cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Silicon isotopic variation in enstatite meteorites: Clues to their origin and Earth-forming material

Of the primitive meteorite groups, the enstatite chondrites are among the most chemically dissimilar to terrestrial, which should preclude them as major components of the proto-Earth. However, for many isotope systems (most notably oxygen), enstatite chondrites show very little variation away from terrestrial, hinting at a common origin. One isotope system which appears to differ from this trend is silicon, but no satisfactory explanation has been proposed as to why these meteorites should be significantly lighter than both the silicate Earth and other primitive meteorite groups. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the Si isotope composition of enstatite chondrites and their differentiated counterparts, the aubrites, and confirms that these meteorites are, with respect to Si isotopes, the lightest macroscale solar system objects so far analysed. Crucially, the results show that EH chondrites are significantly lighter (δ30Si=−0.77±0.08‰) than EL chondrites (δ30Si=−0.59±0.09‰) and aubrites (δ30Si=−0.60±0.11‰). Silicon isotope analyses of the metal-free components of EH and EL reveal that these are identical, within error, to each other and with carbonaceous/ordinary chondrite bulk measurements (viz., δ30Si ∼−0.47), which is taken as evidence that Si isotope variation in the nebular gas is not the cause of the light Si isotope enrichment in enstatite chondrites. From this, one can infer that silicates condensing from the solar nebula over a wide range of compositions and, presumably, heliocentric distances have very similar Si isotope compositions. A statistically significant negative correlation between bulk δ30Si and Si content in enstatite chondrite kamacite indicates that the presence of isotopically light Si in the metal phase (as the result of formation under reducing conditions) is the principal cause of the bulk enrichment in lighter Si isotopes. Based on the Si isotope offset between enstatite meteorites and the silicate Earth, the extant enstatite meteorites cannot represent a significant proportion of the material that accreted to form the proto-Earth, as unfeasibly large amounts of Si would have to enter the core to satisfy mass balance equations. However, we posit that material enriched in refractory lithophile elements which condensed in the same region as E-chondrites, could still be an important component.
Analog Bloom Filter: Efficient simultaneous query for wireless networks

In this paper, we study the problem of supporting simultaneous query in wireless networks, where multiple nodes activate Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers to announce the control information. Such simultaneous query can allow the Access Point (AP) to gather node state information in a single query and greatly improve the performance of wireless networks. We leverage the fact that the number of nodes that need to respond to the query is typically much smaller than the total number of associated nodes, such that nodes may be assigned with overlapping resources to reduce the query time. We propose a solution similar to the Bloom filer, called the Analog Bloom Filter (ABF), because it handles continuous analog signals. We propose an algorithm based on the idea of belief propagation which detects the binary states of the nodes according to the signal powers. We also propose to support multi-bit queries with error correction codes and a novel signaling scheme. We evaluate the proposed algorithms with simulations and the results show that they achieve similar or better performances than the existing query schemes while consuming much less resources.
Donor PAI-1 expression inhibits the intimal response of early allograft vascular disease.

Abstract Background: The development of allograft vascular disease (AVD) may be related to altered expression of the fibrinolytic system. We determined the extent to which plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) expression in donor tissue influences intimal proliferation (IP) in a mouse model of AVD. Methods: We utilized an end-to-end abdominal aortic transplant model in mice to investigate the development of IP in 3 groups of 6 recipients. Group A (negative control) utilized C57BL/6J strain mice as both donors and recipients. In Groups B (positive control) and C, C57BL/6J mice were vessel donors and CBA/J mice were recipients. Both groups received intraperitoneal anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies (250 μg/week for 5 weeks). Group C recipients, however, were transplanted with vessels from C57BL/6J PAI-1 knockout mice. Animals were killed at 50 days. Transplanted aortas were removed and intimal areas calculated using morphometric analysis. Results: Group A (mean intimal area 6,421 ± 8,507 μm 2 ) demonstrated very little IP in comparison to the other groups. IP was significantly higher in Group B (mean intimal area 56,357 ± 35,629 μm 2 ) than Group A ( p = 0.008). Group C (mean intimal area 281,995 ± 123,279 μm 2 ) demonstrated significantly more intimal proliferation than either Groups A or B (vs B, p = 0.003; vs A, p Conclusions: Lack of PAI-1 expression in donor tissue greatly exaggerates the extent of IP after allogeneic transplantation and suggests that PAI-1 is important in limiting the early phase of AVD.
Cyberbullying through the new media: Findings from an international network by Smith, P. K., and Steffgen, G.

This is an interesting edited book based on the findings of an international community of European and Australian researchers. The book is divided into sections that address the research collaborat...
Targeted Minimum Loss Based Estimator that Outperforms a given Estimator

Targeted minimum loss based estimation (TMLE) provides a template for the construction of semiparametric locally efficient double robust substitution estimators of the target parameter of the data generating distribution in a semiparametric censored data or causal inference model (van der Laan and Rubin (2006), van der Laan (2008), van der Laan and Rose (2011)). In this article we demonstrate how to construct a TMLE that also satisfies the property that it is at least as efficient as a user supplied asymptotically linear estimator. In particular it is shown that this type of TMLE can incorporate empirical efficiency maximization as in Rubin and van der Laan (2008), Tan (2008, 2010), Rotnitzky et al. (2012), and retain double robustness. For the sake of illustration we focus on estimation of the additive average causal effect of a point treatment on an outcome, adjusting for baseline covariates.
Lack of axial rotation in mobile-bearing knee designs.

It has often been assumed rotational kinematics are improved with mobile-bearing TKA designs as the terms mobile-bearing and rotating platform imply. We tested this assumption by assessing the in vivo axial rotation magnitudes and patterns of 527 knees implanted with 12 different mobile-bearing TKA designs. Implants were grouped and compared by type—posterior stabilized (PS), posterior cruciate retaining (PCR), and posterior cruciate sacrificing (PCS)—and by specific design. We hypothesized all three mobile-bearing types (PS, PCR, and PCS) would achieve greater than 10° average axial rotation and we would find no differences in axial rotation between types. Only 14% of PS knees, 3% of PCS knees, and 17% of PCR knees attained greater than 10° axial rotation when measured from 0° to 90°. The percentage of PCS knees with greater than 10° axial rotation was less compared with the other two groups. Axial rotation averaged 4.3°, 2.5°, and 3.8° for the PS, PCS, and PCR knees, respectively. Incidences of reverse rotation were observed in 17% of PS knees, 32% of PCS knees, and 28% of PCR knees. Compared with the PCS group, the PS group achieved greater average axial rotation and had a lower percentage of knees displaying incidences of reverse rotation. The data refuted the hypotheses.
Effect of Salt on Structure-Function Relationships of Cheese

Our objective was to determine the effect of salt on structural and functional properties of cheese. Unsalted Muenster cheese was obtained on 1 d, vacuum packaged, and stored for 10 d at 4 degrees C. The cheese was then cut into blocks that were vacuum packaged. After 4 d of storage at 4 degrees C, cheese blocks were high-pressure injected one, three, or five times, with a 20% (wt/wt) sodium chloride solution. Successive injections were performed 24 h apart. After 40 d of storage at 4 degrees C, cheese blocks were analyzed for chemical, structural, and functional attributes. Injecting sodium chloride increased the salt content of cheese, from 0.1% in the control, uninjected cheese to 2.7% after five injections. At the highest levels, salt injection promoted syneresis, and, after five injections, the moisture content of cheese decreased from 41 to 38%. However, the increased salt content caused a net weight gain. Cheese pH, soluble nitrogen, and total and soluble calcium content were unaffected. Cheese injected five times had a 4% increased area of cheese occupied by protein matrix compared with uninjected cheese. Hardness, adhesiveness, and initial rate of cheese flow increased, and cohesiveness decreased upon salt injection. However, the final extent of cheese flow, or melting was unaffected. We concluded that adding salt to cheese alters protein interactions, such that the protein matrix becomes more hydrated and expands. However, increasing the salt content of cheese did not cause an exchange of calcium with sodium. Therefore, calcium-mediated protein interactions remain a major factor controlling cheese functionality.
Interannual and interdecadal variability of ocean temperature along the equatorial Pacific in conjunction with ENSO

In this paper, the leading modes of ocean temperature anomalies (OTA) along the equatorial Pacific Ocean are analyzed and their connection with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and interdecadal variation is investigated. The first two leading modes of OTA are connected with the different phases of the canonical ENSO and display asymmetric features of ENSO evolution. The third leading mode depicts a tripole pattern with opposite variation of OTA above the thermocline in the central Pacific to that along the thermocline in the eastern and western Pacific. This mode is found to be associated with so-called ENSO-Modoki. Insignificant correlations of this mode with the first two leading modes suggest that ENSO-Modoki may be a mode that is independent to the canonical ENSO and also has longer time scales compared with the canonical ENSO. The fourth mode reflects a warming (cooling) tendency above (below) the thermocline since 2000. Both the first and second modes have a large contribution to the interdecadal change in thermocline during 1979–2012. Also, the analysis also documents that both ENSO and OTA shifted into higher frequency since 2000 compared with that during 1979–1999. Interestingly, the ENSO-Modoki related OTA mode does not have any trend or significant interdecadal shift during 1979–2012. In addition, it is shown that first four EOF modes seem robust before and after 1999/2000, suggesting that the interdecadal shift of the climate system in the tropical Pacific is mainly a frequency shift and the changes in spatial pattern are relatively small, although the mean states over two periods experienced some significant changes.
Rubber Plasticity Control. Significance and Value of Recovery Measurement of Williams Plastometer

Abstract The experiments described in this paper were undertaken in an effort to discover under what conditions the recovery measurement has practical value in plasticity control testing. No conditions were found where the recovery measurement yielded any important practical information which could not be gained by measurement of y value alone. It must be borne in mind that no experiments of this nature can be considered as perfectly general. Certain cases, not specifically included in the experimental conditions employed, may exist where measurement of recovery has definite practical value. Furthermore, great caution should be exercised in applying these results to any types of compression plastometers other than the standard Williams instrument with which the tests were made.
Bone morphogenetic proteins in development

The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute a large family of cytokines related to members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Recent evidence, in particular from gene targeting experiments in the mouse, indicates that BMPs are required for mesoderm formation and for the development and patterning of many different organ systems. Significant progress has also been made in understanding the role of BMPs in gastrulation and neurulation in Xenopus and in identifying genes regulating BMP expression and components of the downstream signaling pathways. Extracellular modifiers of BMP activity may constitute an opposing morphogenetic system.
An improved method for nanogold in situ hybridization visualized with environmental scanning electron microscopy.

This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Journal of Microscopy 236 (2009): 5-10, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03207.x.
The bcsA Gene Influences Multiple Aspects of Development in Myxococcus xanthus

M. xanthus strains containing a mutation in the bcsA gene are able to bypass the B and C signaling requirements for development. The bcsA mutant was examined with regards to several aspects of development to better ascertain the function of the bcsA gene. The bcsA mutant developed on nutrient levels sufficient to support vegetative growth in wild-type cells, supporting previous evidence that the bcsA gene inhibits development. The earliest effect of the bcsA mutation on the development program was when cells were beginning to aggregate together to form fruiting bodies. Spores produced by bcsA mutants were hypersusceptible to sodium dodecyl sulfate, suggesting that the bcsA gene is important for optimal spore production. Transcription of the bcsA gene was induced significantly during development at a time when cells were beginning to aggregate together. Collectively, these results indicate that the bcsA gene inhibits development and is also transcriptionally upregulated during development.
Characterization of N-linked glycans by supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Abstract N-Linked glycans have been characterized by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and SFC-MS using positive- and negative-ion chemical ionization. Four common oligosaccharide derivatives have been prepared and their chromatographic properties assessed on three SFC columns of varying polarity. Carbon dioxide has been used as the SFC mobile phase, with ammonia or CO 2 added to the ion source for positive-and negative-ion chemical ionization, respectively. Direct SFC-MS interfacing allows the analytical manipulations of single-ion monitoring, total-ion plots, background subtraction, library searches, and spectral reconstruction algorithms. Positive ammonia chemical ionization yields abundant molecular-weight information, (MH) + , and (MNH 4 ) + with little or no fragmentation. To capitalize on sensitivity, samples were prepared with the pentafluorobenzyl aminobenzoate reagent, acetylated, and analyzed by SFC-NICI-MS. This modification improves column efficiency and resolution and greatly enhances detecting sensitivity. These “soft” ionization conditions provide abundant molecular-weight-related anions for collision-induced dissociation and subpicogram detection.
Kinematics of Tertiary structures in upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata on Midterhuken, west Spitsbergen

A belt of folded and faulted Carboniferous-Cretaceous platform cover strata lies parallel to and inland of much of Spitsbergen9s west coast. Uplifted older basement rocks along the coast have been thrust eastward into and over these younger platform cover strata. This deformation occurred in early Tertiary time and was related to dextral movement of the Barents Shelf past northeastern Greenland during the opening of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. On Midterhuken, a peninsula in Bellsund, an uplifted, tilted, and faulted sequence of the cover strata forms a 3.3-km-thick, 12-km-wide margin on the eastern side of the basement crustal welt. A series of closely spaced detachment horizons within Triassic strata occurs at the boundary between a lower unit of mainly sandstones and an upper unit of mainly thin-bedded shales and siltstones. The lower unit is tilted 60°–70° to the northeast but unfolded, whereas the upper unit is tightly and disharmonically folded. Hanging-wall–down movements on these and other detachment surfaces are indicated by offset of a dike and by fold-and-fault patterns. These foreland-dipping faults might be southwest-dipping thrusts later rotated, but more likely these faults and associated folds represent detachment structures formed close to their present position in response to the uplift and tilting of these strata.
Computer Presentational Features for Young Children's Preferential Selection and Recall of Information

Preschool children's preferential selection and recall of words presented in a computer microworld was assessed as a function of action and sound. Forty preschoolers, equally distributed by sex, were randomly assigned to one of four versions of a microworld. Within each version, twenty-four sprite objects were randomly assigned properties of action and sound. The design was counterbalanced so that across the four versions, each sprite assumed all possible factorial combinations of action and sound. As expected, children preferentially selected and later recalled more words presented with action than words presented without action. Although children selected sounds, sounds interfered with children's recall of linguistic information. Results support an action superiority hypothesis and an auditory interference hypothesis. The practical application is to use action as an integral component of educational computer software designed for young children.
Terrestrial Ecosystems in the Past 100 Million Years

Terrestrial ecosystems are the large-scale associations of the biological communities living on land. Although the last 100 million years represent only a small fraction (perhaps 2%) of the earth's history, revolutionary changes in terrestrial life occurred during this period. Keywords: cretaceous; tertiary; quaternary; mesozoic; cenozoic; dinosaurs; mammals; continental drift; fossils
Global stability of the endemic equilibrium of multigroup SIR models with nonlinear incidence

In this paper, we introduce a basic reproduction number for a multigroup epidemic model with nonlinear incidence. Then, we establish that global dynamics are completely determined by the basic reproduction number R"0. It shows that, the basic reproduction number R"0 is a global threshold parameter in the sense that if it is less than or equal to one, the disease free equilibrium is globally stable and the disease dies out; whereas if it is larger than one, there is a unique endemic equilibrium which is globally stable and thus the disease persists in the population. Finally, a numerical example is also included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed result.
Massively parallel X-ray scattering simulations

Although present X-ray scattering techniques can provide tremendous information on the nano-structural properties of materials that are valuable in the design and fabrication of energy-relevant nano-devices, a primary challenge remains in the analyses of such data. In this paper we describe a high-performance, flexible, and scalable Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering simulation algorithm and codes that we have developed on multi-core/CPU and many-core/GPU clusters. We discuss in detail our implementation, optimization and performance on these platforms. Our results show speedups of ~125x on a Fermi-GPU and ~20x on a Cray-XE6 24-core node, compared to a sequential CPU code, with near linear scaling on multi-node clusters. To our knowledge, this is the first GISAXS simulation code that is flexible to compute scattered light intensities in all spatial directions allowing full reconstruction of GISAXS patterns for any complex structures and with high-resolutions while reducing simulation times from months to minutes.
An empirical analysis of similarity in virtual machine images

To efficiently design deduplication, caching and other management mechanisms for virtual machine (VM) images in Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds, it is essential to understand the level and pattern of similarity among VM images in real world IaaS environments. This paper empirically analyzes the similarity within and between 525 VM images from a production IaaS cloud. Besides presenting the overall level of content similarity, we have also discovered interesting insights on multiple factors affecting the similarity pattern, including the image creation time and the location in the image's address space. Moreover, we found that similarities between pairs of images exhibit high variance, and an image is very likely to be more similar to a small subset of images than all other images in the repository. Groups of data chunks often appear in the same image. These image and chunk "clusters" can help predict future data accesses, and therefore provide important hints to cache placement, eviction, and prefetching.
Cytokine expression in the brain during the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

The pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is poorly understood but may be related to specific effects of the immune system. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 may have toxic effects on CNS cells and have been postulated to contribute to the pathogenesis of the neurological complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To characterize viral and immunological activity in the CNS, frozen specimens taken at autopsy from the cerebral cortex and white matter of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative individuals were stained immunocytochemically for mononuclear cells, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, HIV, astrocytes, and the cytokines interleukin-1 and -6, tumor necrosis factor-α and -β, and interferon γ. Levels of soluble CD4, CD8, and interleukin-2 receptor, as well as interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, β2-microglobulin, neopterin, and interleukin-6 and -1 β were assayed in the cerbrospinal fluid and plasma of many of these individuals during life. The HIV-seropositive group included individuals without neurological disease, those with CNS oppotunistic infections, and those with HIV encephalopathy. Perivascular cells, consisting primarily of macrophages with some CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and rare B cells, were consistently MHC class II positive. MHC class II antigen was also present, on microglial cells, which were frequently positive for tumor necrosis factor-α. HIV p24 antigen, when present, was found on macrophages and microglia. Endothelial cells were frequently positive for interleukin-1 and interferon γ and less frequently for tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6. There were gliosis and significant increases in MHC class II antigen, interleukin-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative brains. Cerebrospinal fluid from most of the patients tested had increased levels of tumor necrosis factor, β2-microglobulin, and neopterin. There was no correlationin HIV-positive individuals between levels of cytokines and the presence or absence of CNS disease. These data indicate that there is a relative state of “immune activation” in the brains of HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative individuals, and suggest a potential role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of HIV encephalopathy.
Aspirin use and cardiovascular events in social networks

We tested whether friends’ and family members’ cardiovascular health events and also their own aspirin use are associated with the likelihood that an individual takes aspirin regularly. Analyses were based on longitudinal data on 2724 members of the Framingham Heart Study (based in Massachusetts, U.S.A.) who were linked to friends and family members who were also participants in the same study. Men were more likely to take aspirin if a male friend had recently been taking aspirin, and women were more likely to take aspirin if a brother had recently been taking aspirin. Men were also more likely to take aspirin if a brother recently had a cardiovascular event, and women were more likely to take aspirin if a female friend recently experienced a cardiovascular event. Aspirin use is correlated with the health and behavior of friends and family. These findings add to a growing body of evidence which suggests that behavioral changes that promote cardiovascular health may spread through social networks.
Vagus nerve stimulation as a method to temporarily slow or arrest the heart

Background. Electrical stimulation of nerves is used to study nervous system and body function relationships. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve was used to slow the heart during coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods. A 48-year-old man with multivessel coronary artery disease, scheduled for revascularization, gave informed consent for the surgeon to stimulate his vagus nerve. As part of the operation the left internal mammary artery was harvested as a pedicle and the patient was placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. The vagus nerve was isolated as it crossed the aorta just lateral to the phrenic nerve. Pacing wires were placed (1 cm apart) allowing prodromic conduction. With the patient fully supported by cardiopulmonary bypass and after administration of neostigmine (2.5 mg intravenously) eight separate continuous 5-second electrical pulse trains (25 Hz, 20 V, pulse width of 0.1 ms) were delivered to the nerve with 30-second rest periods between each stimulation. During the periods of stimulation the mammary artery to left anterior descending artery anastomosis was completed. Results. Electrical stimulation caused cessation of the heartbeat, termination of the same resulted in normal sinus rhythm, although it was slowed by the neostigmine. Suturing of the anastomosis was done during periods of stimulation. Additional anastomoses were completed using cardiopulmonary bypass-delivered cardioplegia and aortic cross-clamping. Conclusions. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve slowed and temporarily arrested the heart for brief periods to allow critical placement of anastomotic sutures.
Discrimination of Seagrass Species and Cover Classes with in situ Hyperspectral Data

ABSTRACT Pu, R.; Bell, S.; Baggett, L.; Meyer, C., and Zhao, Y., 2012. Discrimination of seagrass species and cover classes with in situ hyperspectral data. Seagrass habitats support a variety of ecosystem functions and an increasing interest has emerged for utilizing remote sensing to acquire information on the spatial extent and abundance of seagrass vegetation. Here we report on hyperspectral data collected from a combined laboratory and field-based study to examine the spectral qualities of seagrass species and evaluate whether seagrass species and levels of seagrass cover could be distinguished using true in situ hyperspectral data collected by a spectrometer overlying sea-grass-dominated vegetation in a shallow water setting in the central west coast of Florida. We also analyzed hyperspectral data measured in the lab to compare with those from in situ collections. Using a set of 97 field measurements we compared spectra qualities for different seagrass species, levels of seagrass cover, water depths...
Development of single solution buffer layers on textured Ni substrate for HTS coated conductors

Much effort has recently been made to develop chemical methods for the manufacturing of coated conductors because of their scalability, low cost and high deposition rate. In this research, epitaxial buffer layers of Gd/sub 2/Zr/sub 2/O/sub 7/ (GZO) have been grown on Ni substrates using a newly developed metal organic decomposition (MOD) approach. The solution prepared from metal-organic precursors was deposited on Ni substrates using the dip coating technique and then was annealed at a high temperature. Texture analysis shows full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) values for out-of-plane and in-plane alignments as 6.5/spl deg/ and 8.1/spl deg/, respectively. Pole figure studies indicate a single cube-on-cube texture while SEM micrographs reveal a dense, continuous, and crack-free buffer layer. MOCVD was used to grow 1 /spl mu/m YBCO film on this GZO buffered Ni substrate. A critical current, J/sub c/, of about 1.3 MA/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K and self-field was obtained on YBCO (MOCVD)/GZO(MOD)/Ni. These results give promise to using a single buffer layer for scalable coated conductors.
Parametric modeling of a microaccelerometer: comparing I- and D-optimal design of experiments for finite-element analysis

Parametric modeling of a microaccelerometer is used to compare two optimization criteria in the design of experiments for finite-element analysis (FEA). I- and D-optimality criteria are used to specify a near-minimal set of 38 input points in multidimensional input space at which FEA is performed. The accelerometer is comprised of a rigid proof mass and four suspension beams. Its response is determined as a function of acceleration along the input and cross axes, temperature, and two structural variables, and the related performance compromises are identified. It is shown that both I- and D-optimality criteria provide good results, with displacement residuals spread over ranges of magnitude 1.6 and 2.3 /spl mu/m, respectively, in a large input domain over which the range of displacement has a magnitude exceeding 13 /spl mu/m. Additionally, the results suggest that for the particular device that was considered, the temperature coefficients of offset and sensitivity have smaller magnitudes when the suspension beams are attached near the center of each side of the proof mass.
Controlling competitive anger among male soccer players

Abstract This study examined the effectiveness of anger awareness training (i.e., self-monitoring) and role-playing (i.e., modeling and behavioral rehearsal) in reducing participants’ angry behavior and angry feelings. Male participants (N = 57) from intact soccer teams were randomly assigned to a role-playing, an anger awareness, or a control group. Pretreatment anger scores indicated that all three groups exhibited similar anger dispositions before the study began. Following pretreatment assessment, angry behavior and self-reported anger were observed and measured during a 15-game round-robin soccer season. Analyses revealed that although angry feelings remained consistent across the duration of the study, the role-playing group was more effective than both the anger awareness and control groups in controlling angry behavior. Findings indicate that although the use of anger awareness and role-playing interventions can reduce angry behavior, the role-playing intervention was a more effective method.
SEX SEGREGATION IN VOLUNTEER WORK

Sex segregation in the workplace—the tendency for men and women to work in different occupations and jobs—remains widespread. Domestic chores are also sex-typed, but the extent to which sex segrega...
All together now: Integrating biofilm research across disciplines

Bacterial biofilms are integrated, multi-species communities of cells that adhere to almost any surface and are fundamental to the ecology and biology of bacteria. Not only do biofilms contribute to human health and disease, they also play important roles in the context of energy and the environment. The formation of biofilms requires interactions between bacteria and the surfaces they colonize, and both microbe and surface can impact the structure, function, and composition of these communities. Bacteria in biofilms exhibit surprisingly sophisticated social behavior, both cooperative and competitive, made possible by their cell biology. However, they are also hierarchically organized systems governed by complex physical and chemical interactions. Because of this, the study of bacterial biofilms has recently attracted the attention of materials scientists, physicists, chemists, and nanotechnology experts who import not only new tools, but also new concepts and perspectives. This issue reviews recent progress in multidisciplinary studies of biofilms.
A Hierarchical Approach to Advertising Strategy

This paper introduces a new communication model to the marketing literature: Hunter, Levine, and Sayers' (1976) Hierarchical theory of communication and attitude change. We first compare the hierarchical model with the well known multiattribute attitude model, popularized by Fishbein (1967). We then discuss managerial implications.
Implementing Computer-Based Psychotherapy Among Veterans in Outpatient Treatment for Substance Use Disorders

Objective:Computer-based psychotherapy interventions (CBPIs) are increasingly offered as first-level access to evidence-based mental health treatment. However, their implementation has not been evaluated in public-sector outpatient settings.Methods:An evidence-based CBPI for insomnia was implemented with provider and patient education sessions, on-site Internet access, and clinician telephone support. Persons receiving care at a Veterans Health Administration substance abuse treatment clinic were screened for chronic insomnia and offered CBPI access. The feasibility of this strategy was evaluated in a pre-post design, which assessed engagement and completion rates, participant-reported acceptability, and clinical outcomes.Results:Of 100 veterans referred, 51 enrolled in the program, of whom 22 (43%) completed all sessions, 13 (26%) partially completed the program, and 16 (31%) did not engage. There were no statistically significant differences between these three groups in baseline characteristics. In the...
Humane Education in an Early Childhood Science Education Curriculum

This chapter explores the alignment of science education for young children and the principles of humane education. This connection is illustrated through descriptions of inquiry-based projects focusing on various animals and classroom accounts of the early science curriculum. In addition, it reviews the literature on young learners’ enhanced dispositions toward science and development of empathy as they investigate the natural world through the study of animals and learn to become guardians of the earth.
In vitro abrogation of acquired tamoxifen resistance using histone deacetylase inhibitors

10607 Tamoxifen (TAM) is a highly effective therapy for breast cancer. However, only 60% of estrogen receptor expressing (ER+) breast cancers respond to TAM (40% de-novo resistance). Continuous TAM...
Geometric Limits of Julia Sets of Maps z n + exp(2πiθ) as n → ∞

We show that the geometric limit as n → ∞ of the Julia sets J(Pn,c) for the maps Pn,c(z) = zn + c does not exist for almost every c on the unit circle. Furthermore, we show that there is always a subsequence along which the limit does exist and equals the unit circle.
The Agony of Homer: What is the Shield of Achilles to Us?

Political theorists often view agonism as a desirable way to think of democratic politics. However, a close reading of ancient texts reveals the tragic quality of most agones. This paper offers a close reading of Homer’s Shield of Achilles in the Iliad. Unlike many accounts of the shield, this reading sees the agones it portrays as essentially tragic. Homer’s description of the shield has attracted much scholarly attention. The imagery on Achilles’ shield does not center around dread and horror as is typical of the shields of heroes. However, while the shield contains scenes of well-ordered city, domestic, and pastoral life unusual for a warrior bent on revenge, the shield cannot be seen as exuding peace, harmony, and stability, as many scholars claim. The Shield of Achilles is a microcosm of multiple sites of contestation that touch upon all of human life. The scenes of rural and city life speak to the broader context in which aggressive and violent agonism is a central part of the human condition. The shield shows strife-filled agones not as dangerous threats to be eliminated if a harmonious society is to be created, but as essential components of what it is to be human. The images of peace and harmony become fragile, tenuous, and temporary when seen next to hatred, strife, and violence. The shield depicts a world that accepts conflict and discord. The implication of this reading is that scholars of agonism need to be more attentive to its actual meanings in Greek writings.
Conclusions of the Conference

Twenty-eight papers dealing with the historical, preclinical, and clinical aspects of cannabinoid therapeutics were delivered at the Asilomar Conference. This figure, representative of the more advanced studies, is revealing. It means that despite the difficulties involved in research with cannabis, its therapeutic potential is actually being investigated. A number of additional studies are underway, and their results are not yet available. It would seem that no governmental policy exists, as some believe, to suppress investigations into the possible beneficial effects of cannabis. There is, however, a formidable bureaucracy in place with which one must contend.
Participial Ecology in Swift's DESCRIPTION OF A CITY SHOWER and Dryden's Translation of Virgil's GEORGICS

Jonathan Swift's “Description of a City Shower” (1710) is known to be indebted to John Dryden's translation of Virgil's Georgics (1697) (Dwight Leonard Durling 36–37, 40; Maurice O. Johnson 84–89; ...
Elevated plasma chromogranin-A concentrations in prostatic carcinoma

AbstractChromogranin-A is considered a sensitive immunohistochemical tissue marker in neuroendocrine prostatic carcinoma. We report that the plasma chromogranin-A level was elevated in 48% of 25 patients with stage D2 prostate cancer, and suggest that this marker can be used to monitor the clinical course of these patients.
Silicone technology for the plastic surgeon.

Medical grade silicone is a unique material whose properties are peculiarly different than one might intuitively expect. An appreciation of certain basic properties is essential to understanding and clinically utilizing this material.
Mass and charge density effects on the saturation kinetics of polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonate

In this article, the saturation kinetics model that describes chronoamperometric response of PPy(DBS) in our recently published work is extended to study the effect of mass and charge density on the step response of PPy(DBS). The saturation kinetics model is based on a mechanistic approach for charge storage in conducting polymers and leads to the development of structure-dependent input-output relationships to develop a cation concentration sensor. In this article, we demonstrate the use of poles and residues in the saturation kinetics model to deconstruct the chronoamperometric and chronocoulometric response by seperating the contributions from double layer charge accumulation and faradaic ion transport. We show that: (i) the number of redox sites, and therefore the number of ingressing ions at saturation, is directly proportional to the mass of the conducting polymer, (ii) the accessibility of these redox sites associated with ion ingress is inversely proportional to the conducting polymer charge densi...
Stress reduction methods within the Far Back End of Line (FBEOL) for fine pitch and 2.5D/3D packaging configurations

Fine pitch interconnects combined with 2.5D/3D packaging technology offers enormous potential towards decreasing signal latency and by making it possible to package increased electrical functionality within a given area. However, fine pitch interconnects present their own set of challenges not seen in packages with coarse pitch interconnects. Increased stresses within the Far Back End of Line (FBEOL) and Back End of Line (BEOL) layers within the chip are the primary concerns. Several 2D and 2.5D test vehicles with fine pitch and coarse pitch interconnects were built and tested for mechanical integrity by subjecting them to accelerated thermal cycling between −55°C and 125°C. Finite-element based mechanical modeling was done to determine the stress level within the FBEOL layers of these test vehicles. For all the tested assemblies, experimental data and modeling results showed a strong correlation between reduced pitch and increased level of stresses and increased incidence of failures within the FBEOL region. These failures were observed exclusively at the passivation layer and aluminum pad inter face. Experimental data in conjunction with mechanical modeling was used to determine a safe level of stress at the aluminum interface. Global and local design changes were explored to determine their effect on the stresses at this interface. Several guidelines have been provided to reduce these stresses for a 2.5D/3D package assembly with fine pitch interconnects. Finally, an optimized configuration has been proposed that is expected to be robust with very low chance of failure within the FBEOL region.
Detection of brucellosis through active surveillance, Armenia, 2014

Objective In the spring of 2014, people from vulnerable households in all marzes of Armenia were examined with the aim of active surveillance. Introduction Brucellosis is a serious disease caused by bacteria of the Brucella genus. It principally affects ruminants but may be transmitted to humans. Registration of cases in cattle farms causes considerable economic losses and creates favorable conditions for mass infection among humans. In Armenia the expansion of animal industries and urbanization are the main reasons for occurrence and development of brucellosis. Methods Blood was sampled from people on farms reported as having infected animals. Blood samples were tested by the Wright- Huddleston method. The standard case definition of brucellosis was used for diagnosis. A questionnaire-based interview was carried out among the population to identify the form of contact with animals and to analyze epidemiological links. During the investigation provisions were followed in governmental decree RA 19.01.2006 N480-N and brucellosis prevention, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, preventive measures. Results A total of 11160 people from 1054 households were enrolled in the study, of which 3625 (32.5%) underwent a laboratory examination. Nearly 6% (641) refused to be tested. Over 6% of those tested (226) were positive for antibodies to Brucellae. Of these, 129 (3.5%) had chronic brucellosis. Those testing positive for brucellosis were treated appropriately. These included 203 (90%) adults and 23 (10%) below 14 years old; 147 (65%) were male and 79 (35%) were female. Of those diagnosed with brucellosis, working in animal husbandry accounted for 46.6% (106), while those who harvested milk accounted for 37.6% (85) and those using raw milk made up 15.4% (35). Conclusions Cases were most frequently reported among people 20-55 years of age; the highest percentage of positives were among 41-45 year old males who had contact with infected animals. The main risk factor for acquiring brucellosis is animal husbandry.
Hearing Preservation: Does Electrode Choice Matter?

ObjectiveEvaluate if electrode design affects hearing preservation (HP) following cochlear implantation (CI) with full-length electrodes.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary re...
Function-On-Function regression for two-dimensional functional data

ABSTRACTWe present methods for modeling and estimation of a concurrent functional regression when the predictors and responses are two-dimensional functional datasets. The implementations use spline basis functions and model fitting is based on smoothing penalties and mixed model estimation. The proposed methods are implemented in available statistical software, allow the construction of confidence intervals for the bivariate model parameters, and can be applied to completely or sparsely sampled responses. Methods are tested to data in simulations and they show favorable results in practice. The usefulness of the methods is illustrated in an application to environmental data.
Processing of the English verb particle construction in adults with aphasia

Background: Verb particles (VPs) are grammatical constructions, consisting of a main verb and a particle (“go out”). Particles are idiomatic, stored as whole units in the lexicon. Jackendoff (2002)...
927 Quality improvement practice facilitation to increase depression screening and behavioural health management in a paediatric practice in ohio’s appalachia

Background Depression affects 12% to 20% of adolescents and up to 30% of Appalachian residents. Given its frequency, routine adolescent depression screening and management is recommended by the American Academy of Paediatrics. However, routine depression screening is limited. Quality improvement (QI) practice facilitators (PF) can help clinicians standardise care, remove unwanted variation and improve outcomes. A QI PF model may improve depression screening and management. Objectives Increase use of a validated depression screening tool from 0% to 30%, and create a management plan for those diagnosed with depression from 43% to 85% by 6/30/2016 and sustain through 12/31/2016. Methods QI PFs from Partners For Kids, an affiliate of Nationwide Children’s Hospital, supported a practice in Ohio’s Appalachia region to initiate a depression screening and management project with 6 months follow-up. PFs used the IHI Model for Improvement and led recurring, on-site meetings. Interventions included training from a NCH developmental and behavioural paediatrician, new workflows and implementing a change package — establishing referral sources, process to manage emergencies and effective management plan checklist. PFs performed regular audits of the project. Results Screening for depression increased from 0% to 42% within 3 months with initial QI interventions and increased to 80% with subsequent interventions. Documentation of evidence-based management of depression increased from 43% to 85%. Depression diagnosis increased from 21 children in 2015 to 34 in 2016, a 62% increase. Conclusions Implementing behavioural health recommendations using PF led to increased screening, diagnosis and management of depression at an Appalachian primary care practice.
Enrichment of Cryptosporidium parvum from in vitro culture as measured by total RNA and subsequent sequence analysis

Abstract Cryptosporidium parvum is an apicomplexan parasite that infects a wide range of hosts including humans. Due to the parasite’s quasi-intracellular, intermembrane location on the host cell, it is difficult to purify parasites from in vitro and in vivo infections for molecular studies. We have developed a method to greatly enrich in vitro C. parvum merozoites from host cells. The efficiency of the protocol was assessed with C. parvum (KSU-1 isolate) parasites of different developmental stages isolated following a synchronized infection of HCT-8 host cells. Total RNA was extracted from the samples and used to evaluate the quantity of host cell contamination in enriched parasite fractions. The quality of the RNA was verified using an Agilent BioAnalyzer. cDNA libraries of RNA isolated from 24 and 48 h C. parvum in vitro preparations isolated via this protocol were sequenced at the Broad Institute via an NIH Microbial Sequencing (GSCID) Contract. Cryptosporidium sequences comprised 30% of the cDNA reads, demonstrating significant enrichment.