cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mucosal homeostasis is altered in the ileum of gnotobiotic mice.

Abstract Background The microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract is a vast collection of microorganisms implicated in numerous aspects of normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. The use of gnotobiotic mouse models, with single or specific communities of microbes comprising the microbiome, can enhance our understanding of the microbiome-host relationship. We hypothesized that gnotobiotic mice would exhibit differences in mucosal homeostasis when compared with mice with conventional flora (CF). Materials and methods Single-organism gnotobiotic mice were generated containing Escherichia coli MG1655, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides eggerthii, and Clostridium symbiosum, representing four of the major phyla present in the gastrointestinal tract. Distal ileal segments were harvested from adult mice, and histologic sections were H&E stained and used to measure villus height and crypt depth. Immunohistochemistry was performed with Ki67 and TUNEL as markers of proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Results When compared to the ileum from CF mice, the ileum from all groups of gnotobiotic mice had significant increases in nearly all measured parameters. In addition, significant differences were seen among certain gnotobiotic groups for villus height, crypt depth, and apoptosis. Conclusions Single-organism gnotobiotic mice demonstrate enhanced morphometric parameters compared with mice with CF and show differences in growth patterns among bacterial species. These findings suggest unique interactions between individual bacteria and the host animal which hold potential for future therapeutic strategies aimed at mucosal restoration. The mechanisms involved in this process therefore warrant further study.
Cancer of the oral cavity

Summary The charts of 521 patients with cancer of the oral cavity and clinically negative necks on initial examination were reviewed. No patient had complete elective treatment to the neck. In 27.4 per cent of the patients the neck was partially irradiated in conjunction with treatment to the primary lesion. In 26 per cent of the group nodal disease subsequently developed. Four per cent of the group whose primary lesion was considered controlled died with cancer in the neck. Complete elective treatment of the neck is not advocated. Irradiation of the proximal lymphatics is useful.
A Panoramic View of Spanish America

The following document, although published anonymously in 1829, was the work of Bolivar. It assumes some knowledge of the political situation in Spanish America.
Transfer Lags in the Flow Shop

We define the types of transfer lags, positive and negative, between stages of a flow shop, and discuss applications (transport times, nonbottleneck machines, manufacturing cells, batch transfers, setup and teardown times, master-slave systems, etc.). We show that the twomachine makespan problem is NP-hard, but that a variety of models can be efficiently solved using the Modified Johnson’s Rule and its extensions when our search is restricted to permutation schedules. We extend the analysis to the two-stage hybrid shop, and then to the m machine shop, for which bounds and heuristics are given. Further results involving transfer lags are given in Chap. 4.
Interpreting Osteogenesis Imperfecta Variants of Uncertain Significance in the Context of Physical Abuse: A Case Series

Unexplained childhood fracture(s) warrant consideration of physical abuse and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Genetic OI testing may identify "variants of unknown significance (VUS)." Interpretation of VUS in context of potential abuse may have protective, criminal, and medical impacts. This case series explores practices regarding clinicians' interpretation of VUS during child abuse evaluations. Variability was noted regarding factors considered for interpreting clinical significance. Based on these cases, recommendations for careful and thorough evaluation are detailed, including proposed use of a limited follow-up skeletal survey in 3 months, as a consideration to assess healing of prior fractures and to look for any additional injuries.
Wear Properties of Ash Minerals in Biomass

Ash in biomass is believed to damage biorefinery equipment due to its abrasive properties, and is undesirable in thermal and biological conversion reactions as it cannot be converted into fuels, can catalyze undesirable side reactions, and poisons catalysts. All biomass contains at least some ash, or inorganic content, as a result of normal physiological processes. The concentration of biogenic ash in biomass is largely species dependent; however it can also be affected by weather patterns, irrigation, soil type, and fertilizer applications. Ash concentrations in harvested biomass can also be elevated due to the incorporation of soil and dust during the harvest and collection processes. While ash concentration in biomass is important, so also is the mineral form of the ash. Certain mineral forms of ash can be much harder than the steels used to construct biorefinery equipment and cause excessive wear. In this perspective, the relative concentrations of ash elements, mineral forms of ash, and the hardness of these minerals are considered to identify ash components of concern to biorefinery operators. Strategies are suggested to remove ash from harvested biomass to reduce the risk of excessive wear on biomass processing equipment.
Evaluation of Wound Photography for Remote Postoperative Assessment of Surgical Site Infections.

Importance Surgeons are increasingly interested in using mobile and online applications with wound photography to monitor patients after surgery. Early work using remote care to diagnose surgical site infections (SSIs) demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy using wound photographs to augment patients’ electronic reports of symptoms, but it is unclear whether these findings are reproducible in real-world practice. Objective To determine how wound photography affects surgeons’ abilities to diagnose SSIs in a pragmatic setting. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective study compared surgeons’ paired assessments of postabdominal surgery case vignettes with vs without wound photography for detection of SSIs. Data for case vignettes were collected prospectively from May 1, 2007, to January 31, 2009, at Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and from July 1, 2015, to February 29, 2016, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. The surgeons were members of the American Medical Association whose self-designated specialty is general, abdominal, colorectal, oncologic, or vascular surgery and who completed internet-based assessments from May 21 to June 10, 2016. Intervention Surgeons reviewed online clinical vignettes with or without wound photography. Main Outcomes and Measures Surgeons’ diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, confidence, and proposed management with respect to SSIs. Results A total of 523 surgeons (113 women and 410 men; mean [SD] age, 53 [10] years) completed a mean of 2.9 clinical vignettes. For the diagnosis of SSIs, the addition of wound photography did not change accuracy (863 of 1512 [57.1%] without and 878 of 1512 [58.1%] with photographs). Photographs decreased sensitivity (from 0.58 to 0.50) but increased specificity (from 0.56 to 0.63). In 415 of 1512 cases (27.4%), the addition of wound photography changed the surgeons’ assessment (215 of 1512 [14.2%] changed from incorrect to correct and 200 of 1512 [13.2%] changed from correct to incorrect). Surgeons reported greater confidence when vignettes included a wound photograph compared with vignettes without a wound photograph, regardless of whether they correctly identified an SSI (median, 8 [interquartile range, 6-9] vs median, 8 [interquartile range, 7-9];P Conclusions and Relevance In a practical simulation, wound photography increased specificity and surgeon confidence, but worsened sensitivity for detection of SSIs. Remote evaluation of patient-generated wound photographs may not accurately reflect the clinical state of surgical incisions. Effective widespread implementation of remote postoperative assessment with photography may require additional development of tools, participant training, and mechanisms to verify image quality.
Good, better, Best: English language development practices in graduate business programs

Abstract Business is the top field of study for international students in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. Yet, evidence suggests that not all international students who speak English as a second language are adequately equipped with the language skills they need to succeed. At the same time, the number of international students seeking business training in English-medium universities continues to rise. Thus, this study sought to fill an increasingly important gap in the literature by examining the strategies, innovations, challenges, and outcomes for U.S. schools of business who admit large concentrations of international ESL students at the graduate level. Using qualitative research methods, interviews were conducted with deans of business schools who enrolled the greatest percentages of international students. Good, better, and best practices were identified for a variety of areas, such as screening and admission criteria and processes, curricular elements for developing language skills, the assessment and tracking of outcomes, and follow-up and evaluation of student preparation after graduation. A variety of implications of these findings are discussed and should greatly interest business schools seeking to more effectively facilitate the success of their growing number of international ESL students.
Robotic Complete Excision of Sacrocolpopexy Mesh: Standardized Technique.

ABSTRACT Study Objective To describe a standardized technique for robotic complete excision of sacrocolpopexy mesh. Design A step by step video demonstration of the technique. Setting A tertiary care academic hospital. Patients Three patients with persistent pain after sacrocolpopexy mesh insertion. Although exposure can usually be controlled with partial mesh removal, complete excision may be required for patients with persistent pain, exposure, or severe infection. Because of the inherent inflammation, fibrosis, and distortion of tissue planes with mesh augmentation, removal should be performed in a methodical fashion, preparing for possible visceral injury. Intervention Robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy mesh removal. Measurements and Main Results This video ( Video 1 ) presents a systematic, minimally invasive approach to sacrocolpopexy mesh removal, highlighting the technical and anatomic aspects that can facilitate the procedure. Retroperitoneal dissection along with identification of the anatomic landmarks, such as the sacral promontory, iliac vessels, right ureter, bladder, and rectum, are critical. Backfilling the bladder and the use of vaginal and rectal probes can also optimize difficult tissue planes. In each compartment, identifying the whole mesh before starting its removal may prevent leaving mesh fragments. The caudal to cranial and lateral to medial approach facilitates the extraction of the synthetic tissue. Removing the sacral mesh last allows the attachment to be used as a point of traction. Superior dissection of the mesh requires careful dissection and recognition of great vessels along with autonomic nervous structures such as the superior hypogastric plexus. Conclusion Minimally invasive removal of sacrocolpopexy mesh can be standardized using this step by step approach.
Induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) expression in microglia by the accumulation of a superoxide anion donor in rat cerebral cortex

Previously we reported that endotoxin-dependent induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFexpression in microglia was significantly suppressed by the superoxide anion scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and that microglia induced TNF in response to a superoxide anion donor 3-(4-morpholinyl)sydnonimine (SIN-1) in vitro. Those findings strongly suggested that superoxide anion is associated with the induction of TNF in microglia. However, whether TNF is actually induced in microglia in vivo remains to be determined. In the present study, we confirmed the ability of microglia to induce TNF in vitro and examined the effects of SIN-1 on microglial induction of TNF in vivo. The accumulation of SIN-1 solution in rat cerebral cortex led to the induction of TNF on the ipsilateral, but not the contralateral side. The levels of TNF in the ipsilateral cortex peaked at 6-12 h post-accumulation. Immunohistochemical study revealed that anti-TNF antibody-positive cells in the SIN-1-injected region were mainly anti-ionized Ca 2+ binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1) antibody-positive, suggesting that microglia are a major cell type for inducing TNF. On the other hand, interleukin 1beta (IL-1) and IL-6 were not detected in the SIN-1-injected cortex. Together, these results indicate that microglia induced TNF in vivo in response to superoxide anion.
Influence of Cultural Orientations on Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) in Social Media

This study explores how horizontal/vertical individualism and collectivism (HVIC) orientations influence electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) (i.e., opinion leadership and opinion seeking) in social med...
Innovation, institutions and development: a critical review and grounded heterodox economic analysis of late-industrialising contexts

This paper critically reviews dominant approaches to the economics of innovation in contemporary developing societies, namely new institutional economics (NIE) and National Innovation Systems (NIS). Both traditions explain capitalist development in late-industrialising countries using underlying assumptions and logics of advanced industrialised societies with respect to transaction costs, path dependence, the nature and structure of institutions and economic history. At their core, both approaches proffer ideal-type institutions as an essentialist route to technological and productivity improvement akin to a staged theory of development. The NIS framework became dominant in scholarly and policy circles but has neglected the implication that the concept was developed at the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development during the emergence of first-stage neoliberalism. NIE has become an essential analytical toolkit of mainstream economists and international organisations promoting competitiveness in developing countries. Analyses of the economic performance of developing countries have thus diverged from structural perspectives on development, attributing instead lacklustre technological deepening to certain national features, institutional gaps or linkage failures. The paper exposes narrow assumptions and illustrates that the ‘transition costs’ that arise from new socio-institutional configurations during the development process induces firms and other actors to compete for rents. Conversely, power asymmetries, historical factors and constraining forces in the global capitalist system generate unevenness in productive forces and technological progress. The paper proposes a political economy of technological change that considers the structural, technical and socio-political interdependencies and tensions that underpin transformative policies to improve technological, coordination and collective capabilities in the economic system.
Noncrop Habitat Use by Wild Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in a Mixed-Use Agricultural Landscape

Homogeneous, agriculturally intense landscapes have abundant records of pollinator community research, though similar studies in the forest-dominated, heterogeneous mixed-use landscape that dominates the northeastern United States are sparse. Trends of landscape effects on wild bees are consistent across homogeneous agricultural landscapes, whereas reported studies in the northeastern United States have not found this consistency. Additionally, the role of noncrop habitat in mixed-use landscapes is understudied. We assessed wild bee communities in the mixed-use lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) production landscape of Maine, United States at 56 sites in eight land cover types across two regional landscapes and analyzed effects of floral resources, landscape pattern, and spatial scale on bee abundance and species richness. Within survey sites, cover types with abundant floral resources, including lowbush blueberry fields and urban areas, promoted wild bee abundance and diversity. Cover types with few floral resources such as coniferous and deciduous/mixed forest reduced bee abundance and species richness. In the surrounding landscape, lowbush blueberry promoted bee abundance and diversity, while emergent wetland and forested land cover strongly decreased these measures. Our analysis of landscape configuration revealed that patch mixing can promote wild bee abundance and diversity; however, this was influenced by strong variation across our study landscape. More surveys at intra-regional scales may lead to better understanding of the influence of mixed-use landscapes on bee communities.
Heat and flow characteristics of V-shaped protrusion/concavity combined with miniature V-ribs

Heat and flow characteristics of V-shaped protrusion/concavity combination with 45 ° miniature V-rib has been investigated numerically at flow Reynolds number of 50,000. With suitable baseline stud...
Genetic and Molecular Approaches to Study Chromosomal Breakage at Secondary Structure-Forming Repeats

DNA repeats capable of adopting stable secondary structures are hotspots for double-strand break (DSB) formation and, hence, for homologous recombination and gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCR) in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Here, we provide protocols for studying chromosomal instability triggered by hairpin- and cruciform-forming palindromic sequences in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, we describe two sensitive genetic assays aimed to determine the recombinogenic potential of inverted repeats and their ability to induce GCRs. Then, we detail an approach to monitor chromosomal DSBs by Southern blot hybridization. Finally, we describe how to define the molecular structure of DSBs. We provide, as an example, the analysis of chromosomal fragility at a reporter system containing unstable Alu-inverted repeats. By using these approaches, any DNA sequence motif can be assessed for its breakage potential and ability to drive genome instability.
On intrinsic ergodicity of factors of subshifts

It is well known that any subshift with the specification property has the property that every factor is intrinsically ergodic, i.e. every factor has a unique factor of maximal entropy. In recent work, other subshifts have been shown to possess this property as well, including -shifts and a class of -gap shifts. We give two results that show that the situation for subshifts with is quite different. First, for any , we show that any subshift possessing a certain mixing property must have a factor with positive entropy which is not intrinsically ergodic. In particular, this shows that for , subshifts with specification cannot have all factors intrinsically ergodic. We also give an example of a shift of finite type, introduced by Hochman, which is not even topologically mixing, but for which every positive-entropy subshift factor is intrinsically ergodic.
Convergent Total Synthesis of Yaku'amide A

Total synthesis of the anticancer peptide natural product yaku'amide A is reported. Its β-tert-hydroxy amino acids were prepared by regioselective aminohydroxylation involving a chiral mesyloxycarbamate reagent. Stereospecific construction of the E- and Z-ΔIle residues was accomplished through a one-pot reaction featuring anti dehydration, azide reduction, and O→N acyl transfer. Alkene isomerization was negligible during this process. These methods enabled a highly convergent and efficient synthetic route to the natural product.
Impact of heat treatment of milk on acid gelation

Abstract Heat treatment of milk is applied in the manufacture of cultured dairy products, primarily to increase viscosity and improve texture. Denatured whey proteins are recognised as mostly responsible for causing these textural changes. The higher isoelectric pH of whey protein triggers earlier acid-induced gelation. Rheological properties of acid gels made from heated milk exhibit significantly higher storage moduli (and lower fracture strain) due to alterations in gel microstructure and the contribution of covalent disulphide bonding. Gels prepared from heated milks also exhibit an increase in the loss tangent parameter due to loss of calcium phosphate crosslinks conferring a greater mobility within casein particles that are already part of the network. Casein interactions are mostly weak in these types of gels, and the balance between inter and intraparticle interactions, as well as the impact of denatured whey protein deposition on the particle surfaces, are discussed for their influence on acid gelation.
Effect of Monoammonium Glycyrrhizinate on the Development of Hepatotoxicity After Initial Intrathecal Chemotherapy for Leukemia.

BACKGROUND/AIM Chemotherapy for acute leukemia includes agents known to cause hepatotoxicity. This study evaluated the role of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate for the prevention of hepatotoxicity after the first methotrexate-containing intrathecal chemotherapy (ITC) in children and adolescents with leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia (age 0-18 years) who received ITC during the first week of induction therapy at our hospital between April 2016 and March 2021 were enrolled. Intravenous monoammonium glycyrrhizinate (IVMG) was defined as the intravenous administration of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate initiated on the day before or the day of the first ITC. RESULTS Overall, 39 of 118 patients (33%) developed grade 3-4 hepatotoxicity. The inverse probability of treatment weighting logistic regression model showed that IVMG was not associated with the development of grade 3-4 hepatotoxicity (OR=1.9, 95%CI=0.808-4.468). CONCLUSION IVMG did not protect against the development of grade 3-4 hepatotoxicity after the first methotrexate-containing ITC for leukemia.
Preventing Pancreatic Fistula Following Distal Pancreatectomy

Pancreatic fistula is a common and highly morbid complication of distal pancreatectomy. Patient factors and technical factors appear to contribute to the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Numerous clinical trials and retrospective studies have investigated many of these with an aim toward identifying modifiable risk factors that could be controlled. Data on most of these risk factors remain relatively unconvincing. Careful surgical technique, ligation of the main duct, where technically feasible, and use of a mesh may be beneficial interventions. Octreotide and pancreatic duct stenting may have use in highly selected patient groups.
29 Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass: Management of Complications

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) remains the gold standard procedure for weight loss surgery. In spite of the technical challenges of this procedure, the incidence of complications has dramatically decreased with surgeons’ experience and the implementation of “Centers of Excellence.” Nevertheless, complications are still described in both the intraoperative and postoperative periods. The widespread use of such procedures requires a thorough knowledge of the possible complications even for the “non-bariatric” general surgeon. Some of the complications, if not recognized and managed expeditiously, can potentially lead to devastating consequences, such as short bowel syndrome, permanent neurological damages, and death.
Comment: The Common Law as Baseline? (A Reading of the Judgments of the Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa in the Case of Minister of Minerals and Energy v. Agri South Africa)

This Comment presents a reading of the judgments of the Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa in the recent case of Minister of Minerals and Energy v. Agri South Africa. The judgments reject a claim of unconstitutional expropriation of property by force of a recent, major statutory revision of laws governing acquisition, retention, exercise, duration, and transfer of mining rights in South Africa. The Comment makes no attempt to provide a complete account of these judgments (which will undergo review by South Africa’s Constitutional Court) or all of their reasoning. Its scope is restricted to questions regarding the appearance in the judgments, and certain arguments to which the judgments respond, of what I have called “the baseline dignity of the common law,” which comes to the fore when the rule or model of the common law is taken to provide a baseline of justified expectation, by reference to which to measure claims of excessive or otherwise impermissible deprivations or expropriations by the state.
The use of the CNDO method in spectroscopy: Naphthalene and the breakdown of the pairing theorems

Abstract It is shown that CNDO S calculations provide 6 significant figures of accuracy in the energies of configurations, and 4 significant figures after configuration interaction. The pairing theorem is shown not to hold in the CNDO S method since all Fμν are calculated and since the Fμμ are not constant. It is further shown that the degeneracies required by the pairing theorem are not even approximated in naphthalene. Finally, using absorption and emission spectroscopic measurements, including triplet-triplet and excited singlet-singlet absorptions, the spectroscopic states of naphthalene are discussed in detail.
A Gprc5a Tumor Suppressor Loss of Expression Signature Is Conserved, Prevalent, and Associated with Survival in Human Lung Adenocarcinomas

Increasing the understanding of the impact of changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is essential for improving the management of lung cancer. Recently, we identified a new mouse lung-specific tumor suppressor—the G protein-coupled receptor 5A (Gprc5a). Microarray analysis of the transcriptomes of lung epithelial cells cultured from normal tracheas of Gprc5a knockout and wild-type mice defined a loss-of-Gprc5a gene signature, which revealed many aberrations in cancer-associated pathways. To assess the relevance of this mouse tumor suppressor to human lung cancer, the loss-of-Gprc5a signature was cross species compared with and integrated with publicly available gene expression data of human normal lung tissue and non-small cell lung cancers. The loss-of-Gprc5a signature was prevalent in human lung adenocarcinomas compared with squamous cell carcinomas or normal lung. Furthermore, it identified subsets of lung adenocarcinomas with poor outcome. These results demonstrate that gene expression patterns of Gprc5a loss in nontumorigenic mouse lung epithelial cells are evolutionarily conserved and important in human lung adenocarcinomas.
The marriage of Cytology and Cytogenetics

The past 20 years have witnessed extraordinary advances in the field of cytogenetics, with the discovery that a multitude of neoplasms is characterized by identifiable chromosomal changes. The ability of Cytogenetics to aid in the identification and precise classification of a variety of neoplasms has not gone unnoticed by Cytology. In particular, Cytology has recognized Cytogenetics as a welcome companion in the evaluation of soft tissue tumors, lymphomas, renal and urothelial tumors, and mesothelioma. This relationship requires a good understanding of the proper handling of specimens for optimal evaluation by Cytogenetics. The marriage of Cytology and Cytogenetics will likely grow stronger as more solid tumors (eg, salivary gland neoplasms) are discovered that harbor characteristic chromosomal abnormalities. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;000:000–000. V C 2012 American Cancer Society. ‘‘Dearly Beloved, we are gathered here to join in happy matrimony ... ’’ Cytology and Cytogenetics?! Could anyone imagine a more unlikely pair? Cytology: mature, established, and unpretentious; and Cytogenetics: young, hip, flirtatious. Yet friends have been noticing the growing attraction between the two in recent years; therefore, few were truly surprised when the engagement was announced. To understand the growing connection, it helps to understand the individuals a bit better. Cytogenetics In the past 2 decades, Cytogenetics, devoted to the study of chromosomes, has witnessed remarkable development with significant relevance to the science and clinical practice of oncology. For the hematologist, recurring chromosomal abnormalities are important diagnostic and prognostic indicators. The identification of specific chromosomal changes in solid tumors lagged behind hematologic malignancies for technical reasons, mostly related to obtaining sufficient representative tumor cells for study, but recent years have witnessed burgeoning discovery. Beyond the clinical relevance of cytogenetic studies for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, Cytogenetics is used in gene mapping and gene identification and has led to the cloning of genes responsible for specific diseases. Currently, various approaches are used to provide evidence of chromosomal and molecular aberrations in
A Preliminary Report on the Usage of an Intracorporal Antibiotic Cast with Synthetic High Purity CaSO4 for the Treatment of Infected Penile Implant

Abstract Introduction Currently, the surgical treatment of infected penile prostheses is complete removal and either immediate salvage procedure, which carries a significant infection risk, or delayed implantation. With delayed implantation the risk of infection is lower, but the patient loses penile length and width due to corporal fibrosis. Aim We present our experience with the use of a novel temporary synthetic high purity calcium sulfate (SHPCaSO4) component that acts as a “spacer” at the time of removal of an infected prosthesis while providing constant delivery of local antibiotic elution to the infected area. Main Outcome Measures Demonstrate that the use of a novel material, SHPCaSO4, can be an innovative way to bridge the gap between removal of an infected penile implant and delayed reimplantation. Methods Two patients (Patient A and B) presented with pain and erythema and were found to have infected malleable penile prosthesis. Both underwent removal of all infected components, and sent for tissue culture. The SHPCaSO4 was mixed with vancomycin and tobramycin, allowed to set up for 5 minutes, and then injected into the corporal space followed by closure with 2‐0 Vicryl sutures. The injected SHPCaSO4 was palpable in the penile shaft both proximally and distally, as an “intracorporal casts.” Results Patients denied pain postoperatively. Delayed implantation occurred at 6 weeks for patient A. This went uneventful and a new three‐piece inflatable implant was inserted. Patient B underwent salvage placement of right malleable implant at 15 weeks, and here significant corporal fibrosis was encountered. Patients have had no infection since their delayed implantation (mean follow‐up 4 months). Conclusions Data in reference to SHPCaSO4 shows that this product dissolves in approximately 4–6 weeks. This may account for the difference in the ease of delayed implantation between the two patients. Further investigation is warranted.
Dietary Copper, Manganese and Iron Affect the Formation of Aberrant Crypts in Colon of Rats Administered 3,2′-Dimethyl-4-Aminobiphenyl

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are preneoplastic lesions for colon cancer. Altered amounts of copper-zinc (CuZnSOD) and manganese (MnSOD) superoxide dismutases have been implicated in multistage carcinogesis of both rodents and humans. Dietary factors are potential modulators of both CuZnSOD and MnSOD activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of dietary copper, manganese, and iron on 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMABP)-induced ACF and superoxide dismutase activities in weanling rats fed low or adequate copper (0.8 or 5.1 micrograms Cu/g diet), low or adequate manganese (0.6 or 17 micrograms Mn/g diet), and adequate or high iron (37 or 140 micrograms Fe/g diet). Twelve rats were allowed free access to each of these eight diets for 3.5 wk prior to DMABP administration and for an additional 8 wk after the first DMABP injection. Rats fed low dietary copper had 105% (P < 0.0001) higher formation of DMABP-induced ACF than those fed adequate dietary copper. Rats ingesting low rather than adequate dietary manganese had 23% higher formation of ACF, and rats ingesting high rather than adequate dietary iron had 18% higher formation of ACF. Heart total superoxide dismutase activity was significantly correlated with the number of ACF (r = -0.43, P < 0.0001) in rats administered DMABP. These results suggest that dietary alterations that affect superoxide dismutase activity may affect cancer susceptibility.
Brain cholesterol XVIII: EFFECt of methylphenidate (Ritalin) on [U-14C] glucose and [2-3H] acetate incorporation.

SummaryThe effect of a single injection of methylphenidate (Ritalin, 4 mg/kg) on precursor ([2-3H]acetate and [U-14C]glucose) incorporation into brain cholesterol was studied. The drug caused a steady decrease in the concentration of brain cholesterol during the 24-hr period examined. Incorporation studies during this time with [U-14C]glucose indicated higher than normal incorporation for all time periods studied. The most significant incorporation increases took place 2 and 4 hr after drug injection. Experiments using [2-3H]acetate as the sterol precursor gave incorporation values which tended (not significantly) to be lower than control values at 2 and 4 h. The values after 12 hr were less than normal, while the 24-hr group indicated an increase to or slightly higher than normal values.These data suggest that the pharmacological effect of methylphenidate may be due to lowering of brain cholesterol levels directly or on some more basic metabolic process leading to a decreased level of membrane sterols.
Vortical flow aerodynamics - Physical aspects and numerical simulation

Progress in the numerical simulation of vortical flow due to three-dimensional flow separation about flight vehicles at high angles of attack and quasi-steady flight conditions is surveyed. Primary emphasis is placed on Euler and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes methods where the vortices are 'captured' as a solution to the governing equations. A discussion of the relevant flow physics provides a perspective from which to assess numerical solutions. Current numerical prediction capabilities and their evolutionary development are surveyed. Future trends and challenges are identified and discussed.
Orientation dependence of radical pair interactions in spinach chloroplasts

Abstract Time-resolved EPR studies were done on ordered, broken spinach chloroplasts at 10 K under conditions where Fe-S centers A and B were reduced. A dramatic dependence of the spin-polarized, g = 2.0 EPR signals from Photosystem (PS) I on orientation of the thylakoid membranes in the magnetic field is demonstrated. Analysis of these data by computer simulations of the spin-polarized line shapes supports a model for PS I electron transport presented recently (Bonnerjea, J. and Evans, M.C.W. (1982) FEBS Lett. 148, 313–316; Gast, P., Swarthoff, T., Ebskamp, F.C.R. and Hoff, A.J. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 722, 163–175). In this model there are two electron acceptor species, A 0 and A 1 , operating in series between P-700, the primary electron donor, and X. Thus, the PS I reaction center organization may be represented as P-700A 0 A 1 X (ferredoxin B,A ). Our results indicate that A − 0 may have a slightly anistropic g tensor with g values ranging from 2.0026 ± 0.0001 to 2.0031 ± 0.0002, depending on orientation, and that the species A − 1 has a g value of 2.0054 ± 0.0010 with a peak-to-peak linewidth of 8–10.5 G. The model differs from those presented previously in that the spin-spin interaction between P-700 + and A − 0 involves both isotropic electron exchange and electron-electron magnetic dipole coupling.
A spectroscopic study of atmospherically relevant concentrated aqueous nitrate solutions.

Concentrated aqueous nitrate aerosols are present in the Earth's atmosphere as a result of heterogeneous reactions of sea salt and mineral dust aerosol with nitrogen oxides (e.g., NO2, NO3, HNO3 an...
NOW THAT WE ARE HERE: Discrimination, Disparagement, and Harassment at Work and the Experience of Women Lawyers

This article examines the sexist work experiences of a sample of women lawyers in a mediumsized midwestern city. Specifically, it focuses on reports of discrimination, gender disparagement, and sexual harassment as components of gendered systems that maintain and reinforce inequalities between men and women on the job. The relationships between these experiences, professional role orientation (feminist versus careerist) and structural work characteristics (types of workplace and deegree of tokenism) are explored. Respondents report lower levels of discrimination at the more visible and legally protected “front door” (in recruitment and hiring) than on the job (in salary, promotion, and job assignments). For the most part, private (versus public) sector employees and those in token positions report higher levels of sexist behavior. Contrary to expectations, those with careerist orientations (versus feminist orientations) report more sexual harassment. The interrelations and implications of these findings f...
Periodic Euclidean solutions of SU(2) Higgs theory

We examine periodic, spherically symmetric, classical solutions of SU(2)-Higgs theory in four-dimensional Euclidean space. Classical perturbation theory is used to construct periodic time-dependent solutions in the neighborhood of the static sphaleron. The behavior of the action, as a function of period, changes character depending on the value of the Higgs boson mass. The required pattern of bifurcations of solutions as a function of the Higgs boson mass is examined, and implications for the temperature dependence of the baryon number violation rate in the standard model are discussed. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Sodium‐Calcium Exchange and Calcium Homeostasis in Transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary Cellsa

Our experiments with transfected cells provide new insights into the role of Na-Ca exchange activity in Ca homeostasis and emphasize the role of local interactions in determining exchanger function. Thus, the effects of ATP depletion and cytochalasin D highlight the influence of the actin cytoskeleton in regulating exchange activity. Cytoskeletal interactions could provide a mechanism for modulating exchange activity by mechanical stretch and might constitute a novel feedback mechanism for regulating contractile activity in the heart. The effects of Na on Ca entry during SDCI in the transfected cells suggest that local gradients of [Ca]i are important determinants of exchanger function. The surface distribution of exchanger proteins in relation to that of Ca channels therefore represents another area in which interactions with the cytoskeleton may be a central element in understanding the physiological function(s) of the exchange activity. At present, it seems likely that the exchanger's central hydrophilic domain mediates the connection between the exchanger and the cytoskeleton. This provides a rationale for understanding the importance of tissue-specific alterations in the exchanger's hydrophilic domain, which appear to have little affect on the kinetic behavior of the exchanger. Future work in our laboratory will be directed toward clarifying the role of cytoskeletal interactions in exchanger function.
Paternal smoking and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective. To investigate the association between paternal smoking and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Method. We identified 18 published epidemiologic studies that reported data on both paternal smoking and childhood ALL risk. We performed a meta-analysis and analyzed dose-response relationships on ALL risk for smoking during preconception, during pregnancy, after birth, and ever smoking. Results. The summary odds ratio (OR) of childhood ALL associated with paternal smoking was 1.11 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.05–1.18, %) during any time period, 1.25 (95% CI: 1.08–1.46, %) preconception; 1.24 (95% CI: 1.07–1.43, %) during pregnancy, and 1.24 (95% CI: 0.96–1.60, %) after birth, with a dose-response relationship between childhood ALL and paternal smoking preconception or after birth. Conclusion. The evidence supports a positive association between childhood ALL and paternal ever smoking and at each exposure time period examined. Future epidemiologic studies should assess paternal smoking during well-defined exposure windows and should include biomarkers to assess smoking exposure and toxicological mechanisms.
MECHANISM OF COLLAGEN RESORPTION IN REVERSIBLE HEPATIC FIBROSIS.

Abstract Collagen and bile ductular cells, which are rapidly formed during subacute ethionine intoxication, disappear speedily after replacement of ethionine by methionine. The half-life of hepatic DNA was not shortened during recovery, indicating that lack of renewal rather than active catabolism accounts for the disappearance of cells. By contrast, during recovery the half-life of collagen was greatly reduced. Its susceptibility to collagenase and trypsin was increased, and the specific activity of the soluble collagen rose, suggesting depolymerization and denaturation of hepatic collagen. It is suggested that the removal of proliferated ductular cells, which serve as a framework upon which collagen is laid down, leads to secondary changes in the collagen, facilitating its removal.
How can emotions be both cognitive and bodily

The long-standing debate between cognitive and feeling theories of emotion stems, in part, from the assumption that cognition and thought are abstract, intellectual, disembodied processes, and that bodily feelings are non-intentional and have no representational content. Working with this assumption has led many emotions theorists to neglect the way in which emotions are simultaneously bodily and cognitive-evaluative. Even hybrid theories, such as those set forth by Prinz (2004) and Barlassina and Newen (2013), fail to account fully for how the cognitive and bodily elements of emotion are integrated. As a result, such accounts are unable to provide an adequate characterization of the intentionality or phenomenology of emotions. I will argue that an enactive account of emotions, one which characterizes them as a way of engaging with and making sense of one’s surroundings, can help us to overcome this false dichotomy between cognitive and body elements. What I call ‘affective framing’ is at the core of emotional experience. It is the way in which we engage with and appraise our surroundings in and through bodily feelings of caring, so that the bodily and cognitive elements of emotion necessarily are fused. The notion of affective framing not only helps to clarify the relationship between bodily and cognitive elements of emotion, but also offers a useful way to make sense of both the intentional directedness and phenomenal character of emotional experience.
Detection of abnormal sensor patterns in eldercare

In TigerPlace, an aging in place facility from Columbia, MO, we deployed 47 sensor networks together with an electronic health record (EHR) system to provide early illness recognition. In this paper, we describe a framework for predicting abnormal health patterns using non-wearable sensor sequence similarity. To compute the similarity between two sensor patterns we employ the Temporal Smith Waterman. A sensor pattern is classified as “abnormal” if it is much smaller than the mean of the distribution of “normal” patterns similarities. “Abnormal” days are defined by unusual sensor activity patterns that require a nurse's assessment of the resident. On a pilot data set of 1685 sensor days and 626 nursing records, we obtained a classification performance with an average precision of 0.70 and a recall of 0.30.
The cytoplasmic tails of infectious bronchitis virus E and M proteins mediate their interaction

Virus-like particle (VLP) formation by the coronavirus E and M proteins suggests that interactions between these proteins play a critical role in coronavirus assembly. We studied interactions between the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) E and M proteins using in vivo crosslinking and VLP assembly assays. We show that IBV E and M can be crosslinked to each other in IBV-infected and transfected cells, indicating that they interact. The cytoplasmic tails of both proteins are important for this interaction. We also examined the ability of the mutant and chimeric E and M proteins to form VLPs. IBV M proteins that are missing portions of their cytoplasmic tails or transmembrane regions were not able to support VLP formation, regardless of their ability to be crosslinked to IBV E. Interactions between the E and M proteins and the membrane bilayer are likely to play an important role in VLP formation and virus budding.
Dynamic dip testing as a method to assess the condensate drainage behavior from the air-side surface of compact heat exchangers

Abstract A new method to assess the condensate drainage behavior of the air-side surface of compact heat exchangers—dynamic dip testing—is introduced. The new method is shown to provide highly repeatable data for real-time drainage. Results from experiments with more than 20 flat-tube and round-tube-and-fin heat exchangers are presented, and the data clearly show geometrical effects such as the impact of the tube type on condensate drainage. By comparing the results from dip testing to wind-tunnel experiments for the same heat exchangers, we find dip testing can serve as a powerful tool for assessing the condensate retention behavior. The coils retaining the most and the least condensate in a steady-state wind-tunnel test, likewise held the most and the least in a dip test. However, different amounts of water are retained on the air-side surface during dip tests and wind-tunnel tests. A model based on gravity, surface tension and drag effects is developed to help understand and predict the drainage behavior of heat exchangers. The new model and experimental approach are useful in screening heat exchangers for condensate retention and for assessing off-cycle drainage behavior.
Inflammation-initiating illnesses, inflammation-related proteins, and cognitive impairment in extremely preterm infants

Neonatal inflammation is associated with perinatal brain damage. We evaluated to what extent elevated blood levels of inflammation-related proteins supplement information about the risk of impaired early cognitive function provided by inflammation-related illnesses. From 800 infants born before the 28th week of gestation, we collected blood spots on days 1, 7 and 14, for analysis of 25 inflammation-related proteins, and data about culture-positive bacteremia, necrotizing enterocolitis (Bell stage IIIb), and isolated perforation of the intestine, during the first two weeks, and whether they were ventilated on postnatal day 14. We considered a protein to be persistently or recurrently elevated if its concentration was in the top quartile (for gestational age and day blood was collected) on two separate days one week apart. We assessed the children at 2 years of age with the Bayley Mental Development Index (MDI). The combinations of NEC and ventilation on day 14, and of bacteremia and ventilation on day 14 consistently provided information about elevated risk of MDI <55, regardless of whether or not a variable for an elevated protein concentration was included in the model. A variable for a persistently or recurrently elevated concentration of each of the following proteins provided additional information about an increased risk of MDI <55: CRP, SAA, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-8, MIP-1beta, ICAM-1, E-SEL, and IGFBP-1. We conclude that elevated blood concentrations of inflammation-related proteins provide information about the risk of impaired cognitive function at age 2 years that supplements information provided by inflammation-associated illnesses.