cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CBFrag-Cubing: An Algorithm of High-Dimensional Data Cubing Based on Compressed Bitmap

The computation of data cube is one of the most essential but expensive issues in data warehouse and OLAP. Frag-Cubing algorithm is recently proposed to perform data cubing on such data sets, which exist in applications like bioinformatics, statistics, and text processing that characterized by high dimensionality and low cardinality. In order to enhance efficiency of Frag-Cubing algorithm, a partition-based CBFrag-Cubing algorithm is proposed. It uses Com- pressed bitmap index to optimize the storage of cube, and reduces the computing time. Experimental results show that, compared with Frag-Cubing algorithm, the CBFrag-Cubing algorithm saves at least 25% on storage space and about 30% on computing time.
Fault Diagnosis for Refrigeration Systems Based on Principal Component Analysis and Support Vector Machine

Principal component analysis(PCA) was employed to make feature extraction from the vast data pool,and the PCA+SVM(support vector machine) model was established for the fault detection and diagnosis(FDD) of refrigeration systems.Considering that SVM can not be used to solve multi-class classification problems directly,several classical multi-SVMs algorithms were analyzed and compared,and the "One vs others" algorithm was adopted.The hybrid PCA-SVM FDD model was presented and validated by the historical data from specially designed experiments.The results show that it can isolate normal from faulty modes(detection) and has a diagnostic rate of no less than 98.57%,which is better than the SVM model without PCA;model training is about 130—350 times faster than the latter;it also has better performance on dealing with small sample problem than BP neural network with higher diagnostic rate and much less training time(about 1/240).
Programmable TGC in Ultrasound Receivers

The time gain control (TGC) in most diagnostic ultrasonic receivers is a monotonically increasing function of time relative to the transducer excitation. The TGC compensates for tissue absorption of ultrasound as a function of range. However, a monotonically increasing TGC cannot independently compensate for tissue absorption and variations in the acoustical impedance and effective reflecting areas at tissue interfaces. One approach to compensate for variations in echo producing parameters is to employ a more versatile TGC. A new design receiver employs TGC that can increase, decrease or not change the receiver gain over a useable 5 0 db dynamic range. The TGC can be programmed in 1 cm range steps for A- or TM-mode presentations or in 2 cm range steDS for scanning presentations.
LIQUEFACTION CYCLES FOR CRYOGENS

The field of gas liquefaction has a rich history, as outlined in the text by Mendelssohn [1]. In fact, the quest for absolute zero began with the liquefaction of oxygen—thought by some to be a permanent gas—by the French mining engineer Cailletet in 1877. Liquefaction of air moved from the laboratory to commercial applications largely due to the ingenuity of Linde in 1895. Today, the sales of industrial liquefied cryogens approaches the billion-dollar-a-year mark.
Book review: Twenty-Five Years on the Cutting Edge of Obsidian Studies: Selected Readings from the IAOS Bulletin

Edited by Carolyn D. Dillian (Coastal Carolina University), Twenty-Five Years on the Cutting Edge of Obsidian Studies: Selected Readings from the IAOS Bulletin consists of 19 previously published articles from the International Association for Obsidian Studies (IAOS) Bulletin . Dillian selected these articles because they provide a range of methodological and theoretical approaches concerning archaeological obsidian studies from around the world like Eretria, California, and the Near East, for example.
Nonideal gas modelling of pressure swing adsorption processes

Besides adsorption equilibrium and adsorption kinetics, nonisothermal temperature effects have a high impact on the simulation results and hence on the process design of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) processes. Due to moderate pressures of PSA processes, the gas phase is usually treated as ideal for the ease of solving the underlying model equations. As a consequence, only the ideal gas enthalpy is considered for the energy balance of the gas phase of the adsorber column. Real gas effects like the Joule-Thomson effect or the real gas mixing enthalpy effects are usually neglected. With the simulation package ADLIN, it is possible to model the gas phase in general as real phase in both the material and energy balance while the accuracy is depending on the applied underlying real gas model. The modelling of the adsorbed phase is not subject to this investigation and is modelled in the same manner as usual. On an example of detailed dynamic modelling of high pressure swing adsorption for the purification of hydrogen, the impact of nonideal gas phase vs. ideal gas phase towards the simulation results is shown. Furthermore, additional results of PSA processes are discussed based on the overall material and energy balance of the gas separation process. It turns out that for the simulation of typical hydrogen purification processes by PSA the ideal gas model is usually sufficient to get reasonable results. For high adsorption pressure or methane purification PSA, the nonideal gas simulation results deviate significantly from the ideal gas behavior, and real gas models should be applied for detailed dynamic PSA simulation. Although the capacity of the PSA was generally increased due to the nonideality of the gas phase, the product recovery was generally reduced.
Acquired cystic kidney disease: an under-recognized condition in children with end-stage renal disease

Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) is a condition that occurs predominantly in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In contrast to hereditary cystic kidney disease, ACKD is characterized by the presence of multiple small cysts in bilaterally small kidneys. Limited pediatric data suggest a high incidence (21.6-45.8%) of ACKD in children on dialysis, comparable to that in adults, with an increased frequency associated with a longer duration of dialysis. Recent research has shed light on the pathogenesis of ACKD, such as activation of proto-oncogenes. Although most patients with ACKD are asymptomatic, the condition can be complicated by renal cell carcinoma. Routine surveillance should therefore be considered in at-risk populations.
Automatic Target Recognition with Bayesian Networks

Abstract This paper presents a general framework for automatic target recognition using a feature-based Bayesian inference approach. The approach works on selected features. Using a Bayesian network as a representation of the joint probability distribution of the data, the network structure can be either constructed by expert knowledge or learned from the training data. The conditional probability distributions of features given the targets are estimated statistically. Features which carry the most discriminant information are selected automatically when the network structure is learned from the training data. The performance on two fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and inverse SAR image data sets is illustrated.
Survival after surgical or radiotherapeutic treatment for high-risk localized prostate cancer: A National Cancer Database analysis with comprehensive treatment group imbalances adjustments.

55Background: There are no randomized trials to guide a high-risk localized prostate cancer patient’s treatment decision between radiotherapeutic and surgical options. Comparative studies have been limited by their ability to match patients based on pre-treatment prognostic variables and to adjust for the cancer–related, medical and socioeconomic differences between patients who choose radiotherapeutic or surgical approaches. Methods: We analyzed the outcome of all patients in the National Cancer Database with high-risk clinically localized prostate cancer with complete prognostic data who were treated with either radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) combined with androgen deprivation (AD) or EBRT+brachytherapy (brachy)±AD. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to adjust for covariate imbalance between treatment groups. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards (TDCPH) model was then used to evaluate differences between treatment groups. Because of imbalances in...
Clinic Handoffs and Sign-Outs

Year-end resident clinic handoffs are critical transitions of care. Diligent clinic handoffs are important to prevent disruption and delay of patient care. This chapter discusses different models of clinic handoffs and their pros and cons.
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Technique for the Neuroradiologist

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides information on neuronal and axonal viability, energetics of cellular structures, and status of cellular membranes. Proton MRS appeals to clinicians and scientists because its application in the clinical setting can increase the specificity of MR imaging. The objective of this article is to provide descriptive concepts of the technique and its application in vivo for a variety of patient populations. When appropriately incorporating MRS into the neuroradiologic evaluation, this technique produces relevant information to radiologists and clinicians for their understanding of adult and pediatric neurologically based disease processes.
Abstract 11060: Regadenoson Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is Safe to Guide Coronary Revascularization In High-risk Patients With Severe Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis (AS) Being Considered for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)

The safety of regadenoson PET stress testing in patients with severe AS has not been ascertained. Moreover, in patients being considered for TAVR, symptoms may be related to coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or AS, and appropriate revascularization prior to TAVR is imperative. We sought to establish the safety of regadenoson PET in this setting from a retrospective cohort at our institution. Between May 2010 and May 2013, we identified 44 patients from our cardiac PET database who were undergoing evaluation for TAVR. Our patients were high-risk with a median age of 72 ± 17, mean STS mortality of 11.5 ± 7.8%, and a median GFR of 42 ± 27ml/min/1.73m 2 . 93% of patients had a previous diagnosis of CAD; 41% had a previous percutaneous coronary intervention, and 61% had undergone a prior coronary artery bypass grafting. On echocardiography, mean ejection fraction (EF) was 38 ± 16% with a mean aortic valve area of 0.78 ± 0.26 cm 2 . Peak and mean gradients were 52 ± 19 and 31 ± 12 mmHg, respectively, with a mean dimensionless index of 0.23 ± 0.06. There were no major adverse events. A significant transient drop in blood pressure, defined as decrease in systolic blood pressure (BP) by 20 mmHg and a nadir less than 90 mmHg, was relatively common (16%). There was a non-significant trend between reduced EF and a significant decrease in BP (mean EF 40 ± 16 v 28 ± 11%, p = 0.07). There was no association between measures of AS severity and a significant decrease in BP. One patient with hypotension became light-headed, but symptoms spontaneously resolved. Another patient had an episode of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. PET abnormalities were present in 93%. 68% had ischemia, and 70% had fixed perfusion defects. Average resting and stress EF on PET were 36 ± 18% and 33 ± 16%, respectively. 55% of patients with abnormal tests underwent coronary angiography. 87% of these patients had ischemia or evidence of hibernating myocardium. 34% of our patients underwent revascularization, and 93% of these had revascularization guided by PET results. In high-risk patients being considered for TAVR, regadenoson PET is safe to guide coronary revascularization. This modality may be particularly useful in patients with renal insufficiency, known CAD, and prior revascularization.
Skin temperature assessment for neuromusculoskeletal abnormalities of the spinal column.

OBJECTIVE A qualitative review of the scientific literature on thermographic instrumentation for detecting neuromusculoskeletal abnormalities of the spinal column was made. Electronic infrared instrumentation (telethermography), liquid crystal thermography and various hand-held devices were scrutinized in terms of reliability and comparison with other diagnostic tests (e.g., computed tomography, myelography, electromyography, magnetic resonance imaging). DATA SOURCES A Medline literature search was performed from 1966 through 1990. English language material was retrieved using the following key words: thermography and spine, spinal injuries, cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacroiliac joint, lumbosacral region, back or neck. The Index to Chiropractic Literature was also reviewed. The categories of skin temperature and thermography were scrutinized. Chapters of texts and nonpublished works were not incorporated. STUDY SELECTION Studies involving the comparison of thermographic findings with those of other tests were the primary focus of the review. Case reports, as well as the use of thermography as an outcome measure, were also studied. Interexaminer reliability studies are reported. DATA EXTRACTION The study populations are characterized as well as binding procedures, if any. The authors' statistical work, if applicable, is presented and criticized. DATA SYNTHESIS Relatively few reliability studies exist for thermography. Emphasis has been on validity studies that compare the results of the thermogram with other reference tests. There has been a general lack of high-quality research design (e.g., blinding) throughout the thermographic literature base. The sensitivity of the various thermographic instrumentation has shown encouraging results, although this must be tempered with the generally poor design of many studies. Specificity, in contrast, has shown mixed results. The review indicated telethermography to be a sensitive diagnostic procedure for detecting abnormalities, such as disc protrusion, of the lumbar and cervical spine. Liquid crystal thermography effectiveness is difficult to determine due to the paucity of blinded investigations, although normative data for the cervical spine and upper extremities is present. Literature on the various hand-held instruments has revealed moderate levels of examiner reliability for infrared devices, with less information available for thermocouple instruments. Normative data for hand-held instruments is absent. CONCLUSION Continued investigation is needed in the area of thermographic research in light of the paucity of blinded and/or controlled investigations. More sensitive neurophysiological and anatomical measures must be used when comparing the results from thermography. The lack of an available gold standard for comparing thermographic findings has been problematic. Future research should focus on thermography as a noninvasive outcome measure and interpreter reliability.
DAPPER: data aware approximate NoC for GPGPU architectures

High interconnect bandwidth is crucial to achieve better performance in many-core GPGPU architectures that execute highly data parallel applications. The parallel warps of threads running on shader cores generate a high volume of read requests to the main memory due to the limited availability of data cache space at the shader cores. This leads to scenarios with rapid arrival of reply data from the DRAM, which creates a bottleneck at memory controllers (MCs) that send reply packets back to the requesting cores over the NoC. Coping with such high volumes of data requires NoC architectures that possess high power overhead. To accomplish high bandwidth and low energy communication in GPGPUs, we propose Dapper, a data-aware approximate NoC architecture that increases the utilization of the available bandwidth by using low power single cycle overlay circuits for the reply traffic between MCs and shader cores. Dapper also incorporates a novel MC architecture that leverages the inherent approximability of the data values of certain applications and reduces the number of reply packets injected into the NoC by the MCs. Experimental results show that Dapper reduces the energy consumed in the GPGPU by up to 50% with up to 99% application output accuracy and minimum performance overheads compared to a state-of-the-art approximate NoC architectures.
Changes in hematologic indices and inflammatory markers in a double-blind real world traffic exposure study

Traffic-related air pollution is associated with inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Commute exposures are a significant source of exposure to traffic-derived pollutants. We studied whether exposure to roadway-derived exhaust in a typical commute causes effects in human subjects. 16 healthy adults had 2-hr highway commutes on 3 separate days in a double-blind, crossover trial randomized to order. On two days, on-road air was entrained into the cabin through the vehicle’s regular vents with sham filtration. On a third day, the vehicle was equipped with effective filtration. In-vehicle pollutants were measured continuously. Blood was collected before the drive (baseline), and 5-hrs and 22 hrs after. Outcomes were complete blood count with differential, cortisol, C-reactive protein, and IL-6. Within-person filtration effect on each outcome was estimated using a mixed-effects model. Filtration reduced in-vehicle particle count by 85% and gases by 20%. Compared to filtered drives, exposure to traffic pollution was associated with significant decrease in total circulating leukocytes and non-granulocyte populations: (WBCs [-360/ul (95% CI:-680 to -30)], monocytes [-70/ul (95% CI:-130 to -10)], and lymphocytes [-290/ul (95% CI:-460 to -120)] at five hours post exposure. A decrease in lymphocyte count persisted for 22 hours post exposure [-220/ul (95% CI:-400 to -40)]. There were no significant changes in cortisol, IL-6, or C-reactive protein. Short-term exposure to on-road air pollutants results in small but significant reductions in circulating mononuclear and lymphocyte cell populations, which can be prevented with effective particle filtration.
Evaluation of Current Trends in Treatment of Single-level Cervical Radiculopathy.

Study design:This was a retrospective cohort study.Objectives:The main objectives of this study were to identify epidemiological trends, differences, and complications in patients undergoing surgical treatment for single-level cervical radiculopathy (SLCR).Summary of Background Data:SLCR that fails
Short Communication: Influence of Photoperiod on Temporal Mate Signaling Patterns in the Texas Field Cricket, Gryllus texensis

Crickets appear to be entrained to the circadian mechanism in which they are reared (Wiedenmann, 1988; Wiedenmann et al., 1988), and photoperiod influences a variety of cricket behaviors including egg laying (Olvido et al., 1998), induction of embryonic diapause (Shiga and Numata, 1996), egg hatching (Olvido et al., 1998; Itoh and Sumi, 2000), nymphal growth rate (Carriere et al., 1996), and adult wing from (Masaki and Shimizu, 1995). Photoperiod is also known to influence mate signaling in a variety of insect species including calling onset and duration in gypsy moths, Lymantria disar (Webster and Yin, 1997), and calling onset and temporal pattern in Australian common armyworms, Mythimna convecta (Del Socorro, 1997). In crickets, however, the evidence that photoperiod affects acoustic mate signaling is suggestive but not conclusive. Photoperiod influences time spent calling in the house cricket, Acheta domesticus. In an experiment designed to test the effect of a strong electromagnetic field on the circadian singing activity, Shaw et al. (1995) found that control males (unexposed to the electromagnetic field) monitored in total darkness (0L:24D cycle) called significantly more often than males monitored in a more natural light cycle (12L:12D cycle). This research,
Deriving High-Resolution Reservoir Bathymetry From ICESat-2 Prototype Photon-Counting Lidar and Landsat Imagery

Knowledge of reservoir bathymetry is essential for many studies on terrestrial hydrological and biogeochemical processes. However, there are currently no cost-effective approaches to derive reservoir bathymetry at the global scale. This study explores the potential of generating high-resolution global bathymetry using elevation data collected by the 532-nm Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) onboard the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2). The novel algorithm was developed and tested using the ICESat-2 airborne prototype, the Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL), with Landsat-based water classifications (from 1982 to 2017). MABEL photon elevations were paired with Landsat water occurrence percentiles to establish the elevation–area (E–A) relationship, which in turn was applied to the percentile image to obtain partial bathymetry over the historic dynamic range of reservoir area. The bathymetry for the central area was projected to achieve the full bathymetry. The bathymetry image was then embedded onto the digital elevation model (DEM). Results were validated over Lake Mead against survey data. Results over four transects show coefficient of determination ( ${R} ^{2}$ ) values from 0.82 to 0.99 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) values from 1.18 to 2.36 m. In addition, the E–A and elevation–storage (E–S) curves have RMSEs of 1.56 m and 0.08 km3, respectively. Over the entire dynamic reservoir area, the derived bathymetry agrees very well with independent survey data, except for within the highest and lowest percentile bands. With abundant overpassing tracks and high spatial resolution, the newly launched ICESat-2 should enable the derivation of bathymetry over an unprecedented number of reservoirs.
Examining Risk: A Systematic Review of Perioperative Cardiac Risk Prediction Indices

Abstract Objective To conduct a systematic review of published cardiac risk indices relevant to patients undergoing noncardiac surgery and to provide clinically meaningful recommendations to physicians regarding the use of these indices. Methods A literature search of articles published from January 1, 1999, through December 28, 2018, was conducted in Ovid (MEDLINE), PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Publications describing models predicting risk of cardiac complications after noncardiac surgery were included and citation chaining was used to identify additional studies for inclusion. Results Eleven risk indices involving 2,910,297 adult patients were included in this analysis. Studies varied in size, population, quality, risk of bias, outcome event definitions, risk factors identified, index outputs, accuracy, and clinical usefulness. Studies considered 6 to 83 variables to develop their models. Among the identified models, the factors with the highest predictiveness for adverse cardiac outcomes included congestive heart failure, type of surgery, creatinine, diabetes, history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, and emergency surgery. Substantial data from the large studies also supports advancing age, American Society of Anesthesiology physical status classification, functional status, and hypertension as additional risks. Conclusion The risk indices identified generally fell into two groups — those with higher accuracy for predicting a narrow range of cardiac outcomes and those with lower accuracy for predicting a broader range of cardiac outcomes. Using one index from each group may be the most clinically useful approach. Risk factors identified varied widely among studies. In addition to judicious use of predictive indices, reasoned clinical judgment remains indispensable in assessing perioperative cardiac risk.
RELATIONS BETWEEN BODY- AND SPACE-TENSOR FORMALISMS

In continuum mechanics, a so-called convected coordinate system is used to describe strain rates to simplify the stress-strain relation for a perfectly elastic solid, to express the stress equations of motion, to formulate and solve problems in finite-strain elasticity theory, and to formulate admissible constitutive equations for viscoelastic materials. To establish the relation between the present body tensor formalism and these convected coordinate system, or convected component, formalisms, it would be sufficient to consider Oldroyd's paper, which is of fundamental and far-reaching importance in polymer rheology. A tensor is not the same thing as its components. Vector formalism has advantages for the description of rheological behavior of viscoelastic materials subjected to flow histories that are homogeneous but otherwise arbitrary: the embedded vector formalism shares the advantages of the body tensor formalism.
Plant-Based Dietary Patterns, Plant Foods, and Age-Related Cognitive Decline

The aging population is expanding, as is the prevalence of age-related cognitive decline (ARCD). Of the several risk factors that predict the onset and progression of ARCD, 2 important modifiable risk factors are diet and physical activity. Dietary patterns that emphasize plant foods can exert neuroprotective effects. In this comprehensive review, we examine studies in humans of plant-based dietary patterns and polyphenol-rich plant foods and their role in either preventing ARCD and/or improving cognitive function. As yet, there is no direct evidence to support the benefits of a vegetarian diet in preventing cognitive decline. However, there is emerging evidence for brain-health-promoting effects of several plant foods rich in polyphenols, anti-inflammatory dietary patterns, and plant-based dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet that include a variety of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and whole grains. The bioactive compounds present in these dietary patterns include antioxidant vitamins, polyphenols, other phytochemicals, and unsaturated fatty acids. In animal models these nutrients and non-nutrients have been shown to enhance neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal survival by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In this review, we summarize the mounting evidence in favor of plant-centered dietary patterns, inclusive of polyphenol-rich foods for cognitive well-being. Randomized clinical trials support the role of plant foods (citrus fruits, grapes, berries, cocoa, nuts, green tea, and coffee) in improving specific domains of cognition, most notably frontal executive function. We also identify knowledge gaps and recommend future studies to identify whether plant-exclusive diets have an added cognitive advantage compared with plant-centered diets with fish and/or small amounts of animal foods.
On the Approximate Nearest Neighbor Queries among Curves under the Fr\'echet Distance

Approximate nearest neighbor search (\textsc{ANNS}) is a long-studied problem in computational geometry that has received considerable attentions by researchers in the community. In this paper, we revisit the problem in the presence of curves under the Frechet distance. Given a set ${\cal P}$ of $n$ curves of size at most $m$ each in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and a real $\delta>0$, we aim to preprocess ${\cal P}$ into a data structure so that for any given query curve $Q$ of size $k$, report all curves in ${\cal P}$ whose Frechet distances to $Q$ are at most $\delta$. In case that $k$ is known in the preprocessing stage we propose a fully deterministic data structure whose space is $O(n({32d^{1/2}/\varepsilon^3})^{d(k+1)} )$ and can answer the \textsc{$(1+\varepsilon)\delta$-ANNS} queries in $O(kd)$ query time. Considering $k$ as part of the query slightly changes the space to $O( n({64d^{1/2}/\varepsilon^3})^{md} )$ with $O(kd)$ query time within $5(1+\varepsilon)$ approximation factor. We also show that our data structure could give an alternative treatment of the approximate subtrajectory range counting (\textsc{ASRC}) problem studied by de Berg et al.~\cite{bcg-ffq-13}.
Biological Relevance of Tissue Liquidity and Viscoelasticity

An emerging theme in developmental biology is the interplay of genetic and generic (i.e. physical) mechanisms[2, 15]. As the embryo grows its cells progressively organize into tissues with vastly differing physical properties extending from liquid (e.g. blood) to solid (e.g. bone). In more biological terms, different tissues are the consequence of cell differentiation. It is the particular differentiated state that gives rise to the specific physical-material properties of the cell. On the other hand the emerging physical characteristics feed back into development and restrict its outcomes[2].The embryonic state is particularly convenient for the study of this interplay because at this stage the organism is in a state of constant change involving active cell movement, it has not yet rigidified into more or less permanent structures and thus the effects of physical processes are more conspicuous.
National trends in the use of PSA, urinalysis, and digital rectal exam for evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms in men

The purpose of this study was to describe the practices of primary care physicians (PCPs) and urologists in their implementation of the 2010 American Urological Association (AUA) recommendations for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a nationally representative sample. Data collected from 2008 to 2015 in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) were used. Men aged 45 and older who presented with either a new complaint or exacerbation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were included. Primary outcomes were the prevalence and determinants of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, urinalysis (UA), and digital rectal exam (DRE), as all three were included in the AUA guidelines during the time period studied. In logistic regression analyses weighted to reflect national estimates, potential determinants of adherence for each testing modality were examined. Between 2008 and 2015, 878 visits met inclusion criteria, corresponding to 14,399,121 ambulatory visits for new or exacerbated LUTS. Weighted prevalence estimates were 24% for PSA testing (95% CI: 19–29%), 61% for urinalysis (95% CI: 56–66%), and 18% for DRE (95% CI: 15–23%). Age ≥ 75 years was associated with lower prevalence of testing for all three tests, and region was associated with different testing estimates for PSA and UA. Patients referred to urologists were more likely to receive a DRE, although overall rates of DRE decreased per additional year of data. Adherence to AUA guidelines for evaluation of LUTS in ambulatory visits was low in a nationally representative sample of Americans, particularly for PSA testing and DRE, suggesting substantial discordance between guidelines at the time and practice patterns. Practice patterns also differed by age and region. These discrepancies encourage increased education of providers in the implementation of the guidelines, particularly since they have been updated recently.
Non-Euclidean Geometry

Certainly one of the greatest mathematical discoveries of the nineteenth century was that of non-Euclidean geometry: seen but not revealed by Gauss, and developed in all its glory by Bolyai and Lobachevsky. The purpose of this chapter is to give an account of this theory, but we do not always follow the historical development. Rather, with hindsight we use those methods that seem to shed the most light on the subject. For example, continuity arguments have been replaced by a more axiomatic treatment.
Does Time in Team Training Matter? Evaluation of Team-Level Attitudes With Interprofessional Education

Abstract Background Health care requires multidisciplinary team collaboration to achieve safe, high-quality care; however, team instruction lags behind practice needs. Questions remain about how best to design and deliver interprofessional team training, including the effect of time distribution of training, or how best to measure success regarding collaborative practice competency. Methods A two-group, pre-/post-quasi-experimental design was used with interprofessional teams made up of nursing, medical, and respiratory therapy students (n = 24 teams) to determine how two team training methods affected teamwork attitude after cardiac arrest simulation. Results There was a statistically significant increase for the within-group comparison for all groups in teamwork attitude scores (p = .001), but no differences between groups comparing a one-day delivery to multiple-days (p = .76). Conclusions Change in teamwork attitude can occur over a short period, regardless of time distribution of team training instruction. These findings provide evidence that scheduling training in a way that is convenient can be equally effective.
Reducing Risk of Ventilator Associated Events During Ventilated Transports

Background: Ventilated transport procedure changes and increased infection prevention has reduced the risk of Ventilator Associated Events from occurring during transport. Ventilator Associated Events (VAE) cost an estimated 48,000.00 per event, according to the US Department of Health and Human Services. As a larger goal of reducing VAE, ventilated transports were identified as a high risk procedure due to risk of; aspiration, multiple disconnections from the ventilator and possible circuit contamination while not in use. Methods: The transport procedure was revised in collaboration with the Infection Prevention Department to include more stringent infection control procedures. Procedural steps were added to ensure airway care was performed prior to transport. This included cuff pressure management, completing above and below cuff as well as oral suctioning and confirming tube placement. Additional steps were added to ensure proper infection control of the ICU ventilator circuit while not in use. Bacterial filters or circuit caps were required on all ventilator circuits while not in use in order to reduce the risk of contamination if not sealed properly. A transport audit tool was created to evaluate transport procedure and perform corrective action in real time. Transport audits helped identify points of improvement for staff. The primary deficiencies found were in regards to the pre transport airway management. Along with real time corrective education, deficiency information was reported in staff meetings, leadership meetings and communicated to staff as points of education. Results: After revising transport procedures and staff education, transport audits showed that the number of deficiencies decreased dramatically. Transport procedures with no deficiencies increased from 33% to 75% in a 3-month period. Conclusions: The creation of an audit tool in tandem with revised ventilated transport procedures allowed for identification of points of needed improvement and staff reeducation. This has increased the awareness and quality of patient care during ventilated transport therefore reducing the risk of ventilator-assoicated events.
Have the gender differences in commuting been shrinking or persistent? Evidence from two-earner households in the U.S.

This study explores gender differences in commute behavior with a focus on two-earner households using data from the 2001, 2009 and 2017 U.S. National Household Travel Surveys (NHTS). To understand...
Effects of ACL reconstruction surgery on muscle activity of the lower limb during a jump-cut maneuver in males and females

We compared muscle activity of the quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius muscles when ACL-intact (ACL(INT)) and ACL-reconstructed (ACL(REC)) male and female subjects performed a jump-cut task. Surface electromyography sensors were used to evaluate time to peak muscle activity and muscle activity ratios. Rectus femoris (RF) and vastus medialis (VM) peak timing was 71 and 78 ms earlier in ACL(INT) than in ACL(REC) subjects, respectively. Biceps femoris (BF) peak timing was 90 ms earlier in ACL(INT) than in ACL(REC) subjects and 75 ms earlier in females than in males. Medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle peak timing was 77 ms earlier in ACL(INT) than in ACL(REC) subjects. Lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and MG muscle peak times were 106 ms and 87 ms earlier in females than in males, respectively. The RF, VM, BF, and MG peaked later in ACL(REC) than in ACL(INT) subjects. There was evidence suggesting that the loading phase quadriceps:hamstring (quad:ham) muscle activity ratio was greater in ACL(REC) than in ACL(INT) subjects. Finally, the injury risk phase quad:ham muscle activity ratio was 4.8 times greater in females than in males. In conclusion, differences exist in muscle activity related to ACL status and sex that could potentially help explain graft failure risk and the sex bias.
Matching a wavelet to ECG signal.

In this paper we develop an approach to synthesize a wavelet that matches the ECG signal. Matching a wavelet to a signal of interest has potential advantages in extracting signal features with greater accuracy, particularly when the signal is contaminated with noise. The approach that we have taken is based on the theoretical work done by Chapa and Rao (10). We have applied their technique to a noise-free ECG signal representing one cardiac cycle. Results indicate that a matched wavelet, that was able to capture the broad ECG features, could be obtained. Such a wavelet could be used to extract ECG features such as QRS complexes and P&T waves with greater accuracy. I. INTRODUCTION
Acquisition of thymidylate by the obligate intracytoplasmic bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii.

The pathway for the acquisition of thymidylate in the obligate bacterial parasite Rickettsia prowazekii was determined. R. prowazekii growing in host cells with or without thymidine kinase failed to incorporate into its DNA the [3H]thymidine added to the culture. In the thymidine kinase-negative host cells, the label available to the rickettsiae in the host cell cytoplasm would have been thymidine, and in the thymidine kinase-positive host cells, it would have been both thymidine and TMP. Further support for the inability to utilize thymidine was the lack of thymidine kinase activity in extracts of R. prowazekii. However, [3H]uridine incorporation into the DNA of R. prowazekii was demonstrable (973 +/- 57 dpm/3 x 10(8) rickettsiae). This labeling of rickettsial DNA suggests the transport of uracil, uridine, uridine phosphates (UXP), or 29-deoxyuridine phosphates, the conversion of the labeled precursor to thymidylate, and subsequent incorporation into DNA. This is supported by the demonstration of thymidylate synthase activity in extracts of R. prowazekii. The enzyme was determined to have a specific activity of 310 +/- 40 pmol/min/mg of protein and was inhibited greater than or equal to 70% by 5-fluoro-dUMP. The inability of R. prowazekii to utilize uracil was suggested by undetectable uracil phosphoribosyltransferase activity and by its inability to grow (less than 10% of control) in a uridine-starved mutant cell line (Urd-A) supplemented with 50 microM to 1 mM uracil. In contrast, the rickettsiae were able to grow in Urd-A cells that were uridine starved and supplemented with 20 microM uridine (117% of control). However, no measurable uridine kinase activity could be measured in extracts of R. prowazekii. Normal rickettsial growth (92% of control) was observed when the host cell was blocked with thymidine so that the host cell9s dUXP pool was depressed to a level inadequate for growth and DNA synthesis in the host cell. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that rickettsiae transport UXP from the host cell9s cytoplasm and that they synthesize TTP from UXP.
Release of Lipopolysaccharide in Escherichia coli Resistant to the Permeability Increase Induced by Ethylenediaminetetraacetate

Abstract Mutants of Escherichia coli that fail to show the characteristic increase in permeability induced by brief treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetate have been isolated. They were examined to see whether they release lipopolysaccharide as expected during such a treatment. Mutants derived from two strains released only 20 to 40% less lipopolysaccharide than their parents, but further analysis of one mutant and its parent showed that this represented reduction of a specific lipopolysaccharide fraction. Both organisms released two lipopolysaccharide components differing in sedimentation rate in sucrose density gradients, but while both released similar amounts of the faster moving component, the mutant released only about one-third as much of the slower moving component. These results suggest that release of the slower component may be required for the permeability increase induced by EDTA.
55.0 Gbit/cm data bandwidth density interface in 0.5 [micro sign]m CMOS for advanced parallel optical interconnects

The authors demonstrate that low cost 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology may be used to form a bridge between a slow parallel electrical interface and a very high-speed parallel optical interface. The 1 cm wide integrated circuit produced has a bisection data bandwidth of 55 Gbit/s and dissipates 5.7 W.
MOVENDO-SE ATRAVÉS DA DIFERENÇA: DANÇA E DEFICIÊNCIA

This article focuses on the notion of disability, questioning the ways in which professional dance has traditionally been structured by an exclusionary mindset that projects a vision of a dancer as white, female, thin, long-limbed, flexible and able-bodied. It also addresses the growing desire to radically revise this paradigm reenvisioning what kinds of movements can constitute a dance and, by extension, what kind of body can constitute a dancer. Although most of the discussion is centered in specific dances and in several critical responses to them, it is also proposed to reveal the complex ways in which the opposition of fit and frail bodies is implicated within many of the dominant cultural paradigms of health and self-determination.
Antiviral immunotherapy: emerging approaches with relevance to cutaneous disease

Recent developments in the characterization of the receptors and pathways of the innate immune system, and of the mechanisms of activation of adaptive immunity, have opened new possibilities for modulation of the immune response to eradicate neoplasms and to overcome resistant viral infections. The discovery of numerous and varied pattern recognition receptors and their ligands have helped to explain the success of older therapies, and paved the way for the novel immunomodulator, imiquimod, which demonstrates the practical applicability of immunomodulation to cutaneous disease. In this review we summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms of activation of innate immunity to viral disease, available therapies and agents in development for cutaneous antiviral immunomodulation, and the implications of the current restructuring of the understanding of cell-mediated immunity, the desired end point of innate immunomodulation, on future immunomodulatory modalities.
Some varieties of robustness

It is widely believed that robustness (of inferences, measurements, models, phenomena and relationships discovered in empirical investigation etc.) is a Good Thing. However, there are many different notions of robustness. These often differ both in their normative credentials and in the conditions that warrant their deployment. Failure to distinguish among these notions can result in the uncritical transfer of considerations which support one notion to contexts in which another notion is being deployed. This paper surveys several different notions of robustness and tries to identify why (and in what circumstances) each is valuable or appealing. I begin by discussing the notion of robustness addressed in Aldrich's paper (robustness as insensitivity of the results of inference to alternative specifications) and then discuss how this relates to robustness of derivations, robustness of measurement results, and robustness as a mark of casual as opposed to (merely) correlational relationships.
Geolinguistics, culture, and politics in the development and maintenance of Tajiki

The importance the Soviet government placed on language and language planning in the creation of identity and space with a view to the ultimate creation of a Soviet culture is here explored through the lens of geolinguistics. Linguists, poets, and politicians were organized to educate each ethnic group and to socialize them within communism. Using the country of Tajikistan as an example, a new language, Tajiki, was created and implemented throughout all education curricula. That this language was never fully embraced by the population shows the difficulty in political language planning as well as the resilience of language as a measure of cultural identity in the face of a government's effort to ultimately supplant it with the more acceptable “international” language of Russian. Given that the current government of Tajikistan is still made up of former Soviet officials, it comes as no surprise that it has continued to use literary Tajiki as one of the primary bases for Tajik culture as expressed in the Re...
Prospects for an Industrial Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser

This work evaluates the prospects of developing a chemical oxygen-iodine laser which could be used for cutting, welding, and other material processing applications that can benefit from a high-power, high-brightness, fiber-delivered laser beam. It shows how application-specific requirements drive the technological and economic considerations of the iodine laser.
Domestic and intimate violence: An application of routine activities theory

Much individual-level research in criminology is based on deterministic models of street-crime and suite-crime. Factors that constrain individuals to crime or conformity are predominant. This paper explores the advantages of a more soft determinism in explaining crime; especially intimate violence. Routine activities theory, which assumes freedom of action and rational choice, is used here to analyze patterns of intimate violence, especially, child sexual abuse. Marcus Felson's model of predatory crime provides a unique interpretation of intimate violence. Criminal incidents involve the physical convergence of three elements: a motivated offender; a suitable target; and the absence of a capable guardian. The convergence of these factors in intimate violence is analyzed; the potential of routine activity theory in explaining domestic abuse is assessed. Finally, suggestions for crime control in intimate violence based on routine activities theory are presented.
Longitudinal analysis of physical activity and symptoms as predictors of change in functional limitations and disability in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: This longitudinal, observational study examined changes in physical activity and symptomsas correlates of changes in functional limitations and disability across a 6-month period amongindividuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Method: Individuals with MS wore an accelerometer for a7-day period and completed a battery of measures including the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Ques-tionnaire (Godin & Shephard, 1985), Symptom Inventory (Schwartz, Vollmer, & Lee, 1999), MS-Related Symptom Checklist (Gulick, 1989), and abbreviated Late-Life Function and Disability Inventory(McAuley, Konopack, Motl, Rosengren, & Morris, 2005) at baseline ( n 292) and 6-month follow-up(n 276).ThedatawereanalyzedusingpanelanalysiswithlatentvariablesinAMOS16.0. Results: Thestandardized coef cients indicated that (a) change in physical activity was associated with residualchange in function ( .22), (b) change in symptoms was associated with residual changes in bothfunction ( .29) and disability ( .15), and (c) change in function was associated with residualchange in disability ( .20). Conclusion: Our ndings indicate that change in physical activity isassociated with change in disability through a pathway that is consistent with Nagis (1976) DisablementModel and its extension in individuals with MS.Keywords: exercise, neurodegenerative disease, impairment
Shuttlebox avoidance in Norway rats from infancy to maturity

Shuttlebox avoidance of Sprague-Dawley rats 15, 17, 21-22, 36-37, and 90-100 days old was examined. Avoidance of 15- and 17-day-old rats was lower than that of older animals. Avoidance improved markedly from 17 to 36 days of age but declined at 90 days of age. Behavioral and physiological bases for these findings are considered.