cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deep Model Predictive Control with Stability Guarantees

This paper presents a deep learning based model predictive control algorithm for control affine nonlinear discrete time systems with matched and bounded state dependent uncertainties of unknown structure. Since the structure of uncertainties is not known, a deep learning based adaptive mechanism is utilized to mitigate disturbances. In order to avoid any unwanted behavior during the learning phase, a tube based model predictive controller is employed, which ensures satisfaction of constraints and input-to-state stability of the closed-loop states. In addition, the proposed approach guarantees the convergence of states to origin under certain verifiable conditions. To ensure stability and undesirable learning transients, a dual-timescale adaptation mechanism is proposed, where the weights of the last layer of the neural network are updated each time instant while the inner layers are trained on a slower timescale using training data collected online and selectively stored in a buffer on the basis of singular value maximization criterion. Our results are validated through numerical experiments on wing-rock dynamics. These results indicate that the proposed deep-MPC architecture is effective in learning to control safety critical systems without suffering instability drawbacks.
New heterocycles via an intriguing visible-light-promoted 5-endo-dig cyclization

In a recent issue of Cell Reports Physical Science, Ye et al. presents a visible-light-promoted cascade involving full cleavage of a triple bond. Two heterocyclic cores, 2-hydroxy-3-indolinones and benzoxazinones, are selectively formed in good yields. Interestingly, these novel transformations appear to involve a sequence of two unusual radical endo-cyclizations.
Establishing Content Validity of a Student Pharmacist Patient Counseling Competency Assessment in Oncology.

Objective. The main goal of this project was to establish content validity and describe internal consistency of a patient counseling competency assessment instrument used to evaluate student pharmacists practicing in an oncology setting.Methods A modified e-Delphi panel of oncology clinical pharmacy specialists, clinical pharmacy generalists, and oncology pharmacy residents was employed. Iterative rounds of the e-Delphi process were conducted until consensus was reached on a majority of the instrument items. Consensus was defined as agreement by at least 75% of participants that an item was, or was not important. Internal consistency of defined sections of the instrument was determined using Cronbach alpha.Results The modified e-Delphi process included three rounds of responses from 13 panelists and resulted in a 35-item instrument with consensus reached on 33/35 (94%) of the items, and a Cronbach alpha of 0.95. All participants indicated that the assessment result options allowed them to indicate the student's level of competency either extremely well or very well.Conclusion A modified e-Delphi method used to validate a reliable instrument for the assessment of student pharmacist counseling abilities in the oncology setting. Similar methodology should be considered during the development of student assessment tools, especially for high impact student pharmacist activities such as chemotherapeutic medication counseling.
Nontraditional security and China's transnational narcotics control in northern Laos and Myanmar

Abstract Regarding illicit drugs as a nontraditional security challenge (NTS), the Chinese state deploys a policy package combining coercive crackdown and development assistance to start transnational narcotics control in the Golden Triangle—the notorious illicit opium-producing area between Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand. This paper examines how illicit drugs are framed as a security challenge and how the state works with other forces to implement transnational narcotics control. Specifically, I focus on the Chinese state's efforts to implement transnational narcotics control in the notorious illicit opium-producing areas in northern Laos and Myanmar. My analysis draws first on the Copenhagen School's work on securitization, that is, how certain discourses are deployed to dramatize and present an issue as a security challenge requiring supreme priority. Then I situate drug trafficking in the tension between the territorial logic of national sovereignty and the transnational logic of NTS challenges in order to analyze the Chinese state's policy of narcotics control in the Golden Triangle. Through this analysis, I seek to underscore the longstanding but underdeveloped theoretical recognition of illicit drugs as a global commodity and an NTS challenge. The nexus of territorial sovereignty and extraterritorial subsystems spells out a new direction to understand NTS challenges in general and illicit drugs in particular.
The Breakdown of Hierarchies in the Soviet Union and China: A Neoinstitutional Perspective

Why did modest attempts to decentralize the centrally administered Soviet system lead to its collapse, while more far-reaching decentralization in China left central political and administrative hierarchies intact? This article analyzes the disintegration of centrally planned organizations in the context of a neoinstitutional model of the breakdown of authority within hierarchies. An agency model of hierarchy is presented that incorporates the ambiguous property rights, authority relations, and risk-sharing conditions that prevailed under central planning and then persist during postcommunist transitions. This model suggests that decentralizing reforms could trigger an organizational "bank run," prompting local agents to seize organizational assets under their control. The article also considers reputation-preserving strategies that central authorities might use to avert disintegration. As an application of this model, the collapse of Soviet political, industrial, and state fiscal hierarchies are considered and compared with the experience of analogous sectors in China. Reforms in both states transferred significant autonomy from the center to local field agents. In the Soviet case these agents appropriated organizational assets with little interference from the center. In China, by contrast, the center preserved both its capacity for monitoring and its reputation for disciplining transgressions; and the rise of hybrid ownership forms made expropriation of state and Party assets far less attractive.
A Pilot Study About the Needs of Older Gays and Lesbians: What Social Workers Need to Know

Abstract In a pilot study, a population of gay and lesbian elders were surveyed to determine what types of long term plans they have made in preparation for their old age, what types of information they feel service providers need to know to better meet their long-term needs, and what is their perception of aging. The results of this pilot study demonstrated that almost three-fourths of the total sample have started to make plans for growing old. The respondents reported that social workers needed to be more knowledgeable about gay lifestyles and the importance of their partners. It was also found that the views of aging became more positive as the gay and lesbian individuals grow older.
Dental implications of brain abscess in children with congenital heart disease: Case report and review of the literature

There is a high morbidity and mortality associated with brain abscesses in children with congenital cyanotic heart disease. A case is reported here which implicated an endodontically treated primary molar in the etiology of a brain abscess in a boy with congenital cyanotic heart disease.
Effects of Methionine Deficiency and Ethanol Ingestion on Acetaminophen Metabolism in Mice

The interaction of the effect of dietary methionine on the availability of hepatic glutathione (GSH) and the effect of chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption on the activity of the hepatic oxidation system was studied in relation to acetaminophen (ACAP) metabolism in mice. Adult male Swiss-Webster mice were pair-fed for 4 wk an EtOH-containing liquid diet that provided 50 or 100% of the methionine requirement in a 2 X 2 factorial design. Hepatic microsomal protein, relative liver weight and microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity were higher in EtOH-fed groups than in non-EtOH-fed groups. After an ACAP dose of 300 mg/kg body wt i.p., serum inorganic sulfate, endogenous hepatic methionine and GSH concentrations were lower, whereas uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase activity was not changed compared to controls. GSH levels were lowered to a greater extent in the methionine-deficient groups than in methionine-sufficient groups. Incorporation of [35S]methionine into hepatic proteins was lower in all treatment groups after ACAP administration than in controls. The distribution of ACAP into the urinary sulfate conjugates was lower in methionine-deficient than in methionine-sufficient groups, and the percentage of sulfate and mercapturic acid conjugates formed as determined by high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis was higher in mice fed EtOH than in controls. Methionine deficiency compromises the normal pathways of ACAP disposition in the mouse, and chronic EtOH ingestion may potentiate this effect by increasing the amount of activated ACAP formed.
Infrared Space Astronomy—An Overview

During the last 12 years infrared astronomy has grown from its infancy, when only the bright near-by planets could be studied, to a level of maturity permitting extensive observation dealing with some of the most important unsolved problems of modern astrophysics. This rapid growth to young adulthood was made possible by combining advances in instrumentation, such as the development of helium cooled detectors, low background telescopes and multiplex spectrometers, with high altitude and space platforms, such as jet aircraft, balloons and rockets. At this meeting we have the exciting opportunity to discuss major programs of the future such as IRAS (the joint Dutch—U.K.—U.S.A. infrared satellite project) and the equally exciting prospect of reviewing current progress in a large number of on going projects. Thus we should be able to see where the field stands now and where it is headed.
The Clean Air Act of 1970 and Adult Mortality

Previous research has established an association between air pollution and adult mortality. However, studies utilizing short-term fluctuations in pollution may detect mortality changes among the already ill or dying, while prospective cohort studies, which utilize geographic differences in long-run pollution levels, may suffer from severe omitted variables bias. This study utilizes the long-run reduction in total suspended particulates (TSPs) pollution induced by the Clean Air Act of 1970, which mandated aggressive regulation of local polluters in heavily polluted counties. We find that regulatory status is associated with large reductions in TSPs pollution but has little association with reductions in either adult or elderly mortality. These findings are interpreted with caution due to several caveats.
The Economics of the Business Firm: Seven Critical Commentaries

Preface First Commentary. The firm in theory: its definition and existence Second Commentary. Agency and non-agency explanations of the firm's organization Third Commentary. Enterprise control, wealth, and economic development Fourth Commentary. Profit maximization and rational behavior Fifth Commentary. The use and abuse of accounting profit data Sixth Commentary. Management compensation and tournament theory Seventh commentary. The intensity and dimensionality of competition References.
Colon Carcinoma in Pregnancy: A Case Report

A case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon presenting in pregnancy is described. The initial complaint was of right upper quadrant pain with elevated liver enzymes.
Modelling and Stability Analysis of A Recumbent Bicycle with Oscillating Leg Masses (P131)

It has been observed in the testing of a recumbent bicycle with a very low centre of gravity that the pedalling cadence can affect the rider’s ability to control the vehicle. To understand the relationship between cadence and bicycle stability, a multibody dynamic model is created. This model has nine massive rigid bodies: the bicycle frame with fixed rider torso (with head & and arms), the front fork with handlebars, the front wheel, the rear wheel, the left thigh, the right thigh, the left shank with foot, the right shank with foot, and the cranks. Nonlinear equations of motion are compiled in Autolev, a symbolic calculator using Kane’s method for multibody dynamics (Autolev, 2005). A simulation of the bicycle slowly accelerating from its starting speed (5 m/s) to its target speed (35 m/s) is run iteratively over several gear ratios. A steering controller is implemented to stabilize the bike outside its stable stable speed range. The simulation displays the lean and steer angles as well as steering control torque. Lean angle and control torque increase significantly with cadence, and steer angle increases slightly with cadence. This relationship is used to create a shifting strategy to reduce the control effort needed by the pilot during top top-speed speed-record attempts.
Birth Legacies: The Influence of State Emergence on State Behavior

International Relations (IR) researchers study the interactions of states in the international system. Excluded from almost all such analyses is consideration of how those interacting states became members of the international system. Their existence is simply assumed. State Making (SM) researchers, in contrast, focus on the formation experiences of states and other autonomous political entities trying to become states. SM scholars anticipate that an entity’s formation will influence subsequent experiences. In this paper I use SM insights to investigate whether IR behaviors of states are influenced by how they came into existence. I describe a measure of “birth legacy,” which I then show influences war participation and outcomes, national growth and development, and state failure. While the measures and analyses offer a crude first-cut at combining IR and SM research, the paper concludes with discussion of the implications such combinations for future studies of state interactions in the international system.
All-Inside Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: GraftLink Technique

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries account for nearly 20% of knee ligament injuries. PCL injuries can occur in isolation or, more commonly, in the setting of multiligamentous knee injuries. Isolated PCL disruptions are commonly treated nonoperatively; however, symptomatic grade III injuries, as well as PCL injuries found in multiligamentous injuries, are frequently treated surgically. Several reconstructive techniques exist for the treatment of PCL deficiency without a clear optimal approach. We describe our preferred operative technique to reconstruct the PCL using an all-inside arthroscopic approach with a quadrupled tibialis anterior or peroneus longus allograft with both tibial and femoral suspensory fixation.
Fusion of the Family Glenodiniaceae into the Peridiniaceae, with Notes on Glenodinium foliaceum Stein.*†

SYNOPSIS. The family Glenodiniaceae is abolished because advances in axenic culture and microscopy invalidate its original description. Its 3 genera are removed to the Peridiniaceae. Taxonomic criteria of families and genera concerned are discussed, and morphological studies of Glenodinium foliaceum under phase-contrast and polarization microscopy are reported and illustrated by photomicrographs. Evidence for G. foliaceum being a species intermediate between freshwater and marine dinoflagellates came from morphological and physiological studies. G. foliaceum responded to both inorganic and organic PO4 and NO3 sources. NH4 was toxic. Urea toxicity was due to breakdown of urea on autoclaving. Methionine was not utilized. Proline was toxic. B12 was essential. G. foliaceum culture characteristics and polysaccharide production are reported.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of Nager acrofacial dysostosis with unilateral upper limb involvement.

Nager acrofacial dysostosis is a rare form of acrofacial dysostosis first described by Nager and de Reynier, 1948. It is characterized by mandibulofacial dysostosis and limb anomalies. Typical craniofacial findings include down-slanting palpebral fissures, malar hypoplasia, micrognathia, abnormalities of the palate including high-arched hard palate, cleft palate or bifid uvula, small, low-set and posteriorly rotated ears, and abnormalities of the external and middle ear. Limb malformations associated with Nager acrofacial dysostosis most often involve the radial aspect of the upper limbs and may result in thumb hypoplasia or aplasia and/or aplasia/hypoplasia of the radius. Findings in a single affected individual are often not symmetrical but both upper limbs are usually involved. Severity can range from mild hypoplasia of the thumb to phocomelia. Radio-ulnar synostosis and abnormalities of the lower limbs have also been reported. Intelligence is typically normal. Congenital bilateral conductive hearing loss, speech difficulties and upper airway obstruction are common secondary to otologic and oral/mandibular abnormalities. A review of reported cases indicates wide variability in manifestations and severity of craniofacial and limb findings (Halal et al., 1983; Hall, 1989; Le Merrer et al., 1989; Danziger et al., 1990; Aylsworth et al., 1991). Cases of Nager acrofacial dysostosis are most often sporadic; however, several cases of autosomal dominant inheritance have been reported (Hall, 1989; Aylsworth et al., 1991). There are also reports of recurrence in children of unaffected parents, suggesting either autosomal recessive inheritance, possible germ line or somatic mosaicism, and, therefore, genetic heterogeneity (Chemke et al., 1988). Diagnosis depends on recognition of the phenotype, most often without a family history. A 23-year-old G2P0010 female presented for second trimester ultrasound at 20 weeks gestation based
A prefilter for mitigating PH3 contamination of a Ni-YSZ anode

Abstract Ni-YSZ is used as the anode of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) because it has excellent electrochemical performance for operation with coal-derived syngas. However, trace impurities, PH3 H2S AsH3, and Sb in coal-syngas can cause SOFC degradation. Described here is a means of removing PH3 impurity from syngas by using a Ni-based prefilter. In one test, a thin Ni-based filter was set upstream of a Ni-YSZ anode-supported SOFC. The SOFC was exposed to syngas with PH3 under a constant current load at 800 °C. The filter decreased 20 ppm PH3 in the feed to a level which did not degrade the SOFC for over 400 h until the filter became saturated. In another test, both H2S and PH3 were co-fed to the cell with Ni-based and Fe/Ni-based filters. The interaction between these two impurities did not significantly impact the filter performance with respect to PH3 removal for both filter formulations. The cell performance was evaluated by current–voltage measurements and impedance spectroscopy. Post-mortem analyses of the cell and filter were performed by means of XRD, SEM/EDS and XPS. With proper filter design, the Ni-YSZ SOFC can operate on contaminated coal-syngas without degradation over a prescribed period of time.
Tunable waveguiding in electrically programmable VO2-based photonic crystals

The feasibility of electrically programmable waveguiding in a photonic crystal (PC) is explored based on the metal-insulator transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2). Unlike the ordinary PCs, wave propagation in the desired structure may be switched on/off or redirected by applying an electrical bias on the selective electrodes by taking advantage of the electrically induced VO2 phase transition and subsequent modulation of dielectric properties. The characteristics of the two-dimensional VO2-based PCs with line defects are analyzed using the iterative plane wave and finite difference time domain methods. Particularly, the influence of the Drude relaxation on waveguiding is examined as the high rate typical for metallic VO2 can lead to the signal loss. An optimized structure is proposed to minimize the loss and simplify the fabrication.
Node clustering in wireless sensor networks: recent developments and deployment challenges

The large-scale deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and the need for data aggregation necessitate efficient organization of the network topology for the purpose of balancing the load and prolonging the network lifetime. Clustering has proven to be an effective approach for organizing the network into a connected hierarchy. In this article, we highlight the challenges in clustering a WSN, discuss the design rationale of the different clustering approaches, and classify the proposed approaches based on their objectives and design principles. We further discuss several key issues that affect the practical deployment of clustering techniques in sensor network applications.
Transesophageal echocardiographic characterization of pulmonary vein flow not due to atrial contraction or mitral regurgitation.

Abstract In normal human subjects who are in normal sinus rhythm, transthoracic echocardiographic studies have demonstrated that blood flows from the pulmonary veins into the left atrium during both systole and diastole. 1 Using transesophageal echocardiography, we have demonstrated that a brief period of flow reversal characterized by retrograde left atrial to pulmonary vein flow is seen in most normal subjects during left atrial contraction. 2 Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of recognition of pulmonary vein flow reversal occurring during systole as a marker of severe mitral regurgitation. 3 In patients in atrial fibrillation, however, we have noted pulmonary vein flow reversal which appears systolic in timing in the absence of significant mitral regurgitation. The current study characterizes this nonatrial flow reversal and compares its flow characteristics with the flow reversal noted in sinus rhythm.
Selective Inhibition of NFAT Activation by a Peptide Spanning the Calcineurin Targeting Site of NFAT

Abstract NFAT transcription factors play a key role in the immune response. The activation of NFAT proteins is controlled by calcineurin, the calmodulin-dependent phosphatase that is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin A and FK506. Here, we identify a short conserved sequence in NFAT proteins that targets calcineurin to NFAT. Mutation of a single residue in this sequence impairs the calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NFAT1. Peptides spanning the region inhibit the ability of calcineurin to bind to and dephosphorylate NFAT proteins, without affecting the phosphatase activity of calcineurin against other substrates. When expressed intracellularly, a corresponding peptide inhibits NFAT dephosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and NFAT-mediated gene expression in response to stimulation. Thus, disruption of the enzyme–substrate docking interaction that directs calcineurin to NFAT can effectively block NFAT-dependent functions.
Golay encoding/decoding via BCH-Hamming☆

Abstract The (24, 12;8) extended Golay Code can be generated as a 6 × 4 binary matrix from the (15, 11;3) BCH-Hamming Code, represented as a 5 × 3 matrix, by adding a row and column, both of odd or even parity. The odd parity case provides the additional 12th dimension. Furthermore, any three columns and five rows of the 6 × 4 Golay form a permuted BCH- Hamming (15, 11;3) Code. Using the single-error correction of the BCH-Hamming Code, it is possible to decode in a primitive combinatoric fashion all three error patterns. Single- and double-error correction is almost immediate.
The Political Economy of Developing Country Antidumping Investigations against China

This article draws on industry-level data to analyze the political economy of the use of the antidumping statute by 10 less developed countries (LDCs) against China. Test results suggest that Chinese import competition is an important factor explaining the pattern of LDC antidumping initiation against China. Macroeconomic factors such as gross domestic product growth rate also play some role in influencing the pattern of LDC antidumping determination against China. Importantly, statistical analyses did not yield any evidence suggesting that China's membership in the World Trade Organization has disciplined developing countries' use of the antidumping policy. The paper conjectures that China's Most-Favored-Nation status under the World Trade Organization, the designation of China as a nonmarket economy in antidumping investigations until 2016, and the retaliatory incentives generated by the growing deflection of Chinese exports to developing country markets may have overwhelmed the institutional effect of ...
Colliding Feminisms: Britney Spears, "Tweens," and the Politics of Reception

Video-games, cartoon violence, and “shoot-em-up” action movies provoke school shootings. Ever-shrinking supermodels and actors encourage eating disorders. Heavy metal music lures boys to Satanism and suicide. Hollywood teaches girls passivity and submission. Or so we learn on the nightly news. Scores of studies that seem to support an influence of media content on audience beliefs and behavior drive our ever-current “blame-the-media” political climate. These high-profile studies, many of them policy oriented, typically conclude that the social wellbeing of a particular group is endangered by the frequent depiction of violence, sex, sexism, racism, consumerism, and even light “PG” violence or sexual innuendo. Concerning body image and the health of women and girls, effects researchers tend to concentrate most intensely on the role that advertising, fashion magazines, and celebrities—actors and supermodels in particular—play in shaping female body perception. Feminist writing, particularly in the 1970s and early 1980s, often argues that images of women in subordinate, passive, or even nontechnologically savvy roles encourage societal adherence to patriarchal notions of femininity. The popular press itself, typically the perpetrator in media crimes, now frequently toes the line. The cover of the February 14, 2000 People Weekly, for example, reads: “Pop princess Britney Spears: Too sexy too soon? Little girls love her, but her image makes some moms nervous.” The message is loud and clear: Mom, be nervous; be very, very nervous. Much recent academic literature in communications studies, however, challenges the direct influence of media content suggested by mainstream effects research. Connections between what an audience takes in and how it thinks and behaves are complex, ambiguous, and highly dependent on individual identity, family and peer groups, and social relationships. Postfeminist criticism likewise questions a cause-and-effect approach, particularly the images-of-women theorizing that dominated second-wave feminism. No longer do we assume an unproblematic relationship between image and audience, one in which the text clearly transmits meaning and the viewer easily decodes it. Taking cues from literary criticism, academic writers about film, comic books, literature, soap operas, professional wrestling—in short, nearly any and all artifacts of popular culture— increasingly understand meaning not as something intrinsic to a text but rather realized and performed by an audience. Meaning is constantly negotiated and highly dependent on context of consumption and identity of consumer. In this qualitative study of early adolescent girls and their complex relationship to singer Britney Spears, I engage this audience not as passive recipients of questionable material but as active agents in the creation of their own culture. The
Release of (3H)GABA and (14C)glutamic acid from rat cortex slices: the relationship between the tissue pool size and rates of spontaneous and electrically induced release.

Summary A constant fraction of the existing tissue pool of [3H]GABA or [14C]glutamic acid was released during electrical stimulation of rat cortex slices. The sum of the amounts of labeled amino acids released spontaneously and by electrical stimulation was constant when stimulated slices were superfused with normal medium or media containing ouabain or a high K+ concentration. The fraction of the total amount released that was attributable to electrical stimulation varied inversely with the amount released spontaneously. Pentobarbital inhibited the accelerated spontaneous release produced by ouabain or high K+ and restored the ability of the slice to respond to electrical stimulation. Electrically induced release was felt to be limited by a theoretical maximum transport velocity of efflux of approximately 5.5% per min.
The life-span trend in the magnitude of the Mueller-Lyer illusion as a function of hue and age

Mueller-Lyer illustrations produced by hue contrast were used to investigate age differences with participants ranging in age from 20 to 79 years. As expected, there was no age difference in the magnitude of the illusion when the Mueller-Lyer figure was produced by hue contrast. A significant main effect of hue was found, with no interaction between hue and age. These findings support Pollack's nondevelopmental explanation for age effects on Type I illusions.
An exact Lagrangian-mean wave activity for finite-amplitude disturbances to barotropic flow on a sphere

The finite-amplitude Rossby wave activity introduced recently by Nakamura and co-workers measures disturbances in terms of the areal displacement of potential vorticity (PV) from zonal symmetry and possesses exact Eliassen–Palm and non-acceleration theorems. This article investigates both theoretically and numerically how this wave activity, denoted , relates to previously defined quantities such as the generalized Lagrangian-mean (GLM) pseudomomentum density and the impulse-Casimir (IC) wave activity in the context of barotropic flow on a sphere. It is shown that under the barotropic constraint both the new and GLM formalisms derive the non-acceleration theorem from the conservation of Kelvin’s circulation, but the two differ in the way the circulation is partitioned into a mean flow and wave activity/pseudomomentum density. The new wave activity differs from the (negative of) GLM pseudomomentum density by the Stokes correction to angular momentum density, which is not negligible even in the small-amplitude limit. In contrast, converges to the IC wave activity and the familiar linear pseudomomentum density in the conservative small-amplitude limit, provided that their reference states are identical. Both the GLM pseudomomentum density and the zonal-mean IC wave activity may be cast in a flux conservation form in equivalent latitude, which may then be related to an exact Eliassen–Palm theorem through a gauge transformation. However, of the three wave activity forms, only satisfies an exact non-acceleration theorem for the zonal-mean zonal wind . A simple jet forcing experiment is used to examine the quantitative differences among these diagnostics. In this experiment, and the IC wave activity behave similarly in the domain average; however, they differ substantially in the local profiles, the former being more closely related to the flow modification. Despite their close conceptual relationship, the GLM pseudomomentum fails to capture the meridional structure of because the Stokes correction term dominates the former. This demonstrates various advantages of as a diagnostic of eddy–mean flow interaction.
Work In Progress: A Unique Self -Supporting Program for Woman Engineering Students at a Christian University

For the past two years, the Engineering Department at Cedarville University has been making great efforts in helping female engineering students succeed. With no outside funds or support, we designed a self-supporting program. Targeting the high drop-out rate during the freshman year, this mentoring program starts each semester with the new female engineering student orientation. From there, these new students are asked to form horizontal support teams among them. Then upper class female students form vertical mentoring teams with the newest students. Diverse activities are organized to help all the female students meet, communicate and encourage each other. This paper will discuss how our mentoring program provides support, what kinds of activities we use to help female students build self-confidence, and our plans for expansion in the coming year. Through this self-supporting mentoring program, initial accomplishment has been seen through female students study and 55% increase in retention rate.
Muscimol-Like Discriminative Stimulus Effects of GABA Agonists in Rats

Abstract The discriminative stimulus effects of GABAergic drugs were evaluated in rats trained to discriminate the direct GABAA agonist, muscimol (1.0 mg/kg IP), from saline under a two-lever fixed ratio (FR) 32 schedule of food reinforcement. Another direct GABAA agonist, THIP, produced full substitution for muscimol, however, at doses producing response rate decreasing effects. Diazepam, an allosteric modulator of GABA-mediated postsynaptic inhibition, yielded a maximum of 50% muscimol-lever responding at a dose that also decreased rates of responding. Partial substitution for muscimol (maximal levels of 71% muscimol-lever responding) was also produced by the GABA agonist progabide. Propofol, an anesthetic that potentiates GABAA receptor function, and the GABA uptake inhibitor, tiagabine, produced no greater than 53 and 48% muscimol-lever responding, respectively. Valproic acid, a reversible GABA transaminase inhibitor, failed to substitute for muscimol, and vigabatrin, an irreversible GABA transaminase inhibitor, yielded a maximal 46% muscimol-lever responding. These results demonstrate the pharmacological specificity of muscimol discrimination by showing that only direct agonists for the GABA site on the GABAA receptor complex produce full substitution. GABA agonists acting by other mechanisms can be distinguished from muscimol and THIP in this procedure.
A predictive model of hospitalization cost after cerebral aneurysm clipping

Background Cost containment is the cornerstone of the Affordable Care Act. Although studies have compared the cost of cerebral aneurysm clipping (CAC) and coiling, they have not focused on identification of drivers of cost after CAC, or prediction of its magnitude. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate a predictive model of hospitalization cost after CAC. Methods We performed a retrospective study involving CAC patients who were registered in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2005 to 2010. The two cohorts of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms underwent 1:1 randomization to create derivation and validation subsamples. Regression techniques were used for the creation of a parsimonious predictive model. Results Of the 7798 patients undergoing CAC, 4505 (58%) presented with unruptured and 3293 (42%) with ruptured aneurysms. Median hospitalization cost was US$24 398 (IQR $17 079 to $38 249) and $73 694 (IQR $46 270 to $115 128) for the two cohorts, respectively. Common drivers of cost identified in the multivariate analyses included the following: length of stay, number of admission diagnoses and procedures, hospital size and region, and patient income. The models were validated in independent cohorts and demonstrated final R 2 values very similar to the initial models. The predicted and observed values in the validation cohort demonstrated good correlation. Conclusions This national study identified significant drivers of hospitalization cost after CAC. The presented model can be utilized as an adjunct in the cost containment debate and the creation of data driven policies.
On Compiling Array Expressions for Efficient Execution on Distributed-Memory Machines

Efficient generation of communication sets and local index sets is important for evaluation of array expressions in scientific languages such as Fortran-90 and High Performance Fortran implemented on distributed-memory machines. We show that for arrays affinely aligned with templates that are distributed on multiple processors with a block-cyclic distribution, the local memory access sequence and communication sets can be efficiently enumerated using closed forms. First, closed form solutions are presented for arrays that are aligned with identity template that are distributed using block or cyclic distributions.
Research Priorities for Coordinating Management of Food Safety and Water Quality

Efforts to exclude disease organisms from farms growing irrigated lettuce and leafy vegetables on California's central coast are conflicting with traditionally accepted strategies to protect surface water quality. To begin resolving this dilemma, over 100 officials, researchers, and industry representatives gathered in April 2007 to set research priorities that could lead to effective co-management of both food safety and water quality. Following the meeting, research priorities were refined and ordered by way of a Delphi process completed by 35 meeting participants. Although water quality and food safety experts conceptualized the issues differently, there were no deep disagreements with respect to research needs. Top priority was given to investigating the fate of pathogens potentially present on farms. Intermediate priorities included characterizing the influence of specific farm management practices on food safety and improving our understanding of vector processes. A scientific subdiscipline focusing on competing risks is needed to characterize and resolve conflicts between human and environmental health.
Competitive analysis of repeated greedy auction algorithm for online multi-robot task assignment

We study an online task assignment problem for multi-robot systems where robots can do multiple tasks during their mission and the tasks arrive dynamically in groups. Each robot can do at most one task from a group and the total number of tasks a robot can do is bounded by its limited battery life. There is a payoff for assigning each robot to a task and the objective is to maximize the total payoff. A special case, where each group has one task and each robot can do one task is the online maximum weighted bipartite matching problem (MWBMP). For online MWBMP, it is known that, under some assumptions on the payoffs, a greedy algorithm has a competitive ratio of 1 over 3. Our key result is to prove that for the general problem, under the same assumptions on the payoff as in MWBMP and an assumption on the number of tasks arising in each group, a repeated auction algorithm, where each group of tasks is (near) optimally allocated to the available group of robots has a guaranteed competitive ratio. We also prove that (a) without the assumptions on the payoffs, it is impossible to design an algorithm with any performance guarantee and (b) without the assumption on the task profile, the algorithms that can guarantee a feasible allocation (if one exists) have arbitrarily bad performance in the worst case. Additionally, we present simulation results depicting the average case performance of the repeated greedy auction algorithm.
More on the Homunculus Dpm4 and M1 and comparisons with Alouatta and Stirtonia (primates, platyrrhini, cebidae)

The little-worn deciduous fourth premolar and first molar of a mandibular fragment of Homunculus sp are compared with the cast of a previously described deciduous lower fourth premolar of Homunculus grandis and with lower molariform teeth of Alouatta and Stirtonia. Lower molars of Alouatta can be derived from those like Homunculus, but because of the fragmentary nature of the fossils, it cannot be demonstrated that Alouatta evolved from Homunculus or is even closely related. Comparison of mandibles and upper and lower molariform teeth of Alouatta with those of Stirtonia indicate wide divergence from some distant, possibly basic platyrrhine stock.
Digital nasotracheal intubation

Digital nasotracheal intubation may be useful in situations where blind nasotracheal intubation is unsuccessful. This technique can be performed in edentulous patients and may prove to be a valuable adjunct in controlling the airway.
Alzheimer's Presenilin-1 Mutation Potentiates Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate-Mediated Calcium Signaling in Xenopus

Perturbations in intracellular Ca 2+ signaling may represent one mechanism underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). The presenilin-1 gene (PS1), associated with the majority of early onset familial AD cases, has been implicated in this signaling pathway. Here we used the Xenopus oocyte expression system to investigate in greater detail the role of PS1 in intracellular Ca 2+ signaling pathways. Treatment of cells expressing wild-type PS1 with a cell surface receptor agonist to stimulate the phosphoinositide second messenger pathway evoked Ca 2+ -activated Cl - currents that were significantly potentiated relative to controls. To determine which elements of the signal transduction pathway are responsible for the potentiation, we used photolysis of caged inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) and fluorescent Ca 2+ imaging to demonstrate that PS1 potentiates IP 3 -mediated release of Ca 2+ from internal stores. We show that an AD-linked mutation produces a potentiation in Ca 2+ + signaling that is significantly greater than that observed for wild-type PS1 and that cannot be attributed to differences in protein expression levels. Our findings support a role for PS1 in modulating IP 3 -mediated Ca 2+ liberation and suggest that one pathophysiological mechanism by which PS1 mutations contribute to AD neurodegeneration may involve perturbations of this function.
Gresham's Law and the Suffolk System: A Misapplied Epigram

In rejecting the traditional identification of the Suffolk System with Gresham's Law, this article uses economic theory to sharpen our perspective on historical business reality.
COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES IN DISPERSED CRUDE OIL IN THE WATER COLUMN DURING A NEARSHORE TEST SPILL

ABSTRACT As part of the American Petroleum Institute sponsored tidal area dispersant project involving two test spills of Murban crude oil in Long Cove, Searsport, Maine in August, 1981, water samples were collected. This paper deals with the analytical results for the analyses of water samples collected for analysis of non-volatile hydrocarbons by: infrared spectrophotometric quantitation of total CCl4 extractables, and gravimetric analysis of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions followed by capillary gas chromatography. In the dispersant-treated oil discharge area, there were two primary water sampling locations during the discharge phase of the experiment: an upper intertidal area (maximum depth = 2 meters) and a lower intertidal area (maximum depth = 3.5 meters). The gas chromatographic data for the water samples were treated numerically to obtain parameters whose values reflect the extent of dispersed oil weathering. For the aliphatics, the peak area ratio for n C14/n C18 was calculated for e...
Methemoglobin reduction under near physiological conditions

Pure methemoglobin was prepared from fresh red cells and was used as substrate for methemoglobin reduction reaction. Two sources of methemoglobin reductase were used: (a) red cell hemolysate which was prepared by freezing and thawing of unwashed red cells; (b) purified methemoglobin reductase from bank blood. Methemoglobin reduction rate was measured in a mixture of pure methemoglobin (substrate) and hemolysate (enzyme). In other experiments the rate of methemoglobin reduction was measured in the above mixture with the addition of various other compounds such as NADH, cytochrome b5, and pure methemoglobin reductase. Only the addition of pure enzyme accelerated the rate of methemoglobin reduction. In other experiments, the rate of methemoglobin reduction was measured when the reduction reaction was carried out in the presence of various amounts of deoxyhemoglobin, globin, or albumin. It was shown that all proteins tested here decreased the reduction rate. It is concluded that (a) in the red cell, under normal conditions, only the activity of the methemoglobin reductase controls the speed of methemoglobin reduction, and (b) the inhibition of methemoglobin reduction by reduced hemoglobin is mostly nonspecific suggesting a noncompetitive reaction.
Use of the impulse technique for rapid texture evaluation in commercial tube and plate materials

A simple, rapid method for the nondestructive evaluation of texture in metal sheet of arbitrary thickness is presented. The method uses a recently developed technique to generate and receive Rayleigh waves on thick plates or Lamb waves on thin materials. The correlation of Rayleigh wave velocity data with calculated values based on elastic constant measurements and with X-ray pole figures is discussed in detail. The technique is applied to a variety of commercially important materials and geometries by the generation of “ultrasonic pole figures.”
Characterization of P. sativum chloroplast psbA transcripts produced in vivo, in vitro and in E. coli.

We have analyzed the region of the chloroplast genome from P. sativum which encodes the 5′-end of psbA. S1 nuclease mapping and primer extension analysis of chloroplast RNA revealed psbA transcripts with 5′-termini 92, 93 and 68 nucleotides upstream from the psbA open reading frame. The psbA transcripts with 5′-ends 92–93 nucleotides upstream from the psbA open reading frame can be labeled with alpha-32P-GTP by guanylyltransferase. DNA sequences 10 and 35 bp upstream from the longest psbA transcript showed homology to −10 and −35 consensus promoter sequences in E. coli. Truncated psbA constructs which contain the putative psbA promoter sequences were shown to promote transcription in E. coli from a site similar to that used by chloroplast RNA polymerase in vivo. Accurate transcription of psbA constructs was also observed in a homologous in vitro transcription extract from chloroplasts. Sequence analysis of the region upstream from the psbA transcripts revealed a putative 3′-exon of a tRNA-Lys (240 bp upstream) and an unidentified open reading frame (URF, 485 bp upstream). The 3′-end of the URF mRNA was located approximately 240 bp from the 5′-end of the longest psbA transcript indicating that the URF and tRNA-Lys sequence are cotranscribed. Comparison of P. sativum and N. tabacum DNA sequences at the 5′-end of psbA revealed homology between sequences coding for psbA mRNA including 40 bp upstream from the longest psbA transcript. A second region of homology which includes the tRNA-Lys sequence was also located. In contrast the intergenic DNA exhibited extensive divergence in size and sequence. re]19850627 rv]19851211 ac]19851216
Elementary Mechanisms of Oil Recovery by Chemical Methods

Basic mechanisms of oil recovery by introducing chemical agents act either by altering fractional flow relations, as by lowering interfacial tension or raising viscosity, or by changing phase behavior, as by making oil partially soluble in an aqueous phase (solubilization) or water soluble in the oleic phase (swelling). These mechanisms are cataloged. Simplified idealizations of them are analyzed with graphical construction of Buckley-Leverett type for saturation and concentration profiles during representative linear displacements starting with waterflood residual. Emulsification mechanisms with nonequilibrium fluid states are shown to be amenable to similar analysis under certain conditions. 50 refs.
Adults and Adolescents: The Same or Different? Exploring Police Trust in an Inner‐city, Adolescent Population

Although much is known about the impact socially disorganized, inner‐city communities have on the development of various behaviors in adolescents (Garbarino, Dubrow, Kostelny, & Pardo, 1992; Menard...