cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patient body mass index does not predict six-month clinical outcome of depression managed under collaborative care.

Obesity and depression are often comorbid conditions. There appears to be a bidirectional relationship between these. Obesity at baseline has been shown to increase the risk of onset of depression and depression at baseline increased the odds for developing obesity. Less is understood about the impact of obesity on depression treatment outcomes. The authors’ hypothesis was that obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) and morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) would each have negative effects on depression remission rates after 6 months of enrollment into collaborative care management for depression. In a retrospective analysis of 1111 depressed patients with a PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire) score of 10 or greater, multivariate analysis for the odds ratio of achieving remission at 6 months demonstrated that the patient’s BMI at baseline was not an independent risk factor for depression outcome at 6 months. Collaborative care management for depression has been shown to be effective for improving depression...
Host Genetic Background Impacts Disease Outcome During Intrauterine Infection with Ureaplasma parvum

Ureaplasma parvum, an opportunistic pathogen of the human urogenital tract, has been implicated in contributing to chorioamnionitis, fetal morbidity, and fetal mortality. It has been proposed that the host genetic background is a critical factor in adverse pregnancy outcome as sequela to U. parvum intra-amniotic infection. To test this hypothesis we assessed the impact of intrauterine U. parvum infection in the prototypical TH1/M1 C57BL/6 and TH2/M2 BALB/c mouse strain. Sterile medium or U. parvum was inoculated into each uterine horn and animals were evaluated for intra-amniotic infection, fetal infection, chorioamnionitis and fetal pathology at 72 hours post-inoculation. Disease outcome was assessed by microbial culture, in situ detection of U. parvum in fetal and utero-placental tissues, grading of chorioamnionitis, and placental gene expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, S100A8, and S100A9. Placental infection and colonization rates were equivalent in both strains. The in situ distribution of U. parvum in placental tissues was also similar. However, a significantly greater proportion of BALB/c fetuses were infected (P<0.02). C57BL/6 infected animals predominantly exhibited mild to moderate chorioamnionitis (P<0.0001), and a significant reduction in placental expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, S100A8, and S100A9 compared to sham controls (P<0.02). Conversely, severe protracted chorioamnionitis with cellular necrosis was the predominant lesion phenotype in BALB/c mice, which also exhibited a significant increase in placental expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, S100A8, and S100A9 (P<0.01). Fetal pathology in BALB/c was multi-organ and included brain, lung, heart, liver, and intestine, whereas fetal pathology in C57BL/6 was only detected in the liver and intestines. These results confirm that the host genetic background is a major determinant in ureaplasmal induced chorioamnionitis with fetal infection and fetal inflammatory response.
A model of smooth pursuit performance illustrates the relationship between gain, catch-up saccade rate, and catch-up saccade amplitude in normal controls and patients with schizophrenia

Smooth pursuit eye-tracking performance of 37 unmedicated patients with sch&ophrenia and 45 normal controls was recorded with infrared oculography, and digitized for offiine analysis of gain and other measures. Target velocity was 5~/sec. Patients with schizophrenia had significan@ lower gain than normal controls, confirming several earlier reports. During low gain smooth pursuit tracking, when eye velocity is slower than target velociD', the saccadic system corrects for the accumulating position error with catch-up saccades (CUS). The rate of CUS and the median CUS amplitude were compared between groups. Patients had significantly more CUS than controls, but the median CUS amplitudes were not significantly different. A nmdinear mathematical model of the relationship beaveen gain, CUS amplitude, and CUS rate during stea~¢-state constant velocity tracking was developed to integrate these findings. According to this model, for a given gain, correction for position error can result from either a few large CUS or many small CUS. Tile fit of the model to empirical data, as assessed graphically and with linear and nonlinear regression techniques, was excellent. The model fit the data for both patients and controls. The psychiatric eye-tracking literature is discussed from the perspective suggested by the modeled relationship.
Oral contraceptives and risk of ovarian cancer.

This study examines the relationship between oral contraceptive (OC) use ovarian cancer and parity using data collected from a large group of married registered nurses (n=172413) aged 30-55 in 1976 who received questionnaires by mail. A final sample of 47 cases of confirmed ovarian cancer of epithelial origin was identified. 10 controls randomly chosen from other respondents free from ovarian cancer were matched for each case by year of birth (total controls=470). Relative risk (RR) or the association between variables estimated as the exposure-odds ratio were summarized across categories of other variables using the Mantel-Haenszel procedure. The 95% confidence intervals were computed using a test-based procedure. OC use was identified in 14 (28%) of 47 cases and in 152 (33%) of 464 controls giving an overall RR for OC use of 0.8 (95% confidence limits 0.4-1.5). This inverse relationship may be due to a statistically significant effect in the small number of women less than 35 years of age. An RR of 0.2 (0.1-1.0) was observed in 2 of 9 (22%) cases and in 54 of 109 (50%) controls who were under 35 years of age. RR for current use versus never use was 0.8 (0.3-2.1) as derived from an analysis restricted to individuals who were premenopausal (and thus potential users of OC) before diagnosis. Mean duration of use among OC users was 44 months in cases and 41 months in controls. 11 of 47 cases (23%) and 57 of 470 controls (12%) had never had a pregnancy lasting more than 6 months giving an RR associated with nulliparity of 2.2 (1.1-4.5). Ovarian cancer risk was not significantly associated with age at onsent of menses and age at first pregnancy. The study did not establish an overall increase in risk of ovarian cancer associated with OC use. Nulliparity however was associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer a finding consistent with other studies of ovarian cancer. Further studies of ovarian cancer and OC use should include measurement of potential for becoming pregnant.
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family genes are aberrantly expressed in bovine conceptuses produced in vitro or by nuclear transfer.

Abstract Embryos produced through somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) or in vitro production (IVP) are often associated with increased abortion and abnormalities thought to arise from disruptions in normal gene expression. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family has a major influence on embryonic, fetal and placental development; differences in IGF expression in NT- and IVP-derived embryos may account for embryonic losses during placental attachment. In the present study, expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), and IGF-IIR mRNAs was quantitated in Day 7 and 25 bovine embryos produced in vivo, by NT, IVP, or parthenogenesis, to further understand divergent changes occurring during development. Expression of the IGF-I gene was not detected in Day 7 blastocysts for any treatment. However, there were no differences (P > 0.10) among Day 7 treatments in the amounts of IGF-IR, IGF-II, and IGF-IIR mRNA. For Day 25 conceptuses, there was higher expression of IGF-I mRNA for NT and IVP embryonic tissues than for in vivo embryonic tissues (P 0.10). In conclusion, these differences in growth factor gene expression during early placental attachment and rapid embryonic growth may directly or indirectly contribute to increased losses and abnormalities in IVP- and NT-derived embryos.
The composition of mesosiderite olivine clasts and implications for the origin of pallasites

The composition of olivine clasts from the mesosiderites Emery, Mincy and Pinnaroo is investigated, and implications of the results for the origin of the pallasites, which, although chemically distinct, may be related to the diogenites, eucrites, howardites and mesosiderites, are discussed. Centimeter-sized olivines were analyzed by electron microprobe, and instrumental neutron activation analysis was performed on one olivine each from Emery and Pinnaroo and an olivine separate from the Brenham pallasite. The olivine compositions are found to range from Fa8 to Fa28, with Emery samples having values from Fa18 to Fa28, and to require essentially total melting of a source composition rich enough in FeO to produce basaltic clasts. It is argued that the mesosiderite olivines were formed in the outer few kilometers of their parent body, as were those of the pallasites, which have the same compositions as the mesosiderite olivines. A model is then developed for the origin of the pallasites as a by-product of igneous differentiation in the external heating of a chondritic parent body.
The futility of forecasting

Abstract Long-range forecasting is an integral part of planning, but relying on its accuracy may be a mistake. The landscape is strewn with often wildly inaccurate forecasts. This article studies performances of some forecasts, analyses factors contributing to forecast error, and suggests ways in which management may deal with the uncertainty resulting from faulty forecasting performances.
Successful Recollection of Remote Autobiographical Memories by Amnesic Patients with Medial Temporal Lobe Lesions

Abstract Current views about the organization of human memory make strikingly different predictions about the integrity of remote autobiographical memory following damage to the medial temporal lobe. We have carried out a detailed analysis of narrative content in memory-impaired patients for whom neuropsychological and neuroanatomical information is available. All eight patients were able to recall detailed memories from their early lives. The recollections of the patients and the recollections of 25 matched controls contained the same number of details (±5%) and were also similar by several other measures. The results support the view that autobiographical memories eventually become independent of the medial temporal lobe as time passes after learning. A number of other considerations suggest that the neocortex ultimately supports the capacity for recollecting remote autobiographical memory.
Nonlinear damage detection using a time-domain minimum rank perturbation theory

Modal Minimum Rank Perturbation Theory (MRPT) computes perturbation matrices approximating structural changes from one linear state to another due to damage. The number of measured flexible modes determines the rank of the computed perturbation and is usually low in comparison with model dimension. This work extends a time-domain MRPT (TD-MRPT) for detection of state-dependent stiffness damage. TD-MRPT computes an instantaneous stiffness perturbation with the force balance residual arising in successive time steps. Recursive rank-1 updating of the current stiffness estimate results in a cumulating stiffness matrix that converges to the unknown stiffness regardless of the rank difference between the nominal and perturbed matrices. As a result, damage is detected at onset and is exactly tracked in the case of a rank-1 nonlinearity. Time variation of higher-rank nonlinearities will be approximated provided the rate of change is slow compared with the algorithmic convergence rate. Numerical integration is used to render dependency solely on acceleration response measurement and a time-dependent elemental subspace recognition procedure was employed for detecting damage location and extent in the case of incomplete spatial measurements. The algorithm is evaluated with a nonlinear three degree-of-freedom oscillator and virtual experimental data from a 96-degree-of-freedom structure corrupted with artificial measurement noise.
Intra-articular Lidocaine Injection for Shoulder Reductions: A Clinical Review

Context: The shoulder is the most commonly dislocated joint, and shoulder dislocations are very common in sports. Many of these dislocations present to the office or training room for evaluation. U...
Consensus Genetic Maps as Median Orders from Inconsistent Sources

A genetic map is an ordering of genetic markers calculated from a population of known lineage. Although, traditionally, a map has been generated from a single population for each species, recently, researchers have created maps from multiple populations. In the face of these new data, we address the need to find a consensus map - a map that combines the information from multiple partial and possibly inconsistent input maps. We model each input map as a partial order and formulate the consensus problem as finding a median partial order. Finding the median of multiple total orders (preferences or rankings) is a well-studied problem in social choice. We choose to find the median by using the weighted symmetric difference distance, which is a more general version of both the symmetric difference distance and the Kemeny distance. Finding a median order using this distance is NP-hard. We show that, for our chosen weight assignment, a median order satisfies the positive responsiveness, extended Condorcet, and unanimity criteria. Our solution involves finding the maximum acyclic subgraph of a weighted directed graph. We present a method that dynamically switches between an exact branch and bound algorithm and a heuristic algorithm and show that, for real data from closely related organisms, an exact median can often be found. We present experimental results by using seven populations of the crop plant Zea mays.
Power Systems Human Factors/Ergonomics Activities in the United States

The field of Power Systems Human Factors/Ergonomics (HF/E) in the United States has been growing and evolving during the past twenty-five years from almost nothing to its present status of a well defined and integrated technology. This paper summarized the historical growth, key organizations and individuals involved, and a prediction of the direction the field is headed in the new millennium along with some possible problems.
Electrogenic Na-Ca exchange clears Ca2+ loads from retinal amacrine cells in culture

Calcium influx into cultured retinal amacrine cells is followed by a small, slow, inward current that we show here results from the operation of electrogenic Na-Ca exchange. The activity of the exchanger is shown to correlate with the magnitude of the Ca2+ load and to depend on both the Ca2+ and Na+ gradients. Li+ is unable to substitute for Na+ and in the absence of Na+, slow tail currents are almost entirely suppressed. A rapid change in [K+]o does not affect the activity of the exchanger, suggesting that only Na+ and Ca2+ are transported. The ratio of charge entering as Ca2+ current to the charge entering as exchange current is highly variable between cells. We suggest that variability results from a variable fraction of Ca2+ load, we estimate typically 40%, being removed by a process other than Na-Ca exchange. This process is likely to involve internal buffering or sequestration since inhibition of the plasmalemmal Ca(2+)-ATPase does not increase the fraction of Ca2+ expelled by the exchanger. Ca2+ loading performed in the absence of Na+o generates smaller exchange charge the longer the delay in returning Na+o to the neuron. About 30% of exchange charge is lost for a delay of 1 sec.
ENNET: inferring large gene regulatory networks from expression data using gradient boosting.

The regulation of gene expression by transcription factors is a key determinant of cellular phenotypes. Deciphering genome-wide networks that capture which transcription factors regulate which genes is one of the major efforts towards understanding and accurate modeling of living systems. However, reverse-engineering the network from gene expression profiles remains a challenge, because the data are noisy, high dimensional and sparse, and the regulation is often obscured by indirect connections. We introduce a gene regulatory network inference algorithm ENNET, which reverse-engineers networks of transcriptional regulation from a variety of expression profiles with a superior accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art methods. The proposed method relies on the boosting of regression stumps combined with a relative variable importance measure for the initial scoring of transcription factors with respect to each gene. Then, we propose a technique for using a distribution of the initial scores and information about knockouts to refine the predictions. We evaluated the proposed method on the DREAM3, DREAM4 and DREAM5 data sets and achieved higher accuracy than the winners of those competitions and other established methods. Superior accuracy achieved on the three different benchmark data sets shows that ENNET is a top contender in the task of network inference. It is a versatile method that uses information about which gene was knocked-out in which experiment if it is available, but remains the top performer even without such information. ENNET is available for download from https://github.com/slawekj/ennet under the GNU GPLv3 license.
Correlation of Substituent Parameter Values to Electronic Properties of Molecules

There are a vast number of organic compounds that could be considered for use in molecular electronics. Because of this, the need for efficient and economical screening tools has emerged. We have demonstrated that the substituent parameter values (σ), commonly found in advanced organic chemistry textbooks, correlate very strongly with features of the charge migration process. This result supports the use of the σ values as a low cost time saving tool in the selection of compounds for use in molecular electronic devices.
Caging the Beast: Formulating Effective Evidentiary Rules to Deal with Sexual Offenders

Society views individuals who commit sex crimes in a fundamentally different fashion than other criminals. We believe their actions are driven by a twisted internal desire they cannot control - they have become the monster in the woods, the creature that hides beneath the bed - inherently dangerous beasts. This article lifts the bed covers and looks underneath at the statistical data now available after years of in-depth research into the root causes of sexual offense recidivism. The article posits that the field of recidivism analysis is now sufficiently developed to allow evidence scholars to rely upon recidivism factors identified by statistical meta-analyses when formulating new evidentiary rules. This article considers the current data and then suggests substantive changes to the Federal Rules of Evidence dealing with character evidence and sexual misconduct.
The Immunologic Complexity of Growing Up with Malaria—Is Scientific Understanding Coming of Age?

In the current issue of Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, Mandala et al. report changes in lymphocyte populations in children with uncomplicated malaria, severe malarial anemia, and cerebral malaria compared to controls (W. L. Mandala et al., Clin Vaccine Immunol 23:95-103, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00564-15). This commentary discusses the importance of understanding both helpful and detrimental aspects of the antimalarial immune response that are critical to malaria vaccine development and considers how these responses may relate to antimalarial vaccine safety and efficacy.
Innovation Processes in the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Space Sector

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) has a 50 year history of innovation in space technology, starting with the Transit Satellite Navigation program which was conceptualized just days after the launch of the Soviet Sputnik 1. More recently, JHU/APL has focused on space systems and technolgies for both National Security and Civil Space applications. This paper will describe some of the experiments and processes that JHU/APL has conducted to foster and maintain innovation throughout its history and how these are integrated into the overall space systems development environment.
Application of Double-Fed System on Naval Vessels

The theoretical application of stator flux oriented vector control in electric network on naval vessels was analyzed,the mathematic and simulation models were established for the double-fed system of naval vessels,and then the experiments on a real electric machine were done. The simulation and experiment results showed that the double-fed system could work well in the electric network on naval vessels,the voltage and frequency’s range of which were wide. The response of double-fed system was fast and the speed regulation was accurate,the ratio of steady-state speed regulation was less than ± 0. 2% and the ratio of dynamic speed regulation was less than ± 0. 5% , which were greatly better than the existing speed regulation system on naval vessels.
In vitro comparison of the properties of polydioxanone, polyglycolic acid and catgut sutures in sterile and infected urine.

Abstract The effect of immersion in sterile urine, infected urine and plasma on the breaking strength and stiffness of polydioxanone (PDS), polyglycolic acid (PGA) and chromic catgut was studied. Tests were done under closely controlled conditions with immersion periods varying from zero to ten days. The breaking strength and stiffness of the three suture materials was not significantly changed by immersion in plasma for periods up to ten days. In sterile urine, PDS lost all of its strength after three days of immersion while PGA lost 64% of its initial breaking strength after ten days. Catgut maintained its strength over the ten day study period. In E. coli-infected urine, PDS lost all of its strength in six days while PGA lost 71% and catgut 8% after ten days. In proteus-infected urine, PDS and PGA lost all their breaking strength after one day of immersion while catgut lost 5.8% of its initial strength after 10 days. Corresponding decreases in stiffness were also observed.
A simple strategy to assemble infectious RNA and DNA clones.

The availability of infectious full-length cDNA clones is important for the molecular genetic analysis of the structure and function of RNA virus genomes (Ahlquist et al, 1984; Boursnell et al., 1987). Infectious cDNA clones for a number of positive-stranded RNA viruses have been developed, advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of viral replication and pathogenesis, and has resulted in novel approaches for heterologous gene expression and vaccine development. Clearly, a full-length infectious construct of TGEV would enhance our understanding of all aspects of TGEV biology by providing a means for reverse genetic analysis.
Process control of the advanced flash stripper for CO2 solvent regeneration

The advanced flash stripper (AFS) is an intensified process design for CO2 solvent regeneration in amine scrubbing. This work identified self-optimizing controlled variables for the energy recovery bypass flowrates of the AFS, as well as a controller configuration for the steam extraction flowrate. Two self-optimizing variables were selected using a high-fidelity steady state process model: the temperature difference at the top of the stripper packing and the temperature difference on the hot end of the stripper overhead heat exchanger. Ranges of possible off-design conditions for the rich loading, absorber temperature, rich flowrate, and flash tank operating temperature were evaluated, and the worst case heat duty for CO2 stripping of the self-optimizing control scheme was within 1% of the true system optimum. A low-order dynamic model was used to test the proposed self-optimizing control strategy and showed no significant control loop interactions in the closed-loop response. Cascade control, where the inner loop controlled the steam heater effluent temperature and the outer loop controlled the flash tank temperature, was found to have favorable dynamic performance compared to a non-cascaded structure with uncontrolled flash tank temperature.
Special Sessions Description: Advancing the Cause of Cause-Related Marketing

Today, many companies have the resources and expertise to make meaningful contributions to worthy causes. They also possess the visibility and advertising wherewithal to lend credibility to these causes and generate awareness for pressing social issues. This special session highlights the evolution, current development, and potential changes in the world of cause-related marketing (CRM) since its inception in 1983 by the American Express. Moreover, although countless campaigns have generated successful outcomes for various stakeholders of the firm, CRM is far from a foolproof marketing communication tool. This panel presents its own primary research findings focused on how companies, consumers, and nonprofits are affected by this type of corporate social responsibility. This session also illuminates some of the challenges and shortcomings that currently exist within a CRM context. For example, although many companies are drawn to social sponsorship that is easily marketable (e.g., helping sick children), still, less marketable important social issues are left unaddressed (e.g., needs of the homeless). Our intention is not only to celebrate the successes of CRM but also develop an agenda for future research to combat the current weaknesses to ensure the health and longevity of this valuable marketing tool.
Genomic Variants Associated With Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Systematic Review

Background Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common stressful side effect caused by cancer and cancer treatments. Although CRF causes a significant burden to quality of life, no pharmacologic interventions are available because the mechanism remains unknown. Objectives This systematic review analyzed the genomic variants that have been found to be associated with CRF. Methods A search for peer-reviewed articles through PubMed, EBSCOhost, and DePaul WorldCat Libraries Worldwide yielded 16 published studies. Findings The majority of genomic variants demonstrated that the inflammatory and immune response pathways, including the neuro-proinflammatory cytokine pathway, have statistically significant associations with CRF. Additional genomic studies are still needed to validate the findings in this systematic review. The exact biologic underpinnings that contribute to the development of CRF remain unknown.
Mountainous Terrain and Civil Wars: Geospatial Analysis of Conflict Dynamics in the Post-Soviet Caucasus

Existing research on the relationship between mountainous terrain and conflict has generally been implemented using crude metrics capturing the actions and motivations of armed groups, both insurge...
Stochastic behavior of robots that navigate by interacting with their environment

This paper reports on the benefit of including boundary interaction behaviors, specifically wall-following, in reducing the position uncertainty of mobile robots with little or no localization capacity. Assuming that the robot has some primitive wall-following capabilities, and can switch its behavior depending on whether it moves in free-space or along obstacle boundaries, the time evolution of its trajectories is modeled by a stochastic differential equation with piece-wise constant drift and diffusion terms. The probability law of this piece-wise linear time-invariant diffusion is matched at any given time instant by that of an appropriately constructed single diffusion, in what is called here a time-weighted convolution. Since the Fokker-Planck associated with the single diffusion can be solved analytically, this matching enables the exact calculation of the position distribution of the stochastic switching vehicle dynamics at any given stopping time.
The Reliability of Recorded Text Test Scores: Widespread Inconsistent Intelligibility Testing in Minority Languages.

The recorded text test (RTT) is commonly used to test dialect intelligibility, often to inform language development decisions. More than 25 papers using the RTT method were published on www.sil.org...
The Ultrasound Lexicon: Common Terminology for Thyroid and Parathyroid Sonography

This chapter examines the common terminology associated with thyroid and parathyroid ultrasound.
Memorializing animals during the romantic period

Professor Chase Pielak brilliantly analyses early nineteenth Century British poetry by John Clare, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Charles and Mary Lamb, Lord Byron and William Wordsworth, considering the...
Representing the Human to the Systems That They Use

The systems with which humans interact are becoming increasingly complex; there is a corresponding need for such systems to anticipate and understand human action. Current approaches to develop this ability do not robustly represent human users to the systems with which they are interacting. Fusing neurocognitive models with existing approaches may provide an effective way to capture and represent neural action in a way that behaviors can be predicted and shared with the systems that humans are operating.
Pressure-Thermal Kinetics of Furan Formation in Selected Fruit and Vegetable Juices

Furan, a potential carcinogenic compound, can be formed in array of processed foods. The objective of this study was to conduct kinetic studies in pineapple juice and assess the interactive effects of pressure (0.1 to 600 MPa) and temperature (30 to 120 °C) on furan formation. Additional experiments were carried out in tomato, watermelon, cantaloupe, kale, and carrot juice to understand the influence of matrix and juice pH. Furan was monitored in raw (control) and processed samples by automated headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and quantified by calibration curve method with d4-furan as internal standard. The data were modeled using zero-, first-, and second-order equations. The zero-order rate constants (k T,P ), activation energy (E a ), and Gibbs free energy of activation (ΔG ‡) of furan formation in thermally processed (TP; 90–120 °C) pineapple juice were found to be 0.036–0.55 μg/kg/min, 98–114 kJ/mol, and 173.9–180.5 kJ/mol, respectively. Furan concentration was negligible and close to the detection limit (0.37 μg/kg) after pressure treatment (600 MPa at 30 °C) of juice samples. For similar process temperatures, the rate constants of pressure-assisted thermally processed (PATP; 600 MPa at 105 °C) pineapple juice were lower than that of TP samples. Furan formation was influenced by juice matrix and pH. On the other hand, PATP markedly suppressed furan (0.7 to 1.6 μg/kg) in these selected juices. In conclusion, furan formation increased with process temperature and treatment time, while pressure treatment at ambient temperature did not promote its production. Furan formation in TP fruit juices was also influenced by juice matrix and pH, but these were not the significant factors for PATP-treated juices.
‘This industry lives on gossip and scandal’: female star narratives and the Marilyn Monroe biopic

This article discusses the migration of the female star narrative, a staple of the backstudio picture during the studio era, from theatrical fictional films to biopics on cable and broadcast TV. I ...
Percolation observations in an arid piedmont watershed and linkages to historical conditions in the Chihuahuan Desert

A critical hydrologic process in arid and semiarid regions is the interaction between ephemeral channels and groundwater aquifers. Generally, it has been found that ephemeral channels contribute to groundwater recharge when streamflow infiltrates into the sandy bottoms of channels. This process has traditionally been studied in channels that drain large areas (tens to hundreds of square kilometers). Since the water table in arid and semiarid regions is typically far from the surface, measured streamflow losses or percolation into the deep vadose zone is equated to groundwater recharge. In this study, we use a water balance approach to estimate deep percolation in a first-order, instrumented watershed (4.7 ha) on a piedmont slope of the Jornada Experimental Range (JER) in the Chihuahuan Desert. Results indicate that runoff generated within the piedmont slope contributes significantly to deep percolation. During the short-term 6-yr study period, we estimated 385 mm of total percolation, 62 mm/yr, or a ratio of percolation to rainfall of 0.26. Based on the instrument network, we identified that percolation occurs inside channel areas when these receive overland sheetflow from hillslopes. We observed less streamflow leaving the watershed as compared to percolation during the study period, leading to an outlet streamflow to rainfall ratio of 0.02. Using long-term data sets available from the JER, we estimate that over the last 100 yr, 48 mm/yr of percolation occurs at the study site, a ratio of percolation to rainfall of 0.19. We then scale this up to determine the contribution of similarly sized watersheds on the piedmont slopes of the JER. These observations highlight the importance of arid piedmont slopes for generating groundwater recharge, in particular during above-average rainfall periods.
Validation and Fine Mapping a Multifunction Region qPCG10/qDC10 Conferring Chalkiness and Grain Shape of Rice

Chalkiness and grain shape are two important appearance traits of milled rice (Oryza sativa L.), and grain shape is generally considered to greatly affect chalkiness of endosperm. This study was conducted to validate and fine map an important multifunction region located on the long arm of rice chromosome 10, qPCG10/qDC10, conferring grain shape and chalkiness that has not been well characterized. The quantitative trait loci validations were first performed using BC₂F₂ and BC₂F₂:₃ populations derived from indica maternal line Teqing and recurrent paternal line IR24. Plants with overlapping heterozygous segments in the interval of RM3773 to RM6673 were selected from the BC₄F₂ population to develop near-isogenic lines for fine mapping of qPCG10/qDC10. Using two-way ANOVA of phenotypic variance among three genotype groups in each near-isogenic line set, qPCG10/qDC10 was delimited to a 93.4-kb region flanked by RM25828 and RM3123 and showed significant effects on grain width, grain length, 1000-grain weight, percentage of chalky grain, and degree of chalkiness. We speculated that the multifunction region may harbor a novel gene causing chalkiness and grain shape. The present study will facilitate the cloning of qPCG10/qDC10 and the exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying rice grain chalkiness.
Microenvironment-Mediated Mechanisms of Resistance to HER2 Inhibitors Differ between HER2+ Breast Cancer Subtypes

Extrinsic signals are implicated in breast cancer resistance to HER2-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). To examine how microenvironmental signals influence resistance, we monitored TKI-treated breast cancer cell lines grown on microenvironment microarrays composed of printed extracellular matrix proteins supplemented with soluble proteins. We tested ∼2,500 combinations of 56 soluble and 46 matrix microenvironmental proteins on basal-like HER2+ (HER2E) or luminal-like HER2+ (L-HER2+) cells treated with the TKIs lapatinib or neratinib. In HER2E cells, hepatocyte growth factor, a ligand for MET, induced resistance that could be reversed with crizotinib, an inhibitor of MET. In L-HER2+ cells, neuregulin1-β1 (NRG1β), a ligand for HER3, induced resistance that could be reversed with pertuzumab, an inhibitor of HER2-HER3 heterodimerization. The subtype-specific responses were also observed in 3D cultures and murine xenografts. These results, along with bioinformatic pathway analysis and siRNA knockdown experiments, suggest different mechanisms of resistance specific to each HER2+ subtype: MET signaling for HER2E and HER2-HER3 heterodimerization for L-HER2+ cells.
DNA Hybridization To Interface Current-Producing Cells with Electrode Surfaces

As fossil fuels are increasingly linked to environmental damage, the development of renewable, affordable biological alternative fuels is vital. Shewanella oneidensis is often suggested as a potential component of bioelectrochemical cells because of its ability to act as an electron donor to metal surfaces. These microbes remain challenging to implement, though, due to inconsistency in biofilm formation on electrodes and therefore current generation. We have applied DNA hybridization-based cell adhesion to immobilize S. oneidensis on electrodes. High levels of current are reproducibly generated from these cell layers following only 30 min of immobilization without the need for the formation of a biofilm. Upon incorporation of DNA mismatches in the microbe immobilization sequence, significant attenuation in current production is observed, suggesting that at least part of the electron transfer to the electrode is DNA-mediated. This method of microbe assembly is rapid, reproducible, and facile for the produc...
Base, Rate, and Percentage

This chapter discusses the base, rate, and percentage problems, which are basic to business mathematics. Mathematical techniques are used to solve specific types of business problems. Every base, rate, or percentage problem gives two of the three factors. A rate of increase or decrease is the difference between two numbers divided by one of them. Generally, the base is preceded by the words “part of” or “of.” The rate is easily recognized as it includes a percent sign. The percentage is the number that is related to the base by the rate. In comparing the data from two different time periods, the earlier period is always the base.
Introduction: women in sports media: new scholarly engagements

Feminist scholarship on sports media has long examined how women negotiate femininity and athleticism, how they contend with sexism in their professions, and how sports media trivializes, sexualize...
Remote Alcohol Monitoring to Facilitate Incentive-Based Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Trial.

BACKGROUND The delivery of monetary incentives contingent on verified abstinence is an effective treatment for alcohol use disorder. However, technological barriers to accurate, frequent biochemical verification of alcohol abstinence have limited the dissemination of this technique. METHODS In the present randomized parallel trial, we employed a breathalyzer that allows remote, user-verified collection of a breath alcohol sample, text messaging, and reloadable debit cards for remote delivery of incentives to evaluate a contingency management treatment for alcohol use disorder that can be delivered with no in-person contact. Treatment-seeking participants with alcohol use disorder (n = 40) were recruited from the community and randomized to either a contingent or a noncontingent group (n = 20 each). The contingent group received nearly immediate monetary incentives each day they remotely provided negative breathalyzer samples. The noncontingent group received matched monetary payments each day they successfully provided samples independent of alcohol content. Groups were not masked as awareness of group contingencies was an essential intervention component. RESULTS The primary outcome of the intent-to-treat analyses (analyzed n = 40) was percent days abstinent as measured by the remote breathalyzer samples. Abstinence rates in the contingent group were 85%, which was significantly higher than the 38% recorded in the noncontingent group, corresponding to an odds ratio of 9.4 (95% CI = 4.0 to 22.2). Breathalyzer collection adherence rates were over 95%, and participant ratings of acceptability were also high. CONCLUSIONS These results support the efficacy, acceptability, and feasibility of this remotely deliverable abstinence reinforcement incentive intervention for the initiation and near-term maintenance of abstinence from alcohol in adults with alcohol use disorder. Due to low provider and participant burden, this procedure has the potential for broad dissemination.
A Cyanobacterial Sidestream Nutrient Removal Process and Its Life Cycle Implications

This study proposes a novel integration of a municipal wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) with a cyanobacterial nutrient removal process for sidestream wastewater treatment. A life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was used to determine the effectiveness and environmental performances of the integrated system. The LCA is populated by models of wastewater process engineering, material balance, cyanobacterial growth, and kinetics of anaerobic digestion. The cyanobacteria growth model incorporates chlorophyll synthesis, nitrogen uptake, photosynthesis, centrate inhibition, and competition for nitrogen between cyanobacteria and nitrifiers. Modeling results are validated against experiments with Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 grown in sludge centrate. With a maximum specific growth rate of 1.09 day−1, the nitrogen removal rate of the proposed WWTF would be increased by 15% when compared to the baseline wastewater treatment facility with a biological nutrient removal process. Incorporating the cyanobacterial nutrient removal process as the sidestream wastewater treatment of a conventional activated sludge process reduces the total nitrogen concentrations discharged from the WWTF from 25.9 to 15.2 mg 1−1. Methane yield was found to be increased by 4% of the baseline value when cyanobacterial biomass was co-digested with the activated sludge. Life cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions were found to be reduced by 8% and 17%, respectively, relative to a baseline wastewater treatment facility. Overall, a cyanobacteria-based sidestream municipal wastewater treatment process could be an effective and environmentally sustainable biological nutrient removal process in the future addressing the water-energy-food nexus.
Circular dichroism of bradykinin and related peptides

1. The circular dichroism of bradykinin and a number of its analogues and homologues was measured over the spectral range 200–300nm. All of the biologically active peptides showed maxima at 220nm and minima at 235nm. The spectra were independent of solvent and temperature. The vibronic transitions of phenylalanyl residues in the 250–280nm range showed no evidence of intra- or inter-molecular interactions. We take this as evidence that bradykinin and its biologically active analogues and homologues exist in solution as disordered chains. 2. None of the analogues with spectra unlike bradykinin possessed biological activity. However, peptides such as retro-bradykinin, des-6-serine-bradykinin, des-1-arginine-bradykinin and des-9-arginine-bradykinin produced spectra like that of bradykinin but were devoid of biological activity. Although we could not identify spectral features that were clearly correlated with biological activity, it appears unlikely that highly ordered peptides of the same amino acid composition as bradykinin would possess bradykinin-like effects.
Barriers to physical activity in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) have low levels of physical activity (PA). Increased PA has health benefits including i...
Meshfree methods on manifolds for hydrodynamic flows on curved surfaces: A Generalized Moving Least-Squares (GMLS) approach

Abstract We utilize generalized moving least squares (GMLS) to develop meshfree techniques for discretizing hydrodynamic flow problems on manifolds. We use exterior calculus to formulate incompressible hydrodynamic equations in the Stokesian regime and handle the divergence-free constraints via a generalized vector potential. This provides less coordinate-centric descriptions and enables the development of efficient numerical methods and splitting schemes for the fourth-order governing equations in terms of a system of second-order elliptic operators. Using a Hodge decomposition, we develop methods for manifolds having spherical topology. We show the methods exhibit high-order convergence rates for solving hydrodynamic flows on curved surfaces. The methods also provide general high-order approximations for the metric, curvature, and other geometric quantities of the manifold and associated exterior calculus operators. The approaches also can be utilized to develop high-order solvers for other scalar-valued and vector-valued problems on manifolds.
Sleep disordered breathing induced by cervical spinal cord injury and effect of adenosine A1 receptors modulation in rats.

The two key novel findings of our study included that 1) induced cervical spinal cord injury results in sleep-disordered breathing in adult rats, and 2) oral therapy with an adenosine A1 receptor b...
Modulating the immune response with liposomal delivery

Abstract Lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) provide a platform for drug, gene, and vaccine delivery with clinical applicability to treat a variety of diseases. As advances in drug development and immune mechanisms of disease continue to evolve, LNPs are positioned to have a profound impact on the future of immunomodulatory therapeutics. This chapter offers an overview of the principles of liposomal therapeutics, and the immune system while highlighting the clinically relevant liposomal therapeutics focused on small-molecule drugs, genes, and vaccines. Using the current state of the field of liposomal therapeutics, and the lessons learned from these preclinical and clinical studies, we will be able to pave the way for future advances in clinical liposomal immunomodulation.
Flexible spatial learning requires both the dorsal and ventral hippocampus and their functional interactions with the prefrontal cortex

When faced with changing contingencies, animals can use memory to flexibly guide actions, engaging both frontal and temporal lobe brain structures. Damage to the hippocampus (HPC) impairs episodic memory, and damage to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) impairs cognitive flexibility, but the circuit mechanisms by which these areas support flexible memory processing remain unclear. The present study investigated these mechanisms by temporarily inactivating the medial PFC (mPFC), the dorsal HPC (dHPC), and the ventral HPC (vHPC), individually and in combination, as rats learned spatial discriminations and reversals in a plus maze. Bilateral inactivation of either the dHPC or vHPC profoundly impaired spatial learning and memory, whereas bilateral mPFC inactivation primarily impaired reversal versus discrimination learning. Inactivation of unilateral mPFC together with the contralateral dHPC or vHPC impaired spatial discrimination and reversal learning, whereas ipsilateral inactivation did not. Flexible spatial learning thus depends on both the dHPC and vHPC and their functional interactions with the mPFC.
Nonlinearities between inhibition and T-type calcium channel activity bidirectionally regulate thalamic network oscillations

Absence seizures result from 3-5 Hz generalized thalamocortical oscillations that depend on highly regulated inhibitory neurotransmission in the thalamus. Efficient reuptake of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA is essential, and reuptake failure worsens seizures. Here, we show that blocking GABA transporters (GATs) in acute brain slices containing key parts of the thalamocortical seizure network modulates epileptiform activity. As expected, we found that blocking either GAT1 or GAT3 prolonged oscillations. However, blocking both GATs unexpectedly suppressed oscillations. Integrating experimental observations into single-neuron and network-level computational models shows how a non-linear dependence of T-type calcium channel opening on GABAB receptor activity regulates network oscillations. Receptor activity that is either too brief or too protracted fails to sufficiently open T-type channels necessary for sustaining oscillations. Only within a narrow range does prolonging GABAB receptor activity promote channel opening and intensify oscillations. These results have implications for therapeutics that modulate GABA transporters.