cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of patellofemoral instability

Abstract Malalignment and tracking abnormalities of the patellofemoral joint are common causes of anterior knee pain,which are often difficult to evaluate clinically. Conventional radiography, as well as the cross-sectional imaging modalities of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful tools for both detecting and quantifying these abnormalities. Acute transient dislocation of the patella, on the other hand, is a relatively uncommon injury accounting for only 2% to 3% of all acute injuries of the knee, and can also be a difficult diagnosis to establish on the basis of history and physical findings alone. MRI is a sensitive, noninvasive method for detecting prior acute transient dislocation of the patella. This article begins by describing the role of CT and MRI as it pertains to the detection of abnormal patellofemoral tracking. Both static and dynamic techniques are described along with the standard criteria used to establish and quantify patellofemoral malalignment abnormalities. Next, the constellation of MRI findings most commonly encountered after acute transient dislocation of the patella are described. These findings include a typical bone bruise pattern involving the anterolateral aspect of the lateral femoral condyle and inferomedial patella, hemarthrosis, and injury to the medial soft-tissue restraints (especially the medial patellofemoral ligament). After transient dislocation of the patella, patients with significant osteochondral injury or disruption of the medial soft-tissue restraints may benefit from surgical repair. The role of MRI in preoperative planning is discussed as it relates to the detection of osteochondral injuries as well as injury to the medial soft-tissue restraints.
Automatic rule generation for machine printed character recognition using multiple neural networks

A set of neural networks is used in a two-stage character recognition system to resolve the confusion among similar characters. A snowball training algorithm is proposed to remedy the convergence problem encountered by backpropagation training. The algorithm is shown to be effective in reducing the number of hidden units and the training time. To further improve the network's generalization capability, a smoothing operation is incorporated into the snowball training. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the approach. >
Frequency Conversion Materials From A Device Perspective

The optimization of nonlinear optical devices such as frequency doublers is discussed. A nonlinear material will convert efficiently if the laser brightness (P/Q2, where P is the peak power, and Q is the number of times diffraction-limited the pulse is) exceeds a material parameter called the threshold power. The conversion efficiency is shown to be independent of the beam aperture. Thus surmounting optical damage requires only that the beam aperture be large enough. Data on the threshold powers of common nonlinear materials is presented.
Framing Gender: Political Rhetoric, Gender Schemas, and Public Opinion on U.S. Health Care Reform

Although gender plays an enormous role in structuring personal relationships, society, politics, and culture, we know relatively little about when people's gender ideologies will influence their opinions on issues that do not trade directly on matters of gender. This article presents a theory of “group implication,” which defines the conditions under which elite political discourse can lead citizens to perceive and evaluate issues in terms of their gender schemas—their cognitive representations of gender beliefs. I apply this framework to an analysis of the 1993–94 U.S. health care reform effort, and demonstrate how elite frames structured the issue in a way consistent with the gender schema. This structuring was subtle and symbolic, and served to associate people's gender ideology with their thinking about health care reform. The article concludes with consideration of the implication of these findings for our understanding of the political impact of gendered rhetoric, and for our conceptual understanding of the relationship between gender and public opinion.
Multimedia data hiding and authentication via halftoning and coordinate projection

We present image data hiding and authentication schemes based on halftoning and coordinate projection. The proposed data hiding scheme can embed images of the same size and similar bit depth into the cover image and robustness against compression is demonstrated. The image authentication scheme is based on the data hiding scheme and can detect, localize, and repair the tampered area of the image. Furthermore, the self-repairing feature of the authentication scheme has a hologram-like quality; any portion of the image can be used to reconstruct the entire image, with a greater quality of reconstruction as the portion size increases.
Mixed H2/L1 fixed-architecture controller design for multi-input/single-output systems

In this paper we develop a mixed-norm H 2 /L 1 controller synthesis framework via fixed-order dynamic compensation for multi-input/single-output systems. For flexibility in controller synthesis, we adopt the approach of fixed-structure controller design which allows consideration of arbitrary controller structures, including order, internal structure, and decentralization. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the fixed-structure mixed-norm H 2 /L 1 controller synthesis approach. ( 1999 The Franklin Institute. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Reliability Impact of N-Modular Redundancy in QCA

Nanoelectronic systems are extremely likely to demonstrate high defect and fault rates. As a result, defect and/or fault tolerance may be necessary at several levels throughout the system. Methods for improving defect tolerance, in order to prevent faults, at the component level for quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA)1 have been studied. However, methods and results considering fault tolerance in QCA have received less attention. In this paper, we present an analysis of how QCA system reliability may be impacted by using various N-modular redundancy (NMR) schemes. Our results demonstrate that using NMR in QCA can improve reliability in some cases, but can harm reliability in others.
Benefiting from AIDS in Contemporary Nigeria.

The Nigerian weekly news magazine Tell ran a cover story in July 2004 reporting on the country’s lucrative AIDS industry, entitled “Feeding Fat on AIDS.” The article connected one of the Nigeria’s biggest health problems with one of its most significant—and certainly its most notorious—political problems: corruption. The central link between AIDS and corruption identified in the story was the proliferation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Since the 1990s, I have frequently heard a joke told by Nigerians claiming that for recent graduates of secondary school and university, one of the only viable options for surviving in the country’s troubled economic circumstances was to start an NGO. The joke served as a critique of NGOs and corruption, but also as a cynical acknowledgement that, for the most part, only those who participate in corruption do well in Nigerian society. The fact that NGO efforts to address AIDS were now tainted with accusations of widespread corruption only further solidified the popular perception that Nigeria faces an alarming social and moral crisis. But much as Nigerians are angry about corruption and suspicious of the motives and operations of local NGOs and the international donors and federal and state government institutions that fund them, practices of corruption unfold in a complicated social context where people often participate in the very activities they condemn. Further, while denunciation of corruption in the abstract is almost universal among ordinary Nigerians, the dynamics that produce corruption, the behaviors that are labeled as corrupt, and the processes that determine who gets branded negatively for their corruption are embedded in complex social webs and intersecting moral economies. The realities that underlie corruption make simplistic judgments superficial and easy explanations inadequate. In this article, I use an example of one Nigerian AIDS NGO and its regional director to illustrate local practices of corruption and the kinds of circumstances that produce (relative) acceptance or ridicule. An analysis of this case reveals not only why so many Nigerian AIDS NGOs have become embroiled in accusations of corruption, but also how we can better understand local responses to corruption that, paradoxically, both push against corruption and allow it to flourish. I focus on an AIDS NGO, not because corruption is peculiar to organizations that aim—or purport—to address the epidemic, but because these NGOs are so common in the wake of the many hundreds of millions of dollars spent to combat the disease, and because corruption in an endeavor ostensibly geared toward alleviating suffering and death makes the contradictions all the more poignant.
The Advocacy Coalition Framework and Implementation of the Endangered Species Act: A Case Study in Western Water Politics

Theories about subsystem activity typically focus on policy formulation processes. One causal model of public policymaking, the advocacy coalition framework, offers a potentially useful way to bridge the gap between policy formulation and implementation in examining subsystem activity. The purpose of this paper is to assess the analytical utility of the advocacy coalition framework by examining the stability of policy-producing coalitions over time in the face of implementation complexities. An analysis of the policy changes that occurred during the implementation of the Endangered Species Act vis-a-vis planning for the construction of the Bureau of Reclamation's Animas-La Plata water project is conducted. The analysis reveals how coalitions protect their policy core beliefs during technical disputes through the acquiescence of secondary aspects of belief systems.
Factors Associated with Time Since Last HIV Test Among Persons at High Risk for HIV Infection, National Survey of Family Growth, 2006-2010.

Abstract The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends annual HIV screening for persons at high risk for HIV infection. We assessed the testing history and factors associated with recent testing (tested in the last 12 months) among persons at high risk for HIV infection. We analyzed 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth data and classified respondents aged 15–44 who reported a sexual or drug-use risk behavior in the past year as ‘high-risk’. Logistic regression models estimated prevalence ratios assessing the association between demographic and health-related factors and having been recently tested for HIV compared with never been tested. Among high-risk men, 29.3% had recently tested for HIV, 30.7% tested more than 12 months ago, and 40.0% had never been tested. Among high-risk women, 38.0% had recently tested, 36.9% tested more than 12 months ago, and 26.1% had never been tested. Compared with men who were aged 15–19, white, heterosexual, and had not recently visited a doctor, men...
Chronic Expanding Hematoma of the Calf

A case of a chronic, expanding hematoma of the calf in a man twenty-two years old is reported. A pathophysiological mechanism similar to that of an expanding, chronic subdural hematoma is postulated.
Volume regression of native polycystic kidneys after renal transplantation

BACKGROUND The natural course of native kidneys after renal transplantation (RT) or dialysis in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) remains poorly understood. METHODS We measured the total volumes of native kidneys and liver in 78 and 68 ADPKD patients, respectively, who had pre-transplant (within 2 years) and at least one post-transplant computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); in 40 patients with at least two post-transplant but no pre-transplant CT/MRIs; in 9 patients on chronic hemodialysis with at least one CT/MRI before and after beginning dialysis; and in 5 patients who had no image before and more than one image after dialysis. The last imaging was used in patients with multiple studies. RESULTS Mean total kidney volume (TKV) ( ± SD) prior to transplantation was 3187 ± 1779 mL in the 78 patients who had imaging before and after transplantation and decreased by 20.2, 28.6, 38.3 and 45.8% after 0.5-1 (mean 0.7), 1-3 (1.8), 3-10 (5.7) and >10 (12.6) years, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, time on dialysis prior to RT and time from baseline to transplantation were negatively associated with reduction in TKV, whereas estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after transplantation and time from transplantation were positively associated with percent reduction in TKV. In the 40 patients with imaging only after transplantation, TKV decreased by 3.2 ± 16.3% between 7.2 ± 6.0 and 11.2 ± 6.8 years after transplantation (P < 0.001). TKV was 11.2 ± 35.6% higher (P = NS) after a follow-up of 3.4 ± 2.0 years in the 9 patients with imaging before and after initiation of hemodialysis and 3.4 ± 40.2% lower (P = NS) in the 5 patients with imaging between 2.0 ± 2.1 and 3.5 ± 3.6 years after initiation of hemodialysis. In the 68 patients with liver measurements, volume increased by 5.8 ± 17.9% between baseline and follow-up at 3.7 ± 3.8 years after transplantation (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS TKV of native polycystic kidneys decreases substantially after RT. The reduction occurs mainly during the early post-transplantation period and more slowly thereafter.
Measurements of Temporal Correlation Between Pump Noise and Modelocked Laser Noise

Using direct time domain techniques, we show that the instantaneous amplitude noise of a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser is correlated with the fluctuations of its pump laser. A two-dimensional joint probability histogram reveals the correlation.
Brain Targeting of anti-HIV Nucleosides: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation of 6-chloro-2′,3′-dideoxypurine, a Lipophilic Prodrug of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine:

Summary Lipophilic 6-haI0-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides may be useful prodrugs for the targeting of 2',3'-dideoxy­ inosine (ddl) to the central nervous system. The pur­ pose of this study was to evaluate the potential effec­ tiveness of 6-chloro-2',3'-dideoxypurine (6-CI-ddP) for the targeting of ddl to the brain. In vitro studies indicated that the adenosine deaminase-mediated biotransformation of 6-CI-ddP to ddl was more rapid in mouse brain homogenate than in mouse serum. The brain distribution of 6-CI-ddP and ddl was assessed in vivo in mice following intravenous and oral administration of the prodrug or parent drug. Brain concentrations of ddl were similar after intra­ venous administration of 6-CI-ddP or ddl. However, after oral administration of the 6-CI-ddP prodrug, sig­ nificantly greater concentrations of ddl were seen in the brain compared to those found after oral adminis­ tration of ddl. The brain:serum AUC ratio (expressed as a percentage) of ddl after intravenous administra­ tion of 50 mg kg- 1 ofthe active nucleoside was 3%. Following oral administration of 250 mg kg- 1 ddl, low concentrations of ddl were detected in the brain. Brain:serum AUC ratios following intravenous and oral administration of the prod rug 6-CI·ddP were 19-25%. Thus, brain:serum AUC ratios were 6- to 8­ fold higher after prodrug administration than those obtained after administration of the parent nucleo­ side. Oral administration of 6-CI-ddP yielded concen
Influence of occupational stress on immune function in migrant workers

Objective To discuss the influence of occupational stress on immune function in migrant workers. Methods The sampled 644 migrant workers(study group) and 322 registered local residential workers (control group) in Shenzhen city were measured with occupational stress inventory revised edition (OSI-R).Then 120 migrant workers and 82 registered resident workers were selected randomly from two groups,and immune function was measured.Results The scores of ORQ and PSQ in migrant workers group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.01).The scores of PRQ in control group were significantly higher than that of the migrant workers group (P0.01).Lymphocyte T%,IgG in migrant workers group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.01).There was negative correlation between occupational role,stress response and IgG.There was negative correlation between stress response and Lymphocyte T%,however,there was positive correlation between personal resources and IgG,Lymphocyte T% (P0.05).Conclusion Occupational stress might have certain influence on the immune function in migrant workers.
Strategic Behavior, Mixed Strategies, and the Defects of the Nash Equilibrium

My objections to the use of the Nash equilibrium can be summed up under two headings: that the simplification necessary for model building in this case eliminates certain essential aspects of the real world; and that, with mixed strategies, the whole Nash equilibrium literature raises logical issues similar to the paradox of the liar.
Autoregressive model for individual consumption data - Sparsity recovery and significance test

Understanding consumer flexibility and behavior patterns is becoming increasingly vital to the design of robust and efficient energy saving programs. Accurate prediction of consumption is a key part to this understanding. Existing prediction methods usually have high relative errors that can be larger than 30%. In this paper, we explore sparsity in users' past data and relationship between different users to increase prediction accuracy. We show that using LASSO and Granger Causality techniques, prediction accuracy can be significantly improved in comparison to existing algorithms. We use mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) as the criteria.
Julia Pastrana, the “extraordinary lady”

Abstract Julia Pastrana was a Mexican woman whose “extraordinary” appearance led to her being displayed throughout Europe and America, first as a freak, then as a specimen. Recently, she was reburied in her birthplace. This essay considers the ways that Pastrana's display both reinforces and challenges the lines between the self and other, human and non-human, ordinary and extraordinary that such spectacles rely upon. It further suggests how discursive systems, such as race, gender, normativity, and humanness intertwine in the social practices that constitute them. By analyzing how Pastrana's display and recent repatriation and burial in Sinaloa invest her body with different meanings, this essay traces more complexly the processes that socially mark human bodies in order to reveal and explicate the inner workings of representational systems, such as race, gender, ethnicity, and disability.
Personal Space Measurement: A Validational Comparison

The study was designed to intercorrelate three classes of personal space measures: a naturalistic measure in which persons did not know personal space was being measured; two role-played measures in which participants approached or were approached by a stimulus person; and the Comfortable Interpersonal Distance Scale (CID), a series of four paper and pencil measures of personal space. Results showed significant correlations within each class of measurement but negligible correlations between classes. The lack of overlap in assessment techniques calls into question the validity of measures other than those obtained naturalistically.
Taking research with its roots: restructuring schools in the Brazilian landless workers' movement upon the principles of a political ecology of education

How does education mediate the relationship between the co-production of environmental knowledge, and the social reproduction of an alternative society? This article draws upon a political ecology of education framework to analyze how schools advance alternative land management strategies and forms of environmental knowledge. Schools catering to grassroots movements can actualize their emancipatory objectives by institutionalizing hybridized conceptions of educational space-time. This article focuses on a vocational high school in a settlement of the Brazilian Landless Workers' Movement. It analyzes a document known as a 'political pedagogical project' (PPP) which details the identity of the school and how it sees itself as a tool for social and environmental justice. Through an analysis of this PPP, my article explores how the school seeks to educate students to critically reflect upon the relationships between political economic processes and landscape change. The PPP also encourages students to be active participants in the development of a regional agroecological science, and cooperative material relations. From a political ecology of education perspective, activist schools are important sites for the coproduction of environmental knowledge and material relations. They have the potential to help students learn critically about the linkages between power, political economy, and land management.
ClusterPicker-II: Massively scalable transmission clustering using phylogenetic trees

Background: The ability to infer transmission clusters from molecular data is critical to designing and evaluating viral control strategies. Viral sequencing datasets are growing rapidly, but standard methods of transmission cluster inference do not scale well beyond thousands of sequences. Results: I present ClusterPicker-II, a cross-platform tool that performs transmission cluster inference on a given phylogenetic tree orders of magnitude faster than existing inference methods and supports multiple clustering optimization functions. Conclusions: ClusterPicker-II is a freely-available cross-platform open source Python 3 tool for inferring transmission clusters from phylogenetic trees. Code, usage information, and in-depth descriptions of the implemented clustering modes are available publicly at the following repository: https://github.com/niemasd/ClusterPickerII.
Operational constraints on the mental rotation of STEM representations.

Spatial ability predicts success in STEM (Science, Technology, Education, and Mathematics) fields, particularly chemistry. This paper reports two studies investigating the unique contribution of mental rotation ability to spatial thinking in a STEM discipline. Using authentic disciplinary tasks from chemistry, we show that the difficulty of a spatial disciplinary task varies with the spatial complexity of the stimulus and the axis of rotation regardless of the representation used in the task. We also show that spatial thinking may depend more upon students’ developing representational competence in this STEM discipline than spatial ability. These findings suggest that curriculum and assessment designers must more carefully consider how different representations are used in the STEM classroom for both learning and evaluation. We argue that educational interventions that target representational competence may be more effective at supporting spatial thinking in STEM than those that attempt to train generic spatial ability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Implementation of an ACT Curriculum on an Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatric Unit: A Quality Improvement Project

Pediatric psychiatric inpatient treatment serves an important function for youth in crisis or with serious emotional disorders. Fundamental to an inpatient unit’s program are the groups and activities scheduled throughout the day which help organize the patients’ time and also provide therapeutic socialization, creative and educational experiences. Evidence-based mental health interventions are available for child/adolescent treatment but there are few instances of their application in pediatric inpatient treatment. An interdisciplinary project team employed the quality improvement cycle to implement a series of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) groups. To implement the largely staff-led groups the planning team developed group protocols and educational/development sessions with staff. The improvement was gauged by changes in parent/patient knowledge and satisfaction with group programming and changes on the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y); a measure which taps into psychological flexibility. Data collected over the course of a year indicated patient and parent knowledge of ACT principles increased as did their satisfaction with the group programming. Unit level data from three periods of collection indicate increases in adolescent’s time spent in groups, adoption of ACT language, improvement in AFQ-Y scores and increased parental knowledge of the unit’s treatment approach. The project demonstrates that it is possible to implement an evidence-based intervention and create a positive impact during brief inpatient treatment.
Distortion Generation with Source Resistance and Nonlinear Beta

For a basic MOS stage, whether ‘single-ended’ or differential, the input resistance at low frequencies is extremely large because of the insulated- gate structure of the device. Therefore, the presence of a finite resistance of a signal source has no effect on the performance of the stage. Only at very high frequencies is there an interaction between the signal source and the input capacitance.
MACE: model-inference-assisted concolic exploration for protocol and vulnerability discovery

Programstate-space exploration is central to software security, testing, and verification. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for state-space exploration of software that maintains an ongoing interaction with its environment. Our technique uses a combination of symbolic and concrete execution to build an abstract model of the analyzed application, in the form of a finite-state automaton, and uses the model to guide further state-space exploration. Through exploration, MACE further refines the abstract model. Using the abstract model as a scaffold, our technique wields more control over the search process. In particular: (1) shifting search to different parts of the search-space becomes easier, resulting in higher code coverage, and (2) the search is less likely to get stuck in small local state-subspaces (e.g., loops) irrelevant to the application's interaction with the environment. Preliminary experimental results show significant increases in the code coverage and exploration depth. Further, our approach found a number of new deep vulnerabilities.
Precision and Reliability of Neocortical Spike Trains in the Behaving Monkey

How reliably do action potentials in cortical neurons encode information about a visual stimulus? Most physiological studies do not weigh the occurrences of particular action potentials as significant but treat them only as reflections of average neuronal excitation. Using data from a previous study by Newsome et al. (1989), we report that single neurons recorded from cortical area MT in the behaving monkey show a markedly reproducible temporal modulation that is precise to a few milliseconds. This temporal modulation is stimulus dependent, being present for highly dynamic random dot motion but absent when all dots translate rigidly.
Technology, Corporate Mobility, and a Decline in Urban Services

Technological changes have produced a postindustrial economy which has both facilitated and encouraged the flight of capital and well-to-do people from the older industrial cities. Left in their wake are increasing levels of unemployment, poverty, and crime. Service needs have Increased accordingly, but at a time when these cities have not only smaller tax bases but also less electoral clout with which to acquire additional financial assistance at the state and federal levels. In a nearly futile attempt to reestablish a healthy degree of private investment in their cities, municipal governments let service levels decline and focus on spurring capital accumulation.
Pediatric Loss-of-Control Eating and Anxiety in Relation to Components of Metabolic Syndrome.

Objective Pediatric loss-of-control (LOC) eating is associated with, and predictive of, gains in adiposity and adverse metabolic outcomes. In addition, some preliminary data suggest that anxiety may exacerbate the relationship of LOC eating with weight and metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related measures. We therefore examined whether anxiety moderated the relationship between LOC eating and body mass index z (BMIz), adiposity, and MetS-related measures in youth. Methods A convenience sample of non-treatment-seeking boys and girls of varying weight strata were interviewed to determine the presence of LOC eating and completed a questionnaire assessing trait anxiety. BMIz and MetS-related measures (blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and insulin) were measured after an overnight fast. Adiposity was assessed by air displacement plethysmography or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, race, height, fat mass, and depressive symptoms, as appropriate. Results In all, 379 youths (13.0 ± 2.8 years; 53% female; BMIz = 0.8 ± 1.1; 22% with LOC eating) were studied. Anxiety was not significantly related to BMIz, adiposity, or MetS-related measures. However, anxiety and LOC eating interacted such that only among youth with LOC eating, anxiety was positively associated with fasting insulin (p = .02) and insulin resistance (p = .01). The interaction of anxiety and LOC eating was not significantly related to BMIz, adiposity, or any other MetS-related measure (ps = ns). Conclusions Only among non-treatment-seeking youth with LOC eating, anxiety may be associated with increased insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings and explore mechanisms for these relationships.
Forged in failure: engagement patterns for successful students repeating calculus

Although there is extensive research on attrition in gatekeeper courses and students’ cognition about calculus concepts, there is one population in introductory calculus that remains understudied: those who failed their initial course and chose to repeat it rather than change majors. These students can provide insight into overcoming poor mathematics affect and major persistence. This case study follows eight students repeating calculus from their second try at undergraduate calculus until they graduated or left the university; six graduated with either a mathematics major or mathematics minor. While participants identified several reasons for their success in the repeated course (processing their initial failure, having a better instructor in the repeated course, and participating regularly in the formative assessments), only participation in formative assessment led to the long-term cognitive and behavioral engagement required for long-term success.
Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Autoimmune Hepatitis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Nearly one-third of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have abnormal liver tests, which can be indicative of underlying hepatic disease. Primary sclerosing cholangitis has a clear association with ulcerative colitis, but other autoimmune disorders such as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) have also been associated with IBD. AIH may also occur in the setting of an overlap syndrome or in the setting of medications, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors. Importantly, some studies have shown that IBD patients with AIH fail treatment more frequently than IBD patients without AIH. This review will focus on the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of autoimmune hepatitis in inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Reaching the Tipping Point: Identification of Thresholds at which Visceral Adipose Tissue May Steeply Increase in Youth.

Background: Epidemiologic observations have raised hypotheses regarding increased potato consumption as a correlate of weight gain, adiposity and diabetes risk, while nut consumption has been associated with weight control and metabolic health Furthermore, human diets are complex with phytochemicals potentially impacting the digestion and absorption of macro-and micronutrients We asked whether increased daily consumption of potatoes influences energy balance relative to almonds Methods: A randomized, controlled trial (30-day) of adult humans (n=180) prescribed daily, calorie-matched (300 kcal/day, n=60 subjects/group) consumption of either 1) almonds, 2) white potato French fries, or 3) white potato French fries with spices selected for alpha-glucosidase inhibitory properties Subjects were measured at baseline and completion (30-days) for primary (body fat measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, DXA) and secondary outcomes (body weight and markers of carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance) Results: A total of n=180 subjects were randomized to treatment groups, with sex (67 78% female), age (mean±SD, 30 35±8 74 years), BMI (26 11±4 15 kg/m2) and weight (75 56±15 44 kg) at baseline There were n=12 dropouts and n=3 terminations due to COVID19 follow-up limitations Change (completion minus baseline) in total fat mass by DXA was not significantly different among groups (mean (95% CI);Almonds: 214 88g (-5 15,434 92);Potatoes: 18 55g (-207 40,244 51);Potatoes+Spice mix: 231 05g (-1 33,463 43);p=0 347), nor change in fasting glucose (p=0 413), insulin (p=0 301) or HbA1c (p=0 234) Change in body weight was significantly different among groups (p=0 013;Almonds: 0 46kg (0 09,0 84);Potatoes: -0 26kg (-0 65,0 13);Potatoes+Spice mix: 0 45kg (0 06,0 85) Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the primary outcome of body fat change with 30 days of consumption of potatoes versus almonds
The role of startle fluctuation and non-response startle reflex in tracking amygdala dynamics

The startle reflex is considered a sensitive defensive reaction to potential threats that manifests as a unique eye blink-like pattern in the EMG. Eye blink EMG has a bell-shaped potential when startle probes are elicited, that strongly corresponds to amygdala activity. Considering how amygdala activity fluctuates over time in response to emotional and self-threatening stimuli, observing startle eyeblink size fluctuation over time could provide a cost-effective, convenient, and less resource intensive means for examining amygdala activity over time. Yet based on current standards in the literature, often startle evoked eye blink EMG values do not exhibit activity 3SDs from the mean eyeblink response, thus these trials are typically excluded from startle analyses. It stands to reason, however, that these trials may still index amygdala activity in a meaningful way. Through investigating the association between startle eyeblink amplitude, corresponding ERP amplitude, and underlying neural activity, the current study provides evidence that startle amplitudes exhibit a linear relationship with proxies for amygdala activity, e.g., N100 amplitudes and regions heavily interconnected with the amygdala. Specifically, the startle reflex correlates to large amount of brain regions in N100 time window in addition to the N100 amplitude. Thus, both valid and otherwise traditionally non-valid startle reflex responses appear to index amygdala activity and should be included accordingly. This approach could help salvage large amounts of meaningful data traditionally excluded from studies interested in amygdala responses to various stimuli over time.
Candidates for p-type doping of ZnGeN2

Various candidates for p-type doping in ZnGeN 2 are considered and computationally studied using first-principles calculations. First, a brief update is made on our previous work about self-doping by deviations from stoichiometry, in the form of Zn Ge, and Ga doping, Ga Ge. Both of these are hindered by competing donors in the form of Ge Zn and Ga Zn. We also consider Al instead of Ga doping. Cu would form an acceptor on both Zn and Ge sites. We determine the site-preference and consider also interstitial Cu i. We find that Cu Zn, which is the preferred site, has a too deep level in the gap above the valence band maximum to be a useful p-type dopant. For C, we consider the C N acceptor as well as competing sites, inert C Ge, and the C i donor. We find that C i forms a split-interstitial configuration and C Ge is energetically close to C N, but the main conclusion is that the latter has a deep acceptor level unsuitable for p-type doping. Finally, we consider alkali metal doping. The Li Ga defect is found to have the most favorable acceptor level position among the defects studied here, but it will suffer from possible compensation by Li i. Na and K are found to give deeper levels.
Non-operative Treatments for Patellofemoral Arthritis

Anterior knee pain, also known as patellofemoral pain (PFP), affects approximately 22% of the general population, with increased prevalence in the adolescent community, as high as 28% [1]. It is twice as common among females (29.2%) than males (15.5%) [1]. The predominant demographics for PFP includes adolescents, young active adults, military recruits, and elite athletes particularly runners, cyclists, and basketball players [2–5].
Stress-Induced Performance Shifts in Flexible System-in-Foils Using Ultra-Thin Chips

Silicon-based ultra-thin chips (UTCs) are used to build flexible system-in-foils (SiFs) for bio-sensing and bio-monitoring, and utilize CMOS devices that deliver much higher performance than alternatives such as organic or thin-film transistors. Flexible SiFs experience significant mechanical stress in the field due to the deformation caused during daily use. These impact circuit performance, potentially causing a loss in functionality. This paper first models the stress due to two types of packages schemes for UTCs. Next, the stress is translated to shifts in mobility and threshold voltage of CMOS devices. Finally, the system-level performance variations of two common SiF elements, an A/D converter and an SRAM, are evaluated.
Increased CD200 expression in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders correlates with an increased frequency of FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells

Abstract CD200 is a membrane protein with immunosuppressive function and is expressed in many hematopoietic neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), plasma cell myeloma (PCM), and B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, but is mostly negative in diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLBCL). CD200 has been shown to be a poor prognostic marker in AML and PCM; in AML, its immunomodulatory effect was linked to its ability to induce FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) arise in the setting of immune dysregulation, and tumor-infiltrating T cells, including Tregs, have been shown to correlate with outcome in these disorders. Because there is no literature data and CD200 is a potentially useful diagnostic and prognostic marker, we studied the expression of CD200 in a series of 38 PTLDs by immunohistochemistry (ICH), and found that 23.7% PTLDs were CD200(+) and showed strong membrane and cytoplasmic positivity in the neoplastic cells. All CD200(+) monomorphic PTLDs were DLBCLs and the median FoxP3(+) Treg count/hpf was higher in CD200(+) than in CD200(−) PTLDs: 22.6 vs. 0.30 (p
A Preliminary Rheological Investigation of Living Physarum Endoplasm

An improved magnetic viscoelastometer has been developed which is applicable to large syncytial systems. In combination with the double chamber method (16) and videomicroscopy (1), characterization of the endoplasm of Physarum polycephalum has been carried out using the parameters — viscosity, elasticity, and yield point — similar to the experiments of Yagi (28) and Hiramoto (14) but with much improved quantitation.
Toward Automated Enforcement of Cyber-Physical Security Requirements for Energy Delivery Systems

The innovation and advances in power delivery and information technologies are bringing unmatched changes to energy delivery systems (EDS), automating the management and administration of mission-critical infrastructures, such as the power grid, the oil, and gas industries. While the benefits of these changes are unparalleled, cyberattacks at EDS are also at unprecedented levels, which may lead to consequences ranging from power outages to homeland security breaches. To securely connect and integrate large quantities of these components, the energy community has proposed roadmaps to update the way to plan and operate EDS. These roadmaps come with security requirements that specify the best practices along with regulations EDS and utility should comply with. However, there is a huge gap between these requirements and the actual enforcement. In this paper, we envision a framework that automates the security requirement enforcement so that natural language policies can be enforced without human intervention and with high confidence.
Performing horizontal to vertical ratio testing in stiff soils in and around Grand Teton National Park

Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) testing was completed at two cross sections in and around GTNP. The HVSR testing produced reliable estimates of the fundamental frequencies for many of the sites tested. The goal of the testing was to determine a depth of soil above competent bedrock. However the fundamental frequencies recorded yielded predicted depths that are much shallower than expected. Also the predicted depths did not increase at greater distance from the Teton Range, which would be expected at these sites. Based on these predictions the authors do not believe the frequencies recorded are a good indication of the depth of the soil above bedrock but instead it is believed that the depths correspond with a layer of softer topsoil/overburden above a stiffer gravel layer. Although the goal of measuring the depth of soil above bedrock was not met, HVSR produced results that may be useful to others for determination of a fundamental frequency of resonance at our testing locations. Featured photo by Anna Cressman, taken from the AMK Ranch photo collection. https://flic.kr/p/2jjWZGT
Recurrence rate of the first nonfebrile seizure in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract Objective Epilepsy prevalence is higher in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and is a contributor to morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the recurrence rate after the first nonfebrile seizure in this population, specifically in regard to seizure type and electroencephalogram (EEG) findings. Methods We reviewed pediatric medical records at our institution between 2006 and 2016 for subjects with ASD who had a first seizure. We then looked for risk of a recurrent non-provoked seizure within the next two years. Results Overall, the recurrence rate in this study was 70.9%. This is much higher than the general population. The recurrence rate was higher in patients who had a generalized convulsion compared to those who had a behavioral arrest. When the first seizure was a generalized convulsion, there was an 84% chance of developing a second convulsion, whereas the recurrence rate was 59% for behavioral arrest type seizures (p = 0.002). The odds of having recurrence when the first seizure is a generalized convulsion was 5.36 higher than when it was a behavioral arrest (95% CI 2.14–13.42, p Significance The recurrence rate for nonfebrile seizures in children with ASD is much higher than the general population, especially for generalized convulsions. An abnormal EEG has a strong predictive value for seizure recurrence. However, even when the EEG is normal, the recurrence rate for generalized convulsions is quite high. This is an important finding as epilepsy contributes to morbidity and mortality in this group and may impact clinical decisions about when to start anti-seizure medications.
Multi-point momentum interpolation correction on collocated meshes

Abstract Since the momentum interpolation method was proposed by Rhie and Chow in 1983, it has been widely used in studies of Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD). The conventional momentum interpolation methods were designed across the edge between two neighboring cells. In this study, an alternative momentum interpolation method, called multi-point momentum interpolation correction (IC) method, is proposed. The proposed IC method is distinguished from the conventional cross-edge momentum interpolation methods by correcting and improving the edge velocity with the interpolated values of its surrounding edges. Examples including analytic, experimental and field cases demonstrated that the proposed IC method is generally capable of improving the convergence process and numerical accuracy.
Identification of Endotypes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Background: Characterization of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) endotypes may help explain variable clinical presentations and response to treatments. While risk factors for COVID-19 have been described, COVID-19 endotypes have not been elucidated. Objectives: We sought to identify and describe COVID-19 endotypes of hospitalized patients. Methods: Consensus clustering (using the ensemble method) of patient age and laboratory values during admission identified endotypes. We analyzed data from 528 patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to telemetry capable beds at Columbia University Irving Medical Center and discharged between March 12 to July 15, 2020. Results: Four unique endotypes were identified and described by laboratory values, demographics, outcomes, and treatments. Endotypes 1 and 2 were comprised of low numbers of intubated patients (1 and 6%) and exhibited low mortality (1 and 6%), whereas endotypes 3 and 4 included high numbers of intubated patients (72 and 85%) with elevated mortality (21 and 43%). Endotypes 2 and 4 had the most comorbidities. Endotype 1 patients had low levels of inflammatory markers (ferritin, IL-6, CRP, LDH), low infectious markers (WBC, procalcitonin), and low degree of coagulopathy (PTT, PT), while endotype 4 had higher levels of those markers. Conclusions: Four unique endotypes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were identified, which segregated patients based on inflammatory markers, infectious markers, evidence of end-organ dysfunction, comorbidities, and outcomes. High comorbidities did not associate with poor outcome endotypes. Further work is needed to validate these endotypes in other cohorts and to study endotype differences to treatment responses.
Ion Entanglement in Quantum Information Processing

Quantum entanglement, in which the physical properties of particles become correlated, is an essential property of quantum information systems. In their Perspective, [Cory and Havel][1] discuss results reported in the same issue by [ Roos et al .][2] and by [ Leibfried et al .][3] in which trapped ions were put into entangled quantum states. The two complementary studies show that substantial progress is being made in quantum information processing and point to practical applications of entangled states. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/304/5676/1456 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/304/5676/1478 [3]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/304/5676/1476
Functional proteins from a random-sequence library

Functional primordial proteins presumably originated from random sequences, but it is not known how frequently functional, or even folded, proteins occur in collections of random sequences. Here we have used in vitro selection of messenger RNA displayed proteins, in which each protein is covalently linked through its carboxy terminus to the 3' end of its encoding mRNA, to sample a large number of distinct random sequences. Starting from a library of 6 x 1012 proteins each containing 80 contiguous random amino acids, we selected functional proteins by enriching for those that bind to ATP. This selection yielded four new ATP-binding proteins that appear to be unrelated to each other or to anything found in the current databases of biological proteins. The frequency of occurrence of functional proteins in random-sequence libraries appears to be similar to that observed for equivalent RNA libraries.