cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endovascular treatment for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the ninth decade of life and beyond

Objective As the population ages, clinicians will be faced with difficult decisions regarding treatment of elderly patients presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Previous data have led to continued pessimism by some clinicians treating elderly and very elderly patients presenting with aSAH. The aim of this study was to present our experience in the very elderly treated with endovascular coiling after presentation with aSAH. Methods Retrospective review of all patients 80 years of age or older presenting with aSAH who underwent coil embolization. Primary outcomes of interest were functional outcome, as assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale score, and inhospital mortality. Results During the study period, 16 patients aged 80 years or older presenting with aSAH underwent coil embolization; nine (56%) had a poor outcome at the 6 month follow-up while seven (44%) had a good outcome. The inhospital mortality rate was 50%. Of those patients alive at discharge, seven out of eight (88%) patients had a good outcome. Variables associated with poor outcome included higher Hunt and Hess score (p=0.010), use of balloon assistance/remodeling (p=0.025), and presence of coronary artery disease (p=0.006). Conclusions Not surprisingly, we found that very elderly patients presenting with aSAH have a high inhospital mortality rate. However, those patients who survive to discharge have a surprisingly robust chance at good functional recovery when treated with coil embolization. We believe these results support offering endovascular coil embolization, when feasible, to very elderly patients presenting with aSAH.
Effects of Ozone on Reproduction of Twospotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) on White Clover

Twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a significant pest of peanut, Arachis hypogeae L., that continues to present problems as an induced pest despite recent widespread implementation of IPM practices. Effects of ozone (O3) on reproduction of twospotted spider mites feeding on an O3-sensitive clone and an O3-resistant clone of white clover, Trifolium repens L., were investigated in a greenhouse in continuous-stirred tank reactor chambers. Mite eggs of narrow age distribution (approximately 6 h) were placed on white clover plants exposed to 5 treatment levels of O3. Constant amounts of O3 were added to charcoal-filtered air for 6 h per day to achieve 5 mean concentrations ranging from 10 to 112 nl per liter. Plants were exposed to O3 approximately 9 d before infestation with mites; daily exposures continued for approximately 20 d after mite infestation. The developmental stage of each mite was recorded at approximately 2-d intervals until females were sexually mature (approximately 10 d) and began ovipositing. Thereafter, the cumulative number of eggs produced per mite was recorded. After approximately 5 d of oviposition, each adult mite was removed and the percentage hatch of eggs remaining on each plant was measured for an additional 5 d. Ozone caused more chlorosis and necrosis on the O3-sensitive clover clone than on the O3-resistant clover clone. Increasing O3 levels caused a significant linear decrease in developmental period of the mites. Estimates of time to 1st oviposition decreased linearly with increasing O3. Estimates of time of 1st hatch of 2nd-generation eggs decreased linearly with increasing O3. Elevated O3 levels appear to decrease the time required for female mites to develop from egg to ovipositing adult, which may have a profound effect on the intrinsic rate of population increase. Different responses by mites feeding on resistant plants versus susceptible plants suggests that this is a plant-mediated response.
Effect of a Moderate Blood Exchange with Fluosol-Da 20% on the Disposition of Digoxin in the Dog

The effect of a perfluorochemical blood substitute (Fluosol-DA 20%) on the disposition kinetics of digoxin in the dog was studied. An intravenous dose of digoxin was administered at either 0.25 or 24 hours following a 30% blood exchange with the dog’s own blood (SHAM group) or Fluosol-DA (treatment group). A significant change in the initial volume of distribution and mean residence time in the serum was noted when digoxin was administered 0.25 hours after the Fluosol-DA blood exchange. This volume of distribution change was not observed when digoxin was administered 24 hours after the Fluosol-DA blood exchange. No change in the t1/2, total body clearance, or volume of distribution at steady-state was observed in any of the treatments. No change in the partitioning of digoxin in the blood was noted following Fluosol-DA administration.
Quantifying the ion atmosphere of unfolded, single-stranded nucleic acids using equilibrium dialysis and single-molecule methods

To form secondary structure, nucleic acids (NAs) must overcome electrostatic strand-strand repulsion, which is moderated by the surrounding atmosphere of screening ions. The free energy of NA folding therefore depends on the interactions of this ion atmosphere with both the folded and unfolded states. We quantify such interactions using the preferential ion interaction coefficient or ion excess: the number of ions present near the NA in excess of the bulk concentration. The ion excess of the folded, double-helical state has been extensively studied; however, much less is known about the salt-dependent ion excess of the unfolded, single-stranded state. We measure this quantity using three complementary approaches: a direct approach of Donnan equilibrium dialysis read out by atomic emission spectroscopy and two indirect approaches involving either single-molecule force spectroscopy or existing thermal denaturation data. The results of these three approaches, each involving an independent experimental technique, are in good agreement. Even though the single-stranded NAs are flexible polymers that are expected to adopt random-coil configurations, we find that their ion atmosphere is quantitatively described by rod-like models that neglect large-scale conformational freedom, an effect that we explain in terms of the competition between the relevant structural and electrostatic length scales.
On depression, anxiety, and looking for the silver lining in short term fieldwork

One of the defining points in my memory of being an undergraduate was seeing the television news coverage of Operation Cast Lead, the 2008/9 Israeli military bombardment of the Gaza Strip. For 22 days I found myself glued to my television, watching continual loops of airstrikes, hearing experts and talking heads debating what this meant for regional stability and the prospect of a peaceful resolution to the Israel-Palestine conflict. One thing that no one seemed to be talking about were the people on the ground, no one on CNN or MSNBC seemed to care what the conflict meant for those people. I was horrified by Operation Cast Lead, but also enthralled. I was a white Midwestern American college kid, whose upbringing could not have been more removed from international politics and the Middle East. Still, the winter of 2008/9 left me feeling like I needed to know what it was all about, and I felt like I needed to see it first hand. So, in the Spring of 2010 I boarded a plane bound for Tel Aviv, ultimately heading to the West Bank city of Birzeit to begin an academic year abroad at a local university. The experiences of that time abroad that stuck with me most were the stories I heard from people, stories about their daily lives and how they navigated what seemed to me to be the utterly unbearable realities of military occupation. These were stories that I never heard back home, this was the life that CNN never covered, but it was reality for millions of people. When I returned to the United States I realized that I wanted to go on to graduate school. As I finished an undergraduate thesis on different forms of resistance portrayed in Palestinian literature, I wondered if I could merge what was then a burgeoning interest in language with a larger desire to
Effective identities for trusted interactions in converged telecommunication systems

Telecommunication systems have evolved significantly since their inception and the recent convergence of telephony infrastructure allows users to communicate through a variety of ways including landlines, mobile phones and Voice over IP (VoIP) phones. While cellular and public switched telephone (PSTN) networks use Caller ID to identify users, VoIP networks employ user ids, similar to email, to identify users. However, in all these networks this identity is locally asserted and is therefore easily manipulated. It is easiest to assert any identity within IP networks and this has resulted in VoIP spam (e.g., the recent Skype Computer Repair spam calls). As IP networks converge with other PSTN and cellular networks, it has also become easy to assert any Caller ID across these networks. The larger issue of Caller-ID spoofing has increasingly contributed to credit card fraud and identity theft. To address this, we introduce the notion of effective identity which is a combination of mechanisms to (1) establish identity of the caller that is harder to manipulate, and (2) provide additional information about the caller when necessary. In this dissertation, we first look at the specific issue of determining the legitimacy (additional information) of a user id within IP networks to address the VoIP spam problem. We propose CallRank, a novel mechanism built around call duration and social network linkages to differentiate between a legitimate user and a spammer. We realize that any system that determines the legitimacy of users based on their social network linkages leaks private information. To address this, we create a to- ken/credential framework that allows a user to prove the existence of a social network path between him/her and the user he/she is trying to initiate contact with, without actually revealing the path. We combine the privacy properties of two techniques in cryptography: Delegatable Anonymous Credentials (DAC) and E-Cash to create this framework. We then look at the broader issue of determining identity across the entire telecommunication landscape to address the issue of Caller ID spoofing. Towards this, we develop PinDr0p, a technique to determine the provenance of a call - the source and the path taken by a call. In particular, we show that the codec transformations applied by multiple intermediary networks, in combination with packet loss and noise characteristics, allow us to develop profiles for various call sources based solely on features extracted from the received audio. In the absence of any verifiable metadata, these profiles offer a means of developing specific fingerprints that help uniquely identify a call source. We show that the audio can also provide valuable additional information. We use anomalies in timbre created by different undersea telecommunication cables to develop London Calling, a mechanism to identify geography of a caller. Together, the contributions made in this dissertation create effective identities that can help address the new threats in a converged telecommunication infrastructure.
Spirituality in the treatment of substance use disorders: Proposing the Three-legged Stool as a model for intervention

ABSTRACTSpirituality is a multidimensional construct that is considered to be a protective factor in the treatment of addictions. However, because there has been little agreement regarding the conceptualization of this complex construct, it has been difficult to operationalize spirituality in clinical settings so that its protective value can be maximized. This article presents a preliminary framework—the Three-legged Stool—to help therapists structure their spiritual interventions. The three “legs” of the spiritual “stool” consist of service (helping others), solitude (contemplative prayer and meditation) and creativity (creative arts and play therapy techniques). The authors begin by explaining the origin of the framework as it arose from their research and practice experiences. They conceptualize the different components of the framework and present support for the inclusion of each leg with a review of the theoretical and empirical literature. Because this framework has not been tested empirically, th...
Electrochemical sensor for detection of multiple environmental contaminants through advanced signal processing

The possibility of large-scale attacks using chemical warfare agents (CWAs) has exposed the critical need for fundamental research enabling the reliable, unambiguous, and early detection of trace CWAs and toxic industrial chemicals. This paper presents an unique approach for identification and classification of environmental contaminants by perturbing an electrochemical (EC) sensor with an oscillating potential rather than static voltage levels for extraction of statistically rich information from the current response. The dynamic response, being a function of the degree and mechanism of contamination, is then processed with a symbolic dynamic filter for extraction of representative patterns, which are then classified using a trained neural network. The approach presented in this paper promises to extend sensing power and sensitivity of these EC sensors by augmenting and complementing the sensor technology with state-of-the-art embedded real time signal processing capabilities.
Skipping toward seniority*: one queer scholar’s romp through the weeds of academe

AbstractThis reflective essay, which is both autobiographical and historical in nature, is framed by answering the questions posed by the editors regarding my work: What values inform it, how I actually do it, and why do I do it? Quite simply, I am writing to encourage social change for all queer people, be it merely the little corner of my own social world. Furthermore, I consciously strive to be a ‘paid pestering queer.’
Ultrasonic Studies of Metallic Glasses

New results on ultrasonic properties of amorphous. PdSiCu are reported. The temperature and amplitude dependence of the ultrasonic attenuation and velocity changes were measured by a pulse echo method1), between 0.3 and 10 K, using transverse waves at 10 to 90 MHz and longitudinal waves at 30 MHz, A typical temperature dependence of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient a for transverse waves at 25.1 MHz and four different amplitudes is shown in Fig. 1. As is seen from the figure, below 4 K there is a definite negative amplitude dependence. Detailed results of the amplitude dependent part αA at various temperatures are shown in Fig. 2. Measurements carried out at several different frequencies showed that αA increases as the ultrasonic frequency increases2). For longitudinal waves, there is a much smaller negative amplitude dependence of attenuation than for transverse waves.
INTRAMYOCARDIAL AUTOLOGOUS CD34+ CELL THERAPY FOR REFRACTORY ANGINA: A META-ANALYSIS

Background: Intramyocardial injection of human CD34+ cells may improve outcomes in patients with chronic refractory angina not amenable to revascularization or standard medical therapy. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of this therapy in patients with refractory angina. Methods:
Optimized Mie Potentials for Phase Equilibria: Application to Branched Alkanes

A transferable united-atom (UA) force field based on Mie potentials is presented for branched alkanes. The performance of the optimized Mie potential parameters is assessed for 32 branched isomers of butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, and octane using grand canonical histogram-reweighting Monte Carlo simulations. For each compound, vapor–liquid-coexistence curves, vapor pressures, heats of vaporization, critical properties, and normal boiling points are predicted and compared to experiment. Experimental saturated liquid densities and critical temperatures are reproduced with a median absolute average error of 0.6%, while vapor pressures are reproduced with a median absolute average error of 2.2%. Calculations performed with the TraPPE and NERD force fields produce median absolute average errors for saturated liquid densities and vapor pressures of 1.3–1.8% and 14.3–23.5%, respectively. Binary phase diagrams predicted by the Mie potentials for argon+neopentane, methane+neopentane, and ethane+isobutane are i...
Environments for Older Persons with Cognitive Impairments

The relationship between older persons and the environments they occupy has constituted a continuing focus for both research and practice since the earliest days of environment—behavior (EB) studies. Environment—aging work has made major contributions in shaping the goals, theories, and methods of the larger field of EB studies of which it is a part. A number of the pioneering studies of both personal space and territoriality were carried out in geriatric settings (e.g., DeLong, 1970; Lipman, 1967; Sommer, 1959). Two major volumes on theory development in environment and aging (Lawton, Windley, & Byerts, 1982; Pastalan & Carson, 1970) have been widely utilized outside of an aging context, as has Lawton and Nahemow’s Ecological Theory of Aging (Lawton & Nahemow, 1973; Nahemow, 1990). Proceedings of the annual conferences of the Environmental Design Research Association regularly include multiple entries related to the elderly (Wener & Szigeti, 1988).
The Low Potential of Teff ( Eragrostis tef ) as an Inoculum Source for Verticillium dahliae

Teff (Eragrostis tef) is a fine stemmed annual grass and gluten free small grain that is of interest as a forage, cover, or a rotation crop. Little is known about the susceptibility of teff to many diseases. Teff could be grown in rotation with potato in the northwestern United States provided teff cultivation is economical and does not increase soil populations for pathogens affecting rotation crops such as Verticillium dahliae. Verticillium dahliae infects a wide range of dicotyledonous plants, making it one of the most important fungal pathogens of crop plants in North America, including potato. The objective of this study was to quantify the susceptibility of teff to eight V. dahliae isolates and compare the susceptibility of teff to eggplant. Teff was confirmed as a host for V. dahliae, as indicated by the presence of microsclerotia in teff stems and roots after artificial inoculation in two years of greenhouse studies. The number of microsclerotia produced in teff did not differ between mint and potato pathotypes of V. dahliae. No V. dahliae isolate produced significantly greater numbers of microsclerotia than any of the seven other isolates tested in a two-year study. Microsclerotia production of V. dahliae in teff was consistently less than in susceptible eggplant cv. Night shadow in both greenhouse experiments (P < 0.02). It is unlikely that teff infected by V. dahliae will proliferate microsclerotia of mint or potato-aggressive pathotypes, especially when compared to susceptible eggplant cultivars.
Formation of iron oxide and iron sulfide at high temperature and their effects on corrosion

Abstract Recent high temperature H2S corrosion study reported that a thermodynamically less stable iron oxide layer can also form in addition to iron sulfide. In this work, H2S corrosion experiments were conducted at 120 °C for different exposure times, ranging from 1 to 21 days. The inner layer was identified by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) as Fe3O4 (magnetite); Fe3O4 was always present over time despite it being less stable than iron sulfide. The observed formation sequence of iron sulfide at high temperature was mackinawite → troilite → pyrrhotite → pyrite. The role of the different corrosion product layers in corrosion is discussed.
Action-Angle Variables and Liouville’s Theorem

One of the most powerful uses of canonical transformations is to express the dynamics in terms of action-angle variables. These are phase space coordinates which provide a simple description of the Hamiltonian motion, and are widely used in particle dynamics. A geometrical view of the Hamiltonian flow in phase space leads us to the formulation of Liouville’s theorem that is crucial for understanding the fundamental properties of large ensembles of beam particles in accelerators.
A patient with cholangiocarcinoma demonstrating pathologic complete response to chemotherapy: exploring the role of neoadjuvant therapy in biliary tract cancer.

The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation for localized or potentially resectable cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has not been well established. We present here the case of a patient with an extrahepatic CCA who achieved a pathologic complete response after undergoing preoperative gemcitabinebased chemotherapy, without sequential or concurrent use of radiation. Further evaluation of neoadjuvant strategies in CCA, including not only combined-modality therapy but also the use of chemotherapy exclusively, is warranted in prospective study design.
A Zebrafish Model Of Antithrombin III Deficiency Displays Bleeding and Thrombosis Secondary To Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Thrombosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world, underlying deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Identification of small molecule inhibitors of thrombosis in an in vivo model would facilitate novel and improved therapeutics for patients. The zebrafish is a powerful genetic model in which the hemostatic system is nearly entirely conserved with humans. Its external development, ability to generate thousands of offspring at low cost, and optical transparency all make it a powerful tool to screen for genetic and chemical modifiers of coagulation disorders. We generated a zebrafish model of antithrombin III (AT3) deficiency by targeted mutagenesis using zinc finger nucleases. Homozygous at3 mutants displayed a lethal phenotype due to intracardiac thrombosis between 2 and 7 months of age, yet embryos and larvae appeared grossly normal with no overt evidence of pathologic clotting. Induction of thrombosis at 3-4 days post fertilization (dpf) in homozygous mutant larvae by laser-mediated endothelial ablation resulted in diminished rates of posterior cardinal vein (PCV) occlusion, a bleeding phenotype. To prove functional conservation with mammals, we expressed recombinant zebrafish At3 and demonstrated that it binds human thrombin in vitro . Furthermore, while injection of wild type zebrafish and human cDNAs rescued the laser injury phenotype, zebrafish at3 with a mutation in the putative reactive site failed to do so. We hypothesized that the discrepant larval bleeding and adult thrombotic phenotypes could be accounted for by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Consistent with this, we observed reduced fibrinogen levels in at3 homozygous mutant plasma, and were able to rescue mutant larvae by injection of human fibrinogen prior to laser injury. To identify the location of consumed fibrinogen, we tagged human fibrinogen with FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate), followed by infusion into larvae from heterozygous intercrosses at 3 dpf. at3 homozygous mutants displayed extensive PCV fluorescence, which was absent in wild type and heterozygous siblings. Pre-incubation with warfarin completely prevented this phenotype, co-injection of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) partially prevented fluorescence accumulation, and post-injection of TPA reduced the signal, consistent with our hypothesis of DIC. Our data have uncovered the mechanism underlying the discrepant at3 mutant phenotypes and demonstrated conservation of At3 function in zebrafish. Loss of At3 protein results in DIC in zebrafish larvae secondary to unopposed thrombin activity. Mutants survive, only to succumb to lethal thrombosis as adults. Further study as to why larvae are able to tolerate excessive clot formation, as well as small molecule screens for novel anticoagulants using this model, could potentially lead to innovative therapeutic modalities for affected patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Substance and the Mind-Body Relation

Ducasse analyzes the concept of substance, both physical and mental, very carefully, both because they are fundamental concepts and important in their own right and because they must be analyzed correctly before the mind-body relation can be understood clearly. Ducasse analyzes both mental and physical substance dispositionally and believes he avoids thereby the traditional puzzles of how it is possible for two such allegedly different substances to interact as they apparently do.
Successive linearization and nonlinear filtering

In recent years, many significant advances in optimum filtering have been made. The works of Swerling (1), Kalman and Bucy (2), Cox (3), Kushner (4), Bellman, et al (5), Detchmendy and Sridhar (6) can be cited as some of the pioneering works in this field. The work of Kalman (7) was largely responsible for the increased interest in this field.
Outline of the Book

The book is divided into four parts, and each part is divided into several chapters and sections.
Walker Percy’s Intersubjectivity: An Existential Semiotic or 3 + 3 = 4

Rhonda McDonnell argues that Walker Percy’s self-described “radical anthropology” is properly understood as an Existential semiotic. The cornerstone of this anthropology is his concept of intersubjectivity, which was developed through his examination of language development in humans, his participation in a study of schizophrenics, and his investigation of a broad range of thinkers from the disciplines of science, psychiatry, anthropology, semiotics, and philosophy. Percy’s Existential semiotic predates that of Eero Tarasti, which was independently developed at the turn of the twenty-first century. For Percy, using an Existential Semiotic provides a triadic science in place of traditional binary science. Using this triadic model, he analyzes human communication in terms of subjectivity and intersubjectivity, self and other, authenticity and inauthenticity. Ultimately, McDonnell asserts that Percy’s goal is to posit intersubjectivity as a means to address and potentially heal issues of identity and alienation.
Recrear una conciencia social: Reciclar/reapropiar la moda en Loco afán: crónicas de sidario de Pedro Lemebel

espanolEn medio de la transicion a la democracia, el escritor y artista visual Pedro Lemebel comenzo a forjar un espacio dialectico para reflexionar sobre las privaciones causadas por la debilitadora afeccion del SIDA. En su cronica urbana Loco afan: cronicas de sidario (1996), el autor presta atencion especial a las apariencias fisicas que senalan no solo la salud fisica de los personajes, sino que destacan el estado actual y futuro del pais. En dicha obra, la innegable importancia de la moda, tratada con un detalle meticuloso, destaca el creciente poder del mercado neoliberal y la globalizacion en cuanto a la identidad nacional. En este articulo, implementando las teorias de los estudios de la moda, analizare como las representaciones de la moda –especificamente las reapropiaciones o reciclaje de ella– cultivan una conciencia social, no solo para la realidad frecuentemente ignorada del SIDA, sino tambien del estado actual de la sociedad chilena. EnglishIn the midst of the Chile’s Transition to democracy, writer and visual artist Peter Lemebel forged a dialectical space that encouraged reflection on the hardships caused by AIDS, an illness often considered taboo during the dictatorship. In Loco afan: cronicas de sidario (1996) the author pays special attention to physical appearances, a corporal barometer indicating not only the physical health of the characters but also highlighting the current and future states of the nation. In Loco afan, the undeniable importance of fashion, treated with meticulous detail, exonerates the growing market power of neoliberal globalization in terms of national identity. This article, through the implementation of fashion studies, will analyze how the representations of fashion – specifically in terms of reappropriations or recycling– cultivate a social conscience, for both the often ignored reality of AIDS, as well as the current state of Chilean society.
Reducing Work Disincentives in the Housing Choice Voucher Program: Rent Reform Demonstration Baseline Report

The purpose of the Rent Reform Demonstration is to test an alternative to the current rent-setting system for families using housing choice vouchers (HCV). The goals of the alternative rent-setting model now being tested are to incentivize employment and reduce the complexity and burden (and, thus, the cost) of administering the rent policy, while not causing unnecessary hardship for HCV households. The study team, PHAs, and HUD collaboratively designed the alternative rent model that is being tested at four local Moving to Work (MTW) public housing agencies (PHAs) sites with 6,600 participating HCV assisted households using a rigorous random assignment design. The four participating PHAs are the District of Columbia Housing Authority, Lexington Housing Authority, Louisville Metropolitan Housing Authority, and San Antonio Housing Authority. This report provides a detailed explanation of the alternative rent model, a description of the demonstration implementation, and an outline of the preliminary baseline information and survey data that has already been gathered from the assisted families participating in the study. Future reports will assess the impact of the alternative rent model at 12 and 36 months after random assignment on employment, earnings, and hardship for the study sample and on administrative efficiencies for the PHA, provide a process evaluation of the demonstration implementation, and analyze the cost effectiveness of the new rent policy compared to the existing rent policy.
Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System: Audio of Presentation

Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System is a comprehensive, integrated system of information about the employment, educational, and demographic characteristics of U.S. scientists and engineers.
Trigger Point Dry Needling, Manual Therapy and Exercise versus Manual Therapy and Exercise for the Management of Achilles Tendinopathy: A Feasibility Study

The effects of trigger point dry needling (TDN) on myofascial trigger points (MTP) in Achilles tendinopathy (AT) are unknown. We conducted a study to test the feasibility of a large randomized cont...
Preventing back-to-school asthma attacks

A seasonal peak in asthma attacks has been consistently demonstrated. Hetal Dhruve discusses some of the reasons for this peak and how practice nurses can help to prevent asthma attacks in children...
Effectively Communicating Validity Information About Personnel Selection Tools

Abstract. Organizational researchers and practitioners often struggle to effectively and convincingly communicate validity information. In a series of between-subjects experimental studies using sa...
Acute compartment syndrome of the deltoid: a case report and systematic review of the literature

Background Deltoid compartment syndrome is a rare entity. The purpose of this study was to report a recent case and perform a systematic literature review. Methods Patient data were gathered from chart review and clinical encounters. For the review, the MEDLINE, Embase, and Ovid databases were queried for deltoid compartment syndrome cases. Seventeen articles reporting on 18 patients with deltoid compartment syndrome were included. Results Including our patient, 9 of 19 patients (47.4%) presented with compartment syndrome limited to the deltoid. Most patients presented with additional affected compartments, most commonly in the ipsilateral arm (7 of 19, 37%). Isolated deltoid involvement often resulted from iatrogenic injury; of 10 iatrogenic reports, 8 involved only the deltoid. Of 19 cases, 5 (26%) occurred in powerlifters, climbers, or anabolic steroid or testosterone injectors. In 13 of 19 cases (68%), the patients were men aged 18-36 years, and only 1 female case (5%) was reported. Prolonged recumbence owing to substance abuse was documented in 6 of 19 cases (32%). Conclusion Deltoid compartment syndrome is rare, with only 19 reported cases, including our patient. Men are more commonly affected, and isolated deltoid compartment syndrome occurs in about 50% of reported cases. More than half of cases are iatrogenic, secondary to prolonged lateral decubitus positioning, injections, and surgical interventions about the shoulder. Prolonged recumbence from intoxication is also a common etiology. Providers should be aware of and recognize deltoid compartment syndrome to facilitate urgent surgical management.
Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries: Evaluation—Radiologic Evaluation

Imaging is critical in the evaluation of pediatric preganglionic brachial plexus injury. As in adults, the timely identification of nerve root avulsions and pseudomeningoceles is a vital component of prognostication and surgical decision-making. The primary modalities used to assess injuries proximal to the dorsal root ganglia in children are CT myelography and MRI, including myelography-type MRI sequences. This brief chapter is complementary to the chapter on adult preganglionic brachial plexus injury radiologic evaluation, addressing unique considerations for the pediatric patient, with a focus on the choice of CT myelography vs. MRI in preganglionic brachial plexus birth palsy. CT myelography is historically considered the imaging gold standard and remains the preferred modality at some centers. However, in pediatric patients, it is important to minimize exposure to ionizing radiation and avoid anesthesia and even minimally invasive procedures when possible. Thus, there is a growing trend toward MRI, which also offers excellent diagnostic performance for the evaluation of preganglionic brachial plexus birth palsy. A rational approach would be to start imaging in this clinical scenario with MRI and only move on to CT myelography if the MRI findings are less than definitive.
A Strategic Framework for Electronic Commerce: The Digital Production Cycle

In this chapter we introduce an all-digital production cycle. We explain how traditional industry value chains are being transformed in cyberspace. Our main argument is that an all-digital production cycle is emerging for electronic commerce firms with all-digital products. These all-digital products are created, manufactured, marketed, sold and delivered over the network in ten phases: (1) Strategy; (2) Concept; (3) Content Creation Plan; (4) Digital Acquisition; (5) Manufacturing; (6) Product or Service Version; (7) Electronic Commerce Policy; (8) Repository; (9) Electronic Distribution; and (10) Electronic Markets. We conclude that an electronic commerce enterprise manufacturing all-digital products may rely on a qualitatively different production cycle than a traditional business manufacturing physical products.
Major Salivary Gland Tumors

Malignancies of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands account for approximately 4% of all head and neck cancers. A total of 80% of malignant major salivary gland tumors occur in the parotid gland. In adults, roughly a quarter of parotid tumors and one half of submandibular tumors are malignant.
Testing of a Miniature Loop Heat Pipe Using a Thermal Electrical Cooler for Temperature Control

This paper describes the design and testing of a miniature LHP having a 7 mm O.D. evaporator with an integral CC. The vapor line and liquid line are made of 1.6mm stainless steel tubing. The evaporator and the CC are connected on the outer surface by a copper strap and a thermoelectric (TEC) is installed on the strap. The TEC is used to control the CC temperature by applying an electrical current for heating or cooling. Tests performed in ambient included start-up, power cycle, sink temperature cycle, and CC temperature control using TEC. The LHP demonstrated very robust operation in all tests where the heat load varied between 0.5W and 1OOW, and the sink temperature varied between 243K and 293K. The heat leak from the evaporator to the CC was extremely small. The TEC was able to control the CC temperature within +/-0.3K under all test conditions, and the required control heater power was less than 1W.
Strategies for Winter Highway Maintenance

Winter is a powerful force to reckon with in the northern portion of the United States, and the harsh effects of winter weather can take quite a toll on transportation infrastructure and its users. It is therefore important for winter maintenance practices to be as efficient and cost-effective as possible. This report examines the current state of practice in winter maintenance, reviews current and relevant literature, and suggests strategies to improve current winter maintenance practices. Two surveys were conducted in the course of this study. The first was mailed to all Iowa counties and all cities in Iowa with populations greater than 25,000; the second surveyed state Departments of Transportation. The response rate was very high, and the data collected have proven extremely useful toward understanding how winter maintenance is conducted at present and pinpointing major problems. Survey results were cross referenced with the authors' review of current literature to identify areas where research is being conducted to meet the needs expressed by survey respondents.
Learning Disability and Career Entry into the Sciences: A Critical Analysis of Attitudinal Factors:

The present study examined the perceptions of 140 parents and 323 teachers regarding career entry into science and engineering for students with learning disabilities. Parents' and teachers' perceptions were assessed on the following eight variables: (a) facility access, (b) expense of accommodations, (c) role models, (d) teacher understanding of students' academic needs, (e) length of learning time, (f) student aptitude and educational preparation, (g) career guidance, and (h) employer attitudes. Results revealed that parents, significantly more than teachers, feel that teachers do not make the necessary effort to accommodate students with learning disabilities and that employers in the science and engineering fields are reluctant to hire persons with learning disabilities. Implications of the results for rehabilitation counselors working with learning disabled students interested in science and engineering are offered.
Increased display size and resolution improve task performance in Information-Rich Virtual Environments

Physically large-size high-resolution displays have been widely applied in various fields. There is a lack of research, however, that demonstrates empirically how users benefit from the increased size and resolution afforded by emerging technologies. We designed a controlled experiment to evaluate the individual and combined effects of display size and resolution on task performance in an Information-Rich Virtual Environment (IRVE). We also explored how a wayfinding aid would facilitate spatial information acquisition and mental map construction when users worked with various displays. We found that users were most effective at performing IRVE search and comparison tasks on large high-resolution displays. In addition, users working with large displays became less reliant on wayfinding aids to form spatial knowledge. We discuss the impact of these results on the design and presentation of IRVEs, the choice of displays for particular applications, and future work to extend our findings.
The JMS Starter Kit

This chapter contains sections titled: Java Message Service Overview JMS Provider Implementation Alternatives JMS Starter Kit (JMS-SKIT) Framework Overview Using the JMS-SKIT Framework Summary Glossary Reference Exercises
WNT/β-Catenin Signaling Is Involved in Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitor Ritonavir : Relationship to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Linked Bone Mineral Loss

Untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is accompanied by reduced bone mineral density, which appears to be exacerbated by certain HIV protease inhibitors (PIs). The mechanisms leading to this apparent paradox, however, remain unclear. We have previously shown that, the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 used at levels similar those in plasmas of untreated HIV + patients, induced expression of the osteoclast (OC) differentiation factor RANKL in CD4+ T cells. In addition, the HIV PI ritonavir abrogated the interferon-γ-mediated degradation of the RANKL nuclear adapter protein TRAF6, a physiological block to RANKL activity. Here, using oligonucleotide microarrays and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we explored potential upstream mechanisms for these effects. Ritonavir, but not the HIV PIs indinavir or nelfinavir, up-regulated the production of transcripts for OC growth factors and the non-canonical Wnt Proteins 5B and 7B as well as activated promoters of nuclear factor-κB signaling, but suppressed genes involved in canonical Wnt signaling. Similarly, ritonavir blocked the cytoplasmic to nuclear translocation of β-catenin, the molecular node of the Wnt signaling pathway, in association with enhanced β-catenin ubiquitination. Exposure of OC precursors to LiCl, an inhibitor of the canonical Wnt antagonist GSK-3β, suppressed OC differentiation, as did adenovirus-mediated overexpression of β-catenin. These data identify, for the first time, a biologically relevant role for Wnt signaling via β-catenin in isolated OC precursors and the modulation of Wnt signaling by ritonavir. The reversal of these ritonavir-mediated changes by interferon-γ provides a model for possible intervention in this metabolic complication of HIV therapy.
Open Standards, Open Source Adoption in the Public Sector, and Their Relationship to Microsoft’s Market Dominance

This paper examines (1) recent decisions to implement open standards and open source software, (2) Microsoft’s current response to these decisions, and (3) the possible effect of these decisions on Microsoft’s market dominance. In particular, this paper compares and contrasts the Microsoft Open XML standard with the OASIS OpenDocument standard. It also considers some recent government announcements to adopt open source solutions, including OpenDocument. Furthermore, the paper analyzes Microsoft’s previous approach to open standards, its refusal to support OpenDocument in favor of its own Open XML format, and its recent decision to submit Open XML to a standards body for certification. Our study concludes that, while Microsoft will likely continue to maintain its market dominance, the open source and open document movements will benefit consumers and create a more competitive environment.
Families of FPGA-based algorithms for approximate string matching

Dynamic programming for approximate string matching is a large family of different algorithms, which vary significantly in purpose, complexity, and hardware utilization. Many implementations have reported impressive speed-ups, but have typically been point solutions -highly specialized and addressing only one or a few of the many possible options. The problem to be solved is creating a hardware description that implements a broad range of behavioral options without losing efficiency due to feature bloat. We report a set of three component types that address different parts of the DP string matching problem. Multiple, interchangeable implementations are available for each component type. This allows each application to choose the feature set required, then make maximum use of the FPGA fabric according to that application's specific resource requirements. Synthesis estimates show a 4:1 improvement in time-space performance, depending on the options chosen for a specific matching task.
The Planck Mass as a Fundamental Entity for Particle Structure and Cosmology

The universal constants G, c and ħ comprise the Planck mass, (ћ c/G) 1/2 ≈ 10−5 g. We present arguments for the existence and properties of particles with this mass, describe how they serve as the constituents for a gravitational theory of matter, and explore the cosmological implications of this theory. Specifically, we describe a gravitational rotator model for baryons and show how this accounts for baryon stability and the three-quark saturation of baryons and that it predicts the Gell-Mann-Okubo mass formula for the SU 3 octet and the equal spacing rule for the SU 3 decuplet. We review how these particles provide a unified approach to major cosmological problems and we treat such current problems as the formation of stars and galaxies, the cosmic ray spectrum and the solar neutrino deficiency.
Thermal shock fracture of hot silicon carbide immersed in water

Abstract High purity CVD-SiC, considered as a nuclear grade cladding material, exhibits thermal shock tolerance ∼1260 °C in room temperature water and beyond it (>1260 °C) in saturated water. Being thinner than the tested specimen thickness (1.5 mm × 2.0 mm), the actual cladding (0.57 mm) is anticipated to exhibit enhanced thermal shock tolerance. This implies that thermal shock alone may not shatter the SiC cladding in reflood. Level of fuel rod internal pressure will be a decisive factor in predicting cladding fracture during reflood. Decreasing water subcooling significantly reduces thermal shock fracture danger of ceramic materials. Thermal shock experiments showed strength retention for both pressureless sintered-SiC and CVD SiC, as well as Al 2 O 3 samples quenched from temperatures up to 1260 °C in saturated water. Solid–liquid contacts during nucleate and transition boiling, and boiling incipience upon water bath entering are a highly probable origin of thermal shock fracture in water quenching.
A Model for Linguistic Resource Description

This paper describes a comprehensive standard for resource description developed within ISO TC37 SC4). The standard is instantiated in a system of XML headers that accompany data and annotation documents represented using the the Linguistic Annotation Framework's Graph Annotation Format (GrAF) (Ide and Suderman, 2007; Ide and Suderman, Submitted). It provides mechanisms for describing the organization of the resource, documenting the conventions used in the resource, associating data and annotation documents, and defining and selecting defined portions of the resource and its annotations. It has been designed to accommodate the use of XML technologies for processing, including XPath, XSLT, and, by virtue of the system's linkage strategy, RDF/OWL, and to accommodate linkage to web-based ontologies and data category registries such as the OLiA ontologies (Chiarcos, 2012) and ISOCat (Marc Kemps-Snijders and Wright, 2008).
Multi-photon microscopy of deep tissue with gradient index lenses

Gradient index lenses are shown to be effective for acquiring multi-photon images from millimeters to centimeters deep in anesthetized animals. We present in vivo two-photon images from layer V of mouse cortex.
Inductions from Monte Carlo simulations of small fatigue cracks

Abstract The relationship between random microstructure and the statistics of small fatigue crack growth is illuminated by Monte Carlo simulations whose formulation has been described in previous work by the author. In this paper, more detailed analysis is presented of fluctuations in crack shape and the observed surface crack velocity, d c d N , using empirical laws of growth proposed elsewhere for Al 2219-T851 and Al 7075-T6. Unusually large values of d c d N are shown to follow retardation or arrest of the surface crack tips while the subsurface crack front has continued to advance. This relation implies that a physically based model of the statistics of d c d N must account for irregular crack shape to predict the distribution of d c d N and remaining lifetime accurately. The value of even rough measurements of surface crack depth in estimating remaining lifetime from nondestructive evaluation of a small crack is demonstrated. It is concluded that the statistics of d c d N require at least two independent random variables for their description. It is also proposed that experimental observations of the degree of irregularity of cracks of various sizes provide the most direct means to date of comparing the mechanics of the growth of surface and subsurface segments of the crack front.