cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Baseline Corrections on Displacements and Response Spectra for Several Recordings of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake

Displacements derived from many of the accelerogram recordings of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake show drifts when only a simple baseline de- rived from the pre-event portion of the record is removed from the records. The appearance of the velocity and displacement records suggests that changes in the zero level of the acceleration are responsible for these drifts. The source of the shifts in zero level are unknown, but in at least one case it is almost certainly due to tilting of the ground. This article illustrates the effect on the ground velocity, ground dis- placement, and response spectra of several schemes for accounting for these baseline shifts. A wide range of final displacements can be obtained for various choices of baseline correction, and comparison with nearby GPS stations (none of which are colocated with the accelerograph stations) do not help in choosing the appropriate baseline correction. The results suggest that final displacements estimated from the records should be used with caution. The most important conclusion for earthquake engineering purposes, however, is that the response spectra for periods less than about 20 sec are usually unaffected by the baseline correction. Although limited to the analysis of only a small number of recordings, the results may have more general significance both for the many other recordings of this earthquake and for data that will be obtained in the future from similar high-quality accelerograph networks now being installed or soon to be installed in many parts of the world.
A Sampling System for Atmospheric HT and HTO

A system is briefly described, which is designed for the sampling of tritium gas (HT and T2) and tritiated water vapor in the air at levels far below MPC and down to present-day atmospheric background levels. The tritium gas is extracted from the air by catalytic combustion on Pd at ambient temperature. The resultant water is absorbed on molecular sieve carrying the Pd. The system is well suited for field work. Present-day world-wide HT levels are about 2.3 pCi/kg air, and the HTO levels about the same in the troposphere.
Placement and Routing for a Field Programmable Multi-Chip Module

Placement and routing heuristics for a Field Programmable Multi-Chip Module (FPMCM) are presented. The placement is done in three phases; partitioning, chip assignment and iterative improvement. The routing is done in two phases; global routing followed by detailed routing. Detailed routing involves new channel routing problems denoted by Exact Segmented Channel Routing (ESCR) and K-ESCR. A very fast K-ESCR heuristic is described. Experimental results show that the placement heuristic achieves high gate utilization, and that the K-ESCR heuristic performs surprisingly well over wide range of channel sizes.
Cloning and characterization of the endogenous cephalosporinase gene, cepA, from Bacteroides fragilis reveals a new subgroup of Ambler class A beta-lactamases.

Bacteroides frgiglis CS30 is a clinical isolate resistant to high concentrations of benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine but not to cephamycin or penem antibiotics. beta-Lactam resistance is mediated by a chromosomally encoded cephalosporinase produced at a high level. The gene encoding this beta-lactamase was cloned from genomic libraries constructed in Escherichia coli and then mated with B. fragilis 638 for identification of ampicillin-resistant (Apr) strains. Apr transconjugants contained a nitrocefin-reactive protein with the physical and enzymatic properties of the original CS30 isolate. The beta-lactamase gene (cepA) was localized by deletion analysis and subcloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The 903-bp cepA open reading frame encoded a 300-amino-acid precursor protein (predicted molecular mass 34 070 Da). A 13-lactamase-deficient mutant strain of B. fiugilis 638 was constructed by insertional inactivation with the cepA gene of CS30 demonstrating strict functional homology between these chromosomal beta-lactamase genes. An extensive comparison of the CepA protein sequence by alignment with other beta-lactamases revealed the strict conservation of at least four elements common to Ambler class A. A further comparison of the CepA protein sequence with protein sequences of beta-lactamases from two other Bacteroides species indicated that they constitute their own distinct subgroup of class A beta-lactamases. Originally published Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 37 No. 11 Nov 1993
Why is life expectancy declining among low-educated women in the United States?

The authors reflect on why life expectancy is declining among low-educated U.S. women. They suggest that while there is no consensus on why it is declining, proposed reasons include compositional changes among the women and the fact that formal education has become increasingly necessary for things such as income, marriage and employment. They argue that research needs to be conducted to investigate the factors which have led to a decline in life expectancy among low-educated women.
A porous tissue engineering scaffold selectively degraded by cell-generated reactive oxygen species.

Biodegradable tissue engineering scaffolds are commonly fabricated from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) or similar polyesters that degrade by hydrolysis. PLGA hydrolysis generates acidic breakdown products that trigger an accelerated, autocatalytic degradation mechanism that can create mismatched rates of biomaterial breakdown and tissue formation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key mediators of cell function in both health and disease, especially at sites of inflammation and tissue healing, and induction of inflammation and ROS are natural components of the in vivo response to biomaterial implantation. Thus, polymeric biomaterials that are selectively degraded by cell-generated ROS may have potential for creating tissue engineering scaffolds with better matched rates of tissue in-growth and cell-mediated scaffold biodegradation. To explore this approach, a series of poly(thioketal) (PTK) urethane (PTK-UR) biomaterial scaffolds were synthesized that degrade specifically by an ROS-dependent mechanism. PTK-UR scaffolds had significantly higher compressive moduli than analogous poly(ester urethane) (PEUR) scaffolds formed from hydrolytically-degradable ester-based diols (p < 0.05). Unlike PEUR scaffolds, the PTK-UR scaffolds were stable under aqueous conditions out to 25 weeks but were selectively degraded by ROS, indicating that their biodegradation would be exclusively cell-mediated. The in vitro oxidative degradation rates of the PTK-URs followed first-order degradation kinetics, were significantly dependent on PTK composition (p < 0.05), and correlated to ROS concentration. In subcutaneous rat wounds, PTK-UR scaffolds supported cellular infiltration and granulation tissue formation, followed first-order degradation kinetics over 7 weeks, and produced significantly greater stenting of subcutaneous wounds compared to PEUR scaffolds. These combined results indicate that ROS-degradable PTK-UR tissue engineering scaffolds have significant advantages over analogous polyester-based biomaterials and provide a robust, cell-degradable substrate for guiding new tissue formation.
The Response to Grace: Seventeenth-Century Sermons and the Idea of Thanksgiving

The thanksgiving sermons offered from Anglican and Puritan pulpits during the seventeenth century, particularly upon such special occasions as proclaimed by Parliament, often led the preacher to consider an important issue for all Reformation Protestants: the response to grace. Whether the specific event were the anniversary of the Spanish Armada, the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot, the defeat of royalist forces at Selby, or the victorious return of the West Indies fleet, the occurrence was interpretable as a special evidence of God's merciful grace. The preacher generally conceived his responsibility to be, first, to remind his congregation of additional mercies, some general in nature (creation, preservation, redemption), and others specific or individual as indicated above. Second, the preacher was to direct his congregation in the manner of its response to these testimonies of grace. Beyond this, the preacher might proceed as he wished. He might fulminate against ingratitude; he might expatiate on the historical or political implications of the event or of past mercies; or he might focus upon the hope for future mercies.
Dispensable and Indispensable Amino Acids for Humans

Here, we compared the traditional nutritional definition of the dispensable and indispensable amino acids for humans with categorizations based on amino acid metabolism and function. The three views lead to somewhat different interpretations. From a nutritional perspective, it is quite clear that some amino acids are absolute dietary necessities if normal growth is to be maintained. Even so, growth responses to deficiencies of dispensable amino acids can be found in the literature. From a strictly metabolic perspective, there are only three indispensable amino acids (lysine, threonine and tryptophan) and two dispensable amino acids (glutamate and serine). In addition, a consideration of in vivo amino acid metabolism leads to the definition of a third class of amino acids, termed conditionally essential, whose synthesis can be carried out by mammals but can be limited by a variety of factors. These factors include the dietary supply of the appropriate precursors and the maturity and health of the individual. From a functional perspective, all amino acids are essential, and an argument in favor of the idea of the critical importance of nonessential and conditionally essential amino acids to physiological function is developed.
Acetate Utilization and Macromolecular Synthesis During Sporulation of Yeast

Acetate utilization and macromolecule synthesis during sporulation (meiosis) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. When diploid cells are transferred from glucose nutrient medium to acetate sporulation medium at early stationary phase, respiration of the exogenously supplied acetate proceeds without any apparent lag. At the completion of ascospore development, 62% of the acetate carbon consumed has been respired, 22% remains in the soluble pool, and 16% is incorporated into lipids, protein, nucleic acids, and other cell components. Measurements of the rate of protein synthesis during sporulation reveal two periods of maximal synthetic activity: an early phase coincidental with increases in deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein cellular content and a later phase during ascospore formation. Experiments in which protein synthesis was inhibited at intervals during sporulation indicate that protein synthesis is required both for the initiation and completion of ascus development.
Lesion and patient characteristics associated with malignancy after a probably benign finding on community practice mammography.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to identify patient and lesion characteristics associated with a diagnosis of breast malignancy within 3 years of having a probably benign finding (BI-RADS category 3) on a mammogram obtained in a community radiology practice.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The subjects were women 30 years old and older without breast implants or previous breast cancer who received notice of a probably benign finding on a bilateral screening mammogram between January 1, 1996, and June 30, 1999, in a community-based practice. From 82,898 mammograms, we identified 129 breast lesions designated probably benign that progressed to malignancy within 3 years of an index examination (cases) and matched them to 129 lesions designated probably benign that did not progress to malignancy within 3 years (controls). A breast imaging specialist blinded to case–control status interpreted all examinations and recorded detailed lesion descriptors according to the BI-RADS lexicon.RESULTS. Case lesions were mo...
Rubus fruit phenolic research: The good, the bad, and the confusing

Here we attempt to clarify contemporary scientific findings of Rubus fruit phenolics, focusing mainly on published peer-reviewed work from the last 6 years. Our review focuses on research papers that identified phenolics of Rubus fruit, although other edible parts of Rubus plants (i.e. leaves, roots) also contain phenolics. With an increased awareness given to the potential health benefits of consuming berries high in phenolics, efforts have been directed at enhancing Rubus fruit quality and colour (through plant selection, harvesting, storage, etc.) for processors and consumers alike. Assessment of any progress requires knowing the state of the starting material, so effective research into Rubus phenolics relies upon the accurate identification of the components in Rubus fruit in the initial investigations. We have summarised these reports into three sections: anthocyanins, phenolic monomers other than anthocyanins, and phenolic polymers. More work is needed in identification and quantification, and further opportunities remain for deciphering and clarifying existing phenolic information for Rubus fruit.
Alcohol and the Identity Struggle: Some Effects of Economic Change on Interpersonal Relations

This paper proposes to examine the apparent increase in interpersonal conflict that often accompanies economic change. Focusing initially on the drinking behavior of the Naskapi Indians of Schefferville, Quebec, it is held that when economic change results in the introduction of new ways of access of persons to goods or activities that serve to maintain identities, there will be an increase in frequency of identity struggles, and a corresponding increase in those ritualized or formalized social interactions which serve as identity-resolving forums.
Design rules for a reliable surface micromachined IC sensor

To build reliability into surface-micromachined IC sensors intended for safety applications, potential failure mechanisms were identified during the design phase. Conservative design rules were established to minimize or eliminate sensor failure. Standard IC mechanical and thermal stress tests validated both the sensor design and the design methodology.
Pediatric Surgery and Parental Smoking Behavior

Background: Secondhand smoke exposure poses health risks to children, including increased risks for anesthesia. In adult smokers, surgery serves as a teachable moment to motivate quitting. For parents who smoke, having a child undergo surgery may also serve as a teachable moment for smokingbehavioralchange.Thisstudydeterminedifthereis an association between children undergoing a surgical procedure and changes in their parents’ smoking behavior. Methods: Secondary analyses were performed using logistic regression analysis of 2005 survey data from the National Health Interview Survey. Analyses included 9,289 parent respondents who provided information on both themselves and their children. Results: Of the sampled children, 1,112 (12.6%, 95% CI: 11.7, 13.4) lived in a home with at least one person who smoked inside in a usual week. In multivariate analysis of the relationship between parent and child surgical history in the past 12 months and smoking behavior, surgery in either the parent (odds ratio 2.19, 95% CI: 1.55, 3.08) or child (odds ratio 2.61, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.35) was associated with an increased likelihood of a quit attempt by the parent. However, these attempts were more likely to be successful if the parents (odds ratio 2.35, 95% CI: 1.35, 4.07), not their child (odds ratio 0.51, 95% CI: 0.20, 1.28), had surgery within the past 12 months. Conclusions: Parents who smoke were more likely to make aquitattemptwithinthepast12monthsiftheirchildrenhad surgery within this time, but they were not more likely to succeed in maintaining abstinence and thus could benefit from assistance.
The Export Decision of Selected Services‐Producing and Manufacturing Industries

This article provides a comparative analysis of factors influencing the out-of-state export decisions of establishments within selected groups of services-producing and manufacturing industries. Data were gathered through a mail survey of establishments located in both rural and urban areas of five Midwestern states. The proportion of sales exported was specified as a function of establishment and location characteristics and estimated using Tobit analysis. Results of the study indicate that both establishment and location characteristics are important predictors of the export decision and confirm that establishments in some services-producing industries are able to enter and compete in out-of-state export markets. Similar factors were found to influence the export decisions of services-producing and manufacturing establishments. Results suggest that services-producing establishments in the group of industries may not be footloose with respect to locational choices.
Fatty acid Langmuir films on liquid mercury: X-ray and surface tension studies.

The structure and phase behavior of liquid-mercury-supported molecular films of fatty acids (CH3(CH2)n-2COOH, denoted CnOOH) were studied for molecular lengths 7 ≤ n ≤ 24, by surface tensiometry an...
Genome-Wide Transcriptome Profiling of Region-Specific Vulnerability to Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus

Neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress (OS), whereas those in CA3 are resistant. To uncover mechanisms for selective CA1 vulnerability to OS, we treated organotypic hippocampal slices with duroquinone and compared transcriptional profiles of CA1 vs CA3 cells at various intervals. Gene Ontology and Biological Pathway analyses of differentially expressed genes showed that at all time points, CA1 had higher transcriptional activity for stress/inflammatory response, transition metal transport, ferroxidase, and presynaptic signaling activity, while CA3 had higher GABA-signaling, postsynaptic, and calcium and potassium channel activity. Real-time PCR and immunoblots confirmed the transcriptome data and the induction of OS by duroquinone in both hippocampal regions. Our functional genomics approach has identified in CA1 cells molecular pathways as well as unique genes, such as guanosine deaminase, lipocalin 2, synaptotagmin 4, and latrophilin 2, whose time-dependent induction following the initiation of OS may represent attempts at neurite outgrowth, synaptic recovery, and resistance against OS.
Parasite Control in Calves and Growing Heifers

Parasite control in calves and growing heifers results in animals that grow faster and remain healthier. Control programs revolve around reducing the parasites (infective stages) in the environment. In confinement, sanitation removes or reduces the number of infective stages (oocysts, cysts, and infective larvae) and the infection rate. On pasture one must resort to pasture management and parasite removal. The mites and lice are generally controlled by reducing or removing the populations on the animals, preventing the spread. Environmental control and manure management impact the fly populations.
Pulmonary Disease Associated with L-tryptophan-induced Eosinophilic Myalgia Syndrome: Clinical and Pathologic Features

Tablets and capsules containing the essential amino acid L-tryptophan are currently being investigated as a cause of the newly recognized eosinophilia/myalgia syndrome. In the five histologically documented cases reported herein, Lrtryptophan ingestion was associated with prominent pulmonary complications. All patients were women ranging from 34 to 65 years, and all presented with respiratory symptoms that began after one to nine months of L-tryptophan therapy. Peripheral eosinophilia was present in four patients as were bilateral interstitial infiltrates on chest roentgenograms. One patient had a normal chest roentgenogram. Lung biopsies were done in all patients and biopsy specimens showed a vasculitis and perivasculitis associated with a mild chronic interstitial pneumonitis and eosinophilia. Three patients had clinical and/or histologic evidence of pulmonary hypertension, and one had a follicular bronchiolitis. Four patients recovered promptly with steroid therapy and discontinuation of L-tryptophan therapy, and one patient has had minimal symptomatic improvement.
BIRDS IN DEPRESSIONAL FORESTED WETLANDS: AREA AND HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND MODEL UNCERTAINTY

Forested wetlands are important habitat for many bird species, but data about area and habitat relationships of birds in depressional (i.e., non-riverine) deciduous forested wetlands are scarce. Depressional forested wetlands are often surrounded by larger, continuous patches of upland forest, and it is not clear whether this surrounding forest should be considered part of the forested wetland. To contribute regional data to this question, we sampled birds and vegetation in depressional forested wetlands in southern Michigan, USA. Results indicated that the wetland per se should not be considered separate from the surrounding forest because forest area and forest characteristics were the most important predictors of richness and abundance of wetland-associated birds. Conversely, wetland area and wetland characteristics were important for some upland species. Because spatial clustering and model selection uncertainty are often encountered by wetland scientists, we describe analytical methods used to deal with these problems.
Juxtacortical osteogenic sarcoma. An analysis of fourteen cases.

Fourteen cases of juxtacortical osteogenic sarcoma are presented in an attempt to define the relative malignant behavior of this lesion by correlation with the various histopathological characteristics. At least two distinct behavioral patterns are evident: (1) protracted growth with multiple recurrences and eventual cure resulting after major ablative surgery and (2) rapid growth with local recurrences and metastases leading to death from disease. The most malignant of these tumors either formed sparse new bone and fibrous tissue which cytologically appeared to be malignant, or contained pleomorphic spindle-cell sarcoma, often with a prominent cartilaginous component. Patients with the classic, low-grade type of juxtacortical osteogenic sarcoma had tumors which were composed of well differentiated bone trabeculae and fibrous tissue with small islands of cartilage. This study stresses the importance of thorough histopathological evaluation of this group of osteogenic tumors in order to predict their behavior accurately and aid the surgeons to render adequate therapy.
A SURVEY OF TEXT SUMMARIZATION TECHNIQUES

Numerous approaches for identifying important content for automatic text summarization have been developed to date. Topic representation approaches first derive an intermediate representation of the text that captures the topics discussed in the input. Based on these representations of topics, sentences in the input document are scored for importance. In contrast, in indicator representation approaches, the text is represented by a diverse set of possible indicators of importance which do not aim at discovering topicality. These indicators are combined, very often using machine learning techniques, to score the importance of each sentence. Finally, a summary is produced by selecting sentences in a greedy approach, choosing the sentences that will go in the summary one by one, or globally optimizing the selection, choosing the best set of sentences to form a summary. In this chapter we give a broad overview of existing approaches based on these distinctions, with particular attention on how representation, sentence scoring or summary selection strategies alter the overall performance of the summarizer. We also point out some of the peculiarities of the task of summarization which have posed challenges to machine learning approaches for the problem, and some of the suggested solutions.
Escaping the Self Consumes Regulatory Resources: A Self-Regulatory Model of Suicide

The proposed model argues that self-regulatory resource depletion underlies central aspects of the escape model of suicide, specifically attentional processes and emotional regulation. In response to misfortunes that cast the self in an unacceptablybad light, the person first tries to regulate negative affect.Afteraffect regulation fails, the person next tries to regulate attention by cultivating a focus on meaningless, concrete, nonevaluative stimuli. The resulting state of cognitive deconstruction alleviates self-awareness of personal weaknesses but also removes inhibitions against suicide. But these efforts to regulate emotions and attention and to sustain the deconstructed state lead to a depletion of self-regulatory resources, rendering it difficult for the person to exit the suicide spiral. Our model is supported by research on the effects of cognitive deconstruction, passivity and disinhibition, as well as by studies relating suicide factors to self-regulation and those relating suicide and impulse control problems to neurological mechanisms. We believe that examining the self-regulatoryaspects of escapist behaviors, such as suicide, will allow researchers and practitioners to better identify at-riskpatients and allow for improved treatment of their symptoms. We advocate aiding at-risk individuals, such as those with impulse control problems or self-regulation difficulties, to replenish self-regulatory resources by engaging in self-regulatory activities in which they will be successful. Successful experiences with self-regulation may enable the person to cope successfully with negative events that otherwise couldbegina self-destructive cycle.
Abstract TP150: Intracranial steal phenomenon in Patients with Severe Steno-occlusive Disease of Intracranial Carotid or Middle Cerebral Artery

Background: Intracranial stenosis is a strong risk factor for stroke recurrence. In severe stenosis, perfusion is maintained by collaterals and cerebral autoregulation (CA). CA may be impaired due ...
Stopping Powers of Some Solids for 30-90-MeV U 238 Ions

Uranium ions of energies in the range 30-90 MeV from the Oak Ridge Tandem accelerator were used to measure stopping powers for C, Al, Ni, Ag, and Au foils. Foil thicknesses were determined by $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle energy-loss measurements. The results are compared with various theoretical predictions. Subtraction of an assumed nuclear-stopping component leaves a residual electronic stopping power which is velocity proportional but does not appear to extrapolate to the origin, in disagreement with theory. Comparisons with other ions indicate that heavier ions exhibit larger discrepancies with theory in that the velocity-proportional stopping extrapolates to zero stopping at larger values of velocity.
Magnetic adsorbent constructed from the loading of amino functionalized Fe3O4 on coordination complex modified polyoxometalates nanoparticle and its tetracycline adsorption removal property study

Abstract A magnetic polyoxometalates based adsorbent has been synthesized successfully through the loading of amino functionalized Fe3O4 (NH2-Fe3O4) on nanoparticle of a coordination complex modified polyoxometalates (CC/POMNP). FTIR illustrate there exist intense hydrogen bonds between NH2-Fe3O4 and CC/POMNP, which keep the stability of this adsorbent. At room temperature, this adsorbent exhibits ferromagnetic character with saturation magnetization of 8.19 emu g−1, which provides prerequisite for fast magnetic separation. Water treatment experiment illustrates this POM based magnetic adsorbent exhibits high adsorption capacity on tetracycline. The adsorption process can be described well with Temkin model, which illustrates the interaction between adsorbent and tetracycline plays the dominated role in tetracycline removal. The rapid, high efficient tetracycline adsorption ability suggests this POM based magnetic adsorbent exhibits promising prospect in medical and agriculture waste water purification. A magnetic polyoxometalates based adsorbent, which exhibits excellent tetracycline adsorption removal property has been synthesized through the loading of NH2-Fe3O4 on coordination complex modified polyoxometalates
High-dynamic range, fluence-dependent GaP optical limiter for eye protection

Nonlinear optical phenomena in a variety of materials are currently under investigation for use in optical limiting devices for eye protection. Although several materials and configurations have been used in "proof-of-principle” demonstrations, to date the performance of all such systems falls well short of that necessary for a practical device, because of inadequate dynamic range, field of view, bandwidth, and similar problems. Any practical device designed for eye protection must possess a high linear transmission throughout a significant portion of the visible spectrum, but must rapidly switch to a low transmission state for intense input radiation. Furthermore, for pulsed inputs, it is desirable to limit the output fluence of the device to less than 0.5 μJ/cm2 over a significant range of input fluences. This implies that tire device must switch to the low transmission state at extremely low input fluences, and it should exhibit a wide dynamic range. The device should also have a wide field of view, which dictates a low f-number optical system. Finally, since one is not likely to have a prior knowledge of the temporal nature of the input pulse, it should function for a wide range of input pulse durations. This indicates that fluence dependent processes in the nonlinear material are preferable to irradiance dependent processes.
Pregnancy Urinary Estrogen Determination Using a Quality Control Material

Urinary estrogen determinations are now commonplace for monitoring high-risk pregnancies. In this study, a simple spectrophotometric modification of the Kober color reaction is evaluated, using a stable urine control material. It is essential that a procedure of this importance include a quality control material with each batch of assays. The preparation procedure for this stable control material and the long-term data obtained on its use are described in detail. The method used in this study is simple and can be performed in any clinical chemistry laboratory.
Effect of Leaf Age on Length of Residual Activity of Abamectin in Pome Fruit Foliage

The hypothesis that leaf age at time of application influenced absorption of abamectin and hence length of residual control was tested using field-aged residues in laboratory bioassays with twospotted spider mite, Tetranychu. S urticae Koch, on apple and pear foliage. Comparison was made with fenbutatin-oxide residues on apple foliage. Applications were made to 2-, 6-, or 12-wk-old leaves. On apple, initial mortality and the length of residual control by abamectin was highest for applications to younger leaves. The rate of decline in residual activity against T. urticae was steepest in the oldest leaves. With fenbutatin-oxide, leaf age did not affect initial activity, although the rate of decline in activity was higher when applied to older leaves. However, applications to older leaves coincided with weather conditions most likely to break down surface deposits of this material. On pear, initial residual activity for abamectin was lower in older leaves, but the rate of decline in activity was similar for all leaf ages. Overall, initial mortality and length of residual control were higher on pear than on apple, but best performance on both crops was obtained by applications to younger leaves. Implications for use of abamectin in apple and pear pest management programs are discussed.
Determination of bromate in pastry by ion chromatography

Objective:A methed was constructed for the determination of bromate in pastry by ion chromatography.Methods: The ground samples were weighed.The ultrapure water was added and shocked to extract bromate by ultrasonic.The protein and fat were removed.The supernatant was purified on a silver column to remove chloride ion and then filtered with 0.22 μm of filter membrane.The sample was separated by anion analytical column(Metrosep A Supp 5-250 4.0 mm×250 mm)and detected by conductivity detector at 20℃.Results: The calibration plot was found to be linear in the range of 0.10～6.0 μg/ml for bromate.The correlation coefficient was 0.9997.The average recovery was 97.2%～99.8% for addition quantity of 1.0,2.0 and 4.0 μg.RSD was less than 5%.Conclusion: The method was sensitive,accurate,practical and satisfied for determination of bromate in pastry.
Visual Simulation Approach Based on UML and its Application in Weapon System

Visual simulation software system is a very important problem in weapon system development. In order to develop visual simulation, model, maintenance and correction , a visual simulation approach based on unified modeling language (UML) was proposed. Structural relationship between various models is controlled by means of UML effectively, this consisted of visualization of numerical calculation, simulation model, simulation interaction and maintenance modification to realize optimization of system option. Practical application showed that the approach is available for visualization of numerical calculation, simulation model, simulation interaction , maintenance and modification of visual simulation. It can improve actual operation efficiency considerably.
Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing infections in NICU

OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing infections in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) from 2009 to 2010 so as to guide the reasonable use of antibiotics.METHODS The bacterial culture was performed for the secretions and the blood samples which were submitted from NICU from 2009 to 2010,and the drug susceptibility testing was carried out.RESULTS Of 3245 specimens submitted,298 specimens were cultured positive for the etiology with the positive rate of 9.18%,among which the positive rate of the pus was the highest(90.00%),followed by umbilical secretion(78.65%) and the urine(51.11%);totally 298 strains of pathogens were isolated,gram-positive bacteria were the main pathogens,accounting for 60.04%,among which coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and S.aureus accounted for 30.20% and 17.45%,respectively;gram-negative bacteria accounted for 33.89%,the fungi accounted for 5.71%;there were 18(52.94%) strains of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and 13(38.46%) strains of ESBL-producing E.coli isolated.CONCLUSION Most of the pathogens are susceptible to nitrofurantoin,vancomycin,levofloxacin,imipenem,gatifloxacin and cefoxitin.
A Randomized Trial of Contingency Management for Smoking Cessation During Intensive Outpatient Alcohol Treatment.

Abstract Introduction This randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of contingency management (CM) for smoking cessation for smokers with alcohol abuse or dependence delivered concurrently with intensive outpatient alcohol treatment. The study also explored the indirect effects of CM smoking treatment and smoking cessation on alcohol and drug use outcomes. Methods Alcohol abuse/dependent smokers were randomized to cognitive behavioral therapy plus nicotine replacement therapy plus contingency management (CBT+NRT+CM) or to cognitive behavior therapy plus nicotine replacement therapy (CBT+NRT) delivered concurrent with a three-week intensive outpatient alcohol treatment program. Results Participants in the CBT+NRT+CM condition were significantly more likely to be cigarette abstinent at the end of treatment ( χ 2 (1)=8.48, p =.004) with approximately double the carbon monoxide confirmed quit rate (60%) compared with the CBT+NRT condition (29%). At the one-month and six-month time-points there were nonsignificant differences in smoking abstinence outcomes by condition. Smoking treatment condition did not directly affect alcohol abstinence outcomes, but we observed an indirect effect of smoking treatment on alcohol and drug abstinence at one-month follow-up that was mediated by smoking cessation at the end of treatment. Conclusions Adding CM to an evidence-based smoking cessation treatment that included medication and behavioral counseling doubled the quit rate at the end of treatment. This finding provides strong evidence for the efficacy of CM for helping alcohol dependent smokers reach the milestone of initial smoking abstinence.
Low power communications protocols: paging and beyond

Paging subscriber devices leverage multiple technologies to achieve low power and long battery life: semiconductors, circuits, systems architecture and network protocol. While many types of electronic devices have capitalized on low-power features for several of these technologies, few other than personal paging services have taken advantage of opportunities presented by well designed protocols with explicit power-reduction features. This paper will review the state-of-practice in existing paging services, and discuss the relevance of such techniques to other wireless communication systems.
An Improved Strategy for Bayesian Estimation of the Reduced Reparameterized Unified Model

A Bayesian formulation for a popular conjunctive cognitive diagnosis model, the reduced reparameterized unified model (rRUM), is developed. The new Bayesian formulation of the rRUM employs a latent...
Are We Still Prescribing Opioids for Osteoarthritis

Abstract Background The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic. These medications continue to be used to manage pain associated with osteoarthritis, despite mounting evidence questioning the benefits. The rate at which opioids are prescribed for osteoarthritis is largely unknown. We sought to identify rates of opioid prescriptions for osteoarthritis and identify factors associated with higher rates of prescribing. Methods We queried the Humana, Inc. administrative claims database from 2007 to 2014. Patients with osteoarthritis were identified using International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision codes and classified as having hip, knee, or any joint osteoarthritis. Claims data were reviewed to identify opioid prescriptions associated with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Rates of prescribing were trended over time and stratified by sex, age, and geographic region. Results From 2007 to 2014, 17.0% of patients with any joint osteoarthritis, 13.4% of patients with hip osteoarthritis, and 15.9% with knee osteoarthritis were prescribed an opioid for their condition. Yearly rates of prescription were fairly stable over this period. Patients in the South had the highest odds of opioid prescription, while those in the Northeast had the lowest. Patients ≤49 years old were more likely to receive a prescription than those ≥50 years old. Conclusion This study provides important epidemiologic data about the use of opioids for osteoarthritis. Despite increasing evidence calling proposed benefits into question and increasing awareness of risks of opioids, prescribing rates remained stable between 2007 and 2014. This provides important baseline data as we work to combat excessive and inappropriate opioid use within the United States.
Genetic differences in macro-element mineral concentrations among 52 historically important tomato varieties

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit quality and yield are highly dependent on adequate uptake of nutrients. Potassium, magnesium and calcium are essential elements that influence fruit quality traits such as colour, uniformity of ripening, hollow fruit, fruit shape, firmness and acidity. Sodium is not an essential element for tomato and can detrimentally compete with the absorption of potassium and calcium. Daily intakes of potassium, magnesium and calcium in human diets are typically below healthful levels, while sodium intake is often excessive. The objective of this study was to compare 52 diverse commercially important varieties of tomato for concentrations of potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium in fruits. The tomatoes were produced in replicated plots in Geneva, NY in 2010 and 2011. Multiple fruits per plot were harvested vine-ripe, homogenized and assayed for cations. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the 52 varieties for all four traits, i.e. cation concentrations (df = 51, P < 0.0001–0.0034) and no significant differences between years for any trait (df = 1, P = 0.3432–0.6770). Factor analysis showed a strong interrelationship between potassium and magnesium that was independent of calcium and sodium. Potassium and magnesium were highly significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.64, P < 0.0001). No other correlations between pairs of traits were observed. Results supported a genetic basis for potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium concentrations that was consistent across environments (i.e. years). Results can contribute to the development of cultivars with favourable cation profiles in terms of human health and fruit quality.
A photoactive semisynthetic metalloenzyme exhibits complete selectivity for CO2 reduction in water

A series of artificial metalloenzymes containing a ruthenium chromophore and [NiII(cyclam)]2+, both incorporated site-selectively, have been constructed within an azurin protein scaffold. These light-driven, semisynthetic enzymes do not evolve hydrogen, thus displaying complete selectivity for CO2 reduction to CO. Electrostatic effects rather than direct excited-state electron transfer dominate the ruthenium photophysics, suggesting that intramolecular electron transfer from photogenerated RuI to [NiII(cyclam)]2+ represents the first step in catalysis. Stern-Volmer analyses rationalize the observation that ascorbate is the only sacrificial electron donor that supports turnover. Collectively, these results highlight the important interplay of elements that must be considered when developing and characterizing molecular catalysts.
Open Futures in the Foundations of Propositional Logic

This chapter weaves together two themes in the work of Nuel Belnap. The earlier theme was to propose conditions (such as conservativity and uniqueness) under which logical rules determine the meanings of the connectives they regulate. The later theme was the employment of semantics for the open future in the foundations of logics of agency. This chapter shows that on the reasonable criterion for fixing meaning of a connective by its rule governed deductive behavior, the natural deduction rules for classical propositional logic do not fix the interpretation embodied in the standard truth tables, but instead express an open future semantics related to Kripke’s possible worlds semantics for intuitionistic logic, called natural semantics. The basis for this connection has already been published, but this chapter reports new results on disjunction, and explores the relationships between natural semantics and supervaluations. A possible complaint against natural semantics is that its models may disobey the requirement that there be no branching in the past. It is shown, however, that the condition may be met by using a plausible reindividuation of temporal moments. The chapter also explains how natural semantics may be used to locate what is wrong with fatalistic arguments that purport to close the door on a open future. The upshot is that the open future is not just essential to our idea of agency, it is already built right into the foundations of classical logic.
Acetate mediates alcohol excitotoxicity in dopaminergic-like PC12 cells

Neuronal excitotoxicity is the major cause of alcohol-related brain damage, yet the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Using dopaminergic-like PC12 cells, we evaluated the effect of N-...
Comparative Outcomes for the Treatment of Articular Cartilage Lesions in the Ankle With a DeNovo NT Natural Tissue Graft: Open Versus Arthroscopic Treatment

Background:The treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) with a juvenile cartilage allograft is a relatively new procedure. Although other treatment options exist for large OLTs, the p...
Revisit Population-based and Family-based Genotype Imputation

Genome-Wide Association (GWA) with population-based imputation (PBI) has been successful in identifying common variants associated with complex diseases; however, much heritability remains to be explained and low frequency variants (LFV) may contribute. To identify LFV, a study of unrelated individuals may no longer be as efficient as a family study, where rare population variants can be frequent in families. Family-based imputation (FBI) provides an opportunity to evaluate LFV. To compare the performance of PBI and FBI, we conducted extensive simulations, generating genotypes using SeqSIMLA from various reference panels for families. We masked genotype information for variants unavailable in Framingham 550 K GWA genotype data in less informative subjects selected by GIGI-Pick. We implemented IMPUTE2 with duoHMM in SHAPEIT (Impute2_duoHMM) for PBI, MERLIN and GIGI for FBI and PedBLIMP for a hybrid approach. In general, FBI in both MERLIN and GIGI outperformed other approaches with imputation accuracy greater than 0.99 for the squared correlation and imputation quality scores (IQS) especially for LFV, although imputation accuracy from MERLIN depends on pedigree splitting for larger families. PBI performed worst with the exception of good imputation accuracy for common variants when a closely ancestry matched reference is used. In summary, linkage disequilibrium (LD) information from large available genotype resources provides good imputation for common variants with well-selected reference panels without requiring densely sequenced data in family members, while imputation of LFV with FBI benefits more from information on inheritance patterns within families yielding better imputation.
Energetic regulation of coordinated leader-follower dynamics during collective invasion of breast cancer cells.

The ability of primary tumor cells to invade into adjacent tissues, followed by the formation of local or distant metastasis, is a lethal hallmark of cancer. Recently, locomoting clusters of tumor cells have been identified in numerous cancers and associated with increased invasiveness and metastatic potential. However, how the collective behaviors of cancer cells are coordinated and their contribution to cancer invasion remain unclear. Here we show that collective invasion of breast cancer cells is regulated by the energetic statuses of leader and follower cells. Using a combination of in vitro spheroid and ex vivo organoid invasion models, we found that cancer cells dynamically rearrange leader and follower positions during collective invasion. Cancer cells invade cooperatively in denser collagen matrices by accelerating leader–follower switching thus decreasing leader cell lifetime. Leader cells exhibit higher glucose uptake than follower cells. Moreover, their energy levels, as revealed by the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio, must exceed a threshold to invade. Forward invasion of the leader cell gradually depletes its available energy, eventually leading to leader–follower transition. Our computational model based on intracellular energy homeostasis successfully recapitulated the dependence of leader cell lifetime on collagen density. Experiments further supported model predictions that decreasing the cellular energy level by glucose starvation decreases leader cell lifetime whereas increasing the cellular energy level by AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activation does the opposite. These findings highlight coordinated invasion and its metabolic regulation as potential therapeutic targets of cancer.