions of the associated strains, from a local constitutive level to the large-scale problem characterizing the quasi-static equilibrium of the solid. The characterization of the flow of the fluid through the porous space is accomplished in this context by means of a localized (singular) distribution of the fluid content, that is, involving a regular fluid mass distribution per unit volume and a fluid mass per unit area of the discontinuity surfaces in the small scale of the material. This framework is shown to be consistent with a local continuum model of coupled poro-plasticity, with the localized fluid content arising from the dilatancy associated with the strong discontinuities. More generally, complete stress–displacement–fluid content relations are obtained along the discontinuities, thus identifying the localized dissipative mechanisms characteristic of localized failures of porous materials. The proposed framework also involves the coupled equation of conservation of fluid mass and seepage through the porous solid via Darcy's law, and considers a continuous pressure field with discontinuous gradients, thus leading to discontinuous fluid flow vectors across the strong discontinuities. All these developments are then examined in detail for the model problem of a saturated shear layer of a dilatant material. Enhanced finite element methods are developed in this framework for this particular problem. The finite elements accommodate the different localized fields described above at the element level. Several representative numerical simulations are presented illustrating the performance of the proposed numerical methods. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On least squares algorithms for system parameter identification

A new least squares solution for obtaining asymptotically unbiased and consistent estimates of unknown parameters in noisy linear systems is presented. The proposed algorithms are in many ways more advantageous than generalized least squares algorithm. Extensions to on-line and multivariable problems can be easily implemented. Examples are given to illustrate the performance of these new algorithms.
Effects of stimulus intensity on approach-avoidance conflict behavior

Using FR approach and conflict chains and a light whose intensity increased or decreased within the FR as a function of responding, the present experiment found stimulus intensity to affect performance only when on-trial stimuli were discriminated from off-trial stimuli by permitting nonreinforced barpressing during the intertrial interval. These findings suggest a stimulus intensity, rather than a discriminative, origin of observed inequalities in the slopes of approach and avoidance gradients.
Flattening of the interventricular septum (D-shaped left ventricle) in addition to high right ventricular tracer uptake and increased right ventricular volume found on gated SPECT studies strongly correlates with right ventricular overload.

Background. Flattening of the interventricular septum (D-shaped left ventricle) detected during echocardiographic examination is correlated with significant right ventricular (RV) overload. There are no reports of this finding with cardiac gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. We report an observational study correlating this finding with the presence of RV overload. Methods and Results. Retrospectively, we compared 8 cases with flattening of the interventricular septum on cardiac gated SPECT imaging for which echocardiographic correlations and clinical data were available regarding the presence of RV overload. All patients but I had pulmonary hypertension ranging from 42 to 52 mm Hg measured by echocardiographic Doppler studies. All patients but 1 had reasons for RV overload (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 3, history of atrial septal defect in 3, pulmonary embolism in 1, and obstructive sleep apnea in 1). Septal flattening present on gated SPECT images was seen in 50% of the cases by echocardiography. Other signs of RV overload (RV enlargement, RV hypertrophy) were observed by echocardiography in 5 patients and by the gated SPECT in 7 patients. Conclusion. The presence of interventricular septal flattening on gated SPECT studies correlates with RV overload and should be routinely assessed during interpretation of gated SPECT studies.
British contributions to modern herniology of the groin.

Traditional disdain for groin repair stifled recognition of British innovations. Some, relating to modern herniology, are remembered herein. Morton (1841) and Mackay (1889) showed the epigastric artery piercing Cooper’s transversalis fascia (1807). Bilaminarity (Cooper, 1807) was confirmed in 1992 (Read). Thomson’s iliopubic tract (1838) became part of Nyhus’ repair (1960) [derived from McEvedy’s repair (1950)] and laparoscopy (Ger, 1982). Retzius’ space (Edinburgh, 1858) with Lister’s antisepsis (1865) enabled preperitoneal herniorrhaphy (Annandale, 1876). He participated (1873) in intraperitoneal release of incarceration and reducible protrusions (Tait 1883). Cheyne’s pectineus muscle plug (1893) preceded Kelly’s marble prosthesis for femoral herniation (1898). Cheatle (1920) introduced posterior preperitoneal repair—ignored, rediscovered (Henry, 1936), and adopted (1952) at the Mayo clinic. Calne (1967) pioneered retrorectus Mersilene and was followed by Stoppa (1969) and Wantz (1989). Brandon (1945) blamed failure of modified Bassini’s herniorrhaphies on closure at the intermediate inguinal ring instead of the internal. A similar mechanism may explain interstitial recurrence (Gilbert, 2003) after Amid-Lichtenstein repair. Lytle (1896–1986) described a muscle shutter at the internal ring, course of genitofemoral nerve, and orifice of femoral canal. Russell’s congenital saccular theory (1906) was questioned by Keith (1924). Acquired connective-tissue pathology was later shown to play a systematic role in adult groin herniation (Read, 1970), confirmed by Jackson and colleagues (1996) and others.