cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Type‐A response regulators are required for proper root apical meristem function through post‐transcriptional regulation of PIN auxin efflux carriers

The phytohormones cytokinin and auxin regulate a diverse array of plant processes, often acting together to modulate growth and development. Although much has been learned with regard to how each of these hormones act individually, we are just beginning to understand how these signals interact to achieve an integrated response. Previous studies indicated that exogenous cytokinin has an effect on the transcription of several PIN efflux carriers. Here we show that disruption of type-A Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs), which are negative regulators of cytokinin signalling, alters the levels of PIN proteins and results in increased sensitivity to N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, an inhibitor of polar auxin transport. Disruption of eight of the 10 type-A ARR genes affects root development by altering the size of the apical meristem. Furthermore, we show that the effect of cytokinin on PIN abundance occurs primarily at the post-transcriptional level. Alterations of PIN levels in the type-A ARR mutants result in changes in the distribution of auxin in root tips as measured by a DR5::GFP reporter, and an altered pattern of cell division and differentiation in the stem cell niche in the root apical meristem. Together, these data indicate that cytokinin, acting through the type-A ARRs, alters the level of several PIN efflux carriers, and thus regulates the distribution of auxin within the root tip.
Defect Structure and Transport Properties of Ni – SrCeO3 − δ Cermet for Hydrogen Separation Membrane

Research on hydrogen separation membranes is motivated by the increasing demand for an environmentally benign, inexpensive technology for separating hydrogen from gas mixtures. Although most studies of hydrogen separation membranes have focused on proton-conducting oxides by themselves, the addition of metal to these oxides increases their hydrogen permeability and improves their mechanical stability. This study began by determining hydrogen permeation properties of SrCe0.8Yb0.2O3-delta (SCYb). The results showed that at the investigated temperatures (600-900 degrees C), the hydrogen permeation rate is limited by electron flow. To further enhance hydrogen permeability, a cermet (i.e., ceramic-metal composite) membrane was made by adding Ni to the SCYb. At 900 degrees C, with 20% H-2/balance He as a feed gas (p(H2O) = 0.03 atm), the hydrogen permeation rate was 0.105 cm(3)/min cm(2) for 0.25-mm-thick Ni/SCYb and 0.008 cm(3)/min cm(2) for SCYb (0.7-mm thick). The dependence of hydrogen permeability on temperature and hydrogen partial-pressure gradients was also determined. The proton conductivity (approximate to ambipolar conductivity) was extracted from the dependence of hydrogen permeability on hydrogen potential gradients. The results demonstrate that adding Ni to SCYb considerably increases its hydrogen permeability by increasing its electron conductivity.
Teaching Scientific Ethics Effectively at Any Level

Review of: Scientific Integrity: Text and Cases in Responsible Conduct of Research , 4 th ed; Francis Macrina; (2014). ASM Press, Washington, DC. 440 pages.
Analysis of fiber microbuckling in thermoplastic composites

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe, in detail, the use of non-linear geometric and non-linear material two-dimensional finite element analysis to model the initiation of fiber micro-buckling in initially straight and wavy columns. The analysis is applied at the micromechanics level. Some wavy fiber results are presented and compared with existing experimental results to illustrate the free-surface effects on fiber microbuckling initiation.
The effect of septal and amygdaloid lesions on the duration of emotionality in the white rat

The duration of the septal syndrome and the reciprocal relationship of the septal and amygdaloid nuclei in their effect on emotional behavior were investigated. Gross lesions were placed in the septal nuclei and amygdaloid complex, minute lesions were placed in the medial and lateral septal nuclei, and the effects on emotional behavior were measured over a period of 12 days by means of a rating scale. The septal lesions increased emotionality, but the amygdaloid lesions did not decrease emotionality. The locus for the rage syndrome was found in the lateral septal nucleus.
Renal nitric oxide synthases in transgenic sickle cell mice

Renal nitric oxide synthases in transgenic sickle cell mice. The α H β s [ β MDD ] mouse is a useful model for studying renal functional abnormalities in sickle cell disease. We previously reported that these mice develop a urine concentrating defect when chronically exposed to a low oxygen environment. In the present study, we measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary excretion of NO 2 + NO 3 , the stable products of nitric oxide (NO), and the abundance of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS III) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS II) in the kidneys by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was also carried out. We found that GFR is significantly higher in the transgenic mice than in controls. The urinary NO 2 + NO 3 /creatinine ratio was also higher. The Western blots revealed that both NOS III and NOS II are markedly increased in the kidneys of transgenic mice as compared to normal control mice. Immunohistochemistry localized NOS III reactivity in proximal convoluted cells in the cortex of control and α H β s [ β MDD ] mice. NOS II immunostaining was not seen in control mice but was clearly evident in glomeruli and distal nephron segments of the α H β s [ β MDD ] mice. These observations suggest that NOS II is induced in glomeruli and distal nephrons of the α H β s [ β MDD ] mice. An increase in synthesis of NO may occur in the glomeruli as a result of NOS II induction, and this may contribute to the hyperfiltration in these mice.
Health risk behavior of youth in foster care.

Problem Adolescent health problems are predominantly caused by risk behavior. Foster adolescents have disproportionately poor health; therefore identification of risk behavior is critical.
A requiem for North American overkill

The argument that human hunters were responsible for the extinction of a wide variety of large Pleistocene mammals emerged in western Europe during the 1860s, alongside the recognition that people had coexisted with those mammals. Today, the overkill position is rejected for western Europe but lives on in Australia and North America. The survival of this hypothesis is due almost entirely to Paul Martin, the architect of the first detailed version of it. In North America, archaeologists and paleontologists whose work focuses on the late Pleistocene routinely reject Martin's position for two prime reasons: there is virtually no evidence that supports it, and there is a remarkably broad set of evidence that strongly suggests that it is wrong. In response, Martin asserts that the overkill model predicts a lack of supporting evidence, thus turning the absence of empirical support into support for his beliefs. We suggest that this feature of the overkill position removes the hypothesis from the realm of science and places it squarely in the realm of faith. One may or may not believe in the overkill position, but one should not confuse it with a scientific hypothesis about the nature of the North American past.
The influence of thermodynamic phase stabilities on the formation of nitride phases of chromium and titanium by dynamic ion beam mixing

Abstract Nitrogen-containing films of chromium and titanium were prepared by evaporation of the metal under simultaneous bombard- ment with highly energetic nitrogen ions. Under identical preparation conditions, i.e. ion energy, ion current density, temperature, evaporation rate, and gas pressure, titanium forms a single phase film of δ-TiN whereas chromium shows phase mixtures of Cr, Cr2N and CrN with a lower nitrogen content than the corresponding titanium film. This different behaviour of Cr compared to Ti is attributed to the differences in chemical reactivity and in thermodynamic stability of the nitrides. The results show that chemical driving forces play a decisive role in ion-beam-assisted film synthesis.
Making “Goop” Out of Lemons: The Permanente Metals Corporation, Magnesium Incendiary Bombs, and the Struggle for Profits during World War II

On May 29, 1945, Charles F. Calhoun, a vice president of the Permanente Metals Corporation (PMC), composed a telegram to his fellow company officers that celebrated a long-awaited triumph. “This is to confirm delivery to Tokyo, May 26th, during high wind, of large Permanente shipment by way Marion, Ohio, and B-29 express,” Calhoun began. “It is reported there was no loss of goods in transit but that considerable damage resulted from cargo being jettisoned within Tokyo city limits.” He could not resist adding, tongue firmly in cheek, “All ... claims of property damage will be forwarded to Permanente claims adjustment department.”
Bring Your Own Containers: Educating an Open Mind

Teaching large enrollment courses provides considerable challenges. Instructors must be prepared with both content knowledge and an understanding of the effective practices to do this effectively.
Nuclear Receptors and Inflammatory Diseases

It is well known that the steroid hormone glucocorticoid and its nuclear receptor regulate the inflammatory process, a crucial component in the pathophysiological process related to human diseases that include atherosclerosis, obesity and type II diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and liver tumors. Growing evidence demonstrates that orphan and adopted orphan nuclear receptors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, liver x receptors, the farnesoid x receptor, NR4As, retinoid x receptors, and the pregnane x receptor, regulate the inflammatory and metabolic profiles in a ligand-dependent or -independent manner in human and animal models. This review summarizes the regulatory roles of these nuclear receptors in the inflammatory process and the underlying mechanisms.
The Importance of Gathering Print and Electronic Journal Use Data: Getting a Clear Picture

A discussion of library literature that focuses on the practice and reasoning behind tracking usage of print and electronic journals will help librarians understand the complexities of use studies. The author examines both qualitative and quantitative studies by academic librarians to compare the usage of electronic versus print journals and the strengths and weaknesses inherent in the methods used. New initiatives, such as Project COUNTER (Counting Online Usage of NeTworked Electronic Resources) to provide librarians with comparable usage data from various vendors, will enable librarians to make more informed journal collection development decisions.
Partial purification and ouabain sensitivity of lubrol-extracted sodium-potassium transport adenosine triphosphatases from brain and cardiac tissues

Abstract Lubrol extracts containing (Na + K)-activated adenosine triphosphatase of specific activity 70–100 μmoles P l /mg of protein/hr were prepared from rat brain microsomal fractions. The enzyme was stable in 0.32 M sucrose containing 1 mM EDTA at pH 6.9 and had properties, regarding optimal concentrations of ATP, Na and K required for maximal activation, similar to those of particulate preparations of the rat brain enzyme. The apparent K m for the enzyme was 5.0 × 10 −4 M and the optimal pH was 6.8. Sucrose density gradient separation further purified the (Na + K)-activated adenosine triphosphatase, but the resulting preparation was not homogeneous, despite high specific activity (400 μmoles P i /mg of protein/hr), and contained at least five protein staining bands on disc gel electrophoresis. Lubrol treatment was effective in extracting the enzyme from cardiac tissue of both rat and guinea pig and appeared to increase the sensitivity of the enzyme to ouabain. Enzymes of cerebral origin from the two species were of equal sensitivity to ouabain. The enzyme extracted by Lubrol treatment from guinea pig heart microsomes was 23 times more sensitive to ouabain than a similar preparation from rat heart.
Late Neogene chronology and sequence stratigraphy of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits of the Cibao Basin, Dominican Republic

A stratigraphic study of late Miocene–Pliocene mixed carbonate and siliciclastic sediment (upper part of the Yaque Group) was conducted in northern Hispaniola to refine the chronostratigraphy of uplifted, nearshore marine sequences in the Cibao Basin. Classic late Neogene sections in these sequences include a spectacularly preserved faunal record for the northern Caribbean. Refined ages of the Cercado Formation (6.6–6.0 Ma), the Gurabo Formation (ca. 5.8–4.0 Ma), and the Mao Formation (3.9–3.5 Ma) allow correlation to regional and global sea-level events. Each of the three formations corresponds to one depositional sequence, composed of mixtures, at different proportions, of skeletal debris, mostly coral, and mud-size (silt) siliciclastic sediment. Distinct stratal geometries and lithofacies individualize the three formations, each separated by pebble conglomerates. The Cercado Formation depositional sequence consists of prograding inner-shelf siliciclastic sands and patch reefs. The basal transgressive unit of the Gurabo Formation is made of seaward-prograding low-angle clinothems of bedded and burrowed siliciclastic sand with molluscs and free-living corals. The upper Gurabo unit consists of massive middle-shelf clinothems of silt with bedded reef debris and in situ branching coral thickets. These clinothems grade basinward into massive, deeper-water silt deposits at the shelf edge and basin slopes. The Mao Formation sequence records the transition from lowstand fluvial-deltaic facies to transgressive and highstand marine clinothems made mostly of coral debris in a silt matrix. In the Mao Formation outcrops, the coral-silt clinothems can be divided into at least 10 high-frequency cycles (40 k.y.?) based on lithofacies. Channelized and slumped coarse siliciclastic sand, gravel, and nonmarine alluvium cap the sequence, likely associated with lowered sea level starting at ca. 3.3 Ma and perhaps the onset of regional uplift. The major lithologic and sequence geometry changes in the Cibao Basin correlate with trends in the oxygen isotope ice-volume proxy and likely reflect deposition responding to major periods of marine transgression and highstand. An especially prominent feature is the major deepening and margin back step near the Miocene–Pliocene boundary, continuing in the early Pliocene, which resulted in the deposition of the Gurabo Formation. Transgression and sea-level highstand in the late–early Pliocene (3.9–3.5 Ma) produced distinctive margin progradation primarily by coral debris. This progradation event was synchronous with progradation in the nearby western Great Bahama Bank. The different stratal configurations of the three sequences can be attributed to a combination of factors, including: (1) shelf morphology and location on the shelf, (2) paleoceanographic conditions such as warm sea-surface temperatures and reduced upwelling, which controlled coral productivity and reef geometry, and (3) the influx of siliciclastic mud from the adjacent mountains.
Enabling technologies for robot assisted ultrasound tomography: System setup and calibration

In this study, we are proposing a robot-assisted ultrasound tomography system that can offer soft tissue tomographic imaging and deeper or faster scan of the anatomy. This system consists of a robot-held ultrasound probe that tracks the position of another freehand probe, trying to align with it. One of the major challenges is achieving proper alignment of the two ultrasound probes. To enable proper alignment, two ultrasound calibrations and one hand-eye calibration are required. However, the system functionality and design is such that the ultrasound calibrations have become a challenge. In this paper, after providing an overview of the proposed robotic ultrasound tomography system, we focus on the calibrations problem. The results of the calibrations show a point reconstruction precision of a few millimeters for the current prototype, and the two images have at least 50% overlap visually; confirming the feasibility of such a system relying on accurate probe alignments.
The Sun's motion perpendicular to the galactic plane

The period and amplitude of the Sun's motion perpendicular to the galactic plane are important parameters in some explanations of the terrestrial mass extinctions and cratering records1–5. Here we have calculated the range of periods and vertical excursions that are consistent with the distributions of tracer stars in the Galaxy and have also evaluated the probable phase jitter in the solar period. We find acceptable half-periods for the vertical oscillation that range from 26 to 37 Myr (including the range of periods that have been inferred from the terrestrial records on mass extinctions and on cratering), maximum heights above the plane from 49 to 93 pc, and an average phase jitter per half-period of the order of 6–9%. The largest uncertainty in all these calculations is caused by the unknown distribution of the unseen mass that must be postulated to explain the distribution of observed stars6–7. For all the models we consider, the most recent passage of the Sun through the galactic plane occurred in the past 3 Myr provided only that the present position of the Sun is between 0 and 20 pc above the plane. We extend the argument of Thaddeus and Chanan8 to show that the apparent periodicity in the mass extinction and cratering records cannot be caused by an population of objects (observed or unobserved) that contributes a major fraction of the total mass density at the solar vicinity.
Thermal Radiation Absorption in Rectangular-Groove Cavities

Radiant energy absorption of a rectangular-groove cavity for both diffuse and specular reflector surfaces
Generalized scans and tridiagonal systems

The classical problem of solving tridiagonal linear systems of equations is reconsidered. An extremely simple factorization of the system's matrix — implied by but not explicit in the known techniques — is identified and shown to belong to a class of transformations termed generalized scans. This class has an associative property which is the key to the complete parallelization of the technique. Due to the very weak constraints upon which it is based, the method extends naturally to arbitrary banded systems.
Semiochemical parsimony between the Madagascar hissing-cockroach mite and its host

Abstract The behavior of conspecific mites (Gromphadorholaelaps schaeferi Till) on the giant Madagascar hissing-cockroach was explored by examining responses towards one another and towards their lipid extracts. Because mites did not display significant attraction or repelling behaviors characteristic of assembly, aggregation, alarm, or sex pheromone production, their occurrence is likely attributed to the behavior-modifying attractive properties of the cockroach's unique musty odor - a kairomone. By definition, this odor is an allomone because mites benefit the cockroach. By studying these mites, insight into this first reported parsimony, along with a newly-discovered allomonal role, is now possible as it pertains to the chemical ecology of the hissing-cockroach.
Otter havens in norfolk & suffolk, England

Abstract The aims and basic principles underlying the establishment of otter havens are set out. Two types are described, one giving maximum protection to both the otter and its habitat (M Areas) and the other less rigid protection in areas where the habitat is not so suitable owing to lack of cover (P Areas). River management is discussed and the conclusion drawn that the establishment of otter havens is likely to be practical and effective only in the upper, privately owned stretches of a river, although public bodies may be encouraged to keep the otter's needs in mind when planning works on the lower, publicly owned and navigable stretches. The successful establishment of havens requires the co-operation of riparian owners, farmers, fishing interests, the Regional Water Authority and Internal Drainage Boards. The procedure adopted by the Otter Trust in succesfully establishing havens on three river systems in East Anglia is described and details given for the Rivers Waveney, Wissey and Thet. The importance of regular monitoring of otter movements before and after the establishment of havens is stressed. It is emphasised that the establishment of otter havens is a long term action with little possibility of quick results. Furthermore the techniques developed are still in the experimental stage and only time and regular monitoring combined with population surveys will show whether they can make a practical contribution towards otter conservation. Freedom from disturbance and plenty of cover are the key factors for a successful haven.
Molecular dynamic calculations of glass structure and diffusion in glass

Abstract During the past few years several studies have been made of the structure of network forming glasses using the method of molecular dynamics (MD). In general, the MD structures closely resemble the random network structures first proposed by Zachariasen. For example, silica glass has a cage-like structure resembling a randomly distorted high-cristobalite. In simulated sodium silicate glasses, Na ions create non-bridging oxygen atoms and occupy interstitial sites with no well-defined coordination but a most probable coordination number of five. Vitreous B 2 O 3 contains planar regular triangles linked at apices to form a random network of ribbons and sheets. The MD structure of vitreous B 2 O 3 does not contain boroxyl rings. In sodium borosilicate glasses the trigonal to tetrahedral conversion of boron with the addition of sodium was observed to agree with the NMR results. In sodium alumino-silicate glass simulations, aluminum prefers four coordination, regardless of the concentration of Na 2 O. The mechanism is discussed. The MD structure can be used to interpret many physical properties. All of the simulated glasses undergo a kinetic glass transition as they are cooled. Glass formation occurs when the system reaches a temperature at which the network forming cations and anions cease to diffuse on the time scale of the MD runs. This occurs at temperatures corresponding to viscosities of 1 P or less diffusion constants of around 10 −5 cm 2 /s. Hence, the MD glasses have very high fictive temperatures. Sodium and other alkali ions, however, can be observed to diffuse at much lower temperatures. “Experiments” can be performed on the computer simulated network glasses and liquids.
Multiple molecular forms of human pancreas alanine aminopeptidase.

Abstract Human pancreas is the source of an alanine aminopeptidase (HPAA) that is unique to pancreas and is readily distinguishable from the liver, kidney, and duodenal alanine aminopeptidases. Each of these three aminopeptidases appears in small quantities in blood and therefore may constitute tissue/organ specific marker enzymes. In this study alanine aminopeptidase from pancreas has been purified. Pancreas alanine aminopeptidase was resolved upon purification with ion exchange chromatography into three isoenzymes. Gel filtration chromatography of these isoenzymes indicates that their molecular weights are near 235 000 daltons. The isoenzymes contain a firmly bound divalent cation that could be removed with EDTA only at temperatures above 40°C (at which the enzymes were stable) and below 52°C (at which thermal denaturation begins to take place). Treatment with EDTA at 4°C yields fully active enzymes, which, however may be stimulated approximately 200% by the addition of Co 2+ at 10 −4 mol/1. This cobalt stimulation is easily reversed by dialysis of the stimulated isoenzymes against deionized water. The pancreas alanine aminopeptidases were not inhibited by tosyl-phenylalanine chloromethylketone or by tosylleucine chloromethylketone, whereas phenylalanine chloromethylketone was inhibitory. The K m values for methionyl-, arginyl-, leucyl-, alanyl-, and isoleucylβ-naphthylamide for each isoenzyme are statistically identical and the average values are 0.36, 0.60, 0.69, 1.25, and 1.29 × 10 −4 mol/1, respectively. The k cat values are 2.50, 1.58, 0.82, 0.38, and 0.19 × 10 4 sec −1 , respectively.
Decentralized trajectory tracking with collision avoidance control for teams of unmanned vehicles with constant speed

In this paper, we present a decentralized trajectory tracking control with collision avoidance for an arbitrarily large group of heterogeneous, nonholonomic vehicles. We consider vehicles with different constant speeds and bounded turning rates (e.g., airplanes), for which their avoidance maneuverability is limited. The proposed controller is divided in two parts: an auxiliary system and a local heading control. The auxiliary system is in charge of guiding the vehicle toward the desired trajectory while guaranteeing collision avoidance with other agents at all times. The local heading control is designed such that the vehicle remains continuously within a bounded, short distance of the auxiliary system. To enforce the convergence of the vehicles to a proximity of their desired trajectories and avoid deadlocks (a common issue within most decentralized navigation methods), an alternative discontinuous control strategy is presented. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed control strategy.
Moore’s Truths About Causation and Responsibility: A Reply to Alexander and Ferzan

In this response to the review of Moore, Causation and Responsibility, by Larry Alexander and Kimberly Ferzan, previously published in this journal, two issues are discussed. The first is whether causation, counterfactual dependence, moral blame, and culpability, are all scalar properties or relations, that is, matters of more-or-less rather than either-or. The second issue discussed is whether deontological moral obligation is best described as a prohibition against using another as a means, or rather, as a prohibition on an agent strongly causing a prohibited result that was not about to happen anyway while intending to do so.
Modeling and Control of a Morphing Airfoil

This paper presents aeroelastic modelling and robust control design for a morphing airfoil concept. A finite dimensional linear time invariant aeroelastic model is developed for a multi-input multi-output morphing airfoil structure. The shape of the airfoil (NACA airfoil series 2415) is controlled by actuators distributed along the top airfoil surface that produce vertical deflections of the top surface at several locations. This results in an airfoil shape change (i.e., “morphing” of the wing), which causes changes in the aerodynamic loading on the wing. The objective is to control the deformation of the airfoil in realtime so as to achieve the desirable aerodynamic forces on the wing. The structural model is developed using the finite element approach. A finite element toolbox in Matlab, namely FEMLAB, is used to obtain eigenfrequencies and mode shapes. A finite dimensional dynamic model of the structure is obtained by the assumed modes method. A static aerodynamic model is developed with a vortex lattice method and coupled with the structural dynamic model to yield a linear aeroelastic model of the morphing wing. A robust LQG design is presented for tracking the commanded lift and roll moment. Some parametric studies are also presented for the choice of different materials. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the viability of the proposed modelling and control methodology for morphing wing concept.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Novedades en el tratamiento de la bronquiolitis: perspectivas en el 2013

Las infecciones del tracto respiratorio inferior representanactualmente la causa mas frecuente de mortalidad infan-til. Aunque tradicionalmente la OMS y otras organizacionesinternacionales han centrado sus esfuerzos en el trata-miento y manejo de las infecciones bacterianas, estudiosrecientes han demostrado que las infecciones virales ---enespecial la bronquiolitis--- causan una morbimortalidad con-siderable. El virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) es la causa masfrecuente de bronquiolitis en la infancia, y es el responsa-ble de hasta un 70% de casos en lactantes con bronquiolitisgrave que requieren hospitalizacion, aunque otros virus res-piratorios como el rinovirus, metaneumovirus humano, o elvirus parainﬂuenza 3 originan cuadros clinicos similares. Unestudio reciente estima que el VRS es responsable de entre2,8 y 4,3 millones de hospitalizaciones a nivel mundial y deentre 66.000 y 199.000 fallecimientos cada a˜no, la mayoriaen paises en desarrollo
Keynes's trade cycle: a system dynamics model

One of the core premises of post Keynesianism is that a proper understanding of the macroeconomy demands a dynamic analysis set in historical time. The default tool of mainstream economics, the general equilibrium framework, cannot possibly capture such a world. The goal of this paper is to suggest an alternative that allows for path-dependent, holistic analysis: system dynamics. Developed in the 1950s by Massachusetts Institute of Technology engineer Jay Forrester, not only does the worldview it embraces share much with that of post Keynesians, but there are many resources from which to draw including a wide literature, ready-made software, and numerous how-to guides. The paper provides an introduction to system dynamics and builds a model of Keynes's trade cycle theory.
The status of prostate cancer early detection.

Prostate cancer represents an increasing public health burden that may be controlled by early detection interventions. Several studies using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and digital rectal examination (DRE) in men without known prostate disease have been reported. Recent studies are reviewed, and recent preliminary results of the American Cancer Society-National Prostate Cancer Detection Project (ACS-NPCDP) are presented. Results show that the rate of early prostate cancer detection can be increased by coordinated use of TRUS, PSA, and DRE. The ACS-NPCDP data indicate that the positive predictive value of recommendations to biopsy is improved when based on a combination of studies
Relationships between Commonly Employed Strength Measures

27 male college students were tested on two measures each of static, abdominal, and dynamic strength. The correlations for each pair of measures were .97, .92, and .79. The magnitude of these coefficients was attributed to nonspecific factors present during the initial stages of skill acquisition.
Current Practices and Philosophy on Electronic Reserves, Course Management Systems, and Copyright Compliance: A Survey of the Council of Public Liberal Arts Colleges Libraries

ABSTRACT The investigator surveyed The Council of Public Liberal Art Colleges∗ libraries to: (1) determine current practices, compliance, and philosophy on copyright guidelines; (2) determine whether or not a relationship exists between electronic reserves and course management systems; and (3) determine whether the institutions perform oversight of copyright practices when utilizing course management systems.
Fabrication and properties of nano-Si quantum dot flash memory

We proposed a novel integration processes including multilayer CVD poly-Si deposition and post-annealing and thermal oxidation processes for nano-Si quantum dot flash memory devices have been fabricated. With increasing tunneling oxide thickness, the operation voltage increases, but retention properties are improved. With increasing nono-Si particle sizes and layer thickness the memory window increases from 6V to 12V. After programming to "on" or "off" states, the drain current read at 1V is about 5 times 10-4 A and 5 times 10-12 A respectively. The ratio of "on" current to "off" current is about 8 orders. The nano-Si quantum dot memory devices show very good properties
Posterior shoulder dislocations.

#### The bottom line After being tackled earlier that day, a 33 year old rugby player presented to a walk in clinic with diffuse left shoulder pain, limited abduction, and arm held in slight internal rotation, with a flexed, adducted, and internally rotated position (fig 1⇓). He was discharged and diagnosed as having a spontaneously reduced anterior shoulder dislocation after an anterioposterior view of the shoulder was read as normal (fig 2⇓). Fig 1 Diagram of mechanism of posterior dislocation: arm flexed and adducted, with internal rotation at the shoulder Fig 2 Pre-reduction anterioposterior radiograph of left posterior dislocation. The humeral head (H) appears to be concentrically located about the glenoid (G) and beneath the acromion (A). Slight internal rotation is present when appreciating the greater and lesser tuberosities. No fracture is seen. C=coracoid process, CL=clavicle, S=scapula One week later he presented to the emergency department with continued symptoms and crepitus in his shoulder with attempted movement. A posterior shoulder dislocation was diagnosed when an orthogonal view (axillary) of the shoulder was taken (fig 3⇓). After conscious …
Development and performance characterization of an electric ground vehicle with independently actuated in-wheel motors

Abstract This paper presents the development and experimental characterizations of a prototyping pure electric ground vehicle, which is equipped with four independently actuated in-wheel motors (FIAIWM) and is powered by a 72 V 200 Ah LiFeYPO4 battery pack. Such an electric ground vehicle (EGV) employs four in-wheel (or hub) motors to independently drive/brake the four wheels and is one of the promising vehicle architectures primarily due to its actuation flexibility, energy efficiency, and performance potentials. Experimental data obtained from the EGV chassis dynamometer tests were employed to generate the in-wheel motor torque response and power efficiency maps in both driving and regenerative braking modes. A torque distribution method is proposed to show the potentials of optimizing the FIAIWM EGV operational energy efficiency by utilizing the actuation flexibility and the characterized in-wheel motor efficiency and torque response.
Seasonal and tissue variation in taxane concentrations of Taxus brevifolia

Analysis of seven taxanes: taxol, baccatin III, 10-deacetyltaxol, 10-deacetylbaccatin III, 7-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol, cephalomannine and brevifoliol in extracts from bark and foliage of pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) showed a gradient of decreasing concentration from stem base to branch tip. This decrease is attributed to the generally higher concentration of taxanes in the phloem tissue and the decrease in inner bark thickness from base to branch tip. Analysis of taxanes extracted from stem bark and needles sampled over a growing season showed that most taxane concentrations were significantly lower in the needles than in the bark. Typically, taxane concentrations in bark increased from May through August; whereas, in needles, concentrations changed little during that period. Two exceptions were baccatin III, which in the summer reached levels equivalent to bark, and brevifoliol which increased from March to August, reaching levels in needles nine times greater than bark.
Integrating Static and Dynamics Surveillance Data to Characterize Naturally Fractured Reservoir: A Case study of Baka Oil Field

Waterflooding of Baka Oil Field is dominated by natural fractures. Based on core and outcrop observation and fracture identification from logging, the static geological model of fracture distribution has been set up by studying fracture geometry and basic characteristics (orientation, aperture, extent, density, porosity and permeability). The fracture mineralization features and the factors that determine the occurrence of fractures were also studied, which include the degree of folding and/or faulting, in-situ stresses, rock properties and bedding thickness, etc. Due to small borehole-scale and difficulties to map some factors which determine open and permeable fractures, the static model may not be representative of the large-scale fracture network which will determine reservoir performance, thus dynamics production data are integrated to get a good understanding to fracture's influence. The productivity index of per meter reservoir (J o , ton/m.MPa.m) is used to characterize natural fractures, For production well, Jo is calculated from dynamic surveillance data directly. But for every injection well, the injectivity index of per meter reservoir (J w ) is estimated from injection data firstly, then Jo is calculated from the J o /J w ratio, this ratio is estimated from several actual wells which were switched from production to injection. In order to make the ratio J o /J w convincing, further discussion that involve Krw (Sor) / Kro (Swi) was made. Finally geostatistical method was used to distribute the productivity index. The dynamic index map matches the permeability of several wells estimated from well testing very well, and a good explanation about breakthroughs is derived, but some differences from static model still exist.
Falls in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury

Mail survey of participants with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). To describe the incidence, circumstances, consequences, and perceived contributory factors associated with falls among ambulatory individuals with incomplete SCI. Southeast region of the United States. A survey instrument was developed largely from existing measures and mailed to individuals with incomplete SCI to collect self-reported information on participant characteristics and fall-related variables. Seventy-five percent of study participants sustained at least one fall over the previous year. Even though most injuries were minor, 18% of fallers sustained a fracture and 45% reported reduced ability to get out into the community and engage in productive activity. Factors perceived to contribute to falls most often were decreased strength in the trunk and lower extremities, loss of balance, and hazards in the environment. Falls occur frequently and often have significant consequences among ambulatory individuals with SCI. These data may assist rehabilitation professionals to identify those at risk and implement fall prevention strategies. This project was supported by a grant from the South Carolina Spinal Cord Injury Research Fund Grant # 0703.
Effects of Soil Temperature on Growth and Root Function in Rice

AbstractThe objective of this study was to clarify the effects of soil temperature in the stage from late tillering to panicle initiation (SI) and during the grain-filling stage (SII) on grain setting, dry matter production, photosynthesis, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC), xylem exudation and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari). Rice plants were exposed to four different soil temperatures during SI or SII: 17.5, 25, 31.5 and 36.5°C (ST18, ST25, ST32 and ST37, respectively). The yield, yield components, grain filling and quality in SI were negatively influenced by high soil temperature of 37°C. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in those characters among temperature treatments in SII. The root/shoot ratio was smallest in the ST37 plants in both SI and SII, mainly due to their lighter root weight. At 7 days after initiation of treatment (DAT) in both SI and SII, the photosynthetic and xylem exudation rate tended to increase slightly as soil temperature ...
Angioplasty and stent placement in chronic occlusion of the superficial femoral artery: technique and results.

PURPOSE To improve the patency rate for angioplasty in chronic occlusion of the superficial femoral artery by deploying stents after angioplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS Angioplasty and stent placement were performed in 61 arteries in 48 male patients. The mean occlusion length was 13.5 cm and the mean stent length was 30 cm. Patency rates were analyzed at 6 months and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years. The predictors of restenosis were analyzed by univariate and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Patency rates were 87% at 6 months, consisting of 74% primary, 6% primary assisted, and 7% secondary; 79% at 1 year, consisting of 47% primary, 19% primary assisted, and 13% secondary; 72% at 2 years, consisting of 36% primary, 26% primary assisted, and 10% secondary; 70% at 3 years, consisting of 26% primary, 22% primary assisted, and 22% secondary; and 63% at 4 years, consisting of 25% primary, 0% primary assisted, and 38% secondary. There was a 15% morbidity rate and one mortality as a result of retroperitoneal bleeding. Better patency rates were noted at all time intervals in diabetic limbs, 7-mm-diameter versus 10-mm-diameter stents, shorter obstructions and shorter stents, nonsmokers, in limbs in which urokinase was not necessary after stent deployment, and in limbs with an International Society of Cardiovascular Surgery (ISCVS) classification under 3. Patency rates were not affected by age, race, number of trifurcation vessels patent, experience in performing the procedures, and procedures requiring less time. By multivariate logistic analysis, the independent predictors of patency at 6 months were postprocedure ankle/brachial index (ABI) and shorter stent length; at 1 year, preprocedure ABI, shorter stent length, and the presence of diabetes; at 2 years, pre- procedure ABI and the presence of diabetes; and at 3 years, the preprocedure ABI. CONCLUSIONS The techniques used to reestablish antegrade flow in these superficial femoral arteries yielded a high success rate. In addition, the use of angioplasty with stents may improve patency rates over angioplasty without stents.
Substituted tetralin formation from o-palladated Schiff bases and two equivalents of methyl acrylate

Abstract ortho -Palladated complexes of N -phenylbenzaldimine and N -phenyl- p -anisaldiimine reacted at 150°C with methyl acrylate by undergoing two successive methyl acrylate insertions followed by a cyclization to form tetralin derivatives in ca. 10% yield. The structure of the product from the N -phenylbenzaldimine complex was established by X-ray crystallography. The reactions appear to involve vinylic palladation as an intermediate step.
A Practice Model to Protect the Ethnic Identity of International Adoptees.

ABSTRACT Children who are adopted internationally are at risk for losing their ethnic heritage, and social workers in the field have a vital role to play in minimizing this risk. By applying social identity theory to the case of international adoptees' ethnic identity formation, it follows that a positive ethnic identity is best facilitated by exposure to information and experiences that communicate the inherent value of the child's ethnic group. Research indicates that adoptive parents are able to contribute to the internationally adopted child's cultural socialization. However, the research on the prevalence of such practice by parents is mixed, and it appears that some agencies do a better job than others of encouraging this parental practice. The article offers a theoretically based practice model for producing culturally astute parents who possess the skills, motivation, and resources to facilitate the development of the ethnic identity of their internationally adopted children.
Enantiomer separation of polychlorinated biphenyl atropisomers and polychlorinated biphenyl retention behavior on modified cyclodextrin capillary gas chromatography columns

Seven commercially-available chiral capillary gas chromatography columns containing modified cyclodextrins were evaluated for their ability to separate enantiomers of the 19 stable chiral polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) atropisomers, and for their ability to separate these enantiomers from achiral congeners, necessary for trace environmental analysis of chiral PCBs. The enantiomers of each of the 19 chiral PCBs were at least partially separated on one or more of these columns. Enantiomeric ratios of eleven atropisomers could also be quantified on six columns as they did not coelute with any other congener containing the same number of chlorine atoms, so could be quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analysis of a lake sediment heavily contaminated with PCBs showed enantioselective occurrence of PCB 91, proof positive of enantioselective in situ reductive dechlorination at the sampling site.
Natural-convection on a finite-size horizontal plate

Two dimensional natural convection boundary layer on finite isothermal horizontal plate, examining upward facing cold plate and downward facing hot plate
Artificial sediments for use in tests with wetland plants

Abstract Artificial sediments are described for use in studies on rooted marsh plants. The sediments, which are similar in particle size distribution to natural sediments, are formulated from commercially available sand, silt, clay and organic matter. Average survival rates of seedlings of Echinochloa crusgalli var. crusgalli, Scirpus paludosus and Spartina alterniflora were 93.4, 90.4 and 89.4%, respectively. Average seedling weight of each species was unaffected by percentage sand, silt, clay, organic matter, pH or CEC except for S. paludosus , which required organic matter in the sediment for maximal growth and whose growth was affected by the relationship between particle size and percentage sand.
Contributions of nitric oxide, EDHF, and EETs to endothelium-dependent relaxation in renal afferent arterioles.

Contributions of nitric oxide, EDHF, and EETs to endothelium-dependent relaxation in renal afferent arterioles. Background Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in the renal afferent arteriole has been ascribed to nitric oxide, but the role of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs) and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET) are unclear. Methods Single afferent arterioles were dissected from kidney of normal rabbits and microperfused in vitro at 60 mm Hg. Vessels were preconstricted submaximally with norepinephrine (10 −8 mol/L). Relaxation was assessed following cumulative addition of ACh (10 −9 to 10 −4 mol/L) alone, or in the presence of indomethacin (to inhibit cyclooxygenase), N w -nitro-l-arginine (L-NNA) (to inhibit nitric oxide synthase), methylene blue (to inhibit soluble guanylate cyclase), or a combination of L-NNA + methylene blue. To assess contributions by EDHF, studies were repeated with either apamin + charybdotoxin [to block Ca 2+ -activated K + channels (K Ca )] or with 40 mmol/L KCl. To asses the role of 14,15-EET, relaxations were evaluated in the presence of its competitive inhibitor 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5( Z )-enoic acid (14,15-EEZE). Results Relaxation by acetylcholine was abolished following endothelial denudation. It was unaffected by indomethacin but was inhibited 54%± 5% ( P Conclusion Acetylcholine-induced afferent arteriolar relaxation depends strongly on both nitric oxice, acting via soluble guanylate cyclase, and on an EDHF, likely 14,15-EET, acting via K Ca .
The effects of culture on decision making

Abstract This paper reports on research that explored the impact of culture on decision making. Using Jungian concepts, culture was defined as developing understanding that is derived from analytic, consultative, inspirational (charismatic), and speculative inferences. To determine the impact of culture, 108 managers from utilities, 55 from nursing homes, and 52 from hospitals rated eight project scenarios with each of the four cultures crossed with high and low performance uncertainty. Each set of eight projects described capacity expansions for a capital plan, keyed to each industry. Culture was found to be the dominant explanatory variable. In utilities and hospitals analytical cultures were preferred and consultative cultures were treated as poor prospects for investment. Nursing home managers preferred consultative culture, but become indifferent when uncertainty increased, suggesting that uncertainty made a consultative culture seem less viable. This preference for analysis is dramatically different from the manager's personal views in which analysis is viewed as risky and consultation is preferred to cope with risk. The implications of these findings are discussed.