cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of antibody production from the plasmacytoma cell line MOPC-315 by staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced T-suppressor cells.

Abstract Our previous results have shown that Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) induces a population (s) of T cells which has the capacity to suppress the antibody response of splenocytes in vitro. In the present report we have attempted to investigate the effect of SEB-primed cells on the secretion of antibody by the plasmacytoma cell line MOPC-315. We have found that the secretion of antibody by MOPC-315 is significantly reduced in as little as 24 hr of coculture with the suppressor cells. The suppressive activity is not antigen- or isotype-specific, since the antibody secretion by both MPC-11 and HOPC1 plasmacytomas are also inhibited by the SEB-primed cells. In addition, we have found that the SEB-primed cell population which inhibits the antibody production by the MOPC-315 cell line expresses the Lyt-1+,2− and Thy-1+ cell surface markers. The apparent relationship between the SEB-primed suppressor cell population and the population which inhibits a conventional antibody response is discussed.
Role of stress, corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and amygdala plasticity in chronic anxiety

Stress initiates a series of neuronal responses that prepare an organism to adapt to new environmental challenges. However, chronic stress may lead to maladaptive responses that can result in psychiatric syndromes such as anxiety and depressive disorders. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) has been identified as a key neuropeptide responsible for initiating many of the endocrine, autonomic and behavioral responses to stress. The amygdala expresses high concentrations of CRF receptors and is itself a major extrahypothalamic source of CRF containing neurons. Within the amygdala, the basolateral nucleus (BLA) has an important role in regulating anxiety and affective responses. During periods of stress, CRF is released into the amygdala and local CRF receptor activation has been postulated as a substrate for stress-induced alterations in affective behavior. Previous studies have suggested that synaptic plasticity in the BLA contributes to mechanisms underlying long-term changes in the regulation of affective behaviors. Several studies have shown that acute glutamate receptor-mediated activation, by either GABA-mediated disinhibition or CRF-mediated excitation, induces long-term synaptic plasticity and increases the excitability of BLA neurons. This review summarizes some of the data supporting the hypotheses that stress induced plasticity within the amygdala may be a critical step in the pathophysiology of the development of chronic anxiety states. It is further proposed that such a change in the limbic neural circuitry is involved in the transition from normal vigilance responses to pathological anxiety, leading to syndromes such as panic and post-traumatic stress disorders.
Interference-aware routing and bandwidth allocation for QoS provisioning in multihop wireless networks

In this paper, we study the bandwidth guaranteed routing and timeslot allocation (BANDRA) in TDMA-based multihop wireless networks with dynamic traffic. We formally model BANDRA as an optimization problem and present an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation to provide optimal solutions. This problem turns out to be a hard problem because of the impact of interference. Therefore, we propose a two-step scheme, i.e., seeking a path for routing first and then allocating bandwidth along the found path. We present two routing algorithms to compute interference-optimal cost-bounded paths. In addition, we present an optimal bandwidth allocation algorithm to allocate timeslots along the found paths for connection requests with unit bandwidth requirements. For the general case where the bandwidth requirement is larger than one, we present an effective heuristic algorithm. Our simulation results show that the average difference between solutions given by our efficient scheme and optimal ones in terms of call-blocking ratio is only 7%. Compared with the shortest path routing, our interference-aware routing algorithms combined with our bandwidth allocation algorithm always reduce call-blocking ratios. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of pancreatic phospholipase A2 activity by uteroglobin and antiflammin peptides: possible mechanism of action.

Abstract We investigated the possible mechanism of inhibition of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2in vitro by rabbit uteroglobin and by the antiflammin peptides. We optimized the conditions of phospholipase A2 assay using a deoxycholatephosphatidylcholine mixed micellar substrate and established the activity of these inhibitors under optimized conditions. The results of fluorescence studies and crosslinking experiments indicate that the inhibitors interact with the enzyme in solution and effect the increase in intrinsic fluorescence of phospholipase A2 observed upon interaction with a mixed micellar substrate. In addition, we identified a sequence similarity between the antiflammin peptides, the putative active region of uteroglobin and a region in pancreatic phospholipase A2. This region of phospholipase A2 has been previously identified as being involved in the regulation of dimerization of this enzyme, and is conserved in the pancreatic-type enzymes. Taken together, these observations suggest that uteroglobin and antiflammins interact with porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 and this may, at least in part, explain the enzyme inhibitory effect of these molecules observed in vitro. One possible mechanism of this effect may be an interference with the dimerization process of phospholipase A2 which is associated with interfacial activation.
Upper abdominal computerized tomography scanning in staging non-small cell lung carcinoma

During preoperative staging the authors performed upper abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scanning in 38 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma. Five of the 38 patients had occult adrenal metastases based on CT images. Two of these five patients, who would otherwise have been surgical candidates for definitive thoracotomy, underwent percutaneous fine-needle aspiration cytology of the suspected adrenal metastases. Cytology results in both cases were positive for metastatic carcinoma, thereby precluding thoracotomy. Upper abdominal CT scanning may optimize preoperative staging of selected non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Megalencephaly: Types, clinical syndromes, and management

The differential diagnosis of megalencephaly poses a challenge to the clinician. The two major categories, metabolic and anatomic, include a number of conditions, many of them rare. This article provides a systematic approach to the patient with megalencephaly.
The Devolution of Declining Industries

In declining industries capacity must be reduced in order to restore profitability. Who bears this burden? Where production is all or nothing, there is a unique subgame-perfect equilibrium: the largest firms exit first [Ghemawat and Nalebuff, 1985]. In this paper firms continuously adjust capacity. Again, there is a unique subgame-perfect equilibrium. All else equal, large firms reduce capacity first, and continue to do so until they shrink to the size of their formerly smaller rivals. Intuitively, bigger firms have lower marginal revenue and correspondingly greater incentives to reduce capacity. This prediction is supported by empirical findings.
Priority-based assignment and routing of a fleet of unmanned combat aerial vehicles

This paper considers the strategic routing of a fleet of unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) to service a set of predetermined targets from a prior surveillance mission. Targets are characterized by their priority or importance level, and minimum and maximum service levels that, respectively, represent the lower bound of munitions for destruction and upper bound of munitions to limit collateral damage. Additional constraints to be respected are the payload capacities of the (possibly heterogeneous) UCAV fleet and the range based on fuel capacity and payload transported. The vital aspect of this paper is the integrated optimal utilization of available resources-weaponry and flight time-while allocating targets to UCAVs and sequencing them to maximize service to targets based on their criticality. The complexity of the problem is addressed through a decomposition scheme with two problems: a target assignment problem (modeled as a minimum cost network flow problem) and a vehicle routing problem, which in turn splits into multiple decision traveling salesman problems, one for each UAV. A Tabu search heuristic is developed to coordinate the two problems. Using test problems we establish the applicability of this approach to solve practical-sized problems.
Some transitive Steiner triple systems of Bagchi and Bagchi

Abstract We show that the class of Steiner triple systems on 3d points defined in Bagchi and Bagchi (J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 52 (1989) 51–61) closely resemble the systems defined through the designs of points and lines of an affine geometry of dimension d over F3 in that they have a rich collection of hyperplanes and subspaces, all of which are designs of the same Bagchi-Bagchi type. The ternary codes and the automorphism groups of these designs can also be fully described.
Effects of biomass accumulation on microbially enhanced dissolution of a PCE pool: a numerical simulation

Recent studies have shown that dechlorinating bacteria can accelerate the dissolution rate of dense, nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) containing tetrachloroethene (PCE). We present an advection-dispersion-reaction model for a two-dimensional domain, with groundwater flowing over a pool of free-product PCE. PCE is converted to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) and toxicity due to PCE or cDCE is neglected. We adopt previously published correlations relating biomass concentrations and hydraulic conductivity, accounting for biofilm growth and plug-like growth. The system of coupled equations is solved numerically. The high biotransformation rate of PCE increases the concentration gradient of PCE at the water-DNAPL interface, enhancing dissolution. The higher the electron donor (ED) concentration, the larger the dissolution enhancement. Based on the values of maximum specific rate we used, when the electron donor is unlimited, the active biomass accumulates adjacent to the water-NAPL interface and microbial reactions can significantly enhance the pool dissolution. The resulting steady-state dissolution rate can be approximated by a half-order solution when zero-order kinetics are suitable for representing the microbial reaction. However, bioclogging may significantly reduce local hydraulic conductivity; thus, it decreases the flow near the water-DNAPL interface, decreasing dissolution. When the ED is the limiting factor, active biomass accumulates away from the interface. This creates a no-flow zone between the active biomass and the interface. The enlargement of the no-flow zone, due to the donor limitation, diminishes the concentration gradient and the flushing around the water-DNAPL interface. Such adverse impacts may significantly decrease the enhancement predicted by models that do not consider the effects of bioclogging.
On the collisional theory of the anisotropic solar wind plasma

The collisional equations for the solar wind assuming steady, spherically symmetric flow and including thermal conduction and an anisotropic proton temperature are analysed in the absence of a heat source function. The equations are cast in a form that involves one dimensionless parameter, effectively equal to the inverse Peclet number for protons, and the small quantity ɛ, the square-root of the electron-proton mass ratio. Analytic forms for the proton temperature anisotropy and other flow variables are derived by applying the limit ɛ → 0, and using asymptotic techniques. It is found that the model based purely on Coulomb collisions predicts values for the proton temperature anisotropy in the vicinity of the Earth that are much smaller than those observed, and that increasing the coronal base temperature serves to decrease the predicted anisotropy still further.
Hymenocladiopsis crustigena (Rhodymeniaceae), a new genus and species of marine Rhodophyceae from the Antarctic Peninsula

Abstract A new genus and species of marine Rhodophyceae, Hymenocladiopsis crustigena, is described from the Antarctic Peninsula and assigned to the Rhodymeniaceae. Thalli consist of large, pinnately branched blades borne on an extensive crust. The cortex of the blade is composed of one or two layers of cells. The medulla, in which intercellular spaces or cavities are present, is composed of large and small cells, some of which bear spherical gland cells. Reproductive structures are produced on the main blade or on pinnae. The carpogonial branch is a cluster of three cells that fuse following fertilization. Cystocarps, which lack a tela arachnoidea, are large and protuberant. Tetrasporangia are tetrahedrally divided. Hymenocladiopsis crustigena occurs subtidally along the Antarctic Peninsula from Marguerite Bay to the South Orkney Is. It differs from Hymenocladia by having tetrasporangia that are terminal rather than intercalary and gland cells that are medullary rather than cortical. It appears to be rela...
Sediment quality at select sites in the St. Marys River Area of Concern

Abstract The St. Marys River is the sole surface outlet from Lake Superior, flowing over 100 km to Lake Huron, and forming part of the international border between Canada (Ontario) and the United States (MI). The river system has been severely impacted by modifications to the hydrology as well as local industrial and municipal discharges, and was designated in 1985 as an Area of Concern (AOC). Since that time, sediments on the Canadian side of the river have been systematically re-sampled, but the US side of the river has received less attention. This paper discusses two recent projects, one completed in 2003 and one completed in 2005, that sought to revisit a variety of sediment localities within the St. Marys River to update sediment contaminant data, and to expand sampling into additional areas of interest on the US side of the border: Munuscong Lake at the southern end of the AOC, and the Little Rapids adjacent to Sugar Island. The primary focus was on surficial sediment contamination, particularly metals shown to be elevated during previous sampling (chromium, nickel, copper). Results show that while Cr, Ni and Cu contamination remains slightly elevated in surficial sediments at some sites in the St. Marys River, the overall trend shows metal concentrations declining to levels consistent with background levels in sediments found in Lake Superior, Whitefish Bay and the St. Marys River.
Geometric dequantization and the correspondence problem

On the way to settle a conjecture proposed by Mackey, we first present in detail a complete solution to the correspondence problem for systems whose configuration space isR n . We then indicate how this can be considered as a first step in the elaboration of a geometric dequantization program which would extend the results to more general manifolds.
Classical boundary conditions as a technical tool in modern mathematical physics

Abstract We review a variety of problems in quantum physics where Dirichlet and Neumann Green's functions enter not as an element in the basic formulation of the problem but as a purely technical tool. Methodology is emphasized.
Studies on the asymmetric cycloaddition of 2-azaallyl anions with alkenes

A preliminary survey of strategies for the asymmetric cycloaddition of nonstabilized 2-azaallyllithiums with alkenes is reported. The chiral diamine (−)-sparteine exerted little, if any, absolute stereocontrol. The attachment of a chiral auxiliary to the anion was more successful, leading to the first example of an asymmetric cycloaddition of a 2-azaallyllithium (24 to 25, 98% e.e.).
Distributed estimation and control under partially nested pattern

In this paper we study distributed estimation and control problems over graphs under partially nested information patterns. We show a duality result that is very similar to the classical duality result between state estimation and state feedback control with a classical information pattern.
Complete ureteral triplication with ectopia

A case of complete ureteral triplication is reported and a brief review of the literature is presented.
Tender is the Nocturnal Lament

“Behold, the bleak, rocky towering mountains are deadly dry. Please, do bestow a sign upon them.” (Amos Oz, “Strange Fire”)
π+p scattering at 65 to 140 MeV

Abstract Differential cross sections for π+p elastic scattering were measured for seven incident energies from 65 to 140 MeV at laboratory scattering angles between 93° and 165°. The results are compared with previous results of Bertin et al. and the phase-shift analysis of Arndt and Roper. Agreement between the phase-shift analysis and the data is good.
FTIR-ATR evaluation of topical skin protectants useful for sulfur mustard and related compounds

The US Army has a need to develop topical protectants that can decrease the effects of cutaneous exposure to chemical warfare (CW) agents. Such materials would enhance a soldier's ability to carry out the mission in a chemically hostile environment, would lessen the burden on medical personnel, and may allow the casualties to return to duty in a shorter period of time than might otherwise be possible. In a preliminary report (E. H. Braue, Jr. and M. G. Pannella, Applied Spectrosc., 44, 1061 (1990)), we described a unique analytical method using FT-IR spectroscopy and the horizontal attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory for evaluating the effectiveness of topical skin protectants (TSPs) against penetration by chemical agents. We now describe the application of this method to the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (HD).© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Hot Brine Stretching and Molding of Low Moisture Mozzarella Cheese Made from Retentate-Supplemented Milks

Abstract Low moisture Mozzarella cheese curd was made from cheese milks supplemented to 1.2:1 and 1.4:1 fat and protein with 4.5:1 retentates of ultrafiltration stretched and molded in hot 10% brine. Retentate supplementation improved cheese yield and yield efficiencies. Retentate-supplemented cheese had higher protein and fat and lower moisture than controls. Maximum total solids and yields were obtained from cheese stretched in hot brine. Such cheese showed more uniform salt distribution but slightly lower salt concentration than controls. More loss of fat occurred in whey in control cheese stretched in hot water. Hot brine stretching of low moisture Mozzarella cheese made from retentate-supplemented milk suggests savings in time, space, equipment, and labor without detrimental effects on cheese color and meltability.
NUCLEAR BREMSSTRAHLUNG AS A TEST OF THE OPTICAL MODEL.

Abstract Nuclear optical potential matrix elements occur off-the-energy shell in standard nuclear reaction analyses. The usefulness of bremsstrahlung for investigating such matrix elements is examined. Contributions from virtual nuclear excitations are included.
Parathyroid hormone alteration of free and tRNA-bound proline specific activities in cultured mouse osteoblast-like cells

The effects of the synthetic amino-terminal fragment of parathyroid hormone [bPTH-(1–34)] on proline uptake and on the specific activities of intracellular free proline and tRNA-bound proline were studied in confluent primary cultures of osteoblast-like cells isolated from neonatal mouse calvaria. Pretreatment of cells for 4 hours with 24 nM bPTH-(1–34) increased subsequent proline uptake by approximately 50–60%; also increased were the specific activities of both intracellular free proline and tRNA-bound proline when [3H]proline was included in the extracellular uptake solution. Specific activities of the free and tRNA-bound proline pools remained elevated after proline uptake times of as long as 30 minutes and 120 minutes, respectively. These results indicate that experiments in which radiolabeled proline is used to evaluate PTH-induced protein synthesis in bone cells must be interpreted cautiously, since apparent changes in protein synthesis might actually reflect, at least in part, PTH-induced changes in the specific activities of precursor pools.
Interaction of huntingtin-associated protein-1 with kinesin light chain: Implications in intracellular trafficking in neurons

Huntingtin-associated protein-1 (HAP1) was initially identified as an interacting partner of huntingtin, the Huntington disease protein. Unlike huntingtin that is ubiquitously expressed throughout the brain and body, HAP1 is enriched in neurons, suggesting that its dysfunction could contribute to Huntington disease neuropathology. Growing evidence has demonstrated that HAP1 and huntingtin are anterogradely transported in axons and that the abnormal interaction between mutant huntingtin and HAP1 may impair axonal transport. However, the exact role of HAP1 in anterograde transport remains unclear. Here we report that HAP1 interacts with kinesin light chain, a subunit of the kinesin motor complex that drives anterograde transport along microtubules in neuronal processes. The interaction of HAP1 with kinesin light chain is demonstrated via a yeast two-hybrid assay, glutathione S-transferase pull down, and coimmunoprecipitation. Furthermore, HAP1 is colocalized with kinesin in growth cones of neuronal cells. We also demonstrated that knocking down HAP1 via small interfering RNA suppresses neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Analysis of live neuronal cells with fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching demonstrates that suppressing the expression of HAP1 or deleting the HAP1 gene inhibits the kinesin-dependent transport of amyloid precursor protein vesicles. These studies provide a molecular basis for the participation of HAP1 in anterograde transport in neuronal cells.
Puromycin Effect on Memory May Be Due to Occult Seizures

Intracerebral injections of puromycin, which have been shown to impair memory 3 hours after training, increase the susceptibility of mice to seizures after administration of normally subconvulsive doses of pentylenetetrazol. Cycloheximide, which antagonizes the puromycin-induced amnesia 3 hours after training, also antagonizes the puromycin effect on susceptibility to seizure. The anticonvulsant diphenylhydantoin antagonizes the puromycin effect on memory. The puromycin effect on memory may be due to occult seizures.
Endothelial-mediated dilations following severe controlled cortical impact injury in the rat middle cerebral artery.

ABSTRACT The mechanisms associated with dysfunction of the cerebral vasculature following head trauma have not yet been fully elucidated. In an attempt to shed more light on the matter, we investigated the endothelial-mediated dilations in the rat middle cerebral artery (MCA) following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Rats were subjected to severe controlled cortical impact injury (CCI; 5 m/s, 130 ms duration, 3 mm deformation) over the right parietal cortex. At 24 h postinjury, ipsilateral segments of MCA and corresponding contralateral segments were isolated, mounted in a vessel chamber, and pressurized. The responses to 2 methylthio-ATP (2MeSATP), a selective agonist for the P2Y1 purinoceptors, Nω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NAME), an NO synthase inhibitor, and S-nitroso-Nacetylpenicillamine (SNAP), an exogenous NO donor, were determined. 2MeSATP elicited concentration dependent dilations in all MCAs studied. Ipsilateral MCAs harvested following TBI or sham-TBI, showed similar maximum dilations to 2MeSATP ...
Simulating the modulation response of VCSELs: the effects of diffusion capacitance and spatial hole-burning

The comprehensive semiconductor laser simulator, Minilase, has been extended to simulate the dynamic response of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSLs). Unlike conventional rate equation approaches, Minilase is capable of correctly modelling nonlinear gain effects in the modulation response without the introduction of an empirical gain suppression factor. Various oxide-confined single-mode VCSEL structures are simulated with Minilase to examine the effects of real-space carrier transport on the modulation response in both vertical and lateral directions. It is demonstrated that a roll-off in the dynamic response is closely associated with the diffusion capacitance caused by vertical carrier leakage. By either grading the separate confinement regions or reducing the thickness of the SCH cavity, the vertical carrier leakage is shown to be greatly suppressed, and the modulation response is significantly improved. Simulations also reveal that the nonuniform HE II-like transverse optical intensity in the quantum well results in an overdamping of the relaxation oscillation, and this effect is greatly reduced by making the electrical aperture smaller than the optical aperture. Finally, a comparison with experimental results is presented and discussed.
Univac-Larc, the next step in computer design

UNIVAC®-Larc, the Livermore Atomic Research Computer, is being built for the University of California's Radiation Laboratories at Livermore, California. Larc (Fig. 1), is Remington Rand Univac's newest all solid-state large-scale computer, over 100 times faster than today's scientific computers and internally 1,000 times faster than today's business data-processing system. The design is based entirely on existing components. The customer can expect delivery in 1958. My paper is directed primarily at the systems aspect of the design.
Intramedullary fat globules related to bone trauma: a new MR imaging finding.

Objective The purpose of this study is to describe intraosseous fat globules related to bone trauma that are detectable with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to define the relationship of this finding to fracture and bone contusion, to establish the frequency and associated findings. A proposed pathogenesis is presented.
The condition for the applicability of the Viterbi algorithm with implications for fading channel MLSD

The general condition for the optimality of the Viterbi algorithm (VA) as a method for implementing maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) is described. It is shown that this folding condition is not met for the fading linear Gaussian channel. This clarifies previously published results and allows approaches for approximate MLSD to be viewed as an attempt to force the VA as a suboptimal solution.
Landscape Genetics of Schistocephalus solidus Parasites in Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Alaska

The nature of gene flow in parasites with complex life cycles is poorly understood, particularly when intermediate and definitive hosts have contrasting movement potential. We examined whether the fine-scale population genetic structure of the diphyllobothriidean cestode Schistocephalus solidus reflects the habits of intermediate threespine stickleback hosts or those of its definitive hosts, semi-aquatic piscivorous birds, to better understand complex host-parasite interactions. Seventeen lakes in the Cook Inlet region of south-central Alaska were sampled, including ten in the Matanuska-Susitna Valley, five on the Kenai Peninsula, and two in the Bristol Bay drainage. We analyzed sequence variation across a 759 bp region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase I region for 1,026 S. solidus individuals sampled from 2009-2012. We also analyzed allelic variation at 8 microsatellite loci for 1,243 individuals. Analysis of mtDNA haplotype and microsatellite genotype variation recovered evidence of significant population genetic structure within S. solidus. Host, location, and year were factors in structuring observed genetic variation. Pairwise measures revealed significant differentiation among lakes, including a pattern of isolation-by-distance. Bayesian analysis identified three distinct genotypic clusters in the study region, little admixture within hosts and lakes, and a shift in genotype frequencies over time. Evidence of fine-scale population structure in S. solidus indicates that movement of its vagile, definitive avian hosts has less influence on gene flow than expected based solely on movement potential. Observed patterns of genetic variation may reflect genetic drift, behaviors of definitive hosts that constrain dispersal, life history of intermediate hosts, and adaptive specificity of S. solidus to intermediate host genotype.
Characteristics of multi-shop/ multi-termal delivery routes, with backghauls and unique items

Abstract This paper creates and evaluates spatial models for multiple stop delivery routes that are allowed to begin and end at separate terminals. Each terminal must deliver a set of unique items. These deliveries can be coordinated with deliveries from other terminals to form back-haul loops. The paper assumes that stops are uniformly distributed over a large region and that a strip-routing strategy is followed. Among the findings are that the optimal orientation of a delivery district is defined by the ellipse passing through the routing district and having the terminals as foci. The paper also determines optimal district shape, and determines which districts should be traveled in a single pass (entering and exiting at opposite ends), and which should be traversed in two passes (entering and exitin from the same end).
Proportionally Sampled Multicarrier Modulation

A new proportionally sampled multicarrier modulation (PSMCM) system with optimum receiver is presented in this paper. By adopting different sampling rates at transmitter and receiver, the PSMCM system can achieve multipath diversity with simple linear operations. It has the same spectral efficiency as conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, while doesn't require complex precoder/decoder as used by most other multicarrier systems for the fulfillment of multipath diversity. In addition, it is insensitive to timing phase offset caused by the phase difference between transmitter clock and receiver clock, thus eliminates the need of precise sample level synchronization as required by conventional OFDM system. Exact bit error rate expression of the new system is derived. Both analytical and simulation results show that PSMCM system outperforms OFDM system with the same spectral efficiency by as much as 10 dB.
Technology Education: Prospectus for Curriculum Change

Starr (1988) documents the United States as being in an ever weakening global position. For example, he reports on the demand for an increasingly educated and technical work force and contrasts this with the supply of high school graduates ill equipped for either college or the work force. Many Americans find today's rapidly changing world a bewildering and alien place to live and to work as they intentionally, or unintentionally, recoil from the technical means upon which they must rely and try to cope and adapt (Bensen, 1991). This editorial examines how the United States is failing in its attempt to educate and professionally prepare our youth. The critique is followed with a proposed technology education teacher preparation curriculum that attempts to reflect today's global, technological society.
Self-reporting bias in Chinook salmon sport fisheries in Idaho: implications for roving creel surveys

Abstract Self-reporting bias in sport fisheries of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Idaho was quantified by comparing observed and angler-reported data. A total of 164 observed anglers fished for 541 h and caught 74 Chinook Salmon. Fifty-eight fish were harvested and 16 were released. Anglers reported fishing for 604 h, an overestimate of 63 h. Anglers reported catching 66 fish; four less harvested and four less released fish were reported than observed. A Monte Carlo simulation revealed that when angler-reported data were used, total catch was underestimated by 14–15 fish (19–20%) using the ratio-of-means estimator to calculate mean catch rate. Negative bias was reduced to six fish (8%) when the means-of-ratio estimator was used. Multiple linear regression models to predict reporting bias in time fished had poor predictive value. However, actual time fished and a categorical covariate indicating whether the angler fished continuously during their fishing trip were two variables that were presen...
Nuclear Transport Modulation Reduces Hypercholesterolemia, Atherosclerosis, and Fatty Liver

compared with control animals (36% and 53%, respectively; P<0.005) and liver (41% and 34%, respectively; P<0.05) after 8 weeks. Atherosclerosis was reduced by 63% (P<0.0005), and liver function improved compared with saline-treated controls. In addition, fasting blood glucose levels were reduced from 209 to 138 mg/dL (P<0.005), and body weight gain was ameliorated (P<0.005) in NTM-treated mice, although food intake remained the same as that in control animals. The NTM used in this study, cSN50.1 peptide, is known to modulatenucleartransportofstress-responsivetranscriptionfactorssuchasnuclearfactorkappaB,themasterregulatorofinflammation. This NTM has now been demonstrated to also modulate nuclear transport of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcriptionfactors,themasterregulatorsofcholesterol,triglyceride,andfattyacidsynthesis.NTM-modulatedtranslocationofSREBPsto the nucleus was associated with attenuated transactivation of their cognate genes that contribute to hyperlipidemia. Conclusions-—Two-pronged control of inflammation and dyslipidemia by modulating nuclear transport of their critical regulators offers a new approach to comprehensive amelioration of hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, and their potential complications. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2:e000093 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000093)
The Efficacy of Vitamin E (DL-α-tocopheryl acetate) Supplementation in Hen Diets to Alleviate Egg Quality Deterioration Associated with High Temperature Exposure

Abstract Supplementation of hen diets with vitamin E was investigated as a means to alleviate egg quality deterioration associated with high temperature exposure. One hundred eighty layers (60 birds/diet) were randomly placed on diets supplemented with vitamin E at 20, 60, and 120 IU/kg feed. After 2 wk on feed, one-half of the birds were maintained at environmental temperatures of 21 C, whereas the other half were acclimated over 3 d to increasing environmental temperatures reaching 34 C. Birds were exposed to 21 or 34 C for 2 wk (five hens per cage x six replications). Egg production, feed intake, and egg weights were determined daily. Twenty eggs were collected from each treatment group and analyzed for vitamin E content in yolk, percentage egg solids, yolk color, yolk pH, albumen pH, foaming ability of albumen proteins, emulsification capacity of yolk, yolk viscosity, yolk color, and vitelline membrane strength (VMS). Results suggested that high temperature exposure (HTE) caused a reduction in feed intake, egg production, Haugh units, egg weights, VMS, yolk and albumen solids, foam stability, angel cake volume, yolk color, and emulsification capacity. Supplementation of HTE hen diets with 60 IU vitamin E/kg feed improved feed intake, egg production, VMS, yolk and albumen solids, foam stability, and angel cake volume. However, egg weight, emulsification capacity, yolk color, yolk index, and yolk viscosity were not improved by vitamin E supplementation of HTE hens. Vitamin E levels in the yolk were lower from HTE hens compared with controls at all levels of vitamin E supplementation.
A palaeomagnetic and palaeobiogeographical perspective on latest Neoproterozoic and early Cambrian tectonic events

During the latest Neoproterozoic to Mid-Cambrian time (580–505 Ma ago), the Earth underwent significant changes in palaeogeography that included rifting of a possible supercontinent and the near simultaneous formation of a second, slightly smaller supercontinent. It is against this tectonic backdrop that the Cambrian radiation occurred. Although the general tectonic setting during this interval is fairly well constrained, models of the exact palaeogeography are controversial because of the lack of reliable palaeomagnetic data from some of the continental blocks. Palaeogeographical models based on palaeomagnetic data range from a high-latitude configuration for most continents, to a low-latitude configuration for most continents, or to rapid oscillations in continental configurations triggered by inertial changes within the planet. Palaeobiogeographical data can also be used to help constrain palaeogeographical models. To this end we use vicariance patterns in olenellid trilobites to determine their compatibility with three end-member palaeogeographical models derived from palaeomagnetic data for the Neoproterozoic and early Cambrian. The most congruent palaeogeographical model with respect to the palaeobiogeographical data described herein is the high-latitude configuration for most continents. Those palaeomagnetic models that predict inertial interchange true polar wander or multiple episodes of true polar wander differ significantly from the results from palaeobiogeography. The low-latitude palaeogeographical models also differ from the results from palaeobiogeography, but this may partly arise because of a lack of palaeomagnetic and palaeobiogeographical data from many parts of present-day South America and Africa.
Theory: Does it Matter?

In this article, the meaning and importance of family theory to practice are explored. The evolution of family theories is acknowledged.
The Nuclear (and the) Holocaust: Israel, Iran, and the Shadows of Auschwitz

The main thesis of this article is that the Holocaust is indispensable for understanding Israel’s treatment of what it perceives as the greatest current threat to its security the Iranian nuclear program. The Holocaust’s impact deviates in crucial ways from established teaching regarding balance of power in general and nuclear deterrence in particular. Mutually Assured Destruction, the distinction between capabilities and intentions, and even linkage politics all of those basic concepts are profoundly altered in the Israeli case by the (often conscious) presence of the Holocaust. The Holocaust’s influence is evident in the Israeli belief that deterring Iran might be impossible: MAD does not apply to the Iranians since, like Hitler, their regime is considered mad: its commitment to destructing the “Zionist entity” is understood as trumping any standard realpolitik calculations. This perception of Iran generates the conviction that the Iranian nuclear project must be stopped at all costs: Israel must prepare for the possibility that the Jews will once again be left alone and, if need be, launch a strike against Iran to prevent a potential second Holocaust. There will not be time for “accommodation” to the threat. This article is available in Journal of Strategic Security: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol4/iss1/4 Journal of Strategic Security Volume IV Issue 1 2011, pp. 37-56 DOI: 10.5038/1944-0472.4.1.3 Journal of Strategic Security (c) 2011 ISSN: 1944-0464 eISSN: 1944-0472 37 The Nuclear (and the) Holocaust: Israel, Iran, and the Shadows of Auschwitz Shmulik Nili University of Notre Dame snili@nd.edu
Representation Transfer for Reinforcement Learning

Transfer learning problems are typically framed as leveraging knowledge learned on a source task to improve learning on a related, but different, target task. Current transfer lear ning methods are able to successfully transfer knowledge from a source reinforcement learning task into a target task, redu cing learning time. However, the complimentary task of transferring knowledge between agents with different internal representations has not been well explored The goal in both types of transfer problems is the same: reduce the time needed to learn the target with transfer, relative to learning the tar get without transfer. This work defines representation transfer, contrasts it with task transfer, and introduces two novel al gorithms. Additionally, we show representation transfer algorithms can also be successfully used for task transfer, pr oviding an empirical connection between the two problems. These algorithms are fully implemented in a complex multiagent domain and experiments demonstrate that transferring the learned knowledge between different representations is both possible and beneficial.
Accurate prediction of Q vs. OSNR for linear and nonlinear propagation

We investigate the effects of self-phase-modulation on the pulse characteristics of an RZ channel in a WDM loop. Even in the case of significant spectral broadening, the Q-value can be predicted from the linear theory.
Water content effects on photosynthetic response of Sphagnum mosses from the foothills of the Philip Smith Mountains, Alaska.

In tussock tundra areas of the foothills north of the Brooks Range, Alaska, up to two-thirds of annual precipitation may occur during intermittent summer thunderstorms. The seasonal pattern in capitulum water content of Sphagnum spp. depends on the frequency and duration of these precipitation events, on the microtopography of the habitat including depth of thaw, and on morphological characteristics of the individual species. The response of net photosynthesis to varying water content in Sphagnum squarrosum and S. angustifolium growing under willow canopies in a tussock tundra area near the Dalton Highway on the North Slope of Alaska was examined in the field. After a period in June required to develop photosynthetic capability, capitula water content was essentially optimal for photosynthesis in the range from 6 to 10 g H2O/g DW. Above this range, the rate of CO2 uptake was reduced, presumably due to limitations on CO2 diffusion to the photosynthetically active sites. At water contents below the optimum, net photosynthesis fell rapidly until reaching compensation at approximately 1 g H2O/g DW. Dependent on changes in weather conditions, average water content of Sphagnum samples collected in the field occasionally fell below 5 g H2O/g DW. During a particularly dry period, water content of individual Sphagnum hummocks fell below 1 g H2O/g DW, indicating that water stress does limit Sphagnum photosynthetic production in this habitat.
A clinical and urodynamic study of patients with varying degrees of cystocele

Abstract Objective: To assess urodynamic alterations in patients with varying degrees of cystocele but without prolapse of the uterus, rectocele and/or enterocele. Patients and methods: Between September 1993 and June 1995 we examined 83 patients with varying degrees of isolated cystocele. All subjects were questioned about their medical history and underwent urogynaecological examination and urodynamic tests. Results and conclusions: In our study there were no cases of pure urge incontinence nor were there any normal urodynamic situations; genuine stress incontinence was the most frequent urinary disorder. Moreover patients with grade 3–4 cystocele on the Baden-Walker scale had more difficulty in voiding than subjects with milder forms of cystocele. In fact the maximum and average flow rates of the former tended to decrease, flow and voiding times were longer and acceleration of flow rate were significantly lower. The maximum urethral closure pressure tended to diminish with an increase in the duration of menopause, whereas the pressure trasmission ratio tended to decline significantly with an increase in cystocele severity. In conclusion, even when cystocele is the only alteration in pelvic statics, it determines significant urodynamic changes that must be carefully assessed so as to optimize the choice, mode and time of surgical, rehabilitative or pharmacological intervention.
Functional Partitioning for Low Power Distributed Systems of Systems-on-a-chip

In this paper, we present a functional partitioning method for low power real-time distributed embedded systems whose constituent nodes are systems-on-a-chip (SOCs). The system level specification is assumed to be given as a set of task graphs. The goal is to partition the task graphs so that each partitioned segment is implemented as an SOC and the embedded system is realized as a distributed system of SOCs. Unlike most previous synthesis and partitioning tools, this technique merges partitioning and system synthesis (allocation, assignment, and scheduling) into one integrated process; both are implemented within a genetic algorithm. Genetic algorithms can escape local minima and explore the partitioning and synthesis design space efficiently. Through integration with an existing SOC synthesis tool, the proposed partitioning technique satisfies both the hard real-time constraints and the SOC area constraint of each partitioned segment. Under these constraints, our tool performs multi-objective optimization. Thus, with a single run of the tool, it produces multiple distributed SOC-based embedded system architectures that trade off the overall distributed system price and power consumption. Experimental results show the efficacy of our technique.
Vitrectomy Without Scleral Buckling for Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Trans pars plana vitrectomy with air-fluid exchange was performed on 29 selected cases of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in which scleral buckling would be the usual surgical approach. The group contained 20 phakic eyes, two aphakic eyes, and seven pseudophakic eyes; the macula was detached preoperatively in 17 eyes (66%). The reattachment rate after one operation was 79% (23 of 29 eyes); after two operations this increased to 93% (27 of 29 eyes). Visual acuities of 20/50 or better were achieved in 22 of 27 successfully treated cases (81%). Vitrectomy without scleral buckling may allow retinal reattachment with excellent visual results in selected cases of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
A Technique for In—Situ Detection of Growth Dislocations

A formidable obstacle to develop the optimal conditions for growing dislocation-free crystals has been the lack of a direct technique to monitor the perfection of the solid/liquid (S/L) interface during growth. Recently we have developed a technique which detects, in-situ, the emergence of dislocation(s) at the crystallization front. This novel technique is based on the thermoelectric principles, and utilizes the dependence of the Seebeck emf generated across the S/L interface upon the interface temperature, crystal orientation, and dopant concentration. The technique was used to directly measure the S/L interface temperature during growth of Ga and In-doped Ga. For the latter, the technique also shows the breakdown (instability) of the faceted interface, which leads to the entrapment of the In-rich bands. The applicability of the technique to monitor defect formation during crystal growth processes such as thin film zone, Czochralski, or liquid phase epitaxy will be discussed.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Size Effects in Fine-Grained Morphotropic-Phase-Boundary Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics

The processing, electromechanical properties, and microstructure of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics over the grain-size range of 0.1-10 μm were studied. Using measurements over a large temperature range (15-600 K), the relative role of extrinsic contribution (i.e., domain-wall motion) was deduced to be influenced strongly by the grain size, particularly for donor-doped PZT. Analytical transmission electron microscopy studies were conducted to investigate the trend in domain configurations with the reduction of grain size. The correlations between domain density, domain variants, domain configurations (before and after poling), spontaneous deformation, and the elastodielectric properties were qualitatively discussed, leading to new insights into the intrinsic and extrinsic effects and relevant size effects in ferroelectric polycrystalline materials.