cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trapped in the coordination sphere: nitrate ion transfer driven by the cerium(iii/iv) redox couple.

Redox-driven ion transfer between phases underpins many biological and technological processes, including industrial separation of ions. Here we investigate the electrochemical transfer of nitrate anions between oil and water phases, driven by the reduction and oxidation of cerium coordination complexes in oil phases. We find that the coordination environment around the cerium cation has a pronounced impact on the overall redox potential, particularly with regard to the number of coordinated nitrate anions. Our results suggest a new fundamental mechanism for tuning ion transfer between phases; by ‘trapping’ the migrating ion inside the coordination sphere of a redox-active complex. This presents a new route for controlling anion transfer in electrochemically-driven separation applications.
Abstract 1492: Trastuzumab-induced normalization in a HER2+ murine model of breast cancer

Introduction: The primary goal of this study is to quantitatively map the vascular and cellular response to trastuzumab treatment in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. We report longitudinal dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and immunohistochemical studies hypothesized to identify timing windows of trastuzumab-induced vascular normalization. Experimental Design: Mice were subcutaneously implanted with BT474 breast cancer cells and randomly assigned to treated (10 mg/kg trastuzumab) and control (saline) groups. After tumors reached ∼225 mm 3 , animals (n = 20) were imaged (7.0 T MRI) before treatment (day 0), and 24 hours after each treatment (day 1 and day 4). Subgroups were sacrificed for histology between days 0 through 10 (n = 45). DCE-MRI analysis yielded parametric maps of blood vessel perfusion and permeability (K trans ) and the extravascular extracellular volume fraction (v e ). Tumor sections were paraffin-embedded and stained with CD31, α-SMA, Ki67 and HE thus, there was an overall increase in the “vessel maturation index” (ratio of α-SMA to CD31 staining) compared to controls (p = 0.01). Conclusion: These concordant (though preliminary) imaging and histological data suggest that trastuzumab treatment promotes vascular normalization, providing motivation for future studies designed to improve the efficacy of combination therapies in HER2+ breast cancer. For example, DCE-MRI has the potential to identify windows of vascular normalization thereby indicating optimal timing for treatment dosing with a cytotoxic therapy. As trastuzumab is currently given clinically in combination with various chemotherapies for HER2+ cancer, trastuzumab-induced vascular normalization could be utilized to improve drug delivery efficiency and enhance overall patient response without increasing dose or systemic toxicity. Citation Format: Anna G. Sorace, Jennifer G. Whisenant, J. Oliver McIntyre, Thomas E. Yankeelov. Trastuzumab-induced normalization in a HER2+ murine model of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1492. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1492
PETE Preparation for CSPAP at the University of Kentucky

Numerous strategies to increase physical activity levels among American youth have been recommended and implemented in schools, and physical education teachers have been identified as the logical personnel in schools to spearhead these attempts. Comprehensive school physical activity programs (CSPAPs) are being promoted, implemented and endorsed in K-12 schools to maximize the amount of physical activity students, staff and members of the community engage in. To this end, several training workshops and programs have been created to train inservice physical education teachers to take on the role of CSPAP champions. Despite this trend, it is unclear whether preservice physical educators are being well prepared to take on this somewhat new role. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the physical education teacher education (PETE) program at the University of Kentucky and to describe how the CSPAP concept is taught and teacher candidates are prepared to take on the role of physical activity...
Future Photographs of U.S. Women in Combat

Two grounded theory studies found that photo editors and producers were intent on publishing graphic photographs of women in combat if, and when, they are produced as women have begun to enter US Armed Forces combat units since January 2016. Editors said they aim to treat women the same as men when editing photographs of war, but showed hesitation upon seeing images of women in combat presented in this study, particularly when graphic. An individual level of influence was observed, as was concern for the audience that rivaled other social institutions within the hierarchy of influences. Interviewees in the first grounded theory study included 17 visual editors and producers of various newspaper, broadcast, and online US media companies. The second study included a different set of 20 editors/producers who participated in a think-aloud procedure showing them graphic photographs of women in combat.
The Enthymizing of Lysias

ABSTRACTLysias is best known for his portrayal of character (ethopoiia), his believable narratives, his plain or “Attic” style, and for the role he plays as inferior foil to Socrates in Plato’s Phaedrus. But he was also an important figure in developing, refining, and employing types of argument, including the rhetorical technique that would later be called the enthymeme. In On the Death of Eratosthenes, Lysias not only uses enthymemes, he highlights their use, selects a term (enthymizing), and demonstrates how “enthymizing” could be central to rhetorical artistry, to narrative development, to legal reasoning, and to political activism. Examining Lysias 1 not only deepens our understanding of Lysias’ rhetorical abilities, but it suggests that the orators had an important role to play in the development of rhetorical theory.
Communication and Parental Infidelity: A Qualitative Analysis of How Adult Children Cope in a Topic-Avoidant Environment

ABSTRACTThis study investigated adult children’s retrospective accounts of coping with a parent’s infidelity. To understand these experiences, 38 adult children whose parents had engaged in infidelity were interviewed. Results suggested that children placed communicative sanctions on their parent, acted out, and set ground rules for interaction. Last, a segment of participants discussed how communal coping stalled their ability to cope with these events. Combined, these findings highlight the complex nature of the communication surrounding parental infidelity and offer suggestions as to how these findings extend theorizing on topic avoidance.
Is FoxO1 the culprit, partner in crime, or a protector in systemic inflammation?

forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), a transcription factor with diverse functions that plays critical roles in development, metabolism, and cell survival, has garnered scientific attention in the past decade. Conventionally, FoxO1 was considered as an Akt-regulated protein (via insulin signaling);
Short Interest, Bearish Option Trades, and Short-Sale Constraints

Recent research has focused on the information content of short sales. In the plain vanilla capital asset pricing model, shorting a stock one thinks is priced too high is symmetrical with buying a stock one thinks is undervalued. However, there are several impediments to short selling in the real world that break the symmetry. A classic argument by Miller holds that when investors have heterogeneous beliefs about a stock but the market constrains short sales by the pessimists, the optimists will bid the price up too high and future returns will underperform. Because shorting is not actually prohibited, the question arises as to whether a stock with a relatively high level of short interest has a higher than average degree of latent pessimism (bad news for future returns) or, alternatively, is subject to no more negative beliefs than other stocks (no news) but has lower than average costs to short selling. Furthermore, the introduction of options trading creates alternative ways for investors with negative information to trade on their views by buying puts or writing calls. Du presents strong evidence supporting Miller’s argument and shows that high relative short interest is a signal of overpricing; high dispersion of opinion (as shown in earnings forecasts) and high short interest both are associated with overpricing and reinforce each other, and bearish option trades are a substitute for short sales.
A propaedeutic for a framework: Fostering ethical awareness in undergraduate business students

Using the field of accounting as a locus forinquiry within undergraduate businesseducation, this paper proposes that studentsbeing trained in fields of business wouldbenefit from sustained formal exposure to theepistemological and anthropologicalperspectives of ethical systems. Without suchexposure, the ethics case studies presented inbusiness textbooks will not be as effective inachieving their goal of training undergraduatestudents to be ethical professionals. Studentsneed a substantive introduction to ethicalreasoning before they can fully appreciate theethical ramifications in a case study. Students have to be able to articulate thecriteria by which they will approach thequestions of applied ethics posed by the ethicsexercises appearing as the conclusion tochapters teaching not ethics but technicalinformation.
Coordinating Large-Scale, Interdisciplinary Watershed Modeling

Recent advancements in computer hardware and software have made it possible for small land management offices to develop and run complex ecological models. This is not yet common because the opportunity is relatively unknown, the development of serious models for supporting land and water management requires a multidisciplinary and multistakeholder effort, and often the models must be developed to address local requirements. Because natural systems are far more complex than what can be captured in a single general ecological simulation, models are generally developed for particular watersheds and for particular management purposes. A growing number of local, state, and federal land management offices are seeking to develop such models to assist with land management decisions. Successful development of such models requires the effective creation, management, and collaboration of interdisciplinary teams. This section provides a road map by which dynamic, spatial, ecological models can be successfully developed by large interdisciplinary teams. Model development team members as well as team leaders will benefit from using the model development requirements and stages described here.
Computing and information technology challenges for 21st century financial market regulators

This paper reports on a research effort designed to begin to systematically identify the most critical computing and information technology-related challenges facing financial market regulation activities. Computing and information technology adaptation in financial markets create a paradox. Information technology is needed for effective governing of financial markets, yet advances in information technology and the increasingly complex adaptations of that technology make it more difficult for regulators to have a clear picture of what is actually happening. Drawing on in-depth interviews with professionals from the financial market community, this paper outlines three primary challenges facing regulation efforts: 1) information sharing and integration, 2) mediating interrelationship among financial market constituents, 3) data-driven decision making. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research about the challenges and.
ISS Experiments on Combustion of Heptane/Hexadecane Droplets

Combustion experiments on heptane–hexadecane mixture droplets were conducted onboard the International Space Station. The ambient consisted of oxygen mixed with either helium or nitrogen at 1 atm. ...
Expression of programmed death ligand 1 and 2 in adrenocortical cancer tissues: An exploratory study

Abstract Background Inhibition of the interaction of programmed death 1 with programmed death ligand 1 and 2 has been used successfully for treatment of multiple advanced cancers, but expression has not been studied in adrenocortical carcinoma. In this study, we investigated programmed death ligand 1 and 2 expression in adrenocortical carcinoma to determine the potential usefulness of checkpoint inhibitors in these malignant neoplasms. Methods A total of 56 tissue samples from patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (34) and benign adrenal tissues (22) were identified. Immunohistochemistry was performed for programmed death ligand 1, programmed death ligand 2, and CD8 and scored for membranous staining on adrenal and stromal tissue according to the immunoreactive score and absolute percentage, respectively. Descriptive statistics, a Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher exact tests were calculated. Results In total, 15 adrenocortical carcinoma (44%) stained positive for programmed death ligand 2 and 1 adrenocortical carcinoma for programmed death ligand 1 (P = .03). Adrenocortical carcinoma samples were more likely to express programmed death ligand 2 on tumor cells or in stromal tissues than benign samples (OR = 2.3, P = .03). There was no relationship between programmed death ligand 2 and CD8 expression (P = .08). There were also no relationships between programmed death ligand 2 or CD8 expression and tumor characteristics. Conclusion Programmed death ligand 2, but not programmed death ligand 1, is expressed commonly in adrenocortical carcinoma samples. The utility of certain checkpoint inhibitors should, therefore, be evaluated in further studies.
Adaptation Strategies to Address Rising Water Tables in Coastal Environments Under Future Climate and Sea-Level Rise Scenarios

Abstract Climate change and sea-level rise will impact coastal aquifers by facilitating saltwater intrusion and/or changing the quantity of water recharging the groundwater system. Another less obvious, but equally important result of climate change and sea-level rise is rising water tables and/or groundwater inundation. Shallow water tables and groundwater inundation are likely to impact various types of infrastructure (e.g., septic systems, building foundations, roads, etc.) in coastal regions. Here, we report on the need to critically account for shallow water tables and groundwater inundation in research studies that address climate change and sea level. We highlight the need for consideration of adaptive and innovative groundwater management strategies that will address future changes to the groundwater systems, particularly those in coastal regions.
N -Substituted Thionoamides and Their Se and Te Analogs

Recent advances in the preparation of N-substituted thionoamides are described together with leading references to the chemistry of these molecules. Some examples of selenium analogs are described; however, the corresponding tellurium series still remain poorly described in the literature.
Good Artists Torrent, Great Artists Fork: A workshop introducing the tools needed to fabricate an program printed circuit boards for creative purposes

In this workshop, Professors Nick Bontrager and Taylor Hokanson introduce the tools and services required to fabricate printed circuit boards, or PCBs. The process is more accessible than ever before, and is cheap enough to allow individuals to obtain functional prototypes, in small quantities, that are indistinguishable from similar PCBs that might be produced in the hundreds of thousands for industry or commercial applications. Using an “unpopulated” demonstration board designed by the workshop co-chairs, participants walk through all the steps needed to assemble and solder surface-mount components, finishing the event with a battery-operated, wearable, LED light display.
What's eating you? cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) revisited

Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) often leave cats and dogs to bite humans, causing pruritic lesions of the lower extremities. Once flea bites are confirmed, various efforts can be made to eradicate these pests from the home or pets. Cat fleas also play a role in transmission of vector-borne diseases, especially endemic typhus.
Xanthophyll β-Cryptoxanthin Inhibits Highly Refined Carbohydrate Diet-Promoted Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression in Mice.

Scope β-Cryptoxanthin (BCX) can be cleaved by both β-carotene 15,15'-oxygenase (BCO1) and β-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2), generating biological active vitamin A and apocarotenoids. We examined whether BCX feeding could inhibit diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated, highly refined carbohydrate diet (HRCD)-promoted hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, dependent or independent of BCO1/BCO2 activity. Methods and results Two-week-old male wild-type (WT) and BCO1-/- /BCO2-/- double knockout (DKO) mice are given a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN (25 mg kg-1 body weight) to initiate hepatic carcinogenesis. At 6 weeks of age, all animals are fed HRCD (66.5% of energy from carbohydrate) with or without BCX for 24 weeks. BCX feeding increases hepatic vitamin A levels in WT mice, but not in DKO mice that shows a significant accumulation of hepatic BCX. Compared to their respective HRCD littermates, both WT and DKO fed BCX have significantly lower HCC multiplicity, average tumor size, and total tumor volume, and the steatosis scores. The chemopreventive effects of BCX are associated with increased p53 protein acetylation and decreased protein levels of lactate dehydrogenase and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in tumors. Conclusion This study suggests that BCX feeding may alleviate HRCD-promoted HCC progression by modulating the acetylation of p53, hypoxic tumor microenvironment, and glucose metabolism, independent of BCO1/BCO2.
Controlled Polymerization and Ultrafiltration Increase the Consistency of Polymerized Hemoglobin for Use as an Oxygen Carrier.

Polymerized human hemoglobins (PolyhHbs) are a promising class of red blood cell substitute for use in transfusion medicine. Unfortunately, the application of the commonly used glutaraldehyde cross...
Prevention of platelet alloimmunization in dogs with systemic cyclosporine and by UV-irradiation or cyclosporine-loading of donor platelets

To study the immunosuppressive effects of three different treatments, 30 dogs received at weekly intervals eight platelet transfusions from a single random donor dog. The three experimental protocols were daily oral cyclosporine (Cs) treatment of recipients; in vitro ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation of donor platelets; and Cs-loading of donor platelets. All nine recipients of Cs, 11/12 (92%) recipients of UV-irradiated platelets, and 5/9 (56%) recipients of Cs-loaded donor platelets remained nonimmunized to repeated transfusions of donor platelets. In contrast, only 3 of 21 untreated controls (14%) were not alloimmunized by donor platelets. Moreover, 44% to 67% of the nonimmunized recipients remained tolerant to continued platelet transfusions from their original donor even after experimental therapy was discontinued. Forty-three percent to 100% of transfusions from secondary donors were also accepted without causing alloimmunization, suggesting that tolerance induced by prior treatment was not specific for the primary donor. However, survival of both the original and secondary donor platelets was reduced to about half the starting level, suggesting that some immune response to platelets had occurred. Also, recipients immunized by their original donor's platelets frequently developed refractoriness to platelets from other donors.
Limb Occlusion Pressure: A Method to Assess Changes in Systolic Blood Pressure.

Although often used as a surrogate, comparisons between traditional blood pressure measurements and limb occlusion assessed via hand-held Doppler have yet to be completed. Using limb occlusion pressure as a method of assessing systolic pressure is of interest to those studying the acute effects of blood flow restriction, where the removal of the cuff may alter the physiological response. Purpose We sought to determine how changes in limb occlusion pressure track with changes in traditional assessments of blood pressure. Basic procedures Limb occlusion pressure measured by hand-held Doppler and blood pressure measured by an automatic blood pressure cuff were assessed at rest and following isometric knee extension (post and 5 minutes post). Main findings Each individual had a similar dispersion from the mean value for both the limb occlusion pressure measurement and traditional systolic blood pressure measurement [BF10: 0.33; median (95% credible interval): 0.02 (-6.0, 5.9) %]. In response to lower body isometric exercise, blood pressure changed across time. The difference between measurements was small at immediately post and 5 minutes post. The Bayes factors were in the direction of the null but did not exceed the threshold needed to accept the null hypothesis. However, at 5 minutes post, the differences were within the range of practical equivalence (within ± 4.6%). Principal conclusions Our findings suggest that changes in limb occlusion pressure measured by hand-held Doppler track similarly to traditional measurements of brachial systolic blood pressure following isometric knee extension exercise.
Factors Associated with Help-Seeking and Self-Efficacy among a Sample of Deaf Adults

Many individuals who experience psychological, interpersonal, and social distress do not seek help. Deaf and hard of hearing individuals who use American Sign Language (ASL) as their primary language face additional barriers, such as communication inaccessibility, stigma, and prejudice, which can further impede help-seeking. The purpose of this study is to examine help-seeking behaviors and self-efficacy in relation to stressful life events and identity and discrimination factors among a sample of 149 deaf and hard of hearing. Results indicated that there was a low level of help-seeking among the sample despite moderate scores on self-efficacy, high scores on positive identity and discrimination factors, and low scores on adverse life experiences. Self-efficacy scores improved with stronger social networks. The interaction between parents’ communication method and social network mitigated stressful life events scores. Stressful life events and parents’ communication methods were significant predictors of help-seeking behavior. Practitioners can incorporate these findings into their practice assessments and treatment as well as outreach efforts and program implementation.
Cobimetinib plus gemcitabine is an active combination in KRAS G12R-mutated in previously chemotherapy-treated and failed pancreatic patients.

4642Background: he KRAS proto-oncogene is involved in the RAS/MAPK pathway. Various G12X mutations have been examined with the most common mutations being G12D (40%), G12V (30%), and G12R (15-20%) ...
Comparison of Hemostatic Outcomes in Patients Receiving Fixed-Dose vs. Weight-Based 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate.

Abstract Background Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) is a blood coagulation product indicated for urgent reversal of warfarin. Currently there are no studies using 4F-PCC as a fixed dose to achieve hemostasis with warfarin as well as direct factor Xa inhibitors. Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4F-PCC administration using a fixed dose of approximately 2000 factor IX units to achieve hemostasis in anticoagulated patients, compared with weight-based therapy. Methods This single-center, retrospective cohort study was performed at a 433-bed tertiary care hospital in central Kentucky. Patients from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 were included if they were 18 years or older and received 4F-PCC for hemostasis of oral anticoagulation. Efficacy was assessed by determining if clinically effective hemostasis was achieved after receiving a fixed-dose vs. a weight-based dose of 4F-PCC. Results Seventy-two patients were included in the study. Thirty-eight received weight-based dosing, compared with 34 receiving a fixed dose. Results yielded no statistical difference in clinically effective hemostasis using a fixed-dose vs. weight-based dosing, 91.2% and 78.9%, respectively (p = 0.150). There was no significant difference in adverse events, length of stay, or in-hospital mortality between groups; however, significant acquisition cost savings was realized. Conclusions A fixed-dose regimen of approximately 2000 factor IX units of 4F-PCC may be a reasonable approach to achieve hemostasis in patients receiving warfarin or factor Xa inhibitors. Additionally, utilization of a fixed-dose regimen may lead to significant acquisition cost savings for facilities.
Transcranial direct current stimulation for post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been investigated as a tool for dysphagia recovery after stroke in several single-center randomized controlled trials (RCT). The aim of this investigation was to quantitatively evaluate the effect of tDCS on dysphagia recovery after a stroke utilizing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Major databases were searched through October 2019 using a pre-defined set of criteria. Any RCT investigating the efficacy of tDCS in post-stroke dysphagia using a standardized dysphagia scale as outcome measure was included. Studies were assessed for risk of bias and quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Effect sizes were calculated from extracted data and entered into a random effects analysis to obtain pooled estimates of the effect. Seven RCTs with a total sample size of 217 patients fulfilled the criteria and were included in the analysis. The overall results revealed a small but statistically significant pooled effect size (0.31; CI 0.03, 0.59; p = 0.03). The subgroup which explored the stimulation intensity yielded a moderately significant effect size for the low-intensity stimulation group (g = 0.44; CI = 0.08, 0.81 vs. g = 0.15, CI − 0.30, 0.61). For the other subgroup analyses, neither comparisons of affected vs. unaffected hemisphere or acute vs. chronic stroke phase revealed a significant result. This meta-analysis demonstrates a modest but significant beneficial effect of tDCS on improving post-stroke dysphagia. Whether benefits from this intervention are more pronounced in certain patient subgroups and with specific stimulation protocols requires further investigation.
Managing conflict in your practice

Conflict exists in every workplace. We might ignore it, or cover it up, or avoid it, but it will still exist. Conflict is not inherently bad for an organization. Dynamic, trusting organizations can have productive conflict as people constantly seek ways to improve. On the other hand, poorly managed and unresolved conflict can be highly destructive. This presentation discusses recognition of conflict, and strategies to successfully manage them.
The Use of Anterior Superior Iliac Spine Osteotomy to Access the Anterior Column in Tumor Resection: A Case Report.

Case A 24-year-old woman with chondrosarcoma of the superior pubic ramus underwent a Type III pelvic resection through an ilioinguinal approach, modified with anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) osteotomy. The osteotomy mobilized the ASIS and sartorious distally, exposing the anterior wall and superior ramus. A custom cutting guide was placed on the anterior acetabular wall for en bloc superior ramus resection with hip-sparing osteotomy and negative margins. Conclusion ASIS osteotomy for sartorius mobilization improves visualization of the anterior column of the acetabulum and heals more reliably than sartorius tenotomy, therefore should be considered during tumor resection involving the anterior column, superior ramus, or acetabular wall.
Optical atomic magnetometer networks to search for exotic physics

A host of astrophysical and cosmological measurements have established that the majority of matter in the Universe is dark matter. Understanding its nature is of paramount importance to astrophysics, cosmology, and particle physics. A well-motivated possibility is that the dark matter consists of ultralight bosons such as axions, with masses far smaller than 1 eV, in which case they are well-described as a classical field. Due to topology or self-interactions, ultralight bosonic fields can form stable, macroscopic configurations in the form of boson stars or topological defects (domain walls). Even in the absence of topological defects or self-interactions, bosonic dark matter fields exhibit stochastic fluctuations. Furthermore, cataclysmic astrophysical events (like black hole mergers) could produce intense bursts of exotic low-mass fields (ELFs). In any of these scenarios, instead of being bathed in a uniform flux, terrestrial detectors will witness transient events when the exotic bosonic fields pass through Earth. The Global Network of Optical Magnetometers to search for Exotic physics (GNOME): an international collaboration to search for such transient events with a worldwide network of more than a dozen time-synchronized optical atomic magnetometers, with stations in Europe, North America, Asia, the Middle East, and Australia. We will report on our latest results and future directions.
Dilepton production in the SMEFT at $\mathcal O(1/\Lambda^4)$

We study the inclusion of $\mathcal O(1/\Lambda^4)$ effects in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory in fits to the current Drell-Yan data at the LHC. Our analysis includes the full set of dimension-6 and dimension-8 operators contributing to the dilepton process, and is performed to next-to-leading-order in the QCD coupling constant at both $\mathcal O(1/\Lambda^2)$ and $\mathcal O(1/\Lambda^4)$. We find that the inclusion of dimension-6 squared terms and certain dimension-8 operators has significant effects on fits to the current data. Neglecting them leads to bounds on dimension-6 operators off by large factors. We find that dimension-8 four-fermion operators can already be probed to the several-TeV level by LHC results, and that their inclusion significantly changes the limits found for dimension-6 operators. We discuss which dimension-8 operators should be included in fits to the LHC data. Only a manageable subset of two-derivative dimension-8 four-fermion operators need to be included at this stage given current LHC uncertainties.
13 Composition, Structure, and Function of the Myxococcus xanthus Cell Envelope

This chapter covers in detail the polysaccharide-containing components of the Myxococcus xanthus cell envelope including the peptidoglycan (PG), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), extracellular matrix (ECM), and capsular exopolysaccharide (EPS). First, the PG was associated with substantial amounts of glycine, serine, and glucose. Second, the vegetative cell wall PG was suggested to be discontinuous in that whole sacculi were not isolated and trypsin and sodium dodecyl sulfate were able to completely disassociate the PG. At least two factors regulate MBHA accumulation. First, mbhA transcription, which is σ-54 dependent, increases during development. Second, the stability of the mbhA mRNA is increased during development. Interestingly, all of the LPS mutants identified by the authors' two laboratories mapped to three loci: two LPS O-antigen loci and one LPS core locus. The carbohydrate composition of wild-type LPS consists of glucose, mannose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, galactosamine, glucosamine, KDO (2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid), and 3-O-methylpentose and 6-O-methylgalactosamine. Signal perception by the Dif pathway involves Tfp. First, Tfp was found to be required for EPS production in M. xanthus. Second, Dif proteins function downstream of Tfp as demonstrated by genetic epistasis tests. Finally, Tfp do not appear to function as either exogenous or endogenous signals for the Dif pathway. Preliminary biochemical studies indicated that M. xanthus EPS contains at least five monosaccharides: galactose, glucosamine, glucose, rhamnose, and xylose. Studies of M. xanthus pili focus on their involvement in S-motility.
Prospective Study of a Self-Report Type A Scale and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Test of the MMPI-2 Type A Scale

To the Editor: Kawachi et al1 report that type A behavior, as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (revised) (MMPI-2), is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and angina, even after controlling for anger and cynicism, also measured by the MMPI-2. This is the first study to validate the predictive validity of the MMPI-2 for cardiac end points. The risk ratios observed were moderately strong, although not as strong as those previously observed for other measures of emotional distress (eg, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Crown-Crisp Phobic Anxiety Inventory). Because …
A Parens Patriae Figure or Impartial Fact Finder: Policy Questions and Conflicts for the Juvenile Court Judge:

For several decades, juvenile courts functioned like clinics. Judges assigned there were instructed to assume a variety of roles: jurist, psychologist, counselor, sociologist, and parent. The In re Gault decision in 1967 granted juvenile defendants several constitutional rights that transformed juvenile courts into criminal court-like operations. Juvenile court judges have not been told whether they should continue to be paternal or emulate their counterparts in adult court; research has not addressed this subject. In this study, 100 juvenile court workers (judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, probation officers) from three juvenile courts (urban, suburban, rural) were interviewed to ascertain how judges operate in juvenile court and what these workers perceive to be the proper role for the judge. The data show that most workers believe that the role of the juvenile court judge is and should be unique.
Retention by the endoplasmic reticulum of rotavirus VP7 is controlled by three adjacent amino-terminal residues.

Abstract The rotavirus outer capsid glycoprotein, VP7, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-associated glycoprotein in both infected and transfected cells. It was previously demonstrated in this laboratory and by others that both the cleaved signal sequence (H2) and the first NH2-terminal 61 amino acids of VP7 are sufficient and necessary for ER retention of this molecule. Using site-specific mutagenesis and transfection techniques, we show that residues Ile-9, Thr-10, and Gly-11 were specifically necessary for ER retention. These results further define the ER retention sequence of VP7 and demonstrate that conservative changes, apparently innocuous in only three adjacent amino acids, can lead to major solubility and compartmentalization changes. It was found that placement of the first 31 mature NH2-terminal residues of VP7, in addition to the cleaved ER translocation signal sequence, was sufficient to retain the enzymatically active chimeric alpha-amylase in the ER; this enzyme is normally secreted. Deletions of the residues Ile-9, Thr-10, and Gly-11 within the amylase chimera containing 31 VP7 amino acids resulted in secretion of enzymatically active protein. It was also observed that the residues of VP7 presented in certain chimeras were able to abolish alpha-amylase enzymatic activity. These chimeras are presumably misfolded since it was demonstrated by pulse-chase experiments that these molecules are degraded in the ER. We surmise that a favorable conformation is necessary for retention since ER retention and activity of the chimeras depend on the primary sequence context.
Visually evoked cortical potentials and reaction time in relation to site of retinal stimulation

Abstract Using an averaging computer, visually evoked cortical potentials and reaction time were studied as a function of flash intensity, wave-length (red vs. blue) and site of retinal stimulation. All evoked potentials were comprised of periodic, sinusoidal deflections having a frequency equal to S 's alpha rhythm, and which grew to a peak value then attenuated. Evoked potential latency and reaction time changed similarly as the eye was stimulated progressively more peripherally. Both increased out to 5°, decreased out to 10–20°, and thereafter progressively increased. The changes corresponded closely to Oesterberg's rod-cone density function and to known differences in retinal sensitivity. Changes in evoked potential amplitude with retinal site differed for the two colors.
Al 27 and the Excited-Core Model

The nuclear properties of the low-lying levels in ${\mathrm{Al}}^{27}$ are discussed in terms of a model in which a proton hole is coupled to the observed levels of ${\mathrm{Si}}^{28}$. The calculated electric $E2$ transition probabilities are found to be in good agreement with the experimental values, but the agreement between theory and experiment for $M1$ transition probabilities does not appear to be so good. It is found that the core-particle interaction required to fit the observed levels of ${\mathrm{Al}}^{27}$ contains multipoles of order up to four. A possible explicit form for this interaction is suggested.
The Purpose of Awarding Restitutionary Damages: A Reply to Professor Weinrib

Professor Ernest Weinrib has argued that restitutionary damages must be understood, not as a deterrent to wrongful conduct, but as a requirement of commutative Justice. Professor Gordley agrees, but claims that a purposive understanding of commutative Justice can shed more light on restitutionary damages than the formal understanding of Professor Weinrib. A purposive understanding enables us to distinguish appropriation of a right from mere inteference, to distinguish true restitutionary damages from damages in lieu of a forced sale or hold-up; and to explain why, normally, it should not matter whether the defendant acted wilfully or innocently.
A Review of Thermal Effects in Hydrodynamic Bearings. Part II: Journal Bearings

This Paper presents a survey of important papers pertaining to thermal effects in journal bearings. It includes discussions on theoretical, computation, and experimental works pertaining to heat effects in journal bearings published in various technical journals. Presented at the 4191 Annual Meeting in Toronto, Ontario, Canada May 12–15, 1986
Twenty-four hour quantitative-EEG and in-vivo glutamate biosensor detects activity and circadian rhythm dependent biomarkers of pathogenesis in Mecp2 null mice

Mutations in the X-linked gene encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (Mecp2) cause most cases of Rett syndrome (RTT). Currently there is no cure for RTT. Abnormal EEGs are found in 100% of RTT cases and are associated with severe sleep dysfunction, the cause of which is not well understood. Mice deficient in MeCP2 protein have been studied and characterized for their neuropathological and behavioral deficits to better understand RTT. With the goal to study the non-ictal EEG correlates in symptomatic Mecp2 KO mice (Mecp2tm1.1Bird/y), and determine novel EEG biomarkers of their reported progressive neurodegeneration, we used 24h video-EEG/EMG with synchronous in-vivo cortical glutamate biosensor in the frontal cortex. We scored the EEG for activity states and spectral analysis was performed to evaluate correlations to the synchronous extracellular glutamate fluctuations underlying Mecp2 inactivation as compared to WT. Significant alterations in sleep structure due to dark cycle specific long wake states and poor quality of slow-wave sleep were associated with a significant increase in glutamate loads per activity cycle. The dynamics of the activity-state-dependent physiological rise and fall of glutamate indicative of glutamate homeostasis was significantly altered in the KO mice. Colorimetric quantitation of absolute glutamate levels in frontal cortex also indicated the presence of significantly higher levels in KO. This study for the first time found evidence of uncompensated sleep deprivation-like EEG biomarkers that were associated with glutamate homeostatic dysfunction in the Mecp2 KO mice.
Focus Group Questions Low Food Service Patient Satisfaction Scores in the Bone Marrow Transplant Unit

Text: A grassroots approach to nutrition education has been utilized for Pennsylvania (PA) Food Stamp Nutrition Education (FSNE) since program establishment. This structure allows for attention to local needs via multiple education strategies and curricula. Statewide evaluation efforts have been designed to accommodate this approach. School-age students in classroom settings account for 85% of PA FSNE participants. Non-curriculum-specific, objectives-focused fruit and vegetable evaluation surveys administered to a geo-stratified random sample of forty 35 grade classrooms did not reveal impact of FSNE programming. Survey items that were general enough to assess the wide variety of programming (e.g. pictorial recognition items) were found to be simplistic; students overwhelmingly answered them correctly on a pretest. Items with potential to discriminate impact of FSNE intervention (e.g. item related to fiber content) reflected topics not taught consistently among local FSNE partners. Findings suggested that more clearly defined interventions and measures to assure intervention fidelity could strengthen impact. Results guided nutrition education planning; state and local nutrition professionals convened a workgroup to translate findings to practice. As a result a core nutrition education intervention for 4 graders, consisting of four lessons focused on vegetable objectives was developed. Field testing informed adaptation. Local partners retained flexibility to provide additional nutrition education; however, establishing a 4 grade curriculum allows a consistent approach that facilitates evaluation of FSNE impact, which is a federally-driven focus and priority. This activity was funded by FSNE, USDA.
Bacterial and fungal colonization of endotracheal tubes in children: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate both the frequency and route of endotracheal colonization of intubated children by pathogens and to assess the usefulness of Pediatric Risk of Mortality scoring and measurement of gastric pH in predicting this colonization. DESIGN Prospective data collection. SETTING A multidisciplinary pediatric ICU. PATIENTS Nineteen children with medical/surgical problems who were intubated for at least 4 days. INTERVENTIONS Buccal mucosa, and endotracheal and gastric aspirates were cultured for pathogens immediately after endotracheal intubation and daily for 4 to 5 days. Pediatric Risk of Mortality scores were calculated at the time of endotracheal intubation; gastric pH was measured each time that the cultures were obtained. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The buccal mucosae of ten (53%) of 19 children were colonized with Candida species at the time of endotracheal intubation. This colonization correlated with the degree of physiologic instability as measured by Pediatric Risk of Mortality scores (12.9 +/- 2.8 SEM for those patients colonized vs. 4.9 +/- 1.0 for those patients not colonized; p = .01), but not with preintubation antibiotic therapy. Eleven (58%) children acquired 27 endotracheal pathogens after the day of intubation. The buccal mucosa was the initial site of colonization of 19 (70%) of 27 of the acquired pathogens. A gastric pH of > 3.0 at the time of intubation correctly predicted colonization in nine of 11 children (p 8 at the time of endotracheal intubation correctly predicted colonization in eight of 11 patients (p < .05, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSIONS Colonization of the buccal mucosa appears to be the crucial antecedent to endotracheal colonization in children. In children, gastric pH and Pediatric Risk of Mortality scores at the time of endotracheal intubation can predict pathogenic endotracheal colonization within 4 days of intubation. Selective decontamination regimes may be appropriate for these patients, especially those regimes that are directed to the buccal mucosa.
Abscisic acid biosynthesis in Zea mays embryos: influence of tetcyclacis and regulation by osmotic potential

Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation by isolated sweet corn (Zea mays L.) embryos increased when tetcylacis, an inhibitor of ABA catabolism to phaseic acid (PA), was added to the medium (0.1 M Tris, pH 7.0). The induction of plasmolysis by the addition of mannitol also increased the amount of ABA produced. ABA production was not increased by cytorrhysis, which was induced by the non-penetrating osmoticum Aquacide III, or by penetrating solutes, such as ethylene glycol or thiourea. We conclude that ABA production by isolated embryos may be increased only when the osmotic potential of embryos is decreased by plasmolysis and not by cytorrhysis or by penetrating solutes. Osmotic potentials of developing Tx5855 corn embryos were more positive than those of the endosperm from 11 through 19 days after pollination (DAP), but were more negative after 20 DAP. The water potential gradient between the embryo and endosperm in kernels less than 19 DAP may be one factor in controlling embryo production of ABA. The different seed parts were compared for differences in ABA content and biosynthetic capacities with and without tetcyclacis.
Load Vectors for Damage Localization

A technique to localize damage in structures that can be treated as linear in the pre- and postdamage states is presented. Central to the approach is the computation of a set of vectors, designated as damage locating vectors (DLVs) that have the property of inducing stress fields whose magnitude is zero in the damaged elements (small in the presence of truncations and approximations). The DLVs are associated with sensor coordinates and are computed systematically as the null space of the change in measured flexibility. The localization approach based on the use of DLVs is not structure type dependent and can be applied to single or multiple element damage scenarios. Knowledge about the system is restricted to that needed for a static analysis in the undamaged state, namely, the undamaged topology and, if the structure is indeterminate, the relative stiffness characteristics. Numerical simulations carried out with realistic levels of noise and modeling error illustrate the robustness of the technique.
Exposure to smoking in movies and smoking initiation among black youth.

Background Black adolescents see more substance use in mainstream media but seem less responsive to it than other U.S. adolescents. Black-oriented media may be more personally relevant to them. Purpose To determine smoking exposure separately for black-oriented (BSME) and mainstream (MMSE) movies and assess their longitudinal relationships with smoking among black and other-race adolescents. Methods Two-wave (2007–2009) national cohort survey of 2341 nonsmoking (at baseline) U.S. adolescents (aged 13–19 years), analyzed in 2012. The surveys determined BMSE and MMSE based on respondents' exposure to random subsets of 50 movies from a contemporary sample of 95 black-oriented and 288 mainstream movies previously content-coded for smoking. Outcome was smoking initiation. Results Black teens had significantly more BMSE and MMSE than other teens ( p 's Conclusions A prospective relationship was found between exposure to smoking in movies and smoking initiation. Among black adolescents in the U.S., this was only for black-oriented movies, suggesting the importance of personal relevance of the exposures. Parents, practitioners, and producers should be aware of these potential influences of media on black teen viewers.