cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purification and properties of a Met-tRNAf binding factor from wheat germ

Abstract The 40–60% ammonium sulfate fraction of the postribosomal supernatant of wheat germ catalyzes the binding of Met-tRNA f to 40 S ribosomal subunits, and in addition, interacts with Met-tRNA f , in the absence of 40 S ribosomal subunits and Mg 2+ to form a complex that is retained on a Millipore filter. Upon chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose, two fractions having this latter activity were obtained, a 0.05 m KCl fraction and a 0.12 m KCl fraction. The 0.12 m KCl fraction, but not the 0.05 m KCl fraction, also contained the factor that catalyzes the binding of Met-tRNA f to 40 S ribosomal subunits. When the 0.12 m KCl fraction from DEAE-cellulose was subjected to chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and on phosphocellulose, it was found that both activities copurified throughout these procedures, and both were purified more than 300-fold. In addition, both activities have similar heat-inactivation profiles. The formation of a complex between the factor and Met-tRNA f in the absence of 40 S subunits is stimulated three- to fourfold by GTP and is inhibited by GDP. Ternary complex formation is specific for Met-tRNA f and is decreased in the presence of Mg 2+ . The binding of Met-tRNA f to 40 S subunits is stimulated three- to fourfold by AUG, and when AUG is present, omission of GTP reduces the amount of Met-tRNA f bound by only about 30%. The factor catalyzes the binding of Met-tRNA m to 40 S subunits about one-fifth as well as Met-tRNA f and catalyzes the poly(U)-directed binding of Phe-tRNA by about 50% as well. Upon further investigation, it was found that the binding of Met-tRNA f to 40 S subunits that occurs in the absence of template is GTP dependent, being reduced more than 90% by the omission of GTP. No detectable binding of Phe-tRNA to 40 S subunits is observed in the absence of poly(U), indicating that template-independent binding is specific for Met-tRNA f . Both ternary complex formation and template-independent binding of Met-tRNA f to 40 S subunits are reduced more than 90% by treatment of the enzyme with N -ethylmaleimide. However, binding of Met-tRNA f to 40 S subunits in the presence of AUG is not affected by treatment of the enzyme with N -ethylmaleimide. The results of this investigation suggest that in wheat germ, the Met-tRNA f binding activities described above may reside in a single oligomeric protein.
Declarative Web 2.0

Web 2.0 applications have become popular as drivers of new types of Web content, but they have also introduced a new level of interface design in Web development; they are focusing on richer interfaces, user-generated content, and better interworking of Web-based applications. The current foundations of the Web 2.0, however, are strictly imperative in nature, which makes it difficult to develop applications which are robust, interoperable, and backwards compatible. Using a declarative approach for Web 2.0 applications, this new wave of applications can be built on a more robust foundation which is more in line with the Web's style of using declarative methods whenever possible. We show a path how today's imperative Web 2.0 applications can be regarded as a testbed as well as a first implementation for a revised version of Web 2.0 technologies, which will be based on declarative markup rather than imperative code.
A Plane Wave Expansion Theorem for Cylindrically Radiated Fields

An asymptotic expansion for two-dimensional outwardly radiating fields is developed from an integral representation of these fields by means of a saddle point integration. The expansion is given in terms of inverse powers of the distance from a point in a fixed region to a point in a circular neighborhood at a large distance from that region. The coefficients are expressed in terms of plane waves and linear combinations of derivatives of plane waves with respect to angle of incidence. The theorem may be employed in scattering problems in reducing scattering of arbitrary two-dimensional fields by arbitrary cylinders to scattering of plane waves by the arbitrary cylinders.
Strong coupling and hybridization of Frenkel and Wannier-Mott excitons in an organic-inorganic optical microcavity

We demonstrate strong exciton-photon coupling and photon-mediated hybridization between the Frenkel and Wannier-Mott excitons of an organic-inorganic hybrid optical microcavity. Hybridization occurs between the Frenkel excitons of the small molecular weight organic tetraphenylporphyrin and the Wannier-Mott excitons of InGaP quantum wells. This mixed state consists of 10% Frenkel and Wannier-Mott exciton and 80% cavity photon character, and persists up to temperatures of $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$.
Membrane order conservation in raft and non-raft regions of hepatocyte plasma membranes from thermally acclimated rainbow trout.

Abstract Homeoviscous adaptation (HVA), the thermal conservation of membrane fluidity/order at different body temperatures, has been observed to varying degrees in different membranes. However, HVA has not been studied in raft and non-raft regions of the plasma membrane (PM) separately. Rafts are ordered PM microdomains implicated in signal transduction, membrane traffic and cholesterol homeostasis. Using infrared spectroscopy, we measured order in raft-enriched PM (raft) and raft-depleted PM (RDPM) isolated from hepatocytes of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) acclimated to 5 and 20 °C. We found approximately 130% and 90% order compensation in raft and RDPM, respectively, suggesting their independent regulation. Raft was more ordered than RDPM in the warm-acclimated trout, a difference fully explained by a 58% enrichment of cholesterol, compared to RPDM. Unexpectedly, raft and RDPM from cold-acclimated trout did not differ in cholesterol content or order. Freezing the membrane samples during preparation had no effect on order. Treatment with cyclodextrin depleted cholesterol by 36%, 56%, and 55%, producing significant decreases in order in raft and RDPM from warm-acclimated trout and RDPM from cold-acclimated trout, respectively. However, a 69% depletion of cholesterol from raft from cold-acclimated trout had no significant effect on order. This result, and the lack of a difference in order between raft and RDPM, suggests that raft and non-raft PM in cold-acclimated trout are not spatially segregated by phase separation due to cholesterol.
Weak Uncertainty Principles on Fractals

We use the analytic tools such as the energy, and the Laplacians defined by Kigami for a class of post-critically finite (pcf) fractals which includes the Sierpinski gasket (SG), to establish some uncertainty relations for functions defined on these fractals. Although the existence of localized eigenfunctions on some of these fractals precludes an uncertainty principle in the vein of Heisenberg’s inequality, we prove in this article that a function that is localized in space must have high energy, and hence have high frequency components. We also extend our result to functions defined on products of pcf fractals, thereby obtaining an uncertainty principle on a particular type of non-pcf fractal.
The Role of Peer Patients in Chronic Disease Management

In this issue, Heisler and colleagues' randomized trial provides evidence that a peer-support program can improve diabetes outcomes. This editorial sees promise in reciprocal peer support and other...
Types of Brain Dysfunction in Critical Illness

Cerebral dysfunction and injury in the ICU presents as focal neurologic deficits, seizures, coma, and delirium. These syndromes may result from a primary brain insult, such as stroke or trauma, but commonly are a complication of a systemic insult, such as cardiac arrest, hypoxemia, sepsis, metabolic derangements, and pharmacologic exposures. Many survivors of critical illness have cognitive impairment, which is believed to underlie the poor long-term functional status and quality of life observed in many critical illness survivors. Although progress has been made in characterizing the epidemiology of cerebral dysfunction in the ICU, more research is needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms that might represent targets for therapeutic intervention.
Hippocampal substrate of classical conditioning

Results of a series of studies from our laboratory are reviewed which demonstrate that in simple associative conditioning paradigms there is a very early and marked increase in hippocampal neuron activity that precedes and predicts the development of behavioral learning, both over the trials of training and in terms of the actual amplitude-time course of the appropriate conditioned behavioral response being learned. Current approaches to the study of the possible behavioral functions of the hippocampus are examined, and current theories of hippocampal function are evaluated in the context of our experimental results.
Ecological effects of lead mining on Ozark streams: In-situ toxicity to woodland crayfish (Orconectes hylas).

Abstract The Viburnum Trend mining district in southeast Missouri, USA is one of the largest producers of lead–zinc ore in the world. Previous stream surveys found evidence of increased metal exposure and reduced population densities of crayfish immediately downstream of mining sites. We conducted an in-situ 28-d exposure to assess toxicity of mining-derived metals to the woodland crayfish ( Orconectes hylas ). Crayfish survival and biomass were significantly lower at mining sites than at reference and downstream sites. Metal concentrations in water, detritus, macroinvertebrates, fish, and crayfish were significantly higher at mining sites, and were negatively correlated with caged crayfish survival. These results support previous field and laboratory studies that showed mining-derived metals negatively affect O. hylas populations in streams draining the Viburnum Trend, and that in-situ toxicity testing was a valuable tool for assessing the impacts of mining on crayfish populations.
Detection of mixed‐field agglutination due to loss of red cell antigen in hematopoietic malignancy

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions were requested for a 60-year-old woman with hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) treated with cyclosporine to reverse progressive pancytopenia. During routine forward grouping, the patient typed as group A, but with mixed-field reactivity in the anti-A column of the gel card (Left panel, red box). Reverse typing with Al and B cells in the right-most two gel columns was consistent with blood group A. Common causes of mixed-field agglutination were excluded, including transfusion within the last 3 months and the presence of A-sub-groups. To further investigate the mixed-field result, we utilized an automated fluorescence cytometric blood typing method previously described by our group1'2 (Right panel. The density of antigen expression [PE fluorescence] increases from left to right; isotype control [iso] is purified polyclonal IgM). These studies showed that the patient's RBCs were group A, but could be separated into two distinguishable subpopulations that differed in their levels of A antigen expression (red line). Note that the population on the left (dashed arrow), with lower PE fluorescence, nonetheless does express residual A antigen as it is shifted to the right of the isotype control reaction (blue line). The population on the right (solid arrow) shows more usual levels of A antigen expression. In agreement with the typing results on the gel card, the patient's RBCs were negative for B antigen (black line). Thus, the mixed-field reaction seen on the gel card was due to the loss of A-antigen expression on a subpopulation of the patient's RBCs-a phenomenon that has been described in MDS patients. In addition to routine blood typing 1,2 , fluorescence cytometry is a powerful method for resolving complicated immunohematologic problems.
Electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of Sb-based semiconducting half-Heusler compounds

Electronic structure and transport properties of four Sb-based semiconducting half-Heusler compounds, $\mathit{MA}$Sb, where $\mathcal{M}=\mathrm{Hf}$ or Zr and $\mathcal{A}=\mathrm{Co}$ or Ir are studied using density-functional theory and Boltzmann transport equation in constant relaxation time ($\ensuremath{\tau}$) approximation. We find that substituting Hf with Zr does not change the band structures of these systems significantly. In contrast, replacing Co with Ir leads to drastic changes in their electronic structures. The valence band maximum occurs at the $L$ point in the Co compounds while it is at the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ point in the Ir compounds. The position and hybridization of an $s$-like conduction band vis-\`a-vis the hybridized $d$ bands of Co(Ir) determines the nature of the conduction bands near the band gap region. In addition, there is a direct band gap at the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ point in HfIrSb, whereas in the other three compounds, the band gap is indirect, either between $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ and $X$ or between $L$ and $X$ points. The Co compounds usually give large thermopowers for both $p$ and $n$ dopings. However, ZrIrSb, due to its interesting conduction band structure, gives the best $n$-type thermopower at high temperatures. We discuss in detail how the subtle changes in the electronic structure near the band gap affects $S$, $\ensuremath{\sigma}/\ensuremath{\tau}$, and the power factor.
Psychiatric pluralism in Bengal, India

Abstract By examining the pluralistic nature of the psychiatric domain in Bengal, India, the paper critically analyzes the concept of medical pluralism. Three varieties of pluralism are identified: the social institutional pluralism of the diverse specialists, the cultural cognitive pluralism of the client's conceptual frameworks, and the pluralism resulting from the divergent perspectives of clients and specialists. The paper argues that all three forms of pluralism can be better understood if pluralism is conceptualized in terms of actors' structuring activities and thus as an emergent product of social interaction.
Multimodality therapy for patients with high-risk prostate cancer: current status and future directions.

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second most common cause of cancer death in American men. Although high-risk disease accounts for less than 15% of diagnoses, high-risk prostate cancer patients have a cancer-specific mortality rate of 15% at 10 years. There is currently no consensus on the optimal management of high-risk disease because (1) there are different primary modalities available (ie, surgery, radiation), for which there are no randomized trials comparing efficacy; and (2) unstandardized timing of different therapies (ie, neoadjuvant v concurrent v adjuvant), which makes comparisons of efficacy problematic. Increased understanding into the mechanisms leading to the formation of advanced metastatic disease has spurred the development of agents to target these pathways. However, new questions regarding optimal management of disease arise with regard to the role of these therapies in combination with “conventional” primary modalities for earlier stage, high-risk prostate cancer patients. In this article, we review the transforming world of multimodality therapy in high-risk prostate cancer.
Knowing Climate Change: Local Social Institutions and Adaptation in Indian Groundwater Irrigation

How do farmers understand and predict weather variability; in what ways are local weather prediction techniques institutionalized (e.g., in new agricultural practices or cropping decisions) to meet the agricultural challenges of climate change–induced socioecological variability; and how do these vary across space, according to socioecological difference? This article examines these questions through a case study examination of local weather prediction methods and adaptive strategies to ongoing weather-related variability by groundwater-dependent, irrigating farmers in Rajasthan, India. Conducted in 2009 and 2011, the work finds, first, that farmers rely on multiple local methods of weather prediction, which, along with multiple and often conflicting social and ecological factors, inform their cropping decisions. Second, these prediction methods and associated cropping strategies interact with a number of strategies to mitigate weather and agrarian variability more generally, such as new cropping strategi...
Rapid Resolution of Acute Cor Pulmonale with Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator

A case of massive pulmonary embolism complicated by acute cor pulmonale and shock is presented. The IV administration of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) was associated with prompt reversal of clinical, ECG, and nuclear radiographic findings. The role of thrombolytic therapy with rt-PA for massive pulmonary embolism associated with hemodynamic decompensation deserves further investigation.
Modeling the reactive properties of tandemly activated tRNAs

Tandemly activated tRNAs, bearing amino acid moieties at both the 2′- and 3′-positions of the 3′-terminal adenosine moiety (A76), have been shown to participate efficiently in protein synthesis [B. Wang, J. Zhou, M. Lodder, R. D. Anderson, III and S. M. Hecht, J. Biol. Chem., 2006, 281, 13865]. The mechanism by which such activated tRNAs are able to donate both amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain is not well understood. Here we report the chemical behavior and participation in protein synthesis of new bisaminoacyl derivatives of pdCpA and tRNA. Both amino moieties of the aminoacyl groups are shown to be important to enable participation in protein synthesis; paradoxically, they also confer an unanticipated chemical stability toward different nucleophiles. The results obtained suggest a model for participation of bisaminoacylated tRNAs in protein synthesis.
Bathymetric patterns of body size: implications for deep-sea biodiversity

Abstract The evolution of body size is a problem of fundamental interest, and one that has an important bearing on community structure and conservation of biodiversity. The most obvious and pervasive characteristic of the deep-sea benthos is the small size of most species. The numerous attempts to document and explain geographic patterns of body size in the deep-sea benthos have focused on variation among species or whole faunal components, and have led to conflicting and contradictory results. It is important to recognize that studying size as an adaptation to the deep-sea environment should include analyses within species using measures of size that are standardized to common growth stages. An analysis within eight species of deep-sea benthic gastropods presented here reveals a clear trend for size to increase with depth in both larval and adult shells. An ANCOVA with multiple comparison tests showed that, in general, size–depth relationships for both adult and larval shells are more pronounced in the bathyal region than in the abyss. This result reinforces the notion that steepness of the bathymetric selective gradient decreases with depth, and that the bathyal region is an evolutionary hotspot that promotes diversification. Bathymetric size clines in gastropods support neither the predictions of optimality models nor earlier arguments based on tradeoffs among scaling factors. As in other environments, body size is inversely related to both abundance and species density. We suggest that the decrease in nutrient input with depth may select for larger size because of its metabolic or competitive advantages, and that larger size plays a role in limiting diversity. Adaptation is an important evolutionary driving force of biological diversity, and geographic patterns of body size could help unify ecological and historical theories of deep-sea biodiversity.
Plant community diversity and native plant abundance decline with increasing abundance of an exotic annual grass

Exotic plants are generally considered a serious problem in wildlands around the globe. However, some argue that the impacts of exotic plants have been exaggerated and that biodiversity and other important plant community characteristics are commonly improved with invasion. Thus, disagreement exists among ecologists as to the relationship of exotic plants with biodiversity and native plant communities. A better understanding of the relationships between exotic plants and native plant communities is needed to improve funding allocation and legislation regarding exotic plants, and justify and prioritize invasion management. To evaluate these relationships, 65 shrub–bunchgrass plant communities with varying densities of an exotic annual grass, Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski (medusahead), were sampled across 160,000 ha in southeastern Oregon, United States. Environmental factors were generally not correlated with plant community characteristics when exotic annual grass density was included in models. Plant diversity and species richness were negatively correlated with exotic annual grass density. Exotic annual grass density explained 62% of the variation in plant diversity. All native plant functional groups, except annual forbs, exhibited a negative relationship with T. caput-medusae. The results of this study suggest that T. caput-medusae invasions probably have substantial negative impacts on biodiversity and native plant communities. The strength of the relationships between plant community characteristics and T. caput-medusae density suggests that some exotic plants are a major force of change in plant communities and subsequently threaten ecosystem functions and processes. However, experimental studies are needed to fully substantiate that annual grass invasion is the cause of these observed correlations.
Three cDNA clones encoding mouse transplantation antigens: Homology to immunoglobulin genes

Abstract We constructed cDNA libraries from poly(A) + RNA isolated from cell lines of two different inbred strains of mice, and screened the libraries with a cDNA clone encoding a human transplantation antigen. Three cDNA clones were identified, sequenced and found to encode amino acid sequences highly homologous to portions of a known mouse transplantation antigen. Comparison of the cDNA sequences of mouse transplantation antigens with the constant region domains of the mouse immunoglobulin μ gene reveals a striking homology, which suggests that the two genes share a common ancestor. Antibody genes undergo DNA rearrangements during B cell differentiation that are correlated with their expression. In contrast, DNA blots with these cDNA probes suggest that the genes for the transplantation antigens are not rearranged in the genomes of liver or embryo cells, which express these antigens, as compared with sperm cells, which do not express these antigens. In Bam HI-digested liver DNAs from different inbred strains of mice, 10–15 bands of hybridization were found. Accordingly, the genes encoding the transplantation antigens appear to constitute a multigene family with similar gene numbers in different mice.
POSSIBLY AVOIDABLE DEATHS IN HOSPITAL IN THE AGE-GROUP ONE WEEK TO TWO YEARS

Abstract In a complete analysis of all infant deaths in hospital between the ages of 1 week and 2 years, over a two and a half year period in Sheffield 21 children (26%) were found to have died from treatable diseases. 15 (71%) of these children were admitted moribund but had shown no difference in pre-admission clinical features from a group of children admitted with similar diseases but surviving. The essential difference between the infants who died and those who survived was in the adequacy of medical care before admission.
Implementing an Early Childhood Professional Development Course Across 10 Sites and 15 Sections: Lessons Learned

In this article we describe the design and implementation of the National Center for Research on Early Childhood Education's (NCRECE's) college-level course and its delivery to teachers across 10 settings and 15 instructional sections. This professional development intervention, found effective in changing teachers’ beliefs, knowledge, and actual classroom practices (Hamre, et al., in press), has the potential to be scalable through existing delivery systems for teacher preparation (i.e., higher education) and may also address a critical gap created by policies requiring early childhood educators to earn a college degree. Specifically, we describe challenges associated with conducting an experiment of this kind, strategies and supports necessary to implement the NCRECE course well across multiple settings, and evidence regarding course instructors’ implementation of the course as intended.
Fluorine chemical shifts in complexes of sodium trifluoralkylsulfates with reduced proteins

Abstract Equilibrium dialysis experiments were carried out for several proteins, reduced with dithioerythritol, in aqueous buffer and the anionic surfactants, sodium 12,12,12-trifluorododecylsulfate or sodium 13,13,13-triflourotridecylsulfate, with surfactant concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. Fluorine chemical shifts were determined for each retentate and dialysate solution. The results show that most of the proteins bind 3.2 ± 0.4 millimoles of fluorinates surfactant per gram. In every case the chemical shift of the bound detergent ions is very near that found for micelles, suggesting that the bound ions form micelle-like aggregates.
Fast imaging of hard x rays with a laboratory microscope

An improved x-ray microscope with a fully electronic CCD detector system has been constructed that allows improved laboratory-based microstructural investigations of materials with hard x rays. It uses the Kirkpatrick–Baez multilayer mirror design to form an image that has a demonstrated resolution of 4 µm at 8 keV (Cu Kα radiation). This microscope performs well with standard sealed-tube laboratory x-ray sources, producing digital images with 20-s exposure times for a 5-µm Au grid (a thickness of two absorption lengths).
Oyster Ciliary Inhibition by Cystic Fibrosis Factor

Ciliary inhibition in oysters serves as an assay in identifying a serum factor in cystic fibrosis patients and heterozygotes. Seriums from 47 patients With cystic fibrosis antd 19 heterozygotes caused ciliary cessation within 35 minutes, whereas serums from only 2 of 64 individuals without cystic fibrosis inhibited ciliary activity within this time.
Degrees of Democracy: Some Comparative Lessons from India

This article draws on the case of India to address the question of democratization by exploring the dynamic interplay of the formal, effective, and substantive dimensions of democracy. Fifty-three years of almost uninterrupted democratic rule in India have done little to reduce the political, social, and economic marginalization of India's popular classes. Within India the state of Kerala stands out as an exception. Democratic institutions have effectively managed social conflict and have also helped secure substantive gains for subordinate classes. Kerala's departure from the national trajectory is located in historical patterns of social mobilization that coalesced around lower-class interests and produced forms of state-society engagement conducive to democratic deepening. Contrary to much of the transition literature, this case suggests that high levels of mobilization and redistributive demands have democracy-enhancing effects.
A spectral finite volume transport scheme on the cubed-sphere

Advective processes are of central importance in many applications and their treatment is crucial in the numerical modelling of the transport of trace constituents in atmospheric models. High-order numerical methods offer the promise of accurately capturing these advective processes in atmospheric flows and have been shown to efficiently scale to large numbers of processors. In this paper, a conservative transport scheme based on the nodal high-order spectral finite volume method is developed for the cubed-sphere. A third-order explicit strong stability preserving scheme is employed for the time integration. The reconstruction procedure which we developed avoids the (expensive) calculation of the inverse of the reconstruction matrix. Flux-corrected transport algorithm is implemented to enforce monotonicity in the two-dimensional transport scheme. Two standard advection tests, a solid-body rotation and a deformational flow, were performed to evaluate the spectral finite volume method optionally combined with a flux-corrected transport scheme. Spectral accuracy in space is demonstrated with a linear wave equation.
The Devil Is in the Details The Need for Integrated Cardiovascular Data for Performance Measures and Feedback

Public reporting of processes of care and outcomes in common diseases has occurred for many decades.1 More recently, the National Quality Forum and various professional societies have developed, endorsed, and maintained performance measures in many of these common diseases. These performance measures have allowed comparison of processes of care and risk-adjusted outcomes among physicians, hospitals, and regions. As the performance of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become the dominant reperfusion strategy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the United States, performance measures around primary PCI have shaped how physicians measure their own performance, how patients are informed about quality of STEMI care in their regions, and how payers make decisions about reimbursement for care for STEMI.2,3 One of these metrics, the door-to-balloon (D2B) time, has emerged as the primary measure to judge quality and determine reimbursement in hospitals performing primary PCI for STEMI patients. This has occurred because of the healthcare system’s ability to measure this process and the association between improvements in D2B times and improvements in mortality (both in-hospital and long-term). This measure has been used with the understanding of the limitations of focusing solely on clinical outcomes.4–6 In this “pay for performance” era, most cardiologists would agree that D2B times and STEMI performance measures in general are important components of measuring quality of care; however, the report by McCabe et al7 in this issue of Circulation shows that “the devil is in the details.” Article see p 194 The authors should be congratulated on their effort to examine this topic, and we believe that this report highlights a number of important issues when considering performance measures in STEMI patients. A total of 1548 …
An adaptive soft output demodulator for low BT GMSK signals

This paper investigates a convolutional-coded system with GMSK signaling where the bandwidth-time product (BT) value is much smaller than the value used in most previous research. An adaptive soft output demodulator is proposed. Significant complexity reduction is achieved without performance loss, by using differential precoding, the Laurent (1986) signal representation and sampling the received symbols at the end of the symbol duration. The performance of the demodulator is studied in AWGN and slow flat Rayleigh fading channels through simulations.
Design of multiplier-free state-space digital filters

In this paper, a novel approach is presented for designing multiplier-free state-space digital filters. The multiplier-free design is obtained by finding power-of-2 coefficients and also quantizing the state variables to power-of-2 numbers. Expressions for the noise variance are derived for the quantized state vector and the output of the filter. A "structure-transformation matrix" is incorporated in these expressions. It is shown that quantization effects can be minimized by properly designing the structure-transformation matrix. Simulation results are very promising and illustrate the design algorithm.
Blended-Wing-Body Low-Speed Flight Dynamics: Summary of Ground Tests and Sample Results

A series of low-speed wind tunnel tests of a Blended-Wing-Body tri-jet configuration to evaluate the low-speed static and dynamic stability and control characteristics over the full envelope of angle of attack and sideslip are summarized. These data were collected for use in simulation studies of the edge-of-the-envelope and potential out-of-control flight characteristics. Some selected results with lessons learned are presented.
Chronic cardiovascular effects of bepridil in anesthetized and conscious dogs

The chronic cardiovascular effects of bepridil were investigated in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs following chronic administration for 2 weeks and in awake instrumented dogs for 5 days. Prolonged administration of bepridil, 10 mg/kg, p.o., twice a day for 14 days produced a significant reduction in heart rate, cardiac output, and left ventricular minute work in dogs anesthetized approximately 12 hr following the last dose of the compound. Bepridil significantly increased coronary blood flow, whereas renal and mesenteric flows were not altered. Myocardial contractility was not significantly altered; however, left ventricular stroke work curves obtained during acute volume loading shifted to the left, indicating enhanced myocardial performance. Oral administration of bepridil twice daily produced a significant reduction in mean arterial blood pressure, a significant decrease in left ventricular stroke work and minute work, and myocardial oxygen consumption in awake animals. In addition, the compound decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR) in awake animals, whereas TPR was increased in anesthetized dogs.
Comparison of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation versus cardiopulmonary bypass for lung transplantation

Objective This study compared differences in patient outcomes and operative parameters for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) versus cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients undergoing lung transplants. Methods Between January 1, 2008, and July 13, 2013, 316 patients underwent lung transplants at our institution, 102 requiring intraoperative mechanical cardiopulmonary support (CPB, n = 55; ECMO, n = 47). We evaluated survival, blood product transfusions, bleeding complications, graft dysfunction, and rejection. Results Intraoperatively, the CPB group required more cell saver volume (1123 ± 701 vs 814 ± 826 mL; P = .043), fresh-frozen plasma (3.64 ± 5.0 vs 1.51 ± 3.2 units; P = .014), platelets (1.38 ± 1.6 vs 0.43 ± 1.25 units; P = .001), and cryoprecipitate (4.89 ± 6.3 vs 0.85 ± 2.8 units; P P = .013) and was more likely to have bleeding (15 [27.3%] vs 3 [6.4%]; P = .006) and reoperation (21 [38.2%] vs 7 [14.9%]; P = .009]. The CPB group had higher rates of primary graft dysfunction at 24 and 72 hours (41 [74.5%] vs 23 [48.9%]; P = .008; and 42 [76.4%] vs 26 [56.5%]; P = .034; respectively). There were no differences in 30-day and 1-year survivals. Conclusions Relative to CPB, the ECMO group required fewer transfusions and had less bleeding, fewer reoperations, and less primary graft dysfunction. There were no statistically significant survival differences at 30 days or 1 year.
CMP network-on-chip overlaid with multi-band RF-interconnect

In this paper, we explore the use of multi-band radio frequency interconnect (or RF-I) with signal propagation at the speed of light to provide shortcuts in a many core network-on-chip (NoC) mesh topology. We investigate the costs associated with this technology, and examine the latency and bandwidth benefits that it can provide. Assuming a 400 mm2 die, we demonstrate that in exchange for 0.13% of area overhead on the active layer, RF-I can provide an average 13% (max 18%) boost in application performance, corresponding to an average 22% (max 24%) reduction in packet latency. We observe that RF access points may become traffic bottlenecks when many packets try to use the RF at once, and conclude by proposing strategies that adapt RF-I utilization at runtime to actively combat this congestion.
Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of Marcellus shale gas

This study estimates the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the production of Marcellus shale natural gas and compares its emissions with national average US natural gas emissions produced in the year 2008, prior to any significant Marcellus shale development. We estimate that the development and completion of a typical Marcellus shale well results in roughly 5500 t of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions or about 1.8 g CO2e/MJ of gas produced, assuming conservative estimates of the production lifetime of a typical well. This represents an 11% increase in GHG emissions relative to average domestic gas (excluding combustion) and a 3% increase relative to the life cycle emissions when combustion is included. The life cycle GHG emissions of Marcellus shale natural gas are estimated to be 63‐75 g CO2e/MJ of gas produced with an average of 68 g CO2e/MJ of gas produced. Marcellus shale natural gas GHG emissions are comparable to those of imported liquefied natural gas. Natural gas from the Marcellus shale has generally lower life cycle GHG emissions than coal for production of electricity in the absence of any effective carbon capture and storage processes, by 20‐50% depending upon plant efficiencies and natural gas emissions variability. There is significant uncertainty in our Marcellus shale GHG emission estimates due to eventual production volumes and variability in flaring, construction and transportation.
The growth of infection control, impact of ICHE, and challenges ahead.

to the editor—In preparing for the president’s address at the 2005 Society for Health Care Epidemiology (SHEA) Annual Meeting, I sought to measure the growth of infection control as a field of endeavor, determine the impact of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology (ICHE), and record our past leaders’ opinions about the success of SHEA and its future challenges. Using Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), I performed a literature search in March 2005 for published articles written in any language, using “infection control” as the subject search term. A comparison of hits during 5-year increments from 1990 through 2004 revealed a nearly a 3-fold incremental increase in the number of infection control–related articles that were published (Figure 1). It takes a few years before key articles become widely known and cited in the literature. SCIE was searched using “Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol” as the cited-work search term starting in 1985 to determine how often articles published in ICHE appeared in bibliographies of articles in print. A comparison of hits during 5-year increments revealed that, between 1985 and 1999, there was greater than a 2-fold incremental increase in the citation of articles published in ICHE (Figure 2). Together, these data suggest that infection control as a field of scientific endeavor is growing steadily and that, in addition to the known impact factor of ICHE, publications in our society’s journal are read and quoted with increasing frequency. I queried the 24 past SHEA presidents and used a modified Delphi process to analyze their insight into the accomplishments of and future challenge for our society. When the past SHEA presidents were asked to report SHEA’s most important contribution during the last 25 years, the consensus opinion was (1) the identification of infection control and healthcare epidemiology as a discipline, (2) the inauguration of the SHEA Annual Meeting, and (3) the creation of ICHE. When they were asked to report the greatest future challenge for SHEA, the consensus was to further enhance a rigorous evidence-based approach to this discipline. Infection control and healthcare epidemiology is undeniably an established and growing field of endeavor that is in step with the steadily increasing impact of our society’s journal. To continue the momentum, we must share our enthusiasm with medical, nursing, and public health students, as well as nurses and house staff; nurture SHEA fellows; and remain true to ourselves.
The Role Of Cooperative Regional Research In Home Economics

Cooperation among scientists is a vital and necessary part of research. A review of authorship of technical papers in many professional journals reveals that home economists often cooperate with other home economists and with experts in other disciplines in conducting research (Horn and Nickols, 1982). Many of the cooperative efforts are limited to researchers within a small geographical area. On a broader scale, the federal government has supported cooperative research for almost 40 years through formally organized cooperative regional research pro jects dealing with problems related to agriculture and home economics.
Purification, Visualization, and Biophysical Characterization of Kv1.3 Tetramers

The voltage-gated K+ channel of T-lymphocytes, Kv1.3, was heterologously expressed in African Green Monkey kidney cells (CV-1) using a vaccinia virus/T7 hybrid expression system; each infected cell exhibited 10(4) to 5 x 10(5) functional channels on the cell surface. The protein, solubilized with detergent (3-[cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid or cholate), was purified to near-homogeneity by a single nickel-chelate chromatography step. The Kv1.3 protein expressed in vaccinia virus-infected cells and its purified counterpart are both modified by a approximately 2-kDa core-sugar moiety, most likely at a conserved N-glycosylation site in the external S1-S2 loop; absence of the sugar does not alter the biophysical properties of the channel nor does it affect expression levels. Purified Kv1.3 has an estimated size of approximately 64 kDa in denaturing SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels, consistent with its predicted size based on the amino acid sequence. By sucrose gradient sedimentation, purified Kv1.3 is seen primarily as a single peak with an approximate mass of 270 kDa, compatible with its being a homotetrameric complex of the approximately 64-kDa subunits. When reconstituted in the presence of lipid and visualized by negative-staining electron microscopy, the purified Kv1.3 protein forms small crystalline domains consisting of tetramers with dimensions of approximately 65 x 65 A. The center of each tetramer contains a stained depression which may represent the ion conduction pathway. Functional reconstitution of the Kv1.3 protein into lipid bilayers produces voltage-dependent K+-selective currents that can be blocked by two high affinity peptide antagonists of Kv1.3, margatoxin and stichodactylatoxin.
First-Year Special Educators The Influence of School and Classroom Context Factors on Their Accomplishments and Problems

Despite a history of research in general education on novice teachers, researchers have only recently begun to investigate the experiences of beginning special educators. Many of these studies desc...
E-nabling the e-conomy

Summary form only given, as follows. The world is moving from an economy based on the interactions of people to an E-conomy characterized by the interactions of software services. This change promises enormous gains in productivity and substantial reductions in process times. In the E-conomy, people will decide what needs to be done, and software will determine the best way to do it. The emerging web services standards are key to getting us there. Today, getting services from different organizations to interact over the Internet is difficult, special-case work. Part of the difficulty is that each provider addresses a common set of problems in a proprietary way. Using the standards defined by the web services effort makes it easier to produce, operate, and use compositions of services. Web services standards will allow us to think of all applications as e-services that we can assemble on the fly to solve our problems. In this talk, I'll discuss the components of the Economy, the interaction among these components, and where the evolving web services standards fit in. Proceedings
Complex three-dimensional conformal surfaces formed by atomic layer deposition: computation and experimental verification

Atomic layer deposition in complex three-dimensional porous materials is useful for manipulating properties such as pore size, pore connectivity, density, and dielectric constant. In order to calculate a material's properties it is necessary to determine the material distribution. A generally applicable algorithm for determining the material distribution and pore connectivity is presented. Calculations using the algorithm compared favorably with experimental results for the important case of infilling dielectric material into three-dimensional photonic crystal templates.
Paradigms for Clinical Ethics Consultation Practice

Clinical bioethics is big business. There are now hundreds of people who "do" bioethics in community and university hospitals, nursing homes, rehabilitation and home care settings, and some (though quite a few less) who play the role of clinical ethics consultant to transplant teams, managed care companies, and genetic testing firms. Still, there is as much speculation about what clinically active bioethicists actually do as there was ten years ago. Various commentators have pondered the need for training standards, credentials, "certification" exams, and malpractice insurance for ethicists engaged in clinical consultation. Much of the discussion seems to accept an implicit presumption that all clinical ethics consultation practices look pretty much alike. But is this accurate? What do clinical ethicists do, how and where do they do it, and what kind of clinical ethics is useful in the hospital and in other settings?
A Review of Ecological Determinants of Territoriality Within Vertebrate Species

Abstract We reviewed papers that compared intraspecific variation in territoriality vs. alternative forms of spatial or behavioral organization with three goals: (1) to discover which ecological variables act as determinants of territorial behavior and how they might act; (2) to extract and evaluate predictions and evidence for determinants of territoriality and (3) to suggest ways for future studies to build upon what the review revealed. Twenty ecological variables have been predicted, correlated with or experimentally demonstrated to relate to territoriality within vertebrate species. These variables include several characteristics of food: quantity, predictability, distribution, quality, renewal rate, type, density and assessibility. Other variables include nonfood resources, population density, habitat features, mates, space, refuges/spawning/home sites, predation pressure, host nests (for brood parasites) and energy availability. We suggest several reasons why food resources are cited most often, in...
Bronchioloalveolar lung cancer: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition).

Objectives To review the current evidence on special issues relating to the diagnosis, imaging, prognosis, and treatment of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC). Methods This guideline focuses on aspects of BAC that are unique and ways in which BAC differs importantly from other forms of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The author reviewed published literature reporting on BAC using key words "histology," "CT scans," "fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan," "sensitivity," "specificity," "surgical resection," "sublobar resection," and "epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor" and selected references from published review articles. Also included was a review of the 1999 World Health Organization (WHO) revised classification system for lung tumors, which established a more restrictive definition of BAC to tumors with a pure lepidic spreading pattern and no evidence of stromal, vascular, or pleural invasion. Results With the notable exception of a lower likelihood of a positive positron emission tomography finding in the presence of BAC, staging, diagnosis, and treatment are the same as for other histologic subtypes of NSCLC, but additional treatment options that may prove to be equivalent, if not more effective, for more patients exist (eg, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, sublobar resection). Conclusions BAC is a form of adenocarcinoma with unique clinical, radiologic, and epidemiologic features. The diagnosis of BAC should be reserved for tumors that meet the WHO criteria. Additional clinical trials are needed on this population of patients, using strict definitions and enrollment criteria to allow the results to be applied to appropriate patient populations.