cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and therapy of systemic candidiasis.

Systemic candidiasis is becoming a major obstacle in the care of debilitated patients, particularly those with primary or iatrogenically induced immune deficiencies. Successful management of this infection requires anticipatory surveillance of the potential victim, and correct interpretation of diagnostically significant signs and symptoms. Predisposing factors as well as clinical, mycological and serological findings that facilitate diagnosis are discussed in the light of 33 cases of systemic candidiasis observed by the authors.It is shown that timely treatment of candidemia raises the chances for survival from 20 to 80%. Toxic side and after effects of amphotericin B can be significantly minimized by holding the dosage to the minimum required to establish and maintain fungistatic serum levels of the drug and by judicious administration and spacing of the intravenous infusions. Guidelines for achieving these aims are presented.
Predictors of aggression on the psychiatric inpatient service

Patients with severe mental illness are at increased risk to commit acts of aggression in the inpatient hospital setting. Aggressive behaviors have severe negative consequences for the patient, victims, clinical staff, and the therapeutic community as a whole. While risk factors of community and inpatient aggression overlap, many predictive factors diverge between the two settings. For example, while medication noncompliance has been a robust predictor of community aggression, this factor has little predictive value for inpatient settings where patients' pharmacotherapy is closely monitored. Relatively fewer investigators have examined a wide range of predictive factors associated with aggressive acts committed on the psychiatry inpatient service, often with conflicting results. The present study examined demographic, clinical, and neurocognitive performance predictors of self, other, object, and verbal aggressiveness in 118 acute inpatients. Results revealed that the arrival status at the hospital (voluntary vs involuntary), female gender, and substance abuse diagnosis were predictors of verbal aggression and aggression against others. Impaired memory functioning also predicted object aggression. Fewer symptoms, combined with higher cognition functioning, however, were significant predictors of self-aggressive acts committed on the inpatient service. The need for relating predictors of specific types of aggressiveness in schizophrenia is discussed.
Differential Elastic and Rotational Excitation Cross Sections for Electron-H 2 Scattering

Differential elastic and rotational excitation cross sections for electron-${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ scattering have been calculated in the close-coupling approximation with electron exchange neglected. The resulting elastic angular distributions are found to be in very good agreement with measurements. An apparent oscillation in the measured differential cross section for rotational excitation is not found in the calculation.
Improved impedance profile prediction using non-linear switching regulator model

Switching voltage regulators determine the power rails impedance profile at the low frequency range. The regulator electrical model along with the rail passive network enables the prediction of the design impedance profile. The accuracy gained by using a non-linear regulator model is emphasized in the paper. The impedance profile resonances are under-estimated while using a linear average regulator model. The miss prediction is more severe as the amount of regulator filter capacitance is reduced. Accurate prediction of a marginal regulator design thus necessitates the usage of a switching regulator model.
High-Throughput Screening of Catalytic Materials for JP-8 Fuel Cracking to Liquefied Petroleum Gas

A high-throughput methodology is applied for the discovery and optimization of novel catalyst formulations to convert readily available hydrocarbon-based JP-8 fuel directly into a lighter hydrocarbon product suitable for portable power applications utilizing LPG-powered fuel cells. In addition to catalytic cracking challenges, JP-8 cracking poses other challenges including high sulfur content (up to 3,000 ppmw) and significant concentration of aromatics, which are precursors to coking. An existing 16-channel high-throughput reactor system was modified for the JP-8 catalytic cracking studies. The catalyst support material was of primary importance in determining cracking activity. Alumina-based catalytic materials demonstrate the greatest activity for conversion of JP-8 to LPG during catalytic cracking at reactor temperatures above 600oC. This is attributed to the importance of acidic reaction sites within the structure of the catalytic support. The addition of noble metals to the alumina-based materials does not yield significant improvements in JP-8 conversion.
Taking Coase Seriously

In this essay I advance two related theses. First, economic theory predicts that organizations will be a mess but not a mystery. Second, classic case studies conducted by organizational sociologist...
Aflatoxin B1-DNA Adduct Formation and Mutagenicity in Livers of Neonatal Male and Female B6C3F1 Mice

Exposure to genotoxic chemicals at a young age increases cancer incidence later in life. Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is a potent genotoxin that induces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in many animal species and in humans. Whereas adult mice are insensitive to aflatoxin-induced carcinogenesis, mice treated with AFB(1) shortly after birth develop a high incidence of HCC in adulthood. Furthermore, the incidence of HCC in adult male mice treated as infants is much greater than in females, reasons for which are unclear. In this study, treatment with AFB(1) produced similar levels of DNA damage and mutations in the liver of newborn male and female gpt delta B6C3F1 mice. Twenty-four hours after dosing with AFB(1) (6 mg/kg), the highly mutagenic AFB(1)-FAPY adduct was present at twice the level of AFB(1)-N(7)-guanine in liver DNA of males and females. A multiple dose regimen (3 × 2 mg/kg), while delivering the same total dose, resulted in lower AFB(1) adduct levels. Mutation frequencies in the gpt transgene in liver were increased by 20- to 30-fold. The most prominent mutations in AFB(1)-treated mice were G:C to T:A transversions and G:C to A:T transitions. At this 21-day time point, no significant differences were found in mutation frequency or types of mutations between males and females. These results show that infant male and female B6C3F1 mice experience similar amounts of DNA damage and mutation from AFB(1) that may initiate the neoplastic process. The gender difference in the subsequent development of HCC highlights the importance of elucidating additional factors that modulate HCC development.
SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION FITTING OF HETDEX PILOT SURVEY Lyα EMITTERS IN COSMOS AND GOODS-N

We use broadband photometry extending from the rest-frame UV to the near-IR to fit the individual spectral energy distributions of 63 bright (L(Lyα) > 10 43 erg s −1 )L yα emitting galaxies (LAEs) in the redshift range 1.9 <z <3.6. We find that these LAEs are quite heterogeneous, with stellar masses that span over three orders of magnitude, from 7.5 < log M/M� < 10.5. Moreover, although most LAEs have small amounts of extinction, some high-mass objects have stellar reddenings as large as E(B − V) ∼ 0.4. Interestingly, in dusty objects the optical depths for Lyα and the UV continuum are always similar, indicating that Lyα photons are not undergoing many scatters before escaping their galaxy. In contrast, the ratio of optical depths in low-reddening systems can vary widely, illustrating the diverse nature of the systems. Finally, we show that in the star-formation-rate‐log-mass diagram, our LAEs fall above the “main-sequence” defined by z ∼ 3 continuum selected star-forming galaxies. In this respect, they are similar to submillimeter-selected galaxies, although most LAEs have much lower mass.
Using MATHCAD in teaching power engineering

Students typically use small calculators or personal computer applications such as MATLAB or MATHCAD to perform basic electrical engineering calculations. From the experience of teaching several power engineering courses, the author noted that when using computer software to solve problems, students tend to lose the meaning of the equations, concentrating solely on typing variables and numbers. Some programs are especially inviting for making this error. MATLAB, for instance, does not use any built-in units of measurement, leaving the management of such units to the user. The user's attention shifts from the problem to the units. Although not as powerful and fast as MATLAB, MATHCAD, on the other hand, has a great potential to help students better understand introductory courses. There are two most important features. First, the screen appearance of the equations matches as closely as possible to the traditional form of the equations and helps the students to become familiar with the concepts. Although a bit difficult to type, the equations written in their natural form help avoid errors. A second feature, the use of built-in measurement units, is particularly helpful because the students can concentrate on the meaning of what they learn and know the transformation will be done properly. A technique for representing magnetization curves in MATHCAD (and the corresponding calculations) is also presented. The technique allows for a computer simulation of "graphical calculations" traditionally used in electrical machine design. The class-related experience has shown that even the simple examples presented in This work could prove to be difficult for students, especially when choosing a programming language to help with the calculations.
Bioluminescence Imaging of Glucose in Tissue Surrounding Polyurethane and Glucose Sensor Implants

Background: The bioluminescence technique was used to quantify the local glucose concentration in the tissue surrounding subcutaneously implanted polyurethane material and surrounding glucose sensors. In addition, some implants were coated with a single layer of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) because these cells improve the wound-healing response around biomaterials. Methods: Control and ASC-coated implants were implanted subcutaneously in rats for 1 or 8 weeks (polyurethane) or for 1 week only (glucose sensors). Tissue biopsies adjacent to the implant were immediately frozen at the time of explant. Cryosections were assayed for glucose concentration profile using the bioluminescence technique. Results: For the polyurethane samples, no significant differences in glucose concentration within 100 µm of the implant surface were found between bare and ASC-coated implants at 1 or 8 weeks. A glucose concentration gradient was demonstrated around the glucose sensors. For all sensors, the minimum glucose concentration of approximately 4 mM was found at the implant surface and increased with distance from the sensor surface until the glucose concentration peaked at approximately 7 mM at 100 µm. Then the glucose concentration decreased to 5.5–6.5 mM more than 100 µm from the surface. Conclusions: The ASC attachment to polyurethane and to glucose sensors did not change the glucose profiles in the tissue surrounding the implants. Although most glucose sensors incorporate a diffusion barrier to reduce the gradient of glucose and oxygen in the tissue, it is typically assumed that there is no steep glucose gradient around the sensors. However, a glucose gradient was observed around the sensors. A more complete understanding of glucose transport and concentration gradients around sensors is critical.
Efficacy and Safety of Cell-Associated Vaccines Against Marek's Disease Virus Grown in QT35 Cells or JBJ-1 Cells

SUMMARY. The Marek's disease virus (MDV) vaccine strain CVI 988 usually is grown in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs). We found that the strains could be grown also in the QT35 and JBJ-1 cell lines to titers in the same range as in the CEFs. Both cell lines are fibroblast-like cell lines, which can be grown in flat-bottomed tissue-culture flasks, roller bottles, and on microcarriers. For growth in QT35 cells it was necessary to adapt the virus to the cell line; for growth in JBJ-1 cells this was not necessary. We investigated the efficacy of experimental CVI 988 vaccines grown in QT35 cells and JBJ-1 cells. The efficacy studies were performed in accordance with European Pharmacopoeia (EP) monograph for live MDV disease vaccines. Groups of 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks were vaccinated. Nonvaccinated control groups were included in the studies. Five to 7 days after vaccination all chickens were challenged with the very virulent MDV strain RB1B. After challenge the chickens were observed f...
A pattern synthesis technique to compensate for distortions in large reflector antennas

Surface errors on parabolic reflector antennas degrade the overall performance of the antenna. An approach to electromagnetic compensation that uses pattern synthesis to compensate for the surface errors is presented. It differs from previous methods in two major respects. The previous studies used a global algorithm that attempts to correct the entire focal plane field. The pattern synthesis approach uses a localized algorithm in which pattern corrections are directed specifically towards portions of the pattern requiring improvement. The second major difference is that the pattern synthesis technique does not require knowledge of the reflector surface, but instead uses radiation pattern data to perform the compensation. Amplitude-only measurements can be used to determine the relative phase with reasonable accuracy at the location of the pattern distortions. Once the relative phase is known, the weighting of the auxiliary beams can be determined for compensation. Results from a specific application of the compensation technique are presented. >
Stereochemistry of the β-cyanoalanine synthetase and S-alkylcysteine lyase reactions☆

Abstract The stereochemistry of the replacement of the SH-group of cysteine by CN catalyzed by β-cyanoalanine synthetase was studied using cysteine stereospecifically tritiated at C-3. Analysis of the resulting β-cyanoalanine by conversion into fumarate via aspartate and malate showed that the reaction had occurred with retention of configuration at C-3. Using cystine stereospecifically labeled at C-3 with tritium or with tritium and deuterium, it was found that the α,β-elimination reaction catalyzed by S-alkylcysteine lyase involves stereo-specific replacement of the β-substituent of the substrate by a hydrogen derived from the solvent, D2O or H2O, with retention of configuration to give pyruvate containing a chiral methyl group. The results are discussed, particularly in the light of mechanistic proposals by Braunstem and co-workers.
Characterization of Silent Stores

The recent discovery that many store instructions are silent creates new opportunities for computer architects. A silent store does not change the state of the system because it writes a value that already exists at the write address, and can safely be eliminated from the dynamic instruction stream. We analyze silent stores in several benchmarks in the context of their high-level source code and explain why they occur. We also introduce the concept of critical silent stores and show that their removal is sufficient for eliminating avoidable writebacks. Finally, we show that frequently occurring stores are highly likely to be silent and that selectively squashing them can drastically reduce the total number of silent stores. This paper explores and illuminates several aspects of store value locality.
Antibiotics and appendicitis in the pediatric population: an American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes and Clinical Trials Committee Systematic Review

Objective The aim of the study was to review evidence-based data regarding the use of antibiotics for the treatment of appendicitis in children. Data source Data were obtained from PubMed, MEDLINE, and citation review. Study selection We conducted a literature search using "appendicitis" combined with "antibiotics" with children as the target patient population. Studies were selected based on relevance for the following questions: (1) What perioperative antibiotics should be used for pediatric patients with nonperforated appendicitis? (2) For patients with perforated appendicitis treated with appendectomy: a. What perioperative intravenous antibiotics should be used? b. How long should perioperative intravenous antibiotics be used? c. Should oral antibiotics be used? (3) For patients with perforated appendicitis treated with initial nonoperative management, what antibiotics should be used in the initial management? Results Children with nonperforated appendicitis should receive preoperative, broad-spectrum antibiotics. In children with perforated appendicitis who had undergone appendectomy, intravenous antibiotic duration should be based on clinical criteria. Furthermore, broad-spectrum, single, or double agent therapy is as equally efficacious as but is more cost-effective than triple agent therapy. If intravenous antibiotics are administered for less than 5 days, oral antibiotics should be administered for a total antibiotic course of 7 days. For children with perforated appendicitis who did not initially undergo an appendectomy, the duration of broad-spectrum, intravenous antibiotics should be based on clinical symptoms. Conclusions Current evidence supports the use of guidelines as described above for antibiotic therapy in children with acute and perforated appendicitis.
The brain as an instrument: Continuing the conversation

Derksen extends the discussion of brain determination in significant ways. He rightfully challenges my criterion of “Could I do otherwise?” as a way of gauging the force of brain determination, and discussion fruitfully shifts to the negotiated spaces between self and embodiment. Derksen also recharges my use of the term “instrument” by linking it with technology studies. I do, however, find problematic his emphasis on techno-agency as a means of linking brain to cultural life, and conclude with a recommendation for exploring the various discursive communities currently shaping our constructions of the brain.
Right-veering diffeomorphisms of compact surfaces with boundary

We initiate the study of the monoid of right-veering diffeomorphisms on a compact oriented surface with nonempty boundary. The monoid strictly contains the monoid of products of positive Dehn twists. We explain the relationship to tight contact structures and open book decompositions.
Influence of fraction size, total dose, and overall time on local control of T1-T2 glottic carcinoma.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the influence of fraction size, overall time, total dose, and other prognostic factors on local control of T1 and T2 glottic carcinomas. Methods and Materials: Between 1956 and 1995, 398 consecutive patients with early glottic carcinoma (315 T1 and 83 T2) were treated with once-a-day definitive radiotherapy at the University of California, San Francisco, and associated institutions. Treatment was delivered 5 days per week. Minimum tumor dose ranged from 46.6 to 77.6 Gy (median: 63 Gy). The fraction size was Results: Five-year control was 85% for T1 and 70% for T2 glottic carcinomas ( p = 0.0004). For T1 lesions, within the dose and time range evaluated, there was no apparent relationship between fraction size, overall time, total dose, and local control on multivariate analysis. Treatment era was the only significant prognostic factor ( p = 0.02), and anterior commissure (AC) involvement was of borderline significance ( p = 0.056). Five-year local control was 77% for patients treated between 1956–1970, 89% for between 1971–1980, and 91% for between 1981–1995; 80% for patients with AC involvement and 88% for those without. For T2 lesions, prognostic factors for local control on multivariate analysis were: overall time ( p = 0.003), fraction size ( p = 0.003), total dose ( p = 0.01), impaired vocal cord mobility ( p = 0.02), and subglottic extension ( p = 0.004). Five-year local control was 100% for T2 lesions treated with overall time ⩽43 days vs. 84% for overall time >43 days; 100% for fraction size ⩾2.25 Gy vs. 44% for fraction size 65 Gy vs. 60 60% for total dose ⩽65 Gy; 79% for normal cord mobility vs. 45% for impaired cord mobility, and 58% for lesions with subglottic extension vs. 77% for those without. The severe complication rate for the entire group was low: 1.8%. Conclusions: Total dose, fraction size, and overall time were significant factors for local control of T2 but not T1 glottic carcinomas. Anterior commissure involvement was associated with decreased local control for T1 but not T2 lesions. For T1 lesions, local control improved over the treatment era. For T2 lesions, local control decreased with impaired cord mobility and subglottic extension.
Government Capital, Intimate and Community Social Capital, and Food Security Status in Older Adults with Different Income Levels

Whether government-based forms of food assistance such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), communal efforts including food pantries, aid from friends and family, or alternative means such as gardening are the appropriate means to reduce the prevalence of household food insecurity is a continuous source of policy contention. To inform this debate, we examine the relative importance of these forms of food assistance and acquisition to a sample of U.S. older adults from the 2010 Brazos Valley Health Assessment of central Texas households that have been stratified by income eligibility for SNAP, low-income SNAP ineligibility, and above low income status. To identify how membership in these socioeco- nomic groups constrains household capacity to acquire sufficient food to maintain an adequate and healthy diet, we explore the varied associations of assets received from government; communal and intimate social networks; and alternative food sources such as gardening, hunting, and fishing with household food security across socioeconomic status, while examining the importance of place of residence on the use of capital assets. SNAP partici- pation was the only specific capital asset associated with all levels of food insecurity for both SNAP-eligible and ineligible low-income groups, thus emphasizing the continued importance of food assistance among poverty- level older adults.
Past and current status of microelectronics education for undergraduates

Semiconductors are at the core of today's $1 Trillion/year electronics industry. The semiconductor industry itself is large and expanding rapidly. To sustain this rapid growth there is an equal need for rapid growth of the educational programs that prepare engineers for the semiconductor industry. These programs are described in general and the program at Rochester Institute of Technology is described in detail to illustrate what undergraduate microelectronic engineering educational programs can accomplish.
Intramedullary abscess, an unusual manifestation of a dermal sinus.

The authors describe the clinical manifestations and present MR findings in a case of an intramedullary abscess, a potentially lethal lesion, which was the result of infection of a dermal sinus
Sensitivity computation in piecewise approximate circuit simulation

Both direct and adjoint methods are applied to the computation of time-domain transient sensitivities in the already efficient SPECS piecewise approximate circuit simulation environment. By exploiting the event-driven nature of SPECS, the computation, storage, and interpolation of the Jacobians that specify the appropriate linearized circuit during the forward simulation is not required to obtain sensitivities. Both direct and adjoint methods require only a marginal computational overhead and provide equivalent results. The choice of the method to use depends on the ratio of the number of outputs to the number of parameters. More parameters favor the adjoint method and more outputs favor the direct. The overall efficiency of both SPECS and its time-domain sensitivity extension allows it to be applied to realistic circuits that, due to their large size, had previously made such analysis impractical. Simulation results on industrial circuits of up to 1500 MOS transistors show that transient sensitivities can be efficiently computed for large circuits. >
Flexibility is Key: Synthesis of a Tripyridylamine (TPA) Congener with a Phosphorus Apical Donor and Coordination to Cobalt(II).

Tripyridylamine (TPA), a tetradentate ligand that forms 5-membered chelate rings upon metal coordination, has demonstrated significant utility in synthetic inorganic chemistry. An analogue with a phosphorus apical donor is a desirable target for tuning electronic structure and enhancing reactivity. However, this congener has been synthetically elusive. Prior attempts have resulted in tridentate coordination to transition metal ions due to a lack of ligand flexibility. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of tris(2-pyridylmethyl)proazaphosphatrane (TPAP), a more accommodating tripyridyl ligand containing an apical phosphorus donor. The TPAP ligand forms 6-membered chelate rings upon coordination and binds in the desired tetradentate fashion to a Co(II) ion. Structural studies elucidate the importance of ligand flexibility in tripodal ligands featuring phosphorus donors. Cyclic voltammetry, UV–vis, and solution magnetic susceptibility experiments of [Co(TPAP)(CH3CN)]2+ are also reported and compared t...
Dissenters' Rights: The Effect of Tax Liabilities on the Fair Value of Stock

The right of shareholders to dissent from fundamental corporate changes and demand the fair value of their shares is an important protection for minority shareholders nationwide. Unfortunately, the term "fair value" is not clearly defined and is subject to varying interpretations. One important factor is the impact of corporate income tax liability on the fair value ultimately paid to dissenting shareholders. This article will discuss whether the tax consequence of the transaction giving rise to the right to dissent should affect the amount paid to dissenting shareholders. This question will be considered in three contexts. First, transactions which trigger current tax liability; second, transactions which create deferred tax liabilities which are included in the financial statements of the corporation; and third, hypothetical tax costs considered in arriving at the appropriate value of dissenters' shares. This article will show that in light of the history and purposes of dissenters' rights statutes and the traditional elements of fair value, these tax consequences should not affect the value of dissenters' shares.
Identity uncertainty

We are often uncertain about the identity of objects. This phenomenon appears in theories of object persistence in early childhood; in the well-known Morning Star/Evening Star example; in tracking and data association systems for radar; in security systems based on personal identification; and in many aspects of our everyday lives. The paper presents a formal probabilistic approach to reasoning about identity under uncertainty in the framework of first-order logics of probability, with application to wide-area freeway traffic monitoring.
Insulin effects on blood flow

Insulin, at physiologic concentrations, increases skeletal muscle blood flow in lean insulin-sensitive subjects. This insulin effect is blunted in states of insulin resistance such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Whether insulin-mediated increments in blood flow augment insulin-mediated glucose uptake and whether impaired insulin-mediated vasodilation contributes to decreased rates of insulin-mediated glucose uptake (insulin resistance) are still debated. Recently, positron emission tomography scanning and microdialysis have been applied to answer the question. It has been demonstrated that insulin’s effect on blood flow is mediated through the release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide, the most potent endogenous vasodilator, and that insulin modulates the response to other vasoactive hormones also at the level of the vascular smooth muscle cell. Importantly, nitric oxide is not only a vasodilator but also exhibits a host of anti-atherosclerotic properties. Because impaired insulin-mediated vasodilation in obesity and type 2 diabetes suggested decreased production of nitric oxide, recent research has focused on vascular endothelial function in insulin-resistant states. There is now good evidence for impaired endothelial function and decreased nitric oxide production in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The mechanism(s) by which obesity and type 2 diabetes impair endothelial function have not been fully elucidated but elevated free fatty acid levels as observed in these insulin resistant subjects may account, at least in part, for the vascular dysfunction.
Platinum(II) diimine complexes with halide/pseudohalide ligands and dangling trialkylamine or ammonium groups.

A series of platinum(II) complexes with the formulas Pt(diimine)(pip2NCNH2)(L)2+ [pip2NCNH2+ = 2,6-bis(piperidiniummethyl)phenyl cation; L = Cl, Br, I, NCS, OCN, and NO2; diimine = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline (NO2phen), and 5,5′-ditrifluoromethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (dtfmbpy)] were prepared by the treatment of Pt(pip2NCN)Cl with a silver(I) salt followed by the addition of the diimine and halide/pseudohalide under acidic conditions. Crystallographic data as well as 1H NMR spectra establish that the metal center is bonded to a bidentate phenanthroline and a monodentate halide/pseudohalide. The pip2NCNH2+ ligand with protonated piperidyl groups is monodentate and bonded to the platinum through the phenyl ring. Structural and spectroscopic data indicate that the halide/pseudohalide group (L–) and the metal center in Pt(phen)(pip2NCNH2)(L)2+ behave as Bronsted bases, forming intramolecular NH···L/NH···Pt interactions involving the piperidinium groups. A close examination of the 10 stru...
Physical Simulation for the Mixing Properties in Side-bottom Blowing RH Vacuum Refining Process

Based on the similarity principle, a water modeling with the scale of 1:5 was developed to study the mixing property during RH vacuum refining. The effects of lifting gas flow rate, vacuum degree, blowing mode and snorkel form on mixing time in RH degasser have been studied. The results show that the mixing time first decreases then increases with the increasing lifting gas flow rate and decreases with the increasing vacuum degree. On the condition of same lifting gas flow rate, the mixing time in traditional RH degasser is larger than in RH degasser with side-bottom blowing or ellipse snorkels.
Language: Diversity and Resilience

DRAFT – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE, QUOTE OR CITE WITHOUT THE AUTHORS’ PERMISSION. IMMIGRANT AMERICA: A PORTRAIT (4th edition, forthcoming) Alejandro Portes and Ruben G. Rumbaut Chapter 6 Language: Diversity and Resilience
Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Steers on High Roughage Using Salimomycin or Monensin

Abstract The effect of feeding either salinomycin or monensin on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of yearling cattle was studied. A high-forage diet consisting of corn silage and supplement alone or supplemented with 11.0 g salinomycin or 27.5 g monensin per metric ton of complete feed on a 90% dry matter basis was fed ad libitum for 128 d. Cumulative average daily gains were increased 4 and 7% in monensin- and salinomycin- fed cattle, respectively. A decrease in feed intake for the cattle fed both ionophores occurred during the first 28 d; however, no differences in feed intake were observed during the remainder of the trial. Feed efficiency was improved 5% for the monensin and 8% for the salinomycin treatment. There were no harmful effects observed from feeding either additive, and carcass characteristics did not differ among treatments. These data indicate that both monensin and salinomycin are effective in enhancing both rate of gain and feed efficiency offeedlot cattle.
The feasibility of medical office building green upgrades from an owner/lessor perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to exam the financial impact on the owner/lessor who is considering a partial energy upgrade to an existing medical office building. The owner who leases the building using a triple net lease does the upgrade prior to leasing the building, with the expectation of earning higher rents. How much should the owner who leases the property spend for a given rent per square foot increase? Design/methodology/approach – The empirical study highlights the impact of key financial variables on the dependent variable medical office construction spending put in place in the USA. The independent variables prime interest rate, cost of natural gas per therm and electricity cost per KWH, resale building prices are significant variables when predicting medical office construction spending. A case study using a cost-benefit model is developed. It inputs corporate income tax rates, incorporates a debt service coverage ratio, prime interest rate, analyzes investment tax credit (ITC) and r...
Anthropogenic Climate Change

Greenhouse gases have increased greatly since preindustrial times owing to human actions. The global warming potential of greenhouse gases is introduced. The carbon cycle and human changes to it are described. The climate forcing provided by humans and natural events is reviewed. The different effects of CO 2 and solar irradiance changes on the vertical profile of temperature are explained. The concepts of detection and attribution of human-induced climate change are presented. The transient response to climate forcing is illustrated with a simple model. Climate forcing scenarios that have been used to project future climates are described. Projections of the response of surface temperature, sea ice, and ocean acidity to these climate-forcing scenarios are described. The observed changes in sea ice during the satellite era are discussed, as are global sea level changes since 1870. The relationship between global surface temperature increase and total anthropogenic CO 2 emission is described. Various methods of intervention to reduce warming after greenhouse gases are released are discussed, including increasing the albedo of Earth and removing CO 2 from the atmosphere are discussed.
Performance comparison of electrowetting heat pipe for extended distance heat transport

Heat pipes are effective heat transport devices, due to their low thermal resistance, passive nature and high reliability. However, the heat transport capacity of conventional heat pipes over extended distances is limited by the maximum condensate flow that their wicks can sustain. The capillary pressure induced by small wick pores drives fluid flow, but viscous losses dominate at long distances and prevent the expected heat pipe operation. We propose a novel planar heat pipe technology that replaces the adiabatic wick section of a conventional heat pipe with electrowetting-based pumping, enabling ultra high heat dissipation (> 1 kW) over extended distances (> 1 meter). Electrowetting is a well-developed fluid handling technique based on electrical modulation of surface tension. The concept of an electrowetting heat pipe (EHP) uses electrowetting pumping of condensate to the evaporator in the form of discrete droplets. This pumping force does not lessen with distance; therefore, EHPs are not subjected to the capillary limit at extended lengths. First-order models predict that EHPs 10 cm wide by 4 mm thick can transport 1.5 kW over 1 meter. In a previous study, it was shown that the EHP can transport more than twice the heat capacity of either a loop heat pipe or a thermosyphon of similar dimensions while still offering a low thermal resistance of 0.01 K/W. In this work, we compare the EHP with actively pumped single-phase and two-phase microchannel systems of equivalent cooling capacity. We show that the EHP requires less pumping power than a single-phase system by two orders of magnitude. Furthermore the EHP offers half the thermal resistance of a two-phase system at a lower pumping power.
School Learning and Motivation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses various aspects of school learning and motivation. Motivation is a topic introduced early in any discussion with teachers about student learning. Teachers espouse hypotheses or beliefs about student motivation that influence their interaction with students and the decisions that determine how they relate to students. Perspectives on motivation, social and cultural factors, classroom contextual factors, internal factors, teacher-directed interventions, authority dimension, recognition dimension, grouping dimension, evaluation dimension, time dimension, student self-regulation strategies, goal setting, and so on are discussed. “Socially negotiated” specifies that many rules of behavior or norms are developed by individuals in response to the needs of the environments in which they interact. Teachers, structure activities, reward, and interact with students in ways that influence the students' personal learning goals or intentions for performing a task. A performance goal focuses on social comparison and competition, with the main purpose of outperforming others on the task. Tasks that are interesting, meaningful, challenging, and authentic in terms of actual experiences—relevant to life outside school—can facilitate a mastery learning orientation.
Simulation and Design Methods for Multiphase Multistream Heat Exchangers

Abstract Multistream heat exchangers (MHEXs) are found in many energy intensive and industrially relevant cryogenic processes. However, design and optimization of such processes is rendered difficult by the inability to simulate MHEXs robustly as most current flowsheet-level MHEX models solve only an energy balance with no constraint on second law feasibility The new model described herein combines an extension of the classical pinch analysis algorithm with explicit dependence on the heat exchange area to formulate a nonsmooth equation system which can be solved for up to three unknown variables in an MHEX. The resulting model is further augmented to simulate realistic thermodynamic phenomena, such as phase change and equilibrium, which are also naturally described by additional nonsmooth equations.
Rising incidence of glioblastoma and meningioma in the United States: Projections through 2050.

2065 Background: In the absence of proven environmental or behavioral risk factors, patient age and sex remain the most important predictors of primary brain tumor risk. In coming years, an increas...
Expanding the board's contribution to corporate social responsibility

This study considers the board of directors' contribution to corporate social responsibility within US public companies recognised as CSR leaders. This research integrates corporate governance, CSR, and stakeholder theory literature. This qualitative study employs semi-structured interviews with the chief executive officers (CEOs) of three US public corporations recognised as CSR leaders in the MSCI KLD 400 Social Index (MSCI, 2014) and published company and third-party texts. Three findings emerge with implications for scholars and practitioners. They are: 1) board contribution is expected given CSR's material impact on shared company and stakeholder benefit; 2) board influence in CSR is advanced by their duty fulfilment, expertise, experience, and roles complementary to management; 3) key practices advance board involvement and impact in CSR.
Cheating When in The Hole: The Case of New York City Taxis

Abstract We examine the influence of rationalization on NYC taxi drivers’ decisions to cheat their customers. We find that cheating ramps up by an order of magnitude when taxi drivers are in settings where it is easier for them to view cheating as acceptable as opposed to dishonest. This finding provides field evidence support for the idea that self-concept maintenance plays an important role in preventing fraud, and that fraud in economic exchange multiplies when participants can rationalize cheating in a way that precludes it from affecting their self-concept.
Boundary Control for Optimal Mixing by Stokes Flows

We discuss the optimal boundary control problem for mixing an inhomogeneous distribution of a passive scalar field in an unsteady Stokes flow. The problem is motivated by mixing the fluids within a cavity or vessel at low Reynolds numbers by moving the walls or stirring at the boundary. It is natural to consider the velocity field which is induced by a control input tangentially acting on the boundary of the domain through the Navier slip boundary conditions. Our main objective is to design an optimal Navier slip boundary control that optimizes mixing at a given final time. This essentially leads to a finite time optimal control problem of a bilinear system. In the current work, we consider a general open bounded and connected domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{d}, d=2,3\). We employ the Sobolev norm for the dual space \((H^{1}(\Omega ))'\) of \(H^{1}( \Omega )\) to quantify mixing of the scalar field in terms of the property of weak convergence. A rigorous proof of the existence of an optimal control is presented and the first-order necessary conditions for optimality are derived.
Conflict, Closeness, and Academic Skills: A Longitudinal Examination of the Teacher–Student Relationship

The longitudinal relations between teacher–student relationship quality (TSRQ) and student achievement were examined to determine the directional associations between the quality of teacher-rated c...
Effect of Shock-Induced Cavitation Bubble Collapse on the damage in the Simulated Perineuronal Net of the Brain

The purpose of this study is to conduct modeling and simulation to understand the effect of shock-induced mechanical loading, in the form of cavitation bubble collapse, on damage to the brain’s perineuronal nets (PNNs). It is known that high-energy implosion due to cavitation collapse is responsible for corrosion or surface damage in many mechanical devices. In this case, cavitation refers to the bubble created by pressure drop. The presence of a similar damage mechanism in biophysical systems has long being suspected but not well-explored. In this paper, we use reactive molecular dynamics (MD) to simulate the scenario of a shock wave induced cavitation collapse within the perineuronal net (PNN), which is the near-neuron domain of a brain’s extracellular matrix (ECM). Our model is focused on the damage in hyaluronan (HA), which is the main structural component of PNN. We have investigated the roles of cavitation bubble location, shockwave intensity and the size of a cavitation bubble on the structural evolution of PNN. Simulation results show that the localized supersonic water hammer created by an asymmetrical bubble collapse may break the hyaluronan. As such, the current study advances current knowledge and understanding of the connection between PNN damage and neurodegenerative disorders.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Therapy Improves Patient and Caregiver-Reported Outcomes in Cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVES:Patient-reported outcomes such as health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are impaired in cirrhosis due to under-treated mood and sleep disorders, which can adversely impact their caregivers. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) can improve patient-reported outcomes (PRO) in non-cirrh
A dq-axis framework for electrostatic synchronous machines and charge oriented control

Recently, innovations such as advanced dielectric liquids and additive manufacturing have enabled electrostatic machines at the fractional horsepower scale that have competitive performance with their conventional electromagnetic counterparts. The emergence highlights a need for circuit modeling that guides machine design and drive controls, rooted in the canon of well-established electromagnetic machinery practices. This paper combines prior approaches and expands upon them to form a unified electrostatic machine dq-axis framework capable of providing insight on the capacitances of interest for torque production as well as control. Maximum torque per volt and charge oriented control are presented with a torque equation whose terms are parsed into field, elastance, and induction torque mechanisms. Complex vector voltage regulators form the heart of drive controls. The model is confirmed with finite element analysis (FEA).
Shining a light into the darkness: bisexuality and relationships

Imagine you are a therapist and you find yourself serving numerous couples in which one partner identifies as bisexual and the other does not. These mixed orientation couples present to therapy for...
Sikhism. A very short introduction

Eleanor Nesbitt's Sikhism. A Very Short Introduction (2nd ed., 2016) is a concise work on the historical development and contemporary practice of the Sikh tradition. The book's eight chapters cover...
Advances in laser forming of metal foam: mechanism, prediction and comparison

Laser forming is a well-studied process that has successfully been used to form sheet metal. More recently, attempts have been made to use laser forming to bend metal foams. While several studies reported that forming of metal foams is possible, it was found that the process window is fundamentally different, and many well-established concepts from sheet metal laser forming do not apply or require modification. This paper reviews the advances in metal foam laser forming and compares the acquired knowledge with the well-established knowledge of sheet metal laser forming. Differences in the bending mechanism are discussed, and the process windows are analysed in detail. Additionally, key differences in the numerical approaches are discussed, namely the impact of the model geometry and the incorporation of density-dependent material data. Finally, subjects requiring further investigation are reviewed.
Arrangement and Rearrangement of Bacterial Genomes

In the preceding chapters, experimental systems have been described in which mechanisms of evolution of bacterial genes by point mutation have been fruitfully studied. In this chapter, the focus will be on rearrangements, some on a small scale, occurring within genes, and others on a large scale, causing gross chromosomal rearrangements of the whole bacterial genome. On the whole, less is known about the molecular events of chromosome rearrangement than is known about point mutations, and even less is known about the pressures for stabilization and destabilization of genome structure. Occurrences of large-scale changes in the genome have no doubt played important roles in evolution. In this chapter progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of rearrangement and the mechanisms of resistance to change will be summarized with emphasis on experiments that have been done with Escherichia coli and its close relatives.
Evaluation of a Multitest System for Rapid Identification of Salmonella and Shigella

The ability of Micro-ID,® a multitest system for rapid (four hour) identification of Enterobacteriaceae, to identify Salmonella and Shigella was evaluated. Micro-ID, API 20E® and a battery of tubed media consisting of triple sugar-iron agar, Christensen’s urea agar, and Moeller’s lysine decarboxylase medium were used to study 516 lactose nonfermenting strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from 500 consecutive pediatric stool specimens. Fifty-six of the isolates were Salmonella, and 21 were Shigella. Micro-ID correctly identified all isolates of Shigella and all but one isolate of Salmonella, whereas the conventional screening media failed to detect seven isolates of Salmonella and two isolates of Shigella. The false-positive rates were 1% and 20% for Micro-ID and the conventional battery, respectively. Use of Micro-ID as a substitute for conventional screening media for lactose nonfermenting stool isolates provides reliable presumptive identification of Salmonella and Shigella within four hours.
Fission cross section of californium-249

The neutron-induced fission cross section of 249Cf was measured from 13 eV to 3 MeV. Neutrons from the Physics-8 underground nuclear explosion traversed a 240-m vertical evacuated flight path and i...