cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health: Toward a More Comprehensive Understanding of Youth Functioning

Traditional mental health models focus on psychological problems and distress; accordingly, health is viewed as the absence of illness or disability. In contrast, a dual-factor model of mental health incorporates both indicators of positive subjective well-being (SWB) and measures of psychopathological symptoms to comprehensively determine an individual's psychological adjustment. This study used such a dual-factor model to measure the mental health status of young adolescents. A total of 764 middle school students were classified into one of four distinct groups based on having high or low psychopathology and high or low SWB. Furthermore, group differences in student engagement, academic achievement, and environmental support for learning were investigated. Results demonstrated the existence of a traditionally neglected group of adolescents (low SWB and low psychopathology) who are nonetheless at risk for academic and behavior problems in school and who performed no better than the most troubled group of adolescents. Overall, both the presence of positive well-being and the absence of symptoms were necessary for ensuring the most advantageous school performance. These results highlight the importance of incorporating positive indicators of well-being along with traditional negative factors in more fully understanding relationships between individuals' mental health and educational outcomes.
Thermodynamic investigation of the cobalt(II) bromide-butyronitrile and cobalt(II) bromide-isobutyronitrile systems

Abstract Equilibrium decomposition pressures were measured for the CoBr 2 - n C 3 H 7 CN and CoBr 2 -(CH 3 ) 2 CHCN systems in the temperature range 302–348 K. For the CoBr 2 -C 3 H 7 CN system, Co( n C 3 H 7 CN) 2 Br 2 was the only stable complex formed. The values of Δ H 0 and Δ S 0 per mole of gaseous nitrile were found to be 57.7±0.7 kJ mole −1 and 134.5±2.2 J mole −1 K −1 , respectively. For the CoBr 2 -(CH 3 ) 2 CHCN system, three stoichiometric compounds were identified. The values of Δ H 0 and Δ S 0 per mole of gaseous nitrile for the decomposition of Co[(CH 3 ) 2 CHCN] n Br 2 were found to be 64.9 ± 1.0 kJ mole −1 and 178.0 ±3.3 J mole −1 K −1 for n = 3, 46.4±0.7 kJ mole −1 and 114.3 ± 2.3 J mole −1 K −1 for n = 2, and 50.5±0.7 kJ mole −1 and 114.3 ± 2.3 J mole −1 K −1 for n =1. Standard enthalpies of formation at 298 K were calculated for these and other cobalt halide-nitrile complexes. The relative stabilities of the various complexes are discussed in terms of steric interactions.
The energy dependence of the spectroscopic factors for the 208Pb(p,d)207Pb reaction

Abstract The 208Pb(p,d)207Pb reaction has been studied at 26.3 MeV and data at 121 MeV reanalyzed. These data, along with the data of others at 22, 35, 41 and 55 MeV, have been compared with zero- and exact-finite-range DWBA calculations carried out in a consistent fashion to determine the energy dependence of the spectroscopic factors for the six strong single-neutron-hole states in 207Pb. Strong energy dependencies were noted for the spectroscopic factors, particularly for the f 7 2 , h 9 2 and i 13 2 states. Variations in the calculations provided no satisfactory understanding of the problem.
Dual cracking at polymer/glass interfaces

Moisture-assisted crack growth at polymer/glass interfaces was measured as a function of applied stain energy release rate using a four-point flexure apparatus coupled with an inverted microscope. The specimens consisted of two glass plates bonded together with a thin layer of epoxy or epoxy acrylate adhesive. Of particular importance in this study was the growth of cracks on both interfaces of the sample. Finite element analysis was carried out to gain a fundamental understanding of the observed crack growth behavior.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Numerical contact and stiction analyses of Gaussian isotropic surfaces for magnetic head slider/disk contact

Abstract Numerical contact and stiction models are used to study the effect of surface roughness and lubricant film thickness on asperity contact and stiction at magnetic head slider/disk interface (HDI). Isotropic Gaussian surfaces having expected values of the r.m.s. roughness R q and the correlation length β ∗ are generated by computer for the contact and stiction analyses. The analysis shows that for a given load, the contact area depends on R q and 1 β ∗ . The stiction increases with increasing lubricant thickness and decreasing R q but is independent of β ∗ . The stiction between two surfaces can be assessed by their bearing ratio: the surface having a higher bearing ratio for a given film thickness is expected to have a higher stiction. Peak-to-mean distance, R p , is shown to be a more relevant parameter than R q to relate stiction. The relationship between the critical film thickness and the surface roughness is also studied. For a given surface, the critical film thickness should be less than 0.25 R p .
Surface and wire EMG crosstalk in neighbouring muscles

Abstract Surface and wire myoelectric activity of the medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and tibialis anterior (TA) of the cat were recorded during supramaximal stimulation applied via their nerves before and after the muscle nerve to the LG and TA were cut in order to determine the amount of EMG crosstalk amongst neighbouring muscles. It was shown that the peak-to-peak (p-p) amplitude and mean absolute value (MAV) of crosstalk M waves recorded from the LG and TA after their nerve was cut did not exceed 5% of their maximal value for surface electrodes and 2.5% of their maximal value for wire electrodes. EMG crosstalk values were similar in terms of peak to peak and MAV. Surface EMG crosstalk values were significantly higher in preparations in which a substantial amount of subcutaneous fat covered the muscles, being 20 (± 16.6) % MAV and 16 (± 12) % p-p. During increasing force contraction (accomplished by orderly recruitment of motor units) from 10–100% of the maximal force of the MG the corresponding crosstalk in the LG and TA increased linearly with the EMG of the MG. It is concluded that the crosstalk problem in surface recording is negligible for most biomechanical studies in which standard EMG recording protocol is employed, yet a warning is issued against the indiscriminate recording of surface EMG from muscles covered by adipose tissue.
Nowhere-zero 4-flow in almost Petersen-minor free graphs

Tutte [W.T. Tutte, On the algebraic theory of graph colorings, J. Combin. Theory 1 (1966) 15-20] conjectured that every bridgeless Petersen-minor free graph admits a nowhere-zero 4-flow. Let (P"1"0)"@m"@? be the graph obtained from the Petersen graph by contracting @m edges from a perfect matching. In this paper we prove that every bridgeless (P"1"0)"3"@?-minor free graph admits a nowhere-zero 4-flow.
Identification of novel high affinity opiate receptor binding in rat brain

SPECIFIC opiate receptor binding sites1–3, occur in the brains of numerous vertebrates. In our initial studies4–6 binding seemed to involve a homogeneous population of receptors, although the biphasic degradation of receptor binding by trypsin and chymotrypsin suggested more than one site5. We have used 3H-naloxone and 3H-dihydromorphine of very high specific activity, and now report evidence for a new high affinity opiate-binding site in addition to the already reported binding site of lower affinity. The high and low affinity binding site may reflect interactions of opiates with two conformations of the opiate receptor which determine agonist and antagonist actions of the drugs.
Biofeedback treatment of a case of raynaud's disease☆

Abstract A patient with long-standing moderately severe Raynaud's disease was successfully treated with biofeedback procedure based on finger tip surface temperature. Control conditions in the experiment isolated the feedback training as the important element in the treatment. Follow-ip data at two, four and seven months with booster treatment sessions are presented.
Quickly) testing the tester via path coverage

The configuration complexity and code size of an automated testing framework may grow to a point that the tester itself becomes a significant software artifact, prone to poor configuration and implementation errors. Unfortunately, testing the tester by using old versions of the software under test (SUT) may be impractical or impossible: test framework changes may have been motivated by interface changes in the tested system, or fault detection may become too expensive in terms of computing time to justify running until errors are detected on older versions of the software. We propose the use of path coverage measures as a "quick and dirty" method for detecting many faults in complex test frameworks. We also note the possibility of using techniques developed to diversify state-space searches in model checking to diversify test focus, and an associated classification of tester changes into focus-changing and non-focus-changing modifications.
Applying Systems Thinking to Curriculum Evaluation

Implementing a systemwide approach to curriculum evaluation will ensure districtwide uniformity in evaluating the curriculum in each subject area. Developing and implementing a comprehensive written curriculum evaluation plan will provide educators with information needed to meet new demands for accountability as they work on school improvement initiatives.
Improving Social Skills in Adolescents and Adults with Autism and Severe to Profound Intellectual Disability: A Review of the Literature

Social skills are important treatment targets for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) across the lifespan. However, few treatments are available for adolescents and adults with ASD who also have severe to profound intellectual disability (S/PID). Several social skill interventions have been described that may improve social skills in this population, including video modeling, developmental, peer-mediated, behavioral, and structured teaching interventions. However, significant challenges in research design and methodology exist across these studies. This paper reviews research examining social skill interventions for youth and adults with ASD and S/PID and points out weaknesses and challenges in this literature. We propose a developmental framework of adapting early childhood interventions for use with youth and adults with ASD and S/PID as one starting point for intervention development.
Determinants of Decreased Early Ventricular Filling in Man: A Role for External Forces

The determinants of reduced early left ventricular filling and their relative importance were examined in 14 subjects with an ejection fraction > 40%. Simultaneous high-fidelity left ventricular pressure, mitral annular Doppler velocity recordings, and two-dimensional echocardiographic data were used. Pressure-volume curves were created from pressure/echocardiographic/Doppler data and the chamber stiffness constant calculated. The influence of changing filling pressure was examined by studying subjects before and after ventriculography. The ventricular relaxation time constant, chamber stiffness constant, mean right atrial pressure (an index of pericardial restraint and/or ventricular interaction), pulmonary wedge pressure, and heart rate were analyzed for their influence on Doppler filling parameters: isovolumic relaxation time, peak early (E) and atrial (A) filling velocities, and the E/A ratio. The relaxation time constant was the primary determinant of isovolumic relaxation time (r = 0.82, P<0.001). Prolonged relaxation also caused a decrease in the E/A ratio (r=0.73, P<0.001) and early filling. Peak atrial filling velocity and its integral decreased as chamber stiffness rose (P<0.005). Pulmonary wedge pressure had only a modest influence on early filling (r=0.46, P<0.05). Ventriculography did not eliminate the influence of stiffness and relaxation on filling, although it caused early filling and the E/A ratio to rise and isovolumic relaxation time to shorten. Filling became earlier with increasing right atrial pressure and upward pressure-volume curve shifts. In multivariate regression the E/A ratio was influenced independently by relaxation, filling pressure, right atrial pressure, and chamber stiffness. We conclude that isovolumic relaxation time is a useful measure of ventricular relaxation. However, the E/A ratio is too complex to allow characterization of diastolic function when used alone. Finally, pericardial restraint and/or ventricular interaction during a volume load may confound the relationship between filling pattern and intrinsic ventricular diastolic properties.
Abstract 1210: Tetraspanin CD63 interacts with extranuclear estrogen receptor alpha and regulates non-genomic signaling pathways in breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Tetraspanin is a four transmembrane protein family whose members are regarded as molecular linkers. They also serve as scaffold proteins for many signaling processes. CD63 is a member of the tetraspanin family that serves as a lysosomal protein. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) plays critical roles in breast carcinogenesis. Extranuclear ERα could initiate rapid estrogen responses by forming protein complexes with many signaling molecules. Here, we report a novel protein complex formed between tetraspanin CD63 and extranuclear ERα. Immunoprecepitation (IP) experiments in MCF-7 and BT474 cells showed that CD63 interacts with ERα at endogenous levels. IP experiments using extracts from different cellular compartments (nucleus, cytoplasm and plasma membrane) showed that the interaction between CD63 and ERα is mainly located on the plasma membrane. Moreover, using co-immunofluorescence (IF) staining, we found CD63 co-localized with ERα on plasma membrane and/or in the cytoplasm. To further explore the effects of CD63 on ERα signaling pathways, we stably knocked down CD63 by shRNA in MCF-7 and BT474 cells. Interestingly, the expression of ERα was increased with lower expression of CD63. We further examined ERα from extracts of nucleus, cytoplasm, and membrane by western blots, and found that ERα in cytoplasm and/or membrane was increased by knocking down CD63 whereas the ERα level in the nucleus was not changed. IF staining showed similar results. Furthermore, P-MAPK level was up-regulated in both MCF-7 and BT474 cell lines with suppressed expression of CD63. These data suggest that the tetraspanin CD63 may facilitate the transport of ERα between plasma membrane and/or cytoplasm and nucleus, an important new function. CD63 may play a key role on organizing and regulating non-genomic ERα signaling pathways in breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1210. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1210
Analytical and Experimental Studies of Nonlinear Transient Responses of Stiffened Cylindrical Panels Richard

A solution procedure which employs the spatial finite-element method together with the temporal finitedifference method is presented for predicting transient elastic-plastic large-deflection responses of structures. The assumed-displacement finite-element formulation is described in detail for quadrilateral cylindrical panel elements stiffened orthogonally by longitudinal and/or circumferential stiffeners. The sheet high-explosive loading technique was employed to conduct impulsive loading and structural response tests of circumferentially stiffened cylindrical panels of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, with all four edges clamped. Large transient and permanent structural deformations were produced. Excellent theoretical/experimental correlation for transient strains and permanent deformation is observed.
Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: epidemiology, natural history, management options, and familial screening

Summary Intracranial saccular or berry aneurysms are common, occurring in about 1–2% of the population. Unruptured intracranial aneurysms are increasingly being detected as cross-sectional imaging techniques are used more frequently in clinical practice. Once an unruptured intracranial aneurysm is detected, decisions regarding optimum management are made on the basis of careful comparison of the short-term and long-term risks of aneurysmal rupture with the risk associated with the intervention, whether that be surgical clipping or endovascular management. Several factors need to be carefully considered, including aneurysm size and location, the patient's family history and medical history, and the availability of an interventional option that has an acceptable risk. The patient's knowledge that they have an unruptured intracranial aneurysm can lead to substantial stress and anxiety, and their perspective regarding treatment, after hearing an unbiased appraisal of the rupture risks and the risk of interventional treatment, is of the utmost importance. Controversy remains regarding optimum management, and thorough assessments of the risks and benefits of contemporary management options, specific to aneurysm size, location, and many other aneurysm and patient factors, are needed.
Group typicality, group loyalty and cognitive development

Over the course of childhood, children's thinking about social groups changes in a variety of ways. Developmental Subjective Group Dynamics (DSGD) theory emphasizes children's understanding of the importance of conforming to group norms. Abrams et al.'s study, which uses DSGD theory as a framework, demonstrates the social cognitive skills underlying young elementary school children's thinking about group norms. Future research on children's thinking about groups and group norms should explore additional elements of this topic, including aspects of typicality beyond loyalty.
Separation of Metals from Sulfated Deep-Sea Ferromanganese Nodules by Adsorbing Colloid Flotation

Abstract Adsorbing colloid flotation (ACF) is applied to aqueous leach solutions of sulfated deep-sea ferromanganese nodules and their process tailings. Metal cations of Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Al, and Zn are separated simultaneously by flotation with hydroxide collectors and cationic surfactants from the leach liquors of sulfated ferromanganese nodules. Applications of ACF to the nodule tailings also makes possible the recovery of residual Cu, Co, Ni, Ti, Zn, Al, Fe, Mn, and the separation of Pb and V, the most abundant toxic species in the nodules and tailings.
Immunological competence in osteopetrotic (ia) rats.

Abstract Osteopetrosis in is rats is characterized by excessive skeletal mass and reduced bone resorption. The skeletal defects can be corrected by the transfer of mononuclear spleen cells from normal littermates. These studies suggest that osteopetrotic mutants may also have defective immune functions. The op, osteopetrotic, rat demonstrates early thymic atrophy and immune function which decreases with age. Several studies have shown significantly reduced responses to T and B cell mitogens by spleen cells from osteopetrotic mutant mice. The problem with these latter studies is that different populations of cells have been compared in mutants and normal littermates because the spleen is a focus of extramedullary hemopoiesis in osteopetrotic animals. To circumvent this problem, the Ficoll-Hypaque, mononuclear isolate of spleen and mesenteric lymph node from 5-week-old ia and normal littermates were compared. Under appropriate culture conditions the cells were exposed to Con A, PHA, and LPS for 3 days and 3H-thymidine for the last 24 hours. In all cases, the response to optimal concentrations of the 3 mitogens was similar for is and normal spleen and lymph node cells (ia/control ratios ranged from 0.6 to 1.2). The cellular composition of the samples tested in the mitogen assays were also evaluated by fluorescent microscopy using FITC-conjugated monoclonal antibodies directed against specific cell surface markers. The percentage of B cells, macrophages, total T cells, and helper T cells were found to be similar in the Ficoll-Hypaque isolate of ia and normal spleen and lymph nodes. Likewise, the ia mutant does not show any signs of abnormal thymic involution. These results indicate normal immune function in the ia mutant when similar populations of cells are compared.
Global geometric characteristics of typical human ribs

Abstract The global geometric properties of the ribs from a medium-framed cadaver specimen were studied. The observations are in agreement with the qualitative descriptions presented in most textbooks on human anatomy. A simple geometric model of the idealized typical rib is proposed and its features are shown to compare favorably with experimental data. This model coupled with previously reported cross-sectional properties facilitates the description of typical ribs as structural members in the study of the dynamic structural response of the thorax.
A comparison of computed Space Shuttle Orbiter surface pressures with flight measurements

Vehicles such as the Shuttle Orbiter operate over a wide range of angle of attack when entering the earth's atmosphere. This angle-of-attack range can be divided into two classes, a moderate regime, and a high regime for angles of attack greater than 30 deg. The HALIS (High Alpha Inviscid Solution) code was developed for computing flowfields in the high angle-of-attack regime. The present investigation is concerned with conducting a comparison of HALIS results with wind-tunnel data and the limited flight data from STS-1. The investigation shows that at high angle-of-attack, the axial flow over the entire windward surface can be subsonic, and, for those conditions, where the subsonic axial flow is confined to the nose of the vehicle, embedded regions of subsonic axial flow may be found along the vehicle strake tips.
Simulations of waves in elastic solids of cubic symmetry by the Conservation Element and Solution Element method

Abstract This paper reports a new numerical approach to simulate waves in elastic solids with cubic symmetry. The governing equation includes the equation of motion and the constitutive relation of the elastic medium. With velocity and stress components as the unknowns, the equations are a set of nine, first-order, hyperbolic partial differential equations. To aid numerical simulation, the characteristic form of the equations is derived. By using the Schur complement in linear algebra, the one-dimensional equations are shown to be equivalent to the Christoffel equations without using the harmonic plane-wave solution. To solve the governing equations by the Conservation Element and Solution Element (CESE) method, we first use Gauss' theorem to recast the equations into a space–time integral form. By integrating the integral equation, space–time flux conservation is imposed over Conservation Elements (CEs). Numerical integration is aided by using prescribed linear discretization of the unknowns in Solution Elements (SEs). A convergence test shows that the CESE method employed is second-order accurate. To demonstrate the capabilities of the present approach, reported numerical results include one-dimensional resonant waves, collinear impact of two blocks, and two-dimensional wave expansion from a point source. Additional results of waves interacting with an interface separating two media with different lattice orientations are also reported. Results compared well with the available analytical solutions. All results show salient features of waves in solids of cubic symmetry.
Acute effects of triiodothyronine on arterial smooth muscle cells

Thyroid hormone has profound effects on the heart and cardiovascular system. Systemic vascular resistance is uniformly decreased in both naturally occurring and experimental hyperthyroidism, and it is increased in thyroid hormone deficiency. Because vascular smooth muscle cell contraction is a major determinant of systemic vascular resistance, the present studies were designed to address the acute effects of the thyroid hormones, specifically triiodothyronine, on vascular smooth muscle cell contractile activity. Our data indicate that triiodothyronine causes smooth muscle relaxation; this property may account for some of its marked effects on the cardiovascular system. As a novel vasodilatory agent, the potential therapeutic implications for triiodothyronine may be numerous.
The microcomputer and computer science education

Abstract To properly understand the role of the microcomputer in computer science requires a certain amount of electrical engineering knowledge concerning electronic technology. In a computer science program it is often found that students have no background in electrical engineering. Thus the proper presentation of the microcomputer in such a program demands that the students be provided with sufficient background education to fully understand the impact of the microcomputer. This paper deals with the way in which the microcomputer is presented in the computer science curriculum at Bowling Green State University. The curriculum is pure computer science in the sense that the students have no electrical engineering exposure. Thus, the students must be given sufficient background to fully appreciate the role of the microcomputer. In conclusion, a short summary of future microcomputer education and laboratory facility goals is made.
Chemical site capacitance: Submolecular measurements and a model

The study of molecular electric properties is an intriguing, rapidly developing field in which technological and basic scientific challenges and developments are evolving. Nevertheless, understanding of the interplay of intermolecular interactions, substrate effects, and electrode contacts remains challenging. Here, we present noncontact chemically resolved electrical measurements (CREM) of halide-terminated molecular layers and a straightforward model for quantitative analysis of submolecular chemical site capacitance. We demonstrate that under low current densities, the main electronic effects can be accounted for by considering the (sub)molecular properties of the monolayers, whereas the excess potential due to charge injection can be described as site capacitance corresponding to chemically identifiable molecular sites.
Long-term potentiation of Aplysia sensorimotor synapses in cell culture: regulation by postsynaptic voltage

Long-term potentiation (LTP) has been proposed as a cellular mechanism for associative learning in vertebrates. Induction of one type of LTP--observed at synapses in the CA1 region of the mammalian hippocampus--is regulated by the voltage of the postsynaptic cell. To date, a similar form of LTP has not been demonstrated for any invertebrate synapse. We now report that high-frequency stimulation can induce LTP of sensorimotor synapses of the marine mollusc Aplysia in cell culture. Moreover, induction of this form of LTP appears to involve a voltage-dependent postsynaptic mechanism because pairing tetanic stimulation of the presynaptic cell with strong hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell blocks the induction of LTP.
The Survival of Capitalism

Americans are always moving on. It's an old Spanish custom gone astray, A sort of English fever, I believe, Or just a mere desire to take French leave, I couldn't say. I couldn't really say. But, when the whistle blows, they go away. Sometimes there never was a whistle blown, But they don't care, for they can blow their own Whistles of willow-stick and rabbit-bone, Quail-calling through the rain. A dozen tunes but only one refrain, "We don't know where we're going, but we're on our way!"1 STEPHEN VINCENT BENET
Spinal gene expression profiling and pathways analysis of a CB2 agonist (MDA7)-targeted prevention of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy.

Abstract Aims Patients receiving paclitaxel often develop peripheral neuropathies. We found that a novel selective cannabinoid CB 2 receptor agonist (MDA7) prevents paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia in rats and mice. Here we investigated gene expression profiling in the lumbar spinal cord after 14-day treatment of MDA7 in paclitaxel animals and analyzed possible signaling pathways underlying the preventive effect of MDA7 on paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. Methods Peripheral mechanical allodynia was induced in rats or mice receiving intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of paclitaxel at a dose of 1 mg/kg daily for four consecutive days. MDA7 was administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg 15 min before paclitaxel and then continued daily for another 10 days. Whole-genome gene expression profiling in the lumbar spinal cord of MDA7 and paclitaxel-treated rats was investigated using microarray analysis. The Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed to determine the potential relevant canonical pathways responsible for the effect of MDA7 on paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Results We observed that the inflammatory molecular networks including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling are most relevant to the preventive effect of MDA7 on paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. In addition, genes encoding molecules that are important in central sensitization such as glutamate transporters and N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor 2B (NMDAR2B), and neuro-immune-related genes such as neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS1), chemokine CX3CL1 (a mediator for microglial activation), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and leptin were differentially modulated by MDA7. Conclusion The preventive effect of MDA7 on paclitaxel-induced peripheral allodynia in rats may be associated with genes involved in signal pathways in central sensitization, microglial activation, and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord.
Predator and Parasitoid Interaction with Aphid-Resistant Potatoes to Reduce Aphid Densities: A Two-Year Field Study

Mechanical exclusion experiments demonstrated that Naturally occurring aphid predators (primarily Coccinellidae and Chrysopidae) and parasitoids (primarily Aphidiidae) produced >65% reduction in aphid densitieson Solanum tuberosum L. x S. berthaultii Hawkes, F3 hybrids bearing different densities of glandular trichomes. In the absence of natural enemies, aphid resistance was directly related to trichome densities. A similar relationship was observed when predator sand parasitoids were present, but aphid densities were lower on all potato clones. These results indicate that biological control and plant resistance are compatible and complementary tactics in integrated pest management on potatoes. Because of the action of predators and parasitoids, potato clones bearing moderate rather than high densities of glandular pubescence should be considered for long-term pest management.
The renal response to sustained administration of vasopressin and water in man.

An evaluation of the effects of prolonged administration of vasopressin on water and electrolyte metabolism was made in 5 studies on 4 human subjects. In subjects receiving a high fluid intake, an initially rapid expansion of total body water associated with an excessive urinary excretion of sodium was observed. Ultimately, however, urinary osmolality declined, daily urinary output rose, and body water balance was re-attained. Concomitantly, excessive natriuresis and net loss of body sodium ceased, despite the presence of an expanded body fluid volume. Although administration of vasopressin and a high fluid intake was continued, a new steady state was achieved. This was characterized by persistent overhydration and hyponatremia. It is suggested that duration of the overhydrated state is a critical factor in determining the development of a reduced renal responsiveness to vasopressin. This response was never observed prior to the seventh day of vasopressin administration, and in two studies occurred when o...
Characterization of hydrogen defects forming during chemical charging in the aluminum

Abstract The behavior of hydrogen and deuterium in high-purity aluminum introduced by high-fugacity chemical techniques has been studied. The aims were to establish: (a) the presence of the hydrogen–vacancies clusters and bubbles formations, (b) their size and size distributions, (c) the symmetry of the clusters and the dependence of these parameters on the hydrogen charging conditions and on subsequent annealing procedures and (d) the kinetics of hydrogen release from these clusters and the structure of the remaining defects produced when the hydrogen is removed. The study was combined with a parallel series of experiments, which utilized secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), X-ray techniques (Laue, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), diffractometer measurements), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experiments revealed the existence of a large size distribution of hydrogen voids and bubbles on the surface and under the surface obtained during electrochemical and chemical charging. The depth of these defects was controlled by electrochemical and chemical charging conditions and depended on the charging time. Hydrogen nearly entered the aluminum lattice interstitially. A TEM technique revealed the existence of surface bubble from the interactions between the aluminum hydroxide with hydrogen and formed a hydrogen–vacancy complex at the surface, which diffused into the volume and then clustered to form H2 interior bubbles. A large size (some micrometers in the diameter) to very small sizes (nanometers in the diameter) in the distribution and variety in the density of the surface bubbles was obtained. Between the densely packed surface bubbles, formation of the dense dislocations could be seen. Internal bubble with symmetrical bend contours of the height and dense distributions of dislocations was observed.
Proton and metal ion‐dependent assembly of a model diiron protein

DF1 is a small, idealized model for carboxylate-bridged diiron proteins. This protein was designed to form a dimeric four-helix bundle with a dimetal ion-binding site near the center of the structure, and its crystal structure has confirmed that it adopts the intended conformation. However, the protein showed limited solubility in aqueous buffer, and access to its active site was blocked by two hydrophobic side chains. The sequence of DF1 has now been modified to provide a very soluble protein (DF2) that binds metal ions in a rapid and reversible manner. Furthermore, the DF2 protein shows significant ferroxidase activity, suggesting that its dimetal center is accessible to oxygen. The affinity of DF2 for various first-row divalent cations deviates from the Irving–Willliams series, suggesting that its structure imparts significant geometric preferences on the metal ion-binding site. Furthermore, in the absence of metal ions, the protein folds into a dimer with concomitant binding of two protons. The uptake of two protons is expected if the structure of the apo-protein is similar to that of the crystal structure of dizinc DF1. Thus, this result suggests that the active site of DF2 is retained in the absence of metal ions.
The role of bank overdrafts in the finnish financial system

The paper provides a microeconomic analysis of the overdraft mechanism and works out its macroeconomic implications, which are evaluated in the light of Finnish data. First, a two-asset model of bank behaviour will be formulated and used to explain the appearance of overdrafts. Second, unused overdrafts are seen to be determined by the portfolio behaviour of business firms. A modified money multiplier will be derived to take into account the possibility that the money supply may change when the quantity of unused overdrafts changes. It will also be shown that an increase in the reserve ratio of the banks may have an expansionary impact on money multiplier in an economy with a near inside money system. This stands in sharp contrast to received wisdom.
Factors moderating physical and psychological symptoms of battered women

Physical and psychological symptoms of battered women were investigated based on the theory that their ongoing victimization would produce stress-related symptoms. It was hypothesized that moderating variables (e.g., frequency and severity of abuse, predictability and controllability of abuse, social support networks) would influence the effects of abuse. Battered women (N = 234) were interviewed according to a structured format which allowed for behavioral indices of the data and categorization of the women's responses. Results indicated that frequency of abuse was a strong predictor of the number and severity of symptoms. Those women who could predict abuse experienced more symptoms. Severity of physical and psychological symptoms was predicted by a model including women with more injuries requiring medical attention, women adhering to traditional sex role values, and the presence of one type of emotional abuse. Battered women perceived their physical and emotional health as deteriorating during the relationship and during the abuse, but as getting healthier after the abuse ended. Future research needs to replicate these findings with a representative group of battered women who are still in the battering relationship.
Hypothermic circulatory arrest as a surgical adjunct: a 5-year experience with 60 adult patients.

Abstract As a surgical adjunct, the technique of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) is well established in pediatric cardiac surgery but is used less frequently in adults. This study was undertaken to review the application, utility, and safety of HCA in adult surgery at a single institution. Between January 1985 and October 1990, 60 adult patients (>18 years old) underwent surgical procedures that included HCA. There were 30 men and 30 women; mean patient age was 56.4 years (range, 20 to 81 years). Operative procedures were thoracic aortic aneurysm repair (35 patients, 58%), resection of intraabdominal malignancy (15 patients, 25%), coronary artery bypass (4 patients, 7%), and other miscellaneous procedures (6 patients, 10%). Eighty-two percent of the procedures were elective, whereas 18% were emergencies. Mean circulatory arrest time was 28.5 minutes (range, 2 to 64 minutes). Operative mortality was 15%; by multivariate analysis, risk factors for death included prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time ( p p p p
Thermal Shock Resistance of Ceramic Foams

Thermal shock behavior of a variety of open-cell ceramic foams was evaluated using infrared heating and forced air cooling. The extent of damage after thermal shock was determined by a nondestructive, dynamic resonance technique. The damage in foams was found to be strongly dependent on cell size and weakly dependent on density. In zirconia-based foams, damage was found to increase with an increase in zirconia content. A thermal stress resistance parameter R′f was derived to predict the effect of cell size and density on the damage incurred in foams. The experimental results were found to corroborate the predictions fairly well but a better approach was to compare the maximum applied thermal strains with the degree of damage.
Rapid vocal convergence in an Australian cockatoo, the galah Eolophus roseicapillus

There are several mechanisms for producing vocalizations that are similar to those of a conspecific, including song type matching during a vocal contest, group convergence on a signature call over time, or one-to-one matching of another individual's signature call. A novel category of conspecific matching has been described in a parrot, the orange-fronted conure, Aratinga canicularis, which shows rapid and directional modification of vocalizations over the course of a single vocal interaction. We examined whether a geographically and phylogenetically distant parrot, the galah, Eolophus roseicapillus, uses similar rapid call modifications during contact call exchanges, and sought to better define the conditions under which wild parrots directionally modify their contact calls. In each trial, we interactively broadcast a single call exemplar recorded from wild galahs and recorded the vocal responses of nearby galahs. Temporal parameters of response calls converged on the stimulus over the course of an interaction. Frequency measures also showed convergence, although this effect was less pronounced. Male galahs were more vocally responsive overall, and birds tended to converge more closely on male stimuli over the course of an interaction. This experiment confirms that other parrots, in this case galahs, are capable of rapid, directional call modification, and we suggest that this vocal technique may be an efficient mechanism for mediating the fission–fusion social system that is characteristic of many parrot species.
Uniaxial stress measurements on iron group impurities in calcium oxide

Abstract Strain coefficients G 11 and G 44 were determined for Mn 2+ , Fe 3+ , V 2+ and Ni 2+ in CaO by uniaxial stress measurements. G 11 ratios in CaO and MgO are compared.
Development of sexual morphs in two simultaneous hermaphroditic shrimp, Lysmata wurdemanni and Lysmata rathbunae

Summary Development of secondary sexual morphs from post-larva to maturation was described for two simultaneous hermaphroditic shrimp, Lysmata wurdemanni and L. rathbunae. In post-larval stage and male-phase (MP) individuals, both endopods of the first pleopods and appendix interna (AI) of pleopod 2 increase as shrimp grow. The morph change from MP to the euhermaphrodite phase (EP) is a gradual process involving five molts. A reliable and simple criterion for identifying MP, transitional-phase, and EP shrimp is presented.
Time-Dependent Response to Cooling in a Beta-Plane Basin

The time-dependent response of an ocean basin to the imposition of cooling (or heating) is examined in the context of a quasigeostrophic, two-layer model on the beta plane. The focus is on the structure and magnitude of the vertical motion and its response to both a switch-on forcing and a periodic forcing. The model employed is a time-dependent version of an earlier model used to discuss the intensification of sinking in the region of the western boundary current. The height of the interface of the two-layer model serves as an analog of temperature, and the vertical velocity at the interface consists of a cross-isopycnal velocity modeled in terms of a relaxation to a prescribed interface height, an adiabatic representation of eddy thickness fluxes parameterized as lateral diffusion of thickness, and the local vertical motion of the interface itself. The presence of time dependence adds additional dynamical features to the problem, in particular the emergence of low-frequency, weakly damped Rossby basin modes. If the buoyancy forcing is zonally uniform the basin responds to a switch-on of the forcing by coming into steady-state equilibrium after the passage of a single baroclinic Rossby wave. If the forcing is nonuniform in the zonal direction, a sequence of Rossby basin modes is excited and their decay is required before the basin achieves a steady state. For reasonable parameter values the boundary layers, in which both horizontal and vertical circulations are closed, are quasi-steady and respond to the instantaneous state of the interior. As in the steady problem the flow is sensitive to small nonquasigeostrophic mass fluxes across the perimeter of the basin. These fluxes generally excite basin modes as well. The basin modes will also be weakly excited if the beta-plane approximation is relaxed. The response to periodic forcing is also examined, and the sensitivity of the response to the structure of the forcing is similar to the switch-on problem.
Splenectomy for hematologic depression in lymphocytic lymphoma and leukemia

Fifty patients with lymphocytic lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia underwent splenectomy for various combinations of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. All of these patients had advanced lymphoproliferative disease, and most had infiltration of bone marrow by neoplastic cells. Good response in all hematologic parameters was obtained in 27 of 48 evaluable patients. An additional 13 patients responded in one or two parameters; there were only 8 complete failures. The over-all surgical mortality was 8%. The median duration of response was 4 months, and the mean, 7 months. Increased tolerance to further antitumor therapy and a decreased transfusion requirement were seen among responding patients. Those patients with anemia who had evidence of shortened erythrocyte survival and splenic sequestration of 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes uniformly responded with rises in hemoglobin. However, half of the patients with negative splenic sequestration also showed improvement of anemia. Preoperative diagnostic studies failed to predict favorable responses of patients with thrombocytopenia or leukopenia. The classical criteria for the diagnosis of hypersplenism are not applicable in many cases of neoplastic lymphoproliferative disease; splenectomy could have been considered "contraindicated" in most of the patients in this series. We conclude that splenectomy is worth undertaking in patients with lymphoproliferative disease complicated by hematologic depression regardless of marrow findings or the results of other diagnostic studies.
Vibrio cholerae meningitis in a neonate

the delays before renal failure developed showed wide variations, and ranged from two to 16 years. 12, 13 In the present family, the two youngest patients died from nonrenal causes, so that the course of the renal disease remains unknown. Two siblings reported by Moncrieff et al ~' developed a NS at 11 months and had normal renal function 22 and 13 years later. Steroid-resistant familial nephrosis may have a protracted course, and an early pessimistic prognosis must be given with caution. The two older patients of this family had a steroidresistant NS which did not differ from sporadic steroidresistant nephrosis with minimal changes, and further development of focal segmental hyalinosis or sclerosis. Although environmental factors accounting for the familial incidence cannot be excluded, it is more likely that the disease of the three children was hereditary. This favors the hypothesis that steroid-resistant nephrosis may be caused by several primary mechanisms and is not a single entity?~, 13
Signal-to-noise efficiency in magnetic resonance imaging

The dependence of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the analog filter, the sampling rate and the number and dimensions of voxels is derived for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is shown that the object signal-to-noise ratio scales directly with the voxel volume and the square root of the number of voxels. Defining an efficiency figure of merit as the SNR divided by the square root of the imaging time, it is shown that efficiency is always improved when imaging with the lowest possible resolution (largest voxel dimensions) consistent with viewing the desired anatomical detail. The results directly imply the relative efficiency of 3-D (volume), 2-D (plane), 1-D (line) and 0-D (point) imaging techniques. It is shown that spatial averaging is an inefficient method of noise reduction in MRI. As long as voxel size is maintained constant, one can image as many pixels in the readout direction as desired with no loss in SNR; that is, the number of pixels in the readout direction has no effect on the image SNR. Further, multiple sampling of each phase encoding value (to improve SNR) has no advantage over increasing the number of pixels in the phase encoding direction while leaving the voxel size constant. Some experimental observations are given.