cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction of the von Willebrand Factor (vWF) with Collagen LOCALIZATION OF THE PRIMARY COLLAGEN-BINDING SITE BY ANALYSIS OF RECOMBINANT vWF A DOMAIN POLYPEPTIDES

The von Willebrand factor (vWF) mediates platelet adhesion to the vascular subendothelium by binding to collagen, other matrix constituents, and the platelet receptor glycoproteins Ib/IX and IIb/IIIa. Although substantial progress has been made in defining vWF structure-function relationships, there are conflicting data regarding the location of its collagen-binding site(s). Possible collagen-binding sites have been localized in the A1 and A3 domains of vWF. To study the proposed binding sites, we have expressed cDNA sequences encoding the A1 and A3 domains of vWF in Escherichia coli and purified the resulting proteins from bacterial inclusion bodies. In addition, a chimeric molecule containing residues 465-598 of the vWF A1 domain polypeptide (vWF-A1) fused in frame to residues 1018-1114 of the vWF A3 domain polypeptide (vWF-A3) was also expressed. Each of the three recombinant proteins purified as a monomer and contained a single disulfide bond. As previously reported (Cruz, M. A., Handin, R. I., and Wise, R. J. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 21238-21245), recombinant vWF-A1 inhibited ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination, but did not compete with vWF multimers for collagen binding. In contrast, vWF-A3 inhibited the binding of multimeric vWF to immobilized collagen, but did not inhibit ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination. Metabolically labeled vWF-A3 bound to immobilized collagen in a saturable and reversible manner with a Kd of 1.8 x 10(-6) M. The vWF-A1/A3 chimera was bifunctional. It inhibited vWF binding to platelet glycoprotein Ib/IX with an IC50 of 0.6 x 10(-6) M and inhibited vWF binding to collagen with an IC50 of 0.5-1.0 x 10(-6) M. These results, taken together, provide firm evidence that the major collagen-binding site in vWF resides in the A3 domain.
Second Messengers, Trafficking-Related Proteins, and Amino Acid Residues that Contribute to the Functional Regulation of the Rat Brain GABA Transporter GAT1

Recent evidence indicates that several members of the Na+-coupled transporter family are regulated, and this regulation in part occurs by redistribution of transporters between intracellular locations and the plasma membrane. We elucidate components of this process for both wild-type and mutant GABA transporters (GAT1) expressed in Xenopus oocytes using a combination of uptake assays, immunoblots, and electrophysiological measurements of membrane capacitance, transport-associated currents, and GAT1-specific charge movements. At low GAT1 expression levels, activators of protein kinase C (PKC) induce redistribution of GAT1 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane; at higher GAT1 expression levels, activators of PKC fail to induce this redistribution. However, coinjection of total rat brain mRNA with GAT1 permits PKC-mediated modulation at high transporter expression levels. This effect of brain mRNA on modulation is mimicked by coinjection of syntaxin 1a mRNA and is eliminated by injecting synaptophysin or syntaxin antisense oligonucleotides. Additionally, botulinum toxins, which inactivate proteins involved in vesicle release and recycling, reduce basal GAT1 expression and prevent PKC-induced translocation. Mutant GAT1 proteins, in which most or all of a leucine heptad repeat sequence was removed, display altered basal distribution and lack susceptibility to modulation by PKC, delineating one region of GAT1 necessary for its targeting. Thus, functional regulation of GAT1 in oocytes occurs via components common to transporters and to trafficking in both neural and non-neural cells, and suggests a relationship between factors that control neurotransmitter secretion and the components necessary for neurotransmitter uptake.
Low-Temperature Ion Beam Mixing in Metals

A systematic study of ion-beam mixing of tracer impurities in thin metal films at low temperatures has been conducted. We have investigated the dependence of ion mixing on two matrix properties: atomic mass and cohesive energy. We have also studied the dependence of ion mixing on tracer impurity properties: its heat of mixing with the matrix and its thermal diffusivity in the matrix. The matrices investigated were thin films of C, Al, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ru, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, and Au. The tracer impurities, Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Y, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, In, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au, and Bi, were deposited as ≤15 A layers near the midplanes of the specimens. All the tracer and matrix elements, except C, were deposited sequentially, without breaking vacuum. The samples were irradiated with 300–1000-keV Kr ions to doses 1015–1016 ions/cm2 at temperatures of 6 and/or 77 K. Most samples were analyzed at the irradiation temperature by He backscattering. A strong correlation between ion mixing and the matrix properties, atomic mass, and cohesive energy, was observed. A correlation between ion mixing and tracer impurity diffusion was also observed but not between ion mixing and the heat of mixing or relative mass of the impurity with the matrix. The results are interpreted within the framework of a thermal spike model of cascade diffusion.
Source of host blood affects prevalence of infection and bacterial loads of Yersinia pestis in fleas.

Abstract Yersinia pestis, the etiological agent of plague, is transmitted by multiple flea species. Previous studies have reported wide variability in transmission efficiency among competent vectors. However, it is unclear to what extent such variation is explained by methodological differences among studies. To optimize an artificial feeding system where fleas are infected with controlled numbers of Y. pestis under standardized laboratory conditions that could be used to systematically compare vector efficiency, we sought to test the effect of host bloodmeal source on 1) the flea’s ability to remain infected with Y. pestis and 2) bacterial loads in fleas. Here, we demonstrate that both prevalence of infection with a virulent strain of Y. pestis (CO96–3188) and bacterial loads in rock squirrel fleas (Oropsylla montana) are affected by host-associated blood factors. The generality of this observation was confirmed by repeating the study using the rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) and a commonly used avirulent ...
After the Rhapsody: George Gershwin in the Spring of 1924

1924 was one of the most demanding years of George Gershwin’s career. In addition to the wildly successful premiere of the Rhapsody in Blue that led to numerous additional performances of the work throughout the year, he wrote the music for three hit musicals, all of which opened during that year. Given this context, a manuscript notebook in the Gershwin Collection at the Library of Congress dating from March and April 1924 is particularly intriguing. Because this notebook contains the earliest known sketch of “The Man I Love” (one of Gershwin’s best-loved popular songs), it has been acknowledged in passing by Gershwin scholars. “The Man I Love,” however, is only one of nine short pieces in the notebook and is the only entry written in what is now defined as Gershwin’s compositional style. This article briefly addresses the entire contents of this “March–April 1924 notebook,” exploring the possibilities of what Gershwin’s purposes in writing these undeveloped works might have been. Were they unused stage music, ideas for the set of piano preludes he was writing off and on during this era, or were they exercises focused on correcting weaknesses in compositional technique uncovered while writing the Rhapsody in Blue? Whatever their purpose, the pieces in this notebook provide clues as to what Gershwin’s creative priorities may have been, as well as further insights into how Gershwin honed his musical craft.
Assessing Political Opinions About Transgender Legal Rights Using a Multiple-Segment Factorial Vignette Approach

Research has rarely teased apart the issues related to the transgender community from lesbian, gay, and bisexual concerns. This is particularly problematic due to the relatively delayed passing of legislation to protect transgender legal rights when compared to those of various sexual orientations. With research showing how important empirical evidence can be for advocacy, this study attempts to understand the nature of the general population’s attitudes about transgender rights separate from gays and lesbians by using a multiple-segment factorial vignette to bring clarity on the similarities and differences in political attitudes about sexual orientation and gender identity. Results reveal how attitudes about legal rights differ between groups and how stable the opinions are for policies that support transgender people. These findings have the potential to be useful in building effective policy campaigns targeting members of the dominant voting group.
The Trial of Susan B. Anthony for Illegal Voting

More than any other woman of her generation, Susan B. Anthony saw that all of the legal disabilities faced by American women owed their existence to the simple fact that women lacked the vote. When Anthony, at age 32, attended her first woman's rights convention in Syracuse in 1852, she declared that the right which woman needed above every other, the one indeed which would secure to her all the others, was the right of suffrage. Anthony spent the next fifty-plus years of her life fighting for the right to vote. She would work tirelessly: giving speeches, petitioning Congress and state legislatures, publishing a feminist newspaper - all for a cause that would not succeed until the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment fourteen years after her death in 1906. She would, however, once have the satisfaction of seeing her completed ballot drop through the opening of a ballot box. It happened in Rochester, New York on November 5, 1872, and the event - and the trial for illegal voting that followed - would create a opportunity for Anthony to spread her arguments for women suffrage to a wider audience than ever before.
Neutron Star Physics and EOS

Neutron stars are important because measurement of their masses and radii will determine the dense matter equation of state. They will constrain the nuclear matter symmetry energy, which controls the neutron star matter pressure and the interior composition, and will influence the interpretation of nuclear experiments. Astrophysical observations include pulsar timing, X-ray bursts, quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries, pulse profiles from millisecond pulsars, neutrino observations from gravitational collapse supernovae,and gravitational radiation from compact object mergers. These observations will also constrain the neutron star interior, including the properties of superfluidity there, and determine the existence of a possible QCD phase transition.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based π-Bridged Donor–Acceptor Polymer for Photovoltaic Applications

We report the synthesis, properties, and photovoltaic applications of a new conjugated copolymer (C12DPP-π-BT) containing a donor group (bithiophene) and an acceptor group (2,5-didodecylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione), bridged by a phenyl group. Using cyclic voltammetry, we found the energy levels of C12DPP-π-BT are intermediate to common electron donor and acceptor photovoltaic materials, poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), respectively. Whereas P3HT and PCBM are exclusively electron donating or accepting, we predict C12DPP-π-BT may uniquely serve as either an electron donor or an acceptor when paired with PCBM or P3HT forming junctions with large built-in potentials. We confirmed the ambipolar nature of C12DPP-π-BT in space charge limited current measurements and in C12DPP-π-BT:PCBM and C12DPP-π-BT:P3HT bulk heterojunction solar cells, achieving power conversion efficiencies of 1.67% and 0.84%, respectively, under illumination of AM 1.5G...
Functional Outcomes Following First Metatarsophalangeal Arthrodesis

Background:First metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis is a common procedure for treatment of arthritis of the first MTP joint. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes of a series of patients of multiple surgeons undergoing first MTP joint arthrodesis, emphasizing the functional gains with respect to daily activity that can be expected after this procedure.Methods:A retrospective review of 53 patients who underwent successful isolated first MTP joint arthrodesis with either a plate and screw or independent screw construct was performed at our institution over a 6-year period. Successful fusion was defined as no lucency at the first MTP joint and bridging of 2 or more cortices on the anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique radiographic views at final follow-up. Demographic information and radiographs were evaluated for all patients. Preoperative and postoperative Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Short Form Health Status Survey (SF) 36/12 functional outcome scores, a...
Neuronal localization of the tyrosine-specific protein kinase p62c-yes in rat basal ganglia

The cellular localization of the tyrosine-specific protein kinase p62c-yes, the product of the proto-oncogene c-yes, has been examined in the striatonigral neurons which interconnect the rat neostriatum and substantia nigra. Although p62c-yes was more enriched in the neostriatum than in the substantia nigra, excitotoxin-induced necrosis of nerve cells in the neostriatum led to 50–60% decreases of p62c-yes both in the lesioned neostriatum and in the ipsilateral substantia nigra. Hence, the p62c-yes tyrosine kinase is present both in the cell body region and in the axonal and nerve terminal region of the striatonigral neurons. This localization indicates that the enzyme may be involved in both presynaptic and postsynaptic functions in mammalian forebrain neurons.
Nuclear Microprobe Analysis of Transmembrane Ion Flux in Rat Brain

Maintenance of euglycemia is crucial because glucose is the sole nutrient that can be utilized by the brain, retina, and germinal epithelium in sufficient quantities to provide required levels of energy. Since carbohydrate reserves in neural tissue are limited, normal nerve cell function depends upon a continuous glucose supply. Neurons located in select brain sites, including the hindbrain nucleus tractus solitarius/area postrema complex (NTS/AP), exhibit unique electrophysiological and/or genomic responses to glucopenia, suggesting that regulatory signaling of this substrate fuel deficit originates within these select loci. Fundamental questions concerning the identification of monitored metabolic variables and the molecular mechanisms by which local sensor cells transduce energetic distributions into neural signals remain unresolved. The combination of microscopic particle induced x-ray emission (μPIXE) and scanning transmission ion microscopy (STIM) can permit quantitative multielemental mapping of the brain, at the single cell level, with part-per-million sensitivity while simultaneously providing structural information. Over the past year, the authors have investigated methods for utilization of μPIXE and STIM in conjunction with established neuroanatomical and pharmacological approaches in a novel strategy to characterize electrolytic indices of neuronal function. Micrometer-scale resolution of discrete brain sites is expected to yield critical information on intracellular levels of ions that regulate membrane potential and synaptic firing. This paper presents results on regional mapping for effects of metabolic manipulations deficits on the transmembrane flux of sodium, potassium, chlorine, and calcium ions. This research will significantly advance the current understanding of the cellular and molecular bases linking neuronal energetics with homeostatic regulation of metabolic substrate availability.
‘Minds Were Forced Wide Open’: Black adolescents’ identity exploration in a transformative social justice class

Theories imply that transformative teaching influences positive identity development, but empirical studies of this relationship are sparse. It is clear that good teaching can positively influence youth; however, it is less clear how good teachers influence positive identity outcomes in youth, and in particular Black youth. We examined the identity exploration of 13 former Black students of a high school transformative social justice class. Drawing from a larger qualitative study that addressed transformative social justice and adolescent development, the current analysis focused on the subset of factors that contributed to identity exploration and beliefs about civic responsibility in one's career and personal life. RESULTS revealed an emphasis on civic and career identity exploration, feeling agentic and self-assured, and reconsidering privilege. FINDINGS are discussed in terms of transformative social justice enhancing Black youths' investment in their development. Language: en
Presuming Communicative Competence with Children with Autism: A Discourse Analysis of the Rhetoric of Communication Privilege

In this chapter, I explore how parents and therapists negotiate the meaning of communication with minimally and non-verbal children with autism. Specifically, I share findings from a study of the interactions of children with autism and their parents and therapists. This study was situated within a discursive psychology framework (Edwards & Potter, 1992; Potter & Wetherell, 1987) and informed by critical notions of disability (Oliver, 1996; Thomas, 1999), critical perspectives on communication (Biklen et al., 2005; Biklen & Burke, 2006), and certain aspects of conversation analysis (Sacks, 1992).
Accuracy and transfer in associating virtual and embodied toys

This study focuses on whether or not young children transfer what they learn about a toy character from one setting to another (e.g. stuffed animal to computer game) and whether the interactivity of the toy and/or the age of the child has an effect. This study explores the following two questions: 1) How are children's abilities to accurately link information to a toy character affected by the interactive nature of the toy? 2) Does the child's age influence the information they generalize between media? Young children's understanding of the relation between video and reality is far from complete (DeLouche, 1995, Melzoff, 1988), and there is high possibility that several factors may influence the transfer of information from one setting to another (Holyoak & Spellman, 1993). Thus if we want to prevent young children from conflating media and reality, it will be necessary to find explicit ways to help them mark the differences.
Treatment and prognosis in the leukemias and allied disorders.

Currently, we have no cures for patients with leukemia and allied disorders. However, there are available a number of agents which, judiciously employed, alone or in combination, may contribute significantly to the health and life of such patients. On the basis of his own clinical experience, the author assesses various chemotherapeutic agents as well as different types of x-ray therapy, and discusses their applicability to specific disease states.
Mutational analysis of prostate‐specific antigen defines the intrinsic proteolytic activity of the proPSA zymogen

BACKGROUND Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an important prostate cancer biomarker. It is also a protease expressed at high concentrations by the normal and malignant prostate. PSA is secreted as a zymogen (proPSA) with an inhibitory prodomain that must be removed for full activity. ProPSA variants, assumed to be inactive, are found in the blood of prostate cancer patients, and are indicative of poor clinical outcome. Despite the abundance of clinical reports, our understanding of PSA's enzymology is limited, in part due to a lack of appropriate experimental systems. We sought to develop a series of PSA-derived mutants that would help to enhance our understanding of the gene. METHODS Sixteen rPSA variants were generated and characterized by a variety of biochemical methods. RESULTS The wildtype cDNA (WT) provided the template for generating a panel of recombinants. These included variants that abolished removal of the prodomain (R24A), disabled its enzymatic activity (S213A), and/or facilitated a cell-based conversion to the active conformation (FR). The purified variants’ proteolytic activity was examined using a fluorogenic substrate, known PSA-cleavable proteins, and physiologically relevant inhibitors. Upon demonstrating our successful generation and purification of the PSA variants, we characterized proPSA activity, describing cleavage of synthetic and biologic substrates, but not serum protease inhibitors. This finding was exploited in the development of a self-activating mutant (PSA_QY) that exhibited the greatest enzymatic activity of all the variants. CONCLUSIONS The system described herein will prove useful for varied applications. ProPSA is partially functional with relatively high activity compared to the mature enzyme. In demonstrating the zymogen's intrinsic activity, we suggest that the proPSA in prostate cancer patient serum is not inert. This may have implications for our understanding of the disease. Prostate. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vocal cord injection techniques.

Injection techniques for the rehabilitation of paralytic dysphonia (e.g., Teflon) remain popular in the United States. This article presents a historical perspective of vocal cord paralysis, its work-up, and the indication, timing, techniques, and results of vocal cord injection.
Microbiological and Endotoxin Assays of Hemodialysis Fluids

The potential for exposure of dialysis patients to greater levels of microbial and endotoxin contamination has increased dramatically during the last decade with the increase in reuse of hemodialyzers, and the use of bicarbonate dialysate and high flux dialysis. To help prevent pyrogenic reactions and bacteremia in hemodialysis patients caused by microbial and endotoxin contamination of hemodialysis fluids, the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) has promulgated standards for maximum allowable concentrations of bacteria and endotoxin in these fluids. Each dialysis center should develop microbiological and endotoxin surveillance policies and procedures for the types of hemodialysis fluids to assay, frequency and manner of sample collection, assay techniques, and methods for recording and interpreting results to ensure compliance with the AAMI standards. These necessary components of a comprehensive surveillance program are discussed in depth in this article. A safer environment will be provided for each dialysis patient if appropriate microbiological assay procedures are followed and the results are consistently within the AAMI microbiological and endotoxin standards.
A framework for devolatilization breakdown in entrained flow gasification modeling

Abstract A new framework for volatile breakdown is developed for entrained flow gasification modeling. The framework is based on an optimized solution of an under-determined system of equations formulated using a two-step Moore-Penrose generalized matrix approach. The approach permits the determination of the volatile composition using just the Proximate-Ultimate analysis data of coal. The method can be utilized for all coal types irrespective of origin. The accuracy and consistency of the framework is demonstrated by direct comparison with available devolatilization breakdown data. The overall performance of the framework is also appraised by incorporating it in a CFD simulation of an actual entrained flow gasifier. The reactor exit syngas composition from the simulation is favorably compared with available experimental data.
Spermatogonial Stem Cells: Implications for Genetic Disorders and Prevention.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) propagate mammalian spermatogenesis throughout male reproductive life by continuously self-renewing and differentiating, ultimately, into sperm. SSCs can be cultured for long periods and restore spermatogenesis upon transplantation back into the native microenvironment in vivo. Conventionally, SSC research has been focused mainly on male infertility and, to a lesser extent, on cell reprogramming. With the advent of genome-wide sequencing technology, however, human studies have uncovered a wide range of pathogenic alleles that arise in the male germ line. A subset of de novo point mutations was shown to originate in SSCs and cause congenital disorders in children. This review describes both monogenic diseases (eg, Apert syndrome) and complex disorders that are either known or suspected to be driven by mutations in SSCs. We propose that SSC culture is a suitable model for studying the origin and mechanisms of these diseases. Lastly, we discuss strategies for future clinical ...
Systems Genetics Approach Identifies Gene Pathways and Adamts2 as Drivers of Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Cardiomyopathy in Mice

We previously reported a genetic analysis of heart failure traits in a population of inbred mouse strains treated with isoproterenol to mimic catecholamine-driven cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we apply a co-expression network algorithm, wMICA, to perform a systems-level analysis of left ventricular transcriptomes from these mice. We describe the features of the overall network but focus on a module identified in treated hearts that is strongly related to cardiac hypertrophy and pathological remodeling. Using the causal modeling algorithm NEO, we identified the gene Adamts2 as a putative regulator of this module and validated the predictive value of NEO using small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Adamts2 silencing regulated the expression of the genes residing within the module and impaired isoproterenol-induced cellular hypertrophy. Our results provide a view of higher order interactions in heart failure with potential for diagnostic and therapeutic insights.
PGI2 Controls Pulmonary NK Cells That Prevent Airway Sensitization to House Dust Mite Allergen.

In allergic asthma, inhalation of airborne allergens such as the house dust mite (HDM) effectively activates both innate and adaptive immunity in the lung mucosa. To determine the role of the eicosanoid PGI2 and its receptor IP during allergic airway sensitization, HDM responses in mice lacking a functional IP receptor (i.e., PGI2 IP receptor–deficient [IP−/−]) were compared with wild type (WT) mice. Surprisingly, IP−/− mice had increased numbers of pulmonary CD3−NK1.1+Ly49b+ NK cells producing IFN-γ that was inversely associated with the number of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) expressing IL-33Rα and IL-13 compared with WT animals. This phenomenon was associated with elevated CX3CL1 levels in the airways of IP−/− mice and treatment with a neutralizing Ab to CX3CL1 reduced IFN-γ production by the lung NK cells. Remarkably, IP−/− mice were less responsive to HDM challenge than WT counterparts because intranasal instillation of the allergen induced markedly reduced levels of airway eosinophils, CD4+ lymphocyte infiltration, and mucus production, as well as depressed levels of CCL2 chemokine and Th2 cytokines. NK cells were responsible for such attenuated responses because depletion of NK1.1+ cells in IP−/− mice restored both the HDM-induced lung inflammation and ILC2 numbers, whereas transfer of CD3−NK1.1+ NK cells into the airways of WT hosts suppressed the inflammatory response. Collectively, these data demonstrate a hitherto unknown role for PGI2 in regulating the number and properties of NK cells resident in lung tissue and reveal a role for NK cells in limiting lung tissue ILC2s and preventing allergic inflammatory responses to inhaled HDM allergen.
Learning by Swimming in Signs

The swimmer learns how to swim by swimming, not by following a swimming manual according to Deleuze. Such learning is incipient—it occurs by way of asignifying sensations, affects, and movements as when the body and water are swimming-in-relationship. In doing so, the becoming-water of the body and becoming-body of water is constituted through the contingency of their encounter. In this writing, I explore the diagrammatic vectoring movements of swimming in signs in terms of emergent modalities of thinking and their relationship with the immanent creativity of art research and practice. The works of historical and contemporary artists will be discussed in relation to Deleuze’s concept of swimming in signs including an in-depth characterization of Mona Hatoum’s diasporic video performance Measures of Distance. Hatoum’s object as an artist is neither signification nor subjectification, neither the making of meaning nor the reproduction of herself, but the making of signs entangling with multiple other signs, signs upon signs, interminably, which constitute learning as perpetual swimming.
Discrete real-time state observer based feedback control methodology for Doubly Fed Induction machine

In this paper, a discrete form of reduced order state observer for Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is designed that estimates the machine states and rotor currents using stator voltage and power measurements. Further, the proposed state observer is used to provide a state feedback control strategy for Rotor Side Converter (RSC) of DFIG. The state observer and controller were tested on varying operating condition in Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation platform. The results verify that the state observer can be used in existing form of control for DFIG with better tracking of output and at the same time reduce the complexity and need for measurements. Also, these state estimator based controllers eliminate the need of rotor current sensors for DFIG control.
Intravenous Heroin Induces Rapid Brain Hypoxia and Hyperglycemia that Precede Brain Metabolic Response.

Heroin use and overdose have increased in recent years as people transition from abusing prescription opiates to using the cheaper street drug. Despite a long history of research, many physiological effects of heroin and their underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we used high-speed amperometry to examine the effects of intravenous heroin on oxygen and glucose levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in freely-moving rats. Heroin within the dose range of human drug use and rat self-administration (100–200 μg/kg) induced a rapid, strong, but transient drop in NAc oxygen that was followed by a slower and more prolonged rise in glucose. Using oxygen recordings in the subcutaneous space, a densely-vascularized site with no metabolic activity, we confirmed that heroin-induced brain hypoxia results from decreased blood oxygen, presumably due to drug-induced respiratory depression. Respiratory depression and the associated rise in CO 2 levels appear to drive tonic increases in NAc glucose via local vasodilation. Heroin-induced changes in oxygen and glucose were rapid and preceded the slow and prolonged increase in brain temperature and were independent of enhanced intra-brain heat production, an index of metabolic activation. A very high heroin dose (3.2 mg/kg), corresponding to doses used by experienced drug users in overdose conditions, caused strong and prolonged brain hypoxia and hyperglycemia coupled with robust initial hypothermia that preceded an extended hyperthermic response. Our data suggest heroin-induced respiratory depression as a trigger for brain hypoxia, which leads to hyperglycemia, both of which appear independent of subsequent changes in brain temperature and metabolic neural activity.
A Universe Far from Equilibrium

Talking precisely about the universe in terms that come from rules solely deriving from inside said universe is difficult, to say the least. This funny conundrum, namely one of not being able to separate the observer from the observed, is a central tenet for almost all the concepts in this book. When we look at time and try to deconstruct it, it is difficult because it has become tangled with space, when we try to deconstruct space it is somehow acquired a messy tangled relationship with time, and when you try to untangle them as a unit, we find that they depend on reference frames which are tangled as well!
Use Theory of Planned Behavior to Discuss Health Examination Intention in Foreign-Capital Medical Institutes - Evidence on Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital

Taiwanese health industry started to invest in China in 1990s. When the first Taiwanese hospital, Chang Gung Hospital, entered the China market, the territory of Taiwan-capital hospitals in the mai...
Preparing Inoculants Using Diluted Cultures of Rhizobia and Presterilized Peat

The production capacity of small-scale inoculant production plants using presterilized peat can be increased by using diluted liquid cultures of rhizobia. In this exercise, fully grown cultures are diluted in water and other diluents of different formulations prior to incorporating of presterilized peat in packages or in polypropylene trays. The multiplication of rhizobia in the inoculants is studied.
Conclusion: How to Learn More About Forensic Psychiatry

After reading this text, readers’ increased understanding of the law will improve their capacity to discern which legal or forensic issues are within the scope of general psychiatry practice and which are beyond it. For those issues that are beyond the reader’s level of comfort or knowledge, it may be beneficial to consult with or refer to a forensic psychiatrist with more specialized expertise and training in these areas. Forensic psychiatrists have specialized knowledge and skill regarding forensic issues and are able to use their training to help clinicians understand and apply the law to their clinical work and to work with policy makers to help inform policies and statutes for legally regulated aspects of psychiatric practice (e.g., civil commitment and involuntary medication). For those readers who have an interest in gaining a greater level of expertise in forensic psychiatry, it may be worthwhile to pursue additional training through a forensic psychiatry fellowship. Additional opportunities to learn about forensic psychiatry are available via engagement with forensic psychiatry professional organizations and scholarly journals.
Towards reaction and response time metrics for real-world human-robot interaction

Reaction time and response time have been successfully measured in laboratory settings. As robots move into the real-world, such metrics are needed for human-robot team deployments when evaluating interaction naturalness, ability to maintain safety, and task performance. Potential real-world reaction and response time metrics for peer-based teams are presented. Primary and secondary task reaction and response times were measured via video and auditory coding for a subset of first response tasks. The successful application of the metrics showed that primary task reaction and response times were longer for human-robot teams.
Sustainability of a Community-Based Enterprise through shared value. Case: Mallay Communal Company

The relationship of a community-based enterprise (CBE) and a mining company was reviewed from the perspective of shared value creation. Specifically, through the study of the Mallay CBE and its interaction with the Buenaventura mining company, the opportunity to create economic value by creating value for the community was verified. The CBE is an organizational innovation whose management is oriented towards the market, integrating its activities with the operative dynamics of the mining company through the provision of services. CBE focuses on member’s economic benefit and the social welfare of the broader community. There are, however, barriers that limit the growth and optimization of the desired impacts caused by this articulation. Despite this, the economic and social value generated is significant and the defined growth model under certain circumstances could be replicable and scalable.
Majority of Total Joint Arthroplasties Are Subtherapeutic on Warfarin at Time of Discharge: Another Reason to Avoid Warfarin as a Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis?

Abstract Background Warfarin has been used as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) for over 60 years. With trends of shorter hospital stays for TJA patients, it is important to examine how many patients achieve therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) at time of discharge. We aimed at elucidating the proportion of patients discharged at therapeutic INR and whether this is affected by inpatient specialty anticoagulation management service (AMS) involvement. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 2927 primary TJA patients who received warfarin as postoperative VTE chemoprophylaxis from 2011 to 2016. An electronic chart query determined AMS input, length of stay (LOS), INR at discharge, and in-hospital complications. INR results were categorized as subtherapeutic (INR t -tests were performed for analysis. Results At discharge, 93.9% of patients had subtherapeutic INR. Average INR was 1.41 with average LOS of 2.53 days. Factors associated with being subtherapeutic included male gender, shorter LOS, fewer comorbidities, reduced in-hospital complications, and higher body mass index. AMS supervised postoperative warfarin dosing in 64.9% of patients. Patients managed by AMS were less likely to be subtherapeutic at discharge compared to those without AMS input; however, the absolute difference in INR may not be clinically significant. There were 19 VTEs, of which 13 had prolonged hospitalization to achieve therapeutic INR. Conclusion The majority of patients are discharged at subtherapeutic INR levels despite management by AMS. Patients may not be adequately anticoagulated with warfarin at time of discharge, raising significant patient safety concerns as well as medicolegal implications.
Ideas in dialogue: Leveraging the power of child-led storytelling in the multicultural preschool classroom

An investigation into the interactive features of small group, child-led storytelling in preschool classrooms serving lower socioeconomic status (SES), multilingual children shows both the affordances and constraints of positioning children to author their own experiences in the classroom. In story circles, children told stories that included canonical instantiations of story and culturally shaped features. Through their stories, the children advanced ideas, built connections, and evaluated ways of telling stories as they continued ideas like threads from story to story. Child-led storytelling did not disrupt the dynamics of power through which some ways of using language are privileged while others are marginalized. Instead, story circles simply shifted children’ relationship to the process of being and becoming literate such that children did the evaluating, valuing, and promoting of ways of using language, developing literate identities, but potentially forestalling some ways of participating even as shared interactional norms were developed. (Storytelling, multicultural, early childhood education)*
Radial Coronary Interventions

The radial artery access is gaining popularity due to decreased rates of access site complications and improved patient comfort. This chapter is an overview on radial interventions.
Promoting electric vehicles in the Trump era: What can feasibly be done to drive electric vehicle purchases in the United States for the next two years in the current political climate

AbstractFollowing the 2016 election, the electric vehicle industry will likely face heightened opposition in the coming years. This article focuses on the actions that can be taken at the federal, ...
Is Gcn4-induced autophagy the ultimate downstream mechanism by which hormesis extends yeast replicative lifespan?

The number of times a cell divides before irreversibly arresting is termed replicative lifespan. Despite discovery of many chemical, dietary and genetic interventions that extend replicative lifespan, usually first discovered in budding yeast and subsequently shown to apply to metazoans, there is still little understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. One unifying theme is that most, if not all, interventions that extend replicative lifespan induce “hormesis”, where a little inflicted damage makes cells more able to resist similar challenges in the future. One of the many cellular changes that occur during hormesis is a global reduction in protein synthesis, which has been linked to enhanced longevity in many organisms. Our recent study in budding yeast found that it was not the reduction in protein synthesis per se, but rather the subsequent induction of the conserved Gcn4 transcriptional regulator and its ability to induce autophagy that was responsible for extending replicative lifespan. We propose that Gcn4-dependent induction of autophagy occurring downstream of reduced global protein synthesis may be a unifying molecular mechanism for many interventions that extend replicative lifespan.
On the connectivity of posets in the mapping class group

Let Δ p (Γ) denote the poset of elementary abelian p-subgroups of Γ, and let Γ g denote the mapping class group of genus g. We give a complete description of the connectivity of the simplicial complex |Δ p (Γ g )|/Γ g for any prime p and integer g.
“The Theater of Real Life”: Godwin’s Mandeville and Milton’s A Masque Presented at Ludlow Castle

ABSTRACTThis essay explores John Milton’s influence on William Godwin’s 1817 novel Mandeville, notably in the many citations and allusions Mandeville draws from A Masque Presented at Ludlow Castle ...
EGGS: A Flexible Approach to Relational Modeling of Social Network Spam.

Social networking websites face a constant barrage of spam, unwanted messages that distract, annoy, and even defraud honest users. These messages tend to be very short, making them difficult to identify in isolation. Furthermore, spammers disguise their messages to look legitimate, tricking users into clicking on links and tricking spam filters into tolerating their malicious behavior. Thus, some spam filters examine relational structure in the domain, such as connections among users and messages, to better identify deceptive content. However, even when it is used, relational structure is often exploited in an incomplete or ad hoc manner. In this paper, we present Extended Group-based Graphical models for Spam (EGGS), a general-purpose method for classifying spam in online social networks. Rather than labeling each message independently, we group related messages together when they have the same author, the same content, or other domain-specific connections. To reason about related messages, we combine two popular methods: stacked graphical learning (SGL) and probabilistic graphical models (PGM). Both methods capture the idea that messages are more likely to be spammy when related messages are also spammy, but they do so in different ways; SGL uses sequential classifier predictions and PGMs use probabilistic inference. We apply our method to four different social network domains. EGGS is more accurate than an independent model in most experimental settings, especially when the correct label is uncertain. For the PGM implementation, we compare Markov logic networks to probabilistic soft logic and find that both work well with neither one dominating, and the combination of SGL and PGMs usually performs better than either on its own.
Your Robot is Watching: Using Surface Cues to Evaluate the Trustworthiness of Human Actions

A number of important human-robot applications demand trust. Although a great deal of research has examined how and why people trust robots, less work has explored how robots might decide whether to trust humans. Surface cues are perceptual clues that provide hints as to a person’s intent and are predictive of behavior. This paper proposes and evaluates a model for recognizing trust surface cues by a robot and predicting if a person’s behavior is deceitful in the context of a trust game. The model was tested in simulation and on a physical robot that plays an interactive card game. A human study was conducted where subjects played the game against a simulation, the robot, and a human opponent. Video data was hand coded by two coders with an inter-rater reliability of 0.41 based on Levenshtein distance. It was found that the model outperformed/matched the human coders on 50% of the subjects. Overall, this paper contributes a method that may begin to allow robots to evaluate the surface cues generated by a person to determine whether or not it should trust them.
Closing The Medicaid Coverage Gap: Options For Reform

Eight years after the US Supreme Court's landmark decision in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, more than two million of the nation's poorest working-age adults continue to feel its effects. These are the people who, because of the decision, remain without a pathway to affordable health insurance coverage because they live in a state that has not expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Closing the coverage gap created by NFIB v. Sebelius represents the ACA's most pressing piece of unfinished business. Several options, which vary in cost and political complexity, exist for closing the gap in ways that respect the ACA's pluralistic approach to insurance coverage while adhering to constitutional principles. These considerations must be balanced against the urgency of the problem and the fact that, constitutionally speaking, Medicaid alone can no longer guarantee a national remedy to the fundamental issue of health insurance inequality for the poorest Americans.
Methodist Hospital’s Rhetoric of Atonement: Examining an Organization’s Response to NICU Overdoses

On a Saturday evening in September, 2006, six infants in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at an Indiana hospital were given incorrect doses of medication that ultimately ended with the death ...
Pancreatic Cancer Surgery Following Emergency Department Admission: Understanding Poor Outcomes and Disparities in Care.

The impact of emergency department admission prior to pancreatic resection on perioperative outcomes is not well described. We compared patients who underwent pancreatic cancer surgery following admission through the emergency department (ED-surgery) with patients receiving elective pancreatic cancer surgery (elective) and outcomes. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to identify patients undergoing pancreatectomy for cancer over 5 years (2008–2012). Demographics and hospital characteristics were assessed, along with perioperative outcomes and disposition status. A total of 8158 patients were identified, of which 516 (6.3%) underwent surgery after admission through the ED. ED-surgery patients were more often socioeconomically disadvantaged (non-White 39% vs. 18%, Medicaid or uninsured 24% vs. 7%, from lowest income area 33% vs. 21%; all p 6: 44% vs. 26%, p < .0001), and often had pancreatectomy performed at sites with lower annual case volume (< 7 resections/year: 53% vs. 24%, p < .0001). ED-surgery patients were less likely to be discharged home after surgery (70% vs. 82%, p < .0001) and had higher mortality (7.4% vs. 3.5%, p < .0001). On multivariate analysis, ED-surgery was independently associated with a lower likelihood of being discharged home (aOR 0.55 (95%CI 0.43–0.70)). Patients undergoing pancreatectomy following ED admission experience worse outcomes compared with those who undergo surgery after elective admission. The excess of socioeconomically disadvantaged patients in this group suggests factors other than clinical considerations alone drive this decision. This study demonstrates the need to consider presenting patient circumstances and preoperative oncologic coordination to reduce disparities and improve outcomes for pancreatic cancer surgery.
Conclusion: Going Forward

Finally, we have arrived at the final chapter! We have detailed the elements of leading with uncommon sense—pause, introspect, and act—highlighting the reminders to be humble, be emotional, be “impolite,” and be uncertain. We have suggested ways to avoid the common traps that snag our thinking (Fig. 8.1).
History of the Chichimeca nation: Don Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl’s seventeenth-century chronicle of ancient Mexico

In August of 1538, the viceroy of New Spain, Antonio de Mendoza, received a royal decree from the Spanish Crown to establish what they called policia or “citizenry”. The concept of policia was a ca...