cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on the Transport Security of LTE-Advanced

As one of the 4G standards approved into ITU in October 2010,LTE-Advanced is standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) as a major enhancement of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution(LTE) standard.This paper presents the creation timeline and key performance of LTE-Advanced in 3GPP,analyzes the functional planes of LTE-Advanced.In conclusion,we summarize transport security architecture of LTE-Advanced,i.e.X2 star and X2 mesh security architecture.
Use of hyperspectral imaging to assess endothelial dysfunction in peripheral arterial disease

Background Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a technology that with limited training can noninvasively measure oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations in the skin to create an oxygenation map. This pilot study determined whether HSI could be used to demonstrate vascular dysfunction in the upper extremity of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods This prospective study included 93 consecutive, consented patients presenting to the vascular clinic, with and without diagnosed arterial disease, and healthy volunteers. Patients underwent HSI at the upper arm, forearm, and palm before and after cuff occlusion (50 mm Hg above systolic) for 5 minutes. Medical records of enrolled patients were reviewed for demographic data, medications, surgical history, and other pertinent information. Results Significant changes occurred with oxyHb, with minimal to no effects on deoxygenated hemoglobin. The highest values of oxyHb were detected in the upper arm, followed by the forearm and hand. The absolute and percentage change in oxyHb measured in the upper arm and forearm was significantly reduced in controls aged >40 years compared with controls aged P = .028). When the 23 patients with PAD only were separated out, the upper arm oxyHb response to cuff occlusion is even more significantly impaired ( P Conclusions Our study suggests the ability of HSI to assess the presence of PAD or CAD based on systemic vascular dysfunction at sites remote from the clinically diseased vascular bed. This could enable early screening and tracking of arterial disease patients before the development of clinically advanced disease.
Heterogeneous Diskless Remote Booting System on Cloud Operating System

Nowadays, cloud computing has become one of the major issues on the progress of computer science. Applying Diskless Remote Booting (DRB) System to cloud computing has potential to reduce energy consumption and enhance Maintainability. Previous research has introduced homogeneous DRB system which consists of compute nodes with the same hardware and software configuration. However, in the homogeneous DRB system, adding a new node requires the same hardware and software configuration. In this paper, we propose a heterogeneous DRB system that allows compute nodes to have various hardware and software configurations. Moreover, the proposed scheme is equipped with hypervisor to each compute node, so that every compute node provides a virtual environment for its end-users. The experiment results show our approach can run a number of compute nodes with various hardware and software configurations concurrently. Furthermore, the proposed scheme has outstanding benefits to energy saving with negligible performance loss.
Performance comparison of cache invalidation strategies for Internet-based mobile ad hoc networks

Internet-based mobile ad hoc network (IMANET) combines a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) and the Internet to provide universal information accessibility. Although caching frequently accessed data items in mobile terminals (MTs) improves the communication performance in an IMANET, it brings a critical design issue when data items are updated. We analyze several push and pull-based cache invalidation strategies for IMANETS. A global positioning system (GPS) based connectivity estimation (GPSCE) scheme is first proposed to assess the connectivity of an MT for supporting any cache invalidation mechanism. Then, we propose a pull-based approach, called aggregate cache based on demand (ACOD) scheme, to find the queried data items efficiently. In addition, we modify two push-based cache invalidation strategies, proposed for cellular networks, to work in IMANETs. These are a modified timestamp (MTS) scheme, and an MTS with updated invalidation report (MTS+UIR) scheme. Simulation results indicate that our proposed strategy provides high throughput, low query latency, and low communication overhead, and thus, is a viable approach for implementation in IMANETS.
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound for Diagnosis and Treatment in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Among users of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS), the benefits of real-time imaging of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are widely appreciated. Yet to the larger pediatric rheumatology public, these advantages may be easily overlooked. MSUS enhances the routine clinical examination, allowing for detection of subclinical disease and an accurate determination of the location and extent of disease activity. Ultrasound visualizes synovitis and tenosynovitis, enthesitis, erosions, and cartilage changes, enabling one to monitor the response to treatment and assisting in the determination of remission. MSUS is particularly suited for guidance for intraarticular corticosteroid injections. The ability to review images at the bedside with patients and their caregivers can be reassuring, to both the patient and the practitioner. Understanding of the normal, healthy sonoanatomy, however, can be challenging and remains a topic of ongoing research. The significance of subclinical synovitis (US-detected features of synovitis in the context of clinically healthy joint) remains unclear. As a better understanding of normal/physiologic sonographic appearance of the growing joint emerges, in particular, the presence of Doppler signal in the developing articular space, the predictive value and prognostic significance of subclinical synovitis will become more evident. What constitutes subclinical disease, too, is somewhat controversial as many healthy joints can demonstrate physiologic fluid, and it is unknown how long synovial thickening can remain after active inflammation has been treated. In my experience, sonographic evidence of synovial thickening/proliferation with a high degree of Doppler activity (more than a few areas of intermittent pixilations) should be considered an actively diseased joint and be incorporated in therapeutic decisions. This review aims to provide an evidence-based update on recent advances and insights into the healthy sonoanatomy of children and the use of ultrasound in the assessment and treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis disease manifestations.
Structure and function of HWE/HisKA2-family sensor histidine kinases

Sensor histidine kinases regulate adaptive cellular responses to changes in the chemical or physical state of the environment. HWE/HisKA2-family kinases comprise a subset of histidine kinases that is defined by unique sequence motifs in both the catalytic and non-catalytic regions. Recent crystal structures have defined conserved intramolecular interactions that inform models of kinase regulation that are unique to the HWE/HisKA2 superfamily. Emerging genetic, biochemical and genomic data indicate that, unlike typical histidine kinases, HWE/HisKA2 kinases do not generally signal via classical DNA-binding response regulators. Rather, these unusual kinases are often part of atypical regulatory pathways that control changes in gene expression via modulation of protein-protein interactions or transcription anti-termination.
Evaluation of thoracic stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

e19093 Background: Thoracic SBRT in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has the potential to improve overall survival (OS) by controlling the most likely sites of relapse and delaying disease progression, as is the case with treatment of oligometastasis. We hypothesized that thoracic control with SBRT can improve OS for select patients with stage IV NSCLC. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all stage IV NSCLC patients treated with SBRT from January 2007 through July 2013. Patients had total of ≤ 5 sites of oligometastasis. All patients received SBRT to a thoracic site. Patients were commonly treated with a biological equivalent dose ≥ 100. Results: 23 patients were treated to a total of 30 thoracic sites with SBRT. Median age was 63 (43 – 91) and median follow up after SBRT was 12.0 months for all patients. The 1, 2 and 3 year actuarial OS rates were 86.7%, 45.7% and 22.8% respectively. Median OS was 24 months for all patients. Median survival of 8 patients who received...
Renal Handling of Phosphate: Update

Phosphate is predominantely reabsorbed in the proximal tubule (1, 2) and this reabsorption is inhibited by parathyroid hormone (PTH) (3, 4). However, in both normal and TPTX animals, phosphate delivery beyond the point of micropuncture in the late proximal tubule exceeds that excreted in the urine (3–11). Furthermore, most investigators report an increase in delivery of phosphate from the proximal tubule but only a moderate phosphaturia after saline expansion in TPTX animals (3, 4, 6, 11). This blunting of the saline induced phosphaturia in TPTX animals has been interpreted as evidence for distal phosphate reabsorption. Similarly, the phosphaturia induced by acetazolamide is also blunted in TPTX animals. From these studies it was concluded that PTH, although it has effects similar to acetazolamide on the proximal tubule, also has a more distal site of action (10, 12). Since these latter conclusions were derived from micropuncture studies where only proximal tubules were punctured, the site of altered phosphate reabsorption could be in any segment beyond the point of micropuncture.
Zen and Psychotherapy

In recent years, there has been an unprecedented influence of Zen Buddhism in Western psychology and psychotherapy. On the surface, the two disciplines seem incompatible: Psychotherapy wants to develop the self, whereas Zen tries to get rid of the self. Many may wonder where Buddhism, a 2500-year-old Eastern religion, and psychotherapy, a Western invention of psychological treatment, converge and diverge? In this chapter, Peiwei Li, Ph.D. of Springfield College, and Daniel Rodriguez Ramirez, M.Ed of University of California Santa Cruz, aim to entertain this very question and provide a multilayered critical reflection and epistemological critique. We will first provide a brief historical sketch about the synergy between Zen and psychotherapy, which lead to a discussion on a few key concepts that draw resonance and dissonance between Zen and psychotherapy. We argue that although the two traditions grew out of drastically diverging historical roots and manifest in varying forms, they share underlying understanding and aims related to the nature of the self and the process of self-development toward liberation. Grounded in this overarching vision, we will feature specific examples of their cross-fertilization drawing from classical psychotherapy orientations as well as representatives of contemporary mindfulness-based psychotherapy movements. We also include a brief clinical case discussion to illustrate how a Zen-informed therapy process might unfold in practice. This chapter will be concluded with a critical examination of the larger sociocultural contexts and system imperatives that might have simultaneously given rise to the popularity of Zen in psychotherapy while subjected it to truncation and objectification.
Difficult Vascular Access

Children with renal failure, with rare exception, inevitably experience failure of their hemodialysis access due to infection, clotting, stenosis, and/or thrombosis. Understanding the implications of these complications and how to plan for new access is key to providing sustainable dialysis in children.
Mystery Case: A case of fulminant encephalopathy in a 69-year-old woman.

A 69-year-old right-handed woman was admitted to the medical intensive care unit for acute encephalopathy. Her medical history included sickle cell disease (hemoglobin sickle cell [HbSC]) with bone involvement (bilateral femoral head osteonecrosis) and rare sickle cell crises with joint pain and hemolytic anemia requiring red blood cell transfusions, sarcoidosis, diabetes, hypertension, and hypothyroidism. She never smoked cigarettes and never used recreational drugs or alcohol, and there was no history of recent travel. The patient's daughter reported that the patient was found unresponsive lying on the floor in the morning. She was last seen normal the day prior, but had complained of diffuse muscle pain and body aches for 1 day.
Conceptual Foundation for a Theoretical Model of Family Well-Being

(1981). Conceptual Foundation for a Theoretical Model of Family Well-Being. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 5, Communication Yearbook 5, pp. 757-781.
Assessing Science Motivation for College Students: Validation of the Science Motivation Questionnaire II using the Rasch-Andrich Rating Scale Model

Motivation in science learning is believed to be essential for students’ pursuit of college-level studies and lifelong interest in science. Yet, the trend of low levels of motivation in learning science continued in college can be linked to a national concern about low scientific literacy levels and science career aspirations. To diagnose the current status of motivation of college students, it is important to have an instrument that can assess students’ motivation. The purpose of the present study is to examine the level of motivation of college students and establish the validity and reliability of a motivation questionnaire-the Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ II) developed by Glynn et al. (2011)-using the Rasch-Andrich rating scale model. The original instrument consists of 25 items allocated in five sub-factors. Both person separation reliability and item separation reliability were excellent. The item separation index indicated good variability of the items and the five rating scale functioned well. All Infit and Outfit measures in the Rasch analysis demonstrated a lack of unidimensionality of the science motivation construct in the SMQ II, which supports the deletion of two items to satisfy the unidimensional structure.
Optical Characterization of Mineral Dust and Soot Particles in the El Paso-Juarez Airshed

The light-scattering properties of mineral dust and soot particles in the El Paso-Juarez Airshed were analyzed using data from an acoustic extinctiometer and a laser particle counter in conjunction with a non-spherical scattering model for polydisperse and randomly oriented particles, the T-matrix model. The data selected correspond to days exhibiting a mean relative humidity (RH) less than 20% to avoid effects of possible aerosol hygroscopic growth. The inter-comparison for the selected days of the extinction and scattering coefficients results obtained using the T-matrix and the laser particle counter, with those obtained from an acoustic extinctiometer at a wavelength of 0.87 μm shows good agreement. In addition, the single-scattering albedo for this region is analyzed for the selected days. The methodology developed in this work can be used as a diagnostic tool to characterize mineral dust and soot particles, and the results of this study will provide a better understanding of the aerosol optical properties for the El Paso-Juarez Airshed.
Effect of Warning Placement on the Information Processing of College Students Reading an OTC Drug Facts Panel.

OBJECTIVE To compare three over-the-counter (OTC) Drug Facts panel versions for information processing optimization among college students. PARTICIPANTS University of Houston students (N = 210) participated in a cross-sectional survey from January to May 2010. METHODS A current FDA label was compared to two experimental labels developed using the theory of CHREST to test information processing by re-positioning the warning information within the Drug Facts panel. Congruency was defined as placing like information together. Information processing was evaluated using the OTC medication Label Evaluation Process Model (LEPM): label comprehension, ease-of-use, attitude toward the product, product evaluation, and purchase intention. RESULTS Experimental label with chunked congruent information (uses-directions-other information-warnings) was rated significantly higher than the current FDA label and had the best average scores among the LEPM information processing variables. CONCLUSION If replications uphold these findings, the FDA label design might be revised to improve information processing.
Prompting Connections Between Content and Context: Blending Immersive Virtual Environments and Augmented Reality for Environmental Science Learning

Outdoor field trip experiences are a cornerstone of quality environmental science instruction, yet the excitement and distractions associated with field trips can overwhelm learning objectives. Augmented reality (AR) can focus students’ attention and help them connect the concept rich domain of the classroom with the context rich experiences in the field. In this study, students used an immersive virtual pond, and then participated in a field trip to a real pond augmented by mobile technologies. We are interested in understanding whether and how augmenting a field trip with information via handheld mobile devices can help students connect concepts learned in the classroom with observations during the field trip. Specifically, we are curious about how augmentation allows students to “see the unseen” in concepts such as photosynthesis and respiration as well as apply causal reasoning patterns they learned about in the classroom while using an inquiry-based immersive virtual environment, EcoMUVE. We designed an AR supported field trip with three different treatments: (1) a ‘visual’ treatment in which students were prompted to consider content or perspectives from EcoMUVE using videos and animations (2) a ‘text’ treatment in which students were prompted to consider content or perspectives from EcoMUVE using text and images, and (3) a ‘control’ treatment that did not specifically prompt students to think about content or perspectives from EcoMUVE. We used a mixed-methods research approach and collected data based on pre, mid, and post surveys; student responses to prompts captured in the notes and log files during the field trip; a post-field-trip survey; and performance on an in-class written assignment. On the field trip, we found that students in all three treatments more frequently referred to visible factors and direct effects than to invisible factors and indirect effects. There were few discernible differences between the text and visual prompted treatments based on responses in the notes and log files captured during the field trip. After the field trip, students exposed to the prompted treatments were more likely to describe invisible factors such as wind, weather, and human impacts, while students exposed to the control treatment continued to focus on visible features such as aquatic plants. These findings provide insights to designers who aim to support learning activities in outdoor and immersive learning environments.
Electrically Coupled Belousov-Zhabotinsky Oscillators: A Potential Chaos Generator

A most important reason for the investigation of oscillating chemical reactions is. their ability to demonstrate a wide variety of remarkable dynamic behaviors in relatively easily controlled experimental systems where the governing dynamic laws are sometimes reasonably well understood. The Belousov-Zhabotinsky (B) reaction1,2 (the metal-ion catalyzed oxidation and bromination of certain organic substrates by bromate ion in a strongly acidic aqueous medium), when run in a continuous-flow, stirred tank reactor (CSTR), is a prime example of such a chemical oscillator. It exhibits such phenomena as: both simple and complex waveform oscillations3, multiple steady states4, hysteresis phenomena5, excitability6 and quasi-periodic, apparently chaotic oscillations3,7. A simple model of the BZ chemical kinetics, the Oregonator8, reproduces, at least qualitatively, all of these phenomena except the last, aperiodic or chaotic oscillations. However, experimental observations of aperiodic oscillations in the BZ reaction have been reported by several authors. It has not been entirely clear whether such aperiodic behavior is an intrinsic feature of the dynamic laws of the BZ reaction or whether it results from random environmental perturbations to the experimental system. The later experiments of HUDSON et al.3 seem to have been the best controlled to eliminate environmental perturbations. The concentrations of reactants in the feedstreams to the CSTR were kept constant in their experiments as the flowrate (which controls the residence time of species in the reactor) was the critical parameter varied.
The Origins of Modern Fluorescence Microscopy and Fluorescent Probes

This review of the history of fluorescence microscopy and fluorescent probes emphasizes the roots of modern work in the field and contemporary lines of research. It centers on significant accomplishments and the pioneers involved. The contribution is presented as a survey rather than an exhaustive review. To conserve space, bibliographic citations are restricted largely to a small number of significant articles and reviews. Further details and references are given in “The Development of Fluorescence Microscopy up through World War II” ( 21 ). Other fundamental sources of information are De Ment's volume on Fluorochemistry ( 5 ) and Radley and Grant's Flourescence Analysis in Ultra-Violet Light ( 34 ). The volumes by Wang and Taylor ( 41a , 42c ) give a modern perspective of fluorescence microscopic technology applied to living cells.
Animal Abuse Issues in Psychotherapy

Abstract This chapter addresses animal abuse and the ways the subject may arise in psychotherapy, including animal abuse clients (children or adults) have perpetrated themselves and animal abuse witnessed by or threatened against clients. Animal abuse occurring in both the past and present, with related implications, is discussed. Recommendations are provided for how clinicians can elicit information about animal abuse and use their assessment to select an appropriate intervention strategy. Reporting of animal abuse is also addressed along with legal and ethical considerations.
Neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling during neuronal stimulation protects against fatty acid toxicity

GRAPHICAL ABSTACT HIGHLIGHTS Hyperactive neurons generate and release excess peroxidated fatty acids (FAs) Astrocytes endocytose toxic FAs as lipoprotein particles, delivering them to lipid droplets Lipid droplets trigger upregulation of genes involved in metabolism and detoxification Astrocytes detoxify and consume FAs by mitochondrial oxidation in response to neural activity SUMMARY Metabolic coordination between neurons and astrocytes is critical for the health of the brain. However, neuron-astrocyte coupling of lipid metabolism, particularly in response to neural activity, remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we demonstrate that toxic, peroxidated fatty acids (FAs) produced in hyperactive neurons are transferred to astrocytic lipid droplets by lipoprotein particles. Astrocytes consume the FAs stored in lipid droplets via mitochondrial β-oxidation in response to neuronal activity and turn on a detoxification gene expression program. Together, our findings reveal that FA metabolism between neurons and astrocytes is coupled in an activity-dependent manner to protect neurons from FA toxicity. This coordinated mechanism for metabolizing FAs could underlie both homeostasis and a variety of disease states of the brain.
Lever-Out Resistance of Constrained Hip Liners is Sensitive to Changes in Opening Radius and Liner Design

The constrained liner is an important tool for the treatment of recurrent dislocation, which continues to represent an important challenge in total hip arthroplasty. In constrained liner design, there is a tradeoff between dislocation resistance and range of motion. However, studies investigating their sensitivity to design parameters are scant. Given the relatively high rate of failure of constrained devices, this information is critical to improving their design. This study aimed to use finite element analysis to explore the sensitivity of constrained liner-dislocation resistance to variations in liner opening radius, for two different constraining design features found in contemporary devices. Results showed that a smaller opening radius leads to increased lever-out moment. It was also observed that in liners with localized constraint, lever-out resistance is more sensitive to changes in opening radius than those with circumferential constraint. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1590-1595, 2019.
POTENTIAL SITES FOR LEARNING IN THE GASTROPOD CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses several potential sites for learning in the gastropod central nervous system (CNS). There are at least three independent routes by which a motor pattern generator (MPG) can be turned on, or otherwise modulated, even in an isolated nervous system in the context of learning. Clearly, there is a choice point at the level of the trigger and command interneuronal level. At the point where these neurons impose themselves upon the motor pattern generator for the appropriate response, a change in synaptic efficacy will certainly result in a change in the likelihood of initiation and execution of a response. Alternatively, the motor neurons themselves must be considered reasonable sites. Accordingly, any associative events that change the input–output relationships in these critical neurons to increase or decrease the likelihood of release of the behavior contingent upon stimulus events could result in learning. The class of modulatory neurons typified by the large dorsal white cells (LDWC) could also lie at the root of plastic change. Again, an alteration in the input–output relationships of these cells, by whatever mechanisms, could be expected to alter the likelihood of expression of the patterned output of the MPG. There is also the possibility that the association of stimuli leading to learning comes about through an interaction between two or more of these pathways that impinge upon the MPG.
Structural basis for the ORC1-Cyclin A association.

Progression of cell cycle is regulated by sequential expression of cyclins, which associate with distinct cyclin kinases to drive the transition between different cell cycle phases. The complex of Cyclin A with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) controls the DNA replication activity through phosphorylation of a set of chromatin factors, which critically influences the S phase transition. It has been shown that the direct interaction between the Cyclin A-CDK2 complex and origin recognition complex subunit 1 (ORC1) mediates the localization of ORC1 to centrosomes, where ORC1 inhibits cyclin E-mediated centrosome reduplication. However, the molecular basis underlying the specific recognition between ORC1 and cyclins remains elusive. Here we report the crystal structure of Cyclin A-CDK2 complex bound to a peptide derived from ORC1 at 2.54 a resolution. The structure revealed that the ORC1 peptide interacts with a hydrophobic groove, termed cyclin binding groove (CBG), of Cyclin A via a KXL motif. Distinct from other identified CBG-binding sequences, an arginine residue flanking the KXL motif of ORC1 inserts into a neighboring acidic pocket, contributing to the strong ORC1-Cyclin A association. Furthermore, structural and sequence analysis of cyclins reveals divergence on the ORC1-binding sites, which may underpin their differential ORC1-binding activities. This study provides a structural basis of the specific ORC1-cyclins recognition, with implication in development of novel inhibitors against the cyclin/CDK complexes.
Regulation of hypoxia inducible factor/prolyl hydroxylase binding domain proteins 1 by PPARα and high salt diet.

BACKGROUND Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)/prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)-containing proteins are involved in renal adaptive response to high salt (HS). Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a transcription factor involved in fatty acid oxidation is implicated in the regulation of renal function. As both HIF-1α/PHD and PPARα contribute to the adaptive changes to altered oxygen tension, this study tested the hypothesis that PHD-induced renal adaptive response to HS is PPARα-dependent. METHODS PPARα wild type (WT) and knock out (KO) mice were fed a low salt (LS) (0.03% NaCl) or a HS (8% NaCl) diet for 8 days and treated with hydralazine. PPARα and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression were evaluated in the kidney cortex and medulla. A 24-h urinary volume (UV), sodium excretion (UNaV), and nitrite excretion (UNOx V) were also determined. RESULTS PHD1 expression was greater in the medulla as compared to the cortex of PPARα WT mice (p<0.05) fed with a LS (0.03% NaCl) diet. The HS diet (8% NaCl) downregulated PHD1 expression in the medulla (p<0.05) but not the cortex of WT mice whereas expression was downregulated in the cortex (p<0.05) and medulla (p<0.05) of KO mice. These changes were accompanied by HS-induced diuresis (p<0.05) and natriuresis (p<0.05) that were greater in WT mice (p<0.05). Similarly, UNOx V, index of renal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity or availability and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression was greater in WT (p<0.05) but unchanged in KO mice on HS diet. Hydralazine, a PHD inhibitor, did not affect diuresis or natriuresis in LS diet-fed WT or KO mice but both were increased (p<0.05) in HS diet-fed WT mice. Hydralazine also increased UNOx V (p<0.05) with no change in diuresis, natriuresis, or HO-1 expression in KO mice on HS diet. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that HS-induced PPARα-mediated downregulation of PHD1 is a novel pathway for PHD/HIF-1α transcriptional regulation for adaptive responses to promote renal function via downstream signaling involving NOS and HO.
Infiltration Between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee (iPACK): Essential Anatomy, Technique, and Literature Review

In this review, we discuss the essential iPACK (Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee) anatomy, block technique as well as potential complications, contraindications, and relevant literature evaluating the efficacy of the iPACK block. Recent literature supports the efficacy of the iPACK in controlling pain, improving postoperative physical therapy performance, and decreasing hospital length of stay (LOS). Cadaver studies have demonstrated that injection of dye in the tissue plane between the popliteal artery and the femoral shaft cranial to femoral condyles spreads to the genicular nerves that innervate the posterior knee and forms the basis of the analgesic mechanism of the iPACK. Randomized controlled trials have shown that the iPACK, when used in combination with a femoral nerve block (FNB) or adductor canal block (ACB), is superior to a FNB or ACB alone in controlling postoperative pain. The iPACK controls posterior knee pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by anesthetizing the articular branches from the sciatic and obturator nerves. This is a safe and relatively simple block to perform with a low risk of serious complications.
Poor peripheral binding depends in part on stimulus color

We have compared two explanations for poor peripheral binding. Binding is the ability to assign the correct features (e.g., color, direction of motion, orientation) to objects. Wu, Kanai, and Shimojo (Nature, 429(6989), 262, 2004) showed that subjects performed poorly on binding dot color with direction of motion in the periphery. Suzuki, Wolfe, Horowitz, and Noguchi (Vision Research, 82, 58-65, 2013) similarly showed that subjects had trouble binding color with line orientation in the periphery. These authors concluded that performance in the periphery was poor because binding is poor in the periphery. However, both studies used red and green stimuli. We tested an alternative hypothesis, that poor peripheral binding is in part due to poor peripheral red/green color vision. Eccentricity-dependent changes in visual processing cause peripheral red/green vision to be worse than foveal vision. In contrast, blue/yellow vision remains centrifugally more stable. We tested 9 subjects in a replication and extension of Suzuki and colleagues' line orientation judgment, in red and green, and in blue and yellow. There were three central conditions: (1) red (or blue) all horizontal, green (or yellow) all vertical; (2) red (or blue) all vertical, green (or yellow) all horizontal; or (3) random pairing of color and orientation. In both the red/green and the blue/yellow color schemes, peripheral performance was influenced by central line orientation, replicating Suzuki and colleagues. However, the effect with blue/yellow lines was smaller, indicating that poor peripheral "binding," as hypothesized by both Wu and colleagues and Suzuki and colleagues, is due in part to their use of red and green stimuli.
Public–Private Partnership in the Post-soviet Space: Can It Play the Role of an Integrator?

Public–private partnership is of increasing interest in the post-Soviet space. The countries of the former USSR see PPP as an effective tool for infrastructure development solving many socio-economic problems, promoting sustainable economic growth, and improving the living standards of the population. At the same time, PPP development in the former USSR countries is still mainly of the “vertical” model, providing for combining of efforts of the state and business in the national framework. Development of PPP “horizontally,” i.e., giving it a supranational, multilateral character could be useful for these countries not only in terms of promoting development of national infrastructure, but also in terms of expanding the field of their economic cooperation both bilaterally and within the framework of economic associations in which they participate (EAEU, SCO, etc.), to consolidate their efforts in the implementation of mutually beneficial transnational infrastructure projects, as well as to cooperate in achieving the UN sustainable development goals. Based on the study of relevant experience, it is concluded that it is possible and expedient to strengthen mutual cooperation of former USSR countries in the field of PPP by harmonizing their legal and methodological framework, establishing practical cooperation in the implementation of transnational projects of mutual interest.
Introduction: Celebrity and Popular Feminist Visibility

This decade has been characterized by shifts in media culture and production, spurred by technological innovation and the demands of long-excluded groups, which have made it increasingly easy for t...
An evaluation of videogame network architecture performance and security

Abstract The recent introduction of higher reward in videogame competitions is expected to motivate unethical players to pursue opportunities to gain unfair advantages while playing networked videogames. Networked videogames implement a variety of approaches to attain a balance between reliable data transfer and game performance. Certain aspects of these network approaches may be exploited by players to gain unfair advantage or degrade the gaming experience for others. This paper lays the conceptual groundwork for networked videogames by describing common network architectures that facilitate competitive videogame play. These networking concepts are then evaluated for susceptibility to potential exploits. Finally, three current gaming titles are selected as case studies, using the principles established within this paper, to evaluate the effects of client-side exploits, latency, and state synchronization, on competitive game play.
Confronting the “Socialization” Barrier: Cross-Ethnic Differences in Undergraduate Women's Preference for IT Education

This chapter contains sections titled: Method, Being a Woman in the CS/CE Programs, I Am As Good If Not Better, CS/CE Careers for Women, Conclusion and Implications, Acknowledgments, Notes
Finding the Extraordinary in the Ordinary: Case Studies of Spiritual Exemplars:

The constellation of social influences on the development of exemplary spiritual youth includes caregivers, spiritual mentors, and peers, but existing research inadequately captures the cultural an...
Opioid Use Disorder Stigma Reduction Through Story Telling Narrative and Sharing: a Qualitative Review and Lessons Learned

Stigma towards substance use continues to exacerbate the opioid crisis and its detrimental effects, claiming tens of thousands of lives each year. Reducing substance use stigma through evidence-based techniques is crucial to overcoming and eliminating stigma’s imposed barriers. This study, conducted in the USA, employed semi-structured interview transcripts of 32 adults with lived experience of opioid use disorder (OUD), professionals, and family members were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach to identify overarching themes for OUD stigma reduction strategies. Utilizing this lived-experience framework revealed methods to address stigma through interpersonal communication and social interactions. Specifically, using less stigmatizing language, addressing perceptions of persons who experience OUD, employing open communication about OUD to change narratives and beliefs through incorporating messages of hope and recovery, and replacing stigma with empathy and compassion to support recovery. Utilizing individuals with lived experience of OUD offered first-hand insight to identify potential solutions, advance existing literature, and ultimately combat the opioid crisis.
Peter Levenda, The Dark Lord: H. P. Lovecraft, Kenneth Grant, and the Typhonian Tradition in Magic, Henrik Bogdan, ed., Servants of the Star & the Snake: Essays in Honour of Kenneth and Steffi Grant

Peter Levenda, The Dark Lord: H. P. Lovecraft, Kenneth Grant, and the Typhonian Tradition in Magic (Lake Worth, Fl.: Ibis Press, 2013), 352 pp., $35 (hardcover). Henrik Bogdan, ed., Servants of the Star & the Snake: Essays in Honour of Kenneth and Steffi Grant (London: Starfire Publishing, 2018), 360 pp, photographs, £25 (hardcover).
Laser-induced fluorescence of filament-produced plasmas

Self-guided ultrafast laser filaments are a promising method for laser beam delivery and plasma generation for standoff and remote detection of elements and isotopes via filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy (FIBS). Yet, there are several challenges associated with the practical application of FIBS, including delivery of sufficient laser energy at the target for generating plasma with a copious amount of emission signals for obtaining a high signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we use laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to boost the emission signal and reduce self-reversal in the spectral profiles. Ultrafast laser filaments were used to produce plasmas from an Al 6061 alloy target at various standoff distances from 1 to 10 m. For LIF emission enhancement, a narrow linewidth continuous-wave laser was used in resonance with a 394.40 nm Al I resonant transition, and the emission signal was monitored from the directly coupled transition at 396.15 nm. Emission signal features of Al I are significantly enhanced by resonant excitation. In addition, LIF of filament ablation plumes reduces the self-reversal features seen in the thermally excited spectral profiles. Time-resolved two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy was performed for evaluating the optical saturation effects, which are found to be non-negligible due to high Al atomic densities in the filament-produced plasmas.
Plasmodium Ribosomes and Opportunities for Drug Intervention

The translation of mRNA, a fundamental property of all organisms, is carried out by the ribosome. Although the ribosomes of Plasmodium sp. are typically eukaryotic in their sedimentation properties, they do differ from the host by the rRNA having a low G+C base composition. Indeed, antibiotics that selectively disable protein synthesis over defined periods of the developmental cycle or organellar function could play an important role in a better understanding of the molecular events during the developmental cycle of the malaria parasite. Our most detailed knowledge of ribosomal chemistry comes from the study of prokaryotic ribosomes. Within the ribosomal complex lies the machinery that decodes information from the messenger RNA and catalyzes the ordered assembly of amino acids into proteins. Regulation of ribosome production is essential to all cells. The number of ribosomes present in a cell is directly related to the protein synthesizing activity and to the size of the cell. The crystal structure of Thermus thermophilus and Escherichia coli 70S ribosome, along with biochemical data, suggests that ~80% of intersubunit bridges are contributed by RNA-RNA interactions. The functional role of the pseudoknot varies considerably depending on its source. The development and spread of drug resistance are unquestionably tied to the population dynamics of parasite, host, and vector.
Selection of RNA Replicons Capable of Persistent Noncytopathic Replication in Mammalian Cells

The natural life cycle of alphaviruses, a group of plus-strand RNA viruses, involves transmission to vertebrate hosts via mosquitoes. Chronic infections are established in mosquitoes (and usually in mosquito cell cultures), but infection of susceptible vertebrate cells typically results in rapid shutoff of host mRNA translation and cell death. Using engineered Sindbis virus RNA replicons expressing puromycin acetyltransferase as a dominant selectable marker, we identified mutations allowing persistent, noncytopathic replication in BHK-21 cells. Two of these adaptive mutations involved single-amino-acid substitutions in the C-terminal portion of nsP2, the viral helicase-protease. At one of these loci, nsP2 position 726, numerous substitution mutations were created and characterized in the context of RNA replicons and infectious virus. Our results suggest a direct correlation between the level of viral RNA replication and cytopathogenicity. This work also provides a series of alphavirus replicons for noncytopathic gene expression studies (E. V. Agapov, I. Frolov, B. D. Lindenbach, B. M. Pragai, S. Schlesinger, and C. M. Rice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:12989-12994, 1998) and a general strategy for selecting RNA viral mutants adapted to different cellular environments.
Microsomal Synthesis of Fatty Acid Amides

Abstract A microsomal system is described which catalyzes the formation of fatty acid amides of ethanolamine and of several pharmacologically active amines. Although the system has no dependance on external energy sources and has a high Km for the amine substrate, it has several characteristics which differ markedly from an amide hydrolytic system in the microsomes. A possible mechanism for the formation of fatty acid amides is presented and its significance is discussed.
Cytochalasin D alters the rate of synthesis of some HEp-2 cytoskeletal proteins: examination by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

1. The most abundant proteins of HEp-2 cells were resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The protein spots corresponding to several cytoskeletal proteins (vimentin, α-tubulin, β-tubulin, α-actinin, tropomyosins, and cytokeratins) were identified by comigration with protein markers or by immunological techniques. 2. After treatment of HEp-2 cells with 0.2 μM or 2.0 μM cytochalasin D for 20 h, radioautograms of two-dimensional gel patterns of lysates from cells pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine indicated that the drug altered the rate of synthesis of some proteins. The relative rate of synthesis of the identified cytoskeletal proteins was measured. Synthesis of α-actinin, the higher-molecular-mass pair of tropomyosins and actin were similarly increased with cytochalasin D treatment, suggesting coordinate induction. Vimentin and tubulin synthesis was depressed. One cytokeratin exhibited an increase in synthesis comparable to actin, another was increased to a lesser extent and one was decreased.
Enteropathogencity of Escherichia coli I. Evaluation of Mouse Intestinal Loops

A ligated mouse intestinal loop assay has been introduced to evaluate the enteropathogenicity of strains of Escherichia coli. When inoculated as whole cultures, 19 (34%) of 55 strains isolated from diarrheic infants, each of 4 strains associated with diarrhea in human adults, and 5 of 7 strains associated with porcine coli bacillosis were found capable of causing fluid accumulation in this model. In contrast, only 1 of 28 strains isolated from normal individuals was positive in this test. Sterile concentrated filtrates of positive strains cultivated in Brain Heart Infusion broth or syncase broth were also positive, whereas filtrates of negative strains did not cause fluid accumulation. All of the strains associated with diarrhea in human adults and 16 of the 19 positive strains from diarrheic children were also found capable of causing hemagglutination of chicken erythrocytes in a slide test used to evaluate the “adhesiveness” of the bacteria, a property which may enable them to stick in the small bowel and avoid the normally efficient peristaltic clearance mechanism. Few of the nonenteropathogenic strains were positive in this test. The slide hemagglutination test may be a useful, rapid means of screening potentially enteropathic E. coli strains and merits further evaluation and study. Although not ideal, the mouse intestinal loop model offers some advantages over the rabbit ileal loop assay.
TAPA-1, the target of an antiproliferative antibody, defines a new family of transmembrane proteins.

Abstract A murine monoclonal antibody was identified by its ability to induce a reversible antiproliferative effect on a human lymphoma cell line. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed that the antibody reacted with a 26-kilodalton cell surface protein (TAPA-1). A diverse group of human cell lines, including hematolymphoid, neuroectodermal, and mesenchymal cells, expressed the TAPA-1 protein. Many of the lymphoid cell lines, in particular those derived from large cell lymphomas, were susceptible to the antiproliferative effects of the antibody. TAPA-1 may therefore play an important role in the regulation of lymphoma cell growth. A cDNA clone coding for TAPA-1 was isolated by using the monoclonal antibody to screen an expression library in COS cells. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence indicated that the protein is highly hydrophobic and that it contains four putative transmembrane domains and a potential N-myristoylation site. TAPA-1 showed strong homology with the CD37 leukocyte antigen and with the ME491 melanoma-associated antigen, both of which have been implicated in the regulation of cell growth.
Experimental Seismic Fragility of Cold-Formed Steel Framed Gypsum Partition Walls

AbstractAs part of the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation Research (NEESR)-Grand Challenge Project Simulation of the Seismic Performance of Nonstructural Systems, an experimental program was carried out to evaluate the seismic responses, failure mechanisms, and fragilities of cold-formed steel framed gypsum partition walls. Understanding the seismic behavior of building interior partition walls is important because damage to these nonstructural components can initiate at relatively low story drift levels, potentially degrading the overall functionality of the building and contributing toward earthquake economic losses. To this end, in-plane quasi-static and dynamic tests were conducted on 36 partition walls constructed using common construction details. Variables examined on the 16 configurations tested include framing thicknesses, stud connections to top and bottom tracks, wall intersection details, and partial height walls among others. In addition, new details are proposed to increase the dr...