cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
106 DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED PRODUCTION AND PURIFICATION PROTOCOLS FOR PRECLINICAL GRADE LENTIVIRAL VECTORS.

Major issues impacting the successful use of lentiviral vectors for preclinical studies in animals include low titers and the lack of standardized methods for titration. Other problems that impact the use of such vectors are poor purity and difficulties related to their large-scale production. We have implemented a number of improvements allowing more efficient lentivirus vector manufacturing. One improvement is related to the efficiency of production of second- and third-generation lentiviral vectors by transient transfection and the effects of culture additives during virus production. Another improvement concerns the relationships between p24 concentrations, transduction units, integration units, and virus RNA particle titers. A third improvement is related to contaminating host cell proteins. We used ultracentrifugation techniques involving density gradients made with iodixanol to aid in understanding the levels of virus proteins and host cell proteins in lentivirus vector preparations. Finally, we developed a scaleable protocol that can result in both viral concentration with little volume limitation and improved purification from serum proteins and cellular contaminants. We have used Mustang Q anion exchange cartridges (PALL) to concentrate and purify lentiviral vectors from crude cell culture supernatants. Mustang Q chromatography units are capable of replacing large chromatography columns due to the rate of mass transfer to the functional quarternary (Q) ammonium group. Thus, virus binding is not limited by slow diffusion into and out of the column pores because the flow is directly through convective pores. Consequently, the flow rate of Mustang Q chromatography units is very high.
STUDY ON THE PHASE-STATE RESTORARION OF GAS CONDENSATE RESERVOIRS

PVT data of gas condensate reservoir provide important parameters for reservoir numerical modeling and recovery planing. For various reasons, however, representative PVT samples of the initial development phase are often not available. Phase-state restoration is one of the methods usually used to solve this problem; but systematic study on the theories behind phase-state restoration is lacking. In the present work, the general principles of phase-state restoration of gas condensate reservoirs and their application to the Yinmai Well 7 in Tarimu basin are given. After data matching, phase-state restoration was performed directly on the effluents from the well at different formation pressure drawdowns. Restoration was also performed on mixed separator oil and gas samples assuming the GOR of the initial production phase or assuming a formation pressure equal to the dew pressure. Comparison is made on the influence of the two types of restoration on the fluids as being representative of the initial formation fluids.
Java Music Specification Language, v103 update.

Java Music Specification Language (JMSL, Didkovsky, Burk) is a Java package for algorithmic music composition, notation, interactive performance, and intelligent instrument design. Its Java foundation and support for MIDI and JSyn (Java Synthesizer, Burk) offers the composer real-time web deployment as well as the creation of stand alone musical applications. This paper describes a number of new features that have been added to JMSL and its notation package JScore, including: • A flexible transcriber which notates algorithmically generated music using heuristic search paths • MusicXML export of notated scores • A DimensionNameSpace interface which maps dimensions to names • Instrument classes which provide tighter integration with JSyn • Plug-in API that allow the composer to add algorithmic extensions to the notation editor.
[Factors associated with immunization of novel influenza A (H1N1) vaccine in Beijing, 2009].

2009年9月北京市重点人群接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗,并逐步将接种范围扩大到全人群.截止2009年12月31日估算接种率为12.58%.为了解甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种的影响因素,开展了此次调查。
Electrophysiological properties of cultured outer medullary collecting duct cells

Whole cell patch-clamp techniques were used to characterize the electrophysiological properties of cells from the inner stripe portion of the rabbit outer medullary collecting duct (OMCDi) grown in primary culture. With pipette and bathing solutions mimicking intracellular and extracellular fluid, the resting membrane voltage was -30 to -40 mV. The whole cell conductance exhibited slight outward rectification, and at the resting membrane voltage the cell conductance averaged 2.58 +/- 0.49 nS (n = 17). The major conductive ion species was Cl-. The Cl- conductance was also found to have a significant permeability to HCO3- and was inhibited by the Cl(-)-channel blockers diphenylamine carboxylic acid and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. A small K+ conductance was also present, but no Na+ conductance was detected. Current generated by the H(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (H(+)-ATPase) was quantitated. This current was dependent on the presence of ATP in the pipette. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N-eth...
Perioperative morbidity in children with elastin arteriopathy.

SummaryBackground Children with elastin arteriopathy (EA), the majority of whom have Williams–Beuren syndrome, are at high risk for sudden death. Case reports suggest that the risk of perioperative cardiac arrest and death is high, but none have reported the frequency or risk factors for morbidity and mortality in an entire cohort of children with EA undergoing anesthesia. Aim The aim of this study was to present one institution's rate of morbidity and mortality in all children with EA undergoing anesthesia and to examine patient characteristics that pose the greatest risk. Methods We reviewed medical records of children with EA who underwent anesthesia or sedation for any procedure at our institution from 1990 to 2013. Cardiovascular hemodynamic indices from recent cardiac catheterization or echocardiography were tabulated for each child. The incidence, type, and associated factors of complications occurring intraoperatively through 48 h postoperatively were examined. Results Forty-eight patients with confirmed EA underwent a total of 141 anesthetics. There were seven cardiac arrests (15% of patients, 5% of anesthetics) and nine additional intraoperative cardiovascular complications (15% of patients, 6% of anesthetics). Extracorporeal life support was initiated in five cases. There were no perioperative deaths. All children having a cardiac arrest or complication were <3 years old and had biventricular outflow tract obstruction (BVOTO). Subgroup analysis demonstrated high rates of cardiac arrest in two groups: children with BVOTO (44%) and age <3 years old (21%). Conclusions We have confirmed that the rate of cardiac arrest and complications is significantly elevated in children with EA undergoing anesthesia. Children <3 years old and with BVOTO were at the greatest risk in our population.
Sickness in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century

To enter the second half of the nineteenth century is to confront a choice. The volume of information about morbidity is much greater and extends through the European and Europeanized world, from Scandinavia to New Zealand. The record becomes richer in detail, revealing more about the individuals insured and more also about their sicknesses. Suddenly, the questions that might be answered exceed the space and resources available. My response will be to focus on the part of the world about which the most detailed information is available — Britain, especially England and Wales — and on questions attractive for their broad implications and for the degree to which they prepare us to understand twentieth-century sickness experience.
THE MANHATTAN PROJECT : AN ENDURING LEGACY

"The effects could well be called unprecedented, magnificent, beautiful, stupendous, and terrifying. No manmade phenomenon of such tremendous power had ever occurred before.. It lit every peak, crevasse and ridge of the nearby mountain range with a clarity and beauty that cannot be described but must be seen to be imagined. Seconds after the explosion came, the air blast pressed hard against the people watching, to be followed almost immediately by the strong, sustained, awesome roar which warned of doomsday and made us feel we puny things were blasphemous to dare tamper with the forces previously reserved for the Almighty" These are the words of Brigadier General Thomas Farrell, the hard-nosed soldier who was administrative deputy on the Manhattan Project. They were written over half a century ago, on the day after the first ever nuclear-bomb test, hut their sense of awe at the double-edged power of science continues even today.
The Emergence of Civil Society Networks

This chapter explores the factors that drive the emergence of formalised networks/coalitions of civil society actors in the supranational legal arena. Seven factors are key. The first is the dramatic increase of problems of global – rather than local – dimensions that are dealt with by civil society activists. Exemplary are environmental protection and human rights. The second factor is the diffusion of technology, which has decreased the costs of trans-boundary communications, providing means for non-state actors to communicate with greater frequency. The globalisation of mass media is the third factor that is driving the tendency to a networked civil society. The fourth factor consists of the dramatic increase of transportation of goods and people around the world. A fifth catalyst of a networked civil society is globalized knowledge. This has enabled a growth in interactions between students, scholars, universities, think tanks and other centres of cultural activity, and is shaping the identity of future civil society leaders. Fundraising is the sixth factor behind the emergence of civil society coalitions. Finally, but decisively, this Chapter explains the growing prominence of coalitions of civil society actors by addressing the benefits for both non-state actors and supranational regulators that result from joining into a network. Benefits for civil society actors include increased visibility and opportunity for advocacy. Benefits for supranational regulators include the chance to improve their accountability/legitimacy and reduce costs.
Introduction: Why a White Christ Continues to Be Racist: The Legacy of Albert B. Cleage Jr.

Easter Sunday 2017 will mark the 50-year anniversary of Albert B. Cleage Jr.’s unveiling of a mural of the Black Madonna and child in his church in Detroit, Michigan. This unveiling symbolized a radical theological departure and disruption. The mural helped symbolically launch Black Christian Nationalism and influenced the Black Power movement in the USA. But 50 years later, what has been the lasting impact of this act of theological innovation? What is the legacy of Cleage’s emphasis on the literal blackness of Jesus? How has the idea of a Black Madonna and child informed notions of black womanhood, motherhood? LGBTQ communities? How has Cleage’s theology influenced Christian education, Africana pastoral theology, and the Black Arts Movement? The contributors to this work discuss answers to these and many more questions.
CMOS-integrated memristors for neuromorphic architectures

High-density memristor arrays are integrated on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) substrates for neuromorphic circuit architectures. Advancing previously-reported work on Ag-filament memristor arrays [1], memristor operation is shown both in conjunction with CMOS multiplexer (MUX) circuits and in a “direct-access” configuration in which cross-bars are directly connected via CMOS interconnects to probe pads. The memristor arrays provide a high-density analog memory technology intended for CMOS-based neuromorphic architectures, Fig. 1 and [2]. Electrical data is shown for cross-bar arrays fabricated at 400-nm pitch with each memristor exhibiting intrinsic rectifying behavior, a beneficial feature for array operation. Forward-reverse-bias current ratios exceed 103 at ±1.5 V. Devices are programmed to four distinct resistance states, demonstrating utility as an analog memory with an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 2. Devices are fabricated and characterized across a 2” 180-nm-node CMOS wafer. Fabrication results are shown for 100-nm-pitch cross-bar arrays which enable effective bit densities greater than 1010 bits/cm2.
Interoperable wireless sensor network model using multi-agent-based middleware

In this paper, a novel interoperable wireless sensor network (WSN) model using multi-agent-based middleware are proposed. This model provided generalized frameworks to address some critical issues existed in the WSN such as interoperability, time synchronization, power management and distributed computation. To address these issues, we developed a model that was based IEEE 1451 and IEEE 1588 standards to address sensor interoperability issue and adjust time synchronization issue respectively. To implement distributed computation in WSN, a multi-agent-based middleware was integrated into the model. It allows us to build a WSN system with efficient parallel processing capability and higher reliability of system operations. Moreover, we developed a unique mathematical framework to derive optimal sleep duty cycle using a reliability model referred to as generalize access structure congestion (GGC) system [1]. Using these analysis results, we can determine an optimal power management schemes by computing an efficient duty cycle in any multi agent-based WSN.
Elk management and policy in southern Greater Yellowstone: Assessing the constitutive process

The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA, is recognized globally as a model for land and wildlife conservation, management, and policy. A major policy problem in the region is the highly contentious winter feeding of elk (Cervus elaphus) on 23 government feed grounds in western Wyoming through cooperative management under several state and federal agencies. Numerous non-governmental groups and concerned citizens are also affected by elk management or seek to contribute to management policies. The long-term controversy shows that this issue centers on how management and policy should be made and who should be involved in decision-making—the constitutive policy process. This paper examines and appraises the constitutive process in this case, including how competency, authority, and control are allocated. It also looks at how institutions, analytic techniques, procedures, and people are structured, selected, and included or excluded in decision-making processes. Our data come from a multi-method approach over the past decade, including participant-observation, historical literature, interviews, media analysis, and technical reports. Our analysis shows that institutional dynamics severely constrain the scope of deliberations, the production of practical problem definitions, and the search for improvements in elk management. We recommend that participants focus on the constitutive level of policy making, i.e., the underlying structure and functioning of policy processes, learn how these elements function and affect processes and outcomes, and learn to configure them in ways that embody democratic principles, serve common interests, and resolve policy problems.
Limiting Native Oxide Regrowth for High-k Gate Dielectrics

A cleaning process resulting in atomically smooth, hydrogen-terminated, silicon surface that would inhibit formation of native silicon oxide is needed for high-k gate dielectric deposition. Various cleaning methods thus need to be tested in terms of resistance to native oxide formation. Native oxide re-growth is studied as a function of exposure time to atmospheric ambient using ellipsometry. Hafnium dioxide film (k ~23) is deposited on the as-cleaned substrates by electron beam evaporation and subsequently annealed in hydrogen. The difference in the effective oxide thickness re-grown on surfaces treated with the conventional RCA and modified Shiraki cleaning methods, after one-hour exposure, can be as large as 2 A. This is significant in device applications demanding equivalent oxide thickness less than 20 A. The degree of hydrogen passivation, surface micro-roughness and organic removal capability are considered to be the main factors that explain the differences between the cleaning methods. Data derived from capacitance-voltage analysis of test capacitors verified the trend observed in the native oxide thickness measurements. An increase of 10~15 % in accumulation capacitance is observed in the samples treated by the new cleaning method.
Malignancies and ustekinumab: an analysis of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System and the European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Pharmacovigilance database

Ustekinumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that targets the common p40 subunit shared by interleukins (IL)-12 and IL-23, approved in the United States and in Europe on September 2009, for treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis and on September 2016 for moderately to severely active Crohn's disease1. Pre-marketing studies supported an acceptable risk-to-benefit profile2-4. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of Asphalt Pavement Distresses in Main Roadways in Al-Diwaniyah City

يتاثر التبليط الأسفلتي بالعديد من العوامل التي تؤثر على أدائه وقابليته للخدمة، كما أن عوامل مثل الأحمال المفرطة للمرور، ودرجات الحرارة، والماء، وأخطاء التصميم والتنفيذ، والافتقار إلى الصيانة، تجعل من الرصيف يتعرض لتدهور سريع مع مرور الوقت. ان تجاوز درجات الحرارة ال50 سيليزيه في العراق من دون السيطرة على الأحمال المرورية وليس هناك خطط في إدارة الصيانة يؤدي إلى ظهور عيوب شديده في معظم الطرق في العراق. ان تحسين نظام إدارة صيانة الطرق يؤدي الى تقليل الوقت والتكلفة، ويؤدي مسح حالة الرصيف دورا كبيرا في إدارة الرصيف على مستوى شبكة النقل التي توفر المعلومات عن أداء الرصيف. تم اختيار ثلاثة طرق رئيسية مختلفة في مدينة الديوانية وتم مسح كمية العيوب باستخدام طريقتين: تقييم الخدمة الحالية ومؤشر حالة الرصف لتحديد أداء الرصيف, وقد تم تحديد 10 عيوب في رصيف الأسفلت من اصل (19) من العيوب التي وردت في طريقة PCI. ان الشقوق هي الأكثر كثافة في الرصيف يليها التخدد والحفر أما بقية العيوب فهي أقل كثافه وكلها بسبب سوء تصميم الخلطه الاسفلتيه وسوء التنفيذ. وأظهرت النتائج أن آراء مستخدمي الطرق المدروسة تأثرت بشكل رئيسي بوعورة الطرق، وإن قيم PSR تسجل تصنيفا متوسط للطرق التي تمت دراستها ومن طريقة PCI تصنف بضعيف وهذا يعني أن العراقيين أكثر تحملا للصعوبات التي يواجهونها أثناء استخدام الطرق. يجب اجراء مسح دوري يتضمن استقصاء لشبكة النقل و يتألف من قاعدة للبيانات.
The Prevention of Suicide in Adults

Were it not for the fact that the great majority of those who set out to commit suicide are ambivalent about it, writing (or reading) a chapter about suicide prevention would be a waste of time. The subject invites attention, however, because most would-be suicides are not at all sure they wish to go all the way over the edge. For every person who successfully commits suicide, a hundred will attempt it. Most patients who become seriously suicidal do not remain so for very long periods—self-destructive fever ameliorates. Only a small fraction remain continuously and seriously suicidal over many months or years. Because most patients are not at all sure they wish to do away with themselves, they are likely to involve others in their self-destructive enterprises, and to make us a part of their struggle in the choice between living and dying. The majority of would-be suicides are prepared to accept our preventative interventions, with whatever mixture of feelings. A discussion of suicide-prevention makes sense because for the very great majority of patients suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem (as Ed Shneidman is fond of reminding us); these patients commonly thank us for interfering with their lethal designs and activities once their psychological distress has been ameliorated. For a small and resolute minority, therapeutic efforts at suicide prevention will fail; some of these will have been more or less intent on dying from the beginning. Some others incline more and more toward death with the passing of time despite all outside efforts to reverse the lethal trend.
Diagnosis and Management of Ischemic Stroke

Until relatively recently, ischemic stroke management was a classic example of “diagnose and adios.” Care of patients presenting to the hospital or clinic with symptoms of stroke consisted of aspirin followed by rehabilitation, with few disease-specific strategies directed toward optimal treatment and outcomes. The past two decades have witnessed an explosion of research into ischemic stroke. We now have specific therapies and management strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality. This chapter will first discuss the identification of patients with ischemic stroke, followed by acute treatment, in-patient management, and secondary stroke prevention.
Iowa Medicaid Non-Emergency Medical Transportation System Review and Options for Improvements

Inadequate transportation has long been identified as a major issue in rural Iowa, and it is particularly acute for people of all ages with disabilities and their families, including Medicaid members. Currently, Medicaid members are reimbursed for transporting themselves, or providers are reimbursed for transporting individuals, which places the bulk of the responsibility on consumers, Iowa Department of Human Services (DHS) Income Maintenance workers and case managers. Under a statewide, Medicaid-funded transportation brokerage, Iowa Medicaid Enterprise (IME) would contract with an entity to (1) establish a network of transportation providers; (2) maintain a call center; (3) ensure compliance with Medicaid regulations related to eligibility of the individual and trip; (4) arrange and pay for the trips; and (5) monitor services and transportation providers for compliance and quality. States that have established brokerages have, in general, experienced an increase in the number of trips and a reduction in the cost per trip. A goal of the study was to provide guidance for consistent access to non-emergency health care services by pointing the way towards coordinated non-emergency medical transportation services through a centralized transportation brokerage.
Pathfinding and Synaptic Specificity of Regenerating Spinal Axons in the Lamprey

Recent developments in fetal CNS implantation and use of peripheral nerve bridges and grafts to circumvent a scar have led to optimism that regeneration of injured axons in the CNS may some day be used as a strategy in the treatment of CNS injuries (Bjorkland and Stenevi 1984; David and Aguayo 1981; Reier 1985; Reier et al. 1983 b). Spinal cord injuries are of particular concern because so much function passes through such a restricted cross-section of CNS and even relatively minor contusions often lead, via vascular reactions, to complete functional transection. Despite evidence of anatomical regeneration of fibers into the distal segments of spinal cord (David and Aguayo 1981; Bregman 1987), bridging and grafting experiments have not yet resulted in functional restoration in spinal cord-injured mammals. Unfortunately, it is difficult in such preparations to answer some fundamental questions concerning the fate of regenerating fibers. Do they conduct normal electrical impulses? Do they regenerate in a specific direction? Can they form physiologically functioning synapses with target neurons distal to the lesion? Are such synapses random or are they specific in some way which might lead to functional recovery? And finally, what guides the regenerating axon as it grows?
Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of CdSe Nanoplatelets

Transient absorption (TA) spectra of 4.5 monolayer thick CdSe nanoplatelets are analyzed in terms of the heavy hole electronic structure. The nanoplatelets are treated with 4-methylbenzenethiol (MB...
U.S. Climate Change Litigation in the Age of Trump: Year One

In its first year, the Trump Administration undertook a program of extensive climate change deregulation. The Administration delayed and initiated the reversal of rules that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from stationary and mobile sources; sought to expedite fossil fuel development, including in previously protected areas; delayed or withdrew energy efficiency standards; undermined consideration of climate change in environmental review; and hindered adaptation to the impacts of climate change. However, the Trump Administration’s efforts have met with constant resistance, with those committed to climate protections bringing legal challenges to many, if not most, of the rollbacks. This paper seeks to give shape to the current moment in climate change litigation, categorizing and reviewing dozens of climate change cases filed during 2017 to understand how litigation countered—and at times courted—the influx of climate change deregulation during the first year of the Trump Administration. The analysis focuses specifically on “climate change cases,” defined as cases that raise climate change as an issue of fact or law in the U.S. Climate Change Litigation database, maintained by the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law and Arnold & Porter. To explain the effects of climate change litigation in 2017, this paper sorted cases into five categories: 1) defending Obama Administration climate change policies & decisions; 2) demanding transparency & scientific integrity from the Trump Administration; 3) integrating consideration of climate change into environmental review & permitting; 4) advancing or enforcing additional climate protections through the courts; and 5) deregulating climate change, undermining climate protections, or targeting climate protection supporters.
Increases in body mass index and cardiovascular risk factors during methadone maintenance treatment.

Objective: This study describes changes in weight and cardiovascular risk factors over time among individuals enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder. Demographic and clinical predictors of weight gain were also evaluated. Design: This study was a retrospective chart review evaluating data over a period of 3 years. Setting: Medical records of individuals enrolled in an academic research outpatient methadone maintenance treatment program were reviewed. Patients: Seventy-four individuals who were admitted and retained in methadone maintenance treatment for at least 3 consecutive years were included. Outcome measures: Annual weight was assessed by calculating body mass index (BMI). Changes over time in cardiovascular risk factors of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia were also assessed. Results: The percentage of patients categorized as overweight, obese, or morbidly obese BMI increased from 42 percent (n = 31) at admission to 76 percent (n = 56), 82 percent (n = 61), and 88 percent (n = 65) at 1, 2, and 3 years post-admission, respectively. Hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia also tended to increase following admission. BMI increases tended to be greater for those with a higher dose of methadone, as well as for females and Black/African American individuals. No other predictors of weight gain were identified. Conclusions: These data indicate that methadone maintenance treatment is associated with clinically meaningful weight gain and increases in cardiovascular risk factors. Given the importance of methadone maintenance for treatment of opioid use disorder, future research should examine additional predictors and potential mechanisms of weight gain among methadone patients and develop tailored interventions including nutritional knowledge and lifestyle recommendations.
Do asymmetries in ENSO predictability arise from different recharged states

Prospects for El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictability at long lead-times lie in the subsurface oceanic memory along the equatorial Pacific. Long considered a reliable precursor to ENSO, the oceanic heat content in springtime, often referred to as the recharge-discharge, is considered the most promising indicator of an ENSO event to come. In this study, we utilize January initialized hindcasts from the North American Multi-model Ensemble (NMME) over 1982–2010 to confront the hypothesis that the springtime recharge is a skillful predictor of ENSO the following winter. We find that the NMME ensemble mean predictions for the springtime recharge are highly skilled, even at a 10-months lead. Overall, as an independent predictor of ENSO, the springtime recharge-discharge tips the scale towards like-sign ENSO, but the spread of ENSO outcomes remains large. In both observations and the NMME predictions, recharged (discharged) states rarely evolve into La Nina (El Nino) events, yet an ENSO-neutral state is as likely to occur after a preconditioned state as is a like-sign ENSO event, particularly in observations. However, more often than in observations, the initialized predictions follow springtime recharged, neutral, and discharged states with El Nino, ENSO-neutral, and La Nina events, respectively, indicating that the NMME underestimates the uncertainty in nature. Predictions from initially recharged and discharged states also produce comparable signal-to-noise ratios in December ENSO predictions over the hindcast period. Therefore, in the realistic forecast setting considered, neither a recharged nor a discharged state produces a more predictable ENSO outcome, which is at odds with conclusions from recent predictability studies.
Specifying and Synthesizing Human-Robot Handovers

We present a controller for human-robot handovers that is automatically synthesized from high-level specifications in Signal Temporal Logic (STL). In contrast to existing controllers, this approach can provide formal guarantees on the timing of each of the handover phases. Using synthesis also allows end-users to specify and dynamically change the robot’s behaviors using high-level requirements of goals and constraints rather than by tuning low-level controller parameters. We illustrate the proposed approach by replicating the behavior of existing handover strategies from the literature. We also identify specification parameters that are likely to lead to successful handovers using a public database of human-human handovers.
Réflexion sur l’occurrence de l’erreur en FLE auprès des apprenants multilingues anglophones

Ce numero s’est ambitionne de mener une reflexion sur l’analyse de l’occurrence de l’erreur. Ainsi, ont ete cernees des difficultes d’ordre grammaticales a l’oral et a l’ecrit auxquelles font face des apprenants kenyans du FLE au lycee. Pour y arriver, nous nous sommes concentres sur les erreurs qui caracterisent le plus, les productions orales et ecrites des apprenants. Nous avons dans ce but, collecte des donnees ecrites et orales aupres de 96 de ces lyceens venus de huit lycees de Nairobi et de sa banlieue. Ces huit lycees comprennent quatre lycees de filles et quatre lycees de garcons. Les eleves de deuxieme, troisieme, quatrieme annee et derniere annees du lycee representent le groupe-echantillon des participants dans les huit lycees. Deux tâches linguistiques ont ete proposees aux participants : un exercice d'expression ecrite et un travail d'expression orale sur un theme donne. Ces activites orales et ecrites etaient identiques pour l’ensemble des trois seances ainsi que pour tous les participants en deuxieme, troisieme et quatrieme annees ayant les memes consignes. Nous avons releve des erreurs morphosyntaxiques portant sur les syntagmes nominaux et verbaux dans les productions ecrites et orales recueillies aupres des lyceens kenyans. Malgre la difficulte de dissocier des elements morphologiques et lexicaux (Alvarado 2017), cette description a tente d’analyser ces erreurs. La description et etiologie des erreurs a ete realisee a partir d'une grille repertoriant quatre grandes categories d’erreurs, a savoir, les erreurs par substitution, par omission, par addition et par positionnement/placement.[1] [1] J.-L.Bouraoui et al 2007 Prolegomenes a l’etude des erreurs en production ecrite. Propositions en vue de la mise au point d’une grille d’analyse. Consultez a l’adresse : https://www.irit.fr/esacimc/calame_grille080507.pdf
Design Space Exploration for Chiplet-Assembly-Based Processors

Recent advancements in 2.5-D integration technologies have made chiplet assembly a viable system design approach. Chiplet assembly is emerging as a new paradigm for heterogeneous design at lower cost, design effort, and turnaround time and enables low-cost customization of hardware. However, the success of this approach depends on identifying a minimum chiplet set which delivers these benefits. We develop the first microarchitectural design space exploration framework for chiplet assembly-based processors which enables us to identify the minimum set of chiplets to design and manufacture. Since chiplet assembly makes heterogeneous technology and cost-effective application-dependent customization possible, we show the benefits of using multiple systems built from multiple chiplets to service diverse workloads (up to 35% improvement in energy-delay product over a single best system) and advantages of chiplet assembly approaches over system-on-chip (SoC) methodology in terms of total cost (up to 72% improvement in cost) while satisfying the energy and performance constraints of individual applications.
Measurement of Nutrition Environments in Grocery Stores, Convenience Stores, and Restaurants in the Lower Mississippi Delta.

Introduction The Lower Mississippi Delta is characterized by several factors associated with poor diet quality. Our objective was to measure local nutrition environments of pregnant women and their infants who participated in a nutrition and physical activity intervention to assess environmental exposures potentially influencing their dietary habits. Methods We measured the nutrition environments of 5 towns in which participants resided by using the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for grocery stores, convenience stores, full-service restaurants, and fast food restaurants. We used general linear models to test for differences in ratio scores, calculated by dividing each food outlet score by the maximum score possible, among food outlet classes and subclasses. Results Mean total ratio scores (expressed as percentages) for the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey among 4 classes of food outlets were significantly different from one another except for convenience stores and full-service restaurants. On average, grocery stores (n = 11) had 54% of maximum points possible, followed by full-service restaurants (21%; n = 50), convenience stores (16%; n = 86), and fast food restaurants (8%; n = 119). We found no significant differences in mean total ratio scores among convenience store subclasses. For fast food restaurant subclasses, stand-alone restaurants (n = 81) had 19% of maximum points possible, significantly higher than grocery store delicatessens (6%; n = 8), corner stores that sold fast food (3%; n = 5), and gas stations that sold fast food (4%; n = 25). Conclusion These 5 Lower Mississippi Delta towns scored low on nutrition environment measures associated with healthful eating. Behavioral interventions designed to bring about positive changes in dietary habits of rural residents are needed; however, effects may be minimal if environmental factors supportive of healthful eating are not available.
Abstract IA06: The tissue-specific microenvironment in primary tumors and metastases

Cancer cells within tumors exist in specialized niches in the microenvironment. The tumor cells are heterogeneous and can have properties as divergent as self-renewal, tumor initiation and repopulation potential, dormancy, evasion of cell death, and metastasis. Metastasis is the major cause of poor outcome in breast cancer. The microenvironment is critical for regulating multiple aspects of tumor progression and metastasis. Understanding the processes involved in metastasis is critical for developing new preventative and therapeutic strategies. We have analyzed the matrix environment and its function in tumor progression using in vivo imaging, genetic models of breast cancer, patient-derived xenografts, organotypic cultures, and patient samples. We have found that the matrix environment and the innate immune cells responding to the primary tumor and infiltrating the metastatic sites are critical for regulating tumor invasion and metastasis. Indeed, the inflammatory microenvironment of metastatic sites was distinct from that of the parental tumor and the normal tissue, even before metastasis takes hold. Interplay between nonmetastatic primary breast cancer and innate immune response acts to control metastatic progression. At the single-cell level, early-stage metastatic cells possess a distinct stemlike gene expression signature. The metastatic cells and the microenvironment are distinct in different metastatic sites and from the primary tumor. Micrometastatic cells are distinct due to their increased expression of basal, stem cell, prosurvival, and dormancy-associated genes. In contrast, cells from macrometastases are similar to primary tumor cells, which are more differentiated and heterogeneous. We validated our findings with a large primary breast cancer tissue microarray and pleural effusions from breast cancer patients. These results suggest that novel cancer immunotherapies that activate and augment the function of antitumoral myeloid subpopulations could have therapeutic potential and be clinically important for patients with advanced breast cancer. Citation Format: Zena Werb, Hugo Gonzalez, Juliane Winkler, Eric Berens. The tissue-specific microenvironment in primary tumors and metastases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr IA06.
Biodegradable and active-intelligent films based on methylcellulose and jambolão (Syzygium cumini) skins extract for food packaging

Abstract Natural and environmentally friendly molecules are high on demand in the development of active and intelligent food packaging, to decrease food deterioration and indicate the products freshness, while preventing nature pollution. Jambolao (Syzygium cumini) is rich in anthocyanins, known by their antioxidant properties and color changing in different pH environments. In the present study, active and pH-sensitive films were produced by the incorporation of jambolao skins extract in methylcellulose films. Packaging related properties, crystallinity, contact angles, microstructure and thermal properties were determined to identify the effects of different concentrations of jambolao skins extract (0, 10, 30 and 50%). pH-sensitivity properties were determined by changes in color over a pH range (1–10) and antioxidant activity was measured by the free radical scavenging ability. Biodegradability was determined in soil and sea water. Overall, incorporation of jambolao skins extract in methylcellulose films improved mechanical and barrier performance by increasing the cohesiveness of the matrix structures. Color changes occurred in films by altering pH because of the pH-sensitivity of anthocyanins structure. Radical scavenging assays showed that films incorporated with higher concentrations of jambolao skins extract presented similar scavenging ability as the pure extract. The active-intelligent films produced were biodegraded in sea water in two days and soil in 15 days. Such films offer the combined benefits to increase foods shelf life and indicate products freshness, at the same time that contribute to the decrease of environment pollution. Potential applications include meat and aquatic products, where lipid oxidation occurs, and the pH modification of the food is associated with spoilage.
Intelligent Agents for Design and Synthesis Environments: My Summary

This presentation gives a summary of intelligent agents for design synthesis environments. We'll start with the conclusions, and work backwards to justify them. First, an important assumption is that agents (whatever they are) are good for software engineering. This is especially true for software that operates in an uncertain, changing environment. The "real world" of physical artifacts is like that: uncertain in what we can measure, changing in that things are always breaking down, and we must interact with non-software entities. The second point is that software engineering techniques can contribute to good design. There may have been a time when we wanted to build simple artifacts containing little or no software. But modern aircraft and spacecraft are complex, and rely on a great deal of software. So better software engineering leads to better designed artifacts, especially when we are designing a series of related artifacts and can amortize the costs of software development. The third point is that agents are especially useful for design tasks, above and beyond their general usefulness for software engineering, and the usefulness of software engineering to design.
Gravitational wave peak luminosity model for precessing binary black holes

When two black holes merge, a tremendous amount of energy is released in the form of gravitational radiation in a short span of time, making such events among the most luminous phenomenon in the Universe. Models that predict the peak luminosity of black hole mergers are of interest to the gravitational wave community, with potential applications in tests of general relativity. We present a surrogate model for the peak luminosity that is directly trained on numerical relativity simulations of precessing binary black holes. Using Gaussian process regression, we interpolate the peak luminosity in the seven-dimensional parameter space of precessing binaries with mass ratios $q\ensuremath{\le}4$ and spin magnitudes ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{1}$, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{2}\ensuremath{\le}0.8$. We demonstrate that our errors in estimating the peak luminosity are lower than those of existing fitting formulas by about an order of magnitude. In addition, we construct a model for the peak luminosity of aligned-spin binaries with mass ratios $q\ensuremath{\le}8$ and spin magnitudes $|{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{1z}|,|{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{2z}|\ensuremath{\le}0.8$. We apply our precessing model to infer the peak luminosity of the GW event GW190521 and find the results to be consistent with previous predictions.
Responsible Sourcing: The First Step Is the Hardest

Responsible sourcing is a priority for companies and consumers concerned with corporate social responsibility (CSR) in global supply chains. Most brands' product lines contain just a few products certified by third parties- which suggests that brands limit their efforts at ensuring that suppliers behave responsibly. In this paper, we examine a previously under-appreciated role of certifications: that certifications enable brands to learn about how to source responsibly. By successfully certifying even a single product, the certifying brand may enjoy positive, knowledge-based spillovers encouraging responsible sourcing throughout its product line. Using data on the responsible sourcing decisions of coffee brands in the $48B US consumer market, we find that certifying brands' rates of CSR violations (adjusted for disparities in production volume and detection) are similarly low regardless of whether the brand's portfolio is 3% certified or 100% certified- consistent with learning-based spillover effects. Certifying brands' violation rates are an estimated 61-78% lower than for comparable brands that make no CSR claims. While we find that brands making their own uncertified, on-packaging CSR claims also exhibit low CSR violation rates, their low violation rates are nearly entirely explained by the countries from which they source. In contrast, certifying brands appear uniquely able to source responsibly even from within "high-risk" countries. Our work novelly suggests that prevalent dual-sourcing may surprisingly amplify, rather than limit, responsible sourcing in supply chains, and that certified sourcing valuably develops the pool of responsible suppliers in high-risk countries.
Fast Detection of Beta Galactosidase and Enzyme Kinetics with 4-Aminophenyl-β-D-Galactopyranoside as Substrate

Beta-galactosidase (β-Gal) is an important enzyme utilized to determine cell senescence and understand disease pathology, among being utilized for several biosensing applications. This key biomarke...
cultivating oppositional debt ethics and consciousness: philosophy for/with children as counter-conduct in the neoliberal debt economy

Neste artigo, examino quais sao as implicacoes eticas e politicas de conceituar e praticar filosofia para/com criancas (FpcC) na economia da divida neoliberal. Embora a FpcC nao possa, por si so, trazer qualquer transformacao significativa das realidades politico-economicas da divida, ela pode desempenhar um papel importante no cultivo da etica e da consciencia da divida oposicionista. A primeira metade deste artigo situa a FpcC dentro da atual economia global da divida. Aqui, somam-se as analises feitas por teoricos criticos sobre as maneiras como a divida impacta as instituicoes publicas (incluindo escolas) e molda a subjetividade individual. A segunda metade deste artigo se baseia na conceituacao de "contra-conduta" de Michel Foucault. Para Foucault, a contra-conduta e um ato etico/politico de resistencia a governamentalidade, que viabiliza relacoes sociais alternativas e modos de estar no mundo. Defendo nesta secao que FpcC deve ser conceituada e praticada como uma forma de contra-conduta que desafia o poder na economia da divida. Tanto a forma da pedagogia do FpcC quanto o conteudo que pode ser abordado de maneira coletiva nas comunidades de investigacao tornam o FpcC um local potencial para praticas de contra-divida. Pensado como contra-conduta, o FpcC e uma pratica educacional com promessa libertadora. Concluo este artigo com breves reflexoes sobre a pratica do FpcC na epoca do COVID e durante as revoltas ao redor do mundo contra o capitalismo racial. Sugere-se aqui que a FpcC nao seja praticada apenas em ambientes de educacao formal, mas tambem nos movimentos sociais que lutam para fazer nascer um mundo mais justo para todos nos.
Why is New Hampshire More Competitive than Pennsylvania? Historical Electoral Competitiveness and Swing State Selection

The electoral competitiveness of a geographic area, such as a US state, is usually measured as the deviation of the ex post election outcome from a tie, which assumes campaigns have perfect foresight expectations about the outcome, ignores prior election results, and does not account for over-time variation within a state. This paper introduces a measure of historical estimated electoral competitiveness that incorporates past election results and over-time volatility. The measure explains presidential campaigns’ advertising spending in 2008 and 2012 better than other frequently-used measures. Results from elections four decades past exert a signiﬁcant eﬀect on campaign expenditures in the 2008 and 2012 elections. The 1976 election appears particularly inﬂuential in recent campaign spending patterns. Historical estimated competitiveness shows that Romney’s campaign overspent in New Hampshire and Wisconsin in 2012, and both campaigns underspent in Ohio in 2008 and 2012.
Energy consumption models for delivery drones: A comparison and assessment

Abstract Energy consumption is a critical constraint for drone delivery operations to achieve their full potential of providing fast delivery, reducing cost, and cutting emissions. This paper provides a uniform framework to facilitate understanding different drone energy consumption models and the inter-relationships between key factors and performance measures to facilitate decision making for drone delivery operations. We review, classify and assess drone energy consumption models. We then document the very wide variations in the modeled energy consumption rates resulting from differences in: (1) the scopes and features of the models; (2) the specific designs of the drones; and (3) the details of their assumed operations and uses. The results show that great care must be taken in adopting a particular drone energy consumption model and that more research is needed, especially empirical research, to ensure the selected model accurately reflects delivery drone designs and uses.