cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the caching and synchronization performance of a multiprocessor operating system

Good cache memory performance is essential to achieving high CPU utilization in shared-memory multiprocessors. While the performance of caches is determined by both application end operating system (OS ) references, most research has focused on the cache performance of applications afone. This is partiafly due to the difficulty of measuring OS activity and as a resrtl~ the cache performance of the OS is largely unknown. In this paper, we characterize the cache performance of a commercial System V UNIX rtrttrtittg on a four-CPU multiprocessor. The related issue of the performance impact of the OS synchronization activity is tdso stttdicd. For our study, we use a hardware monitor that records the cache misses in the machine without perturbing it. We study three multiprocessor workloads: a parallel Compilq a multiprogrsmmed load and a commercial database. Our results show that OS misses occur frequently enough to stall CPUS for 17-21 ‘Yoof their non-idle time. Further, if we include application misses induced by OS interference in the cache, then the SQU time reaches 25%. A detailed analysis reveals three major sources of OS misses: instruction fetehea, process migratiom and data accesses in block operations. As for synchronization behavior, we find that OS syncfrrordzation has low overhead if supported correctly end that OS locks show good locality and low contention.
Effect of technique on postoperative perineal wound infections in abdominoperineal resection

Abstract Background Perineal wound infection (PWI) after abdominoperineal resection causes a burden for patients and health systems. We sought to determine the effect of patient positioning on the incidence of postoperative surgical site infection. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent APR in our hospital system over a 10-year period. Univariate analysis was performed to identify characteristics associated with position and PWI. A logistic model was developed to assess the relationship of position and PWI, with adjustment for confounders. Results Patient characteristics were similar for the prone and lithotomy positions. Operative time was less for the prone than for the lithotomy position. The prone position was associated with a reduced risk of PWI. After adjustment for potential confounders, the prone position remained significantly associated with a reduction in PWI. Conclusions Positioning patients in the prone position results in a lower occurrence of postoperative PWI and shorter operative time. We advocate this technique for most indications of APR.
The surgical experience and a one to sixteen year follow-up of 277 abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Abstract Between 1960 and 1975, 277 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms were operated on at the West Virginia University Medical Center. One hundred ninety-three aneurysms were intact lesions and eighty-four were ruptured. Operative mortality for elective resection was 8.8 per cent and for ruptured aneurysms 66.7 per cent. Mortality associated with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms was best related to shock and advanced age. Ninety-nine per cent of patients underwent long-term follow-up which ranged from thirteen months to thirteen years and four months (mean, 4 years and 9 months). At present 61 per cent of patients surviving elective resection and 50 per cent of those surviving operation for ruptured aneurysm are alive.
On the bias in flexible functional forms and an essentially unbiased form: The fourier flexible form☆

Abstract The Fourier flexible form and its derived expenditure system are introduced. Subject to smoothness conditions on the consumer's true indirect utility function, the consumer's true expenditure system must be of the Fourier form over the region of interest in an empirical investigation. Arbitrarily accurate finite parameter approximations of the consumer's true expenditure system are obtained by dropping all high-order terms of the Fourier expenditure system past an appropriate truncation point. The resulting finite parametersystem is tractable in empirical studies. The reader who is primarily interested in applications need only read the second and fifth sections. The remainder of the article is concerned with the verification of these claims and an investigation of some aspects of the bias in Translog specifications.
Sequence requirement and subtype specificity in the high‐affinity interaction between human frizzled and dishevelled proteins

Members of the Wnt family of lipoglycoproteins initiate signaling by binding to Frizzled (Fz) receptors, and the signal is then relayed by Disheveled (Dvl). The Dvl PDZ domain is known to interact directly with a peptide derived from the KTXXXW motif of Fz7, which is conserved in all known Fz subtypes. We found that an extended region spanning the KTXXXW motif on both its N-terminal and C-terminal sides dramatically influences the affinity of peptides derived from Fz7 for Dvl PDZ. An alanine scanning study identified the specific residues external to the KTXXXW motif that are important for high-affinity binding. In a circular dichroism analysis, mutation of some of these critical residues resulted in peptide conformational changes, suggesting that the secondary structure of the peptides contributes to Fz-Dvl PDZ binding. Of the 10 known Fz subtypes, peptides derived from only Fz1, Fz2, Fz3, Fz4, and Fz7 directly bound to Dvl PDZ domain in our study. Other Fz subtypes, including some known to be involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling (Fz5, Fz9), did not bind to Dvl, suggesting that direct interaction with Dvl PDZ does not determine the subtype-specific functionality of Fz. Molecular modeling and circular dichroism studies indicated that the Fz peptides that bind to Dvl PDZ domain form specific conformations that are different from those of nonbinding peptides.
Complexity classes of equivalence problems revisited

To determine if two lists of numbers are the same set, we sort both lists and see if we get the same result. The sorted list is a canonical form for the equivalence relation of set equality. Other canonical forms arise in graph isomorphism algorithms. To determine if two graphs are cospectral (have the same eigenvalues), we compute their characteristic polynomials and see if they are equal; the characteristic polynomial is a complete invariant for cospectrality. Finally, an equivalence relation may be decidable in P without either a complete invariant or canonical form. Blass and Gurevich (1984) asked whether these conditions on equivalence relations-having an FP canonical form, having an FP complete invariant, and being in P-are distinct. They showed that this question requires non-relativizing techniques to resolve. We extend their results, and give new connections to probabilistic and quantum computation.
Structure and Expression of a Chicken Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Precursor

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a 70 amino acid growth-promoting polypeptide whose sequence and functions have been highly conserved among mammals. As an initial step in defining the role of IGF-I in other vertebrate species, we have isolated and characterized an IGF-I cDNA from the chicken. This cDNA encodes a 153 amino acid primary translation product which resembles in structure and sequence the IGF-IA protein of mammals. There is strong amino acid conservation between chicken and mammalian IGF-I throughout the entire protein. Sixty of 70 amino acids are identical in mature IGF-I among the chicken, rat, and human peptides, with five differences being localized to the C domain, and two to the D region. A comparable degree of amino acid identity is found in the COOH-terminal extension peptide (28/35 residues). At the NH2-terminus, where there is more amino acid divergence (32/48 identities), the most 5'-AUG codon is the only methionine residue conserved among all three species, suggesting that it functions as the authentic translation initiation site, an observation supported by cell-free studies of biosynthesis and cotranslational proteolytic processing. The pattern of IGF-I gene expression appears to be simpler in chickens than in mammals, since a single predominant mRNA of 2.6 kilobases can be detected in liver polyadenylated RNA on Northern blots. In the chicken, as in rats and humans, IGF-I mRNA is synthesized in multiple tissues, including liver, brain, skeletal muscle, and heart.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Topdown Algorithm for Computation of Level Line Trees

We introduce an optimal topdown algorithm for computing and representing level line trees of 2-D intensity images. The running time of the algorithm is , where is the size of the input image and is the total length of all level lines. The properties of level line trees are also investigated. The efficiency of the algorithm is illustrated by experiments on images of different sizes and scenes.
Recurrent intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the right middle finger treated with radiation therapy

We describe a case of recurrent intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia involving the middle finger which was successfully-treated with photon and proton radiotherapy following two previous surgical excisions.
Crab trapping causes population decline and demographic changes in diamondback terrapins over two decades

Diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) are thought to be declining throughout their range. Although many factors have been proposed to contribute to terrapin declines, including increased predation of nests and adults, habitat loss and degradation, road mortality, commercial harvest for food, and mortality as bycatch in crab traps, few studies have provided evidence linking these agents to population declines. Because male and small female terrapins are most susceptible to mortality in crab traps, population declines should coincide with shifts in the age and size distributions of the population and a shift to a more female-biased sex ratio. We used twenty-one years of mark-recapture data (>2800 captures of 1399 individuals) from a declining diamondback terrapin population in South Carolina to test the prediction that the decline is the result of mortality in crab traps. Since the 1980s, the modal size of both male and female terrapins has increased substantially and the proportion that are females is higher than in earlier samples. Additionally, the population now contains more old and fewer young individuals than before. The changes in demography and sex ratio we observed suggest that this terrapin population has declined as a result of selective mortality of smaller individuals in crab traps. The use of bycatch-reduction devices on crab traps may help prevent terrapins from entering the traps, but current models are too large to prevent mortality of males and many females in this population. Future research should focus on design and testing of effective bycatch-reduction devices for specific regions and other methods to prevent terrapin mortality in crab traps.
Micronutrient Changes in Colonies of the Ant Temnothorax curvispinosus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) during the Colony Cycle

To gain a better understanding of micronutrient distribution, and how this relates to growth and survival of a social insect colony, this study focused on micronutrient levels within colonies of the ant Temnothorax curvispinosus Mayr during four periods of the colony cycleN1) Pre-Repro- ductive, Reproductive, Pre-Winter, and Winter. Ten colonies were collected from the Þeld monthly and were analyzed for levels of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, and Zn. Several overall trends were noted. 1) A general loss of some micronutrients within the workers and queens, and the colony as a whole in the Winter Period. 2) Levels of Mg and Mn increased during the Pre-Reproductive and Reproductive Periods in workers and queens while levels of Ca and Zn only increase in the queens during these periods. 3) Levels of K peaked in the Pre-Winter Period in workers and queens while levels of Na only increased in workers during this period. 4) Levels of Mn were lower in alates than the workers, queens, or brood during the reproductive period. The potential reasons for the observed patterns are discussed.
Neural Networks Versus Logit Regression Model For Predicting Financial Distress Response Variables

Neural networks are designed to detect complex relationships among variables better than traditional statistical methods. Our study examined whether the complexity of the response measure impacts whether logistic regression or a neural network produces the highest classification accuracy for financially distressed firms. We compared results obtained from the two methods for a four state response variable and a dichotomous response variable. Our results suggest that neural networks are not superior to logistic regression models for the traditional dichotomous response variable, but are superior for the more complex financial distress response variable.
Asymmetric Volatility, Skewness, and Downside Risk in Different Asset Classes: Evidence from Futures Markets

This study examines the cross-sectional variation of futures returns from different asset classes. The monthly returns are positively correlated with downside risk and negatively correlated with coskewness. The asymmetric volatility effect generates negatively skewed returns. Assets with high coskewness and low downside betas provide hedges against market downside risk and offer low returns. The high returns offered by assets with low coskewness and high downside betas are a risk premium for bearing downside risk. The asset pricing model that incorporates downside risk partially explains the futures returns. The results indicate a unified risk perspective to jointly price different asset classes.
High, intermittent dose of all-trans retinoic acid in combination with alpha-interferon for advanced multiple myeloma.

Retinoids appear to have anti-proliferative effects on multiple myeloma lines. All trans retinoic acid (ATRA) given at high dose according to an intermittent schedule has better pharmacokinetically sustained levels. We studied 10 patients with relapsed/refractory MM who were treated with ATRA and interferon (IFN). We failed to demonstrate that this combination has clinically significant activity. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor was not downregulated by ATRA in the patients we studied. Significant hematologic and neurotoxicity were encountered. This regimen of intermittent ATRA and IFN is ineffective and poorly tolerated.
Weak Links and Planar Defects in Superconducting Cuprates

In the new cuprate superconductors weak links are the reasons for deterioration of the -super- conducting properties. These weak links are classified according to their conductivity. indicating that insulating cuprate surface layers are the origin of weak links.
The clinical pharmacology of THAM [tris(hydroxymethyUami nomethane]

Experimental and clinical studies have demonstmted that THAM is an effective titrating agent because of its buffering capacity, low toxicity, and mpid elimination. THAM has been used for the correction of acute acidosis during cardiac operation and extra corporeal circulation, cardiac arrest, and massive transfusions with ACD blood. Its use in chronic espiratory acidosis should be restricted to the acute decompensated phase and should be accompanied by mechanical ventilation. Other clinical indications for THAM administration include salicylate and barbiturate intoxication and the metabolic acidosis of diabetes. It is most effective when administered intravenously as a O.3M solution in amounts calculated to titrate excess acid in extracellular fluid. THAM can be given orally as a salt in combination with a weak acid such as citrate. In this form, it is a gastric antacid and will also produce systemic alkalinization.
Sympathetic control of the dog's nasal blood vessels.

SummaryWhile recording from a nasal plethysmograph, cervical sympathetic fibers to the nose were stimulated with a square wave current of varying frequencies. The other current characteristics were kept constant. Our results indicate that increasing the frequency of stimulation from 4/min to 10/sec caused a change in nasal vasoconstrictor response of approximately the full range from minimal to maximal. A frequency of only 2/sec caused a moderately strong vasocon-striction, when many cervical sympathetic nerve fibers were stimulated simultaneously.
An Instrument for Sectioning Poultry Heads to Collect Pituitary Glands

Abstract This note describes the construction and use of an instrument for rapidly sectioning large numbers of poultry heads to collect their pituitary glands.
Stress-induced peptide release from rat intermediate pituitary. An ultrastructural analysis.

We tested the hypothesis that acute restraint stress results in ultrastructural evidence for enhanced release of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and β-endorphin from the intermediate lobe (IL) of the rat pituitary. Measurements of plasma α-MSH-and β-endorphin-immunoreactivity (ir) were used to confirm ultrastructural findings. Plasma α-MSH-ir was elevated after 20 and 30 min of restraint while plasma β-endorphin-ir peaked 10 min after the onset of restraint. Ultrastructural analysis revealed a decrease in the content of secretory granules within IL cells of stressed rats. Analysis of Golgi-related immature secretory granules in IL cells indicated that new peptide synthesis was not enhanced after 30 min of restraint. These results confirm previous studies showing and elevation of plasma β-endorphin and α-MSH-ir during acute restraint. Furthermore, these results indicate that quantitative analysis at the ultrastructural level can be used to assess peptide release from IL secretory cells during stress.
Analysis of an Untethered Micro-Photonic Wall Pressure Sensor

In this paper, we carry out numerical experiments to study and optimize the design of an untethered flexible wall pressure sensor. The sensing element is a micro-scale spherical dyedoped polymer that is embedded in a thin polymeric slab. When the spherical dye-doped polymer is optically pumped the morphology dependent resonances (MDR) are observed through the scattered light. These resonances are very sensitive to any perturbation of the morphology of the resonator. Thus small changes in the amplitude of the external pressure acting on the polymeric slab induce change in the morphology of the micro-scale laser leading to a shift in the position of the optical resonances. This in turn is related to the applied external pressure. By tracking the shift of the MDRs the wall pressure acting on the polymeric slab can be measured. Here we present the results of some numerical experiments to investigate the effect of geometry, size and materials on the performance of the sensor such as sensitivity and resolution. Also preliminary experiments are presented to demonstrate the MDR shift induced by an external hydrostatic pressure.
Aerodynamic Optimization Using Physics-Based Response Surface Methodology for a Multi-Mission Morphing Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles

The most distinguishable advantage of a morphing unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV) is its ability to adapt to the dissimilar phases of reconnaissance missions involving subsonic loiter and supersonic dash. Effective UCAV configurations are necessarily unconventional, leading to atypical design issues that arise early in the design phases of such an aircraft. As a result, traditional design methods that rely solely on historical data and legacy codes are not viable options. Instead, a physics-based design approach where higher fidelity tools are brought forward into the conceptual design phase is implemented. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is utilized to effectively bring the physics-based knowledge to the early design stages as well as to allow for the exploration of the design space through a parametric design study. As a first step toward generating the meta-models needed in RSM, geometric models are generated in accordance with a Design of Experiments (DoE) using Rapid Aircraft Modeler (RAM). Drag polars are then created through the use of such linearized codes as VORLAX, BDAP, and AWAVE. These drag polars are regressed to obtain the coefficients for the terms in the equation for total drag. The result of these regressions is a set of Response Surface Equations (RSE’s) that parameterize the overall drag in terms of geometry design variables. The aircraft design is then optimized using the RSE’s to minimize overall drag. The optimal design represents the most suitable compromise between the hunter and killer modes for the proposed mission.
Abstract B28: Racial/ethnic differences in the association of obesity with hepatocellular carcinoma risk

The increasing trend of obesity is suggested to have contributed to the increasing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence rates in the United States. However, no studies have examined whether the association between obesity and HCC differs across racial/ethnic groups. We examined body mass index (BMI) in relation to HCC risk in two large prospective cohort studies: the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). Between the two cohorts, a total of 637 incident HCC cases (86 Whites, 165 Blacks, 36 Native Hawaiians, 177 Japanese Americans, and 173 Latinos) were identified. BMI and other known HCC risk factor information were assessed from the baseline questionnaire (MEC: 1993-1996; SCCS: 2002-2009). The association between BMI and HCC incidence was examined using a nested case-control approach with four matched controls per case (MEC: 536 cases/2,131 controls; SCCS: 101 cases/404 controls). Conditional logistic regression, accounting for the matching factors was used to calculate multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident HCC in relation to BMI ( 2 , or per 5 kg/m 2 ) in each racial/ethnic group. Additional covariates such as smoking status, diabetes, and alcohol intake were included in the models. Increasing BMI was associated with an elevated HCC risk in Japanese Americans (OR per 5 kg/m 2 increase in BMI=1.69; 95% CI: 1.31, 2.16), Whites (OR=1.34; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.82), Native Hawaiians, (OR=1.23; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.89), and Latinos (OR=1.15; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.40), but not in Blacks in the MEC (OR=0.92; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.22) or in the SCCS (OR =0.93; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.15). The combined OR for Blacks across the two cohorts was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.10; P heterogeneity=0.95). The association of BMI with HCC differed significantly across racial/ethnic groups (P heterogeneity=0.003). Our results suggest that the association of obesity, as measured by BMI, with HCC incidence varies across racial/ethnic groups. The null association in Blacks is particularly interesting and warrants further investigation. Citation Format: Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Loren Lipworth, Lynne R. Wilkens, Loic Le Marchand, William J. Blot, Brian E. Henderson. Racial/ethnic differences in the association of obesity with hepatocellular carcinoma risk. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B28.
The Double-Movement Model of Forgiveness in Buddhist and Christian Rituals

We off er a model of moral reform and regeneration that involves a wrong-doer making two movements: on the one hand, he identifi es with himself as the one who did the act, while he also intentionally moves away from that self (or set of desires and intentions) and moves toward a transformed identity. We see this model at work in the formal practice of contrition and reform in Christian and Buddhist rites. Th is paper is part of a broader project we are undertaking on the philosophy of forgiveness.
‘A cloud burst erupts’: visual rhetoric and Los Angeles’ Grand Intervention

This paper critically examines proposals for a new park in downtown Los Angeles in light of emerging theories of visual rhetoric. It asks what narratives emerged from a public and unauthorized design competition and the implication of these stories for the future of public space in Los Angeles. As a group, the submissions introduced three visions for the future of the park: it is a place for solitude, a place for digital engagement and a place that celebrates a voyeuristic type of display.
Combined Particulated Juvenile Cartilage Allograft Transplantation and Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Symptomatic Chondral Defects in the Setting of Recurrent Patellar Instability

Successful management of patellar osteochondral lesions has proved difficult, with unreliable outcomes reported using traditional cartilage repair and restoration procedures. Unique considerations for this type of defect include the multiplanar contours of the articular surface of the patella, high compressive and shear forces with knee range of motion that may disrupt graft healing, and the potential need for concomitant surgery to address patellar malalignment and instability. We describe our preferred method for treatment of a symptomatic chondral defect in the setting of recurrent patellar instability using particulated juvenile articular cartilage allograft transplantation and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with semitendinosus allograft. Distinct advantages of this cartilage restoration technique include single-stage restoration of relevant cartilage pathology and the ability to easily contour the graft to the size and shape of the chondral defect.
‘Raising righteous billionaires’: The prosperity gospel reconsidered

How should we think of development within an ideological format in which individual subjects are abstracted from the constraints and necessities of social policy and the political structure? Using this question as a spark, this article critically deconstructs the Pentecostal prosperity gospel in Africa. Two overlapping arguments are advanced. One is that, in atomising the individual, Pentecostal prosperity gospel discounts power relations and the political, effectively dislocating the individual believer from the social matrix within which his or her agency is forged. Secondly, it is suggested that this attitude towards both the individual and the state puts Pentecostalism firmly within the orbit of neoliberalism. This article leverages this affinity for an understanding of how neoliberal ideas and conceptions of wealth, accumulation and self-actualisation are embedded and reproduced in Pentecostalism. It concludes that, because, on the one hand, it has no lever – historical or philosophical – on which it might be grounded, and on the other hand, since it has developed no cogent political economy to speak of, prosperity gospel, nay Pentecostal spirituality, offers no realistic path out of the African economic crisis.
A Content Analysis of Online Retailers' use of Environmental Claims in Apparel Product Descriptions.

A solid understanding of the environmental claims retailers are currently making in the marketplace is essential for designing further research studies in this area. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental claims that retailers are making in their apparel product descriptions on their websites.
Flexible CFD simulation model of a thin vapor chamber for mobile applications

Heat loads produced by electronics in mobile devices affect the external temperature distribution, which users perceive. During the design phase of a product, these distributions have to be taken into account. Simulation provides a way to try different design approaches quickly. Vapor chambers are thin heat spreaders that offer very high spreading capabilities without adding too much thickness to a low profile device. The heat spreading makes the external temperature more uniform. To simulate a vapor chamber fully would require simulation of phase changes and rapid mass flows in a very thin volume. This kind of detailed simulation is cumbersome in a system level model. Therefore, a simpler model would be useful. A few of these exist but the goal in this work was to develop a behavioral approach which would model the vapor chamber as a single object in the system model.
Assessment of the impact of lane width on arterial crashes

As agencies consider strategies for meeting the livability goals (e.g., public health, mobility, and access) of communities, they often repurpose the existing right-of-way of arterials to meet traf...
Abstract P6-11-14: Src homology 2 domain containing transforming protein 1 and steroid receptor coactivator-3 as novel targets for triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of breast cancer cases and is more prevalent among young women and African American women. Metastasis and chemoresistance remain significant challenges in TNBC. The development of targeted therapies for TNBC may dramatically improve the survival of patients and the quality of life. An adaptor protein, Src Homology 2 Domain Containing Transforming Protein 1 (SHC1) and steroid receptor coactivator-3 (NCOA3) are found to be overexpressed in breast cancers and important in the regulation of tumor progression and metastasis and drug resistance in ER+ breast cancer. The elevated SHC1 or NCOA3 correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. However, the biological significance of SHC1 and NCOA3 in TNBC is not well known. In this study, we performed siRNA-mediated knockdown to determine the importance of SHC1 and NCOA3 in the cell proliferation and death of TNBC. The effect of siSHC1 or siNCOA3 on the invasion and chemoresistance was also assayed in vitro. We found that although SHC1 and NCOA3 knockdown slightly inhibited the tumor growth of TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231, BT549, and HS578T), siSHC1 + paclitaxel and siNCOA3 + paclitaxel significantly decreased cell proliferation and increased caspase-3/7 activity in vitro, compared to drug alone. In vivo studies using MDA-MB-231 xenografts and a TNBC PDX model also showed that siSHC1 and siNCOA3 significantly augmented paclitaxel-induced tumor shrinkage. In invasion assays, SHC1 and NCOA3 knockdown significantly decreased the invasion of TNBC cells. These results suggest that targeting SHC1 and NCOA3 is worth investigating for the treatment of TNBC. Citation Format: Chang Y-F, Wang Y, Greene GL. Src homology 2 domain containing transforming protein 1 and steroid receptor coactivator-3 as novel targets for triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-11-14.
Synaptic properties of the lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways to the mouse somatosensory thalamus.

Somatosensory information is thought to arrive in thalamus through two glutamatergic routes called the lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways via the ventral posterior medial (VPm) and posterior medial (POm) nuclei. Here we challenge the view that these pathways functionally represent parallel information routes. Using electrical stimulation and an optogenetic approach in brain slices from the mouse, we investigated the synaptic properties of the lemniscal and paralemniscal input to VPm and POm. Stimulation of the lemniscal pathway produced class 1, or “driver,” responses in VPm relay cells, which is consistent with this being an information-bearing channel. However, stimulation of the paralemniscal pathway produced two distinct types of responses in POm relay cells: class 1 (driver) responses in 29% of the cells, and class 2, or “modulator,” responses in the rest. Our data suggest that, unlike the lemniscal pathway, the paralemniscal one is not homogenous and that it is primarily modulatory. This finding requires major rethinking regarding the routes of somatosensory information to cortex and suggests that the paralemniscal route is chiefly involved in modulatory functions rather than simply being an information route parallel to the lemniscal channel.
White Matter Degradation is Associated with Reduced Financial Capacity in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

Financial capacity (FC) is a cognitively complex activity of daily living that declines in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), limiting an individual's ability to manage one's finances and function independently. The neural underpinnings of this decline in function are poorly understood but likely involve age-related and disease-related degradation across structural networks. The purpose of the current study was to determine if altered white matter integrity is associated with declining FC in persons with MCI and AD compared to older controls. Individuals with MCI due to AD (n = 31), mild dementia (n = 39), and cognitively healthy older adults (n = 60) were administered a neuropsychological battery including the FC Instrument, a performance-based measure of FC. All 130 participants also underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) upon which tract-based spatial statistics were performed. Both FC and white matter integrity decreased in accordance with disease severity with little to no effect in healthy elderly, significant effects in MCI, and greater effects in AD. Regional white matter degradation (increased diffusivities and decreased fractional anisotropy) was associated with reduced FC in both MCI and AD groups even after controlling for age, education, and gender. Specifically, in MCI, decreased fractional anisotropy, but not increased diffusivities, was associated with poorer FC in widespread cingulo-parietal-frontal and temporo-occipital areas. In AD, rather than anisotropy, increased mean and axial diffusivities in anterior cingulate, callosum, and frontal areas associated with poorer FC. These findings suggest a severity gradient of white matter degradation across DTI metrics and AD stages that predict declining financial skill and knowledge.
Family Planning for Sexual Minority Women.

The family planning needs of sexual minority women (SMW) are an understudied but growing area of research. SMW have family planning needs, both similar to and distinct from their exclusively heterosexual peers. Specifically, SMW experience unintended pregnancies at higher rates than their exclusively heterosexual peers, but factors that increase this risk are not well understood. Contraception use is not uncommon among SMW, but lesbian women are less likely to use contraception than bisexual or exclusively heterosexual women. High rates of unintended pregnancy suggest contraception is underused among SMW. Contraception counseling guidelines specific to SMW do not yet exist, but greater adoption of current best practices is likely to meet the needs of SMW. SMW may have unique needs for their planned pregnancies as well, for which obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) providers should provide care and referrals. In general, understandings of the distinct family planning needs for SMW are limited and further research is needed, with particular attention to issues of overlapping health disparities related to status as a SMW and other factors such as race/ethnicity that may add additional layers of stigma and discrimination. Clinical resources are needed to help Ob/Gyns make their practice more welcoming to the needs of SMW.
Material truths: reconsidering historical costumes and the rise of the director

This article offers a fresh look at historical costume design in nineteenth-century productions of Shakespeare, in England and Germany, in light of recent critical theory about the power of objects on stage. Using case studies from Charles Kean and the Meininger Theatre, it explores how costumes conveyed different kinds of ‘truth’, and examines the tensions between historicism, spectacle, and theatre. I argue that early directors drew on the popularity and authority of historically accurate costume-objects to blur the boundary between highbrow and lowbrow theatre. Charles Kemble and Kean used historical costumes to legitimate lavish spectacle on stage, under the guise of education; Georg II of Saxe-Meiningen went a step further, often using historical costumes but ultimately making a case for the dramaturgical value of all aspects of design, whether accurate or abstract. Further, I suggest that we reconsider the emerging relationship between directors, text, and design, arguing for the importance ...
Why Are Norms Ignored? Collective Action and the Privacy Commons

Informational privacy is the ability to govern when others may collect your information and how they may use it. Norms can, and do, provide such governance, as Helen Nissenbaum’s seminal work shows. The relevant norms are informational norms, social norms that govern the collection, use, and distribution of information. With noteworthy exceptions (Woodrow Hartzog and Neil Richards, for example), contemporary discussions of privacy rarely mention informational norms, or at best assign them a peripheral role. We claim they should play a central role. Our argument is that ensuring adequate informational privacy is (at least in part) a collective action problem. Norms can, and often do, solve collective action problems. Further, informational norms currently do solve a wide range of important collective action problems centered around privacy. Shouldn’t informational norms take center stage in proposals about informational privacy? We argue they should by answering three objections to giving them that role. (1) Lack of norms: Rapid advances in technology have created a wide variety of situations for which are not governed by relevant norms. (2) Disagreement about norms: Even if relevant norms exist, lack of agreement about their content makes them a poor foundation on which to build public policy. (3) Lack of an adequate theory: Even if norms exist and their content is uncontroversial, norms are a poor tool for public policy because there is no adequate theory that allows one to make accurate predictions about the causes and effects of norms. The first two objections have relatively easy answers. The third is fundamental. We outline a theory that treats norm-created informational privacy as a commons—a special kind of commons, a common pool resource. We thereby link norm-created privacy to a rich body of empirical and theoretical work. We hope the resulting theory of norm-created governance of information flows contributes to the understanding of privacy that Neil Richards and Jonathan King call for in Big Data Ethics: “privacy in the age of big data should be . . . understood as the need to expand the rules we use to govern the flows of personal information.”
Fungal Viruses and Killer Factors (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

The purpose of this paper is to provide some details on the molecular biology of the killer factor of yeast and to discuss information subsequent to the last two reviews (Pietras and Bruenn, 1976; Wickner, 1976a). Certain strains of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are called killers because they secrete a toxin that at low pH kills other (sensitive) strains of the same species (Makower, 1963). Colonies can be tested for killing ability by replica plating on solid medium (pH 4.7), on which a confluent lawn of a sensitive indicator strain has been seeded. Killing will be visualized as a zone of clearing in the lawn surrounding the printed colony (Fig. 1).
A test of a person -- issue contingent model of ethical decision making in organizations

Despite the existence of a large number of models to explain the ethical decision-making process, rarely have the models been tested. This research validated the use of such models by showing that both issue-contingent variables and individual characteristics affect two commonly-proposed model components: i.e., moral judgment and moral intent. As proposed by Jones' (1991) ethical decision-making model and elaborated on by the author, the main effect of an issue-contingent variable, social consensus, and a closely-related variable, seriousness of consequences, influenced both moral judgment and moral intent. Many ethical decision-making models also argue for the inclusion of individual characteristics in the decision-making process. This study proposed and found that the individual characteristics of rule orientation and denial of responsibility influenced moral judgment and moral intent, respectively. However, contrary to some models, interactions between issue-contingent variables and individual characteristics were insignificant relative to the main effects variables. The relationships found have implications for future model testing, as well as for practising managers.
FRETting over postsynaptic PKC signaling.

Protein kinases are key regulators of excitatory synapse plasticity. In this issue, using novel optical reporters of protein kinase C (PKC) activity, Colgan et al. identify PKCα as critical for integrating NMDA receptor and neurotrophin signaling to control dendritic spine structural plasticity, synaptic potentiation, and learning and memory.
Complex-valued Time Series Modeling for Improved Activation Detection in fMRI Studies

A complex-valued data-based model with pth order autoregressive errors and general real/imaginary error covariance structure is proposed as an alternative to the commonly-used magnitude-only data-based autoregressive model for fMRI time series. Likelihood-ratio-test-based activation statistics are derived for both models and compared for experimental and simulated data. For a dataset from a right-hand finger-tapping experiment, the activation map obtained using complex-valued modeling more clearly identifies the primary activation region (left functional central sulcus) than the magnitude-only model. Such improved accuracy in mapping the left functional central sulcus has important implications in neurosurgical planning for tumor and epilepsy patients. Additionally, we develop magnitude and phase detrending procedures for complex-valued time series and examine the effect of spatial smoothing. These methods improve the power of complex-valued data-based activation statistics. Our results advocate for the use of the complex-valued data and the modeling of its dependence structures as a more efficient and reliable tool in fMRI experiments over the current practice of using only magnitude-valued datasets.
Historical Perspective and Current Focus

In the beginning days of blood banking, surgeons would call imperiously for “fresh whole blood” recognizing its superior restorative properties over banked blood. Since then technological advances have made it possible to break down the therapeutic elements of fresh blood into their constituent platelets, red cells, plasma, and clotting factors, and through apheresis, blood bankers can even provide granulocytes, lymphocytes, progenitors, and stem cells. The component therapy concept is so widely accepted that we cease to think it as being unusual. Curiously, and in contrast, transplant physicians have been slower to apply a component therapy approach to their practice. Even today the majority of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), whether from the bone marrow, peripheral blood, or cord blood, is as unmanipulated as the “fresh whole blood” beloved of our surgeons of the past. Nevertheless, the attractions of a component therapy approach to HCT are many including but not limited to (1) T-cell depletion by selection of CD34+ cells, which can reduce GvHD, and (2) infused donor lymphocytes which can improve engraftment and treat leukemic relapse. Careful studies in the 1990s determined the doses of CD34+ cells and lymphocytes in the graft that led to the best outcomes, and donor lymphocyte infusion doses were calibrated to achieve graft-versus-leukemia effects with minimal graft-versus-host disease (see Chap. 6).
Ego-Motion Estimate Corruption Due to Violations of the Range Flow Constraint

Visual odometry methods are increasingly being used to estimate a vehicle's ego-motion from range data due to the decreasing cost of range sensors and the impressive speed and accuracy of visual odometry techniques. Dense geometry-based visual odometry methods are fundamentally based on the range flow constraint equation, an equation which depends on the temporal and spatial derivatives of range images. However, these derivatives are calculated with the fundamental assumption that the range flow is magnitude-limited. When scaling this method for faster vehicles, this assumption could be violated, invaliding the range flow constraint equation and thus corrupting the resulting ego-motion estimates. This paper derives the sensor, motion, environment, and sampling frequency conditions that would mathematically violate the range flow constraint. This information is useful for defining the operational limits of dense geometry-based visual odometry methods.
Spatial Power Combiner Using Cavity Modes in W-Band

In this paper, we report on a new 6-way MMIC power combiner amplifier utilizing cavity modes. The combiner is designed around a square cavity operating in the TM320 electromagnetic mode. Such a configuration produces a total of 6 lobes of maximum field intensity inside the cavity. By placing probes (attached to MMIC amplifier chips) in alignment with the points of maximum field strength, a highly compact power combiner can be achieved. We illustrate this concept using a set of 1 Watt W-band GaN MMIC chips, placed in layered copper sheets and oriented so the MMICs line up with the regions of maximum field strength. A 6-way power combiner was built and was able to deliver 5.5 Watts of output power and 13.4% PAE using a miniature package.
Radiological diagnostics of lumbar spine fractures

Die Lendenwirbelsaule (LWS) bildet den unteren Abschluss des beweglichen Teils des Achsenskeletts und ist aufgrund ihres anatomischen Aufbaus besonders den Flexions- und Hyperextensionskraften ausgesetzt, wobei insbesondere der thorakolumbale Ubergang eine Haufung traumatischer Lasionen aufweist. Zur Klassifikation thorakolumbaler Frakturen wird gegenwartig die AO Spine-Klassifikation eingesetzt, die neben der bekannten, auf die Magerl-Klassifikation zuruckgehende Frakturmorphologie auch neurologische Kriterien und sog. „clinical modifiers“ (z. B. ankylosierte Wirbelsaule) einschliest. Die konventionelle Radiographie behalt zwar ihren Stellenwert als Diagnostikum der ersten Wahl bei Niedrig-Energietraumen, wohingegen die CT die entscheidende diagnostische Modalitat sowohl beim Polytrauma als auch zur Abklarung aller unklaren oder diskrepanten knochernen Befunde darstellt. Aber auch die MRT gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung sowohl zur Beurteilung der diskoligamentaren Integritat als auch der intraspinalen Situation. Beide Modalitaten gehen unmittelbar in die AO Spine-Klassifikation ein. Bezuglich der Frakturmorphologie werden 3 Typen (A–C) unterschieden, deren wesentliches Kriterium das jeweilige Stabilitatsverhalten darstellt. C‑Verletzungen sind prinzipiell instabil, wobei aktuell jede mogliche Alignmentabweichung hierunter subsummiert wird. Verletzungen der ventralen und dorsalen Zuggurtung stellen ebenfalls stabilitatskompromittierende Befunde dar (B-Verletzungen). Abschliesend werden die speziellen Frakturpathomorphologika an der ankylosierten und osteoporotischen wie auch an der kindlichen LWS besprochen sowie eine Reihe von Differenzialdiagnosen (maligne Frakturen, Anomalien, Normvarianten) diskutiert.