cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Task activation and functional connectivity show concordant memory laterality in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Abstract Objective In epilepsy, asymmetries in the organization of mesial temporal lobe (MTL) functions help determine the cognitive risk associated with procedures such as anterior temporal lobectomy. Past studies have investigated the change/shift in a visual episodic memory laterality index (LI) in mesial temporal lobe structures through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task activations. Here, we examine whether underlying task-related functional connectivity (FC) is concordant with such standard fMRI laterality measures. Methods A total of 56 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) (Left TLE [LTLE]: 31; Right TLE [RTLE]: 25) and 34 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent fMRI scanning during performance of a scene encoding task (SET). We assessed an activation-based LI of the hippocampal gyrus (HG) and parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) during the SET and its correspondence with task-related FC measures. Results Analyses involving the HG and PHG showed that the patients with LTLE had a consistently higher LI (right-lateralized) than that of the HC and group with RTLE, indicating functional reorganization. The patients with RTLE did not display a reliable contralateral shift away from the pathology, with the mesial structures showing quite distinct laterality patterns (HG, no laterality bias; PHG, no evidence of LI shift). The FC data for the group with LTLE provided confirmation of reorganization effects, revealing that a rightward task LI may be based on underlying connections between several left-sided regions (middle/superior occipital and left medial frontal gyri) and the right PHG. The FCs between the right HG and left anterior cingulate/medial frontal gyri were also observed in LTLE. Importantly, the data demonstrate that the areas involved in the LTLE task activation shift to the right hemisphere showed a corresponding increase in task-related FCs between the hemispheres. Significance Altered laterality patterns based on mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) pathology manifest as several different phenotypes, varying according to side of seizure onset and the specific mesial structures involved. There is good correspondence between task LI activation and FC patterns in the setting of LTLE, suggesting that reliable visual episodic memory reorganization may require both a shift in nodal activation and a change in nodal connectivity with mesial temporal structures involved in memory.
Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria and Thyroid Disease

Patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria or angioedema are often frustrated by their symptoms and by the inability of their physician to uncover the cause of their affliction. Detailed histories, food diaries, “routine” laboratory studies, and advanced immunologic evaluations usually offer no further insight into the pathogenesis of the disorder. Recent advances in comprehending the etiology of chronic urticaria or angioedema have supported the notion that many cases may be an indication of an underlying autoimmune process. As discussed in this chapter, there is an increasing body of evidence to corroborate the theory that there is an association of some cases of chronic urticaria or angioedema with thyroid autoimmunity, and that a subset of these patients may respond therapeutically to the administration of thyroid hormone. Evaluating patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria or angioedema for thyroid autoimmunity should be part of their standard workup. Therapeutic use of thyroid hormone may be considered a therapeutic option in select patients who fail to respond to conventional therapy.
Systemic Risk and Bank Failure

We investigate the impact of systemic risk on bank failure. All systemic risk measures investigated in this paper are significantly related to the probability of bank failure during the latest financial crisis. The predictive power of systemic risk is strong in the one-year forecast horizon, suggesting that systemic risk has substantial impact on bank failure. Its impact weakens in the one-quarter forecast horizon, so immediately before the failure, the influence from systemic risk seems to be largely channeled through and reflected in the worsening balance sheet. Further, systemic risk is not a new phenomenon during the latest banking crisis, as it also contributes to bank failures before 2005; but the influence of systemic risk is much stronger after 2005. Finally, there is evidence that firms with higher capital ratios are more affected by systemic risk.
A “Wife’s Duty” and Social Suffering: Sexual Assault in Marital Relationships in Vietnam

Sexual assault in marital relationships tends to be somewhat neglected in Vietnam compared to other forms of domestic violence. This relative neglect does not occur because of a lack of concern for...
Birth weight and maternal age among American Indian/Alaska Native mothers: A test of the weathering hypothesis.

Abstract Substantial research has examined birth outcomes by race/ethnicity, noting not only disparities by race/ethnicity, but different maternal age patterns in low birth weight (LBW) prevalence. Few studies have examined these disparities among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) mothers, whose LBW prevalence is below the national average, despite substantial socioeconomic disadvantage among the population. Prior work has hypothesized that AI/AN mothers should exhibit LBW age patterns similar to those seen in NH black mothers as a result of exposure to cumulative stress, trauma, and socioeconomic disadvantage, but this has not been empirically tested. This paper uses data from the 2014–2016 U.S. Birth File, which contains records of all U.S. births for those years to examine maternal age patterns in birth weight among AI/AN mothers. Importantly, this study also considers high birth weight (HBW) births, given higher prevalence of diabetes in the AI/AN population, and proposes that if “weathering” is occurring in this population, HBW prevalence likely will influence the observed maternal age patterns in birth weight, such that prevalence of births in normal range may resemble NH blacks, even if LBW prevalence does not. Findings suggest modest evidence of weathering in AI/AN populations for LBW. Examination of normal birth weight births suggests that inclusion of HBW to the risk profile of AI/AN births better defines birth outcome risk in this population relative to white mothers. Smoking during pregnancy and gestational diabetes were particularly prevalent among AI/AN mothers and present reason for concern in spite of relatively favorable birth outcomes.
A Matched Analysis on the Prognostic Impact of Race on Survival Endpoints of Women with Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer.

Objective To compare survival endpoints between African American (AA) and non-AA (NAA) women with endometrial carcinoma (EC) stage I-II using a robust matching analysis. Methods and materials Patients were matched by stage, grade, adjuvant management (surveillance, vaginal brachytherapy or pelvic radiation treatment), age, and year of hysterectomy. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Results A total of 758 patients were included. Body mass index and Age-Adjusted Charlson comorbidity index was significantly higher in AA compared to NAA women. There were no significant differences between the AA and NAA groups in regard to 5-year RFS (94 vs. 93%), DSS (96 vs. 98%) or 5-year OS (90 vs. 92%). On multivariate analysis of survival endpoints for the entire study cohort, it was found that race (AA vs. NAA) was not a significant predictor of RFS, DSS, or OS. Grade 3 tumors and the presence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) were the only 2 independent predictors of RFS and DSS, while age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity score, grade 3, stage II and the presence of LVSI were independent predictors of shorter OS. Conclusions When matched based on the tumor stage, grade, adjuvant treatment, age, and year of surgery, our study suggests that there is no statistically significant difference in any survival endpoints between AA and NAA women with early-stage EC. Based on these data, disparities in outcome likely do not stem from uterine cancer-related causes. The increased comorbidity burden in AA women is likely a factor contributing to the racial disparity in endometrial cancer.
Environmental Radiation Pollution and Radiation Safety

In the next 50 years, the dynamics of world energy production will be changing dramatically as conventional fossil fuel reserves dwindle. This, and the CO2 build-up resulting from fossil fuel combustion make “alternative” energy sources appear increasingly more attractive. The chief non-carbon alternative energy sources that have the potential for supplying 10 Terawatt years (TWa) per year and above are the fast-breeder reactor, the large-scale use of solar energy, and fusion (which is still far from being technically available) (Hafele, 1989). In 1986 nuclear power plants in member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) contributed 21.2% of the total global electricity production of 0.6686 Twa electric. The production of 10 TWa per year utilizing only nuclear energy would produce 4680 tons of nuclear waste (ibid), with no emission of “greenhouse gases” such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons.
Faculty Turnover at American Colleges and Universities: Analyses of AAUP Data

Abstract This paper uses institutional level data collected by the American Association of University Professors as part of their annual survey of faculty members' compensation to analyse faculty turnover. Analyses of aggregate data over almost a 20-year period highlight how remarkably stable faculty retention rates have been nationwide and how little they vary across broad categories of institutions. Analyses of variations in faculty retention rates across individual institutions stress the role that faculty compensation levels play. Higher levels of compensation appear to increase retention rates for assistant and associate professors (but not for full professors) and the magnitude of this effect grows larger as one moves from institutions with graduate programs, to 4-year undergraduate institutions, to 2-year institutions.
Visualization of PS/γ-Secretase Activity in Living Cells.

A change in Presenilin (PS)/γ-secretase activity is linked to essential biological events as well as to the progression of many diseases. However, not much is known about how PS/γ-secretase activity is spatiotemporally regulated in cells. One of the limitations is lack of tools to directly monitor dynamic behavior of the PS/γ-secretase in intact/live cells. Here we present successful development and validation of the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors that enable quantitative monitoring of endogenous PS/γ-secretase activity in live cells longitudinally on a cell-by-cell basis. Using these FRET biosensors, we uncovered that PS/γ-secretase activity is heterogeneously regulated among live neurons.
Synthesis of isobemisiose, neosartose, and fischerose: three α-1,6-linked trehalose-based oligosaccharides identified from Neosartorya fischeri

Three complex α-1,6-linked trehalose-based oligosaccharides with unique preservation properties, isobemisiose, neosartose, and fischerose, were recently identified from the extreme stress-tolerant ascospores of Neosartorya fischeri. Herein, we report the first concise, scalable, and iterative chemical synthesis of these oligosaccharides from a differentially protected thioglycoside donor and a selectively protected, asymmetric trehalose acceptor. This work constitutes an improved synthesis of isobemisiose, and is also the first reported synthesis of neosartose, a tetrasaccharide, and fischerose, a pentasaccharide, in good yield. Importantly, in-depth studies of biological function are enabled by this synthetic platform.
Diversity and Inclusion in Libraries: A Call to Action and Strategies for Success . Shannon D. Jones and Beverly Murphy, eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. 210p. Paper, $35.00 (ISBN 978-1-5381-1439-1).

We have been talking about diversity and inclusion in the library world for a long time. There have been articles and books written on the subject. There are sessions at conferences. Our communities and our patrons are more diverse, so why hasn’t the profession become more diverse? Shannon Jones and Beverly Murphy have addressed the issue of making libraries more diverse and inclusive, taking it head-on with a systematic review of what diversity and inclusion mean for libraries and why they are important. But they don’t stop there. They segue into discussions on how to make our libraries and our profession more diverse and inclusive. The book is rounded out by real-life examples, true “voices from the field.”
Reproductive Traits of Ontsira mellipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a North American Parasitoid, as a Novel Biological Control Agent for Exotic Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Ontsira mellipes Ashmead is a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of woodboring cerambycids that is native to North America but can readily attack the exotic Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky). To evaluate the potential of the parasitoid as a novel association control agent for the pest beetle, this study investigated some key reproductive traits of the parasitoid, including egg maturation dynamics, and host size preference and suitability in association with the beetle. Results showed that female wasps emerged with a substantial portion (38%) of their lifetime complement of mature eggs and matured eggs rapidly, reaching a peak 4-6 d post-eclosion. The number of mature eggs was positively related to the female wasp's body size. Oviposition prompted production of more mature eggs by young female wasps. The parasitoid did not show a significant preference for large over small hosts in a choice test. Host size did not affect the parasitoid's offspring survival, developmental time, or sex ratio. However, clutch size increased with increasing host size. Female wasps that developed from large hosts had larger body size and consequently a higher mature egg load than those reared from small hosts. Neither longevity nor the total number of parasitized hosts over a female's lifetime was affected by the female's size, but the total number of offspring produced per female increased with the female's size. These results have important implications for improving rearing and field-release strategies as well as understanding the ecological mechanisms underlying host size selection in gregarious parasitoids.
Bilateral Foot Skin Eruption in a Hepatitis C Patient.

Author(s): Davis, Shane; Creditt, Angela | Abstract: Case Presentation: A 58-year-old female with history of hepatitis C virus presented to the emergency department with a bilateral skin eruption to her feet for one year. Following skin biopsy, the patient was diagnosed with Necrolytic acral erythema (NAE). She was treated with clobetasol ointment, zinc supplementation, and mupirocin, which resulted in improvement in her symptoms.Discussion: NAE is a rash described as sharply demarcated, lichenified plaques on the dorsal foot and is a rare extra-hepatic manifestation of hepatitis C. This case details a patient with a skin eruption consistent with NAE.
How Big Is Too Big?: Donor Severe Obesity and Heart Transplant Outcomes.

Background: As the population becomes increasingly obese, so does the pool of potential organ donors. We sought to investigate the impact of donors with body mass index ≥40 (severe obesity) on hear...
Knowledge and decision support for variable rate application of materials in prescription farming

A program designed to control a hydraulic motor using either PI or hybrid Fuzzy Logic PI control was written. The motor under control was part of a hydrostatic transmission. The real time closed loop control software was written to run on an IBM PC AT or equivalent. Additional software was written to generate the fiiz^ rule set to be used with the hybrid Fuzzy-PI controller. Test results indicate that hybrid fiizzy logic PI control of the motor speed was more effective than pure PI control for set point changes. Load changes were not tested.
Afterword: Witness to the archive

This afterword uses the work of artist Patricia Kaersenhout and Black feminist scholars to reflect on the implications of working with colonial archives and their forms of erasure.
Inflammation- and Gut-Homing Macrophages, Engineered to De Novo Overexpress Active Vitamin D, Promoted the Regenerative Function of Intestinal Stem Cells

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gut. Available drugs aim to suppress gut inflammation. These drugs have significantly delayed disease progression and improved patients’ quality of life. However, the disease continues to progress, underscoring the need to develop novel therapies. Aside from chronic gut inflammation, IBD patients also experience a leaky gut problem due to damage to the intestinal epithelial layer. In this regard, epithelial regeneration and repair are mediated by intestinal stem cells. However, no therapies are available to directly enhance the intestinal stem cells’ regenerative and repair function. Recently, it was shown that active vitamin D, i.e., 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or 1,25(OH)2D, was necessary to maintain Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells, actively cycling under physiological conditions. In this study, we used two strategies to investigate the role of 1,25(OH)2D in intestinal stem cells’ regenerative function. First, to avoid the side effects of systemic high 1,25(OH)2D conditions, we used our recently developed novel strategy to deliver locally high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations specifically to inflamed intestines. Second, because of the Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells’ active cycling status, we used a pulse-and-chase strategy via 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling to trace the Lgr5+ stem cells through the whole epithelial regeneration process. Our data showed that locally high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations enhanced intestinal stem cell migration. Additionally, the migrated cells differentiated into mature epithelial cells. Our data, therefore, suggest that local delivery of high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations is a promising strategy to augment intestinal epithelial repair in IBD patients.
Precambrian Paleobiology: Precedents, Progress, and Prospects

In 1859, C.R. Darwin highlighted the “inexplicable” absence of evidence of life prior to the beginning of the Cambrian. Given this lack of evidence and the natural rather than theological unfolding of life’s development Darwin espoused, over the following 50 years his newly minted theory was disputed. At the turn of the 19th century, beginning with the discoveries of C.D. Walcott, glimmerings of the previously “unknown and unknowable” early fossil record came to light – but Walcott’s Precambrian finds were also discounted. It was not until the breakthrough advances of the 1950’s and the identification of modern stromatolites (1956), Precambrian phytoplankton in shales (1950’s), stromatolitic microbes in cherts (1953), and terminal-Precambrian soft-bodied animal fossils (1950’s) that the field was placed on firm footing. Over the following half-century, the development and application of new analytical techniques coupled with the groundbreaking contributions of the Precambrian Paleobiology Research Group spurred the field to its international and distinctly interdisciplinary status. Significant progress has been made worldwide. Among these advances, the known fossil record has been extended sevenfold (from ~0.5 to ~3.5 Ga); the fossil record has been shown consistent with rRNA phylogenies (adding credence to both); and the timing and evolutionary significance of an increase of environmental oxygen (~2.3 Ga), of eukaryotic organisms (~2.0 Ga), and of evolution-speeding and biota-diversifying eukaryotic sexual reproduction (~1.0 Ga) have been identified. Nevertheless, much remains to be learned. Such major unsolved problems include the absence of definitive evidence of the widely assumed life-generating “primordial soup”; the timing of the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis; the veracity of postulated changes in global photic-zone temperature from 3.5 Ga to the present; the bases of the advent of eukaryotic sexuality-requiring gametogenesis and syngamy; and the timing of origin and affinities of the small soft-bodied precursors of the Ediacaran Fauna.
Theory of Earth Rotation Variations

The theory currently used to study small variations in the Earth’s rotation that occur on time scales longer than a day is reviewed. This theory is based on the principle of the conservation of angular momentum. Using this principle, changes in the rotation of the solid Earth can be shown to be caused either by changes in the mass distribution of the solid Earth or by torques acting on the solid Earth. Such torques can be caused, for example, by the motion of the atmosphere and oceans or by the gravitational effect of the Sun, Moon, and planets. When applying this principle to the rotation of the Earth a number of simplifying assumptions are made including: (1) linearity; (2) axisymmetry; (3) equilibrium oceans; (4) Tisserand mean-mantle; (5) the core is uncoupled from the mantle; and (6) the rotational variations occur on time scales much longer than a day. While the resulting theory has been successfully used in the past to interpret the observed variations in the Earth’s rotation, it is argued that the accuracy of the observations has improved to the point that the current theory is no longer adequate and that a new, more accurate theory of the Earth’s rotation is needed.
25. Laparoscopic Palliation for Pancreatic Cancer

The role of laparoscopy in the management of pancreatic cancer continues to evolve. With advancements in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques, laparoscopy has become an accepted approach to initial surgical inspection of the peritoneal cavity and can play a key role in determining resectability of pancreatic cancer. Contemporary surgical management of pancreatic cancer now incorporates innovative MIS techniques beyond just the “first-look,” and even in cases of unresectable cancer, laparoscopy offers the patient viable therapeutic options to palliate underlying disease symptoms and maintain the quality of life while significantly minimizing associated surgical morbidity. These patient derived benefits of an MIS approach can be significant since nearly 80% of pancreatic cancer patients are deemed unresectable and require palliative surgical options. This chapter outlines techniques for laparoscopic palliation of pancreatic cancer and discusses key surgical considerations for patient management.
Nanoparticle colloidal suspension optimization and freeze-cast forming

Nanopanicle suspension and forming are important areas. In this paper, the stability and rheology ofAl 2 O 3 nanopanicle suspensions at different dispersant concentration, suspension pH, and solids loading were studied. The most desirable suspension conditions were 7.5-9.5 for pH and 2.00-2.25 wt% of Al 2 O 3 for poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) dispersant. 45.0 vol% Al 2 O 3 solids loading can be achieved while maintaining good suspension flow for freeze casting. The maximum solids loading of the Al 2 O 3 nanoparticle suspension was predicted to he 50.7 volt%. The preliminary results of the freeze-cast sample showed that suspension pre-rest before freezing was critical for achieving defect free microstructures.
Determination, separation, and tracking of an unknown time varying number of maneuvering sources by Bayes joint decision-estimation

This paper proposes a solution for the problem of determination, separation, and tracking of an unknown time-varying number of maneuvering sources based on a mixture of signals received by some omnidirectional sensors located at different places. To our knowledge, this problem has not been addressed in its full range: what has been addressed is limited to some simplified versions (e.g., with a fixed known number of sources) or with sensor arrays, which is different from our case (with omnidirectional sensors). This problem has one decision and two estimation subproblems: determine the number of sources (decision), estimate signals of different sources (separation), and estimate state vector of the sources (tracking), while the number of sources can change with time and their dynamic models are uncertain. These three subproblems are highly interrelated that solving one requires solutions of the other two. Therefore, they have to be considered jointly. Optimal Bayes joint decision and estimation (JDE) based on a generalized Bayes risk can handle such problems. However, here we have several additional difficulties, including two interrelated estimation subproblems, dynamic model uncertainty, correlated states of different sources, dependent dynamic models of different sources, nonlinearity of observation model, and two involved Markov process types (one for the number of sources and the other for the dynamic model). An approximate linear minimum mean square error estimator is derived to deal with the interrelated estimation subproblems. Having considered all the aforementioned issues, Bayes JDE required terms are derived based on a recursive calculation of some key terms. The proposed method is theoretically solid and simple for implementation. It is examined by simulations.
Performance of turbulent chemical laser.

Introduction V effective means of generating population inversion for flow systems have been studied in recent years. New results as well as rather up-to-date reviews of the subject are found in Refs. 1-8. Extensive studies ~ 8 have been carried out on the chemical lasers wherein the population inversion is created through the combustion of initially unmixed reactants. Most of the analyses" are based on laminar flow and mixing. The laminar analysis was modified for turbulent lasers by employing the conventional gross mixing concept of turbulent flow. This standard method of modifying the laminar analysis for chemically reacting turbulent flow includes a rather fundamental assumption which could lead to substantially inaccurate results. It is the implicit assumption that the eddy mixing immediately allows the commencing of chemical reaction in the manner analogous to the laminar mixing. The general relationship between the turbulent mixing and the chemical reaction has been studied for various systems in the past." 17 Particularly, the importance of correctly describing the turbulent mixing in the analysis of the combustion of initially unmixed reactants was elucidated in Refs. 13-17. In the present Note, the order of error that can result in the predicted power output of a turbulent chemical laser from employing the conventional mixing concept is investigated. This investigation is carried out within the context of the simplified approach of Ref. 4.
Theoretical and measurement issues in the study of sex segregation in the workplace: research note

Contribution au debat sur les methodes de mesure de la segregation professionnelle selon le sexe. L'A. developpe trois points : 1) les chercheurs doivent selectionner les indices de segregation les plus adaptes a leur problematique ; 2) du fait qu'aucune mesure simple n'englobe tous les aspects de la problematique de la segregation, les chercheurs doivent utiliser plusieurs indices de segregation ; 3) etant donnee le large usage de l'index de dissemblance (Dissimilarity Index), d'evaluation aisee et simple d'interpretation, l'A. recommande de continuer d'utiliser le DI jusqu'a ce qu'un outil alternatif clair n'emerge.
Preferred Leadership of NCAA Division I and II Intercollegiate Student-Athletes

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of student-athletes' preferred leadership behavior for their coaches based on gender, competition level, task dependence, and task variability. Four hundred and eight male and female studentathletes from four NCAA Division I and six Division II universities expressed their preferences using the Revised Leadership Scale for Sport (RLSS) (Zhang, Jensen, & Mann, 1997). The preference version of the RLSS included six behavior dimensions, autocratic, democratic, positive feedback, situational consideration, social support, and training and instruction behaviors. A split-plot ANOV A was performed on the individual preference scores grouped by gender, competition level, task dependence, and task variability for the six dimensions of coaching behavior. The ANOVA also computed interactions. Fisher's LSDs were performed on all significant interactions. Among genders, the ANOVA demonstrated a significant gender by level interaction for democratic behavior. Fisher's LSD failed to detect any significant interactions. Among competition levels, the ANOV A demonstrated a significant task dependence by level interaction for autocratic behavior. Division I independent sport student-athletes had significantly higher preferences than Division II independent sport student-athletes. A significant task variability by level interaction revealed Division I open sport student-athletes had significantly greater preferences for autocratic behavior than did Division II open sport student-athletes. The results also demonstrated a significant task dependence by level interaction for democratic behavior. Division I independent sport student-athletes showed significantly greater preferences for democratic behavior than Division I interdependent sport student-athletes and Division II
p53 Response to DNA Damage in S-phase

p53 induces the transcription of genes that negatively regulate progression of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage or other cellular stressors, and thus participates in maintaining genome stability. Under stress conditions, p53 must be activated to prohibit the replication of cells containing damaged DNA. However, in normal, non-stressed cells, p53 activity must be inhibited. Previous studies have demonstrated that p53 transcription is activated before or during early S-phase in cells progressing from G0/G1 into S-phase. In that this is not what would be predicted from a gene involved in growth arrest and apoptosis, in this study, we provide evidence that this induction occurs to provide available p53 mRNA in order to prepare the cell for DNA damage in S-phase, ensuring a rapid response to DNA damage before exiting this stage. When comparing exponential to synchronized Swiss3T3 cells upon Camptothecin-induced DNA damage, we found that in synchronized cells, p53 protein levels increased earlier, Bax and p21 transcription was activated earlier and to a greater extent and apoptosis occurred earlier and to a greater extent. These findings are consistent with p53 transcription being induced in S-phase to provide for a rapid DNA-damage response during S-phase of the cell cycle.
Psychological Issues in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Accumulating research suggests that the prevalence of a number of psychological disorders, including mood, anxiety, eating, and psychotic disorders, may be higher in adults with type 2 diabetes than in the general population. Furthermore, these disorders, along with subclinical presentations of psychological distress, have serious implications for the management of type 2 diabetes and are associated with worse health outcomes. In this chapter, we consider the evidence linking various psychological disorders with diabetes and review important assessment and treatment issues in the context of type 2 diabetes. Psychological intervention in type 2 diabetes patients who are experiencing psychological problems has the potential to improve psychological health, quality of life, and health outcomes. We emphasize the importance of treatment approaches that focus on the role of health behaviors and treatment adherence when addressing psychological problems in patients with type 2 diabetes, in order to maximize the potential health benefits of treatment.
Travel time classification of extreme solar events: Two families and an outlier

Extreme solar events are of great interest because of the extensive damage that could be experienced by technological systems such as electrical transformers during such periods. In studying geophysical phenomena, it is helpful to have a quantitative measure of event strength so that similar events can be intercompared. Such a measure also allows the calculation of the occurrence rates of events with varying strength. We use historical fast travel time solar events to develop a measure of strength based on the Sun-Earth trip time. We find that these fast events can be grouped into two distinct families with one even faster outlier. That outlier is not the Carrington event of 1859 but the extremely intense solar particle event of August 1972.
Can in vitro fertilization cycles be salvaged by repeat administration of intramuscular human chorionic gonadotropin the day after failed injection

Objective To investigate the incidence of negative serum hCG level after initial IM trigger injection and whether such cycles can be salvaged through repeat administration of IM hCG. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) All patients undergoing IVF at the Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, from January 1, 2005 to November 1, 2011. Intervention(s) Repeat hCG administration in cases of failed initial trigger. Main Outcome Measure(s) Fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates were analyzed in the index population compared with a control population matched for age, year of cycle start, diagnosis, stimulation protocol, number of prior IVF attempts, oocyte yield, and number of embryos transferred. Result(s) The incidence of failed initial IM hCG injection was low, occurring in only 0.25% of the 17,298 fresh IVF cycles at our center during the study period. Of the 41 patients undergoing retrieval who received a second IM injection of hCG approximately 24 hours after the first, the live birth rate was 39.02%. Compared with matched controls, there were no statistical differences in oocyte maturity, fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy, or live birth rates. Conclusion(s) Although the incidence of failed hCG injection is rare, this study reveals that cycles characterized by incorrect initial administration or failed absorption of hCG can be salvaged by early detection and repeat injection. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs may benefit their patients through the assessment of either urine pregnancy tests or measurement of quantitative serum β-hCG levels before retrieval, thereby preventing empty follicle syndrome.
Molecular weight distribution of products of free radical nonisothermal polymerization with gel effect. Simulation for polymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Abstract A gel effect model for the free radical polymerization of PMMA under nonisothermal conditions has been used to simulate the profiles of various system parameters, such as temperature, initiator concentration and conversion. Cumulative molecular weight and instantaneous radical molecular weight profiles for processes with greatly different histories have been computed using the method of moments. Continuous approximation of the discrete variable, degree of polymerization, renders the transformation of a large set of ordinary equations for species conservation into partial differential equations. The resulting radical and dead polymer molecular weight distributions give averages consistent with those found by the method of moments. Basic rules of thumb correlating the product molecular weights with the governing process parameters have been established based on simulations applicable to either plug flow or well-stirred batch reactors.
Restraint effects in laser welding of an aluminum MMC

Laser beam welding (LBW) of an aluminium metal matrix composite (alloy A40) with a low coefficient of thermal expansion has been investigated. It was found that the cracking propensity of this alloy when laser welded is affected considerably by the restraint conditions at the weld joint. A low restraint joint geometry was chosen that resulted in the completion of crack free alloy A40 welds using the pulsed Nd:YAG LBW process. In contrast, similarly processed welds made in a high restraint weld joint were found to be cracked after welding. The cracks were determined to be solid state cracks and no solidification cracking was indicated. High restraint weld joints between alloy A40 and aluminum alloys 6061 and 1100 were welded crack free. The absence of cracking here was attributed to the high ductility of these alloys which can better accommodate the weld induced shrinkage strains than alloy A40 by itself. It was found that alloy A40 has good absorptivity with the low continuous power CO2 LBW process, and that unlike pulsed laser welds in a high restraint joint geometry, the continuous power welds are crack free. >
A compact and inexpensive drinkometer for use with small animals

Abstract A compact and low cost solid state drinkometer design is presented permitting electrical isolation of the animal from the recording system. Data correlating licks with daily water intake (ml) and temporal consumption patterns are provided for several Long Evans rats.
The Case for Parathyroid Hormone

I T HAS been some time since we called attention to the interaction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and aluminum (AI). I This observation using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was initially ignored and subsequently challenged. At the time, it was widely believed that the source of tissue Al burdens in dialysis patients was intravenous Al derived from contaminated dialysate. This belief was propagated even though the original report of encephalopathy2 could not identify contaminated dialysate. Nevertheless, dialysate was the obvious source of Al and seemed to explain the epidemiology of dialysis dementia which at the time was the only certain manifestation of Al toxicity. These concepts were given credence by reports of this disease resulting from AIcontaminated dialysate. 3-5 However, AIcontaminated dialysate did not fully explain the epidemiology of this disease nor why only some patients exposed were effected nor the variable tissue Al concentration seen with similar dialysis exposure. Subsequently, Al has been associated with additional toxicities6 in human populations and animal species without exposure to contaminated dialysate and even without previous dialysis. These exposures have been largely oral. Similarly, universal oral exposure led to only sporadic cases. Thus, factors that could interact with both oral and intravenous aluminum such as PTH have claimed increasing interest. Indeed, the evidence linking PTH, AI, and calcium metabolism is convincing. These data argue by analogy, by clinical observation , and by direct animal experiments. The involvement of PTH in metal metabolism is well established. Both cadmium and lead toxicity are influenced by PTH. 78 Toxic manifestations of
The musculature of squid arms and tentacles: Ultrastructural evidence for functional differences.

The transverse muscle mass of the arm and the transverse and circular muscle masses of the tentacle of squid (Loligo pealei and Illex illecebrosus) were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Previous work had indicated that although similar in gross arrangement, the transverse muscle mass of the tentacle creates rapid elongation during prey capture while the transverse muscle mass of the arm is involved in creating bending movements. The difference in function between the transverse muscle masses of the arms and tentacles is reflected in differences in ultrastructure. The transverse muscle mass of the arm is made up of regular, obliquely striated muscle fibers 1-6 μm in diameter. The transverse and associated circular muscle masses of the tentacle are made up of cross-striated muscle fibers 1-3 μm in diameter. The cross-striated muscle fibers have A bands approximately 0.5 μm (I. illecebrosus) and 0.9 μm (L. pealei) in length and a resting sarcomere length of 0.9 μm (I. illecebrosus) and 1.6 μm (L. pealei), suggesting a relatively high shortening speed for this muscle type. The cross-striated cells are not divided up into myofibrils, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum is located beneath the sarcolemma. Vernier displacements of the sarcomeres were observed. The myofilaments of the obliquely striated muscle fibers of the arm surround a central core containing mitochondria and the cell nucleus. The sarcoplasmic reticulum of the obliquely striated cells is located beneath the sarcolemma, in the plane of the Z elements, and surrounding the mitochondrial core.
Dynamic Regulation Design Without Payments: The Importance of Timing *

Abstract We consider a two period model of optimal regulation of a firm subject to marginal compliance cost shocks. The regulator faces an asymmetric information problem: the firm knows current compliance costs, but the regulator does not. Both the regulator and the firm are uncertain about future costs. In our basic framework, the regulator may not offer payments to the firm; we show that the regulator can vary the strength of regulation over time to induce the firm to reveal its costs and increase welfare. In the optimal mechanism, the regulator offers stronger (weaker) regulation in the first period and weaker (stronger) regulation in the second period if the firm reports low (high) compliance costs in the first period. Low cost firms expect compliance costs to rise in the future, and thus prefer weaker regulation in the second period. High cost firms expect costs to fall in the future and thus prefer regulation which becomes stricter over time. Thus the regulator offers the low (high) cost firms slightly weaker (stronger) regulation in the second period in exchange for much stronger (weaker) regulation in the first period, thereby “timing” the regulation. If the regulator can make payments, then the optimal mechanism to some degree times the regulation as long as a positive marginal cost of funds exists. If the marginal cost of funds is high enough, then under the optimal mechanism the regulator will not use payments and use our timing mechanism exclusively.
The use of magnetic resonance imaging for measuring segment inertial properties

The purpose of the study was to determine whether valid measures of segment inertial properties can be generated from a series of cross-sectional tissue scans using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The cross-sectional images for eight baboon cadaver segments (four forearms, two upper arms, and two lower legs) were digitized to yield areas of muscle, bone, and fat tissues. These data, along with tissue density values, were used for calculations of segment volume (V), density (D), mass (M), center of mass location (CM), and moment of inertia (Icm) about a transverse axis through the segment center of mass. Criterion measures of these properties were obtained using standard experimental techniques. Close agreement was found between criterion and MRI values for mean segment CM (44.67 vs. 43.36% from proximal end, respectively) while mean segment D was the same (1.124 g.cm-3) for both methods. MRI procedures tended to overestimate segment V(595.3 vs. 633.4 cm3), M(720.0 vs. 769.9 g), and Icm (3.208 vs. 3.332 x 10(-3) kg.m2). It was concluded that MRI represents a promising technique for generating valid measures of segment inertial characteristics as well as other anatomical features.
HaSTE: Hadoop YARN Scheduling Based on Task-Dependency and Resource-Demand

The MapReduce framework has become the de facto scheme for scalable semi-structured and un-structured data processing in recent years. The Hadoop ecosystem has evolved into its second generation, Hadoop YARN, which adopts finegrained resource management schemes for job scheduling. One of the primary performance concerns in YARN is how to minimize the total completion length, i.e., makespan, of a set of MapReduce jobs. However, the precedence constraint or fairness constraint in current widely used scheduling policies in YARN, such as FIFO and Fair, can both lead to inefficient resource allocation in the Hadoop YARN cluster. They also omit the dependency between tasks which is crucial for the efficiency of resource utilization. We thus propose a new YARN scheduler, named HaSTE, which can effectively reduce the makespan of MapReduce jobs in YARN by leveraging the information of requested resources, resource capacities, and dependency between tasks. We implemented HaSTE as a pluggable scheduler in the most recent version of Hadoop YARN, and evaluated it with classic MapReduce benchmarks. The experimental results demonstrate that our YARN scheduler effectively reduces the makespans and improves resource utilization compare to the current scheduling policies.
The relation of sex-associated facial profile reversal and stages of human palatal closure.

This report is concerned primarily with the chronological relations among stages of palatal closure, changes in facial profile, and the sex of a select group of human embryos representing the critical period of palate development. Histological serial sections of 40 human embryos ranging in age from 6 to 9 weeks and free from gross defects were studied using light microscopy and graphic reconstructions. Maxillary prognathism usually occurred concomitantly with vertically oriented palatal shelves. As the shelves progressively assumed a horizontal position prior to palatal closure, a profile reversal occurred, i.e., the lower jaw became prognathic. Both profile reversal and reorientation of the palatal shelves occurred earlier in males (seventh week) than females (eighth week). These patterns suggest a sexual dimorphism in which the palatal shelves in females are apart and vertical for a relatively longer time than in males. Also, the concordance between palatal-shelf elevation and mandibular prognathism suggests that the forward repositioning of the lower jaw may contribute to the removal of the tongue from between the palatal shelves.
Cooper's ligament urethrovesical suspension for stress incontinence. Nine years' experience--results, complications, technique.

Abstract Cooper's ligament urethrovesical suspension for stress incontinence was first used in 1958. The series now comprises 143 cases. personally selected, operated upon, and followed. The length of the follow-up has varied between rather wide limits; 56 per cent of cases were seen after the tenth month following the operation. 42 per cent of cases after the twentieth month, and 12 1/2 per cent after the sixtieth month. Six cases, 4.2 per cent, were complete failrues and 4 cases, 2.8 per cent, were partial failures in regard to stress incontinenet. The most challenging complication was enterocele, occurring in 7.6 per cent of cases. Seven, 4.8 per cent, of the patients developing enterocele have been satisfactorily reoperated upon, while 4, 2.8 per cent, remain asymptomatic and have not, so far, required operation. As experience has accumulated, refinements in technique and steps to eliminate complications have been developed.
Perceptions of Social Support by Suicide Survivors and Their Social Networks.

Current research tentatively suggests that families bereaved by suicide may receive and experience low levels of support. It is not clear, given the available data, whether there is a difference in...