cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“We Define Ourselves”: 1.5‐Generation Undocumented Immigrant Activist Identities and Insurgent Discourse

This article examines the construction of 21st-century language and identities in an era of global displacement and social media when increasing numbers of youth are growing up undocumented. Building on prior research on anti-immigrant rhetoric, it is based on participant observation, interviews, and document analysis conducted with Latin@ activists in California (1999–2001) and Illinois (2010–2014). Language has been central to the U.S. undocumented youth movement, as 1.5.-generation immigrant activists creatively use self-naming for empowerment. New, positive identities help young immigrants to challenge anti-immigrant rhetoric and love themselves, locate and support each other, and advocate for assistance and rights. Activist identities have changed over time along with changing political contexts and strategies, moving from close alignment with legislative efforts to increasing recognition of intersectional, marginalized, and transnational social locations.
Simplification of electrospray mass spectra of Polysorbate 80 via cation transfer to carborane anions

Mass spectrometric analysis of polymer mixtures via electrospray ionization can be complicated due the presence of multiple ion types, multiple charge states and multiple oligomeric distributions that complicate the detection and identification of mixture components. Polysorbate 80 (commercially known as Tween(®) 80) provides an example of this type, where the presence of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (PSO) byproducts gives rise to overlapping polymer distributions. It is desirable to simplify the spectrum in order to identify each component of what is inherently a complex mixture of fatty esters bound to different head groups. In this work, we show that gas-phase ion/ion reactions with carborane anions allow for the charge reduction of Tween(®) 80 peaks by selectively removing metal adducts bound to the synthetic polymer. The resulting singly charged spectrum reduces overlapping distributions and thus simplifies the identification of the components found in a Tween(®) 80 sample. The overall approach described here would likely lead to similar benefits in the analysis of other polymers that tend to ionize via metal ion adduction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Nonstratified Model for Natural Fractal Curves

The stratified structure of Koch curves limits their value as models of nonstratified curves typical in nature, which may nevertheless have statistically self-similar character. Richardson plots for basic and randomized Koch curves are marked by strong, scale-periodic disruptions, and compare poorly with the smoothly sloping, compact Richardson plots derived for some natural, irregular curves. These disruptions relate to the heirarchies of dominant element sizes created in the discrete steps of Koch curve construction, with element vertices acting as attractors for divider steps. We have developed a curve-generation algorithm that adds individual bend elements to a line segment in a nonstratified manner, explicitly following the self-similar limit relation of curve length (L) to added line segment length (r). Values that may be specified include curve fractal dimension (D) and bend element shape (angle of inclination for the added segments). The procedure allows combinations of fractal dimension and element shape, which encompass the range of D values encountered for natural fractal curves. The nonstratified construction method provides useful standard curves for testing and norming of geometric analysis methods commonly applied to complex natural features. In a preliminary test of a multisampling divider method algorithm, the resulting Richardson plots consistently diverge from linear form, and are likely to lead to an overapproximation of D value.
Stress, ontogeny, and movement determine the relative importance of facilitation for juvenile mussels.

A number of ecological factors have been shown to influence the importance of positive interactions (i.e., facilitation) in nature, including environmental stress and ontogenetic effects, and many more are likely to emerge as facilitation research expands to new ecosystems and taxa. In this study, I used a combination of field surveys and experiments to explore the roles of stress, ontogeny, and organismal movement in determining the importance of mussel (Mytilus californianus) recruit facilitation in central California. Results indicate that interactions between mussel recruits (shell length <20 mm) and habitat ameliorating neighbors shift from neutral to positive from the low to high mussel zone. I also observed ontogenetic shifts in recruit survival and growth in the upper mussel zone that suggest mussel recruits migrate from algal substrate to adult mussel beds. This type of habitat shift, where an organism moves sequentially from one facilitator to another, may be common in nature and presents an exciting new area for research.
SU-F-J-132: Evaluation of CTV-To-PTV Expansion for Whole Breast Radiotherapy

Purpose: The current standard CTV-to-PTV expansion for whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) is 7mm, as recommended by RTOG-1005.This expansion is derived from the uncertainty due to patient positioning (±5mm) and respiratory motion (±5mm). We evaluated the expansion needed for respiratory motion uncertainty using 4DCT. After determining the appropriate expansion margins, RT plans were generated to evaluate the reduction in heart and lung dose. Methods: 4DCT images were acquired during treatment simulation and retrospectively analyzed for 34 WBRT patients. Breast CTVs were contoured on the maximum inhale and exhale phase. Breast CTV displacement was measured in the L-R, A-P, and SUP-INF directions using rigid registration between phase images. Averaging over the 34 patients, we determined the margin due to respiratory motion. Plans were generated for 10 left-sided cases comparing the new expansion with the 7mm PTV expansion. Results: The results for respiratory motion uncertainty are shown in Table 1. Drawing on previous work by White et al at Princess Margaret Hospital (1) (see supporting document for reference) which studied the uncertainty due to patient positioning, we concluded that, in total, a 5mm expansion was sufficient. The results for our suggested PTV margin are shown in Table 2, combining the patient positioning results from White et al with our respiratory motion results. The planning results demonstrating the heart and lung dose differences in the 5mm CTV-to-PTV expanded plan compared to the 7mm plan are shown in Table 3. Conclusion: Our work evaluating the expansion needed for respiratory motion along with previous work evaluating the expansion needed for setup uncertainty shows that a CTV-to-PTV expansion of 5mm is acceptable and conservative. By reducing the PTV expansion, significant dose reduction to the heart and lung are achievable.
The Triumphant Triumvirate: Synergistically Realizing the Purposes of a University Through a Core Management Course:

Core management courses bear a particularly challenging curricular as well as pedagogical burden insofar as they are typically the sole or primary vehicle for integrating management principles with...
Fish consumption is associated with a decreased risk of death among adults with diabetes: 18-year follow-up of a national cohort.

Abstract Background There is a paucity of studies examining the beneficial effects of fish consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among adults with diabetes, who experience a substantially high risk of CVDs. Methods and results We analyzed the data of 1136 adults with diabetes mellitus aged 18 years and older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994, and were followed up through December 31, 2010. We used Cox regression to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the relative risk across the levels of fish consumption. A total of 698 deaths were recorded at the end of 11,465 person-years follow-up with a mortality rate of 60.88 per 1000 person-years. CVDs were listed as a contributing cause for 326 deaths, thus accounting for 46.4% of total deaths. Stroke-specific mortality rate among patients who ate fish less than once a week was more than twice as high as that among patients who ate fish more than twice a week, 6.23 vs. 2.36 per 1000 person-years, respectively. The corresponding CVD-specific rate was 34.38 vs. 22.99 per 1000 person-years, respectively. The adjusted HRs of death due to stroke were 1.00 (reference), 0.55 (95% confidence interval = 0.28–1.07), and 0.30 (0.11–0.80) among patients who ate fish Conclusions A high consumption of fish was associated with a low risk of death due to CVDs, especially stroke, among adults with diabetes.
Computational Thinking Conceptions and Misconceptions: Progression of Preservice Teacher Thinking During Computer Science Lesson Planning

This study examined 12 preservice teachers’ understanding of computational thinking while planning and implementing a computational thinking activity for fifth grade students. The preservice teachers were enrolled in an add-on computer education license that would certify them to teach computer courses in addition to their primary major area (11 elementary education majors, 1 secondary social studies education major). The preservice teachers were asked to develop a 2 h instructional project for fifth grade students to build on the computational thinking concepts learned during the “Hour of Code” activity. Data was collected from preservice teachers’ initial proposals, two blog posts, video recordings of in-class discussions, instructional materials, final papers, and a long-term blog post 3 months after the intervention. Results showcased that the process of developing and implementing computational thinking instruction influenced preservice teachers’ understanding of computational thinking. The preservice teachers were able to provide basic definitions of computational thinking as a problem-solving strategy and emphasized that learning computational thinking does not require a computer. On the other hand, some preservice teachers had misconceptions about computational thinking, such as defining computational thinking as equal to algorithm design and suggesting trial and error as an approach to computational problem solving. We provide recommendations for teacher educators to use more directed activities to counteract potential misconceptions about computational thinking.
Lo que nos enseña Kalá Rabati sobre la redacción del Talmud

espanolKala Rabati es un texto rabinico amoraita (c. 350–400 de nuestra era) poco conocido con una estrecha relacion con el Talmud de Babilonia. Hay pasajes en Kala Rabati que tienen paralelos en el Talmud con ciertas variantes que exponen el proceso editorial de ambos textos. Ademas, la manera en que el Talmud se redacto es un enigma para los estudios talmudicos. Hasta ahora, este analisis ha sido tautologico: se descifra como se redacto el Talmud por medio de datos que provienen exclusivamente del Talmud mismo. Este estudio demuestra que Kala Rabati nos ayuda a descubrir el proceso de edicion del Talmud, senalando el importante papel que los transmisores desempenaron en la redaccion de algunos pasajes, constituyendo a veces la voz anonima del mismo. EnglishKallah Rabbati is a little-known late amoraic (c. 350–400 CE) rabbinic text with a close relationship to the Babylonian Talmud. Passages in Kallah Rabbati parallel passages in the Talmud with variations that expose the redactional process of both texts. How the Talmud was redacted is one of the enigmas of Talmudic studies. To date, that analysis has been tautological: deciphering how the Talmud was edited from data gathered exclusively from the Talmud itself. This study shows that Kallah Rabbati can be an invaluable aid in uncovering that process, pointing to the transmitters as having played a crucial role in the editing of some Talmudic passages and even at times comprising its anonymous voice.
Arctic-midlatitude weather linkages in North America

Abstract There is intense public interest in whether major Arctic changes can and will impact midlatitude weather such as cold air outbreaks on the central and east side of continents. Although there is progress in linkage research for eastern Asia, a clear gap is conformation for North America. We show two stationary temperature/geopotential height patterns where warmer Arctic temperatures have reinforced existing tropospheric jet stream wave amplitudes over North America: a Greenland/Baffin Block pattern during December 2010 and an Alaska Ridge pattern during December 2017. Even with continuing Arctic warming over the past decade, other recent eastern US winter months were less susceptible for an Arctic linkage: the jet stream was represented by either zonal flow, progressive weather systems, or unfavorable phasing of the long wave pattern. The present analysis lays the scientific controversy over the validity of linkages to the inherent intermittency of jet stream dynamics, which provides only an occasional bridge between Arctic thermodynamic forcing and extended midlatitude weather events.
The development of a nurse-driven protocol for the safe administration of vasopressors through peripheral intravenous catheters

Aim: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to develop a nurse-driven protocol to provide a safer, quicker, and less complication-prone alternative for the administration of vasopressors. Background: The use of vasopressor medication is a common life saving intervention used to achieve hemodynamic stability in critically ill patients. Vasopressor infusions are routinely administered through central venous catheters (CVC) for fear that extravasation into subcutaneous tissue will result in ischemic injury. There are many potential complications of obtaining central venous access for vasopressor use, including pneumothoraces, arterial punctures and hematomas. Design: Quality improvement project. Methods: An interdisciplinary team developed a written protocol for the administration of vasopressors through peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheters based on the available scientific evidence. Key components of this quality improvement project were patient safety, a team approach and skilled monitoring of the infusion site. Critical care nurses were responsible for the line insertion, maintenance and identification of possible extravasation. All catheters placed were confirmed by ultrasonography and if extravasation of medication was suspected, the extravasation protocol was followed without delay. Results: The protocol developed was utilized in a study by Cardenas-Garcia et al. (2015). Extravasation occurred in 19 of 734 patients (2%) without any tissue injury following the use of the extravasation protocol. This evidence-based protocol for peripherally administered vasopressors decreased central line use and the potential complications from the placement of CVCs. Strict adherence to this evidence-based nurse-driven protocol was essential for the safe administration of vasopressors via PIV access. Conclusion/Clinical relevance: Peripheral administration of vasopressors has many beneficial implications for nursing practice. A nurse-driven protocol for peripheral vasopressors can eliminate the need for CVCs, which will reduce the incidence of central line-associated blood stream infections and decrease the number of central line days. This also may eliminate potential complications from CVC placement. Lastly, peripherally administered vasopressors may prevent a delay in treatment often experienced with placement of a central line.
Concerning Theories Free from Bell’s Constraint

A local, separable, realistic, deterministic model is presented which generates data violating Bell’s inequality. This example shows that such data can support an explanation in which determinism extends to the apparatus. Specifically, it is shown that Bell’s inequality may be violated by measurements performed using isolated classical devices which evolve independently and deterministically from correlated initial conditions.
Are Men Rational or Economists Wrong

Publisher Summary Economics, having originated in the age of reason, has adopted the rationality of man as one of its basic postulates. The assumption of human rationality is a powerful simplification of the economist's model of reality; this is neither the first nor the last time that economists sacrifice realism for simplicity. Moreover, economists can proudly point to seeming confirmations of their rationality hypothesis. Many implications of several of the economist's theories of individual behavior are based on this hypothesis; and every time empirical data fail to contradict it, the economist's belief in human rationality is understandably strengthened, whatever psychoanalysts may say to the contrary. Having sounded a warning against a too easy assumption of man's rationality, one may well ask if economists have ever come across proof of man's irrationality. Not surprisingly, perhaps, economists are human. They sometimes do and sometimes do not find what they are looking for; however, very seldom do they find what they are not looking for. Their faith in man's rationality is almost absolute: Perhaps the only generally accepted exception to it is a minor one, known as the money illusion.
Framing Up Digital Literacy: Reviewing and Reframing Information Literacy Modules

ABSTRACTWhen it comes to updating information literacy modules, it can be a daunting task to know where to start. This article will explore utilizing the Association of College & Research Libraries’ Information Literacy Framework to identify skill gaps in the modules, create learner-centered experiences, and incorporate twenty-first-century literacy skills.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Aqueous-Phase Catalytic Pyrolysis Oil to Liquid Hydrocarbons Using Multifunctional Nickel Catalyst

Herein we investigated the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of aqueous-phase pinyon-juniper catalytic pyrolysis oil (APPJCPO) using a new multifunctional red mud-supported nickel (Ni/RM) catalyst. The orga...
Demonstration of biofilm removal from type 304 stainless steel using pulsed-waveform electropolishing

This article describes an electrochemical method to remove bacterial biofilm from a stainless steel (SS) surface using a potential pulse/reverse pulse technique. This technique employs a periodic waveform that consists of anodic and cathodic pulses. The pulses can effectively strip a thin layer of metal off the SS surface, along with the adherent biofilm, in a saline solution. Not only can the pulses effectively remove biofilm from the SS surface, but they also regenerate the original mirror-like shiny surface. The importance of this electrochemical biofilm removal method is its wide applicability for any types of biofilms. That is, instead of directly removing the biofilm, it removes a very thin layer of the metal under the biofilm. Thus, the removal process is independent to the nature of the biofilms. Furthermore, this electrochemical biofilm removal method is rapid (less than 30 s of potential pulse time) and does not require hazardous chemicals.
The Role of Proactive Personality, Goal Orientation & Self-Efficacy in Goal Setting & Performance

Better understanding the relationship between self-efficacy and self-set goal level has the potential to further enhance motivation theory and individual and organizational performance. Because of their desires to have an impact and effect change, if highly proactive people do not believe they will be successful (have low task efficacy), they may choose to put their efforts elsewhere and set lower goals for a task on which they are less efficacious. We propose a model in which proactive personality moderates the effect of self-efficacy on self-set goal level, which in turn positively influences task performance. We also investigate the effects of learning and performance goal orientations and core self-evaluations on self-efficacy. Results generally support the model, including the proposed interaction between proactive personality and self-efficacy. Individuals higher in self-efficacy tended to set higher performance goals regardless of their level of proactive personality. When performers were lower in ...
Extracellular Acidic pH Inhibits Acetate Consumption by Decreasing Gene Transcription of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and the Glyoxylate Shunt.

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli produces acetate during aerobic growth on various carbon sources. After consuming the carbon substrate, E. coli can further grow on the acetate. This phenomenon is known as the acetate switch, where cells transition from producing acetate to consuming it. In this study, we investigated how pH governs the acetate switch. When E. coli was grown on a glucose-supplemented medium initially buffered to pH 7, the cells produced and then consumed the acetate. However, when the initial pH was dropped to 6, the cells still produced acetate but were only able to consume it when little ( IMPORTANCE Many microorganisms produce fermentation products during aerobic growth on sugars. One of the best-known examples is the production of acetate by Escherichia coli during aerobic growth on sugars. In E. coli, acetate production is reversible: once the cells consume the available sugar, they can consume the acetate previously produced during aerobic fermentation. We found that pH affects the reversibility of acetate production. When the cells produce significant acetate during growth in acidic environments, they are unable to consume it. Unconsumed acetate may accumulate in the cell and inhibit the expression of pathways required for acetate catabolism. These findings demonstrate how acetate alters cell metabolism; they also may be useful for the design of aerobic fermentation processes.
LC modulation of sensory feature selectivity.

The locus coeruleus is known to be an essential source of neuromodulation that influences sensory processing, including the enhancement of feature selectivity associated with attentional focus. A new study shows that the primary sensory thalamus encompasses one circuit that underlies this enhancement.
Black on Black Education 2.0: Critical Race Perspectives on Personally Engaged Pedagogy for/by Black Pre-Service Teachers.

Public schools have increasing numbers of its teachers fitting into one demographic, white and female, while the numbers of Black/African American teachers decrease. This trend has not changed sinc...
Edmund Burke, Strauss, and the Straussians

In Natural Right and History, Leo Strauss accused Edmund Burke of being ignorant of the nobility of last-ditch resistance; defending a conception of history that set the path for historicism; and d...
Continental Philosophy of Language

Continental philosophy of language is a tradition of reflexion on language initiated in the eighteenth century by authors such as J. G. Hamann and J. G. Herder, and later developed by W. von Humboldt. Through the work of M. Heidegger it has extended its influence to contemporary hermeneutic philosophy (H.-G. Gadamer, K.-O. Apel, J. Habermas). All the authors of this tradition are primarily interested in the world-disclosing function of language, that is, in the question of how language shapes our experience of the world through the net of concepts that it entails. Thus, they oppose the traditional view of language as a mere tool for the designation of entities given independently of language or the expression of prelinguistic thoughts. In contradistinction to this view, they consider language as constitutive of our experience of the world. But given the plurality of natural languages, this view seems immediately confronted by the problem of linguistic relativism: if speakers of different languages experience the world in genuinely different ways, how can they communicate with each other or reach shared knowledge of the world? Due to this difficulty, one of the main concerns in this tradition is to explain how understanding across different languages is possible.
Aging Models and Lifetime Prediction of Thermally Aged Industrial Cable Insulation Polymers

There are over 600 miles of power cable installed in a typical nuclear power plant. Degradation due to thermal and radiation damage of cable insulation has been identified as one of the key factors that contribute to the loss of performance and ultimate failure of the cable. A critical aspect of cable health monitoring is to understand the nature of degradation and develop aging models to predict the service lifetime of the insulation. In this work, it is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of four different modeling approaches to evaluate the aging behavior and remaining useful life of industrial-grade ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), a cable insulation material used extensively in nuclear power plants. A comparative study of the ability of these prognostic models to reliably predict the service lifetime of EPR while accounting for the presence of various inclusions and impurities in the production grade material will be conducted, to test their industrial applicability and evaluate their relative performance
Musculoskeletal Imaging in Cerebral Palsy

Scoliosis, hip dysplasia, and other lower extremity deformities are common musculoskeletal pathology found in patients with cerebral palsy. Imaging studies allow for an improved identification of patients with these issues, help to understand the pathology, and aid in planning treatment strategies. Most of these deformities are visualized using plain radiographic techniques. Occasionally, as in the case of preoperative planning, advanced imaging, such as computerized topography and MRI, can be used for additional information. This article provides insight into the various imaging techniques for these musculoskeletal issues and aids in better care for patients with cerebral palsy.
Club Fed? White-Collar Incarceration in the American Imagination

This chapter investigates popular media representations of the prison experience for white-collar offenders in the United States. Through content analysis of narratives presented in mainstream news outlets, television programs, and movies, this chapter shows how broader, systemic class and racial inequalities are contested and illuminated through the tropes of prison life for incarcerated white-collar offenders. In particular, the “Club Fed” image of cushy treatment and light punishment for crimes of the elites is probed. The author separates fact from fiction about these institutions and questions the political implications of demands for harsher treatment of white-collar offenders.
The Effects of Person-Team Fit on Learning Goal Orientation and Salesperson Performance: An Abstract

Guided by goal interdependence theory, this research examines different effects of person-team fit in the sales force. Of particular interest are the ways trait cooperativeness and trait competitiveness might individually and jointly affect objective measures of salesperson performance. In the current study, person-team fit implies that salespeople and their sales teams have compatible personality traits (i.e., trait cooperativeness and trait competitiveness), while person-team misfit implies that salespeople and their sales teams have incompatible personality traits (e.g., cooperative-oriented salespeople within competitive-oriented sales teams).
Climate Predicts UV Floral Pattern Size, Anthocyanin Concentration, and Pollen Performance in Clarkia unguiculata

Given that flower size and pigmentation can mediate plant-pollinator interactions, many studies have focused on pollinator-driven selection on these floral traits. However, abiotic factors such as precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation also contribute to geographic variation in floral color, pattern, and size within multiple species. Several studies have described an ecogeographic pattern within species in which high temperature, high ultraviolet (UV) radiation, low precipitation and/or low latitudes are associated with increased floral anthocyanin production, smaller flowers, and/or larger UV-absorbing floral patterns (nectar guides or bullseyes). However, latitude or elevation is often used as a proxy variable to study variation in floral traits associated with a wide range of climatic variables, making the proximate abiotic drivers of variation difficult to identify. In this study, we tested and corroborated several predictions for how the abiotic environment may directly or indirectly shape geographic patterns of floral color, pattern, and size in Clarkia unguiculata (Onagraceae). This study provides the first report of geographic variation in multispectral floral color and pattern in C. unguiculata, while also providing an experimental test of the putative protective role of UV absorption for pollen performance. We quantified geographic variation among greenhouse-raised populations in UV floral pattern size, mean UV petal reflectance, anthocyanin concentration, and petal area in C. unguiculata across its natural range in California and, using 30 year climate normals for each population, we identified climatic and topographic attributes that are correlated with our focal floral traits. In addition, we examined pollen performance under high and low UV light conditions to detect the protective function (if any) of UV floral patterns in this species. Contrary to our expectations, the nectar guide and the proportion of the petal occupied by the UV nectar guide were largest in low solar UV populations. Estimated floral anthocyanin concentration was highest in populations with high solar UV, which does support our predictions. The size of the UV nectar guide did not affect pollen performance in either of the light treatments used in this study. We conclude that, under the conditions examined here, UV-absorbing floral patterns do not serve a direct "pollen protection" function in C. unguiculata. Our results only partially align with expected ecogeographic patterns in these floral traits, highlighting the need for research in a wider range of taxa in order to detect and interpret broad scale patterns of floral color variation.
Neurovascular axillary variations: superficial brachial artery and single-corded brachial plexus

Variants of the axillary artery and brachial plexus were found bilaterally in the axilla of an 86-year-old Asian female. On the left, the cadaver donor had a high bifurcation of the second part of the axillary artery, creating a superficial brachial artery. Meanwhile, the right axilla presented with root, trunk, and cord variations in the formation of the brachial plexus, the most interesting feature being a single, unified cord. Presented in this case report are the structural relationships of the variants with considerations regarding anatomy, embryology, prevalence, and clinical importance.
Robot-Assisted Stereotaxy Reduces Target Error: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of 6056 Trajectories.

BACKGROUND The pursuit of improved accuracy for localization and electrode implantation in deep brain stimulation (DBS) and stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) has fostered an abundance of disparate surgical/stereotactic practices. Specific practices/technologies directly modify implantation accuracy; however, no study has described their respective influence in multivariable context. OBJECTIVE To synthesize the known literature to statistically quantify factors affecting implantation accuracy. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the inverse-variance weighted pooled mean target error (MTE) of implanted electrodes among patients undergoing DBS or sEEG. MTE was defined as Euclidean distance between planned and final electrode tip. Meta-regression identified moderators of MTE in a multivariable-adjusted model. RESULTS A total of 37 eligible studies were identified from a search return of 2,901 potential articles (2002-2018) - 27 DBS and 10 sEEG. Random-effects pooled MTE = 1.91 mm (95% CI: 1.7-2.1) for DBS and 2.34 mm (95% CI: 2.1-2.6) for sEEG. Meta-regression identified study year, robot use, frame/frameless technique, and intraoperative electrophysiologic testing (iEPT) as significant multivariable-adjusted moderators of MTE (P < .0001, R2 = 0.63). Study year was associated with a 0.92-mm MTE reduction over the 16-yr study period (P = .0035), and robot use with a 0.79-mm decrease (P = .0019). Frameless technique was associated with a mean 0.50-mm (95% CI: 0.17-0.84) increase, and iEPT use with a 0.45-mm (95% CI: 0.10-0.80) increase in MTE. Registration method, imaging type, intraoperative imaging, target, and demographics were not significantly associated with MTE on multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION Robot assistance for stereotactic electrode implantation is independently associated with improved accuracy and reduced target error. This remains true regardless of other procedural factors, including frame-based vs frameless technique.
Police Ignorance and (Un)reasonable Fourth Amendment Exclusion

The Fourth Amendment exclusion doctrine is as baffling as it is ubiquitous. Although courts rely on it every day to decide Fourth Amendment violations as well as defendants’ motions to suppress evidence obtained through these violations, virtually every aspect of the doctrine is a subject of fundamental disagreement and confusion. When defendants file motions to suppress unlawfully obtained evidence, the government often argues that, even if a violation of the Fourth Amendment has transpired, the remedy of evidence suppression is barred because the police acted in “good faith,” meaning the officer reasonably, albeit mistakenly, believed the search or seizure was lawful. Judges and commentators sharply disagree about whether and which police mistakes of law are, in fact, reasonable so as to deny the application of the exclusionary rule remedy. They also disagree on the nature and scope of the reasonableness standard, and its impact on the very existence of the exclusionary rule as a remedy against police misconduct. This Article offers a new approach to the “good faith” exception doctrine based on a revisionist reading stemming from the Court’s recent decision in Heien v. North Carolina. There is widespread consensus that the good faith exception to the exclusionary rule doctrine determines the application of the remedy of evidence suppression to acknowledged violations of Fourth Amendment rights. But I argue that it is, in fact, better understood as an inquiry into the substance of Fourth Amendment rights and not into the application of the remedy. Since the Court held in Heien that a reasonable police mistake of law is relevant in the evaluation of conduct covered by the Fourth Amendment, there is no need for a “good faith” reasonableness exception to the exclusionary rule remedy, when that rule kicks in only after a violation of the Fourth Amendment. This approach renders the “good faith exception” to the exclusionary rule doctrine redundant. Instead of ruling that the exclusionary rule does or does not apply, courts in these cases can simply hold that an unreasonable search did or did not take place. This approach bears a significant practical payoff: courts will no longer be able to declare broadly that the police have violated the Fourth Amendment while in the same breath undercutting the value of remedying this violation based on two different questions on what constitutes one reasonable police officer.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for the treatment of oligometastatic gynecological malignancy in the abdomen and pelvis: A single-institution experience.

Purpose/objectives Metastasis-directed therapy with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in the setting of oligometastatic disease is a rapidly evolving paradigm given ongoing improvements in systemic therapies and diagnostic modalities. However, SBRT to targets in the abdomen and pelvis is historically associated with concerns about toxicity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SBRT to the abdomen and pelvis for women with oligometastases from primary gynecological tumors. Materials/methods From our IRB-approved registry, all patients who were treated with SBRT between 2014 and 2020 were identified. Oligometastatic disease was defined as 1 to 5 discrete foci of clinical metastasis radiographically diagnosed by positron emission tomography (PET) and/or computerized tomography (CT) imaging. The primary endpoint was local control at 12 months. Local and distant control rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Time intervals for development of local progression and distant progression were calculated based on follow up visits with re-staging imaging. Acute and late toxicity outcomes were determined based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Results We identified 34 women with 43 treated lesions. Median age was 68 years (range 32-82), and median follow up time was 12 months (range 0.2-54.0). Most common primary tumor sites were ovarian (n=12), uterine (n=11), and cervical (n=7). Median number of previous lines of systemic therapy agents at time of SBRT was 2 (range 0-10). Overall, SBRT was delivered to 1 focus of oligometastasis in 29 cases, 2 foci in 2 cases, 3 foci in 2 cases, and 4 foci in 1 case. All patients were treated comprehensively with SBRT to all sites of oligometastasis. Median prescription dose was 24 Gy (range 18-54 Gy) in 3 fractions (range 3-6) to a median prescription isodose line of 83.5% (range 52-95). Local control by lesion at 12 and 24 months was 92.5% for both time points. Local failure was observed in three treated sites among two patients, two of which were at 11 months in one patient, and the other at 30 months. Systemic control rate was 60.2% at 12 months. Overall survival at 12 and 24 months was 85% and 70.2%, respectively. Acute grade 2 toxicities included nausea (n=3), and there were no grade > 3 acute toxicities. Late grade 1 toxicities included diarrhea (n=1) and fatigue (n=1), and there were no grade > 2 toxicities. Conclusion SBRT to oligometastatic gynecologic malignancies in the abdomen and pelvis is feasible with encouraging preliminary safety and local control outcomes. This approach is associated with excellent local control and low rates of toxicity during our follow-up interval. Further investigations into technique, dose-escalation and utilization are warranted.
A Note on Almost-Everywhere Definability

This paper develops a notion of almost-everywhere definability, first published in [1], that appears more suitable, for certain purposes of axiomatizing scientific theories, than the stronger notion of definability formalized by Tarski [2, Chapter X].
Redefining “Boundary-Spanning Teacher Educator” for Critical Clinical Practice

In pursuit of preparing social justice educators, the authors argue for the inclusion of young adolescents and teacher candidates as boundary-spanning teacher educators who are both contributors to...
Translation and the Modern Arab Renaissance by Jabra Ibrahim Jabra

Jabra Ibrahim Jabra (1919–1994) was a Palestinian-Iraqi Renaissance man. In addition to writing poetry, literary criticism, art criticism, short stories, novels, screenplays, and personal essays, J...
Runtime Detection of Probing/Tampering on Interconnecting Buses

It has been reported that physical probing on an off-chip bus can reveal confidential information in an electronic system. An attacker can use non-invasive and inexpensive electric probes (or interposers) to measure signals from circuit traces, such as the memory bus between the memory controller and a memory module. This paper describes a method to detect any bus probing/tampering by tracking the phase shift of output digital waveforms, induced by input impedance change at the bus transmitter (Tx). A low-overhead digital circuit based on flip-flop’s metastability is built around the Tx using a field-programmable logic gate array (FPGA) to precisely measure the phase shift of output signals. Uniquely, the output data launched by the Tx is used as a stimulus signal, thus, the proposed method holds the advantage of detecting probing attacks at run-time. That is, the detection action operates in parallel with the normal data transfer on a bus without any interference, imposing zero latency to the communication channel. In order to show its feasibility in a real-world communication protocol, we implemented the proposed method in the DDR memory controller on an FPGA board (Xilinx ZCU104). The working prototype is able to protect a memory bus between the FPGA board and a DDR4 DIMM with a data rate of 2400MT/s. Experimental results show that the proposed method can be used to countermeasure interposer attacks, probing attacks, and cold boot attacks. We believe that the proposed method can be implemented in a variety of communication channels.
Advancing Seaport Resilience to Natural Hazards Due to Climate Change: Strategies to Overcome Decision Making Barriers

Climate change and extreme weather events put in peril the critical coastal infrastructure that is vital to economies, livelihoods, and sustainability. However, for a variety of reasons, decision makers often do not implement potential adaptation strategies to plan and adjust to climate and extreme weather events. To respond to the question of how seaport decision makers perceive strategies to overcome the barriers to adaptation we used semi-structured interviews of 30 seaport directors/managers, environmental specialists, and safety managers from 15 medium- and high-use ports of the U.S. North Atlantic. This paper contributes four broad strategies identified by seaport decision makers as necessary to help them advance on this challenge: funding, better planning or guidance, research and education, and advocacy/lobbying. We coded these strategies parallel to our partner paper that identified seven key barriers faced by the same set of decision makers. Results can help direct resources in ways targeted to the needs of seaport decision makers. The proposed framework contributes to theories of resilience building and barriers to decision making. Being strategic about change facilitates effective adaptation, decreasing risk, and enables continuity of safe, and sustainable, operations of U.S. seaports in the face of climate and extreme weather events.
On the Design of Coreless Permanent Magnet Machines for Electric Aircraft Propulsion

This paper presents design and prototyping studies for coreless and slotless permanent magnet (PM) machines, which have the potential for high power density and efficiency, and discusses their feasibility for electric aircraft propulsion. The emphasis is on axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines with printed circuit board (PCB) stators that have advantages over their wired counterparts in terms of design flexibility, coil accuracy, manufacturing process reliability, and heat dissipation. Detailed electromagnetic finite element analysis models were developed and employed alongside analytical sizing equations to evaluate the performance of two dual-rotor single-stator coreless AFPM designs employing wave and spiral PCB winding patterns. Design considerations for a 10kW 2,600rpm rating similar to the NASA X-57 electric aircraft propulsor motors are included. A 26-pole prototype machine has been developed and experimental testing results are presented.
Towards The Automatic Coding of Medical Transcripts to Improve Patient-Centered Communication.

This paper aims to provide an approach for automatic coding of physician-patient communication transcripts to improve patient-centered communication (PCC). PCC is a central part of high-quality health care. To improve PCC, dialogues between physicians and patients have been recorded and tagged with predefined codes. Trained human coders have manually coded the transcripts. Since it entails huge labor costs and poses possible human errors, automatic coding methods should be considered for efficiency and effectiveness. We adopted three machine learning algorithms (Naive Bayes, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine) to categorize lines in transcripts into corresponding codes. The result showed that there is evidence to distinguish the codes, and this is considered to be sufficient for training of human annotators.
Interconnects Variability Control for High Voltage Applications

Limiting the minimum spacing design rule of intra-metal lines and skipping the inter-metal layer in interconnects for more oxide spacing in order to improve TDDB margin for HV applications is not viable as it severely compromises the competitiveness of chip design. We demonstrated that with stringent control of the variation in oxide spacing between inter-metal layers, it is possible to improve TDDB margin for HV applications up to 12V for the specific low-k interconnects integration process. This technique provides a solution for cost saving without compromising reliability aspect.
Keynote Address: The State of Information Literacy Policy: A Global Priority

Abstract: Access to information is important for economic development and community-based solutions to global challenges. However, access to information alone is not sufficient: people need to know how to find, evaluate, manage, analyze, and compile information and communicate the results effectively for the intended audience. This paper presents a global overview of information literacy policy. The paper discusses the meaning of information literacy and its relation to information policy. The paper proposes a role of information literacy in addressing global challenges. It gives national examples of information literacy policy. Finally, the paper identifies challenges in information literacy policy and discusses ways to address them. Resume: L'acces a l'information est importante pour le developpement economique et les solutions communautaires face aux defis mondiaux. Toutefois, l'acces a l'information ne suffit pas a lui seul : les gens ont besoin de savoir comment trouver, evaluer,gerer, analyser et compiler l’information, et communiquer les resultats efficacement au public vise. Ce document presente un apercu global de la politique de maitrise de l'information. Le document aborde la signification de la maitrise de l'information et son rapport a la politique de l'information. Le document propose un role de la maitrise de l'information face aux defis mondiaux. Il donne des exemples nationaux de politique de maitrise de l’information. Enfin, le document enumere les defisde la politique d'alphabetisation en information et examine les moyens de les resoudre. Resumen: El acceso a la informacion es importante para el desarrollo economico y las soluciones basadas en la comunidad ante los desafios globales. Sin embargo, el acceso a la informacion por si solo no es suficiente: la gente necesita saber como encontrar, evaluar, manejar, analizar y compilar informacion y comunicar los resultados de manera efectiva a las audiencias previstas. Este articulo presenta una vision global de la politica de alfabetizacion informacional. Se analiza el significado de la alfabetizacion informacional y surelacion con la politica de informacion. El documento propone un papel que la alfabetizacion informacional puede desempenar para abordar los desafios globales. Da ejemplos de las politicas de alfabetizacion informacional de diferentes paises. Finalmente, el documento identifica los desafios que se presentan en la politica de alfabetizacion informacional y analiza la forma de abordarlos.