cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Upset Over Sexual versus Emotional Infidelity Among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Adults.

One hypothesis derived from evolutionary perspectives is that men are more upset than women by sexual infidelity and women are more upset than men by emotional infidelity. The proposed explanation is that men, in contrast to women, face the risk of unwittingly investing in genetically unrelated offspring. Most studies, however, have relied on small college or community samples of heterosexual participants. We examined upset over sexual versus emotional jealousy among 63,894 gay, lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual participants. Participants imagined which would upset them more: their partners having sex with someone else (but not falling in love with them) or their partners falling in love with someone else (but not having sex with them). Consistent with this evolutionary perspective, heterosexual men were more likely than heterosexual women to be upset by sexual infidelity (54 vs. 35 %) and less likely than heterosexual women to be upset by emotional infidelity (46 vs. 65 %). This gender difference emerged across age groups, income levels, history of being cheated on, history of being unfaithful, relationship type, and length. The gender difference, however, was limited to heterosexual participants. Bisexual men and women did not differ significantly from each other in upset over sexual infidelity (30 vs. 27 %), regardless of whether they were currently dating a man (35 vs. 29 %) or woman (28 vs. 20 %). Gay men and lesbian women also did not differ (32 vs. 34 %). The findings present strong evidence that a gender difference exists in a broad sample of U.S. adults, but only among heterosexuals.
Calcium-induced potassium pathway in sided erythrocyte membrane vesicles.

Abstract We have characterized the asymmetric effect of Ca2+ on passive K+ permeability in erythrocyte membranes, using inside out and right-side out vesicles. Ca2+, but not Mg2+, can induce an increase in K+ uptake in inside out vesicles. The half-maximal concentration of Ca2+ required to induce the K+ uptake is 0.2 mM, and the permeability increase is not specific for K+. Thus, the Ca2+-induced permeation process in inside out vesicles is changed from that in the energy-depleted intact cell which requires only micromolar concentrations of Ca2+ and is specific for K+. Removal of spectrin had no effect on the vesicle permeability increase due to Ca2+. Studies with N- ethylmaleimide show that the vesicle channel opening is mediated by a protein and passage is controlled by sulfhydryl groups; furthermore, the Ca2+-induced vesicle pathway is distinct from the normal channel for passive K+ leak in the absence of Ca2+. The protein is sensitive to its phospholipid environment since removal of easily accessible phospholipid head groups on the cytoplasmic face of the vesicles inhibits the Ca2+-stimulated channel opening.
pH Effects in the Radiolysis of Aquo-Organic Systems

ln the radiolysis of air-free solutions of organic substances, G(H/sub 2/) generally decreases with increasing pH. In the formic acid systems, both G(H/sub 2/) and G(CO/sub 2/) decrease, and G(CO/sub 2/) approaches zero at pH values above 7. Oxalic acid becomes the major product in alkaline solution. Studies of the systems (I) 0.1 M HCOONa-0.0l M NaHC/sup 14/O/sub 3/ (II) 0.1 M HC/sup 14/OONa-0.01 M NaHCO/sub 3/ show that the oxalate does not arise through reduction of carbonate by H atoms or by solvated electrons. A mechanism for water decomposition involving the hydride ion, H-, is given. (auth)
Statistical Inverse Discrete Cosine Transforms for Image Compression

The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) has been applied to image and image sequence compression to decorrelate the picture data before quantization. This decorrelation results in many of the quantized transform coefficients equaling zero, hence the compression gain. For the decoder, the very few, sparsely populated, non-zero transform coefficient can be utilized for great speed-up in the inverse DCT. This paper describes and compares two styles of implementations of fast inverse DCTs for sparse data. The first implementation that we call the symmetric mapped inverse DCT is based on the forward mapped inverse DCT, but our implementation is up to three times faster. The second implementation is based on a scaled inverse DCT, with detection of zero values. Both implementations are tested for speed against other algorithms, under varying degrees of DCT coefficient sparseness.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Moving as a gift: relocation in older adulthood.

Abstract While discussions of accessibility, mobility and activities of daily living frame relocation studies, in older adulthood, the paper explores the emotional motivation of gift giving as a rationale for moving. This ethnographic study investigates the processes of household disbandment and decision-making of older adults in the Midwestern United States relocating in post-Global Financial Crisis contexts. In this study, relationships are created and sustained through the process of moving, linking older adults ( n = 81), their kin ( n = 49), and professionals ( n = 46) in the Midwestern United States. Using Marcel Mauss' The Gift (1925/1990) as a theoretical lens, relocation in older adulthood is conceptualized as a gift in two ways: to one's partner, and one's kin. Partners may consider gift-giving in terms of the act of moving to appease and honor their partner. Kin who were not moving themselves were also recipients of the gift of moving. These gifts enchain others in relationships of reciprocity. However these gifts, like all gifts, are not without costs or danger, so this paper examines some of the challenges that emerge along with gift-giving.
The implantation chamber, blastocyst and blastocyst imprint of the rat: A scanning electron microscope study†

Splitting the uterus longitudinally through implanatation sites makes it possible to obtain access to blastocysts and implantation chambers during stages of implanatation of the blastocyst in the rat. On the afternoon of day 5 of pregnancy, blastocysts lie in a shallow antimesometrial depression and tend to fall free of the uterus when the chamber is opened. On day 6, blastocysts are oriented in a mesonmetrial-antimesometrial plane, occupy a distinct implantatopm chamber, and tend to adhere to one side or the other of the uterus, leaving an imprint on the contralateral side. After about noon of day 6, some of the blastocysts split in half laterally, and by day 7 all blastocysts which are exposed are split. In addition to demonstrating increased adhesion of blastocyst to uterine epithelium, the procedure clearly shows the progressive elongation of the imlantation chamber. The embrvonic cell mass is specifically oriented on day 6, and is clasped but not distorted, whereas the abembryonic trophoblast is slightly compressed and indented by the uterine epithelium. The microvilli of the uterine epithelium within the imprint become progressively flattened when compared to the microvilli of the implantation chamber outside of the imprint. The method provides a means of gaining direct access to the surface of uterine epithelium precisely where it has been in association with the blastocyst not only for scanning electron microscopy but also for studies of the properties of the surface constituents.
The Management of Spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract Spasticity, defined as a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes, is common in patients with multiple sclerosis due to plaque formation in the brain and spinal cord. Treatment of spasticity is generally considered when the increase in tone interferes with functional activities, such as bed or wheelchair positioning, transfers, ambulation, or daily care; when it is painful; or when it leads to complications such as contractures or skin breakdown. This paper reviews the pathophysiology of spasticity and discusses treatment options, including general medical and nursing cares, physical and occupational therapy approaches, use of splints and orthoses, oral and intrathecal medications, nerve blocks, botulinum toxin injections, and orthopedic and neurosurgical procedures.
Late Quaternary vegetation history of southeast Africa: The molecular isotopic record from Lake Malawi

Abstract Accurate reconstructions of past hydrological variability are essential for understanding the climate history of the tropics. In tropical Africa, the relative proportion of vegetation utilizing the C3 vs. C4 photosynthetic pathway is mainly controlled by precipitation and thus past hydrological changes can be inferred from the vegetation record. In this study, biomarkers of terrestrial plants (lignin phenols and plant leaf wax carbon isotopes) are examined from a well-dated sedimentary record from Lake Malawi to provide a vegetation (aridity) record of the past 23 cal ka from southeast Africa. We suggest that the ratio of cinammyl to vanillyl (C/V) lignin phenols in Lake Malawi sediments mainly reflects inputs of C3 trees (woody tissue) vs. C4 grasses (non-woody tissue) and find that changes in the C/V ratio generally support variability noted in the n-alkane carbon isotope record. Together, these records provide evidence for increased C4 vegetation (grasses) surrounding Lake Malawi during Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the Younger Dryas, in the early Holocene, and from ~ 2 cal ka to the present, suggesting drier conditions at these times. Elevated inputs of C3 vegetation are noted in the intervals from ~ 17–13.6 cal ka and ~ 7.7–2 cal ka, indicating wet conditions in southeast Africa. A relationship is noted between the n-alkane average chain length (ACL) and temperature, with longer ACLs associated with higher temperatures. Higher n-alkane carbon preference index (CPI) values correlate with higher mass accumulation rates of biogenic silica and may result from periodic increased northerly winds over Lake Malawi, which enhance upwelling and diatom productivity while simultaneously increasing erosion and transport of plant leaf waxes to the lake. The molecular data produced in this study suggest that the carbon isotopic signature of bulk sediment (δ13CTOC) in Lake Malawi is primarily a reflection of terrestrial inputs (C3 vs. C4 vegetation) and may not mainly reflect changes in algal productivity, as previously thought.
Energy Coupling in Escherichia coli DNA Gyrase: the Relationship between Nucleotide Binding, Strand Passage, and DNA Supercoiling†

Binding of the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue 5‘-adenylyl-β,γ-imidodiphosphate (ADPNP) to Escherichia coli DNA gyrase can lead to a limited noncatalytic supercoiling of DNA. Here we examine the efficiency of coupling between ADPNP binding and the change in linking number either of positively or negatively supercoiled plasmid DNA or of small DNA circles. The coupling efficiency varies from 100% (ΔLk = −2 per gyrase tetramer, a stoichiometry of 1) with positively supercoiled substrates under certain reaction conditions to an undetectably low value with moderately negatively supercoiled substrates (σ = −0.046) or small circular substrates. Furthermore, the rate of ADPNP binding to the gyrase−DNA complex is also dependent on the topological state of the DNA; the previously observed slow binding of ADPNP to the complex of gyrase with linear DNA is accelerated 16-fold when the substrate DNA is negatively supercoiled, suggesting a functional interaction between the nucleotide-binding and DNA-binding domains which ...
Physical foundations of quantum theory: Stochastic formulation and proposed experimental test

The time-dependent Schrodinger equation has been derived from three assumptions within the domain of classical and stochastic mechanics. The continuity equation isnot used in deriving the basic equations of the stochastic theory as in the literature. They are obtained by representing Newton's second law in a time-inversion consistent equation. Integrating the latter, we obtain the stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The Schrodinger equation is a result of a transformation of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and linearization by assigning the arbitrary constant ħ=2mD. An experiment is proposed to determine ħ and to test a hypothesis of the theory directly. A mathematical apparatus is formulated from the Jacobian formalism to derive physical parameters from ψ(x, t) and to obtain operators for the boundary cases of the theory. The operator formalisms are compared by means of a well-known solution in the quantum theory.
Determinants of miniprotein stability: can anything replace a buried H-bonded Trp sidechain?

A novel 20-residue fold, designated the `Trp-cage' motif, hasbeen shown to be 98+% folded in both water and 30 vol-%trifluoroethanol solution. Folding is cooperative andhydrophobically driven, resulting in the burial of the Trpsidechain and a stable H-bond from the Trp-eNH to a sequenceremote backbone carbonyl. In the present study the effects ofreplacing the Trp with His, Phe and both isomers of β-naphthylalanine are examined. The results suggest that thehydrophobic cluster is a specific interaction of proline ringswith the indole ring which can be partially mimicked by anaphthalene ring. The His and Phe mutants are completelyunfolded in aqueous medium. The naphthylalanine mutants forma stable hydrophobic cluster in 30% trifluoroethanol, but areless stable in water than the native structure.
Adenoidcystic Carcinoma (Cylindroma) of the Parotid Gland

Adenoidcystic carcinoma or cylindroma of the parotid gland is a slow-growing, relentless, and often lethal disease which kills usually by local occurrence and direct extension of the disease. The reported incidence of adenoidcystic carcinoma with reference to other parotid malignancies varies from 5% to 37%. The incidence in this series is 36%. The presence of facial nerve involvement adversely affects the long-term survival. Some authors regard facial nerve involvement as an indication of noncurability. The incidence of local pain is reported to be as high as 50% and is thought to be caused by perineural invasion by the tumor. This is well-documented histopathologically. There is no uniform or standard treatment for this disorder. Extensive resection of the parotid gland (including the facial nerve if there is any indication of involvement), followed by external irradiation to the parotid area and upper neck is the most rational approach to the problem. This is supported both in the review of the literature and from the present series. A radical neck dissection is not included as part of initial therapy unless there are clinically suspicious cervical nodes. Postoperative radiotherapy appears indicated in all cases of adenoidcystic carcinoma of the parotid gland. Four case histories are presented which demonstrate the hallmark characteristics of the disease, i.e. multiple cranial nerve deficits, facial pain and subsequent death by direct intracranial extension of disease. The protracted, relentless course of the disease is well-documented in one case in which 25 local recurrences developed over an 18-year period.
Telomere Rapid Deletion Regulates Telomere Length in Arabidopsis thaliana

Telomere length is maintained in species-specific equilibrium primarily through a competition between telomerase-mediated elongation and the loss of terminal DNA through the end-replication problem. Recombinational activities are also capable of both lengthening and shortening telomeres. Here we demonstrate that elongated telomeres in Arabidopsis Ku70 mutants reach a new length set point after three generations. Restoration of wild-type Ku70 in these mutants leads to discrete telomere-shortening events consistent with telomere rapid deletion (TRD). These findings imply that the longer telomere length set point is achieved through competition between overactive telomerase and TRD. Surprisingly, in the absence of telomerase, a subset of elongated telomeres was further lengthened, suggesting that in this background a mechanism of telomerase-independent lengthening of telomeres operates. Unexpectedly, we also found that plants possessing wild-type-length telomeres exhibit TRD when telomerase is inactivated. TRD is stochastic, and all chromosome ends appear to be equally susceptible. The frequency of TRD decreases as telomeres shorten; telomeres less than 2 kb in length are rarely subject to TRD. We conclude that TRD functions as a potent force to regulate telomere length in Arabidopsis.
TRANSPOSITION OF PROBABILITY MATCHING IN PIGEONS.

Summary.-Four pigeons were trained to match reinforcement probability of two discs illumined with different degrees of brightness. After Ss had reached the prescribed experimental criterion, the dimmer of the rwo discs was now made the brighter of the two. In this way, transposition of the probability matching response was investigated. All animals showed this transposition. It was concluded that rhe probabiliry matching response in pigeons was a fairly stable response, and that it could be transposed to other levels of discrimination, especially when degrees of brightness were used as the discrimination problem. Organisms along the phylogenetic scale have been used for the study of habit reversal. In mammals, habit reversal seems to be a well-established fact. In submammalian organisms, however, negative evidence has sometimes been apparent. This evidence was summarized by Datta, Milstein, and Bicterman (1960). In a significant srudy, performed by Bullock and Bicterman (1962a), it was pointed out that the conflicting evidence in s~~brnammalian organisms was probably due to varying experimental procedures used by different invescigators. In that very same paper, the authors described the design of a "guidance procedure" which would "force" the organism to make a choice controlled by the experimental arrangement. The results of the Bullock and Bitcerman study indicated that (1 ) pigeons would learn habit reversal under certain specified experimental conditions, and (2) a 6-sec. time-out (TO) interval following incorrect choices with a subsequenc presentation of the correct choice only, was maximum in producing the desired habit reversal. In a subsequenc paper, Bullock and Bitterman (1362b) described the application of this guidance procedure to the problem of probability matching in pigeons. Their major findings indicated that pigeons could learn rather readily to match the reinforcing rob abilities of two colored discs when trained under the guidance procedure. This finding was in marked contrast to the results of earlier studies which used monkeys and rats. These latter animals tended to maxlmlze, i.e., to select the more frequently reinforced stimulus when no guidance procedure was used. In the Bullock and Bitcerman study (1962b), the discrimination problem required distinguishing between two colors (red and yellow), randomly presented an equal percentage of times in a spatial arrangement. The purpose of the study described here was to investigate the possibility of transposition of such a ~robabilit~ matching response. It can be seen clearly that without elaborate equipment, color could not be used as a discrimination problem in this instance. Therefore, in this srudy, brighcness alone was used as the discrimina
Dogmatism and the movie "Dr. Strangelove".

Rokeach and his associates have developed the Dogmatism Scale to measure individual differences in openness or closedness of belief systems. The closedminded (dogmatic) person should show, among other characteristics, an overreliance on authority, a relatively narrow funue-oriented time perspective, a high magnitude of rejection of disbelief subsystems, and a perception of the world as threatening. It was predicted that open-minded Ss would rate the movie Dr. Strangelove, or how I learned to to@ worrying and lope the bomb as better than would closedminded Ss. The movie is a nightmare comedy which deals with our accidental dropping of the bomb on Russia and the subsequent extinction of life on earth. It swings into sacred cows and paints clown faces on the soberest of our leaders. The president of the U. S. is a good-hearted ninny, the head of rhe joint chiefs of staff is a loud-mouthed, ignorant bully, and the most esteemed scientific mind attached to the pentagon is an ex-Nazi. This brilliant satire shows the almost ridiculous position of humanity in its terribly complex life and death affair with the bomb. Ss came from the 12% extremes of 418 Dogmatism Scales which were administered in general psychology classes.Yhe movie was rated on a five-point scale consisting of: 1. very good, 2. above average, 3. average, 4. below average, and 5. very poor. The 18 open-minded Ss had a mean of 2.17 and the 14 closedminded Ss had a mean of 2.86. This yielded a difference significant at the .05 level, when the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance test was applied. These results support the validity of the Dogmatism Scale.
"Rehearsing" according to artificially generated rehearsal patterns: An analysis of active rehearsal

In order to examine directly the relationship between rehearsal strategies and recall performance, a “read aloud” procedure was developed such that subjects could “rehearse” by reading aloud specially prepared rehearsal protocols. With this procedure, it was possible to vary the degree of rehearsal activity represented in rehearsal, as measured by the number of different items rehearsed together, while holding constant the actual frequency of item rehearsal. The data indicated that, even with rehearsal frequency equated, increases in rehearsal activity were associated with increases in recall. There was, however, a boundary condition to this rehearsal-activity/recall relationship, such that rehearsing six or seven items together did not result in performance superior to that obtained when three or four items were rehearsed together. In addition, the equivalence of the recall of control subjects who rehearsed themselves and of the recall of those who read the rehearsal protocols of others suggests that item retrieval is probably not an essential component of active rehearsal.
Minimum-cost loading of transformers

A POWER TRANSFORMER can be loaded for minimum cost per kva. Costs to be considered are the capital costs of interest, insurance, and taxes, as well as the operating costs of depreciation, losses, and maintenance. All these costs can be related to loading if an adjusted transformer rating is used. This adjusted rating is the peak load to be allowed before additional capacity is provided.
Surface studies of composition and water adsorption in Na β-alumina crystals and electrolytes

Abstract The surfaces of Na s-alumina crystals and Na s-, β′'-alumina electrolytes have been investigated with particle accelerator methods. Impurities in the outer surface layers were characterized with Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and variations in the chemical composition in the near-surface with nuclear reaction analysis. The concentration of Na s-alumina, Na s″ -alumina and sodium impurities in the near-surface was determined from measurements of sodium density profiles and the concentration of water and hydroxyl groups from measurements of hydrogen concentration profiles. The structure and composition of the surfaces are substantially different from the interiors. The chemical composition of the near-surfaces of ceramic tubes depends on the chemical content of the powder used to make the tube, the sintering atmosphere, and reactions with atmospheric water vapor. Several grain diameters below the surface, the ceramics are dense homogeneous mixtures of Na s-alumina and Na s″-alumina crystallites. The outer surface layers are contaminated with impurities with high sodium and hydrogen content, and the conduction planes in the electrolyte grains at the surface are nearly saturated with intercalated water. Measurements of water diffusion at room temperature and water desorption at elevated temperature are reported for a Na s-alumina crystal and a Na s- β″-alumina ceramic.
On the Queue-Overflow Probability of Wireless Systems: A New Approach Combining Large Deviations With Lyapunov Functions

In this paper, we study the queue-overflow probability of wireless scheduling algorithms. In wireless networks operated under queue-length-based scheduling algorithms, there often exists a tight coupling between the service-rate process, the system backlog process, the arrival process, and the stochastic process governing channel variations. Although one can use sample-path large-deviation techniques to form an estimate of the queue-overflow probability, the formulation leads to a difficult multidimensional calculus-of-variations problem. In this paper, we present a new technique to address this complexity issue. Using ideas from the Lyapunov function approach in control theory, this technique maps the complex multidimensional calculus-of-variations problem to a 1-D calculus-of-variations problem, and the latter is often much easier to solve. Further, under appropriate conditions, we show that when a scheduling algorithm minimizes the drift of a Lyapunov function at each point of every fluid sample path, the algorithm will be optimal in the sense that it maximizes the asymptotic decay rate of the probability that the Lyapunov function value exceeds a given threshold. We believe that these results can potentially be used to study the queue-overflow probability of a large class of wireless scheduling algorithms and to design new scheduling algorithms with optimal overflow probabilities.
Isolation of human and porcine islets of Langerhans and islet transplantation in pigs.

Abstract Using a modification of the collagenase digestion, Ficoll gradient separation technique, we isolated the islets of Langerhans from fresh human pancreata removed from braindead cadavers. Comparison of the tissue insulin/amylase ratios between whole pancreas and isolated material revealed a significant purification of islet from acinar tissue. Also, islets isolated by this technique, when incubated in vitro , incorporated radiolabeled amino acid precursors into acid-alcohol-soluble islet proteins, thus indicating their viability and protein hormonal synthesis capabilities. Pig pancreata were processed by a similar technique, and the isolated material was transplanted to pigs with diabetes induced by total pancreatectomy. The mean survival time of the 11 pancreatectomized pigs that received an islet transplant was 15.3 days, while 13 pancreatectomized control pigs had a mean survival time of 6.0 days. Control pigs had no detectable circulating insulin 2 days after pancreatectomy. The pancreatectomized pigs that received an islet transplant, although remaining hyperglycemic, had insulin levels ranging from 5 to 14 μU/ml for up to 25 days after transplantation. The present studies demonstrate the feasibility of an approach designed for our ultimate goal—the large scale isolation and transplantation of islets in man.
Tourism and social change in post-socialist Zanzibar: struggles for identity, movement and civilization

Tourism and social change in post-socialist Zanzibar (2013) by Keshodkar is a book focused on society in Zanzibar and the influence that tourism has had and continues to have as their society progr...
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance by Nuclear Induction: Theory and Experiment; with an Extension of the Theory to Absorption Methods

A theory is presented for nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) by means of nuclear induction and is extended to absorption methods. Based on the Bloch-type equations of Bloom, Robinson, and Volkoff, the theory is derived for the case $I=1$, $\ensuremath{\eta}=0$. For the induction method to work, a small magnetic field must remove the degeneracy of the $m=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ levels; in practice this is done by an audio-frequency modulation field. Phase-sensitive detection methods are then used to minimize noise. The theory predicts the effect of modulation field, static magnetic field, and rf field on the slow-passage induction signal. Theory and experiment agree that magnetic fields (modulating or static) broaden the line, but for low enough fields, the true NQR derivative line is observed. Sufficiently large static fields introduce complex structure into the line shape. The effect of rf is given by a modified form of the Bloembergen-Purcell-Pound saturation curves. Experiments on polycrystal hexamethylenetetramine yield good agreement with all aspects of the theory. The extension of the theory to single-coil (absorption) NQR methods predicts that sinusoidal magnetic modulation and phase-sensitive detection will produce zero signal in a single-coil experiment. In addition it yields the proper line shapes for Zeeman modulation and frequency modulation methods and predicts the effects of modulation amplitude and magnetic fields in both cases. A brief qualitative discussion of cases other than $I=1$, $\ensuremath{\eta}=0$ indicates that the induction method can be used for half-integral spins with any $\ensuremath{\eta}$, but that it is applicable to integral spins only when $\ensuremath{\eta}$ is small. In other words the induction method can be used for any case to which the Zeeman-modulated absorption method is applicable.
Dispersion coefficients for alkali-metal dimers.

Knowledge of the long-range interaction between atoms and molecules is of fundamental importance for low-energy and low-temperature collisions. The electronic interaction between the charge distributions of two ground-state alkali-metal atoms can be expanded in inverse powers of R, the internuclear distance. The coefficients ${\mathit{C}}_{6}$, ${\mathit{C}}_{8}$, and ${\mathit{C}}_{10}$ of, respectively, the ${\mathit{R}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$, ${\mathit{R}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}8}$, and ${\mathit{R}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}10}$ terms are calculated by integrating the products of the dynamic electric multipole polarizabilities of the individual atoms at imaginary frequencies, which are in turn obtained by solving two coupled inhomogeneous differential equations. Precise one-electron model potentials are developed to represent the motion of the valence electron in the field of the closed alkali-metal positive-ion core. The numerical results for the static multipole polarizabilities for the alkali-metal atoms and the coefficients ${\mathit{C}}_{6}$, ${\mathit{C}}_{8}$, and ${\mathit{C}}_{10}$ for homonuclear and heteronuclear alkali-metal diatoms are compared with other calculations.
CT Quantification of Epicardial Fat: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Epicardial fat, a local visceral fat depot around the heart, surrounds the coronary arteries for most of their course and may contribute to the development of coronary atherosclerosis through local production of inflammatory cytokines. Several studies which measured epicardial fat volume noninvasively from CT have shown a relationship of increased epicardial fat volume with coronary artery disease, the presence and progression of coronary plaque, major adverse cardiovascular events, myocardial ischemia, and atrial fibrillation. Noninvasive quantitative measurement of epicardial fat volume from CT is feasible, and may play a clinical role in cardiovascular risk assessment. The scientific evidence, to date, warrants larger studies with longer follow-up to further investigate the role of epicardial fat as an imaging marker with prognostic importance.
Detection of Anti-Gm1 Ganglioside Antibodies in Patients with Neuropathy by a Novel Latex Agglutination Assay

Abstract Highly elevated titers of serum anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies are closely associated with multifocal motor neuropathy, but low titers are commonly present in normal individuals or other diseases. Current systems for measuring anti-GM1 antibodies utilize the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in which serum dilutions are tested for binding to excess antigen immobilized on the surface of microwells. the ELISA system, however, is relatively time consuming, labor intensive, and costly, in addition to being prone to methodological variability. We have developed a novel agglutination assay for the detection of anti-GM1 antibodies, utilizing GM1 ganglioside-coated latex beads. in contrast to the ELISA system, antibody titers may be quantified by testing for agglutination using latex beads coated with decreasing amounts of antigen. the agglutination assay compares favorably to the ELISA system in sensitivity and specificity, but is considerably less costly and takes only a few minutes to perform.
Direct observation of twinning in tin lamellae

Abstract Lamellae of β-tin with 〈010〉 normals have been found to be suitable specimens for an electron microscopic study of twinning. The lamellae, formed by cellular precipitation in a lead-tin (5.5 at. %) alloy at room temperature, were isolated by chemical dissolution of the lead matrix. Twinning dislocations were observed on the incoherent boundary of a (301) deformation twin during its propagation in the lamella. The twinning dislocations tended to group together to appear as segments which had an average step height of 24 A and a (103) Burgers vector of 2.4 A. Under the beam action, the deformation twins were observed to nucleate heterogeneously from certain grain and twin boundaries, and to grow with a speed of about 200 A/see and 3 A/see in the longitudinal and normal direction respectively. The lamellae exhibited both growth twins and deformation twins. Both have 〈301〉 and (101) as the twinning plane. The (301) and (101) twins are reciprocals of each other. It is shown that when a twin intersects its reciprocal, a tilt type rotational relation exists. The equilibrium morphology of one such intersection has been studied to estimate the torque needed for rotating the coherent twin boundary.
Comparison of cupulometric and psychophysical thresholds for perception of rotation and the oculogyral illusion

The purpose of this study was to compare thresholds for angular acceleration derived by subjective cupulometry and by a staircase method. Thresholds for the perception of rotation and the oculogyral illusion were determined for 10 Os who were rotated about their vertical axis. The cupulometric thresholds were significantly higher, more variable, and not predictable from the staircase thresholds. Furthermore, cupulometry failed to distinguish between the thresholds for the perception of rotation and the oculogyral illusion, although both indicators functioned according to the prediction of the underlying linear model. Individual differences supported the general conclusion that cupulometric thresholds bear no relationship to the sensory threshold derived in a classical psychophysical manner.
Study of the phase behavior of Eu2O3 under pressure via luminescence of Eu3

Abstract We have investigated the phase transition of Eu 2 O 3 under pressure from a C-type b.c.c. structure to a B-type monoclinic structure by the luminescence spectra of the Eu 3+ ion. It is suggested that the luminescence from f—f transitions in Eu 3+ is very sensitive to the Eu 3+ ion environment and can be used as a spectral probe to identify the crystal structure. The C-to-B transition occurs at about 8.0 GPa and the B-type structure was retained after the pressure had been released. The transition thermodynamics and kinetics are discussed, and the entropy for the C-to-B transformation was estimated. It was concluded that the C type is the room temperature and pressure stable structure, whereas the B type is metastable at room temperature.
Nuclear trafficking of the human cytomegalovirus pp71 (ppUL82) tegument protein

The human cytomegalovirus tegument protein pp71 localizes to the nucleus immediately upon infection, and functions to initiate viral gene expression. Analysis of a series of random insertion mutations revealed that sequences within the mid region (MR) of pp71 are important for localization to the nucleus. Fusion of MR sequences with eGFP revealed that amino acids 94 to 300 were sufficient to target proteins to the nucleus. Random substitution mutagenesis within this domain resulted in two double substitution mutants, pp71P203T/T223M and pp71T228M/L275Q, with a predominantly cytoplasmic localization. Disruption of nuclear targeting resulted in relocalization of the fusion proteins to a distinct perinuclear region. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we determined that threonine 223 can be phosphorylated. Mutation of this residue to a phosphomimetic amino acid resulted in abrogation of nuclear targeting. These results strongly suggest that the intracellular trafficking of pp71 is regulated by phosphorylation.
Oxidative catabolism of uracil by Enterobacter aerogenes

The oxidative pathway of uracil catabolism was found to exist in Enterobacter aerogenes. When this bacterium was grown on a medium containing uracil as the sole nitrogen source, oxidative catabolism of uracil was shown by detection of the products barbituric acid, malonic acid and urea using thin-layer chromatography. The 2 enzyme activities associated with the oxidative catabolic pathway, uracil dehydrogenase and barbiturase, were measurable only when uracil served as the sole source of nitrogen for growth.
Gender As a Social Structure Theory Wrestling with Activism

In this article, the author argues that we need to conceptualize gender as a social structure, and by doing so, we can better analyze the ways in which gender is embedded in the individual, interactional, and institutional dimensions of our society. To conceptualize gender as a structure situates gender at the same level of general social significance as the economy and the polity. The author also argues that while concern with intersectionality must continue to be paramount, different structures of inequality have different constructions and perhaps different influential causal mechanisms at any given historical moment. We need to follow a both/and strategy to understand gender structure, race structure, and other structures of inequality as they currently operate while also systematically paying attention to how these axes of domination intersect. Finally, the author suggests we pay more attention to doing research and writing theory with explicit attention to how our work can indeed help transform as w...
The development of cooperation: five years of participatory design in the virtual school

During the past five years, our research group worked with a group of public school teachers to define, develop, and assess network-based support for collaborative learning in middle school physical science and high school physics. From the outset, we committed to a participatory design approach. This design collaboration has now existed far longer than is typical of participatory design endeavors, particularly in North America. The nature of our interactions, and in particular the nature of the role played by the teachers has changed significantly through the course of the project. We suggest that there may be a long-term developmental unfolding of roles and relationships in participatory design.
Influence of vegetation on SMOS mission retrievals

Abstract. Using the proposed Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission as a case study, this paper investigates how the presence and nature of vegetation influence the values of geophysical variables retrieved from multi-angle microwave radiometer observations. Synthetic microwave brightness temperatures were generated using a model for the coherent propagation of electromagnetic radiation through a stratified medium applied to account simultaneously for the emission from both the soil and any vegetation canopy present. The synthetic data were calculated at the look-angles proposed for the SMOS mission for three different soil-moisture states (wet, medium wet and dry) and four different vegetation covers (nominally grass, crop, shrub and forest). A retrieval mimicking that proposed for SMOS was then used to retrieve soil moisture, vegetation water content and effective temperature for each set of synthetic observations. For the case of a bare soil with a uniform profile, the simpler Fresnel model proposed for use with SMOS gave identical estimates of brightness temperatures to the coherent model. However, to retrieve accurate geophysical parameters in the presence of vegetation, the opacity coefficient (one of two parameters used to describe the effect of vegetation on emission from the soil surface) used within the SMOS retrieval algorithm needed to be a function of look-angle, soil-moisture status, and vegetation cover. The effect of errors in the initial specification of the vegetation parameters within the coherent model was explored by imposing random errors in the values of these parameters before generating synthetic data and evaluating the errors in the geophysical parameters retrieved. Random errors of 10% result in systematic errors (up to 0.5°K, 3%, and ~0.2 kg m-2 for temperature, soil moisture, and vegetation content, respectively) and random errors (up to ~2°K, ~8%, and ~2 kg m-2 for temperature, soil moisture and vegetation content, respectively) that depend on vegetation cover and soil-moisture status. Keywords: passive microwave, soil moisture, vegetation, SMOS, retrieval
Fish Gold Rush

Bailey provides a biologist's perspective on the rise of the world's most lucrative food fishery and its uncertain future.
A novel information entropy based randomness test for image encryption

In this paper, a new information entropy based randomness test for image encryption about is proposed. Unlike the conventional information entropy test working on the global image, the new proposed measurement focuses on local image blocks and calculates the sample mean of information entropy over a number of random selected image blocks within a test encrypted image. Reference values are mathematical derived from the ideally encrypted image model. As a result, the randomness of an encrypted image can be easily told by comparing the test values with theoretical ones. Ultimately, a hypothesis test to accept or reject an encrypted image is also derived to accept or reject the null hypothesis that ciphertext image is ideally encrypted/random-like with a significance level α. In such a way, the proposed block entropy test provides both quantitative and qualitative results for image encryption. Experimental results on existing image cipher show the effectiveness of the proposed test. The same idea can be also to other digital data, like videos or audios.
Electrochemical activity of glucose oxidase on a poly(ionic liquid) - Au nanoparticle composite.

Glucose oxidase (GOx) adsorbed on an ionic liquid-derived polymer containing internally organized columns of Au nanoparticles exhibits direct electron transfer and bioelectrocatalytic properties towards the oxidation of glucose. The cationic poly(ionic liquid) provides an ideal substrate for the electrostatic immobilization of GOx. The encapsulated Au nanoparticles serve to both promote the direct electron transfer with the recessed enzyme redox centers and impart electronic conduction to the composite, allowing it to function as an electrode for electrochemical detection.
Vibrational disequilibrium in bulk reaction systems

Abstract The time dependent moments of vibrational excitation of certain molecules formed by fast exothermic reactions can be measured directly from ultraviolet absorption continua without resolving the vibrational components individually. The method is applied to an analysis of the vibrational energy of ozone formed by recombination.
A precision energy measurement of the 125I gamma line

Abstract The energy of the gamma transition in the decay of 125 I was found to have the value of 35.4919(5) keV.
Interpretation of subbands of lactic dehydrogenase isozymes.

THE lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes of tissue homogenates have been found in some cases to exhibit a regularly increasing number of subbands progressing from isozymes 1 to 5 (that is, 1 isozyme 1, 2 subbands of isozyme 2, 3 subbands of isozyme 3, etc.1–4. Such subbands have frequently been interpreted on the basis of a mutant allele, which results in the synthesis of two types of the A subunits, of which isozyme 5 is composed (or of B subunits, of which isozyme 1 is composed, if the order of subbands is reversed). The hybridization of B subunits with two slightly different types of A subunits would account for the subband distributions observed2,3, and the presence of two allelic genes has been supported by genetic evidence3,4.
A Raman waveguide detector for liquid chromatography.

A novel real-time liquid core Raman waveguide detector designed for liquid chromatographic applications is described. The Raman waveguide detector provides enhanced selectivity over typical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detectors. The waveguide detector also greatly improves the sensitivity of a typical Raman measurement without resorting to surface enhancement or resonance approaches and is compatible with the typical peak width volumes eluted by microbore and minibore HPLC (packed 1-2-mm-i.d. columns). Detection limit enhancements of over 1000-fold have been achieved for the measurement of alcohols in the aqueous phase with the Raman cell utilizing liquid core waveguide technology. The liquid core waveguides demonstrated in this study were constructed using Teflon AF 2400 tubing with a refractive index of 1.29. The low refractive index of the polymer material allowed HPLC separations with Raman detection to be performed with an aqueous mobile phase. A calibration curve for aqueous solutions of 2-propanol was generated and a limit of detection (LOD) of 2 ppm was determined. The Raman waveguide detector is demonstrated for the HPLC analysis of alcohol test mixtures, with LODs in the low-ppm range at the detector. By coupling the temporal separation achieved by HPLC with the vibrational information gleaned from Raman detection, an information-rich multivariate data matrix is obtained that can be deconvoluted to provide chemical speciation even when the HPLC resolution is poor. In this paper, we will discuss the physical and optical design of the Raman waveguide detector and the demonstration of the detector for HPLC detection.
Web transaction analysis and optimization (TAO)

In the TAO project we develop metrics, models, and infrastructure to effectively manage the performance of Web applications. We use WebMon, a novel instrumentation tool to obtain profile data for web interactions, from end-user and system component perspectives. Our analysis techniques help determine important classes of web users and their transactions. The analysis is embedded in visualization and optimization modules, enabling efficient reporting for system and business administrators, and automated resource scheduling and planning. In this paper we present an overview of TAO, and highlight some of its novel aspects, e.g., use of pixel-bar charts, web request classification, and integrated demand and capacity planning.
Magic Spots Cast a Spell on DNA Primase

The bacterial signaling molecules ppGpp and pppGpp regulate transcription initiation in response to starvation by altering RNA polymerase activity. In this issue, Wang et al. (2007) show that (p)ppGpp also inhibits DNA replication elongation by interfering with DNA primase activity. Halting replication may help cells to maintain genomic integrity during periods of transient nutrient limitation.
Chemokines and cancer.

The chemokines are a superfamily of over 50 small proteins originally characterized by their role in the coordinated movement of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. Many of these molecules were id...