cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A decision support system for audit-staff scheduling with precedence constraints and due dates

A versatile computer model for audit-staff scheduling based on a zero-one integer program was presented by Balachandran and Zoltners [19811 (BZ). This paper extends the work of BZ by demonstrating how precedence constraints, due dates, penalty costs, resource leveling, and other audit considerations can be added to the zero-one integer program for audit scheduling. These additional features help improve the realism of the scheduling model, thus making the model more practical for applications. W ITH rising audit costs, client resistance to audit fee increases, and the growing complexity of audit operations, emphasis must be placed on improving audit planning and control. Since the scheduling of audit activities and manpower is an important aspect of audit planning and control, decision support systems that improve audit scheduling can help provide a better quality and a more cost-effective service. This paper extends the integer programming model developed by Balachandran and Zoltner [1981] (BZ) for audit-staff scheduling. We add mainly (a) precedence constraints among audit tasks, (b) due dates and penalty costs for missing audit deadlines, and (c) a constraint that an auditor cannot process more than one audit task at a time into the integer programming model that serves as the basis of a decision support system.' The objective is to accommodate additional important, practical considerations into the original BZ model so that it can be more practically applied. In the next section, the proposed extensions will be elaborated upon, followed by a section explaining the mathematical formulation of the extended BZ model. Then a numerical example demonstrating the implementation of the extended model is provided. The final section provides the concluding remarks. As explained by BZ [1981, esp. pp. 807-8091, the integer programming approach is superior to the approaches based on linear programming [Summers, 19721 and goal programming [Bailey, Boe, and Schnack, 1974; Balachandran and Steuer, 19821 for audit scheduling. Another heuristic approach was proposed by Chan, Lam, and Cheng [19781 which considers precedence constraints. However, it did not incorporate the variety of audit considerations of the integer programming model. K. Hung Chan is Associate Professor of Accounting and Bajis Dodin is Assistant Professor of Management Science, both at the University of California, Riverside. Manuscript received July 1985. Revision received January 1986. Accepted March 1986.
Na+-K+-ATPase that redistributes to apical membrane during ATP depletion remains functional

We have previously demonstrated using immunocytochemical, histochemical, and biochemical techniques that ischemia in vivo and ATP depletion in vitro result in dissociation of Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetr...
Acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina and non-ST elevation MI).

Introduction In people with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) the incidence of serious adverse outcomes (such as death, acute myocardial infarction [MI], or refractory angina requiring emergency revascularisation) is 5-10% within the first 7 days and about 15% at 30 days. Between 5-14% of people with acute coronary syndrome die in the year after diagnosis, with about half of these deaths occurring within 4 weeks of diagnosis.
A Curriculum to Foster Resident Resilience.

Abstract Introduction Burnout in medical trainees is extensive and a critical issue. It is associated with increased rates of depression, suicide, and poor clinical performance. Enhancing resilienc...
A high-throughput screen for mitochondrial function reveals known and novel mitochondrial toxicants in a library of environmental agents

Mitochondrial toxicity is emerging as a major mechanism underlying serious human health consequences. This work performs a high-throughput screen (HTS) of 176 environmental chemicals for mitochondrial toxicity utilizing a previously reported biosensor platform. This established HTS confirmed known mitochondrial toxins and identified novel mitotochondrial uncouplers such as 2, 2'-Methylenebis(4-chlorophenol) and pentachlorophenol. It also identified a mitochondrial 'structure activity relationship' (SAR) in the sense that multiple environmental chlorophenols are mitochondrial inhibitors and uncouplers. This study demonstrates proof-of-concept that a mitochondrial HTS assay detects known and novel environmental mitotoxicants, and could be used to quickly evaluate human health risks from mitotoxicants in the environment.
Dynamic damping with power electronics: industrial cases

Due to non-linear loads or non-linear behavior of some elements, harmonics currents are injected in the network generating a voltage distortion. To improve the voltage quality, some passive filtering are used to trap these harmonic currents. However a simple passive filter modifies significantly the characteristics of the network by generating a parallel resonance and can create some problems of oscillations and instability when associated with power electronics converters as large rectifiers or static var compensator. To avoid these problems, passive damping with parallel resistors is generally introduced. However this technique generates some losses in the whole filter and alters the efficiency of the filtering. This paper shows that dynamic damping with voltage source converter can contribute to improve the damping without altering the filter efficiency and to optimize the whole losses of the hybrid filter. Two industrial cases are presented: dynamic damping in the case of power supply and dynamic damping in the case of shunt compensation. Extension of this principle in a hybrid filter is presented in this paper with regards on losses and sizing. This article shows the strategic interest of small converters in AC filtering to make it evolute in new techniques associating passive and active elements to form hybrid dynamic damped filter
The Impact of Retail Light Source on Greening of Russet Burbank Potato Tubers

The use of accent lighting in retail stores has focused illumination on potatoes for greater consumer awareness. Unfortunately, this directed light on displayed potatoes may impact the rate or level of tuber greening. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of various retail accent light sources on greening and quality of illuminated tubers. Two separate experiments exposed ‘Russet Burbank’ potato tubers to fiber optic, ceramic metal halide, fluorescent, fluorescent with filter lighting (experiment 1) and fiber optic, halogen, and fluorescent lighting (experiment 2). In each experiment, tubers were exposed to a consistent light intensity (1390 lx in experiment 1 and 1300 lx in experiment 2) in addition to a dark control. Tubers were illuminated for 22 h per day at an ambient room temperature of 22 C. Six randomly selected tubers were evaluated for level of greening, chlorophyll concentration, and weight loss at day 0, 2, 4, 7, and 9. Total glycoalkaloid content was analyzed at days 0 and 9. In experiment 1, the fiber optic and fluorescent illuminated tubers showed significantly lower chlorophyll content compared to the ceramic metal halide light source. There was no significant difference in chlorophyll level or greening rating between the fluorescent light source and fluorescent with filter. In experiment 2, the fiber optic illuminated tubers had lower chlorophyll content and less visual greening compared to the halogen illuminated tubers. Total glycoalkaloids were not significantly impacted by light source. The use of fiber optic lighting or a combination of fiber optic lighting with standard fluorescent lighting would retard the progression of greening in the retail store yet potentially highlight the commodity for consumer eye-appeal.
Terahertz dual-comb spectroscopy using quantum cascade laser frequency combs

We demonstrate THz dual comb spectroscopy of molecular samples using dispersion compensated quantum cascade lasers. The system achieves an optical bandwidth of ∼150 GHz at 2.9 THz and is used to measure ammonia in gas phase.
Reinventing Boston: 1630–2003

The three largest cities in colonial America remain at the core of three of America's largest metropolitan areas today. This paper asks how Boston has been able to survive despite repeated periods of crisis and decline. Boston has reinvented itself three times: in the early 19 th century as the provider of seafaring human capital for a far flung maritime trading and fishing empire; in the late 19 th century as a factory town built on immigrant labor and Brahmin capital; and finally in the late 20 th century as a center of the information economy. In all three instances, human capital--admittedly of radically different forms--provided the secret to Boston's rebirth. The history of Boston suggests that a strong base of skilled workers is a more reliable source of long-run urban health. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.
Navigator-Driven Remote Optimization of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Program Design and Initial feasibility

Introduction Although optimal pharmacological therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is carefully scripted by treatment guidelines, many eligible patients are not treated with guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in clinical practice. We designed a strategy for remote optimization of GDMT on a population scale in patients with HFrEF leveraging non-physician providers. A navigator-led remote medication optimization program will enhance implementation of GDMT in HFrEF patients. Methods An electronic health record-based algorithm was used to identify a cohort of patients with a diagnosis of HF and EF ≤ 40% receiving longitudinal follow up at our center. Those with end-stage HF requiring inotropic support, mechanical circulatory support, or transplantation and those enrolled in hospice or palliative care were excluded. Treating providers were approached for consent to adjust medical therapy according to a sequential, stepped titration algorithm modelled on the current ACC/AHA HF Guidelines. A navigator then facilitated medication adjustments by telephone and conducted longitudinal surveillance of laboratories, blood pressure, and symptoms. Each titration step was reviewed by a pharmacist under supervision of a nurse practitioner and HF cardiologist. Patients were discharged from the program to their primary cardiologist after achievement of an optimal or maximally tolerated regimen. (Figure). Results To date, 615 HFrEF patients have been initially screened for eligibility, of whom 197 (32%) were deemed suitable for remote medication optimization. Further chart review determined 11 (6%) of these patients were already optimized by guidelines. Cardiologists for the remaining 186 patients were approached; provider consent was received for 145 patients (78%). Of these 145 patients, 13 (9%) declined participation, 13 (9%) were unreachable by telephone, and the remaining 119 have been enrolled. Conclusion A navigator-led remote management strategy for optimization of GDMT is feasible for a large proportion of patients with HFrEF and appears acceptable to the vast majority of patients and providers. This approach may represent a scalable population-level strategy for closing the gap between guidelines and clinical practice in patients with HFrEF.
Tumors evading CARs—the chase is on

Acquired resistance to CD19-targeted CAR T cell therapy can occur through mutations in the CD19 gene or after insertion of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) into leukemia cells, resulting in the adjacent receptor being masked by the CAR.
Treatment of Hypertension in Complex Older Adults: How Many Medications Are Needed?

Background: Many older adults with hypertension receive multiple antihypertensives. It is unclear whether treatment with several antihypertensive classes results in greater cardiovascular benefits ...
Two-dimensional quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet at low temperatures.

It is argued that the long-wavelength, low-temperature behavior of a two-dimensional quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet can be described by a quantum nonlinear $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model in two space plus one time dimension, at least in the range of parameters where the model has long-range order at zero temperature. The properties of the quantum nonlinear $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model are analyzed approximately using the one-loop renormalization-group method. When the model has long-range order at $T=0$, the long-wavelength behavior at finite temperatures can be described by a purely classical model, with parameters renormalized by the quantum fluctuations. The low-temperature behavior of the correlation length and the static and dynamic staggered-spin-correlation functions for the quantum antiferromagnet can be predicted, in principle, with no adjustable parameters, from the results of simulations of the classical model on a lattice, combined with a two-loop renormalization-group analysis of the classical nonlinear $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model, a calculation of the zero-temperature spin-wave stiffness constant and uniform susceptibility of the quantum antiferromagnet, and a one-loop analysis of the conversion from a lattice cutoff to the wave-vector cutoff introduced by quantum mechanics when the spin-wave frequency exceeds $\frac{T}{\ensuremath{\hbar}}$. Applying this approach to the spin-\textonehalf{} Heisenberg model on a square lattice, with nearest-neighbor interactions only, we obtain a result for the correlation length which is in good agreement with the data of Endoh et al. on ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, if the spin-wave velocity is assumed to be 0.67 eV $\frac{\AA{}}{\ensuremath{\hbar}}$. We also argue that the data on ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ cannot be easily explained by any model in which an isolated Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ layer would not have long-range antiferromagnetic order at $T=0$. Our theory also predicts a quasielastic peak of a few meV width at 300 K when $k\ensuremath{\xi}\ensuremath{\ll}1$ (where $k$ is wave-vector transfer and $\ensuremath{\xi}$ is the correlation length). The extent to which this dynamical prediction agrees with experiments remains to be seen. In an appendix, we discuss the effect of introducing a frustrating second-nearest-neighbor coupling for the antiferromagnet on the square lattice.
Transcription Increases the Cooperativity of Ribonucleoprotein Assembly

The synthesis of new ribosomes begins during transcription of the rRNA and is widely assumed to follow an orderly 5' to 3' gradient. To visualize co-transcriptional assembly of ribosomal protein-RNA complexes in real time, we developed a single-molecule platform that simultaneously monitors transcription and protein association with the elongating transcript. Unexpectedly, the early assembly protein uS4 binds newly made pre-16S rRNA only transiently, likely due to non-native folding of the rRNA during transcription. Stable uS4 binding became more probable only in the presence of additional ribosomal proteins that bind upstream and downstream of protein uS4 by allowing productive assembly intermediates to form earlier. We propose that dynamic sampling of elongating RNA by multiple proteins overcomes heterogeneous RNA folding, preventing assembly bottlenecks and initiating assembly within the transcription time window. This may be a common feature of transcription-coupled RNP assembly.
Classification of Operators on Finite Dimensional Hilbert Spaces, Generalized Finite Toeplitz Matrices, and Szegö Polynomials

We outline a finite procedure for constructing a list containing exactly one operator from each unitary equivalence class of irreducible operators of norm one on n-dimensional Hilbert space. The list is the union of finitely many parts, each part consisting of a formula with finitely many parameters, the parameters subject to finitely many strict inequalities. Our procedure does not enable us to determine whether two operators are unitarily equivalent by finite computations, since it is necessary to solve algebraic equations to determine to which member of the list a given operator is unitarily equivalent. Thus our synthetic approach is very different from the analytic one of [6]. Other synthetic procedures exist (see [7], [8] and their references). Probably the finite partition of the problem, which is our first step in constructing the list, is more interesting than the list itself. One of the invariants we use is a positive definite “generalized Toeplitz matrix”, and Szego’s one-to-one correspondence between nxn positive definite Toeplitz matrices with 1’s on the main diagonal and degree n−1 monic polynomials having all roots in the open unit disk can be obtained by consideration of a special class of operators.
Richard Edwards’ “Palamon and Arcyte” and the Semi-Textual Basis of Playing

Explanations for the non-survival of a play in the early modern period typically begin by assuming that an originating textual artifact must once have existed. There is an additional possibility. In a theatrical culture where dramatic treatments or bits might circulate or might migrate into later plays through means other than textual remnants, spotty textual survivals and traces could reflect practices associated with a still primarily oral culture. Surviving accounts of the lost ‘Palamon and Arcyte,’ for instance, a work by the children’s chapel troupe author Richard Edwards and performed by college students for Queen’s Elizabeth’s visit to Oxford in 1566, suggest that even in the hyper-literate culture of the university and song school, signs of a semi-textual performance practice and transmission appear.
Effect analysis of handover record applying in supply room

Objective To explore the effects of handover record applying in supply room. Methods From July to December 2017, 9 staff in Supply Department of Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institude of Pediatrics were selected as the research subjects by purposive sampling method. The handover policy was established and a handover record sheet was designed with Excel software. The occurrence of nursing events and the nursing managers' satisfaction towards supply room were compared before and after the application of handover record. Results There were 11 nursing events before the application of handover record, and none after. The service satisfaction rate after the intervention was (52.50±5.25) , which was higher than that before (49.09±8.15) , the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.301, P=0.032) . Conclusions The application of handover record sheet can make the communication smoothly, and improve the quality of shift and the satisfaction of nurse managers. Key words: Nurses; Central supply, hospital; Handover record sheet
Evaluating the Influence of Hemorheological Parameters on Circulating Tumor Cell Trajectory and Simulation Time

Extravasation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) occurs primarily in the microvasculature, where flow and cell interactions significantly affect the blood rheology. Capturing cell trajectory at this scale requires the coupling of several interaction models, leading to increased computational cost that scales as more cells are added or the domain size is increased. In this work, we focus on micro-scale vessels and study the influence of certain hemorheological factors, including the presence of red blood cell aggregation, hematocrit level, microvessel size, and shear rate, on the trajectory of a circulating tumor cell. We determine which of the aforementioned factors significantly affect CTC motion and identify those which can potentially be disregarded, thus reducing simulation time. We measure the effect of these elements by studying the radial CTC movement and runtime at various combinations of these hemorheological parameters. To accurately capture blood flow dynamics and single cell movement, we perform high-fidelity hemodynamic simulations at a sub-micron resolution using our in-house fluid dynamics solver, HARVEY. We find that increasing hematocrit increases the likelihood of tumor cell margination, which is exacerbated by the presence of red blood cell aggregation. As microvessel diameter increases, there is no major CTC movement towards the wall; however, including aggregation causes the CTC to marginate quicker as the vessel size increases. Finally, as the shear rate is increased, the presence of aggregation has a diminished effect on tumor cell margination.
Endoscopic management of transvaginal mesh kit bladder extrusion: A case report and literature review:

Objective:A rare complication of transvaginal synthetic mesh kits is bladder mesh extrusion. Treatment options include abdominal or vaginal surgical mesh excision or endoscopic mesh vaporization. T...
Dynamical ${\frak{sl}}_2$ Bethe algebra and functions on pairs of quasi-polynomials

We consider the space $\text{Fun}_{\frak{sl}_2}V[0]$ of functions on the Cartan subalgebra of $\frak{sl}_2$ with values in the zero weight subspace $V[0]$ of a tensor product of irreducible finite-dimensional $\frak{sl}_2$-modules. We consider the algebra $\mathcal B$ of commuting differential operators on $\text{Fun}_{\frak{sl}_2}\,V[0]$, constructed by V.Rubtsov, A.Silantyev, D.Talalaev in 2009. We describe the relations between the action of $\mathcal B$ on $\text{Fun}_{\frak{sl}_2}V[0]$ and spaces of pairs of quasi-polynomials.
Group minds as extended minds

Despite clear overlap between the study of extended minds and the study of group minds, these research programs have largely been carried out independently. Moreover, whereas proponents of the exte...
Effects of macromolecular crowding on the folding of a polymer chain: A Wang-Landau simulation study

A flexible polymer chain in the presence of inert macromolecular crowders will experience a loss of configurational entropy due to the crowder excluded volume. This entropy reduction will be most pronounced in good solvent conditions where the chain assumes an expanded coil conformation. For polymers that undergo a folding transition from a coil to a compact ordered state, as is the case for many globular proteins, macromolecular crowding is expected to stabilize the folded state and thereby shift the transition location. Here, we study such entropic stabilization effects for a tangent square-well sphere chain (monomer diameter σ) in the presence of hard-sphere (HS) crowders (diameter D ≥ σ). We use the Wang–Landau simulation algorithm to construct the density of states for this chain in a crowded environment and are thus able to directly compute the reduction in configurational entropy due to crowding. We study both a chain that undergoes all-or-none folding directly from the coil state and a chain that folds via a collapsed-globule intermediate state. In each case, we find an increase in entropic stabilization for the compact states with an increase in crowder density and, for fixed crowder density, with a decrease in crowder size (concentrated, small crowders have the largest effect). The crowder significantly reduces the average size for the unfolded states while having a minimal effect on the size of the folded states. In the athermal limit, our results directly provide the confinement free energy due to crowding for a HS chain in a HS solvent.
Enhanced nonlinear least squares for power system frequency estimation with phase jump immunity

Abstract Nonlinear least squares (NLLS) fitting is a method that can be used for estimating power system signal parameters. NLLS algorithms posit a model for the measured signal and then fit the model to the data by finding the parameters that minimize the sum of squared error between the measurements and model predictions. Here, we focus on the particular problem of frequency estimation and show that the NLLS algorithm is flexible enough to be made immune to harmonic distortion, DC offset, and phase imbalances. Tools for tuning the algorithm for desired noise/bandwidth performance are presented. Finally, a new method for estimating frequency in the presence of phase jumps is presented and tested. The new algorithm is capable of estimation in the presence of phase and amplitude jumps with near-zero error. This performance is shown to be vastly superior to two benchmark algorithms.
Don't Waste that Free Lettuce! Impact of BOGOF Promotions on Waste

Buy-One-Get-One-Free (BOGOF), a ubiquitous sales promotion scheme by which one can get two items for the price of one, encourages consumers to buy and waste food. Motivated by the initiative of a major retailer, we consider an alternative promotional scheme where consumers receive a coupon for a second item available for free at a later time; a move which was promoted as an attempt to curb waste. We develop a two-period Newsvendor model for the sale of a perishable product under the two promotional schemes using an aggregate demand formulation. We obtain analytical comparisons of order quantities, profits and waste and use numerical experiments to generate further insights. We find that delaying when consumers receive the free item often leads to a win-win proposition: the retailer makes more profit and the fraction of product wasted by both the retailer and the consumers is reduced. Yet, interestingly, we find that for high gross margin products, the traditional implementation of BOGOF can be also be a win-win strategy compared to not running a promotion and compared to delaying the free item. We also find that the BOGOF promotion scheme can actually be an effective waste-reduction strategy for seasonal products. Overall our results paint a more favorable picture of this promotional scheme than commonly perceived and suggest that its environmental criticism emanates from a too narrow and too consumer-centric view of the waste problem.
Multivalent interactions make adherens junction-cytoskeletal linkage robust during morphogenesis

Embryogenesis requires cells to change shape and move without disrupting epithelial integrity. This requires robust, responsive linkage between adherens junctions and the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Using Drosophila morphogenesis we define molecular mechanisms mediating junction-cytoskeletal linkage and explore the role of mechanosensing. We focus on the junction-cytoskeletal linker Canoe, a multidomain protein. We engineered the canoe locus to define how its domains mediate its mechanism of action. To our surprise, the PDZ and FAB domains, which we thought connected junctions and F-actin, are not required for viability or mechanosensitive recruitment to junctions under tension. The FAB domain stabilizes junctions experiencing elevated force, but in its absence most cells recover, suggesting redundant interactions. In contrast, the Rap1-binding RA domains are critical for all Cno functions and for enrichment at junctions under tension. This supports a model in which junctional robustness derives from a large protein network assembled via multivalent interactions, with proteins at network nodes and some node connections more critical than others.
Boosting positive mood in medical and emergency personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic: preliminary evidence of efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of a novel online ambulatory intervention.

Objectives The aim of this project was to test the efficacy of a brief and novel online ambulatory intervention aimed at supporting psychological health and well-being for medical personnel and first responders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Interested participants, n=28, actively employed as medical personnel, support staff and emergency responders, in the Midwestern USA in May–June of 2020, provided informed consent and were randomised to complete either low-dose or high-dose intervention, one time daily for 1 week via smartphone application. Each daily intervention included expressive writing, adaptive emotion regulation activity and (one vs two) positive emotion-generation activities, lasting 3–6 min a day. Ratings of negative and positive emotion were provided before and after each activity daily. Analyses tested compliance, acceptability, as well as efficacy at increasing positive emotion and decreasing negative emotion with each use and across time. Results The results indicated a 13% increase in positive emotion, t(25)=2.01, p=0.056; and decrease in negative emotion by 44%, t(25)=−4.00, p=0.001 across both doses. However, there was a clear advantage for individuals in the high-dose condition as daily boosts in positive emotion were significantly greater (an additional 9.4%) B=0.47, p=0.018. Overall, compliance was good. Acceptability ratings were good for those who completed the follow-up assessment. Conclusion Front-line personnel, including medical staff and emergency responders, are experiencing unprecedented psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This investigation suggests both feasibility and efficacy for a brief, daily, ambulatory intervention which could provide essential psychological support to individuals at risk in the workplace.
Immunohistological Examination of AKT Isoforms in the Brain: Cell-Type Specificity That May Underlie AKT's Role in Complex Brain Disorders and Neurological Disease

Protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) is a central kinase involved in many neurobiological processes. AKT is expressed in the brain as three isoforms, AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3. Previous studies suggest isoform-specific roles in neural function, but very few studies have examined AKT isoform expression at the cellular level. In this study, we use a combination of histology, immunostaining, and genetics to characterize cell-type-specific expression of AKT isoforms in human and mouse brains. In mice, we find that AKT1 is the most broadly expressed isoform, with expression in excitatory neurons and the sole detectable AKT isoform in gamma-aminobutyric acid ergic interneurons and microglia. By contrast, we find that AKT2 is the sole isoform expressed in astroglia and is not detected in other neural cell types. We find that AKT3 is expressed in excitatory neurons with AKT1 but shows greater expression levels in dendritic compartments than AKT1. We extend our analysis to human brain tissues and find similar results. Using genetic deletion approaches, we also find that the cellular determinants restricting AKT isoform expression to specific cell types remain intact under Akt deficiency conditions. Because AKT signaling is linked to numerous neurological disorders, a greater understanding of cell-specific isoform expression could improve treatment strategies involving AKT.
Mental Processes in the Nonverbal Hemisphere

Studies of patients with unilateral cerebral lesions or with commissurotomy and of normal individuals show that the two sides of the brain are functionally asymmetric. Although the right hemisphere manifests profound deficiencies in language, it is superior to the left hemisphere in tasks requiring a good understanding of spatial relationships or memory for experiences resistant to verbal description. However, in recent years, some have suggested that only the left hemisphere is conscious, and others have proposed that the right hemisphere only surpasses the left for tasks involving spatial/manipulative skills of the hands. Evidence bearing on these issues is reviewed, and its relevance for understanding the animal mind is discussed.
Isolation, Mapping, and Characterization of Trehalaseless Mutants of Neurospora crassa

Mutant strains of Neurospora crassa that lack trehalase and are unable to grow on trehalose were isolated, and the gene (tre) was positioned on the right arm of linkage group I. Maltase and beta-galactosidase activities are almost identical in tre(-) strains, whereas that of invertase was reduced by more than half and those of acid phosphatase and amylase were somewhat increased. Heterocaryons between standard and trehalaseless strains yield less than one-tenth the activity of the former. In addition, strains with duplications heterozygous for trehalase produce less than 1% of the activity of the standard strain. An inhibitor of trehalase has been found in tre(-) strains; its sensitivity to heat and proteolysis, and its nondialyzability suggest that this substance is a protein. The mig gene, which determines the rate of migration of trehalase on acrylamide gels, has been shown to be less than 1 map unit away from the tre gene.
Lectures on Topological Quantum Field Theory

What follows are lecture notes about Topological Quantum Field Theory. While the lectures were aimed at physicists, the content is highly mathematical in its style and motivation. The subject of Topological Quantum Field Theory is young and developing rapidly in many directions. These lectures are not at all representative of this activity, but rather reflect particular interests of the author.
Physiological state of human embryonic lung cells affects their response to human cytomegalovirus

Cultures of human embryonic lung (HEL) cells in different physiological states were studied for their susceptibility to infection with human cytomegalovirus (CMV) with respect to production of infectious virus, synthesis of viral antigens, and virus-induced stimulation of cellular DNA synthesis. In general, subconfluent, actively growing cells yielded higher amounts of infectious virus than did confluent contact-inhibited cells. The higher yield of infectious virus was correlated with a greater percentage of cells producing viral antigens within the first 48 h after infection. In confluent cultures, 25 to 50% of the cells produced viral antigens within the first 48 h postinfection. This proportion did not change over a 10-fold range of multiplicity of infection, indicating that many of the cells in confluent cultures did not support productive infection. However, virtually all the cells in subconfluent cultures were susceptible. Also, in contrast to herpes simplex virus and pseudorabies virus, infectious CMV is not produced by cells treated with 5-fluorouracil and thymidine. Virus-induced stimulation of cellular DNA synthesis in cells infected at high multiplicities of infection could be detected only in confluent cultures, in which cellular DNA synthesis had been previously suppressed, but could not be detected in similarly treated cultures of subconfluent cells. The lack of detectable stimulation of cellular DNA synthesis in the latter was related to the fact that practically all the cells in the culture synthesized viral antigens within the first 48 h after infection, productive infection and detectable synthesis of cellular DNA being mutually exclusive.
Comparisons of two moments-based estimators that utilize historical and paleoflood data for the log Pearson type III distribution

[1] The expected moments algorithm (EMA) [Cohn et al., 1997] and the Bulletin 17B [Interagency Committee on Water Data, 1982] historical weighting procedure (B17H) for the log Pearson type III distribution are compared by Monte Carlo computer simulation for cases in which historical and/or paleoflood data are available. The relative performance of the estimators was explored for three cases: fixed-threshold exceedances, a fixed number of large floods, and floods generated from a different parent distribution. EMA can effectively incorporate four types of historical and paleoflood data: floods where the discharge is explicitly known, unknown discharges below a single threshold, floods with unknown discharge that exceed some level, and floods with discharges described in a range. The B17H estimator can utilize only the first two types of historical information. Including historical/paleoflood data in the simulation experiments significantly improved the quantile estimates in terms of mean square error and bias relative to using gage data alone. EMA performed significantly better than B17H in nearly all cases considered. B17H performed as well as EMA for estimating X100 in some limited fixed-threshold exceedance cases. EMA performed comparatively much better in other fixed-threshold situations, for the single large flood case, and in cases when estimating extreme floods equal to or greater than X500. B17H did not fully utilize historical information when the historical period exceeded 200 years. Robustness studies using GEV-simulated data confirmed that EMA performed better than B17H. Overall, EMA is preferred to B17H when historical and paleoflood data are available for flood frequency analysis.
Comparative Analysis of Functional Wrist Brace and Wrist Angle on Maximal Grasp Strength

Wrist braces have been used in the industry with the notion that they would restrict the range of motion of the wrist to an extent that it would decrease the risk of CTS during forceful repetitive tasks and enhance productivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the functional wrist brace, wrist angle, and fatigue on maximal grasp strength. Fourteen male and sixteen female college students participated in the study utilizing a soft brace, a hard brace, and no brace in three different static wrist positions (45° flexion, neutral, and 45° extension) prior to and after fatigue to determine the effect on maximal grasp strength measured by a computerized wrist dynamometer. The results of the ANOVA indicated that grasp strength was significantly greater when the wrist was in the flexion position followed by neutral, then wrist extension. However, brace type and fatigue states did not produce statistically significantly different grasp strengths overall. Therefore, the position a grasping ...
Nitrogen fixation in hardwood forests of the northeastern United States

Nitrogen-fixing activity in hardwood forests of the northeastern United States occurred in wood litter, greater than 2 cm in diameter. Activity in large dead wood was independent of species, in the case of deciduous wood litter, but was restricted to partially decayed wood with a high moisture content. Maximum rates of activity were observed in the summer months, minimum rates in the winter. Evidence from six stands of varying ages showed that fixation in large wood litter occurred in only 25% of the samples assayed. Fixation was highest in the youngest, 4 years, and oldest, over 200 years, stands; being about 2 kg/ha/yr. The quantity of nitrogen fixed appears to be related to the biomass of dead wood. Large amounts of wood litter in the youngest stands were from slash left after cutting. As the supply of slash is exhausted by decay, nitrogen fixation decreases, with a low around year 20. Fixation then gradually increases as natural thinning adds wood to the litter compartment. Apparently, the amount of nitrogen fixed in dead wood the first 20 years following clearcutting can only replace a modest fraction of the amount lost as a result of the cutting and product removal. Finally, the results indicate that nitrogen fixation in wood litter does not equal nitrogen fixation in a northern hardwood forest calculated using a mass balance approach, suggesting that additional nitrogen inputs exist.
Computing 3-D steady supersonic flow via a new Lagrangian approach

The new Lagrangian method introduced by Loh and Hui (1990) is extended for 3-D steady supersonic flow computation. Details of the conservation form, the implementation of the local Riemann solver, and the Godunov and the high resolution TVD schemes are presented. The new approach is robust yet accurate, capable of handling complicated geometry and reactions between discontinuous waves. It keeps all the advantages claimed in the 2-D method of Loh and Hui, e.g., crisp resolution for a slip surface (contact discontinuity) and automatic grid generation along the stream.
An Insulin Protocol for Management of Hyperglycemia in Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition Is Superior to Ad Hoc Management

Background: The authors investigated whether an insulin protocol for parenteral nutrition (PN)–induced hyperglycemia is superior to conventional management relying primarily on sliding-scale insulin at a large county hospital. Methods: A prospective cohort study with historical controls was completed. Adult patients receiving PN were managed with a protocol that determined insulin doses based on carbohydrate delivery and capillary blood glucose (CBG) if half or more of CBG measurements in the first 24 hours after initiation of PN exceeded 140 mg/dL. Control data were obtained from records of patients who met study eligibility criteria but had been managed before implementation of the insulin protocol. Results: Mean CBG after the start of insulin therapy was 138 ± 37 mg/dL for protocol patients and 159 ± 46 mg/dL for controls (P < .0001). Proportion of CBG values in the target range of 80–140 mg/dL was 60% in the protocol group and 35% in the control group (P < .0001). Hypoglycemia, defined as CBG <80 mg/d...
Throughput time distribution analysis for a one-block warehouse

We develop discrete time models for the throughput time distribution of orders arriving to a one-block warehouse. The models accommodate single- or multi-line orders, and we show how to use them to determine the optimal batch size, given a desired probability of on-time order fulfillment. Experiments suggest that the optimal batch size is slightly higher than one would choose if minimizing average throughput time.
The Evolution of a National Urban Development Strategy in Hungary

National urban-development strategies represent government attempts to influence one or more of the following features of urban development in a national context: (1) a country's rate of urbanization; (2) the size of particular urban places within a country; and (3) the city-size distribution of a country's national urban hierarchy. Hungary's post-Second-World-War experience with a national urban development strategy is presented via a description of government efforts to affect each of the aforementioned features of urban development.
Pulmonary metastasectomy for pediatric solid tumors.

Most pediatric thoracic malignancy is pulmonary disease secondary to solid tumors of childhood. The management of isolated pulmonary metastases in adulthood is well documented. Little has been published to document the long-term outcome of pulmonary metastasectomy in childhood. A retrospective study was undertaken to assess the results of surgery for isolated pulmonary metastases. Twenty children underwent surgery over 12 years (mean follow-up 8 years). Five had Wilms’ tumor (mean age 51 months), eight had osteogenic sarcoma (mean age 141 months), three had rhabdomyosarcoma (mean age 92 months), two had hepatoblastoma (mean age 30 months) and two had teratoma (mean age 72 months). Four had bilateral synchronous metastases and thoracotomies, and one had bilateral metachronous metastases and thoracotomies. Nineteen children were discharged well within 10 days of surgery. There was one early complication: a death due to pneumonia. Four children subsequently died postoperatively with cranial metastases (mean 29 months postoperatively). The remaining 16 children remain alive and well. As part of the combined therapy, these results would support an aggressive surgical approach to this disease. Preoperative assessment should include contrast enhanced computed tomogram of the head and chest as well as chest X-ray taken immediately preoperatively to exclude metastases. Bilateral synchronous and metachronous thoracotomy is well tolerated in childhood.
Prognostic parameters in invasive vulvar cancer.

Prognostic parameters were studied in 66 patients with invasive squamous cell vulvar cancer treated with radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal and femoral lymph node dissection. Patients with metastases in regional lymph nodes had a 46% survival for 3 or more years compared to 76.3% in patients without evidence of nodal spread. The presence of lymph nodal metastases correlated directly with stage, lesion size, depth of invasion, and the presence of lymph-vascular space involvement with tumor. However, even the best prognostic groups had a 30% incidence of positive nodes. No patient with less than 5 mm of stromal invasion without vascular involvement had positive nodes. These preliminary data suggest that careful observation of vascular space invasion by tumor cells together with measurement of the depth of stromal invasion may help define a group of patients with vulvar cancer that can be treated conservatively. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in larger numbers of patients.
Reactivity of substituted charged phenyl radicals toward components of nucleic acids.

Reactions of differently substituted phenyl radicals with components of nucleic acids have been investigated in the gas phase. A positively charged group located meta with respect to the radical si...
Interactive Effects of Mnemonic Aids and Instructions for Use on Recall by Fifth Grade Readers

The present study was designed to examine interactive effects on recall of memory aids and special instructions in their use. While combined mnemonics facilitated recall, the performance of individuals instructed to use a single memory aid was directly influenced by their reading skills.
Apparent entropy, residual entropy, causality, metastability, constraints, and the glass transition

Abstract A thermodynamic framework for the investigation of ‘residual entropy’ and related phenomena is developed, expanding and clarifying the work of Kivelson and Reiss and the important work of several other investigators. The main difficulties encountered in the development of such a framework are the need to deal with constrained equilibrium as well as to include irreversible processes in the overall study. These challenges are met by using the device of auxiliary constraints and the equivalent equilibrated states that they produce. The importance of a thermodynamic framework is tied to the fact that evolving molecular theories of residual entropy, which also impact the glass transition, no matter how sophisticated, invariably contain approximations whose effects are hard to assess. Thus a thermodynamic framework provides a vehicle within which the internal consistency of a theory can be tested. Phenomena that are treated in such a framework, along with others, are those mentioned in the title of this paper. The concept of residual entropy , its reality or unreality, is often considered to be an unimportant issue. The findings of this paper, besides emphasizing the unreality of residual entropy, show that the question of its existence is a significant one. Among other things, the fundamental principle of causality is involved and we should not be so cavalier as to dispense with it. Among other rigorous analysis we present an argument involving an ideal binary solution whose behavior as the limiting behavior of a real solution provides access, in principle, to experiment. The argument does make the generally accepted assumption that, at equilibrium at 0 K, pure crystals of the binary system’s components have zero entropy. It strongly suggests that residual entropy, in general, is an impression that stems from the inclusion of an irreversible step in an experimental thermodynamic cycle.
The Mark 1 Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer

Design features of the broadband, high resolution Mark 1 Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer (SHS) which eliminate aberrations in the fringe imaging system, suppress ghosts, and enhance thermal stability are reviewed. Applications of this SHS are described.