cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Should lung transplantation be performed for patients on mechanical respiratory support? The US experience.

Objective The study objectives were to (1) compare survival after lung transplantation in patients requiring pretransplant mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with that of patients not requiring mechanical support and (2) identify risk factors for mortality. Methods Data were obtained from the United Network for Organ Sharing for lung transplantation from October 1987 to January 2008. A total of 15,934 primary transplants were performed: 586 in patients on mechanical ventilation and 51 in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Differences between nonsupport patients and those on mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support were expressed as 2 propensity scores for use in comparing risk-adjusted survival. Results Unadjusted survival at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months was 83%, 67%, 62%, and 57% for mechanical ventilation, respectively; 72%, 53%, 50%, and 45% for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, respectively; and 93%, 85%, 79%, and 70% for unsupported patients, respectively (P Conclusion Although survival after lung transplantation is markedly worse when preoperative mechanical support is necessary, it is not dismal. Thus, additional risk factors for mortality should be considered when selecting patients for lung transplantation to maximize survival. Reduced survival for this high-risk population raises the important issue of balancing maximal individual patient survival against benefit to the maximum number of patients.
L 1 -optimization in linear systems with bounded controls

In a linear control system over a fixed time interval, we treat steering to the origin by controls (i) having realistic constraints on their values, while minimizing theL 1-cost of control, (ii) without such constraints, and (iii) minimizing the coordinate bound, with or without a givenL 1-cost restriction. Existence (also, nonexistence) results are obtained, together with further necessary conditions for control optimality.
Experimental verification of the advantage of a 256-element ultrasonic phased array for thermal coagulation of deep seated tissue

A 256 element ultrasonic phased array was constructed from thermal treatment of deep seated tissue. The 1.1 MHz array had a 10 cm radius of curvature and a 12 cm diameter. The elements formed a planar projection grid of 0.65 X 0.65 cm2 such that the focal range of the array was approximately +/- 1 cm from the natural focus of the array both in the focal plane and +/- 2 cm along the array axis. The array was driven with phased continuous wave signals to both shift individual foci and to create multiple focus patterns. The goals of this study were to demonstrate that an array with many elements has the ability to coagulate large volumes of deep seated tissue in a single sonication and to experimentally compare the in vivo thermal measurements of large focal volume sonications to those predicted in a simple simulation model. It was found that the array could coagulate thigh muscle volumes of 3 - 5 cm3 in a twenty second sonication.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The prominent role of stimulus processing: cholinergic function and dysfunction in cognition.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review develops a framework from which to understand the role of the cholinergic system in healthy cognition and in cognitive dysfunction. Traditionally, the cholinergic system has been thought to have direct influence on cognitive processes such as working memory and attention. Although the influence of cholinergic function on stimulus processing has been long appreciated, the notion that cholinergic effects on stimulus processing is the mechanism by which acetylcholine influences cognitive processes has only more recently been considered. RECENT FINDINGS Literature supporting the hypothesis that cholinergic modulation influences cognitive functions through stimulus processing mechanisms has been growing for over a decade. Recent conceptualizations of the developing literature have argued for a new interpretation to an old and developing literature. SUMMARY The argument that cholinergic function modulates cognitive processes by direct effects on basic stimulus processing extends to cognitive dysfunction in neuropathological conditions including dementia and mood disorders. Memory and attention deficits observed in these and other conditions can be understood by evaluating the impact of cholinergic dysfunction on stimulus processing, rather than on the cognitive function in general.
Bunyamwera virus. I. The molecular complexity of the virion RNA.

Abstract Bunyamwera prototype virus was propagated in BHK-21 cell cultures employing conditions designed to eliminate defective virus particle production. The virus produced under these conditions had an estimated s 20,w value of 438 and a particle density of 1.19 g/cm 3 in sucrose. The Bunyamwera virus RNA sedimentation profile exhibited three peaks of 33, 26, and 16 S in nondenaturing gradients of moderate ionic strength. The RNA was single-stranded (ss). By electrophoresis, four segments were regularly resolved, of molecular weight 3.8 × 10 6 (corresponding to the 33 S species), 2.4 × 10 6 (26 S), and 0.8 and 0.5 × 10 6 (16 S), with an estimated molar ratio of 1:1:1:3. Virus-specific ssRNA from infected cells was found to sediment in three size classes with S values indistinguishable from those exhibited by virion-derived RNA. Three virus-specific RNA duplexes of molecular weight 7.2 × 10 6 , 4.1 × 10 6 , and 1.7 × 10 6 were recovered from cells late in infection. An assay for the occurrence of primary viral transcription in cycloheximide-treated BHK cells infected with purified virus yielded results suggesting the presence of a virion-associated polymerase and the “negative-strand” nature of the Bunyamwera viral RNA.
Genome Size Is a Strong Predictor of Root Meristem Growth Rate

Variation in genome size (GS) has been linked to several facets of the plant phenotype. Recently it was shown that GS is significantly correlated with cell size and the duration of the cell cycle. Here we test the hypothesis that GS might also be a predictor of apical root meristem growth rate (RMGR). We studied eight species of eudicots with varying GS using time-lapse microscopic image analysis. A significant negative exponential relationship was observed between GS and RMGR. Our results show significantly decreased RMGR for large genome species. This relationship represents a significant consequence of GS expansion in plants and may partly explain why genome sizes tend to be small in eudicots. Interestingly, parasitic plants, which do not rely on root growth as much, often have large genomes.
Discrete-event simulation of forest landscape response to fire disturbances

Abstract The objective of this work is to illustrate the potential of discrete-event simulation methodologies and object-oriented hierarchical models to simulate landscape dynamics. We formalized the Noble and Slatyer vegetation replacement scheme in a mdular, object-oriented formalism to simulate vegetation dynamics. Based on this module, we suggest a framework for simulating vegetation dynamics in spatially complex landscape systems composed of interacting patches. As illustrated with the simulations performed for a two-patch landscape, patch components are organized in a hierarchical structure, with information flow in the form of messages passing among the hierarchically arranged components. System behavior can be analyzed from any level of organization. Finally, we briefly discuss the implementation of this framework in a Geographic Information System.
Gender type and comfort with cross-dressers

The Bem Sex Role Inventory was used to classify university participants into the gender types: masculine, feminine, and androgynous. Two men who cross-dress were invited to attend and interact with the participants during regular classroom periods. Pre- and posttests were administered to measure the participants' comfort level with the phenomenon of cross-dressing. Feminine-gender-typed participants were initially the most comfortable with the concept of cross-dressing and experienced the least pre- and posttest mean change following the interaction. The masculine-gender-typed participants were the least comfortable, but experienced the greatest pre- and posttest mean change. Androgynous participants' differences for pre- and posttest scores were greater than the feminine-gender-typed participants' differences, but less than those of the masculine-gender-typed participants.
Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies During Pregnancy, Postpartum, and Lactation

The use of complementary and alternative therapies for depression is an issue of growing interest for practitioners who care for women. Postpartum depression is a serious and debilitating illness that affects many women, their infants, and families. Often, women do not report feelings of sadness or depression to their health care providers due to stigma. Some women have multiple concerns in using prescription drugs, especially if they are breastfeeding their infants. In addition, more women are educating themselves about the potential side and adverse effects of prescriptions drugs and are exploring complementary and alternative therapies. With the availability of information from multiple sources, whether accurate or not, women may be using these therapies inappropriately. Two major concerns in using complementary and alternative therapies are the purity and safety of the herbs and herbal formulations and the potential lack of communication between the client and health care provider.
Effects of method and format on subjects' responses to a control of variables reasoning problem

Excessive time and training demands have rendered Piaget's clinical method of reasoning assessment impractical for researchers and science teachers who work with large numbers of students. The published literature1 indicates that reliable, valid alternatives to clinical assessment are feasible. However, the overestimate/underestimate of reasoning for different methods and formats remains unresolved through research. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various methods and formats on subjects' responses to a Piagetian reasoning problem requiring control of variables. The task chosen for this investigation was the Mealworm problem.2 The task was presented by three methods: (1) individual clinical interview; (2) group presentation of task followed by paper-and-pencil problem with illustration; and (3) group administration of paper-and-pencil instrument with illustration. Each method included four formats: (1) completion answer with essay justification; (2) completion answer with multiplechoice justification; (3) multiple-choice answer with essay justification; and (4) multiple-choice answer with multiple-choice justification. Two hundred and fifty-three (253) students who were enrolled in a freshman level biological science class participated in the study. The research design was a 3 × 4 factorial design with method and format of assessment as the main effects. The participants were in 12 randomly selected laboratory or discussion sections, and each section was randomly assigned to a cell in the research design. Regression analysis with the individual as the unit of analysis showed that format but not method of assessment accounted for a significant amount of variance in student performance. The overall interaction was nonsignificant. Regression analysis with sections as the unit of analysis revealed nonsignificant findings for both method and format. The interrater agreement in the scoring of the Mealworm task was 82.1%. The principal conclusion is that format but not method of task administration influenced the performance of subjects, and the influence is similar for various combinations of method and format. Discussion is focused on the relative importance of the nonsignificant and significant findings for using alternative methods of Piagetian assessment. The results are also discussed with respect to earlier work, and suggestions for future research as well as implications for teachers are set forth.
Noise or flutter or both

Noise-flutter interrelation in flight vehicle flexible plate and shell configurations immersed in fluid flow
Some considerations in the use of isometric, isoinertial and isokinetic strength models for predicting lifting capability

Abstract In order to predict lifting capacity of individuals, various mathematical models have been developed. These models have been based on several strength measurements of individuals including isometric, isokinetic and isoinertial strengths. A study was conducted to review and compare prediction models based on their performance. The results indicate that models based on dynamic (isokinetic and isoinertial) strengths are superior to models based on static (isometric) strength. Furthermore, different types of equipment used in measurement of strengths are discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are cited. Their safety, accuracy, price and mobility are compared.
Animal Thinking: Contemporary Issues in Comparative Cognition

A prefatory note by Julia Lupp, Program Director of the Ernst Strungmann Forum, describes Animal Thinking’s evolution. Preliminary discussions by the Forum’s Board provoked Randolf Menzel and Julia...
Dislocation Interaction with Point Defects in Transition-Metal Disilicides

Energetics of the formation of jog-pairs and kink-pairs on a straight dislocation are analyzed using anisotropic elasticity theory for the equivalent slip systems of seven transition-metal disilicides. While glide loops of the active slip systems are stable in all cases, having positive line tension, the interaction energies of two opposite segments in kink-pairs and jog-pairs are found to be very anisotropic with respect to dislocation orientation. The anisotropic interaction plays an important role in the glide resistance due to dislocation-point defect interactions. A dislocation model is proposed for the glide resistance on edge and near edge dislocations based on jog-pairs resulting from the contact interaction between dislocations and intrinsic point defects. The available data of yield strength anomaly and dislocation structures of disilicide crystals are discussed in view of the proposed model for jog-pair pinning and dynamic breakaway.
A new finite element formulation for computational fluid dynamics: II. Beyond SUPG

Abstract A discontinuity-capturing term is added to the streamline-upwind/Petrov-Galerkin weighting function for the scalar advection-diffusion equation. The additional term enhances the ability of the method to produce smooth yet crisp approximations to internal and boundary layers.
Fabrication of Hydrogels with Steep Stiffness Gradients for Studying Cell Mechanical Response

Many fundamental cell processes, such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis and cancer metastasis, are thought to be modulated by extracellular matrix stiffness. Thus, the availability of matrix substrates having well-defined stiffness profiles can be of great importance in biophysical studies of cell-substrate interaction. Here, we present a method to fabricate biocompatible hydrogels with a well defined and linear stiffness gradient. This method, involving the photopolymerization of films by progressively uncovering an acrylamide/bis-acrylamide solution initially covered with an opaque mask, can be easily implemented with common lab equipment. It produces linear stiffness gradients of at least 115 kPa/mm, extending from ∼1 kPa to 240 kPa (in units of Young's modulus). Hydrogels with less steep gradients and narrower stiffness ranges can easily be produced. The hydrogels can be covalently functionalized with uniform coatings of proteins that promote cell adhesion. Cell spreading on these hydrogels linearly correlates with hydrogel stiffness, indicating that this technique effectively modifies the mechanical environment of living cells. This technique provides a simple approach that produces steeper gradients, wider rigidity ranges, and more accurate profiles than current methods.
Augmentation of drug‐induced blood pressure increases in rats by amobarbital

Abstract The effects of amobarbital anaesthesia on blood pressure responses to angiotensin and noradrenaline were determined in rats with chronically implanted venous and aortic catheters. Responses were tested twice on the same day in each rat, first in the conscious state and then during anaesthesia. Blood pressure rises produced by noradrenaline and angiotensin were larger when the rats were anaesthetized with amobarbital than when they were conscious. This enhancement was not characteristic of general anaesthesia since urethane, instead of enhancing, depressed the pressor responses. Blockade of acetylcholine receptors with atropine also increased the response to pressor drugs. However, amobarbital in anaesthetic doses did not affect the response to acetylcholine, indicating that removal of compensatory parasympathetic reflexes was not a major cause of its enhancing effect. The effects of amobarbital on arterial pressure and heart rate were similar to those of the ganglion blocking drug pentolinium. When pressor responses were increased by amobarbital, autonomic ganglia were depressed as indicated by the loss of the response to nicotine. These findings suggest that amobarbital enhances blood pressure responses to noradrenaline and angiotensin by blocking autonomic ganglia.
[d-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin-induced internalization of the μ opioid receptor in the spinal cord of morphine tolerant rats

Abstract Several theories of opioid tolerance predict that the magnitude of μ opioid receptor (MOR) internalization in response to ligand changes in the setting of morphine tolerance. Here we show that in rats rendered tolerant to the analgesic action of morphine, cross-tolerance to the analgesic action of intrathecally administered [ d -Ala2, N -MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO) can be produced without changes in the magnitude of DAMGO-induced internalization of the MOR in lamina II neurons of the rat spinal cord. These results suggest that opioid tolerance-related changes in signaling are located downstream from or in parallel with receptor activation and internalization and support the idea that key features of opioid signaling are maintained, rather than reduced, in the setting of morphine tolerance.
Current research and practice in proactive fault management

Unlike rollback-recovery, proactive fault management takes preventive actions before the occurrence of failures. In this survey paper, we classify the current research of proactive fault management into two broad categories: failure analysis and prediction, and proactive techniques. Analytical methods have been widely used to analyse and forecast contiguous values, while data mining or machine learning methods are mostly suited to categorical data. Various proactive fault management systems have been recently developed, each of them exploring different proactive techniques to achieve its specific design goal. Our investigation shows that research should be conducted in the context of high performance computing to enable efficient proactive fault management for the emerging large-scale supercomputers.
The impact of company type and corporate social responsibility messaging on consumer perceptions

Consumer distrust is particularly salient in the context of the current mortgage crisis, and mortgage companies are looking for ways to change their image and regain consumer confidence. This study examines whether advertisements portraying a message of corporate social responsibility (CSR) might help financial institutions in enhancing consumer perceptions of the company. One hundred subjects were randomly selected from among the faculty and staff of a large American university. Subjects were exposed to advertisements, with or without a CSR message, for two well-known service organizations (JP Morgan Chase and Verizon). Results suggest that consumers harbor negative attitudes toward mortgage companies and skepticism about advertising from these companies, but that the inclusion of a CSR message can mitigate these effects, resulting in improved attitudes toward the company. Managerial implications are discussed.
CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE RHINOPLASTY

Patient evaluation and selection for aesthetic facial surgery and rhinoplasty in particular goes beyond assessment of anatomical indications. The selection of appropriate candidates involves an understanding of the patient's motivations for the procedure, expectations for the surgical outcome, and ego strength for tolerating the stress of operative intervention. The patient interview must be structured to give the surgeon ample information to determine the psychological and emotional stability of the candidate. Psychiatric consultation may be required if evidence is uncovered indicating psychiatric illness. Time spent informing the patient preoperatively will pay off great dividends in the postoperative period. If patient dissatisfaction does occur, validate and address the patient's concerns with a nondefensive posture.
Molecular dynamics simulations of 1/2 a〈1 1 1〉 screw dislocation in Ta

Using a new, first principles based, embedded-atom-method (EAM) potential for tantalum (Ta), we have carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the core structure, core energy and Peierls energy barrier and stress for the 1/2 a� 111 � screw dislocation. Equilibrated core structures were obtained by relaxation of dislocation quadrupoles with periodic boundary conditions. We found that the equilibrium dislocation core has three-fold symmetry and spreads out in three � 112 � directions on { 110 } planes. Core energy per Burgers vector b was determined to be 1.36 eV/b. We studied dislocation motion and annihilation via molecular dynamics simulations of a periodic dislocation dipole cell, with � 112 � and � 110 � dipole orientation. In both cases the dislocations move in zigzag on primary { 110 } planes. Atoms forming the dislocation cores are distinguished based on their atomic energy. In this way, we can accurately define the core energy and its position not only for equilibrium configurations but also during dislocation motion. Peierls energy barrier was computed to be ∼0.07 eV/b with a Peierls stress of ∼0.03µ, where µ is the bulk shear modulus of perfect crystal. The preferred slipping system at low temperature is � 112 � directions and { 110 } planes. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Colloquium: Topological insulators

Topological insulators are electronic materials that have a bulk band gap like an ordinary insulator but have protected conducting states on their edge or surface. These states are possible due to the combination of spin-orbit interactions and time-reversal symmetry. The two-dimensional (2D) topological insulator is a quantum spin Hall insulator, which is a close cousin of the integer quantum Hall state. A three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator supports novel spin-polarized 2D Dirac fermions on its surface. In this Colloquium the theoretical foundation for topological insulators and superconductors is reviewed and recent experiments are described in which the signatures of topological insulators have been observed. Transport experiments on $\mathrm{Hg}\mathrm{Te}∕\mathrm{Cd}\mathrm{Te}$ quantum wells are described that demonstrate the existence of the edge states predicted for the quantum spin Hall insulator. Experiments on ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{x}$, ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$, and ${\mathrm{Sb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ are then discussed that establish these materials as 3D topological insulators and directly probe the topology of their surface states. Exotic states are described that can occur at the surface of a 3D topological insulator due to an induced energy gap. A magnetic gap leads to a novel quantum Hall state that gives rise to a topological magnetoelectric effect. A superconducting energy gap leads to a state that supports Majorana fermions and may provide a new venue for realizing proposals for topological quantum computation. Prospects for observing these exotic states are also discussed, as well as other potential device applications of topological insulators.
The Methodology of Historical Climate Reconstruction and its Application to Africa

This article deals with climatic reconstruction over a period of centuries, on the basis of indirect evidence found in historical and geographical sources. Histories, archives, local chronicles and journals of travellers and settlers contain references to lakes, landscapes, famines, droughts and floods, as well as occasional descriptions of climate and meteorological measurements. Such information can be combined with evidence from geology, palynology or the study of tree-rings to support hypotheses regarding climate and environment several centuries ago.This methodology is here described and used to reconstruct the trend of rainfall fluctuation in Africa over the past millennium. Two approaches are considered: the one seeks to determine absolute variation (thus assessing whether particular episodes were wetter or drier than today); the other focuses on short-term climatic anomalies (e.g. droughts) in which rainfall differed from the mean prevailing at the time, without seeking to relate them to present conditions.The results obtained from this study suggest that during the past millennium there have been two periods of relatively wet conditions in the semi-arid regions south of the Sahara: between the eighth and fourteenth centuries, and between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. Evidence for these episodes, and for synchronous fluctuations elsewhere in Africa is presented in the text.
‘Let Them Build Sea Walls’: Ecological Crisis, Economic Crisis and the Political Economic Opportunity Structure

The notion of a political economic opportunity structure not only provides a sociological description of capitalism’s economic and ecological crises but also connects these crises to radical social...
Symmetric Group Branching Rules and Tableaux

If \(G \supset H\) are groups, a branching rule is an explicit description of how representations of G decompose into irreducibles when restricted to H. By Frobenius reciprocity, this is equivalent to asking how representations of H decompose into irreducibles on induction to G. In this chapter, we will obtain the branching rule for the symmetric groups.
Chromatographic process identification for protein C purification using frequency response analysis.

Frequency response analysis is applied for the analysis of liquid chromatography output of protein separation. Reduced data from simple chromatograms suggest that various Bode plot parameters, magnitude ratios, phase shift, the steady state gain, break frequency, and system order in the frequency domain, can be used to gain phenomenological insights on the system. Such an approach is advantageous because the validity of the model can be checked for two plots, the magnitude ratio vs. frequency and the phase shift vs. frequency, as compared to a single plot in the time domain. This approach also provides a useful empirical tool which can be quantifiably used for process validation and scale-up, especially for immunoaffmity and immobilized metal affinity chromatographic systems used for protein C purification.
Two Emerging Technologies for Achilles Tendinopathy and Plantar Fasciopathy

Some common overuse injuries, such as Achilles tendinopathy and plantar fasciitis (or fasciopathy), can be refractory to treatment. When standard treatment options fail, operative intervention often becomes the treatment of last resort. Recently, newer technologies have been developed and refined, and can provide potential benefits for these conditions using noninvasive and minimally invasive approaches. Two technologies, extracorporeal shock wave therapy and ultrasound-guided percutaneous tenotomy/fasciotomy are discussed.
Smart grid stabilization approaches

The implementation of smart-grid functionality facilitates both real-time monitoring of consumption and realtime pricing (RTP). Its potential lies mainly in reducing the need for more base load power plants, integrating renewables, and reducing the cost of operation for utilities by smoothing out demand and minimizing power wastage. The integration of renewable sources makes the power supply stochastic and real time pricing makes demand stochastic. We can thus face significant supply-demand imbalances. We show it is possible, at least in theory, to stabilize both the demand and scales of the grid through making RTP attractive, and through exploiting natural phenomena and human habits. Our method can accomplish these goals without calling for costly grid storage. We show how even simple pricing contract can ease consumer acceptance of RTP, something the utilities have not been able to sell to their costumers. We exploit regularities in consumer habits to derive the statistics of power usage over different time scales and show supply and demand statistics can be matched over these different time scales. Thus, we show that solar power production can be matched with the power consumption of air-conditioning, wind power supply can be matched with consumption from weekly consumer needs such as laundry or once per day needs such as dishwashers and water heaters. We conclude with a discission of sensing and control requirements to achieve these goals.
The Permutation of a Certain Class of Matrices

An efficient permutation algorithm is developed for a certain class of matrices; namely, those that possess constant and variable elements. A partitioning technique is employed that separates the constant portion from the variable part. A number of tests are developed to maintain an optimum bandwidth. The algorithm has been tested for several hundred sparse matrices and results show that an optimum bandwidth is maintained for the L/U decomposition of the matrix.
Using the Knowledge-and-Appraisal Personality Architecture to Predict Self-Efficacy within Individual Persons

The knowledge-and-appraisal personality architecture has potential as a theoretical framework for understanding the formation of self-efficacy in individuals. Two patterns were observed within 14 of 17 individual persons: a pattern of strong self-efficacy was displayed across outdoor recreation activities for which a self-descriptive attribute was viewed as an asset to successful performances, and a pattern of relatively weak self-efficacy was observed across outdoor recreation activities for which the same attribute was considered a hindrance to performances. Although the theory predicts self-efficacy within individuals, more research is needed to assess why the theory is not accurate in all cases.
Taphonomic evidence for site formation processes at fort Christanna

Fort Christanna was an early eighteenth century Indian trading post on the western frontier of Virginia. This paper describes and interprets the faunal remains recovered during three seasons of excavation at the site. Taxonomic and body part representation are examined to gain insight into diet on the frontier, food provisioning at the fort, and the relationship between the fort's occupants and the neighbouring Indian settlement. These interpretations are limited by the poor preservation apparent in the faunal assemblage. The patterning of a variety of different surface modifications is explored to understand the taphonomic history of the assemblage. These characteristics of the assemblage seem to be related largely to the bone refuse disposal practices of the fort's occupants, and thus give important insight into a crucial aspect of the site formation processes.
Disrupted Routines: Team Learning and New Technology Implementation in Hospitals:

This paper reports on a qualitative field study of 16 hospitals implementing an innovative technology for cardiac surgery. We examine how new routines are developed in organizations in which existing routines are reinforced by the technological and organizational context All hospitals studied had top-tier cardiac surgery departments with excellent reputations and patient outcomes yet exhibited striking differences in the extent to which they were able to implement a new technology that required substantial changes in the operating-room-team work routine. Successful implementers underwent a qualitatively different team learning process than those who were unsuccessful. Analysis of qualitative data suggests that implementation involved four process steps: enrollment, preparation, trials, and reflection. Successful implementers used enrollment to motivate the team, designed preparatory practice sessions and early trials to create psychological safety and encourage new behaviors, and promoted shared meaning a...
Overwintering Sites of Iris yellow spot virus and Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Colorado

Abstract. Iris yellow spot virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus) and its insect vector, onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, are of economic concern worldwide in regions where onions (Allium cepa L.) are grown. Several weed species have been described as additional hosts and likely green bridges for survival of Iris yellow spot virus, however, there is little work regarding the overwintering habits and potential of onion thrips as a source of inoculum during the following season. The results of this work confirm onion thrips and Iris yellow spot virus presence near three Colorado onion fields throughout the winter, onion thrips reproduction on six non-allium plant species, and larval acquisition of Iris yellow spot virus from two non-allium plant species. Thrips were monitored by sticky traps during the winter months from 2011 to 2013. Thrips activity seemed to cease when the average temperature was cooler than 0°C and resumed once the average temperature warmed above 0°C. Onion cull piles were c...
Early phenotypic changes in hypertension: a role for the autonomic nervous system and heredity.

Although hypertension is a common trait, its etiology and pathogenesis are not well understood. Despite the increasing understanding of rare Mendelian forms of hypertension,1 the common variety of hypertension is likely to be a complex trait,2 with both hereditary and environmental determination. In the face of significant heritability yet uncertain mode of inheritance, a useful strategy may be to establish so-called “intermediate phenotypes” (Figure)3: ideally, simple Mendelian or monogenic traits that are associated with hypertension. The disorder may result from alterations in more than one gene, as well as different genes in subgroups of hypertensive subjects; hence, a particular intermediate phenotype may be present in all or only in a subgroup of essential hypertensives. Such a monogenic trait might be more directly determined by the action of a particular gene and, hence, subject to less environmental influence than a complex phenotype such as blood pressure. Thus, an intermediate phenotype might be helpful in identifying those offspring of essential hypertensives who have inherited susceptibility alleles predisposing them to later development of hypertension. The intermediate phenotype concept in hypertension. Evidence is accumulating for alteration of autonomic function in essential hypertension, especially activation of the sympathetic nervous system,3 which may be involved in not only the genesis of blood …
The Use of Fly Ash in Diets of Cage and Floor Broilers

Three experiments were conducted to compare limestone to fly fly ash from a coal-fired generator station as a calcium source for broilers. In Experiment 1, 5 male and 5 female broiler chicks were placed in each of 32 cages. Sixteen cages of birds were fed a ration with limestone supplying 30% of the total calcium and 16 cages were fed a ration with 30% of the total calcium supplied by fly ash. The total calcium and phosphorus levels of the rations were 1.0% and .5% respectively. In this experiment no significant difference (P < .05) was found for 8-week body weight between diets where the added calcium was from limestone or fly ash. In Experiment 2 a group of 40 male and 40 female cage reared broilers and 40 male and 40 female floor reared broilers were fed a basal diet of limestone providing 33% of the total calcium. Three diets with increasing fly ash levels were fed to three cage groups of 40 male and 40 female broilers providing 33, 46, and 45% of the total calcium of .9, 1.1, and 1.8%, respectively. Broilers fed the highest fly ash level weighed significantly less (P < .05) at 8 weeks than the caged controls but did not differ from the other treatments. Bone breaking strength as measured by the Allo Kramer Shear Press was similar between the basal and low level fly ash group and increased with higher fly fly ash levels. Humerus and radius bone strength were greatest in floor broilers when compared with cage broilers. Tibia ash content of the floor-reared broilers and higher fly ash level of caged broilers were similar and greater than that of the basal cage group. Humerus and radius ash content were higher for the higher calcium groups. In Experiment 3 four groups of 40 male broilers in cages were fed limestone diets with graded levels of limestone for the calcium source. Another four groups of 40 caged male broilers were fed fly ash diets with equivalent graded levels of fly ash for the calcium source. Both limestone and fly ash diets provided .17, .34, .51, and .68% calcium of a total calcium content of .28, .45, .62 and .79%, respectively. The four limestone groups exhibited a definite linear improvement in both 3-week body weight and bone weight (tibia and femur combined) as the dietary calcium level was upgraded. The two low fly ash groups were similar in body and bone weight to their counterpart limestone groups, but further increases in the fly ash component did not improve body or bone weight. Bone ash values for both limestone and fly ash groups showed a similar improvement with each calcium increase, except the high value for the second level of fly ash.
Partially coherent illumination in full-field interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy

A model is developed for optical coherence tomography and interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy (ISAM) systems employing full-field frequency-scanned illumination with partial spatial coherence. This model is used to derive efficient ISAM inverse scattering algorithms that give diffraction-limited resolution in regions typically regarded as out of focus. Partial spatial coherence of the source is shown to have the advantage of mitigating multiple-scattering effects that can otherwise produce significant artifacts in full-field coherent imaging.
On the measurement of currents for real-time applications: An overview

The greatest benefit of some of the new current measurement techniques being developed may not be in the areas of improved accuracy or handling the dynamics better; it may simply be in their ability to avoid many of the problems that cause so much inconvenience and expense when using conventional methods. Some of these new techniques are either land-based or installed in the water at the edge of a waterway, and thus are no more difficult to maintain than a tide gage. Such techniques are, therefore, appropriate for permanent real-time systems in harbors and estuaries. In this paper various current measurement techniques are looked at from the point of view of their usefulness in real-time harbor applications. Various techniques for real-time applications over the continental shelf are also discussed.
Transforming growth factor beta-regulated gene expression in a mouse mammary gland epithelial cell line

Background Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays an essential role in a wide array of cellular processes. The most well studied TGF-β response in normal epithelial cells is growth inhibition. In some cell types, TGF-β induces an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). NMuMG is a nontransformed mouse mammary gland epithelial cell line that exhibits both a growth inhibitory response and an EMT response to TGF-β, rendering NMuMG cells a good model system for studying these TGF-β effects.
An Efficient Dipole-Moment-Based Method of Moments (MoM) Formulation

In this chapter, we present a technique for efficient derivation of the Method of Moments (MoM) matrix elements arising in radiation and scattering problems. The proposed method is designed to overcome some of the limits of the conventional MoM formulation, and it aims to provide a robust as well as efficient MoM-based approach. The chapter will begin by introducing a formulation based on the use of Dipole Moment (DM)-type of basis functions, and goes on to present the closed-form expressions for the fields radiated by the employed basis functions.
The Computational Power of Bounded Arithmetic from the Predicative Viewpoint

This paper considers theories of bounded arithmetic which are predicative in the sense of Nelson, that is, theories which are interpretable in Robinson’s Q . We give a nearly exact characterization of functions which can be total in predicative bounded theories. As an upper bound, any such function has polynomial growth rate and its bit-graph is in nondeterministic exponential time and in co-nondeterministic exponential time. In fact, any function uniquely defined in a bounded theory of arithmetic lies in this class. Conversely, any function which is in this class (provably in I∆0 + exp) can be uniquely defined and total in a (predicative) bounded theory of arithmetic.
Comparative study of rabbit hemolysins to various antigens. I. Hemolysins to beef red cells.

or different physical properties. In the first part of this comparative study I have attempted to ascertain the physical and serological relationships of rabbit antisheep isophile hemolysins to rabbit hemolysins produced by immunizing with beef red cells. In the second part I have attempted to ascertain the degree of similarity of rabbit antisheep Forssman hemolysins and rabbit hemolysins produced by immunizing with Forssman antigen from guinea pig kidney and type A human red cells. A general objective was to extend the results obtained by Talmage, Taliaferro and their associates. These workers found
A Review of “The Great Black Spider on Its Knock-Kneed Tripod”: Michael Syrimis. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012. 357 pp.

The technological modernization that characterized the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century occurred in Italy during a vibrant cultural climate represented by th...
WORSENING RISK FACTORS BUT IMPROVED EVIDENCE BASED MEDICAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING STRESS TESTING: INSIGHTS FROM A 220,000 PATIENT REGISTRY

Mortality from coronary disease in the U.S. has decreased in recent decades. We sought to evaluate the temporal trends in cardiac risk factors (RF) and medical therapy among 223,707 patients (pts) referred for stress testing over a 25 year period. All pts who had a stress test (exercise ECG, stress
Non-Destructive Detection of Defects in Composite Boat Hulls

This paper demonstrates use of thermal imaging for nondestructive defect detection in a composite boat hull which covers a large area. There is a strong demand in the boat industry for a non-destructive method that can detect defects such as delamination, voids of air or fluid, cracks, acid, dry mat, and carbon fiber. These defects are always difficult to detect as they occur inside the walls of the boat. Currently, ultrasound and manual inspection methods are used to identify these defects. The manual checking technique is unscientific; furthermore the ultrasound method is not acceptable due to unsatisfactory results. Thermal imaging involves detecting infra-red radiation from a hot body; this is captured by a thermal imaging camera. A thermal heat gun is used to heat the walls of the boat hull. After heating for a specific time period, the walls of the boat start emitting radiation. Dry void attains the highest peak intensity value for short time heating followed by Acid. Other defects like carbon fiber, delamination, and dry mat took longer time to attain higher intensity value. The decay of radiations is also different for various types of defects. The maximum intensity decay occurs for dry void as compared to other defects. From the results obtained so far, it can be inferred that thermal imaging can distinctly differentiate the different kinds of defects, as well as the unaffected areas of the boat wall.© 2011 ASME
Bleaching of visual pigment in steady illumination. A model and a derivation of empirical parameters.

The interaction of light and visual pigment is modeled in terms of a three component process, as in Leibovic and Kurtz (1974), but extended to continuous illumination. Based on the model, it is possible to deduce some of the rate constants from first principles and to derive a value for the empirically known light intensity to bleach half the pigment.
Anemia Associated With a Jejunal Diverticulum

Although jejunal diverticula are rare and seldom bleed, they occasionally are responsible for hypochromic anemia. Roentgenographs study of the small bowel may reveal such lesions in cases of unexplained iron-deficiency anemia.In the case reported here, it appears that bleeding from a solitary jejunal diverticulum was sufficient to cause anemia.Diligent search will reveal a source of blood loss in nearly all cases of hypochromic anemia.
STUDY ON THE ADSORBING BEHAVIORS OF METHANOL AN ISOBUTYLENE ON MODIFIED-β ZEOLITE

The behaviors of methanol and isobutylene adsorbed over a modified-( z eolite catalyst were studied by the transient response method in a chromatogram- reactor. The experimental results showed that: the adsorption of methanol and is obutylene conform to Elovich equation. The adsorption quantity of methanol was b igger than that of isobutylene, but the adsorption rate was slower. The adsorpti on kinetics of MeOH and IB were studied also. The activation energy of adsorptio n were obtained: EαMeOH=4156+aq and EαIB=10247+aq respectively. The prediction of relative adsorption quantity showed that the qMeOH/qIB changed from 6.1 to 4 .6 when temperature inceased from 288K to 383K. The result proved the adsorption of methanol is strong. It can be explained that the higher selectivity to MTBE synthesized from MeOH and IB over zeolite catalysts is due to the higher relativ e adsorption quantity of methanol on the surface of zeolitse. These results were important for determining the mechanism of MTBE synthesis from MeOH and IB as w ell as developing the reaction kinetics.
An Analysis of the Relativity of the Expansion of Postgraduate Enrollment to the Quality of Postgraduates

The objective of postgraduate education is to cultivate people with professional skill who have rich professional knowledge of theory are able to adapt to the demand for professional development which is a important measure to carry out the policy of revitalizing the nation with scientific education. However, with the large expansion of postgraduate enrollment in recent years, the quality of postgraduate is getting lower and lower. Therefore, it is necessary to study the issue of the relativity of the quality of postgraduates though data analyses.
HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME.

It is suggested that the hemolytic uremic syndrome is common to a number of morbid conditions and is not a new entity. Three illustrative cases are presented, all of them fatal. Necropsy revealed diverse pathologic processes (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, acute glomerulonephritis with pyelonephritis, malignant hypertension). In the management of the renal insufficiency, especially in patients whose renal lesions may be reversible, dialysis may be more beneficial than a conservative program.