cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Performance of Cartomizer Style Electronic Cigarettes from Major Tobacco and Independent Manufacturers.

Objective This study compared the performance of 12 brands of cartomizer style electronic cigarettes (EC) using different puffing protocols and measured the concentrations of nicotine in each product. Methods Air flow rate, pressure drop, and aerosol absorbance were measured using two different protocols, first 10 puffs and a modified smoke-out protocol. Results First 10 puff protocol: The air flow rate required to produce aerosol ranged between brands from 4–21 mL/s. Pressure drop was relatively stable within a brand but ranged between brands from 14–71 mmH2O and was much lower than the earlier classic 3-piece models. Absorbance, a measure of aerosol density, was relatively consistent between puffs, but varied between brands. With the modified smoke-out protocol, most brands were puffed until 300 puffs. The pressure drop was relatively stable for all brands except three. Absorbance of the aerosol decreased as the number of puffs increased. Although there was some uniformity in performance within some brands, there was large variation between brands. The labeled and measured nicotine concentrations were within 10% of each other in only 1 out of 10 brands. Conclusions Over 10 puffs, the cartomizers all perform similarly within a brand but varied between brands. In smoke-out trials, most brands lasted at least 300 puffs, and performed similarly within brands with respect to pressure drop and absorbance. For five brands, products purchased at different times performed differently. These data show some improvement in performance during evolution of these products, but nevertheless indicate problems with quality control in manufacture.
Defining the Boundaries of Engineering Management

ABSTRACTDegree programs in engineering management (EM) historically have been market driven and designed to meet emerging requirements of enterprises that depend heavily on technology for their success and/or profitability. With increasing employer interest in management of technology, total quality management, technology transfer, and other philosophies and strategies that interrelate management and technology, a review and restatement of the scope and focus of M.S. degrees in EM seem timely.
Elevated arterial pressure, vascular wall "waterlogging," and impaired cardiac growth in rats chronically receiving digoxin.

AbstractDecreased activity of the sarcolemmal sodium pump may account, in part, for the elevated arterial pressure and also for the vascular wall “waterlogging” in certain forms of hypertension. To further test this hypothesis, digoxin, 120 or 240 mg/kg/day, was administered orally to 4-week-old rats and continued for 6-7 weeks in Group A rats. After 5 weeks of similar administration, digoxin was stopped in Group B rats. Group C control rats never received digoxin. Measured serum digoxin levels in Group A rats ranged from 204 to 660 ng/ml. In rats receiving digoxin, tail systolic arterial pressures measured three times per week were slightly (6%) but significantly (P <0.001) higher than in control rats. At age 12 weeks, tail systolic pressures (mm Hg; M ± SEM) were 128.2 ± 1.1, 118.4 ± 0.7, and 118.0 ± 0.3 in Groups A, B, and C. At age 12-13 weeks, water content of the thoracic vena cava in digoxin-treated rats of Group A was increased by 3-5% (P <0.05). An additional finding was that left ventricular wei...
Retroperitoneal Pulmonary Sequestration: A Rare Congenital Anomaly in a 71-Year-Old Man

AbstractThe suprarenal fossa is a clinically silent area of the body where nonfunctioning, indolent lesions may pass unnoticed. We report on a 71-year-old man with muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who was found on staging abdominopelvic computerized tomography to have a 5 × 6cm. left periaortic suprarenal mass. Serum analysis for a hormonally or vasoactive tumor was unrevealing. Fine needle aspiration was also nondiagnostic. An extrathoracic pulmonary sequestration was found at surgical exploration. Pulmonary sequestration rarely occurs in an extrathoracic location, is usually diagnosed in the first decade of life and to our knowledge has never been reported in this location in a patient of this age.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharamcodynamics of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin Following Single Injection in Rats

Background: Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the primary regulator of platelet production. Recombinant human thrombopoietin (rHuTPO) and its derivative have been reported as potent drugs in treatment of chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Due to severe immunogenic adverse affects clinical applications of rHuTPO have been limited. However, new TPO receptor agonists that lack this adverse effect are developed. RHuTPO exhibits nonlinear kinetics and complex dynamics both mediated by binding to TPO receptor. Studies of rHuTPO pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) will facilitate future use of new TPO receptor agonists. Purpose: To analyze PK and PD of rHuTPO following a single IV bolus administration in rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats of body weight 300–600 g received a single dose of rHuTPO (ProSpec Ltd) (2.4, 4.8 and 9.6 μg/kg) and a placebo via an intravenous injection in tail. Blood samples (100–200μL) were collected at various hours during 3 days for PK analysis and every day for consecutive 14 days for PD assessment. RHuTPO plasma concentrations were measured using ELISA (R&D Systems Inc). Platelet count was determined using hematology analyzer (BC-2800 VET, Mindray). Noncompartmental parameters such as area under concentration curve (AUC), clearance (CL), volume at steady-state (Vss), and terminal half-life (t1/2) were calculated by WinNonlin 5.2 (Pharsight). Percent increase over the baseline for platelet maximum (%MPC) and area under the platelet response curve (%AUCPLT) were applied as PD markers. Student t-test was used to compare the means between control and treatment groups (SAS 9.1, SAS Institute). Results: CL decreased with increasing dose (0.185, 0.131, and 0.047 L/h/kg), similarly to Vss (3.28, 1.10, and 0.51 L). The t1/2 values were also dose dependent (13.2, 6.1, and 8.2 h). The %MPC values were 43, 77, and 45% for corresponding doses and the peaks occurred on days 5, 6, and 6 following rHuTPO administration. The %AUCPLT values were relatively insensitive to increasing doses (20, 23, and 13%). Both mean peak platelet counts and mean AUCPLT were significantly different (p Conclusions: RHuTPO exhibits nonlinear pharmacokinetics in rat. CL and Vss dependence on dose suggests receptor mediated drug disposition as a major reason of nonlinear PK. IV bolus doses 2.4, 4.8 and 9.6 μg/kg of rHuTPO moderately increase platelet count in rats that peaks on day 5–6 after drug administration. The observed lack of the PD marker increase with increased doses implicates that the applied doses are in a flat region of the dose-response curve. Compared to similar data reported for humans, rHuTPO is less efficacious in rats than in humans.
Fertility Risk with Cancer Therapy

Advances in cancer treatments have significantly changed the outcome for pediatric cancers with 5-year survival rates approaching 75–80 %. With improvements in treatment, 1 in 25 cancer survivors will be of reproductive age [1]. Fertility compromise occurs in 8–12 % of female survivors [2] and one-third of adult male survivors of childhood cancer [3]. Manifestations of gonadal injury include disordered puberty from hormonal deficiency, decreased reproductive and sexual function, psychosocial effects, and menopause-related health problems in female survivors such as cardiac, skeletal, and cognitive dysfunction. Standard options for fertility preservation include sperm, oocyte, and embryo banking. Investigational options include testicular, ovarian, and immature oocyte cryopreservation [4, 5]. Most options are invasive and costly, and standard options in females require a minimum of 2 weeks of intervention prior to proceeding with cancer treatment [6]. Estimating risk prior to therapy allows determination and implementation of the appropriate fertility preserving therapies. Identifying agents that protect the ovary prior to and during cancer therapy may mitigate the need for invasive and costly fertility preserving therapies while preserving hormonal function after cancer treatment.
Three-Dimensional Localization of Single Molecules for Super-Resolution Imaging and Single-Particle Tracking

Single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and single-particle tracking are two imaging modalities that illuminate the properties of cells and materials on spatial scales down to tens of nanometers or with dynamical information about nanoscale particle motion in the millisecond range, respectively. These methods generally use wide-field microscopes and two-dimensional camera detectors to localize molecules to much higher precision than the diffraction limit. Given the limited total photons available from each single-molecule label, both modalities require careful mathematical analysis and image processing. Much more information can be obtained about the system under study by extending to three-dimensional (3D) single-molecule localization: without this capability, visualization of structures or motions extending in the axial direction can easily be missed or confused, compromising scientific understanding. A variety of methods for obtaining both 3D super-resolution images and 3D tracking inf...
The Use of NARX Neural Networks to Forecast Daily Groundwater Levels

The lack of information to manage groundwater for irrigation is one of the biggest concerns for farmers and stakeholders in agricultural areas of Mississippi. In this study, we present a novel implementation of a nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) network to simulate daily groundwater levels at a local scale in the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial (MRVA) aquifer, located in the southeastern United States. The NARX network was trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Bayesian Regularization (BR) algorithms, and the results were compared to identify an optimal architecture for the forecasting of daily groundwater levels over time. The training algorithms were implemented using different hidden node combinations and delays (5, 25, 50, 75, and 100) until the optimal network was found. Eight years of daily historical input time series including precipitation and groundwater levels were used to forecast groundwater levels up to three months ahead. The comparison between LM and BR showed that NARX-BR is superior in forecasting daily levels based on the Mean Squared Error (MSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency. The results showed that BR with two hidden nodes and 100 time delays provided the most accurate prediction of groundwater levels with an error of ± 0.00119 m. This innovative study is the first of its kind and will provide significant contributions for the implementation of data-based models (DBMs) in the prediction and management of groundwater for agricultural use.
Children Exposed to Marital Conflict Exhibit More Disordered Eating Behaviors: Child Emotional Insecurity and Anxiety as Mechanisms of Risk

Disordered eating in children is a major public health concern, as it is precursor to clinical eating disorders and obesity. However, little is known about the potential causes of child disordered eating. The current study examined marital conflict as a predictor of disordered eating in a sample of children aged 5–12 years, from the perspective of emotional security theory. Ninety five children and their parents in the Southeast United States participated in the study. We found that marital conflict was associated with higher levels of restrained eating, emotional eating and external eating behaviors controlling for demographics and parental feeding practices. Further, we examined the possible pathways between marital conflict and child disordered eating and found that marital conflict was related to greater child emotional insecurity about the family, which was associated with greater child anxiety, which were then related to disordered eating. In addition to serving as a secondary pathway linking emotional insecurity to child disordered eating, anxiety also significantly directly mediated the association between marital conflict and all three types of disordered eating: restrained eating, emotional eating and external eating in children. Next we examined if parental feeding practices (food monitoring, food restriction and parental pressure to eat) moderate the relation between marital conflict and child disordered eating. Parental pressure to eat was negatively associated with child disordered eating under higher marital conflict. The current study highlights the importance of marital conflict and child emotional security as precursors of child disordered eating.
Apo E4 Alleles and Impaired Olfaction as Predictors of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that affects more than 5 million Americans. It is the only disease among the 10 causes of death that cannot be slowed or cured, thus raising the need for identification of early preclinical markers that could be the focus of preventative efforts. Although evidence is escalating that abnormalities in olfactory structure and function precede AD development and early cognitive impairments by one or more decades, the importance of olfaction is largely overlooked in AD, and such testing is not routinely performed in neurology clinics. Nevertheless, research using the olfactory model, has begun to advance our understanding of the preclinical pathophysiology of AD. Notably, an interesting series of studies is beginning to illuminate the relationship between Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) e4 polymorphism and olfactory dysfunction and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. In this article, we reviewed present research on the significance of ApoE and olfaction to AD, summarized current studies on the associations and mechanisms of ApoE and olfactory dysfunction, and highlighted important gaps for future work to further advance the translational application of the olfactory paradigm to early, preclinical diagnosis and treatment of AD.
Motivating Examples, Meaning and Context in Teaching Linear Algebra

In this chapter I examine how we as authors and instructors can move beyond the what and how of the ideas that we teach and more effectively address the why. l discuss the need for-and give several instances of-relevant and thought-provoking examples that can better motivate the various concepts of linear algebra and simultaneously pique the interest of our students in those concepts.
The Promises of Empowered Girls

Everyone loves empowered girls – those “can-do” girls who succeed in school, postpone motherhood, have a voice, star in athletics, and believe they can have it all. Empowered girls solve social problems from intergenerational poverty to traditional gender imbalances in leadership, residual sexism in occupations and schooling, and work-family tensions. Successful girls, and the women they will become, make us happy. This chapter inquires into girl success as a global object of desire and into what empowered girls promise. This analysis explores the ideas of girls that are mobilized and the affective connections around girls, gender, poverty, and success through an examination of two transnational campaigns, Stand Up For Malala and She Can, You Can, to inquire into the conceptualizations of specific girls’ empowerment.
A real-time adjustment strategy for the operational level stochastic orienteering problem: A simulation-aided optimization approach

Abstract This paper focuses on operational level stochastic orienteering problem, in which travel time and service time are stochastic and the vehicle can adjust its routing plan. A real-time adjustment strategy, called Simulation-Aided Multiple Plan Approach (SMPA), is proposed to optimize the real-time vehicle routing plan. We embed a “myopia prevention” strategy into SMPA to improve solution quality. The numerical experiment compares the performance of our proposed algorithm with a strategic level algorithm and another commonly used operational level algorithm called re-optimization algorithm. The results show that our algorithm outperforms previous methods in both solution quality and computing time.
Additive Micro-Manufacturing of Designer Materials

Material properties are governed by the chemical composition and spatial arrangement of constituent elements at multiple length scales. This fundamentally limits material properties with respect to each other creating trade-offs when selecting materials for a specific application. For example, strength and density are inherently linked so that, in general, the more dense the material, the stronger it is in bulk form. Other coupled material properties include thermal expansion and thermal conductivity, hardness and fracture toughness, strength and thermal expansion, etc. We are combining advanced microstructural design, using flexure and screw theory as well as topology optimization, with new additive micro- and nano-manufacturing techniques to create new material systems with previously unachievable property combinations. Our manufacturing techniques include Projection Microstereolithography (PμSL), Direct Ink Writing (DIW), and Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD). These processes are capable of reliably producing designed architectures that are highly three-dimensional, multi-scale, and often composed of multiple constituent materials.
Setting up an experimental high performance computing cluster

High Performance Computing (HPC) clusters have entered mainstream computing. While government and academic natural sciences (and Hedge funds) still dominate the space, every academic has the opportunity to join one or more consortiums that promise access to HPC clusters with thousands of available computing cores. The move to parallelism is ongoing and the ability to scale-up beyond the 2-8 cores available within a typical processor package is rapidly developing from an esoteric niche skill to a mainstream business skill. But it can be an intimidating experience to take your first steps on a giant NSF-funded HPC cluster. This tutorial is geared toward getting a small-scale HPC cluster designed and installed so that the "baby steps" of the HPC learning process can be performed away from mega-scale operations. Utilizing 4 64-bit computers available for less than $160 each (our University "surpluses" them), we will create a small cluster using the software available from a Dreamspark Premium (formerly known as MSDNAA) subscription in about 75 minutes. While the installation operations are ongoing, we will discuss basic HPC architecture and the architectural design decisions that must be made prior to an installation. After installation, we will take a tour through the administrative interface, and then install a benchmarking software suite. In addition, the presenter will share lessoned learned from his own HPC installations to head off potential frustrations when you design and install with your own HPC.
Managing International Technology Transfer Risk: Alternatives and Complements to Ownership Structure

This exploratory study builds propositions for protecting technology when exploiting it through foreign production. It uses transaction cost as a preliminary basis to explore alternative methods to predict and assess firms’ methods of managing international technology transfer risks. It adds theoretical explanations based on the experiences of nine US high-tech companies’ entries and operations in Asia.
Deconstruction: Cultural Concerns

Deconstruction is a mode of philosophical and literary analysis derived from the work of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida that questions the most basic philosophical categories or concepts. In philosophy it involves the undoing of fundamental oppositions through a demonstration that they are constructions, not part of the nature of things but categories imposed by discourses which provide the evidence for their deconstruction. Beyond philosophy, deconstruction influenced work in such fields as law, anthropology, psychoanalysis, theology, and gender studies by providing an impetus to treat the categories and the metalanguage of a discipline as interested constructions rather than as a neutral framework, and by encouraging attention to the rhetorical and performative dimensions of texts as well as to their explicit arguments.
Complicity, Dissent and the Work of Confession in Neoliberal Italy

ABSTRACTItalian leftists in the twenty-first century often remark that the Left is dead, and problematise their own complicity with Neoliberal politics and its influence on contemporary culture and society. Leftist anxieties about the seeming impossibility of dissent in contemporary Italy surface in the narrative convention of confession in Roberto Ando’s film Le confessioni, Christian Ceresoli’s dramatic monologue La Merda and Walter Siti’s novel Resistere non serve a niente. The unique form of confession operative in these works is distinct from its Catholic iteration, as well as that of its secular counterpart, the psychotherapeutic ‘confession.’ It constitutes a narrativizing of the self in which the life story appropriates touchstones of Neoliberal market logics, and posits the subject as an entrepreneur. The article argues that confession is a type of work, what Michael Hardt calls affective labour, that positions these works’ protagonists as complicit with these Neoliberal logics.
Inquiry into Class Reunions: Nostalgic Stimuli and Preferred Experiences

This article presents an exploratory study on a class reunion as a nostalgic tourism event. Based on a case study of a college class reunion, this study applied both qualitative and quantit...
Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL)

One aspect of agreement is that SoTL is exclusively focused on the area of higher education, meaning tertiary undergraduate and graduate studies. Another is that the topical area is applicable to the study of teaching and learning processes and outcomes across all academic disciplines. Still another point of agreement is that the research is theoretically grounded in classic and modern learning constructs extending back to the findings from the early 1900s by pioneers such as, Piaget and Dewey. Many current studies rely upon variations of modernistic constructivist learning theory models. These are particularly useful for research related to hospitality/tourism education programs, which are classified as professional studies majors within institutions.
Lensing mechanism meets small-x physics: Single transverse spin asymmetry in p ↑ +p and p ↑ +A collisions

We calculate the single transverse spin asymmetry in polarized proton-proton (${p}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}+p$) and polarized proton-nucleus (${p}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}+A$) collisions (${A}_{N}$) generated by a partonic lensing mechanism. The polarized proton is considered in the quark-diquark model while its interaction with the unpolarized target is calculated using the small-$x$/saturation approach, which includes multiple rescatterings and small-$x$ evolution. The phase required for the asymmetry is caused by a final-state gluon exchange between the quark and diquark, as is standard in the lensing mechanism of Brodsky, Hwang, and Schmidt [Phys. Lett. B 530, 99 (2002)]. Our calculation combines the lensing mechanism with small-$x$ physics in the saturation framework. The expression we obtain for the asymmetry ${A}_{N}$ of the produced quarks has the following properties: (i) The asymmetry is generated by the dominant elastic scattering contribution and the $1/{N}_{c}^{2}$ suppressed inelastic contribution (with ${N}_{c}$ the number of quark colors). (ii) The asymmetry grows or oscillates with the produced quark's transverse momentum ${p}_{T}$ until the momentum reaches the saturation scale ${Q}_{s}$, and then only falls off as $1/{p}_{T}$ for larger momenta. (iii) The asymmetry decreases with increasing atomic number $A$ of the target for ${p}_{T}$ below or near ${Q}_{s}$, but is independent of $A$ for ${p}_{T}$ significantly above ${Q}_{s}$. We discuss how these properties may be qualitatively consistent with the data on ${A}_{N}$ published by the PHENIX Collaboration [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 122001 (2019)] and with the preliminary data on ${A}_{N}$ reported by the STAR Collaboration [Proc. Sci., DIS2016 (2016) 212 [arXiv:1805.08875] ].
Industrial hemp fiber: A sustainable and economical alternative to cotton

Abstract The textile industry is one of the highest polluting industries in the world. Recent studies have explored the introduction of environmentally friendly textiles to address this issue. One of these textiles is fiber derived from industrial hemp, which was recently approved for growth in the United States through the 2018 Farm Bill legislation. Motivated by hemp’s potential to have a lower ecological footprint than cotton, the objective of this study is to determine if industrial hemp fiber can be produced in an economically competitive manner. Through the lenses of sustainable development and systems engineering, the basic design of the research assesses material selection decisions economically by taking a holistic supply chain view of the agricultural activities associated with industrial hemp compared to its largest competitor (i.e., cotton). With both fibers being comparable in performance, the production process of both textiles is juxtaposed, to account for interdependencies among stages with key economic and environmental considerations. As the economic cost of agricultural activities for hemp is currently uncertain in the United States, our methodology considers four main data inputs to capture the agricultural activities. First, fertilization costs are regarded as part of the cost associated with field preparations. Second, we assess the seed costs associated with cultivation. Third, the cost of irrigation (i.e., water consumption) and fourth, pest control cost represents the cost of field operations. These costs, combined with fiber yield, are used to estimate and compare the two fibers in USD per metric ton of final fiber produced. Industrial hemp is a high yield crop with (on average) 3 times more metric tons of fiber produced per hectare cultivated. Therefore, the adoption of hemp enables a reduction in cost associated with agricultural activities of 77.63%, when compared to cotton for medium total agricultural activity cost and medium yield estimates. In summary, our results suggest that industrial hemp fiber is economically viable and has the potential to be a more environmentally friendly alternative material than cotton within the textile industry.
Neural Correlates of Modality-Sensitive Deviance Detection in the Audiovisual Oddball Paradigm

The McGurk effect, an incongruent pairing of visual /ga/-acoustic /ba/, creates a fusion illusion /da/ and is the cornerstone of research in audiovisual speech perception. Combination illusions occur given reversal of the input modalities-auditory /ga/-visual /ba/, and percept /bga/. A robust literature shows that fusion illusions in an oddball paradigm evoke a mismatch negativity (MMN) in the auditory cortex, in absence of changes to acoustic stimuli. We compared fusion and combination illusions in a passive oddball paradigm to further examine the influence of visual and auditory aspects of incongruent speech stimuli on the audiovisual MMN. Participants viewed videos under two audiovisual illusion conditions: fusion with visual aspect of the stimulus changing, and combination with auditory aspect of the stimulus changing, as well as two unimodal auditory- and visual-only conditions. Fusion and combination deviants exerted similar influence in generating congruency predictions with significant differences between standards and deviants in the N100 time window. Presence of the MMN in early and late time windows differentiated fusion from combination deviants. When the visual signal changes, a new percept is created, but when the visual is held constant and the auditory changes, the response is suppressed, evoking a later MMN. In alignment with models of predictive processing in audiovisual speech perception, we interpreted our results to indicate that visual information can both predict and suppress auditory speech perception.
The queer ecology of Vernon Lee’s transient affections

British author and philosopher Vernon Lee understood emotions not simply as personal experiences, but as phenomena occurring through trans-historical, trans-spatial ecologies existing beyond the bo...
Mobile-based consortium of parenting resources for low-income and underserved mothers and caregivers: app development, testing and lessons learned

This pilot study used a formative evaluation approach to develop an accessible and low-cost mobile app-based program for low-income mothers to increase access to resources and health information (e.g., effective parenting) and reduce potential negative (e.g., stress, poor nutritional practices) influences. A user-centered formative evaluation method using four sets of focus group discussions was used to gather feedback from low-income mothers in a mid-sized city in the Northeast United States. Our study found that while information and resources provided on our parenting app were considered valuable by low-income mothers, the design and usability issues impacted the perceived attractiveness and usefulness of the platform. The younger mothers wanted functionality similar to popular social media apps, and given their mostly constrained financial situation, they were more engaged and interested in community resources that would help reduce their financial burden, instead of the purely preventative health and parenting information provided through our app.
When the party’s over: what influences event peer-to-peer accommodation owners to re-enter the market?

When cities host mega-events, lodging demand temporarily increases, however cities must balance this temporary demand to prevent oversupply. Peer-to-peer accommodations may be a lodging solution fo...
Complying Creatively with AAG’s Blueprint

In this chapter, I examine how teachers navigate an AAG policy where organizational marketing, customer satisfaction, and student discipline intersect. “Keeping kids in the room” is designed to reduce send-outs, suspensions, and expulsions (Gregory, Skiba, & Noguera in Educational Researcher 39: 59–68, 2010; Morris in Pushout: The Criminalization of Black Girls in Schools. The New Press, New York, NY, 2016; Morris and Perry in Social Problems, 63(1): 68–86, 2017). While charter networks claim to eradicate the discipline gap, my data demonstrate that practices at Eclipse disguise it. Teachers regularly send out students, but these cases remain relatively invisible as staff shuffle students around the school building under the radars of parents, stakeholders, and sometimes even administrators. Administrators privately and publicly reprimand low-track teachers for failing to manage student behavior by “keeping kids in the room.” Well-networked teachers work together to remove students from classrooms without attracting administrators’ attention. They utilize a strategy I call creative compliance to maintain upward career trajectories. The most successful deploy a results-oriented narrative that resonates with AAG’s equity-conscious discourse.
GABAergic signaling promotes early-life seizures in epileptic SYNGAP1+/- mice

Objective: SYNGAP1 encephalopathy is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by pathogenic loss of function variants. Syngap1-heterozygous (Het+/-) mice demonstrate progressive epilepsy with multiple seizure phenotypes in adulthood. Here, we investigate early-life seizures in Het+/- pups and explore of Syngap1 encephalopathy during development. Methods: Post-natal day 7 (P7) and P12 mice were investigated by tethered video-electroencephalographic (vEEG). The effects of GABAergic drugs phenobarbital (PB) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) were investigated at P7 and P12, respectively. 24h tethered vEEG was performed at P24, and telemetric 24h vEEG with 6h sleep deprivation was performed at P35. The effect of perampanel (PMP), an AMPA receptor antagonist, was investigated at P24. Results: Het+/- mice have spontaneous early-life seizures that lack an overt behavioral phenotype. These subclinical seizures are refractory to PB, but the GABAA receptor (GABAAR) antagonist PTZ significantly reduced seizure frequency suggesting that GABAergic signaling may promote seizure generation in Het+/- pups. At juvenile ages, Het+/- pups recapitulated the early emergence of high gamma (35-50Hz) during NREM and disruption of behavioral-state gamma homeostasis. This biomarker was significantly exacerbated in Het+/- pups after increasing sleep pressure with sleep deprivation. Significance: Seizures during development have adverse effects on cognitive function. Therefore, an improved understanding of the SYNGAP1 epilepsy during developmental ages is necessary to delineate the deleterious interactions between aberrant synaptic function and recurrent seizures. The development of evidence-based therapies for early-life intervention will benefit from these insights.
Does the Combination Matter? Examining the Influence of Alcohol and Cannabis Product Combinations on Simultaneous Use and Consequences in Daily Life

BACKGROUND Alcohol and marijuana/cannabis are frequently used simultaneously (i.e., SAM use). SAM use is complex, and the ways in which alcohol and cannabis are simultaneously used may reveal differential effects. The purpose of this study was to examine day-level effects of distinct alcohol and cannabis product combinations on simultaneous use and consequences on that day. METHODS College student SAM users (N = 274; 50% women; Mage = 19.82 years) were recruited to complete 54 days of data collection, including 5 repeated daily surveys each day. We identified 12 distinct product combinations reported during SAM-use days. We tested 4 reference groups, with one reflecting the most common use pattern and 3 potentially risky use patterns. We considered 3 outcomes (negative consequences, number of drinks, and number of cannabis uses) and used generalized linear mixed-effects models disentangling within- from between-person effects in all analyses. RESULTS Using multiple products (≥2) of alcohol was consistently linked to higher odds of experiencing a negative consequence. Combining beer with only one cannabis product (leaf or concentrate) was consistently associated with lower odds of a consequence. Combining cannabis with multiple alcohol products was associated with heavier alcohol consumption. Using dual cannabis products also was associated with heavier cannabis consumption, but this pattern was not significantly different than using concentrate only on a given day. CONCLUSION This is the first study to examine day-level influences of distinct alcohol and cannabis product combinations on consumption and consequences among young adult SAM users. Findings suggest that mixing alcohol products confers greater risk for negative consequences and heavier consumption, whereas there is little difference in cannabis consumption when using concentrate only vs. 2 cannabis products on a given day, except for concentrate + beer. Our findings support existing protective strategies of not mixing alcohol products and avoiding use of cannabis concentrate for SAM use as well.
C_4-face-magic toroidal labelings on C_m × C_n

For a graph G = (V, E) naturally embedded in the torus, let ℱ(G) denote the set of faces of G. Then, G is called a Cn-face-magic toroidal graph if there exists a bijection f : V(G) → {1, 2, …, |V(G)|} such that for every F ∈ ℱ(G) with F ≅ Cn, the sum of all the vertex labels along Cn is a constant S. Let xv = f(v) for all v ∈ V(G). We call {xv : v ∈ V(G)} a Cn-face-magic toroidal labeling on G. We show that, for all m, n ≥ 2, Cm × Cn admits a C4-face-magic toroidal labeling if and only if either m = 2, or n = 2, or both m and n are even. We say that a C4-face-magic toroidal labeling {xi, j : (i, j) ∈ V(C2m × C2n)} on C2m × C2n is antipodal balanced if $x_{i,j} + x_{i+m,j+n} = \tfrac{1}{2} S$, for all (i, j) ∈ V(C2m × C2n). We show that there exists an antipodal balanced C4-face-magic toroidal labeling on C2m × C2n if and only if the parity of m and n are the same. Furthermore, when both m and n are even, an antipodal balanced C4-face-magic toroidal labeling on C2m × C2n is both row-sum balanced and column-sum balanced. In addition, when m = n is even, an antipodal balanced C4-face-magic toroidal labeling on C2n × C2n is diagonal-sum balanced.
Parent Cooperative Early Childhood Settings: Empowering Family Strengths and Family Engagement for All Young Children

Parent cooperative preschools are unique educational enterprises because they involve the participation of parents and children. The purpose of this historical qualitative analysis examines the history of parent cooperative preschools and the contributions of this type of early childhood setting, including parent engagement in the classroom, family strengths (both personal and in the community), and the teacher’s role in the classroom as a facilitator, leader, and parent educator. Reflections from past parent cooperative board members of a parent cooperative are included sharing their personal contributions, joys, collaborations, and challenges of engagement in this type of early childhood program. The reflections from the parent cooperative board members share insight into the role they played in the awareness of early childhood education to society, family engagement, advocacy, and the critical importance of this type of early childhood setting for all young children. Parent cooperative preschools encourages families to engage in reciprocal relationships with teachers by offering learning activities for the home and in the community. They are associated with important values and virtues for families to grow and learn with their child.
Asian healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic: a long road to recovery.

Asian healthcare workers have experienced racism during the COVID-19 pandemic, including from the medical community, with potentially long-term consequences for those affected.
Evaluating spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on cannabis use disorder.

BACKGROUND Clinicians rely upon abstracts to provide them quick synopses of research findings that may apply to their practice. Spin can exist within these abstracts that distorts or misrepresents the findings. Our goal was to evaluate the level of spin within systematic reviews (SRs) focused on the treatment of cannabis use disorder (CUD). Methods: A systematic search was conducted in May 2020. To meet inclusion criteria, publications had to be either an SR or meta-analysis related to the treatment of cannabis use. Screening and data extraction was performed in a duplicate and masked fashion. Study quality was assessed using AMSTAR-2 Results: 16/24 SRs (66.7%) contained at least one form of spin in the abstract. The most common forms of spin identified were type 3-selective reporting of or overemphasis on efficacy outcomes or analysis favoring the beneficial effect of the experimental intervention (45.8%)-and type 8-the review's findings from a surrogate marker or a specific outcome to the global improvement of the disease (37.5%). No significant association between spin and intervention type, PRISMA requirements, or funding source was identified. Weak positive correlations were found between the presence of spin and abstract word count (r =.217) and between spin and AMSTAR-2 rating (r = 0.143). "Moderate" was the most common AMSTAR-2 rating (9/24, 37.5%), followed by "low" (7/24, 29.2%) and "critically low" (7/24, 29.2%). One systematic review received an AMSTAR-2 rating of "high" (1/24, 4.2%). Conclusions: Spin was common among abstracts from the SRs focused on the treatments for CUD. Higher quality studies may help reduce the overall rate as well as standardizing treatment outcomes. To facilitate this, we encourage all authors, peer-reviewers, and editors to be more aware of the various types of spin as they can help reduce the overall amount of spin seen within the literature.
Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment

Combining multiple therapies to formulate new therapeutic strategies has acquired great importance in the present scenario. So, customising better platforms to integrate such novel therapies is highly relevant in the field of health sciences. One of such formulation was the use of magnetic nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This is considered to be great tribute both for the medical practitioners and for the patients suffering from cancer and related diseases. This novel strategy helps in reducing the intense side effects that are produced by chemotherapeutics. In this chapter, we try to convey a brief outlook of different approaches that are available for recognising and curing cancer with the help of incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles. We have also discussed about the recent multimodal theranostic approaches which effectively reflect the application of nanotechnology in cancer therapy.
Psychopathology of Dementia: Psychology’s Pivotal Role

Biology does not completely explain dementia. We can neither predict nor confirm a diagnosis of dementia based purely on its biology. Recent studies looking at prevention using social interventions hold better promise for ameliorating the disease. Yet, we do not have a major theory to explain these outcomes without resorting to biology. By understanding that there are mediating and moderating psychological factors promoting dementia, we take a broader view of the disease than a simple binary approach. Psychology plays a vital role in this clinical disease, in how cognition affects dementia. The presumption is that all of cognition: perception, orientation, novelty, attention, the application of knowledge (praxis), calculation, language, abstract thinking, and memory can affect and bring about dementia. It is not dementia that causes cognitive decline but cognitive decline that causes dementia. The psychopathology of dementia can initiate dementia, moderate it by enhancing or retarding the progression of the disease or mediate the disease by acting as a confirmatory process. The tipping point expressed by apathy and depression heralds a change in cognition. The psychopathology of dementia is important in understanding the etiology of dementia as it holds the most promising avenue for curing some dementias.
Lipid Alterations in African American Prostate Cancer

African-American (AA) men are more than twice as likely to die of prostate cancer (PCa) than European American (EA) men. Previous in-silico analysis revealed enrichment of altered lipid metabolic pathways in pan-cancer AA tumors. Here, we performed global unbiased lipidomics profiling on 48 matched localized PCa and benign adjacent tissues (30 AA, 24 ancestry-verified, and 18 EA, 8 ancestry verified) and quantified 429 lipids belonging to 15 lipid classes. Significant alterations in long chain polyunsaturated lipids was observed between PCa and benign adjacent tissues, low and high Gleason tumors, as well as associated with early biochemical recurrence, both in the entire cohort, and within AA patients. Altered levels of cholesteryl esters, and phosphatidyl inositols delineated AA and EA PCa, while levels of triglycerides, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidic acid and cholesteryl esters distinguished AA and EA PCa patients with biochemical recurrence. These first-in-field results implicate lipid alterations as biological factors for prostate cancer disparities.
Neutrino Interactions in MiniBooNE

MiniBooNE uses the nuance neutrino event generator [1] to predict and simulate neutrino interactions in the detector. nuance includes a comprehensive cross-section model which considers known interactions in the neutrino energy range from ∼ 100 MeV to 1 TeV. Ninety-nine reactions are modeled separately and combined with nuclear models describing bound nucleon states and final-state interactions to predict event rates and kinematics.
Using organizational similarity to identify statistical interactions for improving situational awareness of CBRN activities

Distinctive combinations of attributes and behaviors lead us to improve on existing representations of terrorist organizations within a space of group properties. We review and extend a four-step procedure that discovers (statistical) interaction effects among relevant variables based on clusters of organizations derived from group properties. Application of this procedure to 395 terrorist groups in the period 1998-2005 identifies distinctive patterns of unconventional weapons activity and improves prediction of the groups that use or pursue chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) weapons.
A low complexity cryptosystem based on nonsystematic turbo codes

A novel symmetric cryptosystem based on turbo codes with nonsystematic constituent codes is proposed. The proposed system introduces an interleaver for each constituent code and secures the interleavers with a secret key. It is verified by simulation results that without affecting the performance of the intended receiver, complete security for the unintended receiver can be achieved. More specifically, while the bit-error rate (BER) of the intended receiver remains the same as that of the insecure turbo code, for the unintended receiver BER is close to 0.5. The implementation issues for key-dependent interleaver design based on linear feedback shift registers are also discussed.
Sudden death in the first 2 years of life following immunization in the Republic of Korea.

BACKGROUND: Because the peak age for incidence of sudden deaths in infancy temporally coincides with the age of infant primary immunization some have raised the question as to whether immunization is a risk factor for sudden death in infancy. Recent occurrence of two sudden deaths in infants in Korea has renewed concerns about the causal association between immunization and sudden deaths in infants. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of data from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Adverse Events Following Immunization Surveillance System and Vaccine Compensation programs. RESULTS: From 1994 to 2011 a total of 45 cases of sudden deaths in the first 2 years of life following immunization were reported in Korea. The causes of death were classified as follows: infectious diseases (n= 13); accidental injuries (n= 7); congenital abnormalities (n= 2); and malignancy (n= 1). Of 20 sudden deaths in infancy nine deaths met Brighton Collaboration case definition level I and II and therefore were classified as possible sudden infant death syndrome cases. Hepatitis B vaccine (n= 13) was the most frequent vaccine with temporal association with sudden deaths in the first 2 years of life. CONCLUSION: Few sudden deaths in the first 2 years of life following immunization have been reported despite the use of universal immunization in Korea. The majority of deaths in infancy did not meet case definition for sudden infant death syndrome. Encouraging investigators to perform thorough investigation including postmortem autopsy and death scene examination may promote data comparability and provide guidance on decision-making in the vaccine-safety monitoring and response system in Korea. (c) 2012 The Authors. Pediatrics International (c) 2012 Japan Pediatric Society.
The Destruction of the Holistic Approach to Admissions: The Pernicious Effects of Rankings

In this Article, I contend that the Supreme Court's recent decisions in Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger, affirming the continuing use of affirmative action in higher education in certain contexts, require selective educational institutions (law schools in particular) to use an evaluative admissions process or holistic approach. Per this approach, soft variables, including race and ethnicity, must be taken into account as part of the admissions process in order to produce a diverse student body. The reason why such an approach must be used in admissions is that members of underrepresented groups continue to score about one standard deviation below that of white applicants on high-stakes, standardized tests such as the LSAT.