cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simplified liquid chromatographic assay for epoxide hydrolase.

A simplified liquid chromatographic assay for epoxide hydrolase (E.C. 3.3.2.3) is described. The enzyme substrate employed, 3-(p-nitrophenoxy)-1,2-propene oxide, is commercially available and is readily resolved by reversed-phase liquid chromatography from the enzymatic hydration product, 3-(p-nitrophenoxy)-1,2-propane diol. As little as 100 pmol of the diol can be detected by absorbance monitoring at 315 nm. This assay has been employed to measure epoxide hydrolase in rat liver microsomes from animals treated with the dietary antioxidant, 2(3)-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, a known inducer of the enzyme. The assay can also be used to measure rat liver cytosolic epoxide hydrolase.
Long-term HIV dynamic models incorporating drug adherence and resistance to treatment for prediction of virological responses

Long-term therapy with antiretroviral (ARV) agents in HIV-infected patients often results in failure to suppress the viral load. Imperfect adherence and drug susceptibility to prescribed antiviral drugs are important factors explaining the resurgence of virus. A better understanding of the factors responsible for the virological failure is critical for the development of new treatment strategies. In this paper, we develop a mechanism-based reparameterized differential equation model for characterizing long-term viral dynamics with ARV therapy. In this model we directly incorporate drug susceptibility and drug adherence (measured by medication event monitoring system (MEMS) and questionnaires) into a function of treatment efficacy. A Bayesian nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach is investigated for estimating dynamic parameters by fitting the model to viral load data from an AIDS clinical trial. The effects of drug adherence interaction with drug resistance-based models are compared using (i) the sum of the squared residual (SSR) from individual subjects and (ii) the deviance information criterion (DIC), a Bayesian version of the classical deviance for model assessment, designed from complex hierarchical model settings. The results indicate that the drug adherence combined with confounding factor, drug resistance in viral dynamic modeling significantly predict virologic responses. Our study suggests that long-term reparameterized dynamic models are powerful and effective in establishing a relationship of antiviral responses with drug adherence and susceptibility.
Molecular Tweezers: Synthetic Receptors for π-Sandwich Complexation of Aromatic Substrates

The design and synthesis of a new class of synthetic “receptors” for aromatic substrates is described. Known as “molecular tweezers,” these receptors are shown to form very stable “sandwich complexes” with π-deficient aromatic substrates in organic solvents. The second π-stacking interaction plays a critical role in the complexation - analogous mono-chromophores bind only very weakly. Some of the electronic and structural features required for high complex stability have been elucidated. A molecular tweezer containing a carboxylic acid group in its binding cleft has also been synthesized. This receptor has been shown to form a very stable inclusion complex with 9- propyladenine in chloroform solution. Spectroscopic data and studies with adenine analogues suggest a complex containing two hydrogen bonds from the receptor to N-6 and N-7 of adenine and π-stacking interactions between the tweezer and the nucleotide base.
Buckling Instabilities in Coupled Nanoscale Structures

We consider the bending of two nanotubes coupled together with van der Waal forces acting transverse to the axis, and subject to axial loads. The nanotubes are modeled as elastica while the interaction forces are derived from a Lennard-Jones 12-6 potential. The elastica are assumed to be a fixed distance apart at their ends, not necessarily equal to the equilibrium distance as identified from the Lennard-Jones potential. Therefore, the equilibrium configuration is not necessarily straight. As the compressive axial force increases, the beams can undergo buckling instability and the critical load depends not only on the material properties of the structure, but the geometry of the system as well. The continuum model is subjected to a Galerkin reduction to develop a reduced set of equations that can be used to calculate the equilibrium configuration of the system as well as the stability of these configurations. We show that the buckling instability in this model is significantly affected by the presence of the interaction force as well as the separation of the nanotubes at their ends.© 2005 ASME
Imipramine and 2-hydroxyimipramine: comparative cardiotoxicity and pharmacokinetics in swine.

The hemodynamic, cardiographic, and initial pharmacokinetic characteristics of the de novo administration of the 2-hydroxymetabolite (2-OH-IMI) of imipramine (IMI), compared with its parent was studied in a swine preparation. Cardiac output, arterial pressure, and the continuous electrocardiogram were assessed after the intravenous administration of the drug or its metabolite. Plasma, sampled over 120 min and CSF sampled at 60 min were analyzed by reverse phase HPLC with spectroflurometric detection. Equilibrium dialyses were performed on plasma sampled at 60 min. 2-OH-IMI, in doses of 5–6 mg/kg, compared to dosages of IMI up to 8.5 mg/kg, produced a significantly greater incidence of life-threatening arrhythmias, and caused profound and significant decreases in blood pressure and cardiac output. 2-OH-IMI had a smaller volume of distribution (Vd) and shorter half-life. CNS penetration, as estimated by CSF/plasma ratios, was significantly greater for 2-OH-IMI. These phenomena were partly accounted for by significantly less protein binding for the hydroxymetabolite. It is concluded that 2-OH-IMI has increased penetrance into the CNS despite a smaller Vd and that it is significantly more cardiotoxic than its parent.
Optimization under uncertainty of a composite fabrication process using a deterministic one-stage approach

Abstract Process design under uncertainty has received considerable attention in recent years, and has led to the development of several modeling and solution approaches. These approaches are broadly categorized under stochastic formulations (model parameters with probability distributions), multiperiod formulations (where uncertain parameters are discretized into a number of deterministic realizations), and parametric programming formulations. This paper presents an application of the one-stage optimization problem (OSOP), a multiperiod method, to find optimal cure temperature cycle design under uncertainty for polymer-matrix composites fabrication using the pultrusion process. The process is governed by a highly non-linear system of partial differential-algebraic equations. The OSOP method is also systematically compared with a sampling-based approach in terms of computational efficiency and solution quality. Most work done so far using such deterministic methods has focused on problems where the performance objective function (often cost) and process constraints are analytic/algebraic in nature. In contrast, in materials processing simulations, evaluation of the objective function and the process constraints are based on the solution of differential-algebraic equations (DAE).
Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Thyroidectomy for Follicular Neoplasm: Is There an Advantage Over Conventional Thyroidectomy?

Background Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) is safe and effective for selected patients, but its advantages are not clearly defined. Results of MIVAT for follicular neoplasms at a single institution were retrospectively evaluated to define its advantages or disadvantages.
Fibrosarcoma complicating polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

I n 1937 Fuller Albright? described a triad of pathologic manifestations which today is known as Albright’s syndrome. The triad includes (1) multiple bone lesions which have a tendency to be unilateral, (2) brown pigmented areas of the skin which tend to be on the same side as the bone lesions, and (3) endocrine dysfunction which, in females, is associated with precocious puberty. The disease had been reported on a number of occasions prior to 1937, but under different names.3l lop 12* I43 17-lgs 23y =* 311 341 3B The first report was published in 1922 by Wei13’ under the title “Precocious Puberty and Bone Brittleness.” Many reports found in the literature since that time81 11~ 16y 20-22~ 25p 2gl 3op 32f 38 refer to the condition as Albright’s syndrome; however, the newer name of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia24 is a more descriptive term and has become more generally accepted. The cause of the condition is unknown, but the fibrocystic bone lesions are probably the result of altered activity of the specific bone-forming mesenchyme. This concept, proposed by Lichtenstein,24 does not, however, account for the occurrence of pigmentation, the tendency for the condition to be unilateral, or the endocrine dysfunction. A more likely explanation may be the one hypothesized by Furst and Shapiro,13 namely, that in fibrous dysplasia there is a hypothalamic lesion in the region of the third ventricle which produces secondary disturbances in the anterior lobe of the pituitary, resulting in abnormal stimulation of its various component trophic hormones. The condition with which polyostotic fibrous dysplasia is most often confused is hyperparathyroidism. Furst and Shapiro,13 in their review of seventy-one cases reported in the literature, found that parathyroid exploration had been performed in 18.3 per cent of the cases because of an erroneous diagnosis of hyper-
Preservation of pristine titanomagnetite in older ocean-floor basalts and its significance for paleointensity studies

Transmission electron microscopy observations and rock magnetic measurements reveal that alteration of fine- and large-grained iron-titanium oxides can occur at different rates. Fine-grained titanomagnetite occurs as a crystallization product within interstitial glass that originated as an immiscible liquid within a fully differentiated melt; in several samples with ages to 32 Ma it displays very little or no oxidation ( z ≈ 0). In contrast, samples with ages of 10 Ma or older are observed to also contain highly oxidized ( z ≥ 0.66) large-grained titanomaghemite. These large grains, having originated by direct crystallization from melt, are associated with pore space. Such pore space can serve as a conduit for fluids that promote alteration, whereas fine grains may have been “armored” against alteration by the glass matrix in which they are embedded. Apparently, alteration of oceanic crust is a heterogeneous process on a microscopic scale. The existence of pristine, fine-grained titanomagnetite in the interstitial glass of older ocean-floor basalts that have undergone significant alteration implies that such glassy material is capable of carrying original thermal remanent magnetization and may be suitable for paleointensity determinations.
The prognostic value of cardiac SPECT performed at the primary care physician’s office

The prognostic value of single-photon emission computed-tomography (SPECT)-myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is well documented. However, the utility of SPECT-MPI when performed at a low-volume primary care physician’s (PCP's) office is unknown. We conducted a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients referred by their PCP to undergo a stress-MPI at the PCP's office using a mobile laboratory. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) of death, myocardial infarction (MI), and coronary revascularization were prospectively tabulated using mail and telephone interviews, chart review, and social security death index. One thousand three hundred ninety subjects [mean age 58 ± 13 years; 44% women] were followed for 27 ± 9 months, with a 99% complete follow-up rate. Subjects with abnormal MPI [174 (12.5%)] had significantly higher rates of all-cause mortality [5.2% vs 1.0%, P 60 days post-MPI) [12.6 vs 2.7%, P < .001]. Overall MACE risk was associated with the total perfusion abnormality burden, while the revascularization rate was related to the reversible perfusion abnormality burden. Contemporary SPECT-MPI performed in the setting of a PCP's office carries a robust prognostic value, similar to that reported in tertiary or large-volume practice settings.
The F1Π-A′1Π(0, 0) and B1Π-A′1Π(1, 0) Green-Band transitions of CaO

Abstract The observation and analysis of the F1Π←A′1Π(0, 0) and B1Π←A′1Π(1, 0) Green-Band transitions of CaO are reported. The significance of the F1Π state for a ligand field, atomic-ion-in-molecule model of the global electronic structure of CaO is discussed. A J-dependent perturbation in F1Π (v=0) is attributed to interaction with D1Δ (v=4) and B1Π (v=1). Fitted constants for the previously unobserved F1Π state are (in cm−1): T 0 26 794.711 (19) B 0 0.3384 (13) D 4.14(20) × 10−7 q −3.94(13) × 10−5 with 1 σ uncertainties in parentheses.
Conservation and variability of wheat α/β-gliadin genes

We have sequenced two genomic clones for wheat alpha/beta-gliadin storage protein genes. Comparison with a known sequence reveals close homology between the three and confirms the previously suspected evolutionary relatedness of members of this gliadin family. The coding region can be divided into six domains. Two unusual structures were found within this region: (i) The P-boxes which are composed of 12 codons, six of which are for proline, that are tandemly repeated four or five times; and (ii) Two polyglutamine stretches which consist of 18-22 tandemly repeated glutamine codons in one case, and 7-28 in the second. Analysis of the P-box structures revealed that certain mutations were probably present in the hypothetical ancestral alpha/beta-gliadin gene prior to gene multiplication. None of the genes have introns. All of the genes appear to contain typical eukaryotic promoters and also possess the double polyadenylation signal of plants.
EVALUATING THE POLICE: A COMPARISON OF BLACK STREET AND HOUSEHOLD RESPONDENTS

A study which obtained black street respondents as well as black household respondents, who are the only respondents obtained in surveys by other investigators, reveals some noteworthy differences from earlier findings on the relationship between social status and attitudes toward and experiences with the police.
The distinction between introduction of a new nomen and subsequent use of a previously introduced nomen in zoological nomenclature

In order to avoid or at least reduce the number of mistakes and confusions due to the indiscriminate use of imprecise categories and terms which too often occur in publications dealing with zoological nomenclature, a precise terminology is provided for the distinction between different categories of terms designating the erection of new taxa and their subsequent modification , and the introduction of new nomina, their subsequent use or modification , and their replacement by other nomina.
Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma of the lung: a clinicopathological study.

Abstract Thirty-nine patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma were reviewed. The primary lung tumor from 27 patients was examined and divided by histological criteria into three categories. The type 1 pattern was associated with a mean survival of 4.7 years. A mean survival of 3.8 years was attained in patients with type 2. Patients with the type 3 pattern had an average survival of 1.4 years. There was a statistically significant difference in survival when types 1 and 2 together were compared with type 3 ( p
You are the danger: attenuated insula response in methamphetamine users during aversive interoceptive decision-making.

Background Drug dependent individuals often make drug-taking decisions when they do not feel well. Yet, few studies have examined the influence of an aversive state on decision-making related neural processing.
Toroidal geometry: Novel three-dimensional intracardiac imaging with a phased-array transducer

Abstract Recent advances in small, linear-array transducers have opened new avenues for three-dimensional image acquisition from an intracardiac approach. The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel method of image acquisition using toroidal geometry, explore its fidelity of reproduction of three-dimensional cardiac anatomy, and determine whether a whole-heart scan is achievable. Acquisition was accomplished through 360-degree incremental rotation of a rigid endoscope with a side-mounted ultrasound transducer. The procedure was first tested with the use of a gelatin model to define far-field slice resolution with 1.8-degree rotational increments. Comparison of three-dimensional scans of cardiac specimens with corresponding photographs confirmed that toroidal geometry can provide a high-quality display of structures from all sides. We conclude that whole-heart three-dimensional scanning from within the cardiac chambers is possible with toroidal geometry. The quality of depicted anatomy depends on transducer location within the heart, distance from the transducer, density of slices, and image resolution. The potential of intracardiac three-dimensional ultrasound imaging includes detailed spatial evaluation of cardiac morphology, determination of appropriate placement of investigative or therapeutic devices (catheters, closure devices, etc.), and assessment of cardiac function. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1997;10:493-8.)
Current status of fetal MRI

Technical improvements in MRI acquisition have enabled imaging of the fetus with both high resolution and virtually no fetal motion artifact. Fetal MRI is useful for resolving equivocal ultrasonography results. MRI findings may assist in prenatal counseling and in assessing the need for intervention before, during and after delivery. In this review, we present the current uses and potential future applications of fetal MRI.
Ketoconazole in Systemic Mycoses

Excerpt Needed information on the use of ketoconazole in treating several kinds of systemic mycoses that do not involve the central nervous system is provided by Dismukes and associates in this iss...
Parameter estimation of the Weibull probability distribution

Abstract Newton—Raphson's method plays a fundamental role in the maximum likelihood estimation of the two parameters of the Weibull probability distribution. It is well known that the method depends on the initial point of the iterative process and the iteration does not always converge. In the present article, we introduce an effective iterative procedure for estimating the subject parameter. Our proposed method always converges and does not depend on the initial point of the iteration. It will also be shown by numerical examples that our method converges faster than the popular Newton—Raphson method.
Socially Desirable Responding in Computerized Questionnaires: When Questionnaire Purpose Matters More Than the Mode1

The impact of questionnaire purpose (job screening interview vs. consumer survey) and the impact of questionnaire mode (paper-and-pencil vs. computer) on multiple measures of socially desirable responding (SDR) were examined. Students (N= 85) participated in experimental job screening (high SDR demand) and consumer survey (low SDR demand) conditions. Dependent measures included the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale and the impression management subscale of the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, Version 6. Significant questionnaire purpose effects suggest one possible, context-related explanation for mixed SDR findings between earlier experiments. Mode effects were nonsignificant, adding further evidence of paper-and-pencil and computer equivalence with respect to SDR.
Retinal vascular accidents in glaucoma and ocular hypertension

Abstract The incidence of primary open angle glaucoma in patients with central retinal vein occulusion is reported to be between 5.7 and 66%, while that of primary angle closure glaucoma is from 0 to 9%. (Corrected for the relative incidence of these two types of glaucoma in the general population, these rates are comparable.) There appears to be a causal relationship between elevated intraocular pressure and central retinal vein occlusion, which does not correlate with the height to which the pressure is elevated. Other etiologic factors may be important, particularly arteriosclerosis. The association between elevated pressure and branch vein occlusion is less clear. Central vein occlusions occur in 3.5 to 5% of patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Similarly, central vein occlusions occur in approximately 3% of patients with ocular hypertension. It is recommended that ocular hypertensive patients over the age of 65 be treated to lower their pressure below 25 mm Hg.
Engineers of the world unite: An integrated course on embedded systems and social movements

This paper presents the design, implementation, and reflections of students and faculty of an innovative integrated course (taught in Spring 2012) that combined seemingly disparate topics from engineering and the humanities. The primary goal of the course was to promote the growth of intrinsically motivated students who internalize the value of their technical work, connect their technical work to societal contexts, and cognitively engage in their own learning process. The faculty designed a high-level framework for the new integrated course on embedded systems and social movements by implementing an autonomy-supportive, context-rich engineering educational experience. This framework focused on several elements of course design: (1) identification of broad, competency-based learning goals for the integrated course block, (2) development of learning activities that supported broad goals such as communication, contextual awareness, and self-directed learning, and (3) selection of assessment methods aligned with broad competency goals and supportive of cross-disciplinary collaboration. Students were attracted to the self-direction designed into the course and reported greater awareness and understanding of the societal impacts of technology.
THE ACCUMULATION AND THE RELEASE OF DIVALENT CATIONS ACROSS MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANES

transport in the presence of valinomycin, and the presence of the uncouplers, 2,4-dinitrophenol and oleic acid. The results indicate that plant mitochondria are not permanent deposit sites for divalent cation and Pi salts but, rather, function as temporary sequestering sites for these ions. It is suggested that mitochondria may play a role in the control of the movement as well as a regulation of the concentrations of these ions within the cell.
Psychiatric Diagnostic Evaluation of Mentally Retarded Individuals

Abstract. Techniques useful in psychiatric diagnostic assessment of mentally retarded children and adolescents are described. The diagnostic evaluation is a comprehensive process integrating environmental, biological, cognitive, and psychodynamic findings. Physician bias, patient anxiety, and family defensiveness may hamper the evaluation. A directive and supportive approach is necessary in interviewing the retarded patient. Problems typically presented by retarded individuals in various developmental stages are reviewed and representative cases described. Psychiatric symptoms are interpreted in the context of the patient's biological, cognitive, and psychosocial handicap, rather than of a normal child's development. Treatment recommendations include as necessary psychotherapeutic, educational, and rehabilitative intervention. The psychiatrist frequently acts as coordinator of the treatment plan
The error bound of the perturbation of the Drazin inverse

Abstract Let A and E be n × n matrices and B = A + E . Denote the Drazin inverse of A by A D . In this paper we give an upper bound for the relative error ∥ B D − A D ∥/∥ A D ∥ 2 and a lower bound for ∥ B D ∥ 2 under certain circumstances. The continuity properties and the derivative of the Drazin inverse are also considered.
Management of a small bowel transplant with complicated central venous access in a patient with asymptomatic superior and inferior vena cava obstruction

During the past few years, small bowel transplantation (SBT) has become a realistic alternative for patients with irreversible intestinal failure who have or will develop severe complications from total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Transplantation can be associated with large fluid shifts and massive blood loss necessitating rapid infusions of large quantities of crystalloid and/or blood products. Invasive monitoring and large-bore venous access are necessary in order to manage these patients intraoperatively. Because patients with irreversible intestinal failure are often managed with total parenteral nutrition via a central venous catheter, thrombotic intraluminal obstruction of major vessels may develop over time. Additionally, this may lead to superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome as well as challenging problems with vascular access. We present a 34-year-old woman with a past medical history for long-standing Crohn's disease with multiple small bowel resections and short gut syndrome who presented for an SBT. The patient had a long history of TPN use, complicated by SVC syndrome and inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction. She was presently asymptomatic from her SVC obstruction. Central venous access was obtained by an interventional radiologist. A 7-French double-lumen Hickman minicatheter was placed in the left femoral vein with the tip of the catheter positioned just distal to the IVC narrowing. A left radial 20-gauge arterial line was placed for hemodynamic monitoring and frequent blood sampling. The patient's left and right dorsal-saphenous veins were cannulated with 16-guage catheters and adequate flow was observed. Lower extremity pressure was measured via the Hickman catheter in the left femoral vein. A multiplane transesophageal echo was used to assess ventricular volume. The options and intraoperative management of such patients are discussed.
Frequent mutations in the MITF pathway in melanoma

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is involved in melanocyte cell development, pigmentation and neoplasia. To determine whether MITF is somatically mutated in melanoma, we compared the sequence of MITF from primary and metastatic lesions to patient-matched normal DNA. In the 50 metastatic melanoma tumor lines analysed, we discovered four samples that had genomic amplifications of MITF and four that had MITF mutations in the regions encoding the transactivation, DNA binding or basic, helix-loop-helix domains. Sequence analysis for SOX10, a transcription factor, which both acts upstream of MITF and synergizes with MITF, identified an additional three samples with frameshift or nonsense mutations. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and SOX10 were found to be mutated in a mutually exclusive fashion, possibly suggesting disruption in a common genetic pathway. Taken together we found that over 20% of the metastatic melanoma cases had alterations in the MITF pathway. We show that the MITF pathway is also altered in primary melanomas: 2/26 demonstrated mutations in MITF and 6/55 demonstrated mutations in SOX10. Our findings suggest that altered MITF function during melanomagenesis can be achieved by MITF amplification, MITF single base substitutions or by mutation of its regulator SOX10.
Eliminating redundant object code

Compilers usually eliminate common subexpressions in intermediate code, not object code. This reduces machine-dependence but misses the machine-dependent common subexpressions introduced by the last phases of code expansion. This paper describes a machine-independent procedure for eliminating machine-specific common subexpressions. It also identifies dead variables, defines windows for a companion peephole optimizer, and forms the basis of a retargetable register allocator. Its techniques for handling machine-specific data should generalize to other optimizations as well.
First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum on Persimmon Fruit in the United States.

Persimmon trees are important for their fruit as well as their colorful fruit and foliage in the fall. Persimmon fruit (Japanese persimmon, Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) were collected in November 2008 from a tree in Windsor, NC, located in the Coastal Plain. Fruit were not symptomatic on the tree but developed dark lesions after harvest. Isolations from six fruit yielded seven isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum J. H. Simmonds. After incubation at 25°C under continuous light for 15 days on potato dextrose agar (PDA), all isolates had gray aerial mycelium, but the inverse sides of the plates of six isolates were maroon and one was beige. Masses of salmon-colored conidia were formed first in the center of the colonies, then were observed scattered across the colonies in older cultures. Conidia were hyaline, one-celled, elliptic with one or both ends pointed, and measured 8.1 to 16.3 × 3.1 to 5 μm. Setae and sclerotia were not observed. There were also dark structures measuring 1 to 10 mm that were partially emb...
La etnografía del enfrentamiento cristiano-musulmán en las crónicas cristianas de la España medieval (siglos VIII-XIII)

(2006). La etnografia del enfrentamiento cristiano-musulman en las cronicas cristianas de la Espana medieval (siglos VIII-XIII) Romance Quarterly: Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 243-251.
Long-term results following proximal row carpectomy☆

The functional outcome, patient satisfaction, and x-ray film status for 23 wrists were examined an average of 6 years following proximal row carpectomy. Surgery was performed for Kienbock's disease, scapholunate dissociation with periscaphoid arthritis, and scaphoid nonunion not suitable for bone grafting. Twenty patients were satisfied with functional performance and pain relief. Wrist flexion-extension arc averaged 74 degrees, or 61%, of the opposite wrist at a later examination. Grip strength, corrected dor dominance, averaged 79% of the opposite side, reflecting an average improvement of 15 kg force. Radiocarpal arthritis developed in three wrists, but only one required arthrodesis for pain relief. The majority of patients experienced satisfactory pain relief, functional wrist motion, and effective grip strength following proximal row carpectomy. The results did not decline at an average of 6 years after surgery.
Volatile Chemical Compounds in Dry‐Cured Hamsa,b

SUMMARY Volatile compounds isolated from dry-cured hams were tentatively identified by gas chromatography retention times and further verification of the compounds made by infrared spectroscopy. These compounds were as follows: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, acetone, diacetyl, methyl ethyl ketone, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and isocaproic acid. RF values and selective indicators were used to identify ammonia and methylamine. Selective trapping was used to identify hydrogen sulfide and trace amounts of disulfides and/or monosulfides.
Weyl Curvature, Del Pezzo Surfaces, and Almost-Kähler Geometry

If a smooth compact \(4\)-manifold \(M\) admits a Kahler–Einstein metric \(g\) of positive scalar curvature, Gursky (Ann Math 148:315–337, 1998) showed that its conformal class \([g]\) is an absolute minimizer of the Weyl functional among all conformal classes with positive Yamabe constant. Here we prove that, with the same hypotheses, \([g]\) also minimizes of the Weyl functional on a different open set of conformal classes, most of which have negative Yamabe constant. An analogous minimization result is then proved for Einstein metrics \(g\) which are Hermitian, but not Kahler.
Illustrating positive psychology concepts through service learning: Penn teaches resilience

We describe an undergraduate service-learning research course in which undergraduates are trained to disseminate an intervention designed to promote resilience and well-being in middle-school youth. The course provides undergraduates with an opportunity for active and collaborative learning in psychology and serves as a new model for the wide-scale dissemination of evidence-based prevention programs through supervised undergraduates. We provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the course, along with some thoughts about ways that readers might implement something similar at their own institutions, using the Penn Resiliency Program or other related interventions.
Students' collaborative note-taking activities while using electronic and paper-based enhanced guided notes: Viewed from metacognitive and social network perspectives

Previous studies suggested that the implementation of note-taking strategies impacted students' learning process and performance. Research also suggested that collaborative learning facilitates students to learn from different views of interpreting information. The objective of this study was to investigate students' metacognitive skills and social networks while using electronic and paper-based enhanced guided notes. Students' worked in groups of three or four to complete the EGN. The impact of the collaborative note-taking activities on the students' collaboration processes was examined using social network analysis. Our findings revealed that students' cognitive and metacognitive strategies between electronic and paper-based EGN groups were relatively similar. Our data analysis of students' social networks revealed two clusters of students, high and low groups that represented the level of students' connectivity in a collaborations network. The findings suggested that the high group outperformed students in the low group in the use of cognitive, monitoring, and regulating strategies. Implications of the use of collaborative note-taking in engineering classroom will be discussed.
Nucleated red blood cells: An update on the marker for fetal asphyxia

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to update our experience with nucleated red blood cells as a marker for fetal asphyxia and to determine whether a relationship exists between the presence of nucleated red blood cells and long-term neurologic impairment. STUDY DESIGN: Nucleated red blood cell data from 153 singleton term neurologically impaired neonates were compared with cord blood nucleated red blood cells of 83 term nonasphyxiated newborns. Newborns with anemia, intrauterine growth restriction, and maternal diabetes were excluded. The group of neurologically impaired neonates was separated into the following subgroups: group I, persistent nonreactive fetal heart rate pattern from admission to delivery ( n = 69); group II, reactive fetal heart rate on admission followed by tachycardia with decelerations and absent variability ( n = 47); group III, reactive fetal heart rate on admission followed by an acute prolonged deceleration ( n = 37). The first and highest nucleated red blood cell value and the time of nucleated red blood cell disappearance were assessed. RESULTS: The mean number of initial nucleated red blood cells was significantly higher in the group of neurologically impaired neonates (30.3 ± 77.5, range 0 to 732 per 100 white blood cells) than in the control group (3.4 ± 3.0, range 0 to 12 per 100 white blood cells) ( p p ≤ 0.000002). Maximum nucleated red blood cell values were higher in group I (mean 51.5 ± 108.9) than in groups II and III combined (mean 12.7 ± 11.9) ( p = 0.0005). Group I also had a longer clearance time (119 ± 123 hours) than groups II and III combined (mean 59 ± 64 hours) ( p CONCLUSION: Our ongoing study indicates that nucleated red blood cells identify the presence of fetal asphyxia. When fetal asphyxia is present, distinct nucleated red blood cell patterns are observed that relate to the timing of fetal injury. In general, intrapartum injuries are associated with lower nucleated red blood cell values. Thus our data continue to support the concept that nucleated red blood cell levels may assist in determining the timing of fetal neurologic injury. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:843-6.)
THE RISE OF THE COURT ARTIST: CAVALLINI AND GIOTTO IN FOURTEENTH‐CENTURY NAPLES

This article explores the ways in which the Roman artist Pietro Cavallini and the Florentine artist Giotto were received in Naples and subsequently influenced Neapolitan art. Using documents and monuments, it analyses their contribution to the artistic and political image of the Neapolitan court. A number of scholars have based their assessment of the oeuvres of Cavallini and Giotto on the writings of Lorenzo Ghiberti and Giorgio Vasari, circa one hundred and two hundred and fifty years, respectively, after the artists lived. This article considers the stylistic, aesthetic, technological and political reasons for the appointment of Cavallini and Giotto to the Angevin court, and the subsequent spread of their style in Naples. As Martin Warnke has discussed in The Court Artist (first published in German in 1985), the late medieval court gave dignities to an artist that affected his reputation. The evidence of this article indicates that the court of Naples in the fourteenth century recognized each artist's individual identity and influence, thus affirming his image and thereby promoting its own.
Safety of MRI in patients with implanted deep brain stimulation devices.

Abstract Objective: To survey the safety of MRI in PD patients implanted with DBS devices. Background: MRI in patients with DBS implants is useful to confirm electrode placement, optimize programming and investigating complications. However, several medical centers do not perform MRI studies in DBS patients because of safety concerns. The safety profile of MRI in DBS patients has not been documented in large clinical series. Methods: 42 NPF Centers of Excellence (COEs) were asked to complete a questionnaire on MRI use and DBS. Results: Investigators from 40 of 42 (95%) NPF COEs completed the survey and 23 (58%) reported that they were currently performing brain MRI in DBS patients, while 3 (7.5%) had done it in the past. The 17 COEs currently not performing post-operative MRI for DBS listed the following reasons: 1) industry guidelines and/or warnings (53%); 2) decision deferred to outside department (29%); 3) liability/risk/safety (18%); 4) no active DBS program (18%); 5) no available MRI (12%); and 6) insurance and reimbursement concerns (6%). A total of 3304 PD patients with one or more DBS leads had a brain MRI scan, and 177 DBS patients had MRI of other body regions. In one case MRI was associated with an IPG failure without neurological sequelae after IPG replacement. No other complications were reported. Conclusions: these data provide evidence for a favorable risk/benefit ratio for brain MRI in patients with DBS implants. Further studies will need to address whether a re-assessment of more restrictive recommendations (i.e. very low SAR values) may be warranted.
A low-loss quartz-based cross-coupled filter integrated onto low-resistivity silicon

This paper presents a 10-GHz cross-coupled bandpass filter integrated onto low-resistivity silicon. The filter is fabricated on a quartz substrate and then mounted onto the silicon using benzocyclobutene and inverted microstrip interconnects. The approach enables the integration of low-loss distributed microwave components onto CMOS-grade Si substrates while occupying a small effective footprint on the silicon. Experimental and theoretical results are given for 10-GHz filters integrated onto a 10-/spl Omega//spl middot/cm silicon substrate.
Activation of the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Arrests Cell Cycle Progression and Differentiation of Immature Thymocytes in Vivo

The development of T cells in the thymus is coordinated by cell-specific gene expression programs that involve multiple transcription factors and signaling pathways. Here, we show that the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway is strictly regulated during the differentiation of CD4−CD8− thymocytes. Persistent activation of p38 MAP kinase blocks fetal thymocyte development at the CD25+CD44− stage in vivo, and results in the lack of T cells in the peripheral immune system of adult mice. Inactivation of p38 MAP kinase is required for further differentiation of these cells into CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. The arrest of cell cycle in mitosis is partially responsible for the blockade of differentiation. Therefore, the p38 MAP kinase pathway is a critical regulatory element of differentiation and proliferation during the early stages of in vivo thymocyte development.
Characteristic point maps

Extremely dense spatial sampling is often needed to prevent aliasing when rendering objects with high frequency variations in geometry and reflectance. To accelerate the rendering process, we introduce characteristic point maps (CPMs), a hierarchy of view-independent points, which are chosen to preserve the appearance of the original model across different scales. In preprocessing, randomized matrix column sampling is used to reduce an initial dense sampling to a minimum number of characteristic points with associated weights. In rendering, the reflected radiance is computed using a weighted average of reflectances from characteristic points. Unlike existing techniques, our approach requires no restrictions on the original geometry or reflectance functions.
LANDSCAPE HISTORY, FRAGMENTATION, AND PATCH OCCUPANCY: MODELS FOR A FOREST BIRD WITH LIMITED DISPERSAL

We developed and tested patch occupancy models for an endemic understory bird with limited dispersal ability, the Chucao Tapaculo (Scelorchilus rubecula), in two South American temperate rain forest landscapes that differed in levels and duration of forest loss. We assessed cover changes since 1961 in each landscape and surveyed patches for Chucao Tapaculo occupancy. We then developed incidence-based predictive models independently for each landscape and tested each model reciprocally in the alternative study area. We thereby assessed the domain of model applicability and identified those predictor variables with general effects and those that varied between the two landscapes. The two models were consistent regarding variable selection, and predictive accuracy of each model was high in the landscape where training data were collected. However, the models differed substantially in the magnitudes of effects related to patch size, with larger unoccupied patches observed in the landscape with the more advanced stage of fragmentation. Due to this discrepancy, each model performed poorly when applied to the alternative landscape, potentially reflecting the contrasting stages of habitat loss. Although it was impossible to dissociate effects of level and duration of forest loss, we viewed the landscapes as representing two extremes along a continuum of fragmentation, providing insights into potential trajectories for portions of the biome where deforestation is occurring. Further, our data suggest that static equilibrium models developed from distribution patterns in recently fragmented landscapes may overestimate persistence when used as a forecasting tool, or when extrapolated to alternative landscapes where fragmentation is more advanced. Thus, we suggest that landscapes used as standards for model building should be selected with caution. We recommend that distribution patterns be obtained from landscapes where fragmentation is advanced, preferably with histories of fragmentation long enough that time-delayed extinctions already would have occurred.
Quantifying trends in system sustainability

Abstract This paper focuses on the measurement of the relative sustainability of renewable water resource systems. Being able to quantify sustainability makes it possible to compare alternative plans and policies, and to include sustainability as one of the multiple objectives to be considered when making decisions regarding the design and operation of these systems. Commonly used measures of reliability, resilience and vulnerability, based on subjective judgements concerning what is acceptable or unacceptable with respect to multiple system performance indicators, are combined into an index and used as a measure of changes in relative system sustainability over time.
Opportunism and Menus of Two-Part Tariffs

We show that a menu of two-part tariffs can solve the opportunism problem identified by McAfee and Schwartz (1994) in vertical games with sequential contracting, provided the sunk costs incurred by the first firm to invest are not too large. If the seller were to engage in opportunism with a second firm in an attempt to shift rents from the first firm, the first firm could mitigate the dissipation of its rents by choosing from its menu of contract options the tariff with the higher marginal price and lower fixed fee. The prospect of the first firm’s choosing the ‘wrong’ two-part tariff in the event of opportunism is, in some environments, sufficient to make opportunism unprofi table for the seller.
Biosocial models of demographic behavior: An introduction

A workshop on biosocial models of demographic behavior was organized to provide information to members of the Social Sciences and Population Study Section (SSP), the group entrusted by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) with the responsibility for conducting the first level of peer review of demographic applications submitted to NIH for possible funding. Some of the variables studies by demographers are biological, e.g., fertility, fecundity, morbidity, and mortality, so demographers are not unaware of biological variables. However, they tend to treat biological variables as something to be explained by social, economic, and psychological factors rather than to be integrated into an explanatory paradigm. This workshop contains papers that focus upon various stages of the life cycle and explore the importance of biosocial variables in explaining selected aspects of human behavior.
A packet-switched multihop lightwave network using subcarrier and wavelength division multiplexing

We propose a new architecture for a high-speed packet-switched metropolitan-area lightwave network using a combination of wavelength division multiplexing over fiber and subcarrier multiplexing within each wavelength. Each station transmits on a fixed-wavelength (that may also be used by some other stations) at any one of many available subcarrier frequencies within that wavelength, and receives on some fixed wavelength and fixed subcarrier frequency. Rapid tuning between subcarrier frequencies allows a station to transmit packets to all stations that receive on some subcarrier channel on its transmit wavelength. Packets intended for stations that do not receive on the wavelength of the transmitting station must be routed through intermediate stations. By avoiding rapid tuning between wavelengths, we realise a practical multihop architecture for packet switching with one optical transmitter shared among many stations and one optical receiver per station. This architecture imposes a constraint on the multihop connectivity pattern in the network since all stations using a common transmit wavelength send packets directly to the same set of other stations. The same constraint is applicable to shared-channel multihop networks with a single transmitter and receiver per station. We introduce the notion of "clusterable" directed graphs to represent the connectivity patterns that are possible, and using the properties of these graphs, show that nodes can be added to and removed from the network with minimal disruption to the other nodes. We show that some well-known multihop topologies such as shufflenets and de Bruijn graphs are clusterable. Power budget calculations indicate the feasibility of a 32-wavelength network with five 200 Mb/s FSK subcarrier channels on each wavelength. Our throughput calculations indicate that such a network could support 160 stations with a throughput per station of 44 Mb/s. >
On the prediction of a band-limited signal from past samples

An alternate proof is given of a recent result due to A. Papoulis on predicting the current value of a wide-sense stationary band-limited random process in terms of its past samples. The possibility of such prediction is shown to be equivalent to the completeness of a certain set of complex exponentials on an interval, a property that also allows extension to the prediction of deterministic band-limited signals.