cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Thermoelectric Power and Stripes in Cuprate Superconductors

Magnetic, pressure, and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments on several perovskite-related transition-metal oxides at the crossover from localized to itinerant electronic behavior reveal strong electron coupling not only to static, but also to dynamic oxygen displacements. They indicate a breakdown of the Brinkman-Rice strong-correlation model before long-range magnetic order is stabilized. The superconductive copper oxides appear to stabilize a distinguishable thermodynamic state below a T1∼300 K, where a multicenter polaron gas condenses into a polaron liquid that progressively orders into mobile stripes as the temperature is lowered to Tc. It is suggested that itinerant vibronic states are formed as a result of coupling of itinerant electrons to dynamic oxygen displacements along the Cu-O bond axes in the mobile stripes. Such vibronic states would be responsible for a remarkable transfer of spectral weight to states propagating parallel to the bond axes. The transfer of spectral weight is responsible for the anisotropy of the superconductive gap and an enhancement of the thermoelectric power in the interval Tc<T<T1 that is uniquely associated with the high-Tc superconductive phenomenon.
Transient HIV-1 Gag–protease interactions revealed by paramagnetic NMR suggest origins of compensatory drug resistance mutations

Cleavage of the group-specific antigen (Gag) polyprotein by HIV-1 protease represents the critical first step in the conversion of immature noninfectious viral particles to mature infectious virions. Selective pressure exerted by HIV-1 protease inhibitors, a mainstay of current anti-HIV-1 therapies, results in the accumulation of drug resistance mutations in both protease and Gag. Surprisingly, a large number of these mutations (known as secondary or compensatory mutations) occur outside the active site of protease or the cleavage sites of Gag (located within intrinsically disordered linkers connecting the globular domains of Gag to one another), suggesting that transient encounter complexes involving the globular domains of Gag may play a role in guiding and facilitating access of the protease to the Gag cleavage sites. Here, using large fragments of Gag, as well as catalytically inactive and active variants of protease, we probe the nature of such rare encounter complexes using intermolecular paramagnetic relaxation enhancement, a highly sensitive technique for detecting sparsely populated states. We show that Gag-protease encounter complexes are primarily mediated by interactions between protease and the globular domains of Gag and that the sites of transient interactions are correlated with surface exposed regions that exhibit a high propensity to mutate in the presence of HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
Does brain functional connectivity alter across similar trials during imaging experiments

In a typical functional brain imaging experiment, brain activities in response to several trials are measured. Recorded signals are then averaged across similar trials for each channel/voxel to obtain time-courses associated with the task of interest. Majority of functional connectivity studies employ these averaged signals to study brain's functional connections across channels/voxels. The assumption here, however, is that functional connections among brain networks do not change across trials during the course of the experiment. In this paper, we argue that this assumption may not always hold true. Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), brain activities of five healthy adults in response to modified visual oddball task are recorded. Wavelet transform coherence (WTC) is then used to assess functional connectivity by considering recordings corresponding to three scenarios: i) the first half of total number of similar trials, ii) the second half of total number similar trials, and iii) the entire number of similar trials. Nonparametric permutation testing is utilized to examine the statistical difference in functional connectivity when assessed in these three scenarios. Observed differences suggest that brain's functional connectivity across similar trials changes during the course of the experiment, potentially due to changes in functional connections among brain networks as a result of task repetition.
Resource Use and Medicare Costs During Lay Navigation for Geriatric Patients With Cancer.

Importance Lay navigators in the Patient Care Connect Program support patients with cancer from diagnosis through survivorship to end of life. They empower patients to engage in their health care and navigate them through the increasingly complex health care system. Navigation programs can improve access to care, enhance coordination of care, and overcome barriers to timely, high-quality health care. However, few data exist regarding the financial implications of implementing a lay navigation program. Objective To examine the influence of lay navigation on health care spending and resource use among geriatric patients with cancer within The University of Alabama at Birmingham Health System Cancer Community Network. Design, Setting, and Participants This observational study from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2015, used propensity score–matched regression analysis to compare quarterly changes in the mean total Medicare costs and resource use between navigated patients and nonnavigated, matched comparison patients. The setting was The University of Alabama at Birmingham Health System Cancer Community Network, which includes 2 academic and 10 community cancer centers across Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, and Tennessee. Participants were Medicare beneficiaries with cancer who received care at participating institutions from 2012 through 2015. Exposures The primary exposure was contact with a patient navigator. Navigated patients were matched to nonnavigated patients on age, race, sex, cancer acuity (high vs low), comorbidity score, and preenrollment characteristics (costs, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and chemotherapy in the preenrollment quarter). Main Outcomes and Measures Total costs to Medicare, components of cost, and resource use (emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and intensive care unit admissions). Results In total, 12 428 patients (mean (SD) age at cancer diagnosis, 75 (7) years; 52.0% female) were propensity score matched, including 6214 patients in the navigated group and 6214 patients in the matched nonnavigated comparison group. Compared with the matched comparison group, the mean total costs declined by $781.29 more per quarter per navigated patient (β = −781.29, SE = 45.77, P P Conclusions and Relevance Costs to Medicare and health care use from 2012 through 2015 declined significantly for navigated patients compared with matched comparison patients. Lay navigation programs should be expanded as health systems transition to value-based health care.
Hollow Fiber Oxygenator Composition Has a Significant Impact on Failure Rates in Neonates on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Retrospective Analysis.

In extracorporeal life support (ECLS), there are two main types of oxygenators in clinical use for neonates: polymethylpentene (PMP) hollow fiber and polypropylene (PP) hollow fiber. A retrospective study was performed on neonates (n = 44) who had undergone ECLS for noncardiac indications from 2009 to 2015. Between the two groups (PMP n = 21, PP n = 23), the PP oxygenators failed 91% of the time, whereas the PMP oxygenators failed 43% of the time (p
THE ROLE OF CHLORIDE AND OTHER ANIONS IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BICARBONATE REGULATION

Recent work has supported a hypothesis for CSF bicarbonate regulation in respiratory acidosis and alkalosis and in metabolic alkalosis which states that CSF bicarbonate is determined by: (1) tissue PC0 2 (2) plasma bicarbonate1 ,2, 3, 4, 5 The PC0 2 determined process in brain tissue appears to be in part related to carbonic anhydrase3, 5. The plasma bicarbonate determined process reflects the effect of changes in plasma bicarbonate concentration on the ionic movement of bicarbonate across the bloodbrain-barrier1,2,3,4,5. In the studies which support this hypothesis and in most studies of CSF acid-base regulation, alterations in plasma bicarbonate have been made by intravenous infusions of base or acid. These solutions have rarely been isosmotic. As it has been shown that small changes in serum osmolarity can affect bulk flow of fluid into or out of the CSF6 it seems possible that changes in serum osmolarity could alter CSF bicarbonate regulation.
Ethanol and primary attraction of red turpentine beetle in fire stressed ponderosa pine

Abstract Trees injured and weakened by wild or prescribed fires are susceptible to bark beetle attacks. Nonaggressive Dendroctonus valens in North American forests is often the first bark beetle to colonize fire injured pine. Although not an important contributor to post-fire mortality it does vector pathogens, and surviving diseased trees may serve as pathogen redistribution centers. Traps baited with both ethanol and monoterpene lures are known to attract D. valens , and fire injured pine are known to accumulate ethanol in tissues containing monoterpenes. The primary objective of this study was to quantify ethanol concentrations in fire injured ponderosa pine tissue near pioneering D. valens gallery entrances and compare them with levels from the unattacked side of the same tree, or their unattacked neighbors. The secondary objective was to quantify α-pinene in the same samples. Two separate but related studies were conducted, one in a June wildfire, the other in an October prescribed fire, near Bend, Oregon, USA where phloem and sapwood cores were collected for analysis by headspace gas chromatography. Wildfire damaged trees attacked by D. valens were sampled above beetle gallery entrance holes and on the opposite bole side without an entrance hole. An adjacent unattacked tree of similar size and injury was sampled at the same aspect and height. Prescribed fire damaged trees were sampled in groups of three characterized by: (1) one or more D. valens attacks with 100% crown scorch; (2) unattacked with 100% crown scorch; and (3) unattacked with ≤95% crown scorch. They were sampled above a beetle gallery entrance or equivalent positions on unattacked trees. Ethanol and α-pinene concentrations at both fires were higher in tissues above beetle entrance holes than in corresponding tissues from unattacked sides of the same tree, or adjacent trees. Ethanol concentrations in wildfire damaged trees were three or more orders of magnitude greater than in prescribed fire trees, likely a consequence of wildfire trees experiencing higher temperatures and greater heat stress indicated by injury measurements. Ethanol concentrations in stem bark char, analyzed only in the prescribed fire were two to four orders of magnitude greater than in the underlying phloem, a result of it being adsorbed and concentrated during outward diffusion. Ethanol synthesis, accumulation, and atmospheric release in combination with host monoterpenes, is proposed as the critical physiological process contributing to initial D. valens host tree and bole position selection of fire stressed ponderosa pine.
Clinical Effectiveness of Hydralazine–Isosorbide Dinitrate in African-American Patients With Heart Failure

Abstract Objectives This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of hydralazine–isosorbide dinitrate (H-ISDN) in African Americans with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Background Among African-American patients with HFrEF, H-ISDN was found to improve quality of life and lower HF-related hospitalization and mortality rates in the A-HEFT (African-American Heart Failure Trial). Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of this therapy in clinical practice. Methods Veterans Affairs patients with a hospital admission for HF between 2007 and 2013 were screened. Inclusion criteria included African-American race, left ventricular ejection fraction 2.0 mg/dl, or intolerance to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Adjusted hazard ratios were calculated for patients who received H-ISDN 6-months before admission compared with patients who did not receive H-ISDN, by using inverse probability weighting of propensity scores and a time to death analysis for 18 months of follow-up. Propensity scores were generated using patients’ characteristics, left ventricular ejection fraction, laboratory values, and hospital characteristics. Results The final cohort included 5,168 African-American patients with HF (mean age 65.2 years), with 15.2% treated with H-ISDN before index admission. After 18 months, there were 1,275 reported deaths (24.7%). The adjusted mortality rate at 18 months was 22.1% for patients receiving H-ISDN treatment and 25.2% for untreated patients (p = 0.009); adjusted hazard ratio: 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.73 to 1.00; p = 0.057). Conclusions H-ISDN remains underused in African-American patients with HFrEF. In this cohort, the study found that H-ISDN use was associated with lower mortality rates in African-American patients with HFrEF when controlling for patient selection by using an inverse probability weighting of propensity scores.
The Effect of Implied Performer Age and Group Membership on Evaluations of Music Performances.

This study examined the effects of implied performer age and group membership on listeners’ evaluations of music performances. Undergraduate music majors (n = 23), nonmusic majors (n = 17), and mem...
Invasive mucinous carcinoma of the breast and response patterns after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

AIMS Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is often used to treat localised invasive breast cancer. Invasive mucinous carcinoma (IMC) is considered to be an indolent form of invasive breast cancer, and is rarely treated with NAC. We report the largest series of IMCs treated with NAC, and report a characteristic, but not well recognised, pattern of pathological response. METHODS AND RESULTS Our series included seven patients with IMC treated with NAC. Three patients presented with locally advanced disease, three patients had tumours that were HER-2/neu-positive, and four patients had tumours with admixed mucinous and micropapillary features. Clinical and imaging assessment of response showed persistent and, in some cases, progressive disease, despite evidence of significant pathological response in these cases. Pathological assessment after NAC demonstrated marked reduction in tumour cellularity, but persistent space-occupying mucin pools, showing acellular mucin in one case, <1% tumour cellularity in three cases, and 5-10% cellularity in three cases in both the treated breast and axillary lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS Persistent mass-forming low-cellular or acellular mucin pools can result in discordant clinical, imaging and pathological findings in IMC treated with NAC.
Preoperative Ultrasound: If You Don’t Look, You Don’t Know

The purpose of this article is to review the literature relevant to point of care ultrasound (POCUS) with an emphasis on the application of ultrasound in preoperative assessment. It addresses the use of cardiac, lung, gastric, and vascular ultrasonography. The use of POCUS as an adjunct to the physical examination is gaining traction as high-quality equipment becomes increasingly portable and dramatically more affordable. While the literature on preoperative ultrasound by anesthesiologists is limited, there is growing evidence that it is not only feasible, but also improves patient morbidity and mortality. Anesthesiologists frequently encounter patients with signs and symptoms of heart failure, significant cardiac murmurs, hemodynamic instability, unexplained dyspnea, and unknown gastric contents. Studies to date show that POCUS can change management of these patients and improve morbidity without delaying care. Randomized trials are needed to validate these findings. Professional societies in anesthesiology need to define standards for POCUS training, as well as establish mechanisms for certification and maintenance of proficiency.
Essentials of Genomics in the Continuum of Translational Research

New developments in the genomics field have led to increasing expectations for its impact on clinical practice and disease prevention. There is a need to develop comprehensive research guidelines so that human genome discoveries can be translated into health practice. This should be done in a way that maximizes health benefits and minimizes harm to individuals and populations.
The Relevance of Lewis Acid-Base Chemistry to Surface Interactions

This overview paper summarizes the current status of the Lewis acid-base or generalized donor-acceptor concepts and their application to solubility theory and related problems in the fields of surface end colloid chemistry. Simple second-order perturbation theory is then used to evaluate the pros and cons of various empirical treatments of Lewis acid-base strengths currently found in the literature and to clarify both their limitations and their relation to currently popular empirical approaches to surface and solubility phenomena.
The impact of small unmanned airborne platforms on passive optical remote sensing: a conceptual perspective

Unmanned airborne systems (UAS), particularly the class of UAS referred to as small-unmanned airborne systems (S-UAS), have the potential to revolutionize the science, practice, and role of remote ...
Boltzmann Transport Equation

The theory of nonlinear electronic transport in semiconductors is mostly based on the Boltzmann transport equation (BET) and “natural” extensions of it. Consequently there exists an enormous amount of original papers and reviews on that subject1. From a general point of view, there is probably no need for reviewing the Boltzmann equation once more. The following treatment is meant to provide an introduction and reference guide for the participants of this summer school who are new in the area.
Compact Channel Routing of Multiterminal Nets

In this paper we describe a novel technique for solving the channel routing problem of multiterminal nets. The layout is produced column-by-column in a left-to-right scan: the number t of used tracks satisfies the bound δ ≤ t ≤ δ+α(0 ≤ δ−1), where δ is the density of the problem. The technique behaves equivalently to known optimal methods for two-terminal net problems. For a channel routing problem with C columns and n nets, the algorithms run in time O(Clogn) and produces layouts that are provably wirable in three layers.
The characteristic release of noble gases from an underground nuclear explosion.

Abstract Prompt release of gases at the ground surface resulting from explosively propagated vents or large operational releases has typically been considered to be the only mode of transport for detonation gases from an underground nuclear explosion (UNE) giving rise to detectable levels of radioxenon gases in downwind atmospheric samples captured at distances exceeding 100 km. Using a model for thermally and barometrically driven post-detonation transport across the broad surface of a simulated UNE site, we show in conjunction with the results of an atmospheric tracer-release experiment that even deep, well-contained UNEs, without prompt vents or leaks, are potentially detectable tens of kilometers downwind with current technology; distances that are significant for localizing the source of detected atmospheric signals during on-site monitoring or inspection. For a given yield, the bulk permeability of the UNE site and to a lesser extent the depth of detonation appear to be the primary source-term parameters controlling the distance of detection from the detonation point. We find for test-site bulk permeabilities exceeding 1 darcy (10−12 m2) that broad-area surface fluxes of radioxenon gas exhibit exponential dependence on permeability resulting in order-of-magnitude enhancements of surface flux for changes in permeability of only a darcy. Simulations of subsurface transport assuming a canonical detonation-depth-versus-nuclear-yield relationship generally resulted in larger atmospheric signals for shallower, lower-yield explosions allowing downwind detection at distances greater than 1000 km. Additionally, atmospheric simulations suggest that the lowest atmospheric boundary layer heights, such as occur at night, produced concentrations above minimum detectable levels at the greatest distances downwind.
Needle in a Haystack: Tracking Down Elite Phishing Domains in the Wild

Today's phishing websites are constantly evolving to deceive users and evade the detection. In this paper, we perform a measurement study on squatting phishing domains where the websites impersonate trusted entities not only at the page content level but also at the web domain level. To search for squatting phishing pages, we scanned five types of squatting domains over 224 million DNS records and identified 657K domains that are likely impersonating 702 popular brands. Then we build a novel machine learning classifier to detect phishing pages from both the web and mobile pages under the squatting domains. A key novelty is that our classifier is built on a careful measurement of evasive behaviors of phishing pages in practice. We introduce new features from visual analysis and optical character recognition (OCR) to overcome the heavy content obfuscation from attackers. In total, we discovered and verified 1,175 squatting phishing pages. We show that these phishing pages are used for various targeted scams, and are highly effective to evade detection. More than 90% of them successfully evaded popular blacklists for at least a month.
P-001 A simple animal model for the pre-clinical evaluation of liquid embolic agents and adjunctive devices used in transvenous retrograde embolization of arteriovenous malformations

Objective Traditionally, embolization of cerebral AVMs has been performed by trans-arterial injection of liquid embolic agent (LEA) into the nidus of the AVM. Recently transvenous retrograde embolization (TvRE) has been reported to be successful in the treatment of some AVMs. An appropriate animal model might be useful for pre-clinical testing of newer LEAs as well as any adjunctive devices, which are being developed for TvRE. Flow reversal in the Swine rete mirable (RM) has been shown to result in conditions mimicking AVM physiology.1 Herein, we report on the feasibility of using an Swine model with flow reversal for pre-clinical evaluation of a LEA with an adjunctive embolic containment device (ECD) for the performance of TvRE. Methods The experiments were carried out in two adult Yorkshire Swine specimens. General anesthesia was induced, and following femoral arterial access, an 8 French Flow Gate (Stryker, USA) Balloon Guide catheter (BGC) was advanced into the left internal carotid artery. A Headway Duo Microcatheter and a 0.021’ microcatheter were advanced through the BGC into the ascending pharyngeal artery supplying the RM. The BGC was inflated to produce flow reversal in the RM, and a novel ECD was deployed through the 0.021’ microcatheter and positioned proximal to the tip of the Duo Microcatheter. An LEA (PHIL, Microvention, USA) was then retrogradely injected into the RM, through the Duo Microcatheter. The ECD was left detached at the end of the procedure. Results In both specimens, there was good retrograde flow of the LEA into the RM and LEA was not seen to reflux below the proximal ECD marker (figure 1). Conclusion Flow reversal in the Ovine RM, produced by endovascular balloon occlusion can provide a simple model for the pre-clinical testing of LEAs and adjunctive devices used for TvRE in cerebral AVMs. Reference Siekmann R, Wakloo AJ, Brauch B, et al. Modification of previously described arteriovenous malformation model in the swine: Endovascular and combined surgical/endovascular construction and hemodynamics. Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:1722–1725. Disclosures B. Jagadeesan: 1; C; Microvention, Medtronic. 2; C; Microvention, CvRx. S. Moen: None. R. Tummala: None. A. Grande: None.
The mechanical response of cellular materials with spinodal topologies

Abstract The mechanical response of cellular materials with spinodal topologies is numerically and experimentally investigated. Spinodal microstructures are generated by the numerical solution of the Cahn-Hilliard equation. Two different topologies are investigated: ‘solid models,’ where one of the two phases is modeled as a solid material and the remaining volume is void space; and ‘shell models,’ where the interface between the two phases is assumed to be a solid shell, with the rest of the volume modeled as void space. In both cases, a wide range of relative densities and spinodal characteristic feature sizes are investigated. The topology and morphology of all the numerically generated models are carefully characterized to extract key geometrical features and ensure that the distribution of curvatures and the aging law are consistent with the physics of spinodal decomposition. Finite element meshes are generated for each model, and the uniaxial compressive stiffness and strength are extracted. We show that while solid spinodal models in the density range of 30–70% are relatively inefficient (i.e., their strength and stiffness exhibit a high-power scaling with relative density), shell spinodal models in the density range of 0.01–1% are exceptionally stiff and strong. Spinodal shell materials are also shown to be remarkably imperfection insensitive. These findings are verified experimentally by in-situ uniaxial compression of polymeric samples printed at the microscale by Direct Laser Writing (DLW). At low relative densities, the strength and stiffness of shell spinodal models outperform those of most lattice materials and approach theoretical bounds for isotropic cellular materials. Most importantly, these materials can be produced by self-assembly techniques over a range of length scales, providing unique scalability.
Resilience Among Caregivers of Injured Service Members: Finding the Strengths in Caregiving

Abstract Objective To examine the relationships between caregiver resilience and a comprehensive set of sociodemographic and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) predictors among both caregivers and injured service members. Design Cross-sectional analysis of an observational cohort. Setting Community dwelling. Participants Caregivers (n=87) who provide instrumental or emotional support to injured service members (n=73)(N=160). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25-item version. Results Higher caregiver resilience scores were related to lower depressive symptom severity, greater health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, interpersonal relations, stress management, and problem-solving orientation. A multivariable regression model showed that spiritual growth and aspects of problem-solving orientation were significantly related to resilience. Conclusions Results highlight the relationships between resilience and spirituality, problem-solving orientation, and aspects of HRQOL among caregivers of injured service members. These findings have important implications for caregiver behavioral health programs designed to promote resilience and draw upon caregiver strengths when taking on a caregiver role. Approaches that include a more integrative medicine or strengths-based emphasis may be particularly beneficial when working with families of injured military.
Does Adherence to World Health Organization Hand Hygiene Protocols in the Operating Room Have the Potential to Produce Irritant Contact Dermatitis in Anesthesia Providers

Anesthesia providers have the burden of constant hand hygiene during task dense periods. The requirement for hand hygiene often demands frequent application of alcohol-based hand rub. To assess whether frequent alcohol-based hand rub use leads to skin changes or irritant contact dermatitis, volunteers cleaned their hands with alcohol-based hand rub every 15 minutes for 8 hours for 5 sequential days. They were examined by a dermatologist before and after and asked about subjective skin changes. Results suggest an increase in irritant contact dermatitis scores and subjective complaints.
Development of Allosteric BRAF Peptide Inhibitors Targeting the Dimer Interface of BRAF

BRAF is the most frequently mutated kinase in human cancers and is one of the major effectors of oncogenic RAS, making BRAF a target of considerable interest for anticancer drug development. Wild-type BRAF and a variety of oncogenic BRAF mutants are dependent on dimerization of the kinase domain, which also emerges as a culprit of drug resistance and side effects of current BRAF therapies. Thus, allosteric BRAF inhibitors capable of disrupting BRAF dimers could abrogate hyperactivated MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling driven by oncogenic BRAF or RAS and overcome the major limitations of current BRAF inhibitors. To establish this, we applied an in silico approach to design a series of peptide inhibitors targeting the dimer interface of BRAF. One resulting inhibitor was found to potently inhibit the kinase activity of BRAF homo- and heterodimers, including oncogenic BRAFG469A mutant. Moreover, this inhibitor synergizes with FDA-approved, ATP-competitive BRAF inhibitors against dimeric BRAF, suggesting that allosteric BRAF inhibitors have great potential to extend the application of current BRAF therapies. Additionally, targeting the dimer interface of BRAF kinase leads to protein degradation of both RAF and MEK, uncovering a novel scaffolding function of RAF in protecting large MAPK complexes from protein degradation. In conclusion, we have developed a potent lead peptide inhibitor for targeting the dimer interface of BRAF in cancer cells. The dual function of this peptide inhibitor validates the strategy for developing allosteric BRAF inhibitors that specifically dissociate RAF dimers and destabilize the MAPK signaling complex.
Effects of Energy Gel Ingestion on Blood Glucose, Lactate, and Performance Measures During Prolonged Cycling.

Kozlowski, KF, Ferrentino-DePriest, A, and Cerny, F. Effects of energy gel ingestion on blood glucose, lactate, and performance measures during prolonged cycling. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Endurance athletes have long used carbohydrate supplementation during prolonged exercise (most recently with energy gels) to enhance performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of carbohydrate energy gel ingestion schedules (e.g., manufacturer's recommendations vs. a more frequent ingestion schedule) during 2 hours of steady-state cycling exercise on (a) blood glucose, (b) blood lactate, and (c) performance of a subsequent 15-minute time trial (TT). Ten trained cyclists (5 men and 5 women, mean age = 28.4 ± 3.66 years; body mass = 68.9 ± 10.63 kg; and V[Combining Dot Above]O2max = 54.57 ± 9.45 mlO2·kg·min) performed 3 exercise trials in a randomized order. One gel was ingested 15 minutes before exercise during all trials. The 3 experimental trials included gel ingestion every 30 minutes (T1), every 45 minutes (T2) during exercise, and no gel ingested during exercise (T3). Subjects cycled at 70% of V[Combining Dot Above]O2max for 2 hours, followed by a 15-minute fixed gear TT. The blood glucose level at 60 minutes of exercise was higher during T1 (125.5 ± 30.96 mg·dl) and T2 (127.6 ± 14.82 mg·dl) compared with T3 (102.8 ± 15.85 mg·dl). Time trial distance was significantly greater for T1 (7.56 ± 0.77 km) and T2 (7.16 ± 0.92 km) than T3 (6.69 ± 0.74 km) (p = 0.003) with moderate to strong effect sizes between trials. There were no differences in blood lactate concentrations across trials. Ingestion of energy gels during prolonged cycling elevates blood glucose levels and enhances subsequent performance, whereas a more frequent ingestion elicits additional performance benefits.
ECHO’s ECHO: Overcoming modern healthcare operational challenges with provider-to-provider video communication

The Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) project uses teleconferencing to improve access to care for patients who are unable to access academic medical centers. The model can also be used to address key operational issues facing academic medical centers today. Furthermore, the current healthcare landscape is well primed to accept this innovation. We propose application of this model to solve current challenges in healthcare, including: inpatient capacity, network development and access. Applied in these ways, this program has the potential to alleviate stress on hospital systems, ultimately improving patient care and the patient and provider experience.
Evidence of planetesimal infall onto the very young Herbig Be star LkHα 234

We report here the first evidence of planetesimal infall onto the very young Herbig Be star LkHα 234. These results are based on observations acquired over 31 days using spectroscopy of the sodium D lines, the He I 5876 A line, and hydrogen Hα lines. We find redshifted absorption components (RACs) with velocities up to 200 km s-1 and very mild blueshifted emission components (BECs) up to 100 km s-1 in the Na I lines. No correlation is observed between the appearance of the Na I RACs and BECs and the Hα and He I line variability, which suggests that these (Na I RACs and BECs) are formed in a process unrelated to the circumstellar gas accretion. We interpret the Na I RACs as evidence for an infalling evaporating body, greater than 100 km in diameter, which is able to survive at distances between 2.0 and 0.1 AU from the star. The dramatic appearance of the sodium RACs and mild BECs is readily explained by the dynamics of this infalling body, making LkHα 234 the youngest (age ~ 0.1 Myr) system with evidence for the presence of planetesimals.
Cross-Reactive Immune Responses toward the Common Cold Human Coronaviruses and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Mini-Review and a Murine Study

While severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes serious morbidity and mortality in humans (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19), there is an enormous range of disease outcomes following virus exposures. Some individuals are asymptomatic while others succumb to virus infection within days. Presently, the factors responsible for disease severity are not fully understood. One factor that may influence virus control is pre-existing immunity conferred by an individual’s past exposures to common cold human coronaviruses (HCoVs). Here, we describe previous literature and a new, murine study designed to examine cross-reactive immune responses between SARS-CoV-2 and common cold HCoVs (represented by prototypes OC43, HKU1, 229E, and NL63). Experimental results have been mixed. In SARS-CoV-2-unexposed humans, cross-reactive serum antibodies were identified toward nucleocapsid (N) and the spike subunit S2. S2-specific antibodies were in some cases associated with neutralization. SARS-CoV-2-unexposed humans rarely exhibited antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike subunit S1, and when naive mice were immunized with adjuvanted S1 from either SARS-CoV-2 or common cold HCoVs, S1-specific antibodies were poorly cross-reactive. When humans were naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2, cross-reactive antibodies that recognized common cold HCoV antigens increased in magnitude. Cross-reactive T cells, like antibodies, were present in humans prior to SARS-CoV-2 exposures and increased following SARS-CoV-2 infections. Some studies suggested that human infections with common cold HCoVs afforded protection against disease caused by subsequent exposures to SARS-CoV-2. Small animal models are now available for the testing of controlled SARS-CoV-2 infections. Additionally, in the United Kingdom, a program of SARS-CoV-2 human challenge experiments has received regulatory approval. Future, controlled experimental challenge studies may better define how pre-existing, cross-reactive immune responses influence SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes.
Velocities of Fragment Pairs from U 233 , U 235 , and Pu 239 Fission

Velocities of the fragment pairs from thermalneutron-induced fission of U/sup 233/, U/sup 235/, and Pu/sup 239/ have been measured by a time-of-flight method. The primary masses and energies of the fragments have been determined from the conservation of mass number and momentum. These results are compared with previous fission-fragment-mass and -energy measurements. A decrease of the total kinetic energy near the symmetric mode is observed, which is in agreement with previous double-ionization-chamber measurements. The intrinsic energy spread for mass-97 fnagments was found to be 8.l t 1.6% with a 95% confidence interval. (auth)
Combined Intrathoracic and Subcutaneous Splenosis Discovered 51 Years after Abdominal Trauma

Splenosis is a rare condition that results from the autotransplantation of splenic parenchyma into unexpected locations such as the abdomen or subcutaneous tissue. In the presence of coexisting injury to the diaphragm intrathoracic transplantation can occur emerging as single or multiple pleural-based masses. This occurs after traumatic rupture of the spleen and is usually asymptomatic, only to be discovered incidentally on routine thoracic or abdominal imaging. To our knowledge this is the third documented case of combined intrathoracic and subcutaneous splenosis found in English literature. This occurred in a 71-year-old male involved in a motor vehicle accident at age 19 requiring urgent splenectomy. He has a significant cigarette smoking history and was referred to our hospital for further evaluation of an abnormality seen on shoulder X-ray.
A simple method for estimating rain attenuation distribution

This paper deals with a method for estimating rain attenuation distribution at frequencies above 10 GHz. This method depends only on point rainfall rate. Based on statistical independence among rain cells, a relation connecting cell dimension, path distance, precipitation and attenuation is established. Numerical results have shown good agreement with experimental data.
CT prediction of contusion evolution after closed head injury: the role of pericontusional edema.

Background Cerebral contusions have a 51% incidence of evolution in the first hours after injury. Evolution is associated with clinical deterioration and is the reason for ICP monitoring or surgical intervention. We sought to define CT features that predict cerebral contusion evolution.
Enzymatic Basis for d-Arabitol Production by Saccharomyces rouxii

Ingram, Jordan M. (Michigan State University, East Lansing), and W. A. Wood. Enzymatic basis for d-arabitol production by Saccharomyces rouxii. J. Bacteriol. 89:1186–1194. 1965.—The enzymatic steps in d-arabitol synthesis by Saccharomyces rouxii were studied. The fermentation of d-glucose-6-C14 gave rise to d-arabitol labeled at C-5; d-ribose of ribonucleic acid had the same isotope pattern. Crude extracts were able to reduce d-ribulose with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH2) and d-xylulose with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH2). These extracts also oxidized d-arabitol with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and xylitol with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. No reduction of d-ribulose-5-phosphate or d-xylulose-5-phosphate was observed. An enzyme which reduced d-xylulose with NADH2 was purified 33-fold and characterized as a xylitol (→ d-xylulose) dehydrogenase. Similarly, an enzyme reducing d-ribulose with NADPH2 was purified 12-fold and characterized as a d-arabitol (→ d-ribulose) dehydrogenase. Alkaline and acid phosphatases were purified 50- and 40-fold, respectively, and their specificities were determined. Only the acid phosphatase had detectable activity on d-ribulose-5-phosphate. The data support the postulate that d-arabitol arises by dephosphorylation of d-ribulose-5-phosphate and reduction of d-ribulose by a NADPH2-linked d-arabitol (→ d-ribulose) dehydrogenase.
Insights for data reduction in primary storage: a practical analysis

There has been increasing interest in deploying data reduction techniques in primary storage systems. This paper analyzes large datasets in four typical enterprise data environments to find patterns that can suggest good design choices for such systems. The overall data reduction opportunity is evaluated for deduplication and compression, separately and combined, then in-depth analysis is presented focusing on frequency, clustering and other patterns in the collected data. The results suggest ways to enhance performance and reduce resource requirements and system cost while maintaining data reduction effectiveness. These techniques include deciding which files to compress based on file type and size, using duplication affinity to guide deployment decisions, and optimizing the detection and mapping of duplicate content adaptively when large segments account for most of the opportunity.
Conics in the hyperbolic plane intrinsic to the collineation group

In the manner of Steiner’s interpretation of conics in the projective plane we consider a conic in a planar incidence geometry to be a pair consisting of a point and a collineation that does not fix that point. We say these loci are intrinsic to the collineation group because their construction does not depend on an imbedding into a larger space. Using an inversive model we classify the intrinsic conics in the hyperbolic plane in terms of invariants of the collineations that afford them and provide metric characterizations for each congruence class. By contrast, classifications that catalogue all projective conics intersecting a specified hyperbolic domain necessarily include curves which cannot be afforded by a hyperbolic collineation in the above sense. The metric properties we derive will distinguish the intrinsic classes in relation to these larger projective categories. Our classification emphasizes a natural duality among congruence classes induced by an involution based on complementary angles of parallelism relative to the focal axis of each conic, which we refer to as split inversion (Definition 5.3).
Fruit and vegetable intake and eating behaviors mediate the effect of a randomized text-message based weight loss program

Abstract Introduction We hypothesized that fruit/vegetable intake and eating behaviors mediate the relationship between experimental condition and weight loss in a randomized trial evaluating a text-message based weight loss program. Methods Overweight/obese individuals from San Diego, CA (N = 52 with complete data) were randomly assigned in 2007 into one of two groups for four months: 1) the intervention group that received 2–5 weight management text-messages p/day; 2) the usual-care comparison group. Three 24-hour recalls assessed fruit/vegetable intake change and the eating behavior inventory (EBI) measured change in eating behaviors. Regression path models tested intervention mediation. Results Direct effects of the intervention were found for change in body weight ( b = − 3.84, R 2 = 0.074), fruit/vegetable intake ( b = 2.00, R 2 = 0.083), and EBI scores ( b = 7.15, R 2 = 0.229) (ps b = − 0.673, R 2 = 0.208) when fruit/vegetable intake change and EBI score change were specified as intervention mediators in the model. The total indirect effect was 3.17 lb indicating that the indirect paths explained 82.6% of the total effect on weight change. Discussion Fruit/vegetable intake and eating behaviors mediated the intervention's effect on weight change. The findings suggest that sending text-messages that promote healthy eating strategies resulted in moderate short-term weight loss.
Who Are the Suburban Homeless and What Do They Want? An Empirical Study of the Demand for Public Services:

Homelessness became a focus for planners and scholars over the past decade, but our understanding of the nature and extent of its associated problems remains unclear in many critical respects. We know homelessness affects a diverse population. We also know that, in addition to needing shelter, homeless persons draw on a variety of social services. For various reasons, however, the matching of services and shelter problems to individual characteristics is often ad hoc. This is a mounting concern as the pool of homeless persons diversifies even further. Based on a unique survey of the homeless population in Orange County, California, we employ a carefully constructed behavioral framework to link individual and structural circumstances to preferences for aid. We find that though the sample is diverse, financial problems dominate while medical problems, substance abuse, and financial needs are often unrelated. Further, these patterns do not generally vary by race and only rarely by gender. The results inform ...
A Continued Look at Doka's Grieving Rules: Deviance and Anomie as Clinical Tools

Rather than focusing on a psychological perspective that emphasizes individual deficiencies in dealing with loss, we use a sociological perspective to guide both an understanding of and clinical work with grieving people. The use of deviance and anomie as theoretical and clinical tools is a natural progression of the work begun with Doka's (1989) introduction of the concepts disenfranchised grief and grieving rules. Our approach encourages both theorists and clinicians to rethink the use of terms such as “complicated,” “abnormal,” and “pathological” grief.
Reversible Effect of Actinomycin D on Nucleoli of Amoeba discoides : Nuclear Transplantation Study

ACTINOMYCIN D (AM) suppresses DNA-directed RNA synthesis in vivo1. Because the nucleolus is believed to be the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis2,3, the effect of AM on this organelle is of particular interest and has been the subject of many studies4–7. It has been reported that both the morphological and physiological effects of AM can, in certain circumstances, be reversed8,9. In view of the extensive use of AM in cancer chemotherapy as well as in cellular metabolic studies, it is important to establish whether cell constituents such as the nucleolus can recover their normal function after temporary exposure to concentrations of AM known to be lethal to the intact cell. This question can only be answered by transplanting the nucleoli treated with drugs to normal cytoplasm—a procedure most easily accomplished in the large, free-living amoebae by nuclear transplantation. The object of this work is to determine to what extent the effect of lethal concentrations of AM on the amoeba nucleoli can be reversed.