cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differentiation in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell populations with CD34-positive subpopulations

B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia bone marrow specimens that contained subpopulations of cells with immunophenotypes corresponding to early (CD34) and late (CD20) and (CD22) stages of normal B-cell differentiation were studied. Subpopulations of cells were isolated according to immunophenotype and then analyzed by both a clonogenic assay and molecular genetic methods. Clonal equivalence of the early and late immunophenotypic subpopulations was confirmed for each case by the demonstration of identical lg gene rearrangements. The in vitro colony-forming assay consistently showed a growth advantage for the CD34+ subpopulations over the CD34- subpopulations. CD34 mRNA was detected readily in these isolated precursor cells. When two specimens in which virtually all of the leukemia cells were CD34+ and CD34+CD20+ and CD34+CD22+ subpopulations were also present the CD34 mRNA was limited to the cells without the late-stage differentiation antigens on their surface. Furthermore, the c-myb mRNA was found only in the subpopulations that also contained CD34 mRNA. Our results show that a limited program of differentiation reminiscent of normal B-cell development may be present in this leukemia.
Development of an overnight rapid bovine identification test (ORBIT) for field use

An Overnight Rapid Bovine Identification Test (ORBIT) has been developed as a serological screen test for species verification of raw, whole tissue, bovine meat products. The test, an agar-gel immunodiffusion technique, uses stabilized reagent paper discs and prepared agar plates that have a printed template for correct placement of test components. This test is reliable, practical, economical, and easily performed in the field, such as at a meat import inspection station. The only nonbovine species found to react in the test are the bovine-related species of American bison (buffalo) and water buffalo (from Australia); however, these rare-occurring species do not present a problem for the intended application of the test. Stability of all test components, when stored in a refrigerator, is excellent for at least 1 year. The nature and stability of the test make it suitable for commercial development into test kits which should be highly practical and economical for wide availability and application of this procedure to meat inspection programs concerned with species verification.
Abstract 1314: Evaluating payload delivery to the CNS from surface-modified nanoparticles

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a major obstacle to treatment of intracranial tumors. Most drugs are poorly bioavailable in the brain, and peripheral toxicity can severely limit administerable dose. Drug loaded nanoparticles are capable of accumulating preferentially in the core of angiogenic tumors by a mechanisms known as the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, which can improve therapeutic efficacy of encapsulated molecules compared to free form. However, to achieve complete tumor kill, chemotherapy must target both the leaky tumor core and cells that reside behind an intact blood-brain barrier. The goal of this work was to evaluate payload delivery to the CNS from nanoparticles modified with one of four targeting ligands: TAT, antennapedia (AP), angiopep2 (Ang2) or Tet-1. Poly(lactic acid)-co- poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating Nile Red, a small fluorescent dye, were produced by solvent-evaporation technique. Peptides were covalently attached to the nanoparticle surface by a maliemide-thiol reaction. The effect of targeting ligands on NP payload delivery to healthy brain and spinal cord compared to unmodified NPs was evaluated in mice at 2 and 6 hours post injection. Mice were perfused with saline, and the brains and spinal cord were removed, homogenized and payload delivery quantified by fluorescence. All targeting ligands evaluated significantly increased payload delivery to the brain at both 2 and 6 hours, with the cell-penetrating peptides, TAT and AP, producing the greatest effect of a 4-fold increase over control. Additionally, the cell-penetrating peptides significantly increased payload delivery to the spinal cord at 2 hours but had no significant effect on delivery at 6 hours. Interestingly, the receptor-mediated peptides, Ang2 and Tet-1, did not significantly change spinal cord delivery at 2 hours but significantly increased payload concentration at 6 hours. These data suggest both receptor and nonspecific targeting ligands affect payload delivery and kinetics in a regionally specific manner. Future work is focused on evaluating additional ligands to better understand how the type of cell-nanoparticle interactions affects payload distribution. Citation Format: Kyle T. Householder, Danielle DiPerna, Layla Ghaffari, Rachael Sirianni. Evaluating payload delivery to the CNS from surface-modified nanoparticles. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1314.
Residues K465 and G467 within the Cytoplasmic Domain of GP2 Play a Critical Role in the Persistence of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus in Mice

Several arenaviruses, chiefly Lassa virus (LASV), cause hemorrhagic fever disease in humans and pose serious public health concerns in their regions of endemicity. Moreover, mounting evidence indicates that the worldwide-distributed prototypic arenavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), is a neglected human pathogen of clinical significance. We have documented that a recombinant LCMV containing the glycoprotein (GPC) gene of LASV within the backbone of the immunosuppressive clone 13 (Cl-13) variant of the Armstrong strain of LCMV (rCl-13/LASV-GPC) exhibited Cl-13-like growth properties in cultured cells, but in contrast to Cl-13, rCl-13/LASV-GPC was unable to establish persistence in immunocompetent adult mice, which prevented its use for some in vivo experiments. Recently, V459K and K461G mutations within the GP2 cytoplasmic domain (CD) of rCl-13/LASV-GPC were shown to increase rCl-13/LASV-GPC infectivity in mice. Here, we generated rCl-13(GPC/VGKS) by introducing the corresponding revertant mutations K465V and G467K within GP2 of rCl-13 and we show that rCl-13(GPC/VGKS) was unable to persist in mice. K465V and G467K mutations did not affect GPC processing, virus RNA replication, or gene expression. In addition, rCl-13(GPC/VGKS) grew to high titers in cultured cell lines and in immunodeficient mice. Further analysis revealed that rCl-13(GPC/VGKS) infected fewer splenic plasmacytoid dendritic cells than rCl-13, yet the two viruses induced similar type I interferon responses in mice. Our findings have identified novel viral determinants of Cl-13 persistence and also revealed that virus GPC-host interactions yet to be elucidated critically contribute to Cl-13 persistence. Importance The prototypic arenavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), provides investigators with a superb experimental model system to investigate virus-host interactions. The Armstrong strain (ARM) of LCMV causes an acute infection, whereas its derivative, clone 13 (Cl-13), causes a persistent infection. Mutations F260L and K1079Q within GP1 and L polymerase, respectively, have been shown to play critical roles in Cl-13's ability to persist in mice. However, there is an overall lack of knowledge about other viral determinants required for Cl-13's persistence. Here, we report that mutations K465V and G467K within the cytoplasmic domain of Cl-13 GP2 resulted in a virus, rCl-13(GPC/VGKS), that failed to persist in mice despite exhibiting Cl-13 wild-type-like fitness in cultured cells and immunocompromised mice. This finding has uncovered novel viral determinants of viral persistence, and a detailed characterization of rCl-13(GPC/VGKS) can provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying persistent viral infection.
A Sense of Belonging Through the Eyes of First-Year LGBPQ Students

Using grounded theory methods, the authors examined how LGBPQ students developed a sense of belonging during the first year of college. Sense of belonging transformed and deepened over the year and was fostered in three different contexts: university, group, and friendship. It was influenced by sexual identity and outness, university messaging, and meaningful social interactions with groups and authentic friends. The authors offer four theoretical propositions that can be utilized by researchers and practitioners.
Azathioprine response in patients with fibrotic connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease

Background Azathioprine is a commonly prescribed therapy for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). Combination therapy that included azathioprine was recently shown to increase the risk of death and hospitalization in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Whether azathioprine increases the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with fibrotic CTD-ILD, including those with CTD-associated usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), remains unknown.
Optical Fano Resonance in Self-Assembled Magnetic–Plasmonic Nanostructures

We proposed a bottom-up approach for the fabrication of magnetic–plasmonic nanostructures that exhibit tunable plasmon enhanced hots spots and Fano resonance behavior. The nanostructures are formed from the self-assembly of magnetic–plasmonic core–shell nanoparticles. The magnetic core enables magnetophoretic control of particles during assembly, while the plasmonic shell provides interesting and useful optical behavior. We demonstrate proof-of-concept using a combination of Monte Carlo analysis to predict self-assembly and full-wave computational analysis to study the optical properties of the assembled structures. Our analysis demonstrates that viable structures can be assembled using a magnetic template-assisted self-assembly protocol and that flexible tunability of the optical response can be achieved due to the strong sensitivity of nanogap hot spots and Fano resonance features on distinct geometric parameters and the surrounding medium. We demonstrate the self-assembly and Fano resonance response of...
Nanonet force microscopy for measuring forces in single smooth muscle cells of the human aorta

A number of innovative methods exist to measure cell-matrix adhesive forces, but they have yet to accurately describe and quantify the intricate interplay of a cell and its fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM). In cardiovascular pathologies, such as aortic aneurysm, new knowledge on the involvement of cell-matrix forces could lead to elucidation of disease mechanisms. To better understand this dynamics, we measured primary human aortic single smooth muscle cell (SMC) forces using nanonet force microscopy in both inside-out (I-O intrinsic contractility) and outside-in (O-I external perturbation) modes. For SMC populations, we measured the I-O and O-I forces to be 12.9 ± 1.0 and 57.9 ± 2.5 nN, respectively. Exposure of cells to oxidative stress conditions caused a force decrease of 57 and 48% in I-O and O-I modes, respectively, and an increase in migration rate by 2.5-fold. Finally, in O-I mode, we cyclically perturbed cells at constant strain of varying duration to simulate in vivo conditions of the cardiac cycle and found that I-O forces decrease with increasing duration and O-I forces decreased by half at shorter cycle times. Thus our findings highlight the need to study forces exerted and felt by cells simultaneously to comprehensively understand force modulation in cardiovascular disease.
Backscatter particle image velocimetry via optical time-of-flight sectioning

Conventional particle image velocimetry (PIV) configurations require a minimum of two optical access ports, inherently restricting the technique to a limited class of flows. Here, the development and application of a novel method of backscattered time-gated PIV requiring a single-optical-access port is described along with preliminary results. The light backscattered from a seeded flow is imaged over a narrow optical depth selected by an optical Kerr effect (OKE) time gate. The picosecond duration of the OKE time gate essentially replicates the width of the laser sheet of conventional PIV by limiting detected photons to a narrow time-of-flight within the flow. Thus, scattering noise from outside the measurement volume is eliminated. This PIV via the optical time-of-flight sectioning technique can be useful in systems with limited optical access and in flows near walls or other scattering surfaces.
Fault Simulation Applications and Methods

Simulating a faulty model of a circuit is called fault simulation. This process is used by test and design engineers; it is the most used test method, and perhaps is one of the most computationally intensive test applications. This chapter is on fault simulation, and Verilog codes and testbenches are used throughout the chapter for illustrating concepts and showing how fault simulation is used in practice.
The Neoconservative Health Strategy

A new medical conservatism has emerged from the health care politics of the last decade. In both style and content, this movement bears little resemblance to the old politics practiced for so many years by the American Medical Association (AMA). The spokesmen of that earlier era tended to be uniformly strident, uncompromising, and fiercely ideological in their defense of the status quo. By contrast, the proponents of the new conservatism are consistently moderate, conciliatory, and pragmatic. Since most of them are university-based scholars rather than physicians, their writing tends to lack that element of intense and often hysterical self-interest that characterized their predecessors’ style. The content of their proposals reflects this spirit of reasonableness and accommodation to the modern world. For example, they unabashedly proclaim the need for National Health Insurance (NHI) in one form or other; they criticize fee-for-services arrangements in favor of prepaid group practices; and they even chide the medical profession for preaching a flinty capitalism while enjoying the fruits of a cushy monopoly. As sociologist Paul Starr wryly notes, the “socialized medicine” of one era has become the corporate reform of the next.1
Grounding State Representations in Sensory Experience for Reasoning and Planning by Mobile Robots

We are addressing the problem of learning probabilistic models of the interaction between a mobile robot and its environment and using these models for task planning. This requires modifying the state-of-the-art reinforcement learning algorithms to deal with hidden state and high-dimensional observation spaces of continuous variables. Our approach is to identify hidden states by means of the trajectories leading into and out of them, and perform clustering in this embedding trajectory space in order to compile a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) model, which can be used for approximate decision-theoretic planning. The ultimate objective of our work is to develop algorithms that learn POMDP models with discrete hidden states defined (grounded) directly into continuous sensory variables such as sonar and infrared readings. Mobile robots often have to reason and plan their course of action in unknown, non-deterministic, and partially observable environments. Acquiring a model of the environment that reflects the effect of the robot’s actions is essential in such cases. The framework of partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) is especially suitable for representing stochastic models of dynamic systems. Reasoning, planning, and learning in fully-observable state spaces is relatively well understood, and finding optimal policies for problems with huge numbers of states is now feasible. On the contrary, planning and learning in problems with partially-observable state spaces have proven to be very difficult. Finding optimal policies for POMDPs has been shown to be PSPACE-hard and currently solvable problems rarely have more than a hundred states. Learning POMDPs is harder still ‐ even for problems with discrete state spaces and discrete observations, the number of states for the largest problems solved are in the dozens. The usual approach to learning POMDPs has been to unfold the model in time and employ a general method for learning probabilistic networks such as Baum-Welch (BW), which tunes the parameters of the model so as to increase the likelihood of the training data given these model parameters. Such algorithms often get trapped in shallow local maxima of the optimization surface and can rarely recover the true
“Spirit”: A Plea for Geist

Robert Solomon and I long ago took up Walter Kaufmann’s campaign not only to follow Nietzsche as well as Hegel in keeping the term and concept of “Geist” alive, but also to render and use it in English as “spirit” rather than “mind.” I prefer to keep and use the German term itself, because I consider “Geist” to be a richer term and concept (thanks to Hegel and Nietzsche), and want to be able to use it to pull the idea of “spirit” in that direction. But I share with Solomon the conviction that the language of “spirit” and “spirituality,” so understood, is valuable, and deserves a place in our own (Anglophone) philosophical discourse about human reality. I consider what Solomon does with the idea of “spirit,” and say something about my own rather different inclination in the matter, which owes something to Hegel’s construal of Geist, but is closer in spirit (as it were) to Nietzsche’s. For me, as for both of them, human Geist or spirituality is deeply bound up with human culture and the phenomenon they call Bildung, through which it is incorporated into human life; and the essential thing about it is the transformation of human life that it involves, from something merely natural into something that is importantly supra-biological even while remaining anchored in and dependent upon our species-specific vitality. It involves the continual innovative restructuring of human experience and activities in ways increasingly emancipated from any sort of biological or merely social-functional imperatives. The language of Geist and spirituality is needed to bring and keep this central dimension of human reality in focus, making Solomon’s efforts to demystify and promote it an important part of his legacy.
Bilingual Memory Storage: Compound-Coordinate and Derivatives

A recurring theoretical issue in the study of bilingualism concerns the manner in which speakers of one or more languages might store their languages in memory.
Distributed Inference with Unreliable Data: Some Unconventional Directions

In this chapter, some recent directions in networked inference with Byzantines are discussed. More specifically, the concept of Friendly Byzantines is presented where cooperative Byzantines are intentionally introduced in the network to counter the effect of eavesdroppers in the network. Another direction of recent research has focused on using techniques developed for robust networked inference for ensuring reliable crowdsourcing in the presence of unreliable workers. The techniques developed to mitigate the effect of Byzantines in inference problems can be used for crowdsourcing systems, as discussed in this chapter. Finally, a framework called Human–Machine Inference Network (HuMaIN) is introduced, which is a network with both sensors and humans working together to solve networked inference problems. This framework is relevant in the age of IoT where all (exponentially increasing number of) devices are connected with humans in daily life.
All MOCVD grown 250 nm gate length Al 0.70 Ga 0.30 N MESFETs

High Al-composition AlGaN materials, by virtue of their ultra-wide band gap, are promising candidates for realizing high power density mm-wave transistors. However, low electron affinity in these materials make it very difficult to make ohmic contacts for Al-composition above 65%. On the other hand, to achieve high cutoff frequency, it is critical to scale the transistors. In this work, we report the first ever DC and small-signal RF performance of a scaled MOCVD-grown $\mathrm{UWBG}\ \mathrm{A}10. 70\mathrm{Ga}0.30\mathrm{N}$ MESFET with $\mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{G}} =250\ \ \mathrm{nm}$ .
The Pedagogical Potential of Game Jams

In this paper the authors explore the implications and pedagogical potential of game jams. While game jams have been noted for enhancing teamwork, communication, and project management skill-sets, in this paper the authors explore the potential educational benefits of Game Jams. Through an analysis of the academic results of the participants of a game jam site as compared to the control group of non-jam participants, the authors conclude that participation in game jams appear to have a positive impact on students' academic performance in many computing classes. The analysis includes a detailed comparison of over 70,000 student performance measures in general computing courses, focused/higher-level computer science courses, game design and development courses, software engineering courses, and mathematics courses. The results from this study may be used by other academic organizations to provide support for hosting game jam activities.
Chromium and cadmium removal from wastewater using duckweed - Lemna gibba L. and ultrastructural deformation due to metal toxicity.

Phytoremediation potential of Lemna gibba was evaluated for chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) under laboratory conditions for variable metal load of 1 mg/l, 3 mg/l, 5mgl, 7 mg/l and 9 mg/l, respectively, for 7 and 15 days of treatment period. Effects of both metals on structural attributes of L. gibba were also analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) study. The metal removal percentage by L. gibba for Cr metal was found in the range of 37.3% to 98.6% and for cadmium it was found within the range of 81.6% to 94.6%. Bio concentration factor (BCF) of L .gibba was observed within the range of 37 to 295 for Cr metal and for Cd metal it ranged from 237 to 1144, which shows that the plant is a hyper accumulator for Cd metal and moderate accumulator for Cr metal. Statistical analysis (Two-way ANOVA) was performed on experimental results to confirm the individual effect of metal concentration and treatment period as well as cumulative effect of both factors together on percentage metal removal and on BCF. Research studies indicated that with the progress of treatment period metal removal percentage increases but increasing metal load during experiment negatively co-relates the metal removal percentage and BCF.
The determination of cardiac output by a continuous recording system utilizing iodinated (I131) human serum albumin. I. Animal studies.

A method is outlined for the determination of cardiac output by the injection of iodinated (I 131 ) human serum albumin and continuous recording of the dilution curve. The calibration of the flow system by means of the final dilution and blood volume is discussed along with the possible application to an external measuring method. The results of eight dilution curves obtained from dogs are presented and the calculated cardiac outputs compared with the values measured by the rotameter method.
Exploring Self-Reported Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Date Presented 04/05/19 This poster explores the HRQOL of youth with MS, as measured by the KIDSCREEN27. Findings indicate a relatively robust HRQOL in a North American sample of 32 children and adolescents, however the potential need for OT program development in specified subgroups may exist. This information is important as we work to expand our role in health and wellness, potentially by helping children manage chronic illnesses such as MS. Primary Author and Speaker: Andrea Tyszka Additional Authors and Speakers: Ruth Farber
A case study of application of Mc-Kinsey 7-S framework to investigate the effectiveness of new product development and launch strategies

In the ever increasing competitive environment of India, the development and launch of new products has become an important competitive tool and it also demands efforts by all departments of organization to give synergetic results. In a crowded marketplace, there is greater need for differentiation, in markets that tend to be stagnant there is pressure to create excitement. The development and launch of new products helps in both situations. In certain industries like the FMCG industry, new product development has become critical to survival. New standards and multi-point competition are pushing FMCG companies to broaden their product lines and introduce new products such as multigrain Noodles, high number of nutrition in health food drink. But as many scholars mentioned, most of the new product fails at there launching stage so it need scientific application to investigate the effectiveness of launch strategy.
What the forms are not: Plato on conceptualism in Parmenides 132b–c

Conceptualism—the view that universals are mental entities without an external, independent, or substantial reality—has enjoyed popularity at various points throughout the history of philosophy. While Plato’s Theory of Forms is not a conceptualist theory of universals, we find at Parmenides 132b–c the startling conceptualist suggestion from a young Socrates that each Form might be a noēma, or a mental entity. This suggestion and Parmenides’ cryptic objections to it have been overshadowed by their placement directly after the notoriously difficult Third Man Argument (132a–b), and before the Likeness Regress (132c–133a). However, in the background of 132b–c, we find illuminating assumptions behind Parmenides’ arguments against the Theory of Forms in the first half of the dialogue. We also find in this text a set of implied criteria for Platonic concepthood. While in the Platonic corpus, Forms are explanantia for many of the phenomena explained by concepts in contemporary philosophy, concepts do seem to have an important epistemic role in Plato’s philosophy. An account of Platonic concepthood therefore opens the door for new ways of understanding the Platonic corpus as a whole. My focus in this paper is to uncover these assumptions and criteria through a close reading of Socrates’ conceptualist suggestion and Parmenides’ truncated objections to it at Parmenides 132b–c.
Sharp Frequency Bounds for Sample-Based Queries

A data sketch algorithm scans a big data set, collecting a small amount of data - the sketch, which can be used to statistically infer properties of the big data set. Some data sketch algorithms take a fixed-size random sample of a big data set, and use that sample to infer frequencies of items that meet various criteria in the big data set. This paper shows how to statistically infer probably approximately correct (PAC) bounds for those frequencies, efficiently, and precisely enough that the frequency bounds are either sharp or off by only one, which is the best possible result without exact computation.
A heuristic approach for load balancing the FP-growth algorithm on MapReduce

Abstract Frequent itemset discovery is an important step in Association Rule Mining. The Frequent Pattern (FP) growth algorithm, often used for discovering frequent itemsets, cannot scale directly to today’s Big Data, especially for large sparse datasets. Hence there is a need to distribute and parallelize the FP-growth algorithm. Parallel FP-growth (PFP) is a parallel implementation of the FP-growth algorithm on Hadoop’s MapReduce execution framework. Though PFP scales to large datasets, it suffers from imbalanced load across processing units. In this paper we propose a heuristic based, lower order of complexity, load balancing strategy for the PFP algorithm, called Heuristic Based PFP (HBPFP). Our results show that HBPFP distributes the load more evenly across the Hadoop cluster nodes, runs faster than the PFP algorithm, and uses cluster resources more efficiently, especially for large sparse datasets.
Sex-Based Role Misidentification and Burnout of Resident Physicians: An Observational Study.

OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study characterized associations between sex, role misidentification, and burnout among surgical and nonsurgical residents. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Limited evidence suggests that female resident physicians are more likely to be misidentified as non-physician team members, with potential negative implications for wellbeing. The prevalence and impact of role misidentification on the trainee experience in surgical as compared to nonsurgical specialties is unknown. METHODS An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to fourteen different residency programs at two academic medical centers in August 2018. The survey included questions about demographics, symptoms of burnout, the frequency of misidentification as another member of the care team, and the effect of misidentification on respondents' well-being. RESULTS Two-hundred sixty out of 419 (62.1% response rate) resident physicians completed the survey, of whom 184 (77.3%) reported being misidentified as a non-physician at least weekly. Female sex was associated with a significantly increased odds of being misidentified at least weekly (adjusted OR 23.7, 95% CI 10.9-51.5; p < 0.001), as was training in a surgical program (adjusted OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.7-8.0; p = 0.001). Frequent role misidentification was associated with burnout (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2-5.5; p = 0.01). In free-text responses, residents reported that being misidentified invoked a sense of not belonging, emotional exhaustion, and interfered with patient communication. CONCLUSIONS Role misidentification is more prevalent among female residents and surgical residents, compared to male residents and nonsurgical residents, respectively. Physician role misidentification is associated with burnout and has negative implications for resident wellbeing; interventions to reduce role misidentification are needed.
The Impact of Human Lipoaspirate and Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Contact Culture on Breast Cancer Cells: Implications in Breast Reconstruction

Background: Autologous fat transfer in the form of lipoaspirates for the reconstruction of the breast after breast cancer surgery is a commonly used procedure in plastic surgery. However, concerns regarding the oncologic risk of nutrient-rich fat tissue are widely debated. Previous studies have primarily focused on studying the interaction between adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and breast cancer cells. Methods: In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the paracrine- and contact-based interactions between lipoaspirates, ASCs and breast cancer cell lines. An inverted flask culture method was used to study the contact-based interaction between lipoaspirates and breast cancer cells, while GFP-expressing breast cancer cell lines were generated to study the cell–cell contact interaction with ASCs. Three different human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and BT-474, were studied. We analyzed the impact of these interactions on the proliferation, cell cycle and epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition of the breast cancer cells. Results: Our results revealed that both lipoaspirates and ASCs do not increase the proliferation rate of the breast cancer cells either through paracrine- or contact-dependent interactions. We observed that lipoaspirates selectively inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in contact co-culture, driven by the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein activity mediating cell cycle arrest. Additionally, ASCs inhibited MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell proliferation in cell–cell contact-dependent interactions. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed no significant increase in the EMT-related genes in breast cancer cells upon co-culture with ASCs. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the non-oncogenic character of lipoaspirates and supports the safety of clinical fat grafting in breast reconstruction after oncological surgical procedures. In vivo studies in appropriate animal models and long-term post-operative clinical data from patients are essential to reach the final safety recommendations.
Measuring GPS EIRP in Real-Time with a Spaceborne GNSS-Reflectometry Remote Sensing System

This paper presents a unique technique which uses a spaceborne GNSS receiver system to measure GPS EIRP in real time and then uses it to improve the calibration of NBRCS for GNSS-Reflectometry observations. It includes two steps: precise gain calibration of satellite GNSS antenna using on-orbit measurements, and dynamic GPS EIRP calibration with a spaceborne system. For the CYGNSS mission, it successfully recovers the flagged measurements (~37% of the entire dataset) to be included in the standard science data products and further improves the mission's science data quality.
Bowel Movement Signal Modeling and Parameters Extraction

The characterization of each Individual Wave Component (IWC) is essential in determining the different types of Bowel movements. Equally important is the effective use of the IWCs to predict anomalies in the digestive system. As it is often the case, the rigorous testing of an algorithm is always limited by the quality and quantity of available data. Recently, a mathematical model was presented as an alternative to generating synthetic bowel sound data that can be used as a stimulus to test new algorithms. In this paper, we present an analysis of this model and a new algorithm to estimate the parameters of the individual wave components. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated in both synthetic and clinically recorded data.
Longitudinal Uses of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

Objectives The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study is a nationally representative study of the US population on tobacco use and its effects on health, with 3 waves of data collection between 2013 and 2016. Prior work described the methods of the first wave. In this paper, we describe the methods of the subsequent 2 waves and provide recommendations for how to conduct longitudinal analyses of PATH Study data. Methods We use standard survey quality metrics to evaluate the results of the follow-up waves of the PATH Study. The recommendations and examples of longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses of PATH Study data follow a design-based statistical inference framework. Results The quality metrics indicate that the PATH Study sample of approximately 40,000 continuing respondents remains representative of its target population. Depending on the intended analysis, different survey weights may be appropriate. Conclusion The PATH Study data are a valuable resource for regulatory scientists interested in longitudinal analysis of tobacco use and its effects on health. The availability of multiple sets of specialized survey weights enables researchers to target a wide range of tobacco-related analytic questions.
On the incipient sediment suspension downstream of three-dimensional wall-mounted obstacles

The incipient sediment suspension downstream of a thin square tab with various inclination angles was fundamentally described using experiments and theoretical arguments. Volumetric particle tracking velocimetry and particle image velocimetry were applied to measure the sediment particle distributions and wake flows under various incoming velocities and obstacle inclination angles. Results show that suspension of sediments occurred downstream of the obstacles due to the enhanced local turbulence intensities. Although the sediment volumetric fraction was mostly determined by the variation of wake turbulence kinetic energy under low inclination angles (i.e., obstacles nearly parallel to incoming flow), this was not the case under high inclination angle counterparts where distinct downward velocities dominated the wake region and suppressed the sediment suspension. This led to the decrease of sediment volumetric fraction with the growth of tab inclination at high inclination angles. Supported by flow measurements, a revised Rouse number was introduced which allows to quantitatively integrate the coupled influence of turbulence mixing load and vertical flows across various incoming velocities and inclination angles.
The Boundary Layer Development in Open Channels

Development of turbulent boundary layer is analyzed theoretically for case of steady flow in horizontal open channel; problem is solved for rectangular cross section, but same scheme could be used for other sections; simplified solution is given for channel of large width; theory is subsequently compared with experimental results.
Sintering of Two-Component Oxide Systems with Compound Formation

Sintering mechanisms in MgO-Fe2O3, NiO-Fe2O3, and ZnO-Fe2O3 have been studied on systems composed of oxide spheres and plates. Except in the very early stages, interdiffusion plays a dominant role in sintering. During the early stages of sintering the process is motivated by the vacancy gradients due to the sharp neck curvature, as indicated by the fifth-power law verified for sintering in homogeneous systems. The kinetics of growth of ferrite into the component oxides have been studied in the systems MgO-Fe2O3 and NiO-Fe2O3. In the ZnO-Fe2O3 system sintering is dependent on the rate of evaporation of zinc oxide above 1130°C. Below 1130°C interdiffusion in the solid state is of greater importance.
Thinking Fragments: Psychoanalysis, Feminism, and Postmodernism in the Contemporary West

"Thinking Fragments" provides a brilliant critique of psychoanalytic, feminist, and postmodern theory. Examining the writings of Freud, Winnicott, Lacan, Chodorow, Irigaray, Derrida, Rorty, and Foucault, among others, Flax conducts a "conversation" among psychoanalysts, feminist thinkers, and postmodern theorists, evaluating the ways in which each group of thinkers succeeds in coming to terms with crises in contemporary Western culture. As she analyzes each theory in turn, the others are used to identify and interrogate its gaps and omissions. The result is a postmodern text of intertwined ideas, devoid of clear beginnings, endings, conclusions. Flax addresses the question, "how is it possible to theorize in the contemporary West?" With the demise of objective notions of truth, knowledge, self and power, intellectuals have devised these new modes of thinking which both reflect and contribute to the uncertainties of the contemporary West.Each also addresses at least one aspect of what has become most problematic to modern individuals: How to come to terms with self, gender, knowledge and power without resorting to concepts that stress objectivity, universal knowledge, and a unitary self. Flax finds that neither psychoanalysis, nor feminism, nor postmodernism is adequate to the task for which it was conceived. Each can illuminate certain aspects of problems of self, gender, knowledge, and power, but none is sufficient on its own. In fact, each incorporates characteristic blindnesses rooted in part in the very difficulties it addresses.Despite their failures, Flax concludes that these modes of theorizing are our best tools thus far, compelling us to use them even while we grapple with the problems they raise. "Thinking Fragments" is a wide-ranging study that will elicit much discussion and debate. It is an essential text for social scientists and humanists alike, as well as anyone else who thinks about how to "do" theory in the contemporary West.
PHOSPHOPROTEINS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

Rafter, Gale W. (The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Md.) and William C. Lane. Phosphoproteins in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 83:1077–1083. 1962.—The identification and metabolism of phosphoprotein were investigated in Escherichia coli. Hydrolysis of bacterial protein fractions with barium hydroxide or with phosphoprotein phosphatase released acid-soluble phosphorus. Chromatography of acid-hydrolyzed and incubated fractions also indicated the presence of phospho-amino acids. Turnover of phosphate in protein of growing cells was not observed, but incorporation of phosphate into protein of nongrowing cells was found. The protein-phosphate content decreased as organisms passed from the growing to the nongrowing state. The phosphoprotein composition, as revealed by paper electrophoresis, was heterogeneous. No protein phosphokinase or protein-phosphate phosphatase was detected in cell-free extracts, but an active principle which catalyzed the formation of acid-soluble phosphate from bacterial protein fractions was found.
Parent Involvement in Bilingual Education: Whose Responsibility Is It?

(1987). Parent Involvement in Bilingual Education: Whose Responsibility Is It? NABE Journal: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 189-201.
Techno-economic analysis of di-butyl ketone, di-methyl furan and hydroxymethyl furfural production from biomass based resources

The issues associated with the use of petroleum have led to the development of new processes for the production of industrial chemicals from biomass resources. Thus, a sustainable supply of industrial chemicals can be made available through use of biobased sources. Techno-economic assessment of such processes in conjunction with lab scale development is essential to analyze feasibility and identify key areas for further development. We analyze here a process for production of 5-nonanone (dibutyl ketone, DBK) from levulinic acid (LA) which is a biobased platform chemical that is produced in large quantities from a variety of lignocellulosic biomass sources. The economic analysis herein described is based on a catalytic pathway developed in lab scale. The final product (DBK) has applications as an industrial solvent and serves as a platform chemical for the production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels in the diesel and gasoline ranges. A detailed process model has been created using Aspen for two different product purity levels (90 and 99 %). Process economics have been studied in a discounted cash flow analysis to analyze the viability of production and relative product purification costs. Sensitivity analysis is used to identify the impact of key parameters on the minimum selling price of product. The modeled process utilizes 480 MT/day of LA feedstock to produce 194 MT/day of 5-nonanone along with other byproducts. Two models, involving the production of 5-nonanone at two different purity
Role of Hemoprotein P-450 in Fatty Acid ω-Hydroxylation in a Soluble Enzyme System from Liver Microsomes

An enzyme system which catalyzes the ω-hydroxylation of fatty acids in the presence of reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide and molecular oxygen has been obtained in a soluble form from rabbit liver microsomes. Three components have been separated from the microsomal extract and shown to be required for the conversion of laurate to ω-hydroxylaurate. These have been identified as hemoprotein P-450 (the carbon monoxide-binding pigment of microsomes), TPNH-cytochrome c reductase, and a heat-stable factor.
Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma

Two cases of retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma (CL) are presented; the current literature on this rare, benign neoplasm of the lymphatic system is reviewed. This tumor consists of various numbers of cyst-like cavities filled with a serous, serosanguineous or chylous fluid. The histogenesis of CL is still uncertain. Most commonly CL occurs in the neck and in the axillary region, whereas it is rare in the retroperitoneum. Although retroperitoneal CL is a benign lesion, it may cause significant morbidity due to its large size, and its often invasive character with a strong tendency to secondary infection. The treatment of choice is surgical excision.
Length and Substituent-Scrambling Energies of Parent and Halogen-Substituted Conjugated Polyynes†

Conjugated polyynes are a class of species of diverse and increasing interest. Length-scrambling and substituent scrambling reaction energies were examined using ab initio quantum chemistry calculations to investigate issues concerning the energetic effects of the molecular ends (substituent communication). Computations were performed for the parent, monohalogenated, and dihalogenated (F, Cl, Br, I) polyynes of up to 60 carbon atoms. A study of resonance effects using natural resonance theory and bond lengths demonstrates lone-pair-donating effects that increase in the series F < Cl < Br < I, but run counter to the halogen inductive effects which decrease in this series and dominate energetic effects.
Protective mechanism of the Mexican bean weevil against high levels of alpha-amylase inhibitor in the common bean.

[alpha]-Amylase inhibitor ([alpha]AI) protects seeds of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) against predation by certain species of bruchids such as the cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) and the azuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis), but not against predation by the bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus) or the Mexican bean weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus), insects that are common in the Americas. We characterized the interaction of [alpha]AI-1 present in seeds of the common bean, of a different isoform, [alpha]AI-2, present in seeds of wild common bean accessions, and of two homologs, [alpha]AI-Pa present in seeds of the tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) and ([alpha]AI-Pc in seeds of the scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus), with the midgut extracts of several bruchids. The extract of the Z. subfasciatus larvae rapidly digests and inactivates [alpha]AI-1 and [alpha]AI-Pc, but not [alpha]AI-2 or [alphha]AI-Pa. The digestion is caused by a serine protease. A single proteolytic cleavage in the [beta] subunit of [alpha]AI-1 occurs at the active site of the protein. When degradation is prevented, [alpha]AI-1 and [alpha]AI-Pc do not inhibit the [alpha]-amylase of Z. subfasciatus, although they are effective against the [alpha]-amylase of C. chinensis. [alpha]AI-2 and [alpha]AI-Pa, on the other hand, do inhibit the [alpha]-amylase of Z. subfasciatus, suggesting that they are good candidates for genetic engineering to achieve resistance to Z. subfasciatus.
Teenage Sexual Orientation, Adult Openness, and Status Attainment in Gay Males

Research on the effects of sexual orientation on gay male status attainment has been hampered by the use of opportunistic samples and by the inability to control for family background and sexual orienta- tion characteristics. This research uses data from the Urban Men' s Health Study, a multicity probability sample, to examine the status attainment process among men who identify as gay or bisexual ( N 5 2,290). Logistic regression is used to measure the effects of teen sexual orientation and adult expression of sexual orientation on educational achievement and household income. Early decision that one is gay and early homosexual activity are related to reduced educational achievement. Teen sexual orientation and adult expression of sexual orientation are not directly related to income, though education was. These e ndings suggest that the costs of discrimina- tion encountered early in life are an important component of the reduced status attainment of gay males. Although efforts to ban discrimination against gay men and lesbians date back thirty years or more, we know little about status attainment processes specie c to gay men and lesbians or about any costs resulting from homophobic discrimina- tion. The limited research that is available indicates a disjuncture in the answers to this question, with one set of research suggesting that stigma may limit achievement while other research suggests that gay men and lesbians are quite well off in terms of education and employment. Researchers of discrimination suggest that this disjuncture in e ndings is largely a result of problems in sampling gays, though research on educational and work experiences suggests that the