cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infrared spectroscopy and redox studies of coexchanged europium and iron in Y-zeolite

Abstract Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide chemisorption on europium-exchanged Y-zeolite and on Eu and Fe coexchanged Y-zeolite was studied using infrared spectroscopy. Redox studies were carried out gravimetrically to determine the extent of oxidation-reduction for the cations, the reactivity, and the average oxidation state under different ratios of oxidant and reductant. EuY was found to reduce with difficulty whereas EuFeY underwent a more facile reduction, yet not as easily as FeY. The EuFeY catalyst was found to operate at near its fully oxidized state under CO: O 2 ratios of 10:1. In contrast, the oxidation state of FeY is dictated by the overall stoichiometry of the gas phase. For example, a 2: 1 CO: O 2 ratio results in an average oxidation state of +2.5. The time dependence of the NO spectral areas upon exposure of reduced EuFeY to NO exhibits changes similar to those found for FeY, except for the initial exposure. These data are consistent with Eu forcing Fe into sites of higher accessibility. This phenomenon has also been seen for Fe in Y-zeolites with silicon-to-aluminum ratios larger than 2.5. The time dependence of the infrared bands upon exposure to NO is consistent with migration of the Fe into new sites, as was found earlier for FeY.
The relationship between child sexual abuse and major depression among low-income women: A function of growing up experiences?

This article on the adult sequelae of child sexual abuse (CSA) focused on (a) identifying the rate of major depression among adult survivors and (b) testing the third variable hypothesis that the relationship between CSA and major depression is spurious, a function of other adverse growing up experiences. Subjects included 513 low-income women, of whom 105 had experienced contact sexual abuse. Information on depression was collected with the Depression Module from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Third Edition, Revised (DIS-III-R). Third variables included 11 markers of negative growing up experiences including four types of child maltreatment: emotional neglect, physical abuse, physical neglect, and verbal abuse. Findings (a) revealed that CSA victims were almost three times as likely to be depressed as comparison women and (b) failed to support the third variable hypothesis. CSA accounted for variance in the major depression over and above other adverse growing up experiences. Discussion focuses on re...
The Differential Role of Hif1β/Arnt and the Hypoxic Response in Adipose Function, Fibrosis, and Inflammation

In obesity, adipocytes distant from vasculature become hypoxic and dysfunctional. This hypoxic response is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (Hif1α, Hif2α, and Hif3α) and their obligate partner, Hif1β (Arnt). We show that mice lacking Hif1β in fat (FH1βKO) are lean, exhibit reduced adipocyte size, and are protected from age- and diet-induced glucose intolerance. There is also reduced Vegf and vascular permeability in FH1βKO fat, but diet-induced inflammation and fibrosis is unchanged. Adipocytes from FH1βKO mice have reduced glucose uptake due to decreased Glut1 and Glut4, which is mirrored in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with Hif1β knockdown. Hif1β knockdown cells also fail to respond appropriately to hypoxia with reduced cellular respiration and reduced mitochondrial gene expression. Some, but not all, of these effects are reproduced by Hif1α knockdown. Thus, Hif1β/Arnt regulates glucose uptake, mitochondrial gene expression, and vascular permeability to control adipose mass and function, providing a target for obesity therapy.
Distributed RADAR waveform design based on compressive sensing considerations

In this paper we describe a joint waveform design methodology for distributed imaging RADARs using the concepts of compressive sensing. Compressive sensing is an active area of research that offers the promise of good object reconstruction with a sparse measurement set. The measurement set of the scene is based on a set of dasiaprobes,psila the radar waveforms. The set of measurements must satisfy the restricted isometry property and the scene being interrogated must be dasiacompressiblepsila meaning that it can be sparsely represented in some basis. We examine waveform and position considerations for a distributed radar system to satisfy these constraints and show their impact on waveform design and image reconstruction.
The Demand for Volunteer Labor: A Study of Hospital Volunteers

The authors challenge the assumption that organizations are willing to use all the volunteer labor available to them. Rather, they are influenced by the costs incurred of utilizing volunteer labor....
Preliminary Analysis of the 30-m Ultraboom Flight Test Article

Future NASA missions require long, ultra-lightweight booms to enable solar sails, large sunshields, and other gossamer-type spacecraft structures. The space experiment discussed in this paper will flight validate the non-traditional ultra lightweight rigidizable, inflatable, isogrid structure utilizing graphite shape memory polymer (GR/SMP) called UltraBoom™. The focus of this paper is the analysis of the 3-m ground test article. The primary objective of the mission is to show that a combination of ground testing and analysis can predict the on-orbit performance of an ultra lightweight boom that is scalable, predictable, and thermomechanically stable.
Differential gene expression profiling of mouse skin after sulfur mustard exposure: Extended time response and inhibitor effect

Sulfur mustard (HD, SM), is a chemical warfare agent that within hours causes extensive blistering at the dermal–epidermal junction of skin. To better understand the progression of SM-induced blistering, gene expression profiling for mouse skin was performed after a single high dose of SM exposure. Punch biopsies of mouse ears were collected at both early and late time periods following SM exposure (previous studies only considered early time periods). The biopsies were examined for pathological disturbances and the samples further assayed for gene expression profiling using the Affymetrix microarray analysis system. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of the differently expressed genes, performed with ArrayTrack showed clear separation of the various groups. Pathway analysis employing the KEGG library and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) indicated that cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and hematopoietic cell lineage are common pathways affected at different time points. Gene ontology analysis identified the most significantly altered biological processes as the immune response, inflammatory response, and chemotaxis; these findings are consistent with other reported results for shorter time periods. Selected genes were chosen for RT-PCR verification and showed correlations in the general trends for the microarrays. Interleukin 1 beta was checked for biological analysis to confirm the presence of protein correlated to the corresponding microarray data. The impact of a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, MMP-2/MMP-9 inhibitor I, against SM exposure was assessed. These results can help in understanding the molecular mechanism of SM-induced blistering, as well as to test the efficacy of different inhibitors.
Aleut baseball: Cultural creation and innovation through a sporting event

Le baseball aleoute est un sport populaire pratique par les Sugpiat de Nanwalek et de Port Graham, a l’extremite de la peninsule de Kenai en Alaska. Bien qu’il presente quelques ressemblances avec le baseball americain et le lapta russe, le baseball aleoute doit etre considere comme une innovation culturelle sugpiaq. Ce jeu, que l’on pratique pour le plaisir ou pour la competition, est l’occasion d’evenements communautaires qui rassemblent souvent les villages et les communautes sugpiaq. Cet article expose quelques-uns des elements fondamentaux qui font du baseball aleoute un vehicule d’expression de la culture sugpiaq, et un canal de renegociation et de revitalisation des normes et des valeurs etablies. De plus, en examinant le baseball aleoute sous l’angle du concept du jeu de Victor Turner, les auteurs avancent que les sports et les jeux procurent a l’innovation et a l’experimentation culturelle d’immenses opportunites, en plus de renforcer l’identite du groupe. Enfin, cet article explore la capacite des sports et des jeux a lier les perceptions globales aux realites locales.
Measuring Government in the Early Twentieth Century

This article discusses the early history of performance and productivity measurement. It finds sophisticated development of these tools beginning in the first decade of the twentieth century, primarily at the New York Bureau of Municipal Research. These practices grew out of accounting, the social survey, work records, and municipal statistics. The bureau built government's capacity to measure. They advocated such basic empirical practices as making observations at all, doing so systematically and routinely, and recording data at the time of observation. By 1912, performance measurement exhibited many of the features associated with the modern practice: measuring of input, output, and results; attempting to make government more productive; making reports comparable among communities; and focusing on allocation and accountability. Performance measurement was developed in the context of shifting power between the elected executive and the legislature.
Chicoric acid levels in commercial basil (Ocimum basilicum) and Echinacea purpurea products

Fresh basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaves contain chicoric acid, which is the principal phenolic compound in Echinacea purpurea and purportedly an active ingredient in dietary supplements derived from E. purpurea. Here the concentrations of chicoric acid in dried and fresh basil products available to consumers, and how these concentrations compare to those from E. purpurea are reported. A wide range of chicoric acid concentrations (6.48‐ 242.50 mg/100 g or 100 mL) were found in the dried basil flakes, fresh basil leaves, E. purpurea extracts, and E. purpurea capsules. Fresh basil leaves had higher concentrations of chicoric acid than dried basil flakes. Although E. purpurea extracts and capsules contained higher concentrations of chicoric acid than fresh basil leaves, basil could be an economical and more readily available source for chicoric acid for consumers. Additionally, cultivar selection, dehydration processing improvements, and proper storage methods may improve the final chicoric acid levels of future basil crops and products. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Nonlinear optical imaging with a scanning fiber-optic endomicroscope

We present recent updates on our work on developing a fully integrated, miniaturized fiber-optic scanning endomicroscope for performing nonlinear optical imaging including two-photon fluorescence and second harmonic generation. We describe our design approaches for significantly improving signal collection efficiency and resolution. Preliminary tissue imaging results will be presented to demonstrate the potential of the nonlinear endomicroscopy technology for diagnostics and image-based guidance.
Technical Challenges of Supporting Interactive HPC

Users' demand for interactive, on-demand access to a large pool of high performance computing (HPC) resources is increasing. The majority of users at Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln laboratory (MIT LL) are involved in the interactive development of sensor processing algorithms. This development often requires a large amount of computation due to the complexity of the algorithms being explored and/or the size of the data set being analyzed. These researchers also require rapid turnaround of their jobs because each iteration directly influences code changes made for the following iteration. Historically, batch queue systems have not been a good match for this kind of user. The Lincoln Laboratory Grid (LLGrid) system at MIT-LL is the largest dedicated interactive, on-demand HPC system in the world. While the system also accommodates some batch queue jobs, the vast majority of jobs submitted are interactive, on-demand jobs. Choosing between running a system with a batch queue or in an interactive, on-demand manner involves tradeoffs. This paper discusses the tradeoffs between operating a cluster as a batch system, an interactive, on- demand system, or a hybrid system. The LLGrid system has been operational for over three years, and now serves over 200 users from across Lincoln. The system has run over 100,000 interactive jobs. It has become an integral part of many researchers' algorithm development workflows. For instance, in batch queue systems, an individual user commonly can gain access to 25% of the processors in the system after the job has waited in the queue; in our experience with on- demand, interactive operation, individual users often can also gain access to 20-25% of the cluster processors. This paper will share a variety of the new data on our experiences with running an interactive, on-demand system that also provides some batch queue access.
Tumors of the Pediatric Maxillofacial Skeleton A 20-Year Clinical Study

Importance Pediatric jaw tumors are a rare clinical entity and are not well addressed in the otolaryngology literature. It is important that otolaryngologists be familiar with the clinical features, management, and outcomes associated with these lesions. Objective To review the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of jaw tumors in children treated at a tertiary care academic center. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective medical record review of children 16 years or younger who presented to the departments of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology at the University of Maryland Medical Center between 1992 and 2012 and were diagnosed as having a jaw tumor. A PubMed review of literature from 1992 to 2013 on jaw tumors in children was also conducted. Main Outcomes and Measures Medical records were reviewed for data on symptoms, physical findings, pathologic diagnosis, intervention, and outcomes. Results The medical records of 76 patients evaluated for a jaw mass were reviewed, and 20 were found to have a diagnosis of a jaw tumor. The 2 most common pathologic diagnoses were ameloblastoma (n = 5) and juvenile ossifying fibroma (n = 4). Two tumors were malignant, a rhabdomyosarcoma and a teratoma. Thirteen patients presented with evidence of a mass or swelling, 5 patients were asymptomatic with a lesion found on surveillance panoramic radiography, and 1 patient presented with epistaxis and 1 with facial weakness and pain. All tumors excluding a lymphangioma and a rhabdomyosarcoma were managed surgically. Eight patients underwent more than 1 procedure including secondary reconstruction prior to a satisfactory outcome. Conclusions and Relevance Pediatric jaw tumors are rare lesions most commonly presenting with a swelling or mass. Patients can be asymptomatic with the lesion identified on routine imaging. Certain clinical features such as age, location of tumor, and presence or absence of bone and soft tissue can narrow the differential diagnosis and identify tumors that may be malignant. Incisional biopsy is an important first step. A majority of jaw tumors are benign but require surgical intervention for eradication of disease. Multiple procedures, including reconstruction, may be required for certain lesions prior to cure.
Computer-Assisted Surveillance for Detecting Clonal Outbreaks of Nosocomial Infection

Whole-house surveillance for healthcare-associated infection is no longer the recommended practice because of the large personnel time investment required. We developed a computer-based tracking system using microbiologic data as an aid in detecting potential outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections on a hospital-wide basis. Monthly total isolates of 25 clinically significant hospital pathogens were tallied from 1991 to 1998 to form a database for future comparison. Two different algorithm tools (based on increases of organism numbers over baseline) were applied to determine alert thresholds for suspected outbreaks using this information. The first algorithm (2SD) defined an alert as two standard deviations above the mean monthly number of isolates. The second (MI) defined an alert as either a 100% increase from the baseline organism number over 2 months or a ≥50% increase (compared to baseline) during a three-consecutive-month period. These two methods were compared to standard infection control professional surveillance (ICP) for the detection of clonal outbreaks over 12 months. Overall, a total of seven clonal outbreaks were detected during the 1-year study. Using standard methods, ICP investigated nine suspected outbreaks, four of which were associated with clonal microbes. The 2SD method signaled a suspected outbreak 15 times, of which three were clonal and ICP had detected one. The MI method signaled a suspected outbreak 30 times; four of these were clonal, and ICP had detected one. The sensitivity and specificity values for ICP, 2SD, and MI for detecting clonal outbreaks were 57, 43, and 57% and 17, 83, and 67%, respectively. Statistical methods applied to clinical microbiology laboratory information system data efficiently supplement infection control efforts for outbreak detection.
Lexical access and frequency sensitivity: frequency saturation and open/closed class equivalence.

Abstract Whether closed-class words use the same lexical access route(s) as open-class words has been intensely debated recently. Differences in frequency sensitivity have been suggested as one manifestation of separable access routes. However, all the lexical decision studies have been limited by floor effects at the higher frequency ranges which could mask theoretically important differences in the behavior of the two classes. We studied lexical decisions to high- and very-high frequency words of both classes using stimulus masking and speeded responses, in order to minimize floor effects, to try to reveal potential differences between the behavior of the two classes, and to contrast theories of lexical access. We did not find evidence to support the view that closed-class words have a different or special access route. Neither word class showed any appreciable frequency effect for Kucera-Francis frequencies of 400/million or greater, on either reaction time or error analyses. We did find open-class words to have somewhat faster responses than comparable closed-class words, but this may contradict some explanations of the reported word class effect (Bradley et al., 1980). Moreover, our data also show what may be word-specific influences on lexical decision times—effects which may be impossible to factor out of the word class effect in English. In order to accommodate the frequency insensitivity that we found, logogen-based models of lexical access have to be amended to include a floor on threshold settings. Resonance models (Gordon, 1983) , already predict this frequency insensitivity. It should be possible to distinguish between these two accounts by comparing masked and routine lexical decisions, but the unexpected word-specific effects prevented us from doing so.
Protein NMR Spectroscopy

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides unique information about protein structure, dynamics, hydration, and folding in aqueous solution, and has become a pivotal biophysical technique to investigate biological macromolecules. Although the first application of NMR spectroscopy to study proteins date back to the 1960s, its widespread use for proteins was fostered only in the late 1970s and early 1980s by introduction of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy conducted on spectrometers equipped with superconducting high-field magnets. Advances made in the subsequent 25 years until today have established NMR as an indispensable tool to study even large proteins with molecular masses above 100 kDa. These advances were due to new approaches for efficient production of stable isotope labeled proteins, novel spin relaxation, optimized and rapid sampling of NMR data collection strategies, and the advent of highly sensitive cryogenic probes used for signal detection at field strengths corresponding to 500–900 MHz proton resonance frequency. Recently, the outstanding value of NMR was demonstrated for high-throughput structure determination in the newly emerging field of structural genomics, which makes protein NMR spectroscopy also a key tool for systems biology. Keywords: Correlation Spectroscopy; Fourier Transformation; Nuclear Magnetic Moment; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy; Nuclear Spin; Triple Resonance NMR Experiment
Nanoindentation of gold and gold alloys by molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract The nanoindentation hardnesses and stacking fault energies (SFE) for pure and alloyed Au are determined from classical molecular dynamics simulations. Rather than a traditional force–displacement dependence that is examined in many previous nanoindentation works, we analyze the hardness vs. force in this study, which shows features that allow us to distinguish defect nucleation processes from hardening processes. During nanoindentation, homogeneously nucleated defects interact to form V-shape lock structures, and finally form four-sided dislocations that are continuously released into the bulk, in a manner similar to the heterogeneous Frank-Read dislocation generation mechanism. Hardness in the alloy system is predicted to be critically controlled by the ease and frequency of nucleation of new defects. Consistent with previous simulation results, the difference of the unstable and stable SFE, rather than the stable SFE along, is found to be closely related to this nucleation process, and thus to hardness.
Schooling and Patterns of Access in Ghana

(1981). Schooling and Patterns of Access in Ghana. Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des etudes africaines: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 311-322.
Status of Alkaline-surfactant Flooding

This paper provides an update on the status of alkaline-surfactant flooding technology. It covers the following topics: • Phase behavior of the mixture of soap and surfactant • Synergy of an AS system • Technical screening criteria • Laboratory and simulation work • Summary of AS field projects • Alkali and surfactant used • Study of AS application in heavy oil reservoirs • New development in China • Further discussions The data and analysis presented in this paper will provide readers with updated information about alkaline-surfacant flooding. Survey data will provide operators with reference data for their project design and optimization.
Teaching Students to Innovate: Evaluating Methods for Bioinspired Design and Their Impact on Design Self Efficacy

Bioinspired design is becoming an increasingly popular approach that makes use of nature as a source of inspiration to develop designs. Tools and methods are currently being evaluated to determine how designers may best leverage biological systems to generate designs. In this paper we present a study in an engineering elective course at Texas A&M University that explores the effects of five different methods for bioinspired design on the quality and quantity of ideas generated, student self-efficacy, as well as student feedback. These methods include Directed, Case Study, the use of AskNature.org, BioTRIZ, and Functional Modeling. We show that each of the methods produces numerous effective and creative solutions, with a high quality and quantity of ideas. We also show that the methods utilized to teach bioinspired design methods positively affect the students’ design confidence, outcome expectancy and anxiety, while also preserving students’ high motivation towards engineering design. Finally, we identify potential areas for improvement for the methods and the course.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Integration of Structural Health Monitoring and Intelligent Transportation Systems for Bridge Condition Assessment: Current Status and Future Direction

Recent catastrophic bridge failures clearly indicate the urgent need for improving interval-based bridge inspection procedures that are qualitative and subjective in nature. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) can mitigate the deficiencies of interval-based inspection techniques and provide real-time diagnostic information regarding the bridge structural health. SHM is not flawless however; the variability in the vehicle characteristics and traffic operational conditions makes it prone to false diagnosis. Recent advancements in the integration of SHM with intelligent transportation systems (ITS) demonstrate the successful use of ITS devices (e.g., traffic cameras, traffic detectors) in the analysis of bridge responses to multimodal traffic with varying loads or during the critical events that cause excess vibration beyond the normal limit. In an ITS-informed SHM system, the ITS device collected data can be integrated with SHM to increase the reliability and accuracy of the SHM system. This integration would reduce the possibility of false diagnosis of damages detected by the SHM system (e.g., vibrations caused by heavy vehicles on a bridge could be read by a SHM sensor as a structural health problem of the bridge), which would eventually decrease the bridge maintenance costs. Similarly, in SHM-informed ITS system, SHM sensors can provide data on bridge health condition for ITS applications, where ITS uses this bridge health condition information for real-time traffic management. In this paper, literature related to both ITS-informed SHM and SHM-informed ITS is reviewed. Based on the literature review, potential challenges and future research directions associated with ITS-SHM integration are also discussed.
Treatment of enchondroma combined fracture by autografts of ilium internal fixation

Objective To observe the treatments for enchondroma combined pathological fracture at metacarpal or phalanx.Methods We operated 8 patients with enchondroma combined pathological fracture at metacarpal or phalanx,one block of ilium autografts was fixed by plate steel or Kirschmer pins.Results All the cases were followed up until fractures completely healed,and all joints got satisfied function.Conclusion It can obtain good union by autografts of ilium internal fixation,and it is possible for the joints around to move earlier,so it is a good method for treating pathological fracture secondary to enchondroma at metacarpal or phalanx.
Kinder, gentler cancer therapy: not so fast.

Kinder, gentler cancer therapy is neither of those things if it fails to be as effective in controlling the cancer. When an area of completely clinically regressed cancer is excised, there is commonly residual cancer present.
Multiplex assay for subtyping avian influenza A viruses by cDNA hybridization and adapter-mediated amplification

Multiple subtypes of influenza A viruses circulating in animals must be closely monitored to understand their risk to humans and animal populations. Many molecular-based subtyping methods require constant monitoring of viral genomes for primer and/or probe mismatches and are prone to primer-primer interactions. This report presents a new approach that involves target enrichment through cDNA hybridization followed by adapter-mediated amplification for subtyping influenza virus (AmASIV). As a proof of concept, the AmASIV assay was multiplexed to specifically detect and differentiate influenza A virus subtypes (H5, N5, N7, and N9) in a single reaction without cross-recognition of nontarget subtypes or influenza B virus. The limit of detection (LOD) of AmASIV, as measured by 50 % egg-infective dose per reaction (EID50/reaction), was comparable to that of singleplex TaqMan® qPCR assays with LODs of 10–0.6 (H5), 102 (N5), 10–0.3 (N7), and 10–0.5 (N9) EID50/reaction. The AmASIV will strengthen animal influenza virus surveillance and laboratory capacity to improve prevention and control of influenza.
Guiding Double Electron Electron Resonance Experiments using Information Theory and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Flexible proteins present a unique set of challenges for refinement with either computational or experimental techniques: because these proteins occupy a large conformational space, standard molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be prohibitively expensive, and high-resolution experimental techniques like x-ray crystallography intentionally capture only small set of low energy states. A new approach is therefore needed to capture the conformational ensembles of flexible proteins. Double electron-electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy, an experimental technique that measures distance distributions between pairs of spin-labeled residues on a protein, provides quantitative information about less populated but still potentially important conformational states. However, because DEER experiments are costly and time consuming, only a small subset of pairs can be measured, often chosen arbitrarily. If instead of selecting an arbitrary or random subset, we select a subset of pairs such that they provide the maximum amount of information about the conformational ensemble, DEER could become an even more powerful tool for refinement. We have therefore developed 1) a new information-theoretic metric that ranks pairs of residues based on how well they refine a conformational ensemble and 2) a new methodology which identifies a set of highly informative pairs that perform well under this metric. Specifically, we incorporate DEER distance distributions into restrained-ensemble MD simulations, utilize the data from these simulations to identify a set of maximally-informative and minimally-redundant pairs, measure the pairs with DEER, and demonstrate the use of these pairs in refining the conformational ensemble of a flexible protein.
Effect of Frozen Storage on Polyphenol Oxidase, Antioxidant Content, and Color of Pawpaw (Asimina Triloba [L.] Dunal) Fruit Pulp

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity values for pawpaw pulp during frozen storage were measured for the main effect of month of storage at three levels (0, 4, 8 months) and treatment at four levels (vacuum, air, ascorbic acid or n-acetylcysteine). A significant effect of treatment was observed in PPO activity (p<0.001). Post hoc analysis revealed no significant difference between samples that were vacuum packaged and those for which no attempt to exclude air was made. The addition of the two chemical browning inhibitors significantly lowered PPO activity. Ascorbic acid exhibited a significant 69% reduction in PPO activity compared to vacuum and air samples and n-acetylcysteine was significantly more effective than ascorbic acid and almost completely inhibited PPO activity compared to the vacuum and air samples. CIELAB tristimulous color values (L*, a*, b*) were used to generate the applied color values total color difference (DE), browning index, hue and chroma in pawpaw pulp for the two main effects. Analysis of variance for the main effects showed significance for all seven color attributes at p<0.001. For the main effect of storage time, ANOVA showed significance during storage for all seven color attributes at p<0.001, indicating that there were color changes during storage. Pawpaw pulp samples at 8 months of storage were significantly darker (lower L*), more yellow (higher b*), more vivid (higher chroma), and had a higher browning index than the samples at 0 or 4 months of storage. For the main effect of treatment, ascorbic acid and n-acetylcysteine treatment produced pawpaw pulp that was significantly different than samples to which air was not excluded for all seven dependent color variables. Specifically, n-acetylcysteine and ascorbic acid produced pulp that was lighter (higher L*), less red (lower a*), and more yellow (higher b* and hue), more vivid (higher chroma), and exhibited more color difference (higher DE). A strategy to inhibit enzymatic browning during frozen storage would be useful for the nascent pawpaw industry.
Developmental Changes in Pretend Play from 22- to 34-Months in Younger Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Developmental trajectories of children's pretend play and social engagement, as well as parent sensitivity and stimulation, were examined in toddlers with an older sibling with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, high risk; HR) and toddlers with typically-developing older siblings (low risk; LR). Children (N = 168, 97 boys, 71 girls) were observed at 22, 28, and 34 months during free play with a parent and elicited pretend play with an examiner. At 28 and 34 months, children were asked to imagine the consequences of actions pantomimed by the examiner on a pretend transformation task. At 36 months children were assessed for ASD, yielding 3 groups for comparison: HR children with ASD, HR children without ASD (HR-noASD), and LR children. Children in all 3 groups showed developmental changes, engaging in more bouts of pretend play and obtaining higher scores on the elicited pretend and transformation tasks with age, but children with ASD lagged behind the other 2 groups on most measures. Children with ASD were also less engaged with their parents or the examiner during play interactions than either LR or HR-noASD children, with minimal developmental change evident. Parents, regardless of group, were highly engaged with their children, but parents of HR-noASD children received somewhat higher ratings on stimulation than parents of LR children. Most group differences were not accounted for by cognitive functioning. Instead, lower social engagement appears to be an important correlate of less advanced pretend skills, with implications for understanding the early development of children with ASD and for early intervention.
Worst-case reliability modeling and evaluation in cyber-enabled power distribution systems

This paper presents a methodology to calculate the worst-case reliability of smart distribution system. Impact of communication infrastructure failure on the system reliability is investigated in both substation-centered and decentralized multi-agent restoration management. Different communication infrastructure is also examined to evaluate the impact in the reliability of the substation centered distribution system. Comparison of the Worst-case Expected Energy Not Served (WEENS) is performed for all scenarios. Worst case communication link failure is adopted in reliability evaluation of cyber enabled distribution system.
Can Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Create Lordosis from a Posterior Approach

The transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is a well-established 3-column fusion technique that can be used to manage lumbar stenosis, instability, and deformity. Having been in use for more than 20 years, it has evolved into many different renditions. This includes protocols using minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches. To avoid the development of flatback syndrome, it is important that a TLIF procedural technique is capable of reproducibly restoring lordosis. This article describes one of many MIS TLIF protocols and presents some of its previously published outcomes.
A nifty twist on the producer-consumer solution

This is an assignment that I use in my operating systems class. It starts off by having students implement some code with semaphores. I give students the producer end of a producer-consumer solution and tell them to write the consumer. This turns out to be fairly simple as they just have to implement an algorithm from the book and the only issue is learning to use the POSIX semaphores. However, the nifty part of the assignment comes next -- I have them try to prove to me that their solution is correct by generating and analyzing some output. The initial, common, and wrong approach is to just print a count of items produced and consumed and compare the two numbers. We go over why this is inadequate, and then they go home and puzzle over some more solutions. Often their next attempts show that their producer and consumer code alternates, either one item at a time, or by the producer filling the buffer and then the consumer emptying it. We talk about why this still isn't the best test, and then it's back to the drawing board again. This also leads to more discussions about testing and how to get processes to interact in ways that actually test the boundaries of their code. The really good thing about this assignment is that the students get lulled into thinking about interprocess communication issues, but without being worried about their code actually being correct, since by and large, it is. Instead they spend time looking at and discussing this classic problem from different angles, which ultimately gives many of them a better understanding of the problem than they would get from just coding it.
United in diversity? Religious categorization in the German 2011 census

This article examines how German politicians conceptualized religion in debates on the 2011 Census Law. It shows that they selectively used four different conceptualizations: religion as legal memb...
Gas and Particulate Products Distribution from the Photooxidation of α-Humulene in the Presence of NOx, Natural Atmospheric Air and Sunlight

The photooxidation of α-humulene in the presence of NOx, natural sunlight, and rural background air was investigated using a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Identification and quantification of gas and particulate reaction products were reported over the course of the reaction. The daytime photooxidation was carried out in a large outdoor smog chamber (190 m3). A wide range of ring retaining and ring opening products in the gas and particle phase are reported. On average, measured gas and particle phase products accounted for ∼ 44% of the reacted α-humulene carbon. Measurements show that a number of reaction products with low vapor pressures (e.g. 3-seco-α-humulone aldehyde, 7-seco-α-humulone aldehyde, α-humulal aldehyde, α-humulene 3-oxide or α-humulene 7-oxide, α-humulaic/alic acid isomers, and 3-seco-α-14-hydroxyhumulone aldehyde) were found in the early stage of the reaction and may play an important role in the early formation of secondary organic aerosol. A detailed mechanism is proposed to account for most products observed in this investigation.
Core Competencies for Pediatric Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Fellowship Training.

Background Learners developing competency-based skills, attitudes, and knowledge through the achievement of defined milestones is a core feature of competency-based medical education. In 2017, a special interest study group of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry convened a panel of specialists to describe pediatric consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) best educational practices during child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship. Objective The objective of this project was to develop a national consensus on pediatric CLP competencies to help guide training in this specialty. Methods An expert working group developed a list of candidate competences based on previously established educational outcomes for CLP (formerly Psychosomatic Medicine), child and adolescent psychiatry, and general psychiatry. A survey was distributed to members of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Physically Ill Child Committee to determine child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship educational needs on pediatric CLP services and generate consensus regarding pediatric CLP competencies. Results Most survey respondents were supportive of the need for a national consensus on core competencies for pediatric CLP. Consensus from a panel of experts in the field of pediatric CLP generated a list of proposed core competencies that track the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's six core competencies. Conclusions Consistent learning outcomes provide the foundation for further development of tools to support training in pediatric CLP. There is a need to develop further tools including outcome assessment instruments and self-directed learning materials that can be used to support lifelong learning.
Jewish Law in Israel — Hope and Renewal

The article examines Israeli secular courts’ encounters with Jewish law. It focuses on cases decided since the adoption in 1980 of the Foundations of Law statute that authorized courts to consider certain principles of “Israel’s heritage,” when determining the law that governs a case. In 2018 the Knesset amended the statute to make clear that Jewish law (mishpat ivri) is a source of law. This presents a conundrum because, as rabbis have recognized for centuries, much of Jewish law dealing with preserving the social order is impractical. The article finds that some cases have shied away from using Jewish law when they might have used it to fashion a rule of law. Others have found that Jewish law is inconsistent with modern values and have advocated that Jewish law be reformed, even though the secular courts have no authority to make those reforms. In other instances, the courts have assumed that the Knesset did not intend to incorporate Jewish law. Despite these difficulties, a court should look for wisdom wherever it may be found. Any new state is bound to look to its people’s heritage for guidance in creating a new legal order. This is all the more understandable in the case of the Jewish people for whom the study and practice of the vast corpus of Jewish law has been central to its identity for centuries. The Knesset’s call to incorporate Jewish law into the law of the state and the courts’ grappling with the rich rabbinic literature at least give the law-making process a Jewish flavor and help to define Israel as a Jewish state.
Does a Traumatic Etiology of Hip Pain Influence Hip Arthroscopy Outcomes

Purpose To determine whether patients who reported a discrete traumatic event precipitating the onset of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) reported similar patient-reported outcomes for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and the Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS) following hip arthroscopy as patients with atraumatic hip pain associated with FAIS alone. Methods A retrospective comparative therapeutic investigation of a prospectively collected database of cases performed by a single surgeon from 2010 to 2015 identified a group of patients who developed FAIS after a discrete traumatic event. This group was compared 1:2 with a body mass index and age-matched group of primary hip arthroscopies with atraumatic hip pain attributed to FAIS. Preoperative mHHS and NAHS were obtained and compared with those at 2-year follow-up. Clinical failure at 2 years was defined as any further ipsilateral hip surgery including revision arthroscopy and conversion to arthroplasty. Results In the traumatic etiology group, the mean mHHS and NAHS improved from 49.6 to 82.7 (P Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate that patients presenting with FAIS and history of a traumatic hip injury can expect to experience similar good outcomes at 2 years following primary hip arthroscopy as compared with patients with atraumatic FAIS. Level of Evidence Level III (Therapeutic) retrospective comparative study.
The Remarkable BEC Dimer

We provide a short review (to appear in the proceedings of ‘Strongly Coupled Field Theories for Condensed Matter and Quantum Information Theory’, held in Natal 2015) of several articles by the author and his collaborators on aspects of the ‘Bose–Hubbard” dimer (also known as the “Bose Josephson junction”) as realized by a Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC) in a double-well optical trapping potential. We discuss the semi-classical model for this system (the Gross-Pitaevski (GP) equation) which is valid for a large number of atoms in the condensate and show that it is equivalent to an integrable classical dynamical system with multiple fixed points whose locations depend on the parameters of the system. We then discuss the full quantum mechanical model (the Bose–Hubbard Hamiltonian) both with and without dissipation. We demonstrate the surprising result that dissipation can actually enhance the condensate fraction and the EPR entanglement by driving the system nearer to the (classical) fixed points. We also show that the full quantum model predicts a tunneling phenomenon that is absent in the GP equation and that, in principle, should be observable in near-term experiments.
Truth and Gradability

I argue for two claims: that the ordinary English truth predicate is a gradable adjective and that truth is a property that comes in degrees. The first is a semantic claim, motivated by the linguistic evidence and the similarity of the truth predicate’s behavior to other gradable terms. The second is a claim in natural language metaphysics, motivated by interpreting the best semantic analysis of gradable terms as applied to the truth predicate. In addition to providing arguments for these two claims, I draw out consequences for debates about deflationism and truth-based analyses of notions such as assertion and logical consequence.
“We live in the age of choice”: school administrators, school choice policies, and the shaping of dual language bilingual education

In the past 20 years, both school choice policies and dual language bilingual education (DLBE) programs have proliferated across the US. This project examines the intersection of the two trends, examining how school choice policies have shaped DLBE at the district, school, and program level, through the eyes of 22 public school administrators in Arizona, California, and Texas. Prior work has shown how general neoliberal logic has shaped parents' desire for DLBE as well as how DLBE is marketed and who attends, but we argue here that school choice—itself a product of neoliberal logic—is a unique and powerful force shaping DLBE. We found that it spurred both the creation of new DLBE education programs (i.e., to help districts compete) and influenced existing programs (e.g., made principals hesitant to collaborate with those whom they see as competitors). We address the potential of these shifts to undermine goals of equity for Latinx and Spanish-speaking students. Yet, we also address the potential for administrators to co-opt the language and logic of school choice as a means to create programs that might ultimately serve the ends of social justice.
Gently stretching to reach all students: Inclusive learning through scaffolding and flexible pedagogy

Being flexible and responsive to students’ unique learning needs is a powerful skill in any teaching context, but it is perhaps especially valuable in one-shot library instruction, when a librarian has limited time with students and is often meeting them for the first time. Because librarians frequently enter the classroom with limited information about a class’s dynamics and its students’ current understandings, abilities, and interests, we often find ourselves needing to adapt in the moment of teaching more than we would if we had a more extensive connection to that class.
An Empirical Analysis of CEO Risk Aversion and the Propensity to Smooth Earnings Volatility

Volatility of firm performance is one measure of firm-specific risk that is priced in the marketplace. Because CEOs are typically undiversified investors in their companies' stocks, the negative va...
An unusual tell sign of botulinum toxin injection in patients with facial flushing: incorporating a new questionnaire in the evaluation of botulinum toxin patients

Lately it has been established that intra-dermal botulinum toxin is also effective in treating many dermatological conditions including refractory erythematous-telangiectatic rosacea, post - menopausal facial flushing and other similar conditions.However, the desired effect of treating the reddening in patients suffering from facial flushing can become an undesirable and embarrassing side effect when these same patients present to the clinic for esthetic concerns such as upper face rhytids. In this case, intramuscular botulinum toxin injections used for wrinkles treatment will also secondarily treat the facial reddening in their localized skin diffusion zones and result in embarrassing white patches all over the face. The patchy appearance following botulinum toxin injections for esthetic purposes could be bothersome for some patients and could be a tell-tale sign of botulinum toxin injections.