cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Integrated Behavioral Health Care in a Large Medical Center: Benefits, Challenges, and Recommendations

Integrated behavioral health care (IBHC) models in primary care are positioned to address the unmet needs of traditional behavioral health models. However, research support is limited to specific populations, settings, and behavioral health conditions. Empirical evidence is lacking for expansion to larger health systems and diverse behavioral health conditions. This study examines perspectives on IBHC implementation in a large medical center. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 health providers and administrators in two primary care clinics with IBHC. Thematic analysis demonstrated that participants had an overall favorable perception of IBHC, but also perceived implementation challenges, including difficulties with access, underutilization, team dynamics, and financial and interdepartmental issues. The findings suggest that IBHC implementation barriers in existing large health systems risk diminishing potential benefits and successful adoption. These barriers can be combated by incorporating systems change strategies into implementation frameworks, with a focus on barrier prevention and detection and long-term sustainability.
Diabetes Mellitus and Marital Status: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study on the Effect of Marital Dissolution and the Death of a Spouse

Purpose This study evaluates the full impact of marital status on diabetes mellitus by stratifying the analysis by gender, including socioeconomic covariates and, unlike most studies, extending marital status by separating out previously conflated status categories. Methods Release 5 of the National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS) was used for the data. Logistic regression was applied to the data from 1990 to 2011. The effective sample size consists of 1,384,507 individuals age 18 and above recruited into the study (via the Current Population Surveys), 3,955 of whom had died of diabetes mellitus by 2011. Results For minority men and non-Hispanic white men, divorced/separated status was significantly related to diabetes mortality, respectively (OR=1.318, CI=1.010, 1.719; and OR=1.283, CI=1.054, 1.562). For minority women and non-Hispanic white women, widowed status was related to diabetes mortality, respectively (OR=1.349, CI=1.107, 1.643; and OR=1.262, CI=1.113, 1.431). Conclusion Contrary to recent epidemiological studies in which divorced/separated and widowed status were combined into one covariate, this United States study finds that divorced/separated men and widowed women are at increased risk for diabetes mellitus mortality, and that among these populations at risk, minorities are at higher risk than whites. The study highlights the importance of marital status and gender differences in the risk of death from diabetes.
Ab-initio investigation of the effect of adsorbed salts on segregation of Cr at the Ni (100) surface

Abstract The dissolution and depletion of chromium (Cr) in salt facing nickel (Ni) alloy surfaces is one of the predominant degradation mechanisms of structural components in molten salt technology. In this work, we use density functional theory to investigate the role of electronic level interactions that may underlie the depletion phenomenon of Cr in a Ni 100 surface exposed to various adsorbed salt species. Our results show that, under vacuum, Ni preferentially segregates to the surface layer. Conversely, in the presence of adsorbed anionic salt species (e.g., chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F) or the impurity oxygen (O)) Cr segregation becomes more favorable. In these cases, Cl has the weakest effect on segregation, while O has the strongest effect. Our analysis reveals the strong correlation between Cr segregation and the amount of valence charge transferred between the Cr atom and surface adsorbate: the greater the charge transfer, the lower the segregation energy. We also show that, when considered, secondary cations screen Cr-anion interactions, which in turn reduce the magnitude of the anions effect on segregation. These results shed light on the role of salt impurities likely play in the overall corrosion phenomena in molten salt environments. This work provides insights into the atomic level interactions fundamental to molten salt corrosion and on the importance of maintaining salt purity.
Type 2 dendritic cells mediate control of cytotoxic T cell resistant tumors

Type-2 dendritic cells (DC2s) comprise the majority of conventional DCs within most tumors; however, little is known about their ability to initiate and sustain anti-tumor immunity as most studies have focused on antigen cross-presenting Type-1 DCs (DC1s). Here we report that DC2 infiltration identified by analysis of multiple human cancer data sets showed a significant correlation with survival across multiple human cancers, with the benefit being seen in tumors resistant to cytotoxic T cell control. Characterization of DC subtype infiltration into an immunotherapy-resistant model of breast cancer revealed that impairment of DC1s through two unique models resulted in enhanced DC2 functionality and improved tumor control. Batf3-deficiency depleted intratumoral DC1s led to increased DC2 lymph node migration and CD4+ T cell activation. Enhancing DC2 stimulatory potential by genetic deletion of Hsp90b1 (encoding molecular chaperon GP96) led to a similar enhancement of T cell immunity and improved survival in a spontaneous breast cancer model. This data highlights the therapeutic and prognostic potential of DC2s within checkpoint blockade-resistant tumors.
Carcinogenesis Risk Assessment of Two-Carbon Alkylating Agents Using Dynamic Simulation of Absorption and Metabolism

This paper describes a methodology used to incorporate specific mechanism-related information into carcinogenesis risk assessment. We are developing a coordinated series of pharmacokinetic models to aid in quantitative risk assessments of inhalation exposure to two-carbon alkylating agents. We have applied our system to perchloroethylene and ethylene oxide. Human, rat, and mouse multi-compartment pharmacokinetic models were developed on the Apple Macintosh using the STELLA modeling system. The interactive and easy to use STELLA provides a powerful tool in the study of dynamic behavior and underlying feedback mechanisms of a structure. The models allow the systematic exploration of the causal relationships between external ambient exposure and steps in the pathway to carcinogenesis, including tissue absorption and metabolism. Simulations run on the models were used to study the relative hazards of high and low doses under acute and chronic exposure conditions. In addition, the models were used to assess the sensitivity of risk of carcinogenesis to changes in physiological variables and different levels of activity.
Inverting Tolerance Bounds for Confidence on a Specified Proportion of a Population Meeting a Specification

The authors consider methods to obtain the confidence that a specified proportion of the population meets a specification.
Managing Semantic Heterogeneity with Production Rules and Persistent Queues

We show that production rules and persistent queues together provide a convenient mechanism for maintaining consistency in semantically heterogeneous multidatabase environments. We describe a specification language and methods for automatically deriving production rules that maintain (1) existence dependencies, in which the presence of data in one database implies the presence of related data in another, and (2) value dependencies, in which the value of data in one database is based on the value of related data in another. The production rules derived from dependency specifications use persistent queues to monitor and maintain the dependencies automatically, asynchronously, incrementally, and correctly.
Membrane-bound and free polysomes in Dictyostelium discoideum: I. Isolation and developmental effects on size and distribution☆

Abstract Using a simple one-step procedure undegraded membrane-bound polysomes relatively uncontaminated with free polysomes were purified from the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum. In axenically grown vegetative cells 17–18% of the total ribosomes are associated with membranes. This value drops slightly during the aggregation stage of development, increases to vegetative levels in pseudoplasmodia, and again drops slightly during fruiting body construction. Within 15 min after development is initiated by the removal of nutrients, both the total and membrane-bound polysomes decrease in size from an average of 9–11 ribosomes per mRNA to an average of 7 or 8 ribosomes per mRNA. The percentage of total ribosomes found as monosomes increases from 10 to 55%. Both total and membrane-bound polysomes remain at this reduced size throughout development.
Psychiatric Autoimmunity: N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor IgG and Beyond.

Background Descriptions of psychiatric autoimmunity beyond N -methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis are sparse. Objective To report the autoimmune psychiatric spectrum currently recognized in Mayo Clinic practice. Methods Medical record review, testing of stored serum and cerebrospinal fluid for IgGs reactive with synaptic receptors and ion channels, neuronal nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens (including glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-kDa isoform) and case-control comparison were conducted. Patients were categorized into group 1, all adult psychiatric inpatients tested for neural autoantibodies (2002–2011; n = 213), and group 2, all Mayo NMDA receptor IgG–positive patients (2009–2013; n = 13); healthy control subjects were also included ( n = 173). Results In group 1, at least 1 serum autoantibody (but not NMDA receptor IgG) was detected in 36 of 213 psychiatric inpatients. In total, 12 patients were determined retrospectively to have high-likelihood autoimmune encephalitic diagnoses. The most commonly detected autoantibody specificities were voltage-gated potassium channel ([Kv1] VGKC) complex (6) and calcium channel (P/Q type or N type; 5). Symptoms seen were as follows: depressive (8), anxious (7), psychotic (7), disorganized (5), suicidal (3), manic (1) and catatonic (1). In group 2, among 13 NMDA receptor IgG–positive patients, 12 had encephalitis; their psychiatric symptoms were as follows: depressive (9), catatonic (9), disorganized (8), anxious (8), psychotic (7), manic (6), and suicidal (3). Catatonic symptoms were more common in the 12 NMDA receptor IgG–positive patients than in the 12 group 1 patients with high likelihood of encephalitis ( p = 0.002). Antibody positivities were usually low positive in value among healthy controls (12 of 16 vs 3 of 12 group 1 encephalitis cases, p = 0.025). NMDA receptor IgG was not detected in any healthy control subject. Conclusions A spectrum of psychiatric autoimmunity beyond NMDA-R IgG may be under-recognized. Diagnosis is facilitated by combining results of comprehensive psychiatric, laboratory, radiologic, and electrophysiologic evaluations.
Two-form field scattering off three-brane black holes

Abstract We calculate the absorption cross section on a black threebrane of two-form perturbations polarized along the brane. The equations are coupled and we decouple them for s-wave perturbations. The Hawking rate is suppressed at low energies, and this is shown to be reflected in the gauge theory by a coupling to a higher dimension operator.
Strange Harvest: Organ Transplants, Denatured Bodies, and the Transformed Self

Strange Harvest: Organ Transplants, Denatured Bodies, and the Transformed Self. Lesley Alexandra Sharp. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006, xiv. 307 pp.
Fabrication of palladium nanowire array electrode for biofuel cell application

Bioelectrocatalysis was demonstrated with palladium (Pd) nanowire array electrode via nonenzymatic and enzymatic methods for glucose, which was validated by the generation of anodic current in the presence of glucose. The vertically standing Pd nanowires used for the fabrication of the electrodes were on average 5.6µm in length and 64nm in diameter. In comparison, the nonenzymatic bioanode exhibited lower current densities and required the application of larger overpotential which resulted in a large cell voltage drop (Voc=13.5mV) and limited power production when assembled as a biofuel cell under physiological conditions (pH7, 0.1M phosphate buffer saline) with laccase covalently bounded to Pd nanowires as the biocathode. The glucose/O2 biofuel cell was studied in phosphate buffer saline using the enzymatic bioanode that was developed with the co-immobilization of catalase and glucose oxidase on Pd nanowires and the laccase-Pd as the biocathode. The biofuel cell exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 0.506V, delivered a maximum power density of 72µWcm-2 at a cell voltage of 0.25V and a short-circuit current density of 411µAcm-2 when operating in 10mM glucose. Such low-cost lightweight glucose/O2 biofuel cells have a great promise to be optimized, miniaturized to power bio-implantable devices. Display Omitted Bioelectrocatalysis demonstrated with Pd bioanode for glucoseBare Pd bioanode exhibited lower current densities and larger overpotential.GOx-Pd glucose exhibited efficient direct electron transfer and Voc of 506mV.Isc of 411µAcm-2 and a maximum power of 72.2µWcm-2 at a cell voltage of 0.25V was obtained.These characteristics are comparable to other glucose/O2 biofuel cell recently reported.
Tom Paine's America: The Rise and Fall of Transatlantic Radicalism in the Early Republic – By Seth Cotlar

In this beautifully written history of ideas from the bottom up, the author demonstrates how Tom Paine inspired a brief, but profound, golden age of revolutionary democratic thought in the Federali...
The Arizona home language survey: The under-identification of students for English language services

Assuring that English learners (ELs) receive the support services to which they are entitled requires accurately identifying students who are limited in their English proficiency. As a first step in the identification process, students’ parents fill out a home language survey. If the survey indicates a language other than English is spoken in the home, students are then assessed for English language proficiency. The home language survey thus plays an important gatekeeping role. In July, 2009, the Arizona Department of Education reduced the number of questions on the state’s home language survey from three to one. This article addresses whether this reduction in questions can lead to under-identification of students who, by the state’s own criterion (i.e., performance on the Arizona English Language Learner Assessment, or AZELLA), are entitled to EL services. Analyses of data from two Arizona school districts clearly show that use of a single home language survey question will under-identify substantial numbers of English learners. Further, it is highly unlikely that a fail-safe mechanism established by the state, whereby teachers can nominate potential ELs for language testing, will successfully identify more than a small number of students missed by the single question survey.
Statistical strength of experiments to reject local realism with photon pairs and inefficient detectors

Because of the fundamental importance of Bell's theorem, a loophole-free demonstration of a violation of local realism (LR) is highly desirable. Here, we study violations of LR involving photon pairs. We quantify the experimental evidence against LR by using measures of statistical strength related to the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, as suggested by van Dam et al. [W. van Dam, R. Gill and P. Grunwald, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory. 51, 2812 (2005)]. Specifically, we analyze a test of LR with entangled states created from two independent polarized photons passing through a polarizing beam splitter. We numerically study the detection efficiency required to achieve a specified statistical strength for the rejection of LR depending on whether photon counters or detectors are used. Based on our results, we find that a test of LR free of the detection loophole requires photon counters with efficiencies of at least 89.71%, or photon detectors with efficiencies of at least 91.11%. For comparison, we also perform this analysis with ideal unbalanced Bell states, which are known to allow rejection of LR with detector efficiencies above 2/3.
Cooperative and anticooperative binding to a ribozyme

Abstract The effects of guanosine 5'-monophosphate and 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate on the thermodynamics and kinetics of pyrene-labeled 5' exon mimic (pyCUCU) binding to the catalytic RNA (ribozyme) from Tetrahymena thermophila have been determined by fluorescence titration and kinetics experiments at 15 degrees C. pyCUCU binding to L-21 Sca I-truncated ribozyme is weaker by a factor of 5 in the presence of saturating guanosine 5'-monophosphate, whereas it is 4-fold stronger in the presence of saturating 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate. Results from kinetics experiments suggest that anticooperative effects in the presence of guanosine 5'-monophosphate arise primarily from slower formation of tertiary contacts between the catalytic core of the ribozyme and the P1 duplex formed by pyCUCU and GGAGGG of the ribozyme. Conversely, cooperative effects in the presence of 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate arise primarily from slower disruption of tertiary contacts between the catalytic core of the ribozyme and the P1 duplex. Additional experiments suggest that these cooperative and anticooperative effects are not a function of the pyrene label, are not caused by a salt effect, and are not specific to one renaturation procedure for the ribozyme.
Uroboric Incest in Whitman's "The Sleepers"

Uses Jung and Erich Neuman to interpret "The Sleepers," proposing that "an understanding of the state of uroboric incest" demonstrates "the unity of 'The Sleepers,' its faithfulness to an indentifiable psychological state, and its use of particularly telling images."
Comparison for pyrrole and pyrazole of orbital energies and population analyses from ab-initio SCF, CNDO/2, INDO, extended hückel, and ARCANA calculations

The results of our recent ab-initio SCF calculations on pyrrole and pyrazole using large Gaussian basis sets are compared to those using less rigorous methods: CNDO/2, INDO, PCILO extended Huckel, and ARCANA (a type of iterative extended Huckel calculation). The ab-initio orbital energies are higher in energy than all those resulting from less rigorous methods. For the two highest occupied orbitals, both of π type, (pyrrole— 1a2 and 2b1; pyrazole—3a″ and 2a″) there was excellent agreement between the measured photoelectron spectroscopic ionization potentials and the Koopman's theorem values from the ab-initio results. Thus the orbital energies calculated by the less rigorous methods all lie too low in energy. The CNDO/2 and INDO orbital energies also span too large a width for the valence band compared to the ab-initio results. The gross atomic populations from the CNDO/2, INDO and PCILO methods show discrepancies from the ab-initio results for both the heteroatoms and the hydrogens. Total overlap populations calculated from the ab-initio SCF wave functions show large negative overlap populations between nonbonded ring atoms. Using the off-diagonal density matrix elements from CNDO/2 and INDO wave functions as if they were true off-diagonal elements from non-ZDO calculations, scaling them (shown previously to lead to reasonable values for TOPS between bonded atoms) led to TOPS between nonbonded ring atoms that were essentially zero. Wiberg bond indices, by definition only capable of giving positive numbers, also cannot reproduce these negative overlap populations. The extended Huckel and ARCANA methods, which are non-ZDO methods, both gave negative tops between nonbonded ring atoms, although not as large as those which resulted from ab-initio calculations.
Thermoregulatory development in the belted kingfisher

1. 1. At 1 wk after hatching, nestling belted kingfishers (Megaceryle alcyon) remain naked and are incapable of regulating body temperature (TB) when exposed to low ambient temperatures (TA) in the laboratory. 2. 2. The ability to maintain constant TB at low TA improved with increased growth and feather development, and physiological endothermy was established at 16 days after hatching. 3. 3. In the nest, naked nestlings established effective homeothermy at 6 days after hatching, although adults had ceased brooding. 4. 4. In addition to increased growth and feather development, the timing of physiological endothermy in hole-nesting birds may be affected by a longer nestling period than open nesting species. However, the timing of effective homeothermy appears to be influenced by a combination of adaptations that contribute to optimal reproductive success.
Changes in multiunit spike activity in the rat preoptic area induced by stimulating the midbrain

Abstract Differential effects of electrochemical stimulation of the midbrain raphe and dorsal tegmentum on multiple unit activity in the medial preoptic area were observed in proestrous female rats. Stimulation of the median raphe nucleus induced a marked increase in activity (spikes per minute). This increase was not found in unstimulated sham-treated rats or after a control lesion at the same site. Dorsal tegmental stimulation had the opposite effect, i.e., a marked tendency to decreased activity after stimulation, an effect not reproduced by a control lesion of similar size without iron deposition. It is suggested that the changes observed may be related to the effects on luteinizing hormone release and ovulation induced by the same stimulation parameters.
Measuring consumer involvement in products: Developing a general scale

This article reports initial work in developing an improved consumer involvement measure that can be applied across a number of product categories. The intent was to develop a short, easy-to-use scale that practitioners could use in a variety of consumer research settings, especially field designs. Factor analysis was used to reduce a list of 22 items to a final list of 6 items. The preliminary evidence on reliability and validity is encouraging, and suggestions are made for further testing of this new scale.
Incremental method of pulse width modulation for three-phase inverters

Abstract A novel pulse-width modulation technique for three-phase voltage-controlled inverters is presented. Description of a microprocessor-based modulator capable of completing in real-time all the computations required for adjustable frequency, magnitude and phase control of the inverter output voltage is provided. Experimental results are given.
Bor‐Stickstoff‐Verbindungen, XXVIII. Reaktionen von Aminoboranen mit Schwefel‐Verbindungen

Die Umsetzung von Aminoboranen mit Dithioglykolen ergibt Amin-Addukte des Typs 4 von 1.3-Dithia-2-bora-cycloalkanen (z. B. von 1). Ebenso entstehen bei der Reaktion von Amino-boranen mit o-Amino-thiophenol heterocyclische Verbindungen, z. B. 5 und 6 Hepta-schwefelimid und S4(NH)4 reagieren dagegen nicht mit Aminoboranen.
Harm is not enough

A recent series of important articles (Dworkin 2002, 2003; Silver 2003; Varelius 2007) looks at whether physicians who participate in executions act immorally because they go against the proper end...
Autoradiographic studies on the distribution of tritium labeled de decamethonium in the chicken CNS.

Die Verteilung von mit Tritium markiertem Decamethonium im Zentralnervensystem von Kucken wurde untersucht. Zellen des Arachnoid- und Choroidplexus enthielten grosse Mengen Radioaktivitat.
A new short proof of a theorem of Ahlswede and Khachatrian

Ahlswede and Khachatrian [R. Ahlswede, L.H. Khachatrian, The complete nontrivial-intersection theorem for systems of finite sets, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 76 (1996) 121-138] proved the following theorem, which answered a question of Frankl and Furedi [P. Frankl, Z. Furedi, Nontrivial intersecting families, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 41 (1986) 150-153]. Let 2==(t+1)(k-t+1). Suppose that F is a family of k-subsets of an n-set, every two of which have at least t common elements. If |@?"F"@?"FF|
Ignition delay measurements in two-phase detonations

Abstract The ignition time delay between the leading shock front and the onset of OH emission from a two-phase detonations of decane-oxygen has been measured. A thin layer of decane was placed on the walls of a 2.22 cm id tube 3-m long which was filled with oxygen or nitrogen-oxygen mixtures to 1/2, 1, or 2 atm. Self-sustaining propagation velocities from 0.9 to 1.9 km/sec were obtained depending on the nitrogen dilution. The ignition delay varied from 250 μsec to 35 μsec — the higher the velocity, the lower the ignition delay, and the higher the initial pressure, the lower the ignition delay. An Arrhenius-type correlation fits the data well and yields a pseudo-activation energy of 4.32 kcal/g mole for 1 atm initial pressure and 5.65 kcal/g mole for 1/2 atm. No evidence of major perturbations due to secondary or transverse waves within the ignition zone was observed.
Bounds on sample space size for matrix product verification

Abstract We show that the size of any sample space that could be used in Freivalds' probabilistic matrix product verification algorithm for n × n matrices is at least ( n − 1)/ e if the probability of error is at most e , matching the upper bound of Kimbrel and Sinha. We also provide a characterization of any sample space for which Freivalds' algorithm has probability of error at most e . We then provide a generalization of Freivalds' algorithm and give a tight lower bound on the time-randomness tradeoff for this class of algorithms.
Customizing Next-Generation Multidisciplinary Product Realization Frameworks

Technological advancements have made the product realization process assume multi-disciplinary proportions. The information models associated with a product have grown richer not only in content but also in semantics and though derived from diverse sources, they are interdependent and need to interact. This paper envisions customizing Product Realization Frameworks (PRFs) as a synergistic aggregation of rich information models that cater to product development. It proposes a semantic model to organize product realization information and then develops a “Three-Tier Architecture” to enable the customization of Product Realization Frameworks for individual business needs of engineering enterprises. A prototype PRF for an “Optimized printed wiring board (PWB) stack-up design” problem has been implemented using the concepts proposed. The paper points towards the inherent flexibility of the proposed architecture to cater to varied extensions of the stack-up design problem.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Doxepin and amitriptyline-perphenazine in mixed anxious-depressed neurotic outpatients: a collaborative controlled study.

Doxepin was compared to the combination of amitriptyline-perphenazine in a double-blind controlled study conducted with 100 clinic, general practice, and private psychiatric practice outpatients diagnosed as suffering from a mixed anxiety-depressive reaction. The relatively few statistically significant differences found in the study indicated amitriptyline-perphenazine to be more effective than doxepin (main drug effects), general practice patients to improve the most and private psychiatric patients the least (main population effects), and clinic patients to respond better to doxepin, while general practice and private psychiatric patients improved most with the drug combination (drug×population interaction effects).
Combinatorial data analysis: Confirmatory comparisons between sets of matrices

The task of assessing the similarity of pattern between the entries of two square matrices has been discussed extensively over the last decade, as a unifying strategy for approaching a variety of seemingly disparate statistical problems. As typically defined, the comparison depends on a measure of matrix correspondence, usually a normalized cross-product measure of some form, that is evaluated for relative size by the use of a reference distribution constructed through an equally likely permutation hypothesis defined at the level of the objects corresponding to the rows and columns of the two matrices. The extreme generality provided by this very simple framework subsumes a variety of different statistical problems, ranging from the study of spatial autocorrelation for variables observed over a set of geographic locations, to the topics of analysis of variance, the measurement of rank correlation, and confirmation techniques concerned with various conjectures of combinatorial structure that might be posited for an empirically determined measure of relationship between pairs of a given set of objects. The comparison strategies extant always assume that both matrices are fixed, and in those cases where one of the matrices codifies a given theoretical structure to be evaluated according to a second, this assumption can lead to substantial arbitrariness in how matrix similarity might be indexed, and thus, in how the comparison is implemented. As developed in this paper, exactly the same principles appropriate for use in the fixed comparison context can be extended to include matrices constructed through optimally weighted linear combinations of other sets of matrices. This generalization provides one mechanism for developing comparison strategies that allow assessment against very broad classes of matrices, which in turn serve to represent very general conjectures of possible combinatorial structure. This paper reviews some of these extensions in detail, with a particular emphasis on categorical and ordered categorical variables and whether they may reflect an empirically generated measure of object relationship.
Lower bounds for the life span of solutions of nonlinear wave equations in higher dimensions

when m > 0. Writing (1) as a quasilinear symmetric hyperbolic system, it is known that a classical solution exists locally in time. provided that f, g are “small” and sufficiently smooth. The time interval [O. T] for which this classical solution exists depends on the size of the initial data. More precisely, if f = .@,, and g = &go where fO, go are fixed, the largest time T = T(E) for which the classical solution of (1) is assured by the Local Existence Theorem is of order l/~. For the one dimensional genuine nonliner wave equation. i.e. m = 0, n = 1 in (1) and cy= 1 in (2). Lax [l] has shown that this estimate is sharp. In this case when the genuine nonlinearity condition is violated. i.e. LY> 1, Klainerman and Majda [2] have shown that T(E) = 0( l/.?) and that this estimate is also sharp for E sufficiently small. In contrast to the one dimensional case, John has shown that in higher dimensions the existence time of classical solutions can be significantly improved. In fact, he proved for the case m = 0, (Y = 1, that T(E) = 0( l/s) for n = 4,5 [3] and recently T(E) = U( l/8) for
Long-term results of nonoperative treatment of isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries in the athlete:

The long-term results of 25 patients treated nonoperatively with isolated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries were evaluated. Mean followup was 6.2 years (range, 2.2 to 16 years). All patients were evaluated both subjectively (questionnaire) and objectively (clinical examination, x-ray films, Cybex II dynamometer, and KT-1000 Knee Arthrometer). At followup, 80% of the patients were satisfied with their knees and 84% had returned to their previous sport (68% at the same level of performance, 16% at a decreased level of performance). Mean torque Cybex II quadriceps values for three velocities of testing (45, 90, and 180 deg/sec) in patients fully returned to sport and satisfied with their knees was greater than 100% of uninvolved quadricep; conversely, those not satisfied with their knees all had values less than 100% of uninvolved knee. The amount of knee instability as determined by the KT-1000 Arthrometer was not related to the patient's return to sport nor to knee satisfaction. We concluded that the majority of athletes with isolated PCL injuries who maintain strength in musculature return to sports without functional disability.
Can leakage at the vesico-urethral anastomosis be predicted after radical retropubic prostatectomy?

OBJECTIVES To determine if low-risk patients can be identified in whom cystography is unnecessary to assess the integrity of the vesico-urethral anastomosis after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP), and thus who can have early catheter removal. PATIENTS AND METHODS In all, 275 RRPs by one surgeon were analysed retrospectively; the surgical technique, blood loss and comorbidity were recorded. Cystograms were taken 8 days after RRP to assess vesico-urethral integrity before catheter removal. RESULTS Of the 275 patients, 75% and 89% had cystography before 8 and 10 days after RRP, respectively; 71% of patients had no leak on cystography and were catheter-free at 8 days. Eighty-four leaks were identified, of which 25 (9.6%) were moderate or large. Previous transurethral prostatectomy, ischaemic heart disease, blood loss, mucosal eversion and preservation of the prostatic urethra were significant risk factors for developing a leak and were used to create a nomogram to assess the relative risk of leakage. However, none of the variables assessed, either alone or combined, could be used to predict which leaks were clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS Leakage cannot be reliably predicted at the vesico-urethral anastomosis. Cystograms are necessary to identify clinically significant leaks at 8 days and should be taken if early catheter removal is being considered.
Nigral 5-HT and substance P-induced enhancement of passive avoidance retention

Peripheral, posttraining injection of substance P (SP) has been shown to facilitate the retention of aversive and appetitive learning tasks, suggesting that SP may play a role in information processing. In addition, SP may modulate the release of nigrostriatal monoamines, which have also been linked with avoidance learning. This paper examines the interaction between SP and nigrostriatal monoamines by observing the behavioral effects of neurochemical lesions on SP-induced avoidance retention, and by measuring changes in nigrostriatal monoamine activity and receptor regulation following avoidance training and SP injection. In Expt. 1, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions of the substantia nigra, but not the caudate, attenuated the retention-enhancing effects of posttraining SP injection. Further, 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra produced a deficit in avoidance conditioning that was reversed by posttraining SP injection. Expts. 2 and 3 demonstrated that although passive avoidance training and posttraining SP injections did not significantly alter nigral 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) activity, SP increased 5-HT1 receptor density. It was concluded that SP may affect avoidance retention by modulating nigral 5-HT activity.
Stability of psychiatric patients' perceptions of their admission experience

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the stability (i.e., consistency of patients' responses over time) of newly developed scales to measure the admission experience of psychiatric hospitalization. Eighty-four psychiatric patients involuntarily committed to a crisis stabilization unit participated. All participants were admitted under an emergency petition or ex parte order for a psychiatric evaluation. Patients were interviewed soon after admission (M = 3.33 days, SD = 1.86 days). The test–retest interval was 24–48 hours with most (83.3%) re-evaluated at 24 hours. Overall, the measures showed acceptable levels of stability (r's range from 0.62 to 0.72). Factors associated with reliable responses were lower overall psychiatric symptom severity, less severe psychotic symptoms, and mentioning the same person as an influence of perceptions about the admission experience at each assessment point. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 53: 833–839, 1997
Prenatal treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia: risks outweigh benefits

Prenatal treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia by administering dexamethasone to a woman presumed to be carrying an at-risk fetus has been described as safe and effective in several reports. A review of data from animal experimentation and human trials indicates that first-trimester dexamethasone decreases birthweight; affects renal, pancreatic beta cell, and brain development; increases anxiety; and predisposes to adult hypertension and hyperglycemia. In human studies, first-trimester dexamethasone is associated with orofacial clefts, decreased birthweight, poorer verbal working memory, and poorer self-perception of scholastic and social competence. Numerous medical societies have cautioned that prenatal treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with dexamethasone should only be done in prospective clinical research settings with institutional review board approval, and therefore is not appropriate for routine community practice.
New Look on the Specific Factor Model: Empirical Evidence from Manufacturing Industries in Tanzania

This study analyzes the impact of trade on wages in the context of the specific factor model by focusing on the link between trade and the average real wage. A recent paper by Jones & Ruffin (2008) shows how one can use the specific factor model to predict how labor should fare from an improvement in the terms of trade, an increase in the price of exportables relative to importables. For this purpose, I use annual firm-level data on the manufacturing sector in Tanzania during the period 1992 to 1998. I find that a ceteris paribus increase in the price of exportables may benefit labor in the food-beverage industry but hurt labor in the textile-garment, wood-furniture and metal-machinery industries. There are industries where the specific factor model predicts that exporting would help workers, but where the Stolper–Samuelson theorem of the Hecksher–Ohlin model predicts the reverse.
Successful Kidney Transplant Despite Microthrombi From a Deceased Donor With Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia

Many deceased donor factors determine utility of procured organs. In addition to the large dose of intravenous heparin usually given prior to aortic cross-clamp, kidneys are flushed with heparinized solution pre-implantation. In a donor with heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), these exposures may lead to microthrombi, which may be a reason to refuse a kidney offer. We present a case of successful renal transplantation of a highly sensitized patient from a donor with HIT and microthrombi on biopsy. J Curr Surg. 2014;4(1):29-30 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jcs209w
Abstract 66: Pharmacologic tobacco cessation agents and response to radiotherapy.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Purpose: Tobacco use is associated with poor therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients in part due to decreased therapeutic response to conventional cancer treatment such as chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (RT). Tobacco cessation is warranted to improve cancer treatment outcomes, but preclinical data suggest that nicotine may decrease the biologic effectiveness of cancer treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and non-nAChR based tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy agents alter response to radiotherapy. Methods: Human lung cancer (A549, H460) and oropharyngeal cancer (FaDu) cell lines were treated with nicotine, a7-nAChR agonists, varenicline, or bupropion alone or in combination with RT. Mice xenografts were used to assess the effect of nicotine administration during RT. Cell survival and downstream activation of radioprotective pathways (Akt, ERK, mTOR, MMP, and hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha [HIF-1a]) were analyzed. Results: Nicotine administration increased survival in all cell lines. Similarly, administration of the selective a7-nAChR agonists LY 2087101 and PHA 54613 was also found to increase cell survival with RT. Nicotine, LY 2087101, and PHA 54613 were all found to activate p-ERK 1/2, p-AKT (Ser-473), mTOR (S2448), and hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1a) in a dose and time dependent manner. Tumor xenografts receiving nicotine administration during RT showed evidence of increased tumor regrowth in comparison non-nicotine treated controls. Treatment with varenicline also increased cell survival following RT at doses lower than with nicotine treatment; however, treatment with bupropion (an FDA approved non-nAChR based tobacco cessation agent) did not increase cell survival and exhibited a moderate cytotoxic effect following RT at high doses. Dose escalated bupropion did not increase activation of radioprotective pathways. Conclusions: These are the first data to suggest that bupropion may be an ideal FDA approved tobacco cessation agent in cancer patients to prevent potential biologic changes in therapeutic response associated with nAChR based cessation strategies. Citation Format: Samantha L. Sobus, Michelle A. Romano, Janelle Mackowiak, Krista Pundt, Graham W. Warren. Pharmacologic tobacco cessation agents and response to radiotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 66. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-66
Reduced brain edema and infarct volume in aquaporin-4 deficient mice after transient focal cerebral ischemia

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water channel expressed in astrocyte end-feet lining the blood-brain barrier. AQP4 deletion in mice is associated with improved outcomes in global cerebral ischemia produced by transient carotid artery occlusion, and focal cerebral ischemia produced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Here, we investigated the consequences of 1-h transient MCAO produced by intraluminal suture blockade followed by 23 h of reperfusion. In nine AQP4(+/+) and nine AQP4(-/-) mice, infarct volume was significantly reduced by an average of 39 ± 4% at 24h in AQP4(-/-) mice, cerebral hemispheric edema was reduced by 23 ± 3%, and Evans Blue extravasation was reduced by 31 ± 2% (mean ± SEM). Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed greatest reduction in apparent diffusion coefficient around the occlusion site after reperfusion, with remarkably lesser reduction in AQP4(-/-) mice. The reduced infarct volume in AQP4(-/-) mice following transient MCAO supports the potential utility of therapeutic AQP4 inhibition in stroke.
Current and Emerging Strategies for Treating Hepatic Encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is caused by liver impairment and has a multitude of symptoms in affected patients, including change in level of consciousness, intellectual function, and neuromuscular function. Pharmacologic therapy includes use of nonabsorbable disaccharides (lactulose and lactitol), and antibiotics such as neomycin, paromycin, metronidazole, and rifaximin. Probiotics, acarbose, and drugs such as L-carnitine and flumazenil, may also be helpful in treating HE.
Role of H19 3' sequences in controlling H19 and Igf2 imprinting and expression.

Abstract The regulation of H19 and Igf2 imprinting and expression depends on common elements. Using comparative analysis between human and mouse, we identified conserved regions 3′ of the H19 transcription unit, including the H19/Igf2 endodermal enhancers and elements within a 4.2-kb domain between the H19 transcription unit and the enhancers. Transgene experiments implicate these elements in imprinting regulation. To establish whether they are required at the endogenous locus, first we replaced the endodermal enhancers with the α-fetoprotein endodermal enhancers (H19Afp). Second, we deleted the 4.2-kb region (H19Δ4.2). Our analysis revealed that H19 and Igf2 imprinting and tissue-specific expression were maintained for both mutations, except for a slight reduction in paternal Igf2 expression from the H19Afp allele in liver. These results demonstrate that the H19 insulator can interact with heterologous enhancers to imprint Igf2. Furthermore, for H19, chromatin context or additional sequences possibly compensate for loss of conserved 3′ elements.
Improving the detectability of small spectral targets through spatial filtering

In this paper we discuss our approach to winning entries to the RIT blind test competition. The image cube was preprocessed using a spatial filter that changed the sharpness and enhanced and isolated small point like features. This spatially sharpened cube was then processed using the ENVI hour glass algorithm and obtained high probability of detection and a small probability of false alarm for the blind test targets. In a simulation we quantified this result using metrics related to the Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. A hyper-spectral data cube was created and sub-pixel targets were inserted. We found that sharpening the hyper-spectral cube increases the number of correctly identified sub-pixel targets compared to no pre-processing. In particular the simple un-sharp masking filter generates excellent results. We propose that all sub-pixel target detection algorithms could benefit from sharpening of the spectral cube.
Failure and Post-Failure Mechanics of Submarine Landslides

Theoretical contexts for each of the stages associated with underwater landsliding can be postulated with reasonable confidence, although specific constitutive models require additional work. Also still missing is a comprehensive numerical framework for predicting displacement fields from small pre-failure and post-depositional sediment volume changes and distortions to large-scale inertial sediment wasting. A particular promising modeling approach is outlined herein.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Surface cleaning techniques and efficient B-field profiles for lithium ion sources on extraction ion diodes

Summary form only given. Application of ion beams to inertial confinement fusion requires efficient production, transport and focusing of an intense, low microdivergence beam of an appropriate range ion. At Sandia, we are studying the production of lithium ion beams in extraction applied-B ion diodes on the SABRE accelerator (5 MV, 250 kA). Evidence on both SABRE (1 TW) and PBFA-II (20 TW) indicates that the lithium beam turns off and is replaced by a beam of mostly protons and carbon, possibly due to election thermal and stimulated desorption of hydrocarbon surface contamination with subsequent avalanche ionization. Turn-off of the lithium beam is accompanied by rapid impedance collapse. Surface cleaning techniques are being developed to reduce beam contamination, increase the total lithium energy and reduce the rate of diode impedance collapse. Application of surface cleaning techniques has increased the production of lithium from passive LiF sources by a factor of 2. Improved diode electric and magnetic field profiles have increased the diode efficiency and production of lithium by a factor of 5, without surface cleaning. Work is ongoing to combine these two advances. Our principal surface cleaning technique consists of 13.5 MHz RF and RF-assisted discharges for efficient physical and chemical sputtering of surface impurities from both the anode and cathode.
Place Matters: Comparative International Perspectives on Feminist Geography∗

Feminist geography is now widely practiced internationally, but its development is usually reviewed from a temporal rather than a spatial perspective. This article assesses the varying extent and nature of feminist geography across countries, attempting to interpret differences in terms of cultural contexts and disciplinary trends. It is intended to stimulate reflection and does not claim to offer definitive interpretations.