cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PROGRESS REPORT ON DETERMINATION OF CRYSTALLINE COMPOUNDS CAUSING OPACITY IN ENAMELS BY X-RAY METHODS1

By use of the X-ray, the identity of the crystalline compounds present in enamels as Tin oxide is present as SnO2, antimony compounds as Other antimony comopacifiers was determined. Sb2O5, fluorspar as CaF2, and cryolite contributes only NaF. pounds are not present and AIF2 was not found in any of the enamels studied.
Three-dimensional object recovery from two-dimensional images: a new approach

This paper considers the work done by Thomas Marill in a series of papers on the recognition of two-dimensional wire- frame figures as 3D objects without the use of models. Marill discovered that if one minimizes the standard deviation of the angles found at each vertex of the figure, the likelihood of the computer interpretation of the figure matching the human interpretation is much higher than might be expected a priori. Here it is observed that the human mind's tendency to simplify inputs and find patterns even where there are none might be at least partly responsible for the observed phenomenon. It is conjectured that if this is indeed the case, it should be possible to get similar behavior from minimizing the standard deviation of other features. In particular, segment length presents itself as being an excellent choice of a test feature--it is very different from angles and is less computationally intensive. Thus another approach is considered: minimum standard deviation of segment magnitudes is explored in lieu of minimum standard deviation of angles. Marill's original experiment is then carefully repeated with several additional figure s that were deliberately chosen not to have all equal angles. The experiment is described in detail, and all the failures of Marill's algorithm are carefully studied and explained. The problem, of straight angles is touched upon and the difficulties of solving it as a special case are briefly discussed. A new program is the written to minimize the standard deviation of segment magnitudes instead of minimizing the standard deviation of angles. This program is run on the same test figures as the original algorithm. Its successes and failures are noted and explained, and its behaviors are studied. The results of the two algorithms zero then compared and the differences noted. It is of particular interest that the two algorithms have different areas of failure, suggesting that a combined algorithms should be able to produce better results than either one alone. This and some other avenues of future work are suggested. Finally, some comments about the basic behaviors of both algorithms are made.
Autoclave Expansion of Portland Cement-Fly Ash Pastes

The influence of the chemical composition of fly ash on the autoclave expansion of portland cement-fly ash pastes has been studied. The autoclave expansion tests were performed as described in ASTM C 151–81. Several of the cement-fly ash pastes tested exhibited severe expansive behavior. Free lime (CaO) was the only single variable that correlated well with the expansion observed in the autoclave tests. A multivariable model was generated in which lime, magnesium oxide, and tricalcium aluminate were the significant variables. The autoclave expansion of portland cement-fly ash pastes appears to be quite sensitive to the amount of free lime present in a given mixture.
Effects of dog ownership and genotype on immune development and atopy in infancy.

Abstract Background Exposure to furred pets might confer protection against the development of allergic sensitization through a mechanism that is incompletely understood. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pet exposure and genotype on immunologic development and the incidence of atopic markers and diseases in the first year of life. Methods Pet exposure in the home was compared with cytokine secretion patterns (mitogen-stimulated mononuclear cells at birth and age 1 year) and indicators of atopy (allergen-specific and total IgE, eosinophilia, food allergy, atopic dermatitis) in 285 infants. Interactions with genotype at the CD14 locus were also evaluated in the data analyses. Results Exposure to dogs was associated with reduced allergen sensitization (19% vs 33%, P = .020) and atopic dermatitis (30% vs 51%, P CD14 locus ( P = .006), even after adjusting for exposure to dogs ( P = .003). Furthermore, infants with the genotype −159TT were less likely to develop atopic dermatitis if they were exposed to a dog (5% vs 43%, P = .04). Last, dog exposure was associated with increased IL-10 (117 vs 79 pg/mL, P = .002) and IL-13 (280 vs 226 pg/mL, P = .013) responses at age 1 year. Conclusions Having a dog in infancy is associated with higher IL-10 and IL-13 cytokine secretion profiles and reduced allergic sensitization and atopic dermatitis. These findings suggest that postnatal exposure to dogs can influence immune development in a genotype-specific fashion and thereby attenuate the development of atopy in at-risk children.
Calculating alveolar capillary conductance and pulmonary capillary blood volume: comparing the multiple- and single-inspired oxygen tension methods

Key elements for determining alveolar-capillary membrane conductance (Dm) and pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc) from the lung diffusing capacity (Dl) for carbon monoxide (DlCO) or for nitric ox...
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Biotin Carboxylase

Biotin carboxylase catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of biotin and is one component of the multienzyme complex acetyl-CoA carboxylase that catalyzes the first committed step in fatty acid synthesis in all organisms. Biotin carboxylase from Escherichia coli, whose crystal structures with and without ATP bound have been determined, has served as a model system for this component of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex. The two crystal structures revealed a large conformational change of one domain relative to the other domains when ATP is bound. Unfortunately, the crystal structure with ATP bound was obtained with an inactive site-directed mutant of the enzyme. As a consequence the structure with ATP bound lacked key structural information such as for the Mg2+ ions and contained altered conformations of key active-site residues. Therefore, nanosecond molecular dynamics studies of the wild-type biotin carboxylase were undertaken to supplant and amend the results of the crystal structures. Specifically, the protein-metal interactions of the two catalytically critical Mg2+ ions bound in the active site are presented along with a reevaluation of the conformations of active-site residues bound to ATP. In addition, the regions of the polypeptide chain that serve as hinges for the large conformational change were identified. The results of the hinge analysis complemented a covariance analysis that identified the individual structural elements of biotin carboxylase that change their conformation in response to ATP binding.
A new optimizer for the facility layout problem

Facility layout problem is one of the truly difficult combinatorial optimization problems that remain unsolved. The task is to assign facilities to locations in a manner so as to minimize a total cost function. In this paper, the authors propose a new global optimization technique, which makes combined use of evolutionary programming and simulating annealing. Experimental results for the standard benchmark problems are reported and the results show that the authors proposed algorithm compares favorably with other heuristic algorithms.
Self-Sustained Oscillation of Launch Vehicles Caused by Aeroelastic Coupling

Self-sustained oscillation of launch vehicles can result during transonic flight if structural responses couple with alternating flow separation forces at the payload fairing cone cylinder junction. A new methodology for the prediction of the amplitudes of limit cycles induced by this aeroelastic coupling is presented. The approach is intended for practical systems analysis. Linear aeroelastic theory is used and emphasis is placed on understanding the steady-state dynamic behavior of the launch vehicle. The salient feature of the analysis is the derivation of closed-form equations for the dynamic amplification factor consistent with coupled aeroelastic forces and launch vehicle responses. These simple expressions can be readily evaluated for given structural and flowfield parameters, and were validated numerically. Nomenclature AF = dynamic amplification factor, dimensionless Cp =
Modelling the effect of creep–fatigue interaction on crack growth

Time-dependent creep–fatigue crack growth (CFCG) is a major consideration in estimating the remaining life of elevated temperature components. Fracture mechanics approaches have proven useful in providing a framework for characterizing crack growth under service conditions, and in defining safe operating conditions and selecting inspection criteria and intervals. Experimental and analytical approaches have been developed to characterize crack growth under combined creep and fatigue loading conditions using (Ct )avg as the crack tip parameter. The analytical approaches that have been proposed to characterize CFCG are limited in their application because they do not completely account for the effect of creep–fatigue interactions in modelling crack tip deformation, and thus, accurately estimating the (Ct )avg value. A new creep-reversal parameter, CR , is defined in this study to quantify the extent of creep–fatigue interaction at the crack tip, and is used in an analytical scheme, suitable for components, for calculating (Ct )avg . This approach does not rely on any simplifying assumptions regarding the extent of reinstatement of Ct , which is dependent on the amount of creep reversal due to cyclic plasticity, during the unloading part of a trapezoidal loading waveform cycle. The (Ct )avg values calculated by this approach compare well with the experimentally obtained values for compact type (CT) specimens, thus providing an experimental verification of the approach.
Summary: Our 50-year odyssey with fission

Abstract On the occasion of this International Conference on Fifty Years Research in Nuclear Fission, we summarize our present understanding of the fission process and the challenges that lie ahead. The basic properties of fission arise from a delicate competition between disruptive Coulomb forces, cohesive nuclear forces and fluctuating shell and pairing forces. These static forces are primarily responsible for such experimental phenomena as deformed ground-state nuclear shapes, fission into fragments of unequal size, sawtooth neutron yields, spontaneously fissioning isomers, broad resonances and narrow intermediate structure in fission cross sections and cluster radioactivity. However, inertial and dissipative forces also play decisive roles in the dynamical evolution of a fissioning nucleus. The energy dissipated between the saddle and scission points is small for low initial excitation energy at the saddle point and increases with increasing excitation energy. At moderate excitation energies, the dissipation of collective energy into internal single-particle excitation energy proceeds largely through the interaction of nucleons with the mean field and with each other in the vicinity of the nuclear surface, as well as through the transfer of nucleons between the two portions of the evolving dumbbell-like system. These unique dissipation mechanisms arise from the Pauli exclusion principle for fermions and the details of the nucleon-nucleon interaction, which make the mean free path of a nucleon near the Fermi surface at low excitation energy longer than the nuclear radius. With its inverse process of heavy-ion fusion reactions, fission continues to yield surprises in the study of large-amplitude collective nuclear motion. Future challenges include devising experiments to unambiguously distinguish dissipative effects from analogous effects caused by collective degrees of freedom and computing fission directly from the underlying hadronic interaction.
Plasma hexosamine levels in acute rheumatic fever.

Abstract Plasma hexosamine levels were followed in twenty-one patients with acute rheumatic fever, three patients with chorea, and two without clinical evidence of rheumatic activity who died in congestive failure with long-standing rheumatic heart disease. The plasma hexosamine was observed to be elevated in all twenty-one cases of acute rheumatic fever. The usual pattern was an elevation during the early portion of the episode and then a return to normal, which in several cases was very abrupt. The degree of elevation was greater in the severe cases than in the mild ones. In the three patients with chorea and in the two who died in congestive failure without clinical evidence of rheumatic activity, the hexosamine levels were normal. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the plasma hexosamine level roughly paralleled each other in ten of the twenty-one cases studied. In confirmation of the work of others, the plasma hexosamine elevation was not found to be specific for rheumatic fever and was observed to be increased in subacute bacterial endocarditis, pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumococcal pneumonia, acute pyelonephritis, gonococcal arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma, and myocardial infarction. It is suggested that the increased plasma polysaccharide seen in this variety of diseases reflects a fundamental histochemical response to injury.
Captopril alters schedule induced polydipsia, urination, and defecation in rats.

Schedule induced polydipsia, urination and defecation were examined in rats that received training on a fixed interval 2 min schedule of food reinforcement. In Phase I of the experiment, animals received peripheral injections of captopril (an angiotensin conversion enzyme blocker, 0.5 or 50 mg/kg), or equivalent volumes of 0.9% saline. The results showed that low doses of captopril (0.5 mg/kg) significantly increased both operant responding and the adjunctive behaviors. High peripheral doses of captopril significantly reduced responding and schedule induced behavior. In Phase II of the experiment, animals received either low peripheral doses of captopril (sc 0.5 mg/kg), or low doses that were coupled with central injections (i.e., 0.12 mg icv + 0.5 mg/kg sc). As observed in Phase I, low peripheral doses of captopril enhanced behavior, but the enhancement effect was eliminated with low (0.12 mg) central administration. The overall results are consistent with past research examining captopril effects on non-operant, meal-induced drinking. Yet since captopril affected operant responding and adjunctive behaviors similarly, the findings suggest that angiotensin plays a common role in the motivational processes that precede and follow the arrival of food.
Producing nitric oxide by pulsed electrical discharge in air for portable inhalation therapy

Inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) produces selective pulmonary vasodilation and is an effective therapy for treating pulmonary hypertension in adults and children. In the United States, the average cost of 5 days of inhaled NO for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is about $14,000. NO therapy involves gas cylinders and distribution, a complex delivery device, gas monitoring and calibration equipment, and a trained respiratory therapy staff. The objective of this study was to develop a lightweight, portable device to serve as a simple and economical method of producing pure NO from air for bedside or portable use. Two NO generators were designed and tested: an offline NO generator and an inline NO generator placed directly within the inspiratory line. Both generators use pulsed electrical discharges to produce therapeutic range NO (5 to 80 parts per million) at gas flow rates of 0.5 to 5 liters/min. NO was produced from air, as well as gas mixtures containing up to 90% O2 and 10% N2. Potentially toxic gases produced in the plasma, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3), were removed using a calcium hydroxide scavenger. An iridium spark electrode produced the lowest ratio of NO2/NO. In lambs with acute pulmonary hypertension, breathing electrically generated NO produced pulmonary vasodilation and reduced pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance index. In conclusion, electrical plasma NO generation produces therapeutic levels of NO from air. After scavenging to remove NO2 and O3 and filtration to remove particles, electrically produced NO can provide safe and effective treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
Pine Straw in an Evil Wind: A Study of James Boyd and the Pilot of Southern Pines, NC, 1941–1944

Abstract This study of novelist James Boyd and the Pilot of Southern Pines, North Carolina, during the World War II years widens the notion of what a country weekly editor can be or can do. In the ...
Alternative site pacing to promote cardiac synchrony: has conventional pacing become unconventional?

Nearly five decades have transpired since the advent of transvenous right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing, during which time millions of paced patients have derived significant benefit with regard to amelioration of symptoms and longevity. Recent studies, however, suggest that this technique may
Optimisation of Loads in Piping Systems by Realistic Calculation Method Applying FSI and Dynamic Friction

To reduce costs and to extend the lifetime of piping systems their design loads due to valve action have to be optimised. To get the best effect the results of the fluiddynamic and structural calculations should be realistic as far as possible. Therefore the calculation programs were coupled to consider the fluid structure interaction and the effect of dynamic fluid friction was introduced to get realistic results of oscillations due to pressure surges. Detailed modelling of check valve behaviour allows to minimise the pressure surge loading by improving the valve function and adapting it to the system behaviour. The method was validated at measurements of load cases in power plant piping systems. Results with different load cases show the effectiveness of reducing the fluid forces on piping. Examples are given to prove the reduction of supports.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Contractile function of isolated feline cardiocytes in response to viscous loading

The classical force-velocity relationship is a standard measure of the contractile function of isolated linear cardiac muscle, but no such simple index of contractile function exists for the isolated mammalian cardiocyte. Therefore, this study established an analogous viscosity-velocity relationship for the characterization of cardiocyte contractile function. For this purpose, force was imposed on unfettered adult feline cardiocytes as a series of defined viscous loads, which provided resistance to cardiocyte shape changes during contraction. This was done by increasing the viscosity of the Krebs superfusate (37 degrees C, pH 7.4) in graded, reproducible steps from 1 to 500 centipoise by the addition of methylcellulose. Sarcomere motion within each contracting cardiocyte was measured as movement of the diffraction pattern cast onto a photodiode array by a laser beam passing through the cell. Both the rate and extent of sarcomere shortening varied inversely with increasing viscosity, whereas neither resting sarcomere length nor osmolarity was altered. Further, increased inotropism effected by paired-pulse stimulation of cardiocytes caused an upward shift of the entire viscosity-velocity relationship. Thus the cardiocyte viscosity-velocity relationship is analogous in form to the force-velocity relationship of isolated linear cardiac muscle and provides a simple reproducible method for characterizing the contractile performance of relatively large numbers of cardiocytes isolated from a single specimen of myocardium.
Privileging Knowledge Claims in Collaborative Regulatory Management: An Ethnography of Marginalization:

We examine how a good faith effort at collaboration with Native peoples in the regulation of white-fronted geese in North America nonetheless resulted in their marginalization. Our investigation explores how dramatically different ways of knowing are articulated and contested in a complex, structurally differentiated, and highly professionalized institutional setting—the Migratory Bird Management Regime of North America. We find local knowledge emerging among and being legible to the street-level administrators of the management regime, but unable to penetrate regional management, where methodological commitments reinforced existing problem frames and administrative objectives.
Sensitive detection of myosin heavy chain composition in skeletal muscle under different loading conditions

Different loading conditions were employed to study changes in myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition with the aid of a sensitive approach for separating and detecting MHC isoforms. Separation and detection of MHCs by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were achieved to a degree such that MHC composition is consistent with previous reports on functional and mRNA data. Neonatal MHC was detected at low levels in control, 14-day hindlimb unweighted (HU), and 28-day HU soleus muscles. Type IIa MHC remained unchanged in all groups, representing approximately 9% of total MHC present. Type IIb MHC was not detected in control but represented 3% of total MHC at both 14 and 28 days of HU. Type IIx MHC also was not detected in control but represented 6% of total MHC at 14 days HU, and increased to 14% of total MHC at 28 days HU (P < 0.05). Type I MHC decreased from 89% in control to 72% at 28 days HU (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the type I MHC band was separated into two bands of approximately equal content in all groups when low amounts of protein were loaded on gels. The decrease in type I MHC with HU could be attributed entirely to a decrease in the percentage of the band in the type I region with lower mobility, which corresponds to beta-MHC. In addition, hypertrophied plantaris muscles demonstrated a fast-to-slow shift in MHC composition as evidenced by increased I, IIa, and IIx MHC and decreased IIb MHC expression.
Flow of Ground Water to Collector Wells

Analytical solutions for drawdown distribution around collector wells steadily discharging from homogeneous confined and unconfined aquifers of uniform hydraulic properties; equations based on 3 dimensional analysis for yield of collector wells located near, or under, stream channels; drawdown distributions around collector wells of symmetrically located laterals in relatively thick aquifer are graphically illustrated.
The Use of Video Self-Modeling to Increase On-Task Behavior in Children With High-Functioning Autism

ABSTRACTIn the present study, the researchers implemented a video self-modeling intervention for increasing on-task classroom behavior for three elementary school students diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. The researchers observed the students' on-task engagement three times a week during their respective math classes. A multiple baseline design across participants was utilized. Throughout the intervention phase, the students' teachers showed each student a video in which each student was successfully engaged in on-task classroom behavior. All videos were viewed prior to the start of math class. After watching the videos, the students resumed participating in their independent math classwork and the researchers observed their subsequent on-task engagement. All three students showed an increase in on-task engagement from baseline to intervention phases. Two of the three students maintained or improved their on-task engagement post-intervention. Implications for practice and future research are di...
Cholinergic and Peptidergic Regulation of Ganglionic Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity

Acetylcholine has traditionally been thought to be the sole preganglionic neurotransmitter in sympathetic ganglia. However, this view was challenged 15 years ago by Nishi and Koketsu in their studies on a frog sympathetic ganglion (10). These workers found that certain of the postsynaptic electrophysiological consequences of preganglionic nerve stimulation could not be abolished by cholinergic antagonists. More recently, Jan, Jan and Kuffler (8, 9) identified the neurotransmitter responsible for these non-cholinergic effects as being a peptide that resembles, but is not identical to, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. We have recently obtained evidence that a non-cholinergic transmitter is released also by preganglionic neurons in a mammalian sympathetic ganglion, the rat superior cervical ganglion, and that this neurotransmitter is different from the non-cholinergic transmitter found in frog sympathetic ganglia. Our conclusions come from studies on a postsynaptic biochemical consequence of preganglionic nerve stimulation rather than on an electrophysiological consequence. The biochemical parameter we have been investigating is the activity of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (tyrosine hydroxylase; TH; EC 1.14.16.2), the enzyme which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis.
An Investigation of Reorganization Algorithms.

Abstract Organization-based multiagent systems are designedto be highly adaptable systems. These systems areable to adapt themselves to changes that occur inthe environment. One of the ways to achieve adapt-ability is through reorganization. Currently, thereare a number of organization models that achieveadaptability with reorganization. This paper looksat how reorganization might occur for the Organi-zation Model for Adaptive Computational Systems.This paper highlights the shortcomings of the cur-rent model with respect to general-purpose reorga-nization algorithms and provides some suggestionsthat could improve eﬃciency of these reorganizationalgorithms. 1 Introduction As technology presses forward, more complex tasksarebeingdelegatedtocomputationalsystems. Gen-erally, these systems are distributed and expectedto adapt to changes in their environment. Whiledistributed systems oﬀer increased reliability andaccess to distributed resources, adaptive systemscontinue to perform eﬀectively while reacting totheir dynamically changing environments.One approach to building adaptive, distributedsystems is that of multiagent systems. However,early multiagent systems were typically designedwith a set of predeﬁned goals and emphasized indi-vidual agents and their interactions. This resultedin adaptivity at the agent-level with system-leveladaptation being a byproduct of the agent-leveladaptation.To achieve system-level adaptation, a system-level mechanism is required. Such a mechanism isthe focus of a number of ongoing research eﬀortsbased on an organizational metaphor. Various re-search groups are looking to provide mechanismsthat guide a group of agents by specifying high-levelobjectives within a predeﬁned organization struc-ture. [1, 2, 3]This paper investigates the feasibility of reorga-nization algorithms for the Organization Model forAdaptive Computational Systems (OMACS), pro-vides some suggestions to improving OMACS withrespect to these algorithms, and highlights somecharacteristicsthatcanbeusedfordesigning“good”and “eﬃcient” OMACS models.
Text and Tables

Information can be represented in many forms, including text, tables, static graphics, animated graphics and sound(Table 3.1). For lack of a suitable graphic representation, touch is omitted from the table, though it also can represent information in a useful manner. People certainly have been using these formats for quite some time. With the advent of computers, however, our ability to use these formats has been greatly enhanced. In this and the following three chapters, we discuss results from cognitive psychology, frameworks and guidelines, and techniques and technologies from computer science to support the use of the different representation formats.
Designing compact and contiguous reserve networks with a hybrid heuristic algorithm

Conflicting opinions from environmental advocates and economic interests on the best strategy for management of public lands often leaves land managers in a difficult position. Since ecosystem sustainability is in the long-term interest of each group, the establishment of nature reserves could simultaneously address both views. To promote sustainability, fragmentation of existing natural habitats should be avoided, since it is commonly recognized as being disruptive to the species adapted to these habitats. Therefore, when designing an efficient nature reserve, the compactness and contiguity of the land reserved is an essential consideration. A new formulation of the reserve selection problem is presented that explicitly addresses these issues; specifically, the model minimizes a weighted combination of compactness and contiguity measures subject to constraints on the minimal representation of each habitat class. Motivated by the ongoing reserve efforts in the large and diverse Klamath-Siskiyou region of southwestern Oregon and northwestern California, common heuristic search techniques are implemented and results compared on various simulated test problems. From these findings a new heuristic is developed that reduces solution time and increases solution quality. When applied to the Klamath-Siskiyou region, results are promising.
Hypomethylation Induction and Molecular Response after Decitabine Therapy in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML).

Abstract Decitabine has shown therapeutic activity in patients with MDS and CMML. The mechanisms of response to therapy remain incompletely understood. In particular, the relative contribution of this drug's ability to induce hypomethylation and cytotoxicity remains unclear. To address this issue, we studied the dynamics of neoplastic cell clearance during decitabine treatment determined by quantitative monitoring of the mutant allele using pyrosequencing. DNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from consented patients with CMML in a decitabine phase II study were first screened for JAK2 and NPM1 mutations as previously reported. We identified three patients with mutations (two with JAK2 mutation, one with NPM1 mutation) and samples at multiple points during therapy were available. All three carried normal karyotype. LINE repetitive element methylation and several other gene specific methylations were also assessed. In the three patients, LINE methylation decreased after each cycle of therapy, and recovered to near baseline after the drug was stopped (e.g. during the first cycle, average relative hypomethylation from baseline was 13.9% at day 12 and 6.5% at day 28). At the same time, the proportion of circulating neoplastic cells decreased slowly after the first cycle (decrease by 19.3% at day 12 and 13.5% at day 28). A substantial decrease in mutant allele percentage was observed after cycles 2, 3, and 2 in patients 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Clinical complete responses were achieved along with molecular responses at cycles 5, 4 and 2, respectively. Patients 1 and 2 showed complete disappearance of detectable neoplastic clones, and had sustained remissions (duration 1.5 and 2.5 years). In patient 3, the proportion of neoplastic cells was lower than baseline but still detectable at clinical remission, and the remission only lasted 8 months. We conclude that neoplastic cell clearance after decitabine therapy in CMML is observed after several courses of therapy, and is initially seen concurrently with hypomethylation. While LINE methylation returns to its steady state values after completion of decitabine infusion, the tumor elimination process slowly continues. Our data suggest a non-cytotoxic mechanism of action for the drug, whereby the biology of the neoplastic clone is altered by hypomethylation, leading to delayed clearances of unknown mechanism. Possibilities include an immune response and effects on the neoplastic (or normal) stem cells. Download : Download high-res image (84KB) Download : Download full-size image
INTERLINKING OF PRIMARY PUBLICATIONS AND SECONDARY INFORMATION SERVICES

Secondary information services in science and technology exist for the purpose of providing subject-oriented access to the contents of the corresponding primary literature. As the content of such a secondary service is derived from the primary literature, it is quite obvious that duplication and overlap of effort occurs in producing these information tools by essentially unlinked operations. The American Chemical Society (ACS) through its Books and Journals Division and its Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Division is developing direct interlinkage of the production systems for ACS primary and secondary publications and secondary services. Progress in this ACS program will be reviewed and the potential for interlinking the production processes of non-ACS primary publications and ACS secondary services will be discussed.
Vulvar Nodules: A Rare Presentation of Mastocytosis

Abstract Background Mastocytosis is a rare benign disorder characterized by the finding of mast cells in the skin and other organs, occurring in adult as well as pediatric age groups. The cutaneous form is the most common presentation in childhood and is rarely located on the vulva. Case A 9-year-old prepubertal girl presented with bilateral vulvar nodules found incidentally by her pediatrician. Biopsy and histopathologic review confirmed mastocytosis. Her lesions significantly diminished over the following year. Summary and Conclusion Mastocytosis should be on the differential for lesions on the vulva in children, in addition to the more common disorders such as condyloma acuminata and molluscum contagiosum. It is a benign condition in children, and conservative, symptomatic management is recommended.
The histopathology of Erdheim-Chester disease: a comprehensive review of a molecularly characterized cohort

Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare, non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis histologically characterized by multi-systemic proliferation of mature histiocytes in a background of inflammatory stroma. The disease can involve virtually any organ system; most commonly the bones, skin, retroperitoneum, heart, orbit, lung, and brain are affected. Although a histiocytic proliferation is the histological hallmark of the disease, a wide range of morphological appearances have been described as part of case studies or small series. A comprehensive review of histopathological features in clinically and molecularly defined Erdheim-Chester disease has yet to be characterized. To address this issue and help guide clinical practice, we comprehensively analyzed the pathological spectrum of Erdheim-Chester disease in a clinically and molecularly defined cohort. We reviewed 73 biopsies from 42 patients showing involvement by histiocytosis from a variety of organ systems, including bone (16), retroperitoneum (11), skin (19), orbit (6), brain (5), lung (6), cardiac structures (2), epidural soft tissue (3), oral cavity (2), subcutaneous soft tissue (2), and testis (2). In eight patients, one or more bone marrow biopsies were performed due to clinical indication and an accompanying myeloid neoplasm was detected in six of them. Thirty-eight cases were investigated for genetic abnormalities. Somatic mutations involving BRAF (25/38), MAP2K1 (6/38), ARAF (2/38), MAP2K2 (1/38), KRAS (1/38), and NRAS (1/38) genes were detected. One of the cases with a MAP2K1 mutation also harbored a PIK3CA mutation. We have observed marked heterogeneity in histology and immunophenotype, identified site-specific features, overlap with other histiocytic and myeloid disorders and potential diagnostic pitfalls. We hope that broadening the spectrum of recognized pathologic manifestations of Erdheim-Chester disease will help practicing clinicians and pathologists to diagnose Erdheim-Chester disease early in the disease course and manage these patients effectively.
The Structure of Shocks in the Very Local Interstellar Medium

The Voyager 1 magnetometer has detected several shock waves in the very local interstellar medium (VLISM). Interplanetary shock waves can be transmitted across the heliopause (HP) into the VLISM. The first in situ shock observed by Voyager 1 inside the VLISM was remarkably broad and had properties different than those of shocks inside the heliosphere. We present a model of the 2012 VLISM shock, which was observed to be a weak, quasi-perpendicular, low magnetosonic Mach number, low beta, and subcritical shock. Although the heliosphere is a collisionless environment, we show that the VLISM is collisional with respect to the thermal plasma, and that the thermal collisions introduce dissipative terms such as heat conduction and viscosity. The structure of the VLISM shock is determined by thermal proton–proton collisions. VLISM pickup ions (PUIs) do not introduce a significant pressure or dissipation through the shock transition, meaning that the VLISM shock is not mediated by PUIs but only by the thermal gas and magnetic field. Therefore, VLISM shocks are controlled by particle collisions and not by wave–particle interactions. We find that the weak VLISM shock is very broad with a thickness of about 0.12 au, corresponding to the characteristic thermal heat conduction scale length.
CRT-100.22 Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Presenting With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients presenting with myocardial infarction (MI). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes in MI. However, outcomes of PCI in AF patients presenting with MI remain largely unknown. We analyzed the Nationwide
Near-infrared Filament Conductivity in Multi-Filament Regime

Scaling of the electrical conductive properties of femtosecond laser filaments with energy is of significant interest. We observe that the formation of multiple filaments does not impede the increase of air conductivity with laser power.
Text Classification for Mining Massive Aviation Inspection Reports

There are massive numbers of aviation inspection reports collected each year in the USA. These reports record findings from aviation surveillance inspections as well as accident or incident investigations. The goal of this paper is to apply text classification to the mining of these reports, and to show that the text classification methodology can be a critical element of the aviation safety decision support system. The performances of several text classification models are evaluated in the context of mining aviation inspection reports. The evaluation is given in terms of misclassification rates. Further breakdowns of the misclassification rates and related findings from the dataset suggest ways for improving data quality and for gathering information which are more pertinent for filing inspection reports.
Symposium on Federalism at Work: State Criminal Law, Noncitizens and Immigration Related Activity - An Introduction

Over the course of the last few decades states have become much more aggressive about undertaking state regulation of undocumented migration. To some extent, states have pursued these efforts because of the perception that the federal government has not done enough to discourage or prevent undocumented migration. The federal government, however, since the early 1990s, has been devoting greater resources and attention to addressing the problem of undocumented migration. Notwithstanding the federal focus on immigration enforcement, in the past decade, states have sought to play a more active role in immigration enforcement and, in particular, in deterring or punishing undocumented or unauthorized migration. To some extent, federal immigration law facilitates cooperative state initiatives in law enforcement undertaken under federal supervision. Many state legislatures or municipalities unsatisfied with federal efforts, however, have gone further and enacted statutes that regulate immigration related activities or the status of being an undocumented or unauthorized non-citizen. One example is the ordinance adopted by the City of Hazleton, which among other things prohibited landlords from knowingly letting, leasing or renting a dwelling unit to an "illegal alien" and prohibited employment of undocumented aliens. Courts have enjoined the ordinance as preempted by federal law. More recently, states have enacted statutes that impose criminal sanctions on a variety of immigration related activity. Perhaps the most famous of these initiatives is Arizona’s SB 1070. A similar bill was introduced before the Louisiana legislature recently. That bill was unsuccessful but "at least one Louisiana legislator has promised to introduce a similar statute for adoption in Louisiana." This symposium at Loyola University New Orleans College of Law examined the role that state criminal law has or should have in the context of immigration, immigration related activities and unauthorized or undocumented migration.
A Conformation-Induced Oligomerization Model for B cell Receptor Microclustering and Signaling

The B cell receptor (BCR) generates both antigen-independent and dependent intracellular signals that are essential for B cell development and antibody responses against pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation of BCR signaling are not understood completely yet. The advent of new imaging technologies is allowing the earliest events in B cell signaling to be viewed both in vivo in lymphoid tissues and in vitro in living cells, in real-time, down to the single molecule level. Here we review recent progress in the use of these technologies to decipher the earliest events that follow B cell antigen recognition. Based on recent data using these techniques, we propose a model for the initiation of BCR signaling in which the binding of antigen induces a conformational change in the BCR’s extracellular domains leading to BCR oligomerization and signaling. We conclude that testing this model will require an in-depth understanding of the unique structural and organizational features of the BCR in the plasma membrane of living B cells in the presence and absence of antigen.
Knowledge acquisition by encoding expert rules versus computer induction from examples

In view of growing interest in the development of knowledge-based computer consulting systems for various problem domains, the problems of knowledge acquisition have special significance. Current methods of knowledge acquisition rely entirely on the direct representation of knowledge of experts, which usually is a very time and effort consuming task. The paper presents results from an experiment to compare the above method of knowledge acquisition with a method based on inductive learning from examples. The comparison was done in the context of developing rules for soybean disease diagnosis and has demonstrated an advantage of the inductively derived rules in performing a testing task (which involved diagnosing a few hundred cases of soybean diseases).
Influence of genetics on the nephritogenic potential of proteoglycans.

Nephritogenic potential of antibodies directed against one of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) components, i.e., heparan sulfate-proteoglycan (HS-PG), was investigated in different strain of rats, i.e., Brown Norway, Lewis, Long Evans, and Sprague-Dawley. The rats were given two intravenous injections of anti-HS-PG antibody on days 1 and 3, and killed 2 to 8 weeks later. Before killing, blood and urine were collected for determination of anti-rabbit IgG levels and excretion of proteins, respectively. In addition, the right kidney was perfused with 125I-anti-rat IgG to quantitate the amount of immune-complexes present within the GBM. The tissues were processed for morphologic, autoradiographic, and immunofluorescent studies. The anti-HS-PG antibody was seen uniformly bound to GBM equally in all strains of rats. However, the protein-uric response was as follows: Brown Norway much much greater than Lewis much greater than Long Evans greater than Sprague Dawley. Also, the glomerular cells, monocytes in the glomerular capillaries, immunoreactivity of rat IgG and C3 frequency of subepithelial immune deposits, serum levels of anti-rabbit IgG, and the amount of 125I-anti-rat IgG bound to the GBM were proportionately increased among different strains of rats. The data suggest that the sustained presence of anti-HS-PG antibodies in the subepithelial aspect of the GBM with differential humoral response in the production of the antibody by the host most likely attributed to the variable glomerular damage in different strains of rats. Thus, it seems that the genetic makeup of a given strain of rat heavily influences the nephritogenic potential of an antibody and consequentially the outcome of the immune complex-mediated glomerular injury.
Organic dust inhibits surfactant protein expression by reducing thyroid transcription factor-1 levels in human lung epithelial cells:

Exposure to organic dust is a risk factor for the development of respiratory diseases. Surfactant proteins (SP) reduce alveolar surface tension and modulate innate immune responses to control lung inflammation. Therefore, changes in SP levels could contribute to the development of organic-dust-induced respiratory diseases. Because information on the effects of organic dust on SP levels is lacking, we studied the effects of dust from a poultry farm on SP expression. We found that dust extract reduced SP-A and SP-B mRNA and protein levels in H441 human lung epithelial cells by inhibiting their promoter activities, but did not have any effect on SP-D protein levels. Dust extract also reduced SP-A and SP-C levels in primary human alveolar epithelial cells. The inhibitory effects were not due to LPS or protease activities present in dust extract or mediated via oxidative stress, but were dependent on a heat-labile factor(s). Thyroid transcription factor-1, a key transcriptional activator of SP expression, was reduced in dust-extract-treated cells, indicating that its down-regulation mediates inhibition of SP levels. Our study implies that down-regulation of SP levels by organic dust could contribute to the development of lung inflammation and respiratory diseases in humans.
What do family caregivers know about palliative care? Results from a national survey.

Objective Despite their key role in caring for individuals with serious, chronic illness, there have been no national studies examining family caregiver awareness and perceptions of palliative care. Hence, our objectives were to ascertain level of knowledge of palliative care among U.S. family caregivers and describe demographic variation in awareness and perceptions of palliative care. Method Using the 2018 National Cancer Institute Health Information National Trends Survey, we identified unpaid family caregivers caring or making healthcare decisions for someone with a medical, behavioral, disability, or other condition. Respondents were asked about their awareness of the term “palliative care” and, if aware, how much they agreed with statements representing common (mis)perceptions about palliative care (e.g., “Palliative care is the same as hospice”). Result More than one-half of caregivers (55%) had “never heard” of palliative care; 19.2% knew what palliative care was and “could explain it to someone else.” In adjusted models, racial minorities (vs. whites) and those without a college degree were less likely to have heard of palliative care. Among those aware of palliative care, ~40% “strongly” or “somewhat” agreed that “Palliative care is the same as hospice”; another 10.5% “didn't know.” Similarly, 40% reported that “When I think of palliative care, I automatically think of death.” Significance of results One-half of family caregivers of adults with serious chronic illness have never heard of palliative care. Even among those who had heard of palliative care, the majority do not distinguish it from hospice care and death. Given the role family caregivers may play in decisions to access palliative care, public messaging efforts are needed to clarify palliative care services in a way that is patient- and family-centered.