cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Indirect wetland drainage in association with Federal highway projects in the Prairie Pothole Region

Wetland losses associated with Federal-aid-interstate, primary, and secondary highways were documented in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota in the Spring of 1986. Data on indirect wetland loss were collected using a fixed-wing aircraft and were stratified by state, physiographic region, and type of highway. We recorded 734 wetland basins totaling 574.3 ha being drained via open ditches or subsurface tiles into rights-of-way along 3,503 km of roadway. Total estimated loss in the tristate area was at least 11,243 ha along 56,737 km of roadway constructed using Federal monies. No differences (P<0.05) in drainage rates (ha per km of roadway) were detected when states, physiographic regions, or roadway types were compared. No differences (P<0.05) were found between newly reconstructed and existing older roadways. Recommendations as a result of this study include the assessment and documentation of potentially illegal drains into the rights-of-way of Federal aid highways to enforce current wetland protection efforts. Another recommendation calls for the establishment of a “highway-impact-area” in which a zone of wetland loss could be delineated and monitored. This information can potentially be used for mitigation efforts and for a more informed approach to the planning process of future Federal-aid highway projects.
Characterization of the Zinc Binding Site in Methionine Synthase Enzymes of Escherichia coli: The Role of Zinc in the Methylation of Homocysteine

X-ray absorption spectroscopy, using the analytical methodology described in the previous paper, has been used to determine the ligation of the essential zinc ions in cobalamin-dependent (MetH) and cobalamin-independent (MetE) methionine synthases from Escherichia coli and to probe directly the changes in zinc ligation that occur upon addition of the thiol substrate, homocysteine, to each enzyme. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra of native MetE and a truncated fragment of MetH containing the substrate-binding sites are consistent with ZnS2(N/O)2 and ZnS3(N/O) ligation, respectively. Previous mutagenesis studies of the homocysteine binding region of MetH had identified two putative thiolate zinc ligands, Cys310 and Cys311. Since the EXAFS spectra indicate that the zinc is coordinated to three sulfur ligands derived from the protein, a third conserved cysteine, Cys247, was mutated to alanine, resulting in a MetH fragment that binds only 0.09 equiv of zinc per mol of protein and exhibi...
When China rules the world: the end of the Western world and the birth of a new global order

In this second edition of his sweeping and highly readable global bestseller, British scholar Martin Jacques – Senior Visiting Fellow in London at IDEAS (LSE) and Visiting Professor in Beijing at T...
Research in Pediatric Hospital Medicine: How Research Will Impact Clinical Care

Hospitalist medicine has enjoyed a period of rapid growth over the past 10 years and research within this domain is no exception. This article will describe the initial research conducted within the world of pediatric hospital medicine, what the future of research will hold and how this will impact the clinical practice of hospitalists who care for children. This is a review of pertinent literature that represents key progress within the emerging field of pediatric hospital medicine. Research within pediatric hospital medicine has progressed from initial studies defining the emerging field and single-center studies to widely expanding national research networks which aim to prioritize the research needs of the field and use data from multiple centers to enrich the body of evidence that guides clinical practice. The field of pediatric hospital medicine has grown rapidly over the past decade and has an exciting trajectory of ongoing growth and research.
Micro-determination of serum phosphate and phospholipids

Abstract A simple, sensitive and accurate micro procedure for the determination of serum phosphorus, phospholipid or phosphatase activity has been described. The several facets of the investigation included order of reagents, stability of the chromogen formed, linearity of spectrophotometric response, recoveries and precision. A novel feature of the method includes the use of citrate and arsenite as stabilizers for the phosphomolybdate reduced by ascorbic acid. The color formed is stable for 24 hours. A procedure for the destruction of organic matter has been included which is simpler to carry out than sulfuric acid-peroxide destructions and which leaves a residue whose acidity presents no problem in the final formation of color.
Template synthesis of porous titania using cellulose nanocrystals

Abstract Porous titania with anatase structure has been prepared by a template process with cellulose nanocrystal (CNXL). Air-stable titanium(IV) bis(ammonium lactate)dihydroxide (Tyzor-LA) solution forms Tyzor-LA–CNXL composite upon adding CNXL colloids through interaction between Tyzor-LA and hydroxyl groups of CNXL. The Tyzor-LA–CNXL composite shows rod-like structures of 150–200 nm in length and 5–10 nm in diameter. After calcination at 500 °C in air the composite showed anatase with porous structures and 170–200 m2/g specific surface area. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), FT-IR, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were employed to characterize the morphologies and porous structures of the as-prepared and calcined composite materials.
Bordering on Bosnia

This paper begins by first giving a critique of the conflict in Bosnia from a geographical and cartographic perspective; and in particular how plans to address and solve the crisis have revolved around the cartographic delineation of territory. This is in effect a process of ‘bordering’ on Bosnia. What are the consequences of using maps to partition multi-ethnic states by constructing regions of ethnic dominance? What alternative territorial divisions might be available which are more sensitive to local use of resources? Second, the paper examines the details of the Dayton plan and argues that it is just the latest of a series of plans for Bosnia which defeat the ideal of pluralism. When the ideal of pluralism is dead, then the necessity of living together dies also. What results is not a desired Bosnia, but a divided Bosnia; one only ‘bordering’ on Bosnia in a kind of quasi- or unreal state. Throughout the paper the focus is on the role that maps have played in the conflict, how they have been contested and how they have been used to support the various interests of the parties involved.
Monochrome iages: an approach to choosing fuzzy distributions

Abstract This study was motivated by a desire to better understand monochrome images using a fuzzy set approach. Computed data and curves are presented for four fuzzy distributions. These new results show how the choice of a fuzzy distribution affects the computed available information content in monochrome images.
Sequential decision fusion: theory and applications

Abstract A decision fusion problem is considered in which each one of a set of sensors receives a sequence of observations about the state of the system. The observations are quantized at each time step and sent to the fusion center where a binary decision is to be made at a stopping time. Applications of this problem setting are discussed and techniques for finding optimal solutions are presented.
Detection and Characterization of the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance-Silent Glutathionyl-5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolineN-Oxide Adduct Derived from Redox Cycling of Phenoxyl Radicals in Model Systems and HL-60 Cells

Abstract The antioxidant function of glutathione includes enzymatic reduction of hydrogen peroxide by glutathione peroxidase and nonenzymatic reduction of organic radicals and reactive oxygen species. The glutathionylS-centered radical, formed by the nonenzymatic reduction process, is a marker of oxidative reactions proceeding by radical mechanisms. Spin-adducts of glutathionyl radicals with the spin trap DMPO, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolineN-oxide, are not sufficiently stable and can be detected only under steady-state conditions. We developed a novel HPLC method for the detection of an EPR-silent DMPO adduct of glutathionyl radicals in model systems and in cells. We synthesized a sufficient quantity of the adduct for characterization by UV spectrophotometry, ionspray mass spectrometry, and1H NMR spectroscopy. The UV absorption λmaxof the adduct, 258 nm, was indicative of a 2-(S-alkylthiyl)pyrrolineN-oxide chromophore. The molecular mass of the adduct was 418 amu. No signal for the C2proton of the DMPO-derived portion of the adduct was evident in its1H NMR spectrum. The results were consistent with the structure 2-(S-glutathionyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolineN-oxide (GS-DMPO nitrone). We showed that this adduct accumulated in the course of peroxidase-dependent redox cycling of phenol in the presence of glutathione and DMPO as well as in HL-60 cells exposed to a phenol/H2O2/DMPO reaction mixture. The EPR-silent GS-DMPO nitrone was readily assayed by HPLC under conditions incompatible with the detection of the GS-DMPO nitroxide by EPR. This is to our knowledge the first direct experimental evidence for the redox cycling of phenol in this bone marrow-derived cell line. The method may prove useful in the study of radical-driven oxidations of glutathione in various pathophysiological processes associated with radical mechanisms.
Excitation of multiple surface-plasmon-polariton waves using a compound surface-relief grating

Pennsylvania State University, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics,Nanoengineered Metamaterials Group (NanoMM), University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6812akhlesh@psu.eduAbstract. Theexcitationofmultiplesurface-plasmon-polaritonwaves,allofthesamefrequencybut different polarization states, phase speeds, spatial profiles and degrees of localization, by acompound surface-relief grating formed by a metal and a rugate filter, both of finite thickness,was studied using the rigorous coupled-wave approach. Each period of the compound surface-relief grating was chosen to have an integral number of periods of two different simple surface-relief gratings. The excitation of different SPP waves was inferred from the absorptance peaksthatwereindependentofthethicknessoftherugatefilter.TheexcitationofeachSPPwavecouldbe attributed to either a simple surface-relief grating present in the compound surface-relief grat-ing or to the compound surface-relief grating itself. However, the excitation of SPP waves wasfound to be less efficient with the compound surface-relief grating than with a simple surface-relief grating.
Laparo-endoscopic single site retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy: a novel concept

Purpose Various treatment options are available for small incidentally detected kidney masses, including surveillance, partial nephrectomy and probe ablative therapies. When partial nephrectomy is considered, the procedure can be safely approached laparoscopically, either pure or robot assisted, in experienced hands. Laparo-endoscopic single site (LESS) surgery is a novel approach for partial nephrectomies in well selected cases. In this video, we present our experience with the LESS retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy using the Gelpoint device. Material and methods A 63 year old male patient with a BMI of 31, and a history of a T1c prostate cancer, had a 1.5 cm right posterior lower pole renal enhancing mass discovered incidentally on a three phase CT scan. With the patient under general anesthesia, and in a full flank position, a LESS retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy was performed using a 3 cm transverse incision below the tip of the 12th rib. The following instruments and devices were used: A gelpoint device for single incision port of entry, one 10 mm and two 5 mm trocars used through the gelpoint, one 5 mm Olympus HD endoeye flexible tip camera, one roticulator scissors, and one articulating graspers. Results Operative time, EBL, and hospital stay were 1 hour, 5 ml, and 23 hours, respectively. The pathology result confirmed a benign hemorrhagic cystic mass. The visual analog scale (0-10) for pain at recovery, 6 hours post op, and 23 hours post op was 5, 3, and 1 point, respectively. The patient tolerated clear liquids and regular diet at 6 and 16 hours, after the procedure. At one month of follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic and practically scarless. Conclusions LESS retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy is safe and feasible in selected cases such as small exophytic posterior renal masses. The retroperitoneal approach avoids mobilization of the colon and kidney to access the posterior surface. Instrument clashing, limited range of motion, and CO2 leakage, can be some difficulties encountered during single port retroperitoneal surgery. However, the Gelpoint device gives a great seal in the flank position and allows the relocation of trocars, without loss of CO2 pressure, to prevent instrument clashing during different parts of the procedure.
Tapping to a Very Slow Beat: A Comparison of Musicians and Nonmusicians

WHEN NONMUSICIANS TAP with isochronous auditory tone sequences, the taps typically precede the tone onsets. However, when the tone inter-onset interval (IOI) is increased beyond 2 s, an increasing proportion of taps follows the tone onsets by 150 ms or more. Such responses indicate reactions rather than anticipations, and they have been interpreted as reflecting a rate limit of synchronization related to a temporal limit of auditory working memory. In the present study, musicians and nonmusicians were asked to synchronize their taps with sequences whose IOIs ranged from 1000 to 3500 ms. Nonmusicians showed much larger anticipation errors and higher variability but actually fewer reactive responses than musicians. No clear landmarks of a rate limit for synchronization were observed.
Effect of Sinoaortic Deafferentation on Renal Wrap Hypertension

Abstract —The purpose of this study was to determine whether sinoaortic deafferentation (SAD) alters the severity of hypertension or sympathoadrenal contribution to mean blood pressure (MAP) during renal wrap hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters for 24-hour recording of MAP and heart rate. All rats underwent either SAD or sham SAD (Intact) surgery and were allowed to recover for 10 to 14 days. The rats were then assigned to a normotensive (Sham) group or a hypertensive (Wrap) group in which 1-kidney figure-8 renal wrap was performed. SAD increased the acute MAP response to renal wrap (Intact-Sham=5±1 mm Hg, Intact-Wrap=45±3 mm Hg, SAD-Sham=3±3 mm Hg, SAD-Wrap=58±4 mm Hg) and increased the lability of MAP (SD of MAP; Intact-Sham=3.8±0.2, Intact-Wrap=4.2±0.3, SAD-Sham=9.6±1.4, SAD-Wrap=9.7±1.4). MAP was not different between SAD and Intact rats during 4 weeks after renal wrap or sham surgery; however, induction of hypertension produced additional MAP variability that was independent of SAD (Intact-Sham=4.6±0.4, Intact-Wrap=6.2±0.6, SAD-Sham=6.3±0.5, SAD-Wrap=10.8±1.5). In a separate group of rats, the sympathoadrenal contribution to MAP was assessed by the depressor response to ganglionic blockade and plasma norepinephrine at rest and after neuronal uptake inhibition with desipramine. The depressor response to ganglionic blockade was significantly increased by renal wrap and by SAD (Intact-Sham=−49±2 mm Hg, Intact-Wrap=−73±4 mm Hg, SAD-Sham=−77±5 mm Hg, SAD-Wrap=−96±6 mm Hg). In the 3 groups with enhanced ganglionic blockade responses, desipramine caused a significant increase in plasma norepinephrine. These results indicate that SAD does not alter the development of renal wrap hypertension but does increase the sympathoadrenal contribution to MAP in both normotensive and hypertensive animals.
“Hating the Sin but not the Sinner”: A Study About Heterosexism and Religious Experiences Among Black Men

This article explored the religious experiences of nine Black men who are married (to a woman) and have sex with men (BMMSM). These men do not refer to themselves as men on the down low but self-identify as heterosexual. Using data collected in 2005 in South Carolina, the authors examined the complex relationship of homosexuality and the Black Church. Specifically, they examined the notion of coping with same-sex behavior, concealment, and its impact on BMMSM. Findings from the thematic analysis suggest that men found ways to manage their religious traditions and same-sex behaviors. This research presents an opportunity to locate and access a hidden population. The authors found a pervasive experience of growing up in social and family environments that expose them to heterosexism.
Design issues in power electronic building block (PEBB) system integration

The Power Electronic Building Block (PEBB) concept is to develop a general purpose power controller capable of performing numerous electrical conversion functions simply through software reconfiguration. It is also intended to facilitate greater modularity in power electronic systems. However, realization of PEBB systems is a non-trivial endeavor because of electromagnetic interference, thermal management, packaging, and technological barriers. In this paper, we present these barriers along with some solutions.
SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors and circuits toward terahertz communication applications

The relatively less exploited terahertz band possesses great potential for a variety of important applications, including communication applications that would benefit from the enormous bandwidth within the terahertz spectrum. This paper overviews an approach toward terahertz applications based on SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology, focusing on broad-band communication applications. The design, characteristics, and reliability of SiGe HBTs exhibiting record f/sub T/ of 375 GHz and associated f/sub max/ of 210 GHz are presented. The impact of device optimization on noise characteristics is described for both low-frequency and broad-band noise. Circuit implementations of SiGe technologies are demonstrated with selected circuit blocks for broad-band communication systems, including a 3.9-ps emitter coupled logic ring oscillator, a 100-GHz frequency divider, 40-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator, and a 70-Gb/s 4:1 multiplexer. With no visible limitation for further enhancement of device speed at hand, the march toward terahertz band with Si-based technology will continue for the foreseeable future.
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Worm Gears

Worm gears are commonly used in windshield wipers and power windows of automobiles. The goal of this work is to study several material problems, such as production bottlenecks and excessive scrap, resulting from the production of steel worm shafts. A possible solution is explored in this work by characterizing material properties of a promising candidate (glass reinforced acetal copolymer) that can replace steel in worm gears. Finite element analysis of the worm thread under static loading and constant temperature is performed in order to calculate the size of the new composite part. The results obtained in this work support the possibility of manufacturing composite worm shafts that could operate at elevated temperatures without sacrificing part performance, while reducing part weight leading to improved fuel economy, noise reduction, and manufacturing problems associated with the steel part. The finite element analysis shows that compared to a steel gear, the axial pitch of a composite worm gear must be...
Tapper: a lightweight scripting engine for highly constrained wireless sensor nodes

Tapper is a lightweight scripting engine for highly constrained wireless sensor nodes. Many such nodes run on 8-bit microcontrollers (MCUs) with only a few kilobytes of on-chip memory, often with segmented memory and unorthogonal registers that make it difficult to perform even the most basic tasks. To facilitate development of software routines and enable dynamic reconfigurability, Tapper provides a software layer that can interpret human readable commands either interactively or in batch. It can invoke compiled routines ranging from timer and interrupt configurations and task scheduling to accessing I/O devices. Experiments on platforms including 8051, ATMega 169V, and Freescale MC9S12NE64 with built-in Ethernet show that the Tapper setup has the same modular, dynamic benefits as middleware systems but without the high overhead in code size and data memory.
Ectoparasites of commensal rodents in Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia, with notes on species of medical importance

. Ectoparasite records are presented for four species of commensal murid rodents (Rattus rattus palelae Miller & Hollister, R.argentiventer (Robinson & Kloss), R.exulans (Peale) and Mus musculus castaneus Waterhouse) in Sulawesi Utara, with particular reference to the potential for these arthropods to bite and transmit pathogens to humans. The flea, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild), was most common on R.r.palelae and is capable of transmitting plague and other pathogens to humans although no current foci for these diseases are known in Sulawesi. Hoplopleura pacifica Ewing and Polyplax spinulosa (Burmeister) sucking lice parasitized all three Rattus species although H.pacifica was mainly associated with R.exulans and P.spinulosa with R.r.palelae. These lice do not bite humans but may be intramurid vectors of murine typhus and other zoonoses. The mites Laelaps echidnina Berlese and L.nuttalli Hirst were both collected; the latter was recorded from all four murid species, mainly R.exulans. The mite Ornithonyssus bacoti Hirst was rare. Only one chigger mite, Walchiella oudemansi (Walch), was retrieved from murids (from R.exulans) and a single Leptotrombidium deliense (Walch) chigger was taken from a human subject. Although L.deliense is a significant vector of scrub typhus, a disease known from Sulawesi, the L.deliense– R.argentiventer relationship frequently noted in the ecology of this rickettsial disease, was not evident in this survey. Other ectoparasites collected from murids were the ticks, Ixodes granulatus Supino (first record for Sulawesi), Haemaphysalis sp. and Dermacentor sp., the mites Myocoptes musculinus (Koch) and Listrophoroides cucullatus (Trouessart), acarids and a uropodid. Additional ectoparasites noted on humans were the tick Amblyoma babirussae (Schulze), the scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei L. and the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer.
Quantitative Imaging of Protein Secretions from Single Cells in Real Time

Protein secretions from individual cells create spatially and temporally varying concentration profiles in the extracellular environment, which guide a wide range of biological processes such as wound healing and angiogenesis. Fluorescent and colorimetric probes for the detection of single cell secretions have time resolutions that range from hours to days, and as a result, little is known about how individual cells may alter their protein secretion rates on the timescale of minutes or seconds. Here, we present a label-free technique based upon nanoplasmonic imaging, which enabled the measurement of individual cell secretions in real time. When applied to the detection of antibody secretions from single hybridoma cells, the enhanced time resolution revealed two modes of secretion: one in which the cell secreted continuously and another in which antibodies were released in concentrated bursts that coincided with minute-long morphological contractions of the cell. From the continuous secretion measurements we determined the local concentration of antibodies at the sensing array closest to the cell and from the bursts we estimated the diffusion constant of the secreted antibodies through the extracellular media. The design also incorporates transmitted light and fluorescence microscopy capabilities for monitoring cellular morphological changes and intracellular fluorescent labels. We anticipate that this technique can be adapted as a general tool for the quantitative study of paracrine signaling in both adherent and nonadherent cell lines.
Asymptomatic embolized HELEX® PFO closure device: Catheter based retrieval and value of routine echocardiography the following day

A 29 year-old male with a history of recurrent embolic stroke and patent foramen ovale (PFO) presented for elective percutaneous closure. The PFO size was 10 mm diameter when measured with a sizing balloon inflated within the defect. A 25-mm HELEX® septal occluder device (WL Gore Assoc. Inc., Flagstaff, AZ) was deployed successfully using intracardiac echo and fluoroscopy to guide the procedure. The patient was observed in the hospital overnight and was stable. However, a routine transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) performed prior to discharge showed that the closure device had migrated into the right atrium and was attached to the tricuspid valve leaflet (Fig. 1A and B). Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) confirmed these findings (Fig. 1C, Video 1). There was no significant tricuspid valvular dysfunction demonstrated by TTE or TEE. The patient remained hemodynamically stable without symptoms. He was taken again to the catheterization laboratory, and the device location was confirmed on fluoroscopy (Fig. 2A). A 14 Fr long sheath was introduced through the right common femoral vein and advanced to the junction of the inferior vena cava and right atrium. An 8F intracardiac ultrasound catheter was advanced to the right atrium from the contralateral
Asymptomatic hematuria and proteinuria in children: Causes and appropriate diagnostic studies

SINCE THE ADVENT of simple dipstick methods for the detection of urinary abnormalities, children with blood in their urine without other symptoms or signs of disease have been encountered with increasing frequency. Proteinuria without other evidence of disease is also not uncommon. A recent study 1 indicates that the incidence of hematuria in school girls, ages 6 to 12 years, is 340/ 100,000 and in school boys, 120/100,000. Proteinuria in girls has an incidence about three times that Of hematuria; in boys it is about one-third of that of hematuria. The observations of that study also indicated that many of the children who have only hematuria or 0nly proteinuria do not have serious disease. On the other hand, when these urinary abnormalit ies are encountered it is important that diagnostic steps be instituted to determine their cause. This communicat ion is concerned with causes of hematuria and of proteinuria in children who are otherwise
The impact of the Great Recession and the housing crisis on the financing of America's largest cities

Abstract The housing crisis and the recession have placed tremendous fiscal pressure on the nation's central cities. Cuts in state government fiscal assistance to their local governments, plus shrinking property tax bases are challenging the ability of local governments to continue their current levels of public services. In this paper, we use data on the financing of the nation's largest central cities from 1997 to 2008 to forecast the impact of the recession and the housing crisis on central city expenditures between 2009 and 2013. Because expenditure responsibilities vary among city governments and because overlying governments play different roles, we develop the concept of constructed governments in order to allow us to compare the revenue-raising and spending policies of large central cities. We predict that real per capita spending in the average central city will be reduced by about seven percent during the forecast period, and that spending cuts will be substantially greater in cities hit hardest by the economic recession and the housing market collapse.
Gender symmetry and mutuality in perpetration of clinical-level partner violence: Empirical evidence and implications for prevention and treatment

article i nfo This paper addresses the contradiction between the conceptualization of partner violence as almost exclusively perpetrated by men and over 200 studies with data on both men and women which found "gender symmetry," i.e., that about the same percentage of women as men physically assault a partner. Both Straus (1990) and Johnson (1995) suggested that the contradiction can be resolved by taking a "dual population" approach. Straus argued that "ordinary" violence, such as slapping, shoving, and throwing things at a partner, is prevalent in the general population and is symmetrical; whereas "severe" violence such as choking, punching, and attacks with objects are rare in the general population but common in clinical populations and are male-predominant. Similarly, Johnson (1995) argued that "situational violence" is prevalent in the general population and symmetrical, whereas "intimate terrorism" is rare and is perpetrated almost exclusively by men. However, a review of 91 empirical comparisons found that symmetry and mutual violence perpetration is typical of relationships involving severe and injurious assaults and agency intervention, and of "intimate terrorists" as measured by Johnson's criteria. The discussion of these results suggests that much of the controversy arises because those who assert gender symmetry do so on the basis of perpetration rates, whereas those who deny gender symmetry do so on the basis of the effects of victimization, i.e. the greater harm experienced by women. Thus, the "different population" explanations of the controversy need to be replaced by a "perpetration versus effects" explanation. When prevention of perpetration is the focus, the predominance of symmetry and mutuality suggests that prevention could be enhanced by addressing programs to girls and women as well as boys and men. When offender treatment is the focus, the results suggest that effectiveness could be enhanced by changing treatment programs to address assaults by both partners when applicable.
Prospective study of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension– and Mediterranean-style dietary patterns and age-related cognitive change: the Cache County Study on Memory, Health and Aging

Background: Healthy dietary patterns may protect against age-related cognitive decline, but results of studies have been inconsistent. Objective: We examined associations between Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)– and Mediterranean-style dietary patterns and age-related cognitive change in a prospective, population-based study. Design: Participants included 3831 men and women $65 y of age who were residents of Cache County, UT, in 1995. Cognitive function was assessed by using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) #4 times over 11 y. Diet-adherence scores were computed by summing across the energy-adjusted rank-order of individual food and nutrient components and categorizing participants into quintiles of the distribution of the diet accordance score. Mixed-effects repeated-measures models were used to examine 3MS scores over time across increasing quintiles of dietary accordance scores and individual food components that comprised each score. Results: The range of rank-order DASH and Mediterranean diet scores was 1661–25,596 and 2407–26,947, respectively. Higher DASH and Mediterranean diet scores were associated with higher average 3MS scores. People in quintile 5 of DASH averaged 0.97 points higher than those in quintile 1 (P = 0.001). The corresponding difference for Mediterranean quintiles was 0.94 (P = 0.001). These differences were consistent over 11 y. Higher intakes of whole grains and nuts and legumes were also associated with higher average 3MS scores [mean quintile 5 compared with 1 differences: 1.19 (P , 0.001), 1.22 (P , 0.001), respectively]. Conclusions: Higher levels of accordance with both the DASH and Mediterranean dietary patterns were associated with consistently higher levels of cognitive function in elderly men and women over an 11-y period. Whole grains and nuts and legumes were positively associated with higher cognitive functions and may be core neuroprotective foods common to various healthy plant-centered diets around the globe. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;98:1263–71.
The Effects of Values on Worries Associated With Acute Disaster: A Naturally Occurring Quasi‐Experiment1

On April 12, 1995, a bomb exploded in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, destroying a federal office building, killing 168 people, and upending American notions of safety and security in the heartland. Using data collected before, immediately after, and 1 year after the bombing from 3 samples living within 25 miles of the explosion in a naturally occurring quasi-experiment, research examined effects of values on people's worries in the context of a macrolevel traumatic event. High self-transcendence and conservation values correlated with higher macro-worries immediately after vs. before the explosion, but these worries were lower 1 year later. Findings indicate that values emphasizing broader social perspectives were associated with higher macrolevel worries, while values emphasizing one's own life and welfare were not.
Differential gene expression in the amnion, chorion, and trophoblast of the human placenta

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), and pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) are three major proteins produced by the trophoblast of the human placenta. Immunocytochemical studies suggest that PSG and hCG are also present in the human amnion. In this study, we examined whether amniotic and chorionic membranes were capable of expressing trophoblastic-specific genes. As previously reported, trophoblasts express high levels of hCG beta, hCG alpha, PLAP, and PSG. Both amnion and chorion were found to express PLAP and hCG beta mRNA. However, the hCG alpha transcript was expressed only by the amnion, but not by the chorion in the term placenta. Recent molecular cloning studies indicate that human PSGs are a group of closely related placental proteins that, together with the carcinoembryonic antigen family members, comprise a subfamily within the immunoglobulin superfamily. To demonstrate that amnion and chorion also express PSG transcripts, we employed ribonuclease protection analysis using probes specific to the 5' and 3' region of PSG mRNAs. Our data indicate that while amniotic as well as chorionic membrane expressed low levels of the PSG genes, only a certain subpopulation of PSG transcripts were expressed. Furthermore, the amnion and chorion demonstrated differences in PSG species expression from each other and from trophoblastic tissue. Thus, human amnion, chorion and trophoblast selectively express several placental genes.
LRRC26 Is a Functional BK Channel Auxiliary γ Subunit in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells

Rationale: Smooth muscle cell (myocyte) large-conductance calcium (Ca)2+-activated potassium (BK) channels are functionally significant modulators of arterial contractility. Arterial myocytes express both pore-forming BKα and auxiliary β1 subunits, which increase channel Ca2+ sensitivity. Recently, several leucine-rich repeat containing (LRRC) proteins have been identified as auxiliary γ subunits that elevate the voltage sensitivity of recombinant and prostate adenocarcinoma BK channels. LRRC expression and physiological functions in native cell types are unclear. Objective: Investigate the expression and physiological functions of leucine-rich repeat containing protein 26 (LRRC26) in arterial myocytes. Methods and Results: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting detected LRRC26 mRNA and protein in cerebral artery myocytes. Biotinylation, immunofluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy, and coimmunoprecipitation indicated that LRRC26 was located in close spatial proximity to, and associated with, plasma membrane BKα subunits. LRRC26 knockdown (RNAi) reduced total and surface LRRC26, but did not alter BKα or β1, proteins in arteries. LRRC26 knockdown did not alter Ca2+ sparks but reduced BK channel voltage sensitivity, which decreased channel apparent Ca2+ sensitivity and transient BK current frequency and amplitude in myocytes. LRRC26 knockdown also increased myogenic tone over a range (40–100 mm Hg) of intravascular pressures, and reduced vasoconstriction to iberiotoxin and vasodilation to NS1619, BK channel inhibitors and activators, respectively. In contrast, LRRC26 knockdown did not alter depolarization (60 mmol/L K+)–induced vasoconstriction. Conclusions: LRRC26 is expressed, associates with BKα subunits, and elevates channel voltage- and apparent Ca2+ sensitivity in arterial myocytes to induce vasodilation. This study indicates that arterial myocytes express a functional BK channel γ subunit. # Novelty and Significance {#article-title-40}
Sustainable Case Study: University Of Pittsburgh Medical Center

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) mission is to provide outstanding patient care and to shape tomorrow’s health system through clinical innovation, biomedical, and health services research, and education. By operating their health system by this mission, UPMC is the leading health provider in Pittsburgh. Their vision is to create a new economic future for western Pennsylvania. They want to build a new perspective of the way people think about health care by creating new avenues in the health care field.
Effects of Total Surface Area and Fabric Density on the Acoustical Behavior of Needlepunched Nonwoven Fabrics

Nonwoven fabrics are ideal materials for use as acoustical insulation products because they have high total surface. The surface area of the fabric is directly related to the denier and cross-sectional shape of the fibers in the fabric. Smaller deniers yield more fibers per unit weight of the material, higher total fiber surface area and greater possibilities for a sound wave to interact with the fibers in the structure. Another important parameter is the packing density of the fibers in the nonwoven material. More fibers per unit volume at the same fabric thickness yield greater possibilities for sound waves to interact with the fibers. Fabric density also affects the geometry and the volume of the voids in the fabric structure. Acoustical properties of fabric materials are measured by one of two methods: the impedance tube method (ASTM C 384-98) and the acoustical chamber method. The impedance tube method uses very small test samples. Large reverberation rooms and large test samples are used for the aco...
Effect of selection, mutation, and linkage on the equilibrium structure of selfing systems

One-, two- and three-locus models of selection and mutation in completely self-fertilizing populations are examined. Equilibrium frequencies can be determined for these systems. Numerical analyses indicate that random genetic drift attributable to selfing plays a major role in determining equilibrium frequencies, even when strong directional selection is operating. Linkage has no effect on marginal gene frequencies or single-locus heterozygosity at equilibrium. The only model of those examined which leads to linkage disequilibrium is disruptive selection. In that model, selection reinforced the effect of selfing in favoring the homozygous genotypes.
The permissive role of glucocorticoids on interleukin-1 stimulation of angiotensinogen gene transcription is mediated by an interaction between inducible enhancers.

Abstract The acute-phase activation of the rat angiotensinogen (rAT) gene in liver cells is a transcriptional event mediated through an interleukin-1-inducible, NF kappa B-binding, cis-acting element (the acute-phase response element [APRE]). Using a cell culture model for the acute-phase response, we showed that the increase in angiotensionogen mRNA in H35 rat hepatoma cells requires costimulation with glucocorticoids and cytokines. Stably transfected rAT promoter-luciferase reporter genes were also activated by cytokines only in the presence of glucocorticoids. This permissive role of glucocorticoids is dependent on the expression of functional glucocorticoid receptors, because in HepG2 cells naturally deficient in such receptors, rAT gene-luciferase reporter constructs responded to interleukin-1 only when cotransfected with an expression vector for the glucocorticoid receptor. Point mutations in the two rAT gene glucocorticoid response elements located adjacent to the APRE led to loss of interleukin-1 inducibility. Induction of luciferase activity in transfected cells occurred even in the presence of cycloheximide, demonstrating that this synergistic response did not depend on new protein synthesis. Thus, a direct interaction between the interleukin-1-inducible NF kappa B-binding APRE and glucocorticoid response elements, located in cis, underlies the acute-phase activation of the rAT gene.
Hormone-refractory prostate cancer in the Lobund-Wistar rat.

Research on cancer prevention and therapy must focus on the refractory disease, the fatal end-stage of cancer that develops in patients with organ-related solid tumors. Refractory cancers develop spontaneously in advanced-stage tumors or in relapsed cases after failed therapy. Because neither prevention nor therapy is currently feasible, refractory cancer is a major impediment to survival. There is a great need for an animal model of prostate cancer (PC), one that develops cancer from initial premalignant to the terminal refractory stages. We describe here a model of hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) that develops spontaneously through two stages by endogenous mechanisms in the Lobund-Wistar (LW) rat. The early premalignant, testosterone (T)-dependent stage is promoted by high levels of endogenous T, and up to age 12 months is reversible by T deprivation; without this intervention, the tumorigenic process progresses to the refractory stage, which is highly aggressive and does not respond to T depr...
Finite Element Analysis of Drill Loader Machine's Telescopic Arm Based on ANSYS

To drill loader machine's telescopic arm as the object of study, The three-dimensional model of telescopic arm was drilled by inventor 2011, and the contact stress and modal analysis were analysed by ANSYS 13.0, the structure's stress, deformation and modal frequency were got. It can be verified by analyzing the stress state, the strength of the structure to meet the requirements. Form the result of telescopic arm's modal analysis, found the telescopic arm's first natural frequency was low to closed the external excitation frequency, and possible happen resonance in working process. So it is necessary to optimize the structure, enhance the inherent frequency, in order to improve its stiffness.
Research of Mine-used Service System of Dispatching and Communication Based on Soft Switch Platform and Its Implementation

In view of special requirements of dispatching functions of voice communication in coal mine underground,the paper analyzed soft switch technique for VoIP communication,proposed an implementing method of mine-used dispatching and communication service in soft switch platform,and introduced a design scheme of mineused service system of dispatching and communication based on soft switch platform by use of FreeSWITCH.The system provides dispatching and communication services such as calling,monitoring,interjecting,contesting calling,forcedly demolishing calling,group calling,listening only,listening and speaking,adding/deleting provisional members,setting/canceling chairman,recording and so on with high expansibility,and can select hardwares of server according to number of users underground.The testing result verified validity of the system,which provides a practical scheme for dispatching and communication service platform in coal mine underground.
Applying Mathematic Analysis to Optimize Supply Chain Business

It is presented that how to apply mathematic analysis to optimize supply chain business such as forecasting planning and manufacturing etc.
Viral Etiology Analysis of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Kunming Area

Objective To understand the viral etiology of acute respiratory infection in Kunming area.Methods We collected the nasopharyngeal swab of patients with acute respiratory tract infection,and used multiple reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) method to detect 15 kinds of respiratory viral pathogens.Results Among the 600 samples,144 strains of viruses were detected, the positive rate was 24%,among which the highest positive rate was RSV(49/600,8.2%),followed by PIV(32/600,5.3%) HRV(27/600,4.5%)and IFV27(27/600,4.5%). The respiratory virus infection situation was different in every age group, groups of the highest virus positive rate was ≤1 age group(72/216,33.3%);The respiratory virus infection situation in different seasons was different, the virus positive rate of the first quarter was the highest(85/144, 59%).Conclusion RSV was the main virus pathogen of acute respiratory tract infections in Kunming area in 2011 years,the detection rate in sick children was the highest among all patients; the detection rate in the first quarter was higher than other quarters.
Protein Kinase C Phosphorylation of a γ-Protocadherin C-terminal Lipid Binding Domain Regulates Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibition and Dendrite Arborization

The γ-protocadherins (γ-Pcdhs) are a family of 22 adhesion molecules with multiple critical developmental functions, including the proper formation of dendritic arbors by forebrain neurons. The γ-Pcdhs bind to and inhibit focal adhesion kinase (FAK) via a constant C-terminal cytoplasmic domain shared by all 22 proteins. In cortical neurons lacking the γ-Pcdhs, aberrantly high activity of FAK and of PKC disrupts dendrite arborization. Little is known, however, about how γ-Pcdh function is regulated by other factors. Here we show that PKC phosphorylates a serine residue situated within a phospholipid binding motif at the shared γ-Pcdh C terminus. Western blots using a novel phospho-specific antibody against this site suggest that a portion of γ-Pcdh proteins is phosphorylated in the cortex in vivo. We find that PKC phosphorylation disrupts both phospholipid binding and the γ-Pcdh inhibition of (but not binding to) FAK. Introduction of a non-phosphorylatable (S922A) γ-Pcdh construct into wild-type cortical neurons significantly increases dendrite arborization. This same S922A construct can also rescue dendrite arborization defects in γ-Pcdh null neurons cell autonomously. Consistent with these data, introduction of a phosphomimetic (S/D) γ-Pcdh construct or treatment with a PKC activator reduces dendrite arborization in wild-type cortical neurons. Together, these data identify a novel mechanism through which γ-Pcdh control of a signaling pathway important for dendrite arborization is regulated.
Foreign Aid and Trade Capacity Development Recent Evidence from Uganda

Endemic supply side constraints including fluctuating output levels, deficient trade infrastructure, rampant non-tariff barriers and incapacity to ensure international quality standards continue to thwart the gainful participation of many Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in an increasingly liberal global trade environment. At its 2005 Hong Kong Ministerial Conference, the World Trade Organization launched its Aid for Trade (AFT) initiative aimed at coordinating global financial support for strengthening trade capacity in Least Developed Countries (LDCs). This paper examined the effect of foreign aid, particularly Official Development Assistance, on Uganda’s external trade and its AFT component in strengthening the country’s trade capacity. Using time series Error Correction Modelling and the World Bank’s World Development Indicators and official national statistics, the paper finds small but positive aid influence on Uganda’s exports and imports and generally close alignment between aid and national priorities. However, given general aid volatility but more especially following the anti-homosexuality legislation and gross corruption allegations in the case of Uganda, the paper advises that external aid be treated as a supplement rather than a substitute for domestic financial resource mobilization in trade capacity development.
Review: increased physical activity and combined dietary changes reduce mortality in coronary artery disease.

Source Citation Iestra JA, Kromhout D, van der Schouw YT, et al. Effect size estimates of lifestyle and dietary changes on all-cause mortality in coronary artery disease patients: a systematic revi...