cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scapula fracture secondary to static line injury in a 22 year-old active duty soldier.

This radiological case study of scapula fracture is reported in a 22 year-old active duty male Soldier who sustained a static line injury during an airborne operation at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. This is the first reported scapula fracture secondary to this mechanism since a 1973 report by Heckman and Levine. The fracture was neither identified by Emergency Department nor Orthopedic Surgery providers, and was reported in the radiologist?s formal read. Ten emergency physicians and emergency medicine physician assistants reviewed the radiographical studies and none successfully identified the injury. Because this injury was uniformly missed by experienced emergency medicine providers it is presented as a radiographic case study in hopes that this injury will not go undiagnosed, potentially causing increased morbidity and mortality in this patient population. The patient was treated with a posterior splint and immobilization and seen by the orthopedic service the next day. Interestingly, the orthopedic surgeon also did not recognize this fracture. This mechanism of injury is rarely seen in clinical practice outside of the airborne community. Scapula fractures can be an indicator of serious thoracic trauma and may prompt the need for further diagnostic studies. The fact that so many providers missed the injury reinforces the need to evaluate the patient as a whole and to be ever suspicious of missing concomitant injuries in the trauma patient. Language: en
An unusual method of diagnosing a common disease

A 34-year-old woman presented with non-bloody diarrhoea of 14 days duration and vomiting. Physical examination was unremarkable. She had hypokalaemia and metabolic acidosis. Stool studies were negative for Clostridium difficile toxin, faecal leucocytes and parasites. Colon appeared normal on colonoscopy. Pronounced scalloping of ileal folds was noted on ileoscopy. Ileal biopsies revealed villous blunting, crypt hyperplasia, marked intraepithelial lymphocytosis and lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria, consistent with lymphocytic ileitis in coeliac disease. Serology revealed elevated antitissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies (>100 U/ml). Institution of a strict gluten free diet resulted in complete resolution of symptoms. Although rare, coeliac disease can present as an acute diarrhoeal illness and should be considered after infectious aetiologies are excluded.
Source Localization For A Turbulent Plume Model Using Bayesian Occupancy Grid Mapping

In this paper we address the problem of estimating the source location of an airborne biological agent in a turbulent wind field using an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) and Bayesian occupancy grid mapping. The UAS is assumed to fly at constant altitude and is capable of measuring the contaminant concentration using a biological sensor. In simulations, a turbulent wind simulator is used to propagate a plume of contaminant being released from an unknown source location. Recursive Bayesian estimation is applied to estimate the source location. An occupancy grid map gives the probability that a given grid cell contains the source. The grid is updated in response to detection events in order to guide the UAS toward the source.
Prevalence and Outcomes of Head and Neck versus Non-Head and Neck Second Primary Malignancies in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database

Background/Aims: Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are at risk for second primary malignancies (SPMs). The prevalence, distribution, and patient survival in head and neck ver
Brote Grande, A New Phytoplasma Associated Disease of Chile Peppers in the Desert Southwest

Abstract Chile is one of the most important crops in New Mexico, contributing both to the agricultural economy and cultural identity of the state. Diseases are a major constraint on chile productio...
The synthesis and characterization of new nickel complexes with unusual coordination modes

Abstract Two mononickel complexes, K2[Ni(Hccdp)](CH3OH)·8H2O (1), and [Ni(H2O)6][Ni(H2ccdp)(H2O)2]2·12H2O (2); a dinickel complex, K2[Ni2(ccdp)(acac)(H2O)2]·7H2O (3); and a tetranickel complex, Cs6[Ni4(ccdp)2(μ-η2-η2-CO3)2]·23H2O (4) (ccdp5− = N,N′-Bis[2-carboxybenzomethyl]-N,N′-Bis[carboxymethyl]-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol; acac− = acetylacetonato) have been synthesized and fully characterized using different techniques including single crystal X-ray crystallography and electrochemistry. The redox behavior of complexes 1–4 were studied using cyclic voltammetry either in water or DMF solution systems. Whereas complexes 1, 2 and 4 found to be redox active, complex 3 showed no redox activity in water.
A unique case of massive ascites before ovulation associated with gonadotropin therapy

Objective To describe a unique case of massive ascites associated with gonadotropin therapy. Design Case report. Setting Patient in a hospital-based private IVF center. Intervention(s) Ovulation induction with gonadotropins for subsequent IVF. Result(s) Ovulation induction with gonadotropins resulted in the accumulation, before ovulation, of 1,200 and 2,000mL of peritoneal fluid in two consecutive cycles. The stimulation yielded four and six oocytes, respectively. Conclusion(s) Gonadotropin therapy can result in ascites before ovulation without an exaggerated ovarian response and without interfering with follicular development.
Influence of Co~(2+) on the Cell Multiplication of Fragilaria sp. and Scenedesmus obiquus

Co2+ is a kind of trace element needed by phytoplankton's metabolism and growth.The results of algal growth potential test showed that cell growth and multiplication of Fragilaria sp.increased faster at Co2+ concentration of 0.120 0～ 0.167 8 μg/L in liquid culture media,and were obviously inhibited when Co2+ mass concentration was above 0.229 1 μg/L.It also shown that the optimum Co2+ mass concentration for cell growth and multiplication of Scenedesmus obiquus was 0.120 0～0.229 1 μg/L.However,the Co2+ concentration above 0.284 9 μg/L caused obviously inhibition to cell growth and multiplication of Scenedesmus obiquus in different degrees.The Co2+ concentration in Fenhe reservoir was 0.167 8 μg/L.It could also accelerate the growth and cell multiplication of Diatom and Chlorophyta,when other conditions were suitable.
Benchmarking Deep Networks for Predicting Residue-Specific Quality of Individual Protein Models in CASP11.

Quality assessment of a protein model is to predict the absolute or relative quality of a protein model using computational methods before the native structure is available. Single-model methods only need one model as input and can predict the absolute residue-specific quality of an individual model. Here, we have developed four novel single-model methods (Wang_deep_1, Wang_deep_2, Wang_deep_3, and Wang_SVM) based on stacked denoising autoencoders (SdAs) and support vector machines (SVMs). We evaluated these four methods along with six other methods participating in CASP11 at the global and local levels using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and ROC analysis. As for residue-specific quality assessment, our four methods achieved better performance than most of the six other CASP11 methods in distinguishing the reliably modeled residues from the unreliable measured by ROC analysis; and our SdA-based method Wang_deep_1 has achieved the highest accuracy, 0.77, compared to SVM-based methods and our ensemble of an SVM and SdAs. However, we found that Wang_deep_2 and Wang_deep_3, both based on an ensemble of multiple SdAs and an SVM, performed slightly better than Wang_deep_1 in terms of ROC analysis, indicating that integrating an SVM with deep networks works well in terms of certain measurements.
Is biological aging accelerated in drug addiction

Drug-addiction may trigger early onset of age-related disease, due to drug-induced multi-system toxicity and perilous lifestyle, which remains mostly undetected and untreated. We present the literature on pathophysiological processes that may hasten aging and its relevance to addiction, including: oxidative stress and cellular aging, inflammation in periphery and brain, decline in brain volume and function, and early onset of cardiac, cerebrovascular, kidney, and liver disease. Timely detection of accelerated aging in addiction is crucial for the prevention of premature morbidity and mortality.
The SENSER CLYC experiment

The Space and Endo-Atmospheric Nudet (Nuclear Detonation) Surveillance Experimentation and Risk-Reduction (SENSER) project, scheduled to launch to geosynchronous orbit in 2019, contains several experimental and demonstration systems developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories to assess next-generation technologies for space-based national security missions. The CLYC experiment in SENSER will examine Cs 2 LiYCl 6 (CLYC) scintillators in the space environment. CLYC enables neutron and gamma-ray detection in a single instrument and better gamma energy resolution than traditional scintillators. The CLYC experiment will also investigate silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) photodetectors for additional SWaP reduction. In this paper, we present the CLYC experiment objectives, design, and results of initial laboratory tests of the partially-built system.
Antisense Nucleic Acid Analogues as Potential Antiviral Agents

Antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides and nuclease resistant, phosphate-modified oligonucleotide analogues can be used to inhibit virus gene expression both in vitro and in cell culture. Oligomers targeted to bind to functional regions of viral mRNAs such as the initiation codon region or splice junction regions of pre-mRNA, can interfere with mRNA expression in a sequence specific manner. Antisense oligonucleotides and oligonucleotide analogues have been used to inhibit virus protein synthesis and replication in cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Because the inhibitory effects of the oligomers depend upon the oligomer sequence, it appears that antisense oligomers could be used as research tools to study and manipulate virus gene expression in cell culture and could be developed into highly specific and effective antiviral agents.
The Role of Complement in Myocardial Inflammation and Reperfusion Injury

The complement system represents a major physiologic defense mechanism, which in addition has the potential for initiating tissue damage at the initial site of injury, in many cases, being directed towards the vascular endothelium. A major question concerns the role of the complement system as a direct mediator of tissue injury, as well as its ability to promote the inflammatory response associated with myocardial ischemia and/or reperfusion. As a major component of the innate immune system, complement is able to discriminate self from non-self and to bring about the removal of pathogens and non-self antigens by inducing signaling mechanisms that initiate pro-inflammatory, opsonic, phagocytic, and cytolytic actions.
Algorithms for the calculation of psychrometric properties from multi-fluid Helmholtz-energy- explicit models

Abstract Psychrometric properties of humid air are widely used in the analysis and modeling of thermal systems. In this work, we present a method for obtaining these properties from the multi-fluid mixture formulation of the GERG mixture model. This mixture model was originally developed to model the thermodynamics of natural gas mixtures, and more recently has been extended to model thermodynamic properties relevant for carbon capture and storage. The primary advantage of this formulation is that the dry air composition is not fixed, and can be adjusted to suit the application, for instance for combustion flue gases, for air in submarines, for Martian atmospheres, etc. Furthermore, this multi-fluid framework employs the highest accuracy pure-fluid equations of state in the literature. We present algorithms that can be used to calculate the quantity of water in the saturated vapor in vapor-liquid and solid-vapor equilibria, and other properties that arise out of these equilibria calculations, such as relative humidity and humidity ratio. We also present algorithms for converting other common sets of independent variables (e.g., wet-bulb temperatures), to the natural variables of the mixture model. Comprehensive discussion of the developed algorithms is provided, as well as sample code in the C++ language.
Performance of Asphalt Rejuvenators in Hot-Mix Asphalt Containing Recycled Asphalt Shingles:

The use of recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) in asphalt paving construction represents a sustainable approach to reduce virgin material consumption and negative environmental effects, as well as the cost of asphalt pavement. However, many challenges are yet to be addressed about the use of RAS in paving applications. This study evaluated the effect of the incorporation of postconsumer waste shingles and rejuvenators on the performance of hot-mix asphalt. Four asphalt rejuvenators—one bio-oil and three synthetic oils—were evaluated. A set of laboratory tests was conducted to characterize the performance of asphalt mixtures against permanent deformation and fatigue cracking. The addition of 5% RAS showed an improvement in permanent deformation when compared with a conventional mixture with no RAS. Yet the addition of asphalt rejuvenator products slightly decreased the performance against permanent deformation. On the basis of Hamburg wheel-tracking device test results, the addition of RAS did not adversely af...
Energy Management during Field Production Practices

Fuel consumption on a tractor or self-propelled implement directly uses energy during field operations. Omitting an operation (e.g., a tillage pass) or reducing engine idle time directly stops fuel use. When tractor operation is required, techniques such as shifting up a gear and reducing engine speed, using correct ballast and tire inflation, air and fuel filter maintenance, or shallower tillage can reduce fuel use by 5–20% or more. Tractor test information can be used when selecting a new or used tractor. Electronic control with auto-steering, section shut-off on planters or sprayers, and travel speed control has potential to save fuel, including for biofuel usage.
Conducting Qualitative Data Analysis: Reading Line-by-Line, but Analyzing by Meaningful Qualitative Units

In the first of a series of “how-to” essays on conducting qualitative data analysis, Ron Chenail points out the challenges of determining units to analyze qualitatively when dealing with text. He acknowledges that although we may read a document word-by-word or line-by-line, we need to adjust our focus when processing the text for purposes of conducting qualitative data analysis so we concentrate on meaningful, undivided entities or wholes as our units of analysis. Key Words: Qualitative Data Analysis, Unit of Analysis, and Qualitative Research. One of the biggest challenges in conducting qualitative data analysis is deciding on what piece of the data constitutes a meaningful unit to analyze. A unit by definition is “a single undivided entity or whole” (Collins English Dictionary, 2011) so in qualitative data analysis a unit would be a single undivided entity upon which you direct your analysis and express the qualities you perceive in that element. Since data do not come already packaged in nice little units, how do qualitative data analysts approach this quandary when selecting a meaningful undivided whole to analyze? One procedure qualitative researchers often share in describing their analytical process is to write they conducted the analysis of a transcript, fieldnotes, or some other textual source was conducted in a line-by-line manner (Bradley, Curry, & Devers, 2007). This commonly found passage sounds fine, but approaching lines of a text as prospective units of analysis could lead researchers to over- and under-sizing their units to be analyzed. This arbitrary calibration by the researcher could lead to misidentifying meaningful qualitative elements to analyze. This problematic outcome can arise because in the analysis of textual material, the number of words portrayed in a line has more to do with margins, justification, and font size than setting forth significant qualitative elements to be studied for their qualities or essential features. In other words, a line of text might not constitute a suitable, undivided entity or whole to analyze qualitatively. To make sure you focus on portions of the data that have potential as qualitatively meaningful undivided units to analyze, it is fine to read a transcript line-by-line to help slow down your pace of assessing suitable elements, but be careful to let that attention span determine your units of analysis because you might be better served to focus on units shorter and longer than an arbitrary line of text. Not surprisingly some qualitative researchers conversely advocate a word-by-word style of reading text for purposes of analysis (e.g., Reddy & Spence, 2008), but this narrower, myopic choice is again only an arbitrary start of the analytical process of separating any material into constituent qualitative elements. Given the differences between reading texts line-by-line or word-by-word, and analyzing data by meaningful qualitative elements, it is critical that you make note how
Spread Spectrum Techniques

Spread spectrum signals have the distinguishing characteristic that the bandwidth used to transmit a message is much greater than the message bandwidth. This band spread is achieved by using a spreading code or pseudo-noise (PN) sequence that is independent of the message and is known to the receiver. The receiver uses a synchronized replica of the PN sequence to despread the received signal allowing recovery of the message. The chapter begins with an introduction to direct sequence (DS) and frequency hop (FH) spread spectrum. PN sequences are fundamental to all spread spectrum systems and are treated in detail. A variety of sequences are considered including m-sequences, Gold sequences, Kasami sequences, Barker sequences, Walsh-Hadamard sequences, variable length orthogonal codes, and complementary code keying. The remainder of the chapter concentrates on DS spread spectrum. The power spectral density of DS spread spectrum signals is considered. Afterwards, the bit error rate performance of DS spread spectrum signals is considered in the presence of tone interference. Afterwards, the performance of point-to-point DS spread spectrum on frequency-selective fading channels is discussed and it is shown how a RAKE receiver can be used to gain multipath diversity. The chapter concludes with a discussion of CDMA multiuser detection techniques, including optimum CDMA multiuser detection, decorrelation detection and minimum mean square error detection.
C. E. Schildknecht

Although my research for the Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins was with Frank O. Rice on photo-oxidation of acetone1, I heard about developments in polymers from teachers E. Emmett Reid, Emil Ott, Maurice Huggins, and Neil Gordon. Beginning in September 1936 in laboratories of the Plastics Department of duPont in Arlington, N.J., I worked on the coloring of different types of plastics and later upon the reaction processes giving polymer plastics from methyl methacrylate, styrene, vinyl, chloride, and vinyl acetate as well as manufacture of polyvinyl alcohols and polyvinyl butyral. Opalescent co-polymers from styrene and MMA were developed and produced2. Inhibition of MMA by oxygen and the oxidation products were studied3. These experiences, together with contacts with German polymer processes from Allied Intelligence Reports and in the General Aniline and Film Corp. (after its seizure by the U.S. in War II) gave me background for the book Vinyl and Related Polymers4. I also had the advantages of Herman Mark’s lectures and seminars at Brooklyn Polytechnic beginning in 1941.
Lesson Study in Preservice Elementary Mathematics Methods Courses: Connecting Emerging Practice and Understanding

Teacher education programs have long struggled to find the best way to prepare quality teachers, and research has shown that teacher educators face several challenges. Lortie (1975) uses the term “apprenticeship of observation” in explaining how teachers’ own schooling experiences shape their beliefs about teaching, and ultimately how they interact with students in their classrooms. Brouwer and Korthagen (2005) stipulate that teachers become socialized into the profession, adopting more traditional models of teaching that are consistent with the culture at most schools, despite the kind of experiences they have had in teacher education programs. We must question how much influence the teacher education programs can have on teachers given that such socialization is a strong factor impacting practice.
A Holistic Understanding of Shared Workspaces: A Guiding Typology and Framework

Shared workspaces, such as coffee shops, coworking spaces, and airport lounges, are work environments where individuals may conduct their work alongside others with the potential for social interac...
Lie Algebras in Dimensions One, Two, and Three

Just to get a sense of what a Lie algebra is and what groups might be associated to it, we will classify here all Lie algebras of dimension three or less. We will work primarily with complex Lie algebras and Lie groups, but will mention the real case as well. Needless to say, this lecture is logically superfluous; but it is easy, fun, and serves a didactic purpose, so why not read it anyway. The analyses of both the Lie algebras and the Lie groups are completely elementary, with one exception: the classification of the complex Lie groups associated to abelian Lie algebras involves the theory of complex tori, and should probably be skipped by anyone not familiar with this subject.
Featured Article: Bidirectional Effects of Sleep and Sedentary Behavior Among Toddlers: A Dynamic Multilevel Modeling Approach.

Objective To examine the bidirectional effects of objectively measured nighttime sleep and sedentary activity among toddlers. Method Actical accelerometer data were analyzed for 195 toddlers participating in an obesity prevention trial (mean age = 27 months). Toddlers wore the accelerometers for up to 7 consecutive days. Nighttime sleep was defined as the number of minutes asleep between the hours of 8 pm and 8 am the following morning. Sedentary behavior (in minutes) was defined using previously established Actical cut points for toddlers. Variables were lagged and parsed into latent within- and between-person components, using dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM). Results Toddlers spent an average of 172 min (∼3 hr) in sedentary activity and slept an average of 460 min (∼8 hr) per night. An autoregressive cross-lagged multilevel model revealed significant autoregression for both sleep and sedentary activity. Cross-lagged values revealed that decreased sleep predicted increased next-day sedentary activity, and sedentary activity predicted that night's sleep. For 89% of the sample, the within-person standardized cross-lagged effects of sleep on sedentary were larger than the cross-lagged effects of sedentary on sleep. Conclusions Results suggest that, on average, nighttime sleep is a stronger predictor of subsequent sedentary behavior (compared with the reverse), and this is the case for the majority of toddlers. Findings highlight the importance of interindividual associations between sleep and sedentary activity. The present study is an example of how DSEM methods can be used to ask questions about Granger-causal cross-lagged relations between variables, both within and between individuals.
Local approximation of Markov chains in time and space.

In epidemic modelling, the emergence of a disease is characterized by the low numbers of infectious individuals. Environmental randomness impacts outcomes such as the outbreak or extinction of the ...
STAND UP! A Performance Autoethnography of Resistance

In this essay, I explore the possibility of speaking out for social justice, of speaking truth to power, of standing up for what you believe in, of answering the call of conscience to respond to in...
Timing of Homework Completion vs. Performance in General Chemistry

The goal of this study was to investigate the timing of online homework completion and its effects on student performance. Data was collected from two large, first-semester general chemistry sections at a southwestern university. Specifically, this study aims to explore the link between when students complete their homework relative to the date the material was covered in lecture and student performance in that class. Topics covered in the study included VSEPR, Lewis structures, and molecular geometry. Performance was measured by different variables, namely in-class clicker scores (short-term) and exam grade (long-term). Students were divided into three groups: students who completed the relevant homework within 2 days after the lecture (before the next lecture), those who completed the homework 2 to 4 days after the lecture, and students who completed the homework more than 4 days after the material was covered in lecture. The study also took into consideration student reasoning abilities, as measured by the Test of Logical Thinking (TOLT), with a focus on at-risk students (low TOLT students). Results showed promising findings for low TOLT students. Instructors can employ results from this study to help their students better utilize the online homework resources.
Rigorous formalism of anharmonic atomistic Green's function for three-dimensional interfaces

The traditional atomistic Green's function (AGF) was formulated in the harmonic regime, preventing it from capturing the role of anharmonicity in interfacial thermal transport. Incorporating anharmonicity into the AGF has long been desired but remains challenging. In this Rapid Communication, we developed an anharmonic AGF model to incorporate anharmonicity at interfaces in three-dimensional structures rigorously. Without any fitting parameters, we can obtain the thermal interface conductance using first-principles force constants as the only input. This Rapid Communication represents a significant step forward for the AGF.
Breast Cancer Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Versus Adjuvant Chemotherapy by Receptor Subtype: A Scoping Review

Abstract Background Trials demonstrate equivalent survival for breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) or adjuvant chemotherapy (AC). However, these were conducted before the recognition of the importance of receptor subtype for survival and chemotherapy response. Therefore, chemotherapy timing may impact survival for certain receptor subtypes. A scoping review of studies assessing outcomes by chemotherapy timing based on receptor subtype was conducted to evaluate gaps in the existing literature. Methods Three databases were searched in February 2019 with terms related to breast cancer, NAC/AC, and survival. Inclusion criteria were original peer-reviewed studies published in English after 1989 comparing breast cancer outcomes for females based on chemotherapy timing. Studies/sections of studies lacking outcomes by receptor subtype or including patients missing appropriate targeted therapy were excluded. Results Of 7354 articles, 262 abstracts and 60 full texts were reviewed. Three studies met criteria. All were single-institution retrospective studies analyzing outcomes for triple negative (TN) patients with one study also examining luminal A patients. Significant differences in clinical characteristics existed between patients selected for NAC versus AC. Two studies demonstrated no survival difference by chemotherapy timing for TN patients, with the third showing improved likelihood of survival after AC for TN patients. No difference was seen for patients with luminal A cancer. Conclusions Our scoping review reveals a significant gap in the existing literature regarding optimal timing of chemotherapy for modern-era patients receiving targeted therapy based on receptor subtype. Review of the identified studies identified methodological challenges to answering this question through observational study designs.
Validation of the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Post Stroke.

Abstract Objective To establish reliability and validity of the abbreviated (10-item) Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) among individuals post stroke. Method The psychometric properties of the CESD-10 were evaluated in 1219 adults with stroke admitted to an eligible inpatient rehabilitation facilities (n = 11) across 9 different states post stroke during 2005 to 2006. This study was a secondary data analysis of the existing publicly available clinical trial dataset, Stroke Recovery in Underserved Populations study. Reliability, validity, factory structure and item-level psychometrics of the CESD-10 were examined. In addition, the predictive accuracy of the CESD-10 was compared against the CESD-20 (criterion). Results The CESD-10 was highly correlated with the CESD-20 (r = 0.97). The CESD-10 had good internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.86). The CESD-20 and CESD-10 had similar accuracy in classifying individuals as depressed (Kappa = 0.85). Conclusion The 10-item CESD is a valid measure of depression for individuals post stroke.
Pharmacological Inhibition of CDK8 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-468 Increases E2F1 Protein, Induces Phosphorylation of STAT3 and Apoptosis

Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) has been identified as a colon cancer oncogene. Since this initial observation, CDK8 has been implicated as a potential driver of other cancers including acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and some breast cancers. Here, we observed different biological responses to CDK8 inhibition among colon cancer cell lines and the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-468. When treated with CDK8 inhibitor 4, all treated cell lines responded with decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis. In the MDA-MB-468 cell line, the decrease in cell viability was dependent on increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is not observed in the colon cancer cell lines. Furthermore, increased STAT3 phosphorylation in 4 treated MDA-MB-468 cells was dependent on increased transcription factor E2F1 protein. These results are consistent with previous reports of exogenous expression of E2F1-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-468 cells.
Simulation of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) breeding guided by practices to prioritize accelerated research gains

The domestication process of sugar kelp in the Northeast U.S. was initiated by selective breeding two years ago. In this study, we will demonstrate how obstacles for accelerated genetic gain can be assessed using simulation approaches that inform resource allocation decisions in our research. Thus far, we have used 140 wild sporophytes (SPs) that were sampled from the northern Gulf of Maine (GOM) to southern New England (SNE). From these SPs, we sampled gametophytes (GPs) and made and evaluated over 600 progeny SPs from crosses among the GPs. The biphasic life cycle of kelp gives a great advantage in selective breeding as we can potentially select both on the SPs and GPs. However, several obstacles exist, such as the amount of time it takes to complete a breeding cycle, the number of GPs that can be maintained in the lab, and whether positive selection can be conducted on farm tested SPs. Using the GOM population characteristics for heritability and effective population size, we simulated a founder population of 1000 individuals and evaluated the impact of overcoming these obstacles on genetic gain. Our results showed that key factors to improve current genetic gain rely mainly on our ability to induce reproduction of the best farm-tested SPs, and to accelerate the clonal vegetative growth of released GPs so that enough GP biomass is ready for making crosses by the next growing season. Overcoming these challenges could improve rates of genetic gain more than two-fold. Future research should focus on conditions favorable for inducing spring and early summer reproduction, and increasing the amount of GP tissue available in time to make fall crosses.
Effect of radiofrequency shield diameter on signal‐to‐noise ratio at ultra‐high field MRI

Purpose In this work, we investigated how the position of the radiofrequency (RF) shield can affect the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a receive RF coil. Our aim was to obtain physical insight for the design of a 10.5T 32-channel head coil, subject to the constraints on the diameter of the RF shield imposed by the head gradient coil geometry. Method We used full-wave numerical simulations to investigate how the SNR of an RF receive coil depends on the diameter of the RF shield at ultra-high magnetic field (UHF) strengths (≥7T). Results Our simulations showed that there is an SNR-optimal RF shield size at UHF strength, whereas at low field the SNR monotonically increases with the shield diameter. For a 32-channel head coil at 10.5T, an optimally sized RF shield could act as a cylindrical waveguide and increase the SNR in the brain by 27% compared to moving the shield as far as possible from the coil. Our results also showed that a separate transmit array between the RF shield and the receive array could considerably reduce SNR even if they are decoupled. Conclusion At sufficiently high magnetic field strength, the design of local RF coils should be optimized together with the design of the RF shield to benefit from both near field and resonant modes.
Vascular apoE4 Impairs Brain Cognition by Modulating Glio-Vascular Functions

The e4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compared to the common e3 allele. Because APOE4 is also associated with an increased risk for several vascular conditions including small vessel disease and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), apoE4 effects on cerebrovasculature might be a converging pathway impacting brain homeostasis. As apoE is abundantly expressed in multiple brain cell types including astrocytes, microglia, and vascular mural cells (VMCs), defining the in vivo effect of apoE4 expressed by individual cell types is critical for addressing its pathogenic mechanism. Here, using conditional mouse models, we show that VMC-specific apoE4 expression impairs cognition and glio-vascular functions. Expression of either apoE3 or apoE4 in VMCs was sufficient to rescue the hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis phenotypes seen in the Apoe-knockout mice. Intriguingly, vascular specific expression of apoE4, but not apoE3, led to decreased arteriole blood flow, impaired spatial learning, and increased anxiety-like phenotypes. Single cell RNA sequencing of vascular and glial cells isolated from these mice revealed that conditional expression of apoE4 in VMCs was associated with astrocyte activation while expression of apoE3 in VMCs was associated with angiogenic signatures in pericytes. Together, our data support cell-autonomous effects of vascular apoE on multiple brain homeostatic processes in an isoform-dependent manner, suggesting a critical contribution of vascular apoE in the pathogenesis of AD and VCI.
Telling Students it’s O.K. to Fail, but Showing Them it Isn’t: Dissonant Paradigms of Failure in Higher Education

Educators increasingly extol failure as a necessary component of learning and growth. However, students frequently experience failure as a source of fear and anxiety that impedes risk-taking and experimentation. This essay examines the dissonance between these generative and stigmatized paradigms of failure, and it offers ideas for better negotiating this dissonance. After conceptualizing the two paradigms, I examine various factors that reinforce failure’s stigmatization. I emphasize precarious meritocracy, a neoliberal ethos driven by hypercompetitive individualism that makes success a zero-sum game, and that causes especially significant harms on students who are already socially stigmatized. Efforts to ameliorate paradigm dissonance tend to focus on changing student dispositions or lowering the stakes of failure. I instead propose wise interventions that include analyzing the systemic roots of stigmatized failure and making failure a more communal experience. I then briefly address the systemic transformations necessary to cultivate generative failure more broadly.
Traumatic brain injury risk assessment with smart technology

Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) continue to burden our warfighters. The high-tech industry has delivered wearable Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) head-impact sensors to monitor impact ...
Characterization of a Commercial Plasma Source with Application to Plasma Etching

Since the early 1970s, the use of plasma etching has become standard in the development of substrates for microelectronics. Recently a number of commercial plasma etching systems have been introduced to the market. However, the systems are not commonly used in industry or in academia since their effectiveness has not be adequately verified in the literature. In this poster, we present spectroscopic measurements of the plasma produced by a commercial plasma etching system in an effort to start this verification process.
Fracture and Fragmentation in British Romanticism: A blue chasm: Wordsworth's The Prelude and the figure of parenthesis

These kirkmen have done Scotland harm – they have banished puns and laughing and kissing (except in cases where the very danger and crime must make it very fine and gustful). I shall make a full stop after kissing for after that there should be a better parent-thesis: and go on to remind you of the fate of Burns. In the first chapter of this book I tried to show how an image of fragmentation such as the ‘fragment of a wooden bowl’ in The Ruined Cottage can play a metonymic role in signifying a larger concern with fragmentation in Wordsworth's poetry. The present chapter wants to illustrate how fracture weaves itself into Wordsworth's texts syntactically, namely, by way of a rhetorical and grammatical figure. The analysis will concentrate on the figure of parenthesis. To ensure a clear focus, I will limit the reading of this figure – at once rhetorical and grammatical – to some specific moments in The Prelude . Parenthesis is both a punctuation mark and a rhetorical figure. The syntactical break in a textual structure by means of a parenthetical sign is fundamentally disruptive in its effects. Grammatical treatises of the eighteenth century, which often include a section or chapter on parenthesis, are as insistent on this as today's reference works. Parenthesis, both as a grammatical unit and as a rhetorical move, produces a hiatus and a fracture in thought and language.
The art of communication: strategies to improve patient and information flow

The art of communication involves understanding the needs of the person with whom one is interacting. The radiologist must be an expediter and a consultant. Face-to-face, eyeball-to-eyeball communication is almost always best. Nonverbal communication must be aligned with verbal principles. The radiologist must build trust to have successful communication and fulfill the role of a consultant who adds value to a child's health care. This occurs most easily by increased visibility and face-to-face discussion.
Palladium Coated Copper Nanowires as a Hydrogen Oxidation Electrocatalyst in Base

Palladium (Pd) nanotubes are synthesized by the spontaneous galvanic displacement of copper (Cu) nanowires, forming extended surface nanostructures highly active for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in base. The synthesized catalysts produce specific activities in rotating disk electrode half-cells 20 times greater than Pd nanoparticles and about 80% higher than polycrystalline Pd. Although the surface area of the Pd nanotubes was low compared to conventional catalysts, partial galvanic displacement thrifted the noble metal layer and increased the Pd surface area. The use of Pd coated Cu nanowires resulted in a HOR mass exchange current density 7 times greater than the Pd nanoparticles. The activity of the Pd coated Cu nanowires further nears Pt/C, producing 95% of the mass activity. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any
Gender Equity Issues in Clinical Research

Past research on the health of women has focused primarily on reproductive concerns such as breast cancer, infertility, contraception, menstrual disorders, and menopause. Today, the notion of women's health research includes such diverse areas as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, osteoporosis, mental health and substance abuse, obesity, and diabetes. In effect, the emphasis on women's health has changed from that of diseases which only affect women to include diseases which also affect women. Although the amount of research on women's health has increased since 1970, gender equity issues in clinical research are still in existence. This article describes why changes are occurring in the national research agenda on women's health. Gender differences in health statistics and examples of problem areas in women's health research are presented. Current changes at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Public Health Service (PHS) and potential changes in the United States Food and Drug Administr...
The Western Balkans in world trade: Some implications for Greece

The integration of Albania, Croatia, Bosnia‐Herzegovina, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the world trading system has been retarded by regional conflict. But recent progress in stabilization and democratization has been accompanied by closer ties with the European Union, membership for some countries in the World Trade Organization and increasing trade links within the region. The Greek economy has benefited significantly from these developments and stands to gain even more in the future; but much remains to be done in accelerating market‐orientated reforms and in strengthening these countries’ trade‐related institutions and infrastructure, for which external assistance is needed.
The effect of surface roughness on Auger electron spectroscopy

Abstract The influence of surface roughness on Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) has been investigated by measuring the Auger electron signals from gold films on smooth glass and rough ceramic substrates. The displacement with respect to a defined mean surface level (MSL) of the gold surface on a ceramic substrate was measured by a stylus technique and the surface displacements and surface slopes were shown to be Gaussian distributed. The RMS displacement was 0.28 μm and the RMS slope was 0.38 (φRMS = 21°). For a sample oriented with its normal parallel to the analyzer axis (CMA or RFA), this surface roughness decreased the detected intensity by ≈10% for normally incident electrons and ≈40% for 20° incident (70° off the analyzer axis) electrons. For the sample oriented with its normal 60° off the analyzer axis, surface roughness decreased the signal ≈20% for either primary beam orientation. A model for the effect of surface roughness on the Auger electron intensities was developed and model calculations exhibited the proper trends with respect to sample and primary beam orientation for smooth and rough surfaces. The intensities calculated for rough surfaces were generally higher than those observed experimentally. The data demonstrate that roughness affects quantitative AES analysis both when absolute intensities are used and when relative intensities are used. The influence of surface roughness on AES has been investigated by comparing the intensity of detected Auger electrons signals from gold films deposited on smooth glass and rough ceramic substrates. The surface roughness was characterized by a stylus technique, by scanning electron microscopy, and by surface replicas examined in a transmission electron microscope. The surface displacement and surface slopes were shown to be Gaussian distributed with an RMS displacement of 0.28 μm and slope of 0.38 (φRMS = 21°). The effect of surface roughness was calculated by assuming the Auger process could be separated empirically into excitation, E(φ), and detection, D(φ), processes. The relative AE intensities were calculated by integrating E(φ) and D(φ) multiplied by the surface slope distribution, P(φ), over all possible surface slopes. The calculated data showed the proper trends for the effect of varying the primary beam orientation and the sample orientation for the smooth and rough substrates, but the calculated values tended to be ≈10–20% higher than the experimental data for rough surfaces. For the mean surface level (MSL) normal parallel to the analyzer axis, the present surface roughness decreased the AES signal ≈10% for normally incident and ≈40% for 20° incident (70° off the analyzer axis) primary electrons. For the MSL normal oriented 60° off axis, the surface roughness decreased the AES signal ≈20% for both orientations of primary electrons. The effects of surface roughness on quantitative AES are discussed and it is concluded that roughness does affect quantitative analyses regardless of whether that analysis uses absolute peak magnitudes or uses relative (ratio) peak magnitudes.
TimeVM: a framework for online intrusion mitigation and fast recovery using multi-time-lag traffic replay

Network intrusions become a signification threat to network servers and its availability. A simple intrusion can suspend the organization's network services and can lead to a financial disaster. In this paper, we propose a framework called TimeVM to mitigate, or even eliminate, the infection of a network intrusion on-line as fast as possible. The framework is based on the virtual machine technology and traffic-replay-based recovery. TimeVM gives the illusion of "time machine". TimeVM logs only the network traffic to a server and replays the logged traffic to multiple "shadow" virtual machines (Shadow VM) after different time delays (time lags). Consequently, each Shadow VM will represent the server at different time in history. When attack/infection is detected, TimeVM enables navigating through the traffic history (logs), picking uninfected Shadow VM, removing the attack traffic, and then fast-replaying the entire traffic history to this Shadow VM. As a result, a typical up-to-date uninfected version of the original system can be constructed.The paper shows the implementation details for TimeVM. It also addresses many practical challenges related to how to configure and deploy TimeVM in a system in order to minimize the recovery time. We present analytical framework and extensive evaluation to validate our approach in different environments.
Correlation between Microstructures and Oxidation Resistance in Zr-Nb-Ti Alloys

Oxidation behavior of Zr-10Nb-10Ti and Zr-10Nb-20Ti (compositions are in atomic percent) alloys has been investigated in air between 300 °C and 700 °C. Higher Ti content in the alloy enhances the oxidation resistance. The calculated isotherms by PANDAT[1,2] show that 20Ti enters a three-phase (αZr-hcp, βNb-bcc, and βZr-bcc) region at 500 °C, while 10Ti alloy continues to be a two-phase (αZr and βNb) alloy until 550 °C and then enters the three-phase (αZr, βNb, and βZr) region. Both alloys have a single-phase βZr solid solution at 700 °C, which is detrimental for the oxidation resistance. The βNb phase greatly contributes to the oxidation resistance in these two alloys. The common oxidation products have been identified as TiO2, ZrO2, and Nb2O5. Both alloys suffer from pest oxidation at temperatures between 500 °C and 550 °C, respectively (20Ti and 10Ti), up to 700 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates strong peaks for monoclinic structure of ZrO2 at temperatures above 600 °C.