cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
marine ecosystems: potential new conflicts and a challenge for naep's leadership

a recent report has unusual significance for environmental professionals: i america's living oceans: charting a course for sea change . oceans , from the pew oceans commission, is a provocative overview of the utter inadequacies of current policy to protect marine ecosystems. although these ecosystems started the 20th century in good shape, their status at the start of the 21st century can only be described as disheartening and alarming. all of the good thinking in this special issue on conflict resolution will be needed to grapple with the issues raised by oceans !
Possible Drug Interactions in Oral Treatment of Onychomycosis

A variety of medications may interact with oral antifungal agents used to treat onychomycosis. This article summarizes some possible consequences of concurrent administration of various therapeutic agents with the oral antifungals fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and terbinafine.
Further Studies on Bacteriophage T4 DNA Synthesis in Sucrose-Plasmolyzed Cells

This paper describes several technical improvements in the sucrose-plasmolyzed cell system used in earlier experiments on DNA synthesis in situ with Escherichia coli infected by DNA-defective mutants of bacteriophage T4 (W. L. Collinsworth and C. K. Mathews, J. Virol. 13:908-915, 1974). Using this system, which is based primarily on that of M. G. Wovcha et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70:2196-2200, 1973), we reinvestigated the properties of mutants bearing lesions in genes 1, 41, and 62, and we resolved some disagreements with data reported from that laboratory. We also asked whether the DNA-delay phenotype of T4 mutants is related to possible early leakage of DNA precursors from infected cells. Such cells display defective DNA synthesis in situ, even when ample DNA precursors are made available. Thus, the lesions associated with these mutations seem to manifest themselves at the level of macromolecular metabolism. Similarly, we examined an E. coli mutant defective in its ability to support T4 production, apparently because of a lesion affecting DNA synthesis (L. Simon et al., Nature [London] 252:451-455). In the plasmolyzed cell system, reduced nucleotide incorporation is seen, indicating also that the genetic defect does not involve DNA precursor synthesis. The plasmolyzed cell system incorporates deoxynucleotide 5'-monophosphates into DNA severalfold more rapidly than the corresponding 5'-triphosphates. This is consistent with the idea that DNA precursor-synthesizing enzymes are functionally organized to shuttle substrates to their sites of utilization.
Prehospital use of inhaled steroids and incidence of acute lung injury among patients at risk

article i nfo Purpose: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) attenuated lung injury in animal studies. We investigated the association between prehospital ICS and incidence of acute lung injury (ALI) among patients at risk. Methods: In this ancillary analysis of the large multicenter Lung Injury Prediction Study cohort, we developed a propensity score for prehospital ICS use followed by matching, for all patients and for a subgroup of patients with at least 1 risk factor for direct pulmonary injury. The primary outcome was ALI; secondary outcomes included acute respiratory distress syndrome, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, and hospital mortality. Results: Of the 5126 patients, 401 (8%) were using ICS. Acute lung injury developed in 343 (7%). The unadjusted incidence of ALI was 4.7% vs 6.9% (P = .12) among those in ICS compared with non-ICS group. In the "direct" lunginjury subgroup, the unadjusted incidenceof ALIwas 4.1%vs10.6%(P= 0.006).After propensity matching, the estimated effectfor ALIinthewhole cohortwas 0.69 (95%confidence interval, 0.39-1.2;P= .18),and thatin the direct subgroup was 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.22-1.46; P = .24). Conclusions: Preadmission use of ICS in a hospitalized population of patients at risk for ALI was not significantly associated with a lower incidence of ALI once controlled by comprehensive propensity-matched analysis.
An Adaptive Spline Wavelet ADI (SW-ADI) Method for Two-Dimensional Reaction-Diffusion Equations

We study a spline wavelet alternative direction implicit (SW-ADI) algorithm for solving two-dimensional reaction diffusion equations. This algorithm is based on a collocation method for PDEs with a specially designed spline wavelet for the Sobolev spaceH2(I)on a closed intervalI. By using the tensor product nature of adaptive wavelet meshes, we propose a SW-ADI method for two-dimensional problems. The proposed SW-ADI method is an efficient time-dependent adaptive method with second-order accuracy for solutions with localized phenomena, such as in flame propagations. Issues like new boundary wavelets for more accurate boundary conditions, adaptive strategy for two-dimensional meshes, data structure and storage and implementation details, and numerical results will be discussed.
SKELETAL LESIONS OF HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA IN NINETEEN DOGS

The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical and radiographic findings in dogs with bone lesions secondary to histiocytic sarcoma. Nineteen dogs with radiographically identified bone lesions that were histologically diagnosed as histiocytic sarcoma were assessed. The medical records, all available radiographs and histologic sections were reviewed retrospectively. Dogs were subcategorized into localized or disseminated histiocytic sarcoma groups. Golden Retrievers or Rottweilers greater than 5 years of age, with a history of lameness or neurologic deficits localized to the spinal cord was the most common presentation. Fifteen of 19 dogs had a radiographically detectable soft tissue mass associated with bone destruction. The bone lesions had aggressive characteristics and the sites of involvement included periarticular bones (n = 11), vertebrae (n = 6), proximal humerus (n = 5), and rib (n = 2). Fifteen of 19 dogs had disseminated histiocytic sarcoma, and four had localized histiocytic sarcoma. All Rottweilers had disseminated histiocytic sarcoma. Histiocytic sarcoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for aggressive periarticular, vertebral, or proximal humeral bone lesions identified on radiographs. The index of suspicion should be increased in greater than 5-year-old Golden Retrievers and Rottweilers when a soft tissue mass is associated with the bone lesion on radiographs or myelography. Bone involvement with histiocytic sarcoma, and the Rottweiler breed, was associated with the disseminated form of the disease.
Vitamin D and Susceptibility of Chronic Lung Diseases: Role of Epigenetics

edu Vitamin D deficiency is linked to accelerated decline in lung function, increased inflammation, and reduced immunity in chronic lung diseases. Epidemiological studies have suggested that vitamin D insufficiency is associated with low lung function in susceptible subjects who are exposed to higher levels of environmental agents (airborne particulates). Recent studies have highlighted the role of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in regulation of several genes that are involved in inflammation, immunity, cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Vitamin D has also been implicated in reversal of steroid resistance and airway remodeling, which are the hallmarks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe asthma. VDR protein level is decreased in lungs of patients with COPD. VDR deficient mice develop an abnormal lung phenotype with characteristics of COPD, such as airspace enlargement and decline in lung function associated with increased lung inflammatory cellular influx, and immune-lymphoid aggregates formation. Dietary vitamin D may regulate epigenetic events, in particular on genes which are responsible for COPD susceptibility. Active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 plays an essential role in cellular metabolism and differentiation via its nuclear receptor (VDR) that cooperates with several other chromatin modification enzymes (histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases), thereby mediating complex epigenetic events in vitamin D signaling and metabolism. This review provides an update on the current knowledge and understanding on vitamin D, and susceptibility of chronic lung diseases in relation to the possible role of epigenetics in its molecular action. Understanding the molecular epigenetic mechanism of vitamin D/VDR would provide rationale for dietary vitamin D-mediated intervention in prevention and management of chronic lung diseases linked with vitamin D deficiency.
Galanin-Like Peptide (GALP) Is a Target for Regulation by Leptin in the Hypothalamus of the Rat

Galanin-like peptide (GALP), which was recently isolated from the porcine hypothalamus, shares sequence homology with galanin and binds with high affinity to galanin receptors. To study the distribution and regulation of GALP-expressing cells in the brain, we cloned a 120 base-pair cDNA fragment of rat GALP and produced an antisense riboprobe. In situ hybridization for GALP mRNA was then performed on tissue sections throughout the forebrain of adult ovariectomized female rats. We found GALP mRNA-containing cells in the arcuate nucleus (Arc), caudal dorsomedial nucleus, median eminence and the pituitary. Because GALP mRNA in the Arc appeared to overlap with the known distribution of leptin receptor mRNA, we tested the hypothesis that GALP expression is regulated by leptin. Using in situ hybridization, we compared the number of GALP mRNA-containing cells among groups of rats that were fed ad lib or fasted for 48 h and treated with either leptin or vehicle. Fasting reduced the number of identifiable cells containing GALP mRNA in the Arc, whereas the treatment of fasted animals with leptin produced a 4-fold increase in the number of cells expressing GALP message. The presence of GALP mRNA in the hypothalamus and pituitary and its regulation by leptin suggests that GALP may have important neuroendocrine functions, including the physiological regulation of feeding, metabolism, and reproduction.
Nickel(II) complexation by bis(1,4,7-triazacyclononane) ligands with polymethylene linker groups.: A study of the stability and structure of their mononuclear and binuclear dimeric complexes

Abstract The Ni(II) complexes of a series of bis(1,4,7-triazacyclonon-1-yl)alkanes with polymethylene bridges containing two to six C atoms (EMn (n=2–6)) have been studied by pH potentiometric, electrochemical, UV–Vis spectrophotometric, and X-ray crystallographic experiments. Ligands with bridges of two or three C atoms (EM2 and EM3) exclusively form mononuclear complexes and those with longer linker chains form binuclear dimers. The X-ray structures of [Ni2(EM5)2]Cl3NO3·15H2O (3) and [Ni2(EM6)2]Cl3(NO3)2·6H2O (4) establish the existence of the dimeric complexes in which two Ni(II) ions are sandwiched between two ligands. The structure of [NiEM3](ClO4)2·NaClO4·H2O (1) is monomeric with a distorted NiN6 coordination. Equilibrium models of pH potentiometric data from batch titrations of equimolar Ni(II) ligand aqueous solutions provide a rationale for the formation of the various complex species. Electrochemical cyclic and square wave voltammetric and UV–Vis continuous variation experiments on the series of Ni(II) complexes are also reported and interpreted based on the equilibrium models.
Structural basis for activation, assembly and membrane binding of ESCRT-III Snf7 filaments

A cell constantly remodels its surface to adapt to its environment, as well as to replace old or damaged proteins. To achieve this, cell-surface receptors are taken inside the cell and delivered to organelles called endosomes, where a molecular machine called ESCRT governs the receptors’ fate. Distinct ESCRT complexes remodel the endosomal membrane to form vesicle packages that encapsulate the receptor proteins. These vesicles bud off into the endosome, which is then targeted to another organelle called the lysosome where the receptor proteins are degraded. If the vesicles are unable to make their deliveries, the resulting sustained receptor activity can lead to numerous developmental and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cancer. Remarkably, the ESCRT machinery also plays critical roles during cell division and the release of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from host cells. Previous studies demonstrated that a particular ESCRT complex, called ESCRT-III, forms spiraling filaments on membranes to generate vesicles. However, how the individual components of ESCRT-III assemble into such filaments was a mystery. Now, Tang et al. have determined the first X-ray crystal structures of the main component of ESCRT-III, a polymer of the protein called Snf7, and thus uncovered how these membrane-bound Snf7 spirals assemble. Using a combination of cell biology, genetics and biochemistry techniques, Tang et al. also demonstrated that the Snf7 structures are necessary for ESCRT-III to work correctly inside living cells. Despite this achievement, key questions remain. The main one is how the other subunits of ESCRT-III interact and work together to remodel the membrane to form the vesicle packages at the endosomes.
The Ethics of Tax Evasion: A Survey of Vietnamese Opinion

This paper examines some of the data that was gathered as part of a much larger study on human beliefs and values. Specifically, it examines the views of the Vietnamese sample on the issue of tax evasion. After reviewing the literature of the ethics of tax evasion that has emerged over the last five centuries, the author analyzes the views of 989 Vietnamese people from several demographics, including gender, age, income, education, religion and marital status.
Transureteral saline perfusion to obtain renal hypothermia: potential application in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

BACKGROUND Partial nephrectomy for resection of renal tumors often requires renal artery clamping and external renal cooling using ice-slush. Laparoscopic surgery precludes traditional ice-slush cooling. To facilitate renal cooling during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, we investigated a method of intrarenal cooling by retrograde transureteral iced saline perfusion. METHODS Open laparotomy was performed in 6 pigs. After atraumatic renal artery clamping, one kidney was cooled externally by using standard ice-slush; the other was cooled transureterally. For transureteral cooling, the ureter was cannulated with a double lumen 12 Fr catheter. Chilled saline (4 degrees C) irrigation was flushed through the catheter into the renal pelvis (16.7 mL/min) and allowed to drain via the second lumen of the catheter. Using a 30-gauge hypodermic thermometer, kidney temperatures were measured at 5-minute intervals for 30 minutes at 3 locations and 2 depths (0.5 cm and 1.5 cm). The animals were euthanized, and the kidneys were harvested for histologic examination. RESULTS Renal cooling was achieved with both external and transureteral cooling. However, lower (5.0 versus 26.1 degrees C, P<0.001) parenchymal temperatures were achieved more rapidly with external renal cooling. During transureteral cooling, medullary (1.5 cm) temperatures were lower than cortical (0.5 cm) temperatures were; this difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Although renal hypothermia can be achieved by transureteral iced saline infusion, external cooling by using ice-slush appears to be more efficient in the porcine model. With refinement of the technique, intrarenal cooling via a transureteral approach may allow more effective cooling of the renal medulla, and limit warm ischemia during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.
Assortative Mating: Theories of mate selection

Theories of mate selection and the effects of assortative mating are reviewed, including differences in the basic theoretical orientations of the social and biological sciences with respect to human evolution and assortative mating. Topics discussed include evolution in parallel and interaction, terminology of nonrandom mate selection, theories of mate choice, social stratification and class endogamy, and suggestions for future research.
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for predicting pathological response after the first cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.

Objectives To determine if combined measurements from dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI), obtained before and after the first cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), are superior to single parameter measurements for predicting pathological complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients.
Emergency Care for Homeless Patients: A Window Into the Health Needs of Vulnerable Populations

The author reflects on emergency medical and behavioral health care for homeless patients as of 2016, and it mentions various aspects of the health needs of vulnerable populations in places such as France and the U.S. Research regarding emergency department visits by homeless and nonhomeless patients is examined, along with information about access to medical care, health care reform, and a need to control medical care costs. Accountable care organizations (ACOs) are also assessed.
Serum enzyme patterns in children as an aid to the evaluation of tissue trauma following physical impact

A child with trauma to the chest and upper abdomen resulting from a vehicular accident exhibited a serum enzyme pattern consistent with myocardial damage. Although clinically unsuspected, this was confirmed by electrocardiographic and clinical findings. Resulting from this, a study of other cases of physical impact was undertaken to determine the incidence of myocardial involvement in children following accidents and to investigate the possibility that serum enzyme patterns are of value in identification of the damaged tissue after injury. Lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes, creatine kinase, the transaminases, amylase and in some later cases, sorbitol dehydrogenase estimations were performed daily on injured children by routine methods. The results indicate that damage to solid organs such as skeletal muscle, myocardium, liver and pancreas although clinically unsuspected is not infrequent. In a proportion of cases, the early enzyme changes draw attention to the presence of clinically significant damage.
EQUILIBRIUM TERRACED AND BARRED BEACHES

The results of two sediment transport models based ore the sheet flow approach and the energetics approach are compared with experimental data of random waves over fine sand beaches in equilibrium in a wave flume. Two tests were conducted with a terraced profile (test 1) and a barred profile (test 2). The energetics-based model predicts the equilibrium profile better than the sheet flow model for both tests. However, the energetics model predicts offshore sediment transport and bar migration, whereas the sheet flow model predicts onshore sediment transport and bar migration. These models cannot predict zero net sediment transport rate on these equilibrium profiles with negligible profile changes, whereas the standard equilibrium profile cannot explain the existence of the terrace and bar.
Investigation of quality of communicable disease reporting in medical institutions in Tianjin,2013

Objective To evaluate the quality of notifiable communicable disease reporting in medical institutions in Tianjin.Methods The survey was conducted in medical institutions in Tianjin from January to September,2013 by examining medical records and case survey.The underreporting rate,timeliness rate,completeness and accuracy of reporting cards and concordance rate of electronic reporting were evaluated.Results A total of 690 cases were surveyed.The overall underreporting rate was 2.17%,the underreporting rate was 2.33% for diseases in class B and1.97% for disease in class C(χ2= 0.10,P = 0.75).The overall timeliness rate was 99.11%,the completeness and accuracy of reporting cards were 98.67% and 75.56%,the concordance rate of electronic reporting was 93.93%.Conclusion The overall underreporting rate of communicable diseases in medical institutions in Tianjin was low and the application of electronic recording system varied.It is necessary to improve the reporting quality by strengthening supervision and training,improving the application of electronic recoding system for the purpose of reduction of underreporting and increase of the reporting rate of notifiable communicable diseases.
Safety of freeze-dried live attenuated varicella vaccine

Objective To observe safety of freeze-dried live attenuated varicella vaccine in children.Methods Healthy children aged 1 to 12 years in Binhai New Zone of Tianjin City were selected as subjects according to the stratified randomization principle and criterion for inclusion and exclusion,and divided into infant,preschooler and school age children groups,of whom the adverse reactions within 42 d after inoculation with freeze-dried live attenuated varicella vaccine were observed by active and passive surveillance.Results The trial was completed in 7 546 subjects while failed to complete in 62 subjects.The adverse reaction rate was 7.08%.Of the adverse reactions,81.27% were of gradeⅠ,89.51% were fever,and no severe reactions were observed.The adverse reaction rates in infants,preschoolers and school age children were 7.90%,6.88% and 6.36% respectively,which showed no significant difference(P 0.05).The adverse reactions appeared 30 min to 12 d,mainly 1 ~ 3 d,after inoculation.Conclusion The adverse reaction rate of freeze-dried live attenuated varicella vaccine was not more than those reported by other researchers in China,and no severe reactions were observed,indicating high safety of the vaccine.
Fluid and Electrolyte Fluxes in the Gut

The relative contributions of diet and endogenous reserves to fluxes, the bidirectional movement of absorbed and secreted fluids and electrolytes, the sodium pump, and “intracellular shunts”—these are some of the factors involved in creating optimal intraluminal conditions for digestion and absorption. Also discussed are the derangements caused by vomiting, diarrhea, fistulae, and intestinal sequestration.
Integrating Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Quality Checks into the World Health Organization's Safe Surgery Checklist: A Pilot Study

Background Despite efforts for improvement, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt failure rates remain high. Recent studies have shown promising reductions in failure rates and infection rates with the routine use of perioperative checklists. This study was conducted to pilot test the feasibility and efficacy of integrating specific CSF shunt surgery quality checks into the World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist. Methods We designed CSF shunt checklist quality items according to a previously established methodology, including solicitation of best practices by a national multidisciplinary expert panel. We examined adherence to key processes before and after implementation as a measure of the efficacy of the integrated checklist. We then surveyed users regarding perceived checklist utility. Results Overall adherence to shunt-specific key processes increased from 8.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.9–9.2) to 9.9 (95% CI, 9.3–10.4; P = 0.0070) per 12 items, driven by the infection control items (4.7 [95% CI, 4.1–5.3] to 6.0 [95% CI, 5.4–6.4] per 8 items; P = 0.0056). All of the survey respondents indicated that the checklist was easy to use. The majority stated that it helped them feel better prepared to perform the procedure consistently according to evidence-based practice, and that if they were to adhere to the checklist consistently, their rate of shunt failure would be expected to decrease. Conclusions The integration of specialty-specific checks into the WHO Safe Surgery Checklist improved adherence to quality processes and generally was well accepted in our pilot study. A larger clinical trial is needed to assess whether this approach could improve shunt outcomes.
Study of B-Spline Interpolation, Correction and Inverse Algorithm

This paper aims to make a detail analysis of B-spline interpolation and inverse algorithm that are widely used in CAD/CAM. It points out the nature of two definitions of B-spline curve as well as five correction methods of one B-spline interpolation. In this paper, it explores B-spline inverse algorithm and gives the scope of the algorithm. In addition, it verifies this algorithm by writing a program using VB 6.0.
Two new Platystictidae (Odonata: Zygoptera) from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

Two new members of the Platystictidae are described from Sarawak: Drepanosticta sbong, holotype male: Malaysia, Sarawak, Kapit division, Sungai Sbong, 11–II–2008; and Protosticta tubau, holotype male: Malaysia, Sarawak, Bintulu division, Planted Forest Zone, Tubau area, block E2K, 16–VIII–2009; both to be deposited in the RMNH Leiden, The Netherlands.
On the convergence of time-varying fusion algorithms: Application to localization in dynamic networks

In this paper, we study the convergence of dynamic fusion algorithms that can be modeled as Linear Time-Varying (LTV) systems with (sub-) stochastic system matrices. Instead of computing the joint spectral radius, we partition the entire set of system matrices into slices, whose lengths characterize the stability (convergence) of the underlying LTV system. We relate the lengths of the slices to the rate of the information flow within the network, and show that fusion is achieved if the unbounded slice lengths grow slower than an explicit exponential rate. As a motivating application, we provide a distributed algorithm to track the positions of an arbitrary number of agents moving in a bounded region of interest. At each iteration, agents update their position estimates as a convex combination of the states of the neighbors, if they are able to find enough neighbors; and do not update otherwise. We abstract the corresponding position tracking algorithm as an LTV system, and introduce the notion of slices to provide sufficient conditions under which the system asymptotically converges to the true positions of the agents. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through simulations.
Forest service large fire area burned and suppression expenditure trends, 1970-2002

Extreme fire seasons in recent years and associated high suppression expenditures have brought about a chorus of calls for reform of federal firefighting structure and policy. Given the political nature of the topic, a critical review of past trends in area burned, size of fires, and suppression expenditures is warranted. We examined data relating to emergency wildland fire suppression expenditures, number of fires, and acres burned and developed statistical models to estimate area burned using drought indices for the USDA Forest Service from 1970-2002.
Guantánamo as Outside and Inside the U.S.: Why is a Base a Legal Anomaly?

I. Intro 471 II. Empire in Territorial Expansion, Wealth-Creation, and Cultural Superiority 478 III. GTMO’s Past: a Base for Empire’s Space, Markets, and Culture.......484 A. Expanding Space and Flexible Borders with the Platt Amendment and Insular Cases 484 B. A Base Protects Regional Markets and Global Power After 1898 487 C. GTMO’s Cultural Assumptions: Sovereignty Checked Indefinitely 493 IV. Conclusion 498
The Next Generation of Joints Research

The final chapter of this book discusses potential paths forward for joints research and the ramifications of recent research efforts. This chapter first presents the outcomes of a recent workshop on joint mechanics in which four themes were highlighted: applicability of joints research to industrial applications, repeatability and variability observed in experiments on mechanical joints, the prediction of the dynamic response and life characteristics of an assembled system, and the path forward for joints research. The major conclusions found throughout this book are highlighted, and the author’s perspectives on the future of mechanical joints research are discussed. Lastly, returning to the goal of joint mechanics, namely the development of a predictive model for the interfacial dissipation and stiffness of a joint, the fundamental challenge at the core of this goal is developing an improved understanding of the frictional interactions within a jointed structure. To make progress towards this goal, collaboration is paramount. The expertise of researchers in fields beyond structural dynamics and solid mechanics must be sought out. From a tribological perspective, the conceptualization and study of friction is vastly different than the notions shared by structural dynamicists and solid mechanicists. A shared understanding and collaboration on novel studies will be necessary to develop new insights into the frictional interactions within a jointed structure.
Basic mechanisms of cellular secretion. Summary and perspectives.

Publisher Summary The study of secretory cells and organelles involved in the elaboration of secretory products has had a long and productive history, which spans nearly a century and includes the work of many early investigators, such as Bernard, Golgi, Heidenhain, and Garnier. This chapter provides new information that reflects the current understanding of the mechanisms whereby cells process a variety of secretory products and makes some speculations about the fruitful areas of research in cell secretion. Six experimentally separable but functionally continuous steps in the secretory pathway, which were initially elucidated in polarized glandular epithelial cells—such as those of the pancreas and parotid—but which now, with some variations, pertain likely to all eukaryotic cells and, in part, to prokaryotic cells are described in the chapter.
Prognostic Implications of Changes in Albumin Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in Patients With Severe Heart Failure.

Mechanical assist devices have emerged as an established therapeutic option for patients with end-stage heart failure. Because preimplant hypoalbuminemia is a known risk factor for adverse outcomes, we hypothesized that change in albumin may be a prognostic indicator in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (cfLVADs). This is a retrospective single-center study of patients who underwent cfLVAD implantation (HeartMate II and HeartWare HVAD) at an academic center from 2008 to 2014. After excluding those who died, were transplanted, or hospitalized during the first 3 months post-implant, albumin values were obtained and stratified by an increase or a decrease from pre-implant to 3 months post-implant on 171 (81% male, mean age 57 ± 16 years) patients (139 for the survival analysis and 90 for the hospitalization analysis). Decrease in albumin from pre-implant to 3 months after implant correlated with increased mortality (hazard ratio 2.93, confidence interval 1.57 to 5.44, p
Examining Lexical Development in Second Language Learners: An Approximate Replication of Salsbury, Crossley & McNamara (2011).

This paper reports on an approximate or partial replication of a study by Salsbury, Crossley & McNamara (2011) that examined the longitudinal developmental of a number of core lexical features related to word imageability, concreteness, familiarity, and meaningfulness in a spoken corpus of English second language (L2) learners. Salsbury et al. found no developmental growth patterns for word familiarity but strong growth patterns for word concreteness, imageability, and meaningfulness as a function of time such that L2 learners began to produce more sophisticated words. Salsbury et al. were the first to formally identify this relation between English proficiency and lexical sophistication, and a large number of studies investigating lexical proficiency have cited this article as a foundational study. There were, however, a number of limitations to the Salsbury et al. (2011) study that make it appropriate for replication. First, the sample size was relatively small (six learners sampled six times over the course of a year). In addition, the study did not control for a number of factors important in L2 acquisition studies (e.g., age, proficiency level, gender) and used a statistical technique that averaged group means and did not properly account for individual participant variation. This replication study addresses these areas and the findings from the replication reflect those reported by Salsbury et al., providing support for the notion that developing L2 lexicons move from the production of words with stronger links to core lexical items to words with weaker links to core lexical items over time. Implications for language learning and teaching are discussed.
Upvote My News: The Practices of Peer Information Aggregation for Breaking News on reddit.com

Citizen participation in crisis communication increasingly occurs in social media contexts. As some platforms -- e.g., social news sites -- evolve around collaborative voting, filtering, and information sharing, the aggregation of breaking news information during crisis situations appears more often as an emergent practice in these online communities. Drawing from 53 interviews and descriptive quantitative analysis of reddit posts and comments, this paper presents a qualitative case study examining reddit.com members aggregate information during crisis events within the context of reddit's post/comment structure, crowd voting, and ranking algorithms. Using the lens of network gatekeeping, the paper shows how participants evaluate sources, organize information, and verify details to demonstrate how different affordances and limitations of information production allow or restrict particular types of network gatekeeping.
Evaluation of Dry Peas (Pisum sativum L.) Varieties for Seedling Vigor Indices in Eastern Montana

ABSTRACTGenetic and environmental factors lead to a variation in yield and protein content of dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds. The quality of seed, particularly seed vigor, also influences the establishment of crop and thus final grain yield. The area and production for dry peas are increasing in the Northern Great Plains but knowledge is lacking on how the pea lines/varieties differ in the seed vigor at seven leaf stage. This field and greenhouse study evaluated the eight dry pea lines/varieties for seedling vigor indices and correlated them with grain yield and protein concentrations. Significant differences were observed among the lines/varieties for nodule number plant−1 in greenhouse, and grain yield in field conditions. The highest number of nodules plant−1 was obtained with the line MT632, which were at par with lines MT457, and MT190. The highest Vigor Index I was achieved with line MT632 associated with their more shoot lengths as compared to other lines/varieties. The highest Vigor Index II was...
Temporal effects of ruminal propionic acid infusion on feeding behavior of Holstein cows in the postpartum period.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the temporal effects of intraruminal infusion of propionic acid at the initiation of meals on feeding behavior of cows in the postpartum period. Propionic acid derived from ruminal fermentation can reduce energy intake of dairy cows. The suppression of appetite by propionic acid is likely caused by a signal related to the hepatic oxidation of fuels. Greater propionate flux to the liver is expected to result in faster oxidation of acetyl coenzyme A, which can stimulate satiety and reduce feed intake. Therefore, the rate of propionate supply to the liver, within the timeframe of meals, might be an important limitation to feed intake. Our hypothesis was that faster rate of propionate infusion during meals would decrease meal size and feed intake by decreasing the time required to stimulate satiety within a meal. Six ruminally cannulated, multiparous Holstein cows in the postpartum period were used in a duplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design experiment balanced for carryover effects. Treatments included control (no infusion) or 1.25 mol of propionic acid infused over 5 min (FST) or 15 min (SLW) at each meal. Infusions were initiated at the conditioned meal at feeding (1200 h) and were triggered at each spontaneous meal for 22 h. Contrary to our hypothesis, SLW decreased meal size 29% (0.87 vs. 1.23 kg of dry matter) compared with FST, and FST decreased meal frequency 27% (8.5 vs. 11.2 per d) compared with SLW. Dry matter intake was similar between FST and SLW, but propionic acid decreased dry matter intake 46% compared with control. A potential explanation is that FST resulted in greater liver bypass of propionate compared with SLW, extending anaplerosis of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, hepatic oxidation of acetyl coenzyme A, and satiety over a longer time after meals.
Paraplegia Following Spinal Cord Contusion from an Indirect Gunshot Injury

Spinal cord injuries are debilitating and life threatening. Paraplegia due to direct traumatic gunshot injury to the spinal cord is common. The most common cause of spinal cord injury is road traffic accidents. This is followed by spinal cord injury due to a fall from a height. Most of the spinal cord injuries due to gunshot wounds occur as a result of direct traumatic effects. We present a rare case of a 49-year-old male with trauma. He developed paraplegia after a gunshot wound injury to the neck and contusion to the spinal cord, with no direct trauma. Paraplegia due to direct gunshot injury can have many different outcomes. In our case, the patient was managed conservatively, and the outcome was favorable.
An analytical approach to determine conventional S−N curves from accelerated-fatigue data

This paper describes an analytical method of obtaining conventional S−N curves from the accelerated-fatigue tests, namely the generalized Prot accelerated-fatigue-testing technique in which the stress amplitude increases linearly with respect to cycle. Miner's cumulative-damage theory was applied and an expression for the sum of a series of natural numbers raised to a certain nonintegral power was developed to achieve this. The agreement between analytical prediction and experimental verification is quite reasonable.
IOP: Instruments to Measure IOP

Elevated intraocular pressure was first noted to be associated with blindness in the tenth century by an Arabic physician, At-Tabari, and was redescribed in 1622 as being associated with what came to be known as glaucoma by Richard Bannister [1]. Until the late nineteenth century, pressure was estimated by palpation through the eyelid – at best, a way to determine if the intraocular pressure (IOP) is low, medium, high, or very high. Obviously, a way to actually measure IOP was needed if glaucomatous conditions were to be diagnosed and treated effectively. This is especially true now that efficacy of lowering IOP in both ocular hypertension and glaucoma has been firmly established by large, randomized studies [2–7].
Alteration in red cell indices during palbociclib therapy.

e13031Background: Palbociclib is a CDK 4/6 inhibitor approved for treatment of metastatic hormone receptor positive breast cancer with hormone therapy. We noticed variations in red cell indices in ...
BEARING DOWN ON TREPONEMES: AN ATYPICAL PRESENTATION OF SYPHILITIC UVEITIS.

Purpose:To present an atypical case of syphilis that presented with findings concerning for endocarditis and valsalva retinopathy.Methods:History and clinical examination of 42-year-old white man who presented to the emergency department with acute onset vision changes associated with gastrointestin
Introduction to Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems

Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) is a systems design framework that focuses on developments that incorporate high-dimensional physical models, run-time measurements, statistical methods, and computation architectures. One of the foremost applications of DDDAS successes was environmental assessment of natural disasters such as wild fire monitoring and volcanic plume detection. Monitoring the atmosphere with DDDAS principles has evolved into applications for space situational awareness, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) design, and biomedical applications. Recent efforts reflect the digital age of information management such as multimedia analysis, power grid control, and biohealth concerns. Underlying a majority of the DDDAS developments are advances in sensor design, signal processing and filtering, as well as computational architectures. The book highlights some of these advances for the reader, with more information available at the DDDAS society’s website: www.1dddas.org.
Identification of bioactive phenolics from Porana sinensis Hemsl. stem by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and the confirmation of anti-inflammatory indicators using LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.

To characterise bioactive phenolics and confirm anti-inflammatory indicators in Porana sinensis stem, 23 phenolics were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS from crude extract (CE) prepared optimally with 80% methanol. Further fractionalisation using D101 macroporous resin resulted in predominant enrichment of total phenols and flavonoids into Fr.II. Correspondingly, the bioactive components-enriched Fr.II exhibited the lowest IC50 for scavenging DPPH and ABTS and the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity or ORAC followed by Fractions Fr.I + Fr.II, CE and Fr.I, implying that certain phenolics possessing lower antioxidant activity completely remained in CE. Anti-inflammatory tests with LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells showed that CE possessed the highest inhibition of NO-production followed by Fr.II and Fr.I, meaning that CE might contain compounds that expressed higher anti-inflammatory but lower antioxidant activities or possessed synergistic interactions but were not fractionated together. Quantitative determination of nine major phenolics revealed that caffeic acid and 3-, 4- and 5-caffeoylquinic acids were concentrated into Fr.I, whereas scopolin, scopoletin and 3,5-, 3,4- and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids were enriched into Fr.II. Further experiments with three selected major phenolics reduced the proposed synergistic interactions. Anti-inflammatory tests of the nine major phenolics evidenced that caffeic acid and the six caffeoylquinic acids produced higher, and the three dicaffeoylquinic acids at 140 μΜ showed even more significant activities in suppressing NO-production and mRNA expression of iNOS, TNF-α, COX-2, and IL-6, suggesting that these three dicaffeoylquinic acids could be indicators of the anti-inflammatory potential of P. sinensis stem. These findings provided novel insights for potential use of P. sinensis or liana, as an important source of natural antioxidants, against inflammation.
Controlled substance diversion in health systems: A failure modes and effects analysis for prevention.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the utility of failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) for systematically identifying potential sources of controlled substance diversion and developing solutions in an academic health system. Methods The FMEA was conducted by an 18-member cross-functional team from the department of pharmacy. The team developed scoring criteria specifically for controlled substance diversion, outlined the controlled substance processes from procurement to administration or disposal, and identified ways in which each step of the medication supply process might fail (failure modes) and result in diversion of controlled substances. Failure modes with a vulnerability score of 48 or 64 were considered highest risk and were immediately intervened on by the FMEA team. Results The FMEA outlined a total of 10 major steps and 30 substeps in the controlled substance supply process. From this, 103 potential failure modes were identified, with 24 modes (23%) receiving a vulnerability score of 48 or 64. Development of specific reports addressed 15 failure modes, while 9 involved pharmacy workflow alterations. Notable reports included controlled substance activity under temporary patients and discrepancy trends by user, medication, and patient care area. Notable workflow alterations included expanded use of cameras in high-risk areas and additional verification checks. Conclusion FMEA allowed for systematic identification of controlled substance diversion opportunities, prioritization by level of vulnerability, and the development of targeted strategies to reduce risk of diversion.
Taking Innovation to the Streets: Microgeography, Physical Structure, and Innovation

In this paper, we analyze how the physical layout of cities affects innovation by influencing the organization of knowledge exchange. We exploit a novel data set covering all census block groups in...
A Machine Learning Framework for Accurate Functional Connectome Fingerprinting and an Application of a Siamese Network

The goal of functional connectome (FC) fingerprinting is to uniquely identify subjects based on their functional connectome. In recent years, interest in this problem has increased substantially with efforts made to understand the factors that affect the accuracy of fingerprinting and to develop more effective approaches. In this work, we developed a novel machine learning framework for FC fingerprinting. Specifically, while existing approaches match a query FC with a reference FC based on a correlation score between the two FCs, our framework employed a machine learning model to determine if two FCs are similar. This allowed us to capture more complex features from FCs and also to capture non-linear similarities that may exist among FCs. We explored multiple machine learning algorithms that include a Siamese neural network and several classification algorithms. From our experiments, we observed that the Siamese network outperformed other classification models, with an FC fingerprinting accuracy of \(99.89\%\).
Fluid Choice Matters in Critically-ill Patients with Acute Pancreatitis: Lactated Ringer's vs. Isotonic Saline.

Objectives To investigate the effect of different crystal- loid solutions on clinical outcomes in critically-ill patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods We conducted a retrospective study of patients with AP admitted to the ICU using the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. We investigated the effect of fluid type; lactated ringer's (LR) vs. isotonic saline (IS) on hospital mortality rates, and ICU length of stay (LOS). Results Hospital mortality of the 198 included patients was 12%. For fluid type, 32.9% were resuscitated with LR vs. 67.1% with IS. Hospital mortality was lower in the LR group (5.8%) vs. 14.9% for IS group, odds ratio of 3.10 [P=0.041]. This effect was still observed after adjusting for confounders. However, ICU LOS was longer in LR compared to IS group; 6.2±6.9 vs. 4.2±4.49 days respectively [P= 0.020]. Conclusion The type of fluid used for resuscitation in AP may affect the outcome. LR may have survival benefit over IS in critically-ill patients with AP. [Full article available at http://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal-2016-10.asp].
Fault Recovery in Micro-Electrode-Dot-Array Digital Microfluidic Biochips Using an IJTAG NetworkBehaviors

A digital microfluidic biochip (DMFB) is an attractive platform for immunoassays, point-of-care clinical diagnostics, DNA sequencing, and other laboratory procedures in biochemistry. A recent generation of biochips uses a micro-electrode-dot-array (MEDA) architecture, which provides fine-grained controllability of droplets and seamlessly integrates microelectronics and microfluidics using CMOS technology. In order to ensure robust fluidic operations and high confidence in the outcome of biochemical experiments, chip testing, fault diagnosis and fault recovery are critical for MEDA biochips. In this paper, we present an effective fault- recovery solution based on the homogeneous structure of MEDA. Since the microelectrode cell (MCs) in a MEDA biochip are identical, we add multiplexers for reconfigurability, whereby an MC with faulty components can use the hardware resources in a neighboring MC. In addition, we use the IEEE 1687 (a.k.a. IJTAG) network to reduce the number of control signals need for the multiplexers, and to provide flexible sub-scan chain access for the fault-recovery control flow. A comprehensive set of simulation results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed fault-recovery solution for MEDA biochips.