cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
You Could Truly Be Yourself If You Just Weren't You: Sexuality, Disabled Body Space, and the (Neo)Liberal Politics of Self-Help

Recent work in disability studies has drawn attention to the changing relationship between the visual representations of disability and contemporary US capitalism. One change identified is a newfou...
Agritourism in the Arkansas delta byways: assessing the economic impacts.

Large parts of rural USA are seeing gradual decline in economic fortunes. The small and medium scale farms are especially dwindling in numbers and their incomes are stagnating. Towards revitalizing the rural agrarian economies, agritourism is being seen as a catalyst to supplement income and trigger economic growth in some parts of the USA. This study focuses on a 15-county region in the Arkansas Delta Byways (ADB) predominantly dependent on agriculture. The study uses agritourism visitor and expenditure data to estimate the baseline economic impacts in 2007 and predict potential impacts in 2012 on the region's economy. The study is conducted in two stages; the first stage involves statistical predictions of future agritourism visitors using time series extrapolation models. In the second stage, an input–output (I–O) framework is used to estimate the economic impacts relating to sales, employment, income and tax revenue to federal, state and local governments. Three alternate scenarios, where the agritourism visitors as a percentage of total visitors increases from the baseline level to hypothetical higher levels as a result of the state's agritourism promotion and initiatives are examined, and the net economic gain from additional visitors are estimated. Findings suggest that farms will benefit from increases in income but do not see any significant increase in jobs mainly due to the family nature of the enterprises. Economic benefits from on-farm hunting far outstrip other agritourism activities and their impacts reverberate across many other sectors of the local economy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Vocabulary of the Annales Fuldenses

TO the uninitiated, who form their conclusion from a comparison of the imposing exterior of the seven volumes of DuCange with the modest single volume of Harper's Latin Dictionary, the contribution of the Middle Ages to the vocabulary of Mediaeval Latin is likely to be greatly exaggerated; to the occasional reader of mediaeval literary texts who is forced to seek aid from these volumes the impression is possibly even more exaggerated, since he finds that in spite of its bulk this great work so often fails him. Even scholars who have more than a speaking acquaintance with DuCange will not agree. The theologian, for whom DuCange is an encyclopaedia rather than a dictionary, may entertain the belief that the work is fairly complete; the historian will not be so optimistic, though opinion may vary with the character of the text he happens to be reading. At the opposite extreme from the theologian will be found the student of literature; a scholar working in the field of Mediaeval Latin poetry has gone on record with the statement that he has consulted DuCange many times and has invariably been disappointed. For the first misconception mentioned above the encyclopaedic character of DuCange is to blame, for the second the fact that its interests are so largely theological. It is the purpose of the present article to analyze the vocabulary of a short Mediaeval Latin text and to indicate the extent and character of the new elements that have entered into it.1 The text chosen is the so-called Annales Fuldenses for the years 838-887 (ed. Kurze, pp. 29-107), the Latinity of which reveals a command of language on the part of the writer and a control of syntax that can scarcely be paralleled in the chronicles of the time. The subject matter and the simple style has enabled the writer to content himself with a vocabulary of comparatively modest dimensions; the choice of words is
Trends in Crash Detection and Occupant Restraint Technology

In the past two decades, occupant restraint systems for automobiles have made considerable progress globally. There has been a tremendous increase in the complexity and sophistication of functional requirements. Particularly significant in the overall evolution of restraint systems is the growth in electronics content, which is concurrent with similar phenomena in the automotive world, as well as in many other technology-related fields. In conjunction with this trend, the shift to digital components and subsystems expanded, while the design of restraint systems has become more diversified with enhanced adaptability and flexibility. In addition to the airbags that are standardized for passenger vehicles, there has been a whole spectrum of emerging safety features that provide additional safety improvements. For example, rollover and occupant sensing are being added onto an integrated occupant protection system. Global positioning systems are coupled with crash sensors into emergency notification services. Increasingly, vehicles are now being equipped with active safety systems. The availability of both passive restraints and active safety functions will allow an additional layer of synergistic integration across safety systems. Research and developments in vehicular safety can be expected to remain active in the foreseeable future. This paper describes the system-level design trends that have occurred in the past and offers a perspective of future design transition in automotive restraint systems
An experimental study of the reactions of excited neon atoms in pure afterglow plasmas using resonance absorption spectrometry

Resonance absorption spectrometry has been applied in a room temperature study of the reactions of excited neon atoms in pure afterglow plasmas. The pressure range 10-500 Torr was investigated. Lorentz broadened linewidths calculated using a simple classical interruption theory allowed fractional absorption signals as large as 98% to be analysed and absolute excited-state concentrations to be determined. The first absorption studies of the decay of 1P1 excited atoms in neon afterglows are reported. Analysis of the decay profiles of the 3P2, 3P0 and 1P1 excited states allowed quenching rate coefficients for each state to be determined and the role of neutral atoms and electrons in the afterglow relaxation to be studied. The importance of charge neutralisation of the dimer ion Ne2+ as an afterglow source of 1P1 excited atoms was established in this study.
A theoretical analysis of child abuse remediation strategies

Abstract Research on child maltreatment highlights three basic theoretical models to account for the etiology of child abuse and neglect: (1) the psychiatric model emphasizes the role of the individual abuser; (2) the sociological model highlights the role of social forces in abuse; and (3) the effect of child on caregiver model points toward the role the child plays in stimulating his own maltreatment. As a result of these differing perspectives, each model suggests distinctly different strategies for the prevention and treatment of child abuse. Approaches to remediating this disturbing social problem, founded on these three models, are systematically reviewed and critically examined in this paper. The conclusion is reached that only strategies based upon a serious consideration of all three models, and thus addressing problems of the abuser, the victim, and the society, can hope to be successful in significantly reducing the incidence of child maltreatment.
Regulation of catecholamine-responsive adenylate cyclase activity in rat reticulocyte membranes by endogenous factors: general characteristics and resolution into protein and nucleotide components

A 100 000 X g soluble, supernatant fraction obtained from the hemolysate of rat reticulocytes was studied for its effect upon catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity in reticulocyte membranes. The supernatant material, devoid of adenylate cyclase activity itself, amplified isoproterenol-dependent activity in responsive membranes and was an essential requirement for the expression of hormone sensitivity in membranes rendered unresponsive to isoproterenol alone. The increment in catecholamine-associated activity conferred upon reticulocyte membranes by the supernatant material was beta-adrenergic because it did not affect basal or fluoride-related activity and was completely inhibited by propranolol. Guanine nucleotides were present in the supernatant but could account for only a fraction of the total activity because the supernatant was able to cause greater stimulation than maximal concentrations of GTP and when specified concentrations of exogenous GTP were compared with equivalent nucleotide concentrations in the supernatant, the supernatant always led to greater activity. The supernatant was resolved into protein-and nucleotide-containing components by ion-exchange chromatography. Each component was approximately one-half as active in amplifying catecholamine-dependent adenylate cyclase as the unresolved, crude supernatant material. The activity eluted in the first peak of the DEAE chromatogram was resistant to alkaline phosphatase, sensitive to trypsin, not dialyzable and contained no detectable concentrations of GTP or GDP. In contrast, the activity eluted the second peak of the DEAE chromatogram was sensitive to alkaline phophatase, resistant to trypsin, completely dialyzable and contained both GTP (30 microM) and GDP (10 microM) in significant concentrations. Neither the crude supernatant nor its two active components affected the binding of [125I]-iodohydroxybenzylpindolol to reticulocyte membranes. These observations establish in rat reticulocytes the presence of protein and guanine nucleotide constituents which have independent influences upon the catecholamine-responsive adenylate cyclase of reticulocyte membranes.
Portal Vein Pseudoaneurysm with Portoenteric Fistula: An Unusual Cause for Massive Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple's procedure) is a commonly performed procedure for the treatment of pancreatic malignancies. Postoperative bleeding from adjacent arteries is a well-established complication of this procedure. This article describes an unusual case of massive gastrointestinal bleeding following pancreaticoduodenectomy due to the development of a portal vein pseudoaneurysm with a portoenteric fistula. The diagnosis was confirmed with multidetector computed tomography angiography; the different endovascular treatment options are discussed.
Functional and structural changes in the chinchilla cochlea and vestibular system following round window application of carboplatin

OBJECTIVE: In chinchillas, moderate doses of carboplatin administered systemically selectively destroy inner hair cells and type I vestibular hair cells; however, it is unclear whether this unique damage pattern persists if carboplatin is applied directly to the cochlea, how quickly the damage develops and what cell death pathways are involved. STUDY DESIGN: To address these questions, carboplatin (5 mg/ml, 50 µl) was applied to the round window. RESULTS: Carboplatin caused a rapid decline in distortion product otoacoustic emissions, significantly increased compound action potential thresholds and caused massive inner hair cell loss and less severe outer hair cell loss. Hair cell loss was initially more severe in the base than the apex of the cochlea, but by 28 days post-treatment most cochlear hair cells were missing and hair cell density in the utricle, saccule and lateral crista was greatly reduced. At one day post-treatment, many hair cell nuclei were condensed or fragmented indicative of apoptosis, and expressed initiator caspase-8 and executioner caspase-3, but not initiator caspase-9. Carboplatin-treated animals circled towards the treated ear and during the swim test rolled towards the treated ear. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that local application of carboplatin causes loss of hair cells that begins near the base of the cochlea and spreads towards the apex with increasing survival time. Hair cell loss is initiated by caspase-8 followed by executioner caspase-3.
Influence and Involvement in Children's Discourse: Age, Gender, and Partner Effects

Children's discourse with peers was examined in relation to speaker gender, partner gender, and age level. 138 children were matched with either a same- or an other-gender peer at the early childhood and middle childhood age levels (median ages = 5 and 7 years) and asked to play with puppets for 10 min. Speech acts were coded as either collaborative (affiliative involvement and direct influence), controlling (distancing involvement and direct influence), obliging (affiliative involvement and nondirect influence), or withdrawing (distancing involvement and nondirect influence). Girls' and boys' communication patterns were more similar than different. However, gender-related differences with medium to large effect sizes were found. Gender-typed communications were more likely at the middle childhood than the early childhood age level and in same-gender than mixed-gender dyads. The findings are interpreted in terms of developmental and contextual accounts of gender and social behavior. Recommendations for future research are offered.
A method to distinguish between pore and carrier kinetics applied to urea transport across the erythrocyte membrane.

Permeability coefficients (P) measured at various penetrant concentrations (C) by the perturbation method can be plotted to distinguish simple diffusion, simple pore kinetics and simple carrier kinetics as follows: for simple diffusion, 1/P = constant; for a simple pore, 1/P = 1/P0 + 1/P0[1/Kin + 1/K0]C; for a simple carrier, 1/P = 1/P0 + 1/P0[1/Kin + 1/K0]C + 1/P0[1/(K3K4)]C2 where P0 is the maximal permeability at zero penetrant concentration and the K's are combinations of kinetic constabts defining each of the transport steps. (Kinand K0 are the half-saturation constant for zero-trans efflux and influx, respectively; K3 is the half-saturation constant for equilibrium exchange, and K4 is related to the mobility of the free carrier.) In human erythrocytes, permeability coefficients for diethylene glycol were constant suggesting simple diffusion. For glucose, a plot of 1/P versus concentration was nonlinear indicating carrier kinetics. Plots of 1/P versus penetrant concentrations gave straight lines with positive slopes for urea in human and bovine erythrocytes and for methylurea in human red cells, indicating these penetrants follow simple pore kinetics or simple carrier kinetics in which K4 is very large.
High Energy Nuclear Collisions

The field of nucleus-nucleus collisions at “ultrarelativistic” energies is surveyed with emphasis on photon and lepton measurements. Prospects for future experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider are discussed.
Chebyshev Approximation and Threshold Functions

Where previous authors have considered linear approximations with a minimum sum of squared differences, we consider, instead, Chehyshev linear approximations, which minimize the maximum deviation. We obtain thus: 1) A new characterization of threshold functions, 2) A characterization of optimal threshold realizations as being virtually identical to the Chebyshev-best linear approximations, and 3) A new insight into the test-synthesis problem with which we opened this note.
Micellar shape distribution in the isotropic phase near a prolate-to-oblate nematic phase transition

The Cotton-Mouton coefficient was measured as a function of temperature and concentration in the isotropic phase of the ternary system potassium laurate (KL), 1-decanol, and D 2 O. Based on a micellar picture of mixed rods and disks, and in the context of an entropy model for hard cylinders, the data indicate the relative fraction of rods and disks as the KL concentration is adjusted in the vicinity of the isotropic - rod-like nematic - disk-like nematic coexistence point on the concentration-temperature phase diagram. This data complements X-ray scattering results in the nematic phase Mesure du coefficient Cotton-Mouton en fonction de la temperature et de la concentration dans la phase isotrope du systeme ternaire laurate de potassium-decanol-1-D 2 O. Analyse des resultats dans le cadre d'un modele ou la solution est un melange de cylindres (tiges) et de disques, les interactions entre cylindres etant de nature entropique. On obtient ainsi les fractions relatives de cylindres et de disques de part et d'autre du point de coexistence entre la phase isotrope «a tiges» et la phase nematique » a disques». Ces resultats completent les donnees RX existantes obtenues dans la phase nematique
Event based content fusion in opportunistic environments

Content dissemination schemes in Opportunistic Networks (ONs) typically do not take advantage of the semantic similarity that might exist between two or more content data. However, content in opportunistic environments, share similarities as well as exhibit temporal, spatial and causal orderings among each other. In this research proposal, we propose the concept of content fusion in opportunistic networks where content is primarily generated in response to a physical event occurring in the user's environment. Content fusion mechanisms create higher level views of lower level events taking into account the mobile user's physical proximity to the actual event location. Recombination and merging techniques will be developed for content fusion that can minimize redundancy to reduce network congestion.
Influence of calcium on myocardial potassium balance, oxygen consumption, and performance

Abstract Studies were performed using the isolated supported heart to determine the myocardial effects of calcium chloride under relatively controlled hemodynamic conditions. The intracoronary infusion of calcium was associated with an increase in myocardial contractility and a net gain of potassium by the heart. These changes occurred in the presence of no consistent change in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is suggested that changes in myocardial potassium balance may reflect directional changes in myocardial calcium balance.
Differentiation of Mesencephalic Progenitor Cells into Dopaminergic Neurons by Cytokines

Rat progenitor cells from the germinal region of the fetal mesencephalon were isolated and expanded in media containing the mitogen epidermal growth factor. These cells remained mitotically active (up to 8 months), were immunoreactive for the progenitor cell marker nestin, and were readily infected with the BAG alpha retrovirus. When incubated in complete media containing serum in poly-L-lysine-coated plates, these cells spontaneously converted to neurons and glia but rarely expressed the dopamine (DA) neuron phenotype. Nineteen different cytokines were screened for their ability to induce the DA phenotype and only interleukin (IL)-1 was found to induce the expression of the DA neuron marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The addition of IL-1, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were found to further increase the number of TH immunoreactive (TH-ir) cells. The addition of mesencephalic membrane fragments and striatal culture-conditioned media along with the cytokine mixture induced the expression of morphologically mature TH-ir cells that were also immunoreactive for dopa-decarboxylase, the DA transporter, and DA itself. The DA neuron cell counts were approximately 20-25% of the overall cell population and 50% of the neurofilament population. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were also present. These data suggest that hematopoietic cytokines participate in the development of the DA neuron phenotype. Parallels between the function of hematopoietic cytokines in bone marrow and the central nervous system may exist and be useful in understanding the factors which regulate the differentiation of neurons in the brain.
Design of protein switches based on an ensemble model of allostery

Switchable proteins that can be regulated through exogenous or endogenous inputs have a broad range of biotechnological and biomedical applications. Here we describe the design of switchable enzymes based on an ensemble allosteric model. First, we insert an enzyme domain into an effector-binding domain such that both domains remain functionally intact. Second, we induce the fusion to behave as a switch through the introduction of conditional conformational flexibility designed to increase the conformational entropy of the enzyme domain in a temperature- or pH-dependent fashion. We confirm the switching behaviour in vitro and in vivo. Structural and thermodynamic studies support the hypothesis that switching result from an increase in conformational entropy of the enzyme domain in the absence of effector. These results support the ensemble model of allostery and embody a strategy for the design of protein switches.
Invited Reaction: Development and Exploratory Validation of an Organizational Efficacy Scale

Without reservation, in the preceding article (Bohn, 2010) the author has captured a deficiency, as he quotes, of “over two decades” in the human resource development (HRD) field. Although many have examined noteworthy items within the self-efficacy model as a means of assessing the functionality of organizations, a true depiction of organizational efficacy has not surfaced until now. Prior to this validation, many in the HRD field had long pondered the employee perspective of efficacy for its impact upon organizational effectiveness. In reality, all that remained after each study was individual self-efficacy levels without anything to bridge the gap to organization results. A scale for examining the confidence within an organization is most sufficient for determining the reasons for varying levels of organizational output, not only on a product basis but also from a human performance perspective. The organizational efficacy tool described is an extension of collective efficacy measures, and narrows collective efficacy to specific business populations. Although we have known that efficacy predicts performance, we now know how efficacy in organizations influences specific business performance results. This, indeed, corresponds to the work of Bandura and those of his persuasion to develop instruments that match with the situations of measurement. As a result, the financial analysts, at this point, should leap for joy because of the closer tie between human resource development initiatives and return-oninvestment evaluations for the holistic organization. The utility of the organizational efficacy is far reaching in that organizations have many forms and bases for doing business, and thus the scale developed here can be used to examine a variety of businesses—from the smallest art museum to the largest airplane manufacturer. Therefore, diminishing returns from this scale are not in the near future. The efforts made to clarify and distinguish self-efficacy, collective efficacy, and organizational efficacy do wonders to invite the reader to reflect upon why
Adaptive image space shading for motion and defocus blur

We present a novel anisotropic sampling algorithm for image space shading which builds upon recent advancements in decoupled sampling for stochastic rasterization pipelines. First, we analyze the frequency content of a pixel in the presence of motion and defocus blur. We use this analysis to derive bounds for the spectrum of a surface defined over a two-dimensional and motion-aligned shading space. Second, we present a simple algorithm that uses the new frequency bounds to reduce the number of shaded quads and the size of decoupling cache respectively by 2X and 16X, while largely preserving image detail and minimizing additional aliasing.
Effect of the quantity and size of the droplets in disintegrated spray on wheat leaf coverage

The quantity of droplets has no significant effect on the pesticide coverage at lower and middle working speeds. This is more significant at higher working speeds. The bigger the droplet quantity, the more decreased the coverage. This is due to the additional disintegration of droplets, which produces more evaporated and air drifted droplets, and the rest of them are not sufficient enough to achieve an efficient coverage. The effect of the droplet size expressed as the median diameter is insignificant considering the coverage at lower and middle speeds. In order to achieve more efficient coverage, and especially in the case of the protection against diseases and poorly movable pests in which case the whole plant is being „bathed”, it is necessary to decrease and maintain the working speed within the range of 1.67–2.0 ms−1 (6.0–7.2 kmh−1).
Automatic pre-tessellation culling

Graphics processing units supporting tessellation of curved surfaces with displacement mapping exist today. Still, to our knowledge, culling only occurs after tessellation, that is, after the base primitives have been tessellated into triangles. We introduce an algorithm for automatically computing tight positional and normal bounds on the fly for a base primitive. These bounds are derived from an arbitrary vertex shader program, which may include a curved surface evaluation and different types of displacements, for example. The obtained bounds are used for backface, view frustum, and occlusion culling before tessellation. For highly tessellated scenes, we show that up to 80p of the vertex shader instructions can be avoided, which implies an “instruction speedup” of 5×. Our technique can also be used for offline software rendering.
Hormonal regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the isolated perfused rat liver

The effect of Ca2+-mobilizing hormones, vasopressin, angiotensin II and the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine, on the metabolic flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle was investigated in isolated perfused rat livers. All three Ca2+-mobilizing agonists stimulated 14CO2 production and gluconeogenesis in livers of 24-h-fasted rats perfused with [2-14C]pyruvate. Prazosin blocked the phenylephrine-elicited stimulation of 14CO2 and glucose production from [2-14C]pyruvate whereas the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, BHT-933, did not affect the rates of 14CO2 and glucose production from [2-14C]pyruvate indicating that the phenylephrine-mediated response involved alpha 1-adrenergic receptors. Phenylephrine, vasopressin and angiotensin II stimulated 14CO2 production from [2-14C]acetate in livers derived from fed rats but not in livers of 24-h-fasted rats. In livers of 24-h-fasted rats, perfused with [2-14C]acetate, exogenously added pyruvate was required for an increase in the rate of 14CO2 production during phenylephrine infusion. This last observation suggests increased pyruvate carboxylation as one of the mechanisms involved in stimulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle activity by the Ca2+-mobilizing agonists, vasopressin, angiotensin II and phenylephrine.
A Comparison of Individual Units of an Artificial Mastoid

Output measurements of three bone vibrators were taken with three different units of the Beltone artificial mastoid to test for differences among units of the artificial mastoid. The effects of dif...
Ischemic Heart Disease

This study evaluates interrelationships between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during oral glucose tolerance tests (GTT) in 65 ischemic heart disease (IHD) males and 69 age-matched healthy controls (age range 45 to 69 years). The frequency of abnormal GTT, usually accompanied by type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, was significantly higher in IHD (37%) than in controls (19%). The mean immunoreactive insulin (IRI) response curve of IHD patients with abnormal GTT showed an elevated and delayed peak at 2 hours. The mean free fatty acid response curve of IHD patients had a significantly lower rebound at 3 hours. IHD patients and controls with abnormal GTT showed significantly higher and lagging lactate levels at 2 and 3 hours. Incidence of abnormal GTT was neither related to relative weight nor to elapsed time from onset of IHD to time of examination. Canonical correlations revealed that IRI is the common denominator in both carbohydrate and lipid abnormalities in IHD.
Prevention and Management of Influenza in Pregnancy

Influenza infections are an important global source of morbidity and mortality. Pregnant and postpartum women are at increased risk for serious disease, related complications, and death from influenza infection. This increased risk is thought to be mostly caused by the altered physiologic and immunologic specifics of pregnancy. The morbidity of influenza infection during pregnancy is compounded by the potential for adverse obstetric, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Importantly, influenza vaccination to prevent or minimize the severity of influenza infection during pregnancy (and the neonatal period) is recommended for all women who are or will be pregnant during influenza season.
Clostridium botulinum type E in Lake Erie: Inter-annual differences and role of benthic invertebrates

Abstract Outbreaks of type E botulism have affected fish and waterfowl in Lake Erie since 1998. We compared conditions in the eastern basin during a warm outbreak year (2002) and a cooler year with low mortality (2003) to determine the levels of Clostridium botulinum type E spore DNA present in sediments under both scenarios. Lake Erie warmed up earlier in 2002 with a mean summer temperature 2 °C higher than in 2003. A comparison between both years indicated that in 2002 there were anoxic episodes near the sediment and a decrease in redox potential and pH, conditions that favor C. botulinum growth. We found that in 2002, sediments were also warmer and contained more spores than in 2003. To determine the biotic sources of botulism for predators, we analyzed the benthic fauna for spore DNA. Benthic organisms (chironomids, oligochetes, nematodes, dreissenids and mayflies) carried higher levels of spores than sediments, and chironomids contained some of the highest levels reaching 820,000 copies DNA/mg. Dreissenid mussel tissue contained up to 2280 copies DNA/mg and their waste deposits had up to 275 copies DNA/mg. We conclude that there are numerous benthic pathways to transmit type E botulism to upper trophic levels given the right conditions. We present in this manuscript a hypothesis on the interplay of environmental conditions and the risk of outbreaks of type E botulism in the eastern basin of Lake Erie.
On the formation of perylene in recent sediments: kinetic models

Abstract The concentration of perylene increases regularly with depth in a radiometrically dated sediment core from Mountain Pond, Coburn Mountain, Maine, U.S.A. This concentration profile was fit to simple reaction kinetic models which indicate that perylene forms in this core either by a first order reaction characterized by a rate constant of 0.012 yr −1 or by a second order reaction characterized by a rate constant of 0.0013 nmole −1 g yr −1 .
Soil-structure interaction for deeply buried corrugated steel pipes Part II: Imperfect trench installation

The potential benefits of the imperfect trench installation method were studied for corrugated steel pipes. The imperfect trench installation method has mostly been used to reduce earth pressure on buried rigid pipes by inducing reverse soil arching over the pipe. Because corrugated steel pipes are relatively flexible, they induce a small amount of reverse soil arching. Therefore, there has been limited research regarding the effects of imperfect trench installation on flexible pipes such as those fabricated with corrugated steel. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficiency of the imperfect trench method for buried corrugated steel pipes. An optimum soft zone geometry for imperfect trench installation is proposed to maximize the reduction of the earth pressure on buried corrugated steel pipes. Predictor equations for arching factors, maximum stresses, and deflections of corrugated steel pipes were formulated that incorporate the proposed optimum soft material zone geometry. Parametric studies revealed that the proposed imperfect trench installation can reduce the maximum wall stress by as much as 69%.
A Kronecker Factorization Theorem for Cayley Algebras and the Exceptional Simple Jordan Algebra

A well known theorem, due to Wedderburn, states that if \( \mathfrak{B} \) is an arbitrary associative algebra with an identity 1 and \( \mathfrak{A} \) is a finite dimensional central simple subalgebra containing 1, then \( \mathfrak{B} \) is the Kronecker product \( \mathfrak{B} = \mathfrak{A} \otimes \mathfrak{U} \) where \( \mathfrak{U} \) is the subalgebra of elements which commute with every \( a\,\varepsilon \,\mathfrak{A} \). Recently Kaplansky indicated that the same result holds for \( \mathfrak{B} \) any alternative algebra and \( \mathfrak{A} \) an algebra of Cayley numbers.2 It is the purpose of the present note to give a new proof of this result and to show that an analogous result holds for \( \mathfrak{B} \) any Jordan algebra and \( \mathfrak{A} \) an exceptional simple Jordan algebra of finite dimensions.
Depth-from-defocus: Blur Equalization Technique

A new spatial-domain Blur Equalization Technique (BET) is presented. BET is based on Depth-from-Defocus (DFD) technique. It relies on equalizing the blur or defocus of two different images recorded with different camera parameters. Also, BET facilitates modeling of images locally by higher order polynomials with lower series truncation errors. The accuracy of BET is further enhanced by discarding pixels with low Signal-to-Noise ratio by thresholding image Laplacians, and relying more on sharper of the two blurred images in estimating the blur parameters. BET is found to be superior to some of the best comparable DFD techniques in a large number of both simulation and actual experiments. Actual experiments used a large variety of objects including very low contrast digital camera test charts located at many different distances. In autofocusing experiments, BET gave an RMS error of 1.2% in lens position.
Performance evaluation of four associative disk designs

Abstract This paper discusses a model for associative disk architectures. Simulation results of an event driven simulation based on this model are presented. The designs analyzed are Processor-per-Track (PPT), Processor-per-Bubble-cell (PPB), Processor-per-Head (PPH), and Processor-per-Disk (PPD). The effects of a number of factors, including output channel contention, availability of index information, impact of mark-bits, and channel allocation policy on the performance of these machines were tested. It is shown that while in the general case the PPT architecture is best, the performance of the PPB design is remarkably good considering the slow speed of bubble memory chips. Also the availability of index information can be used by both the PPH and PPD architectures to improve their performance to a level almost comparable to PPT.
Simulated splashes: Elucidating the mechanism of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Recent advances in the field of ambient ionization mass spectrometry are presented briefly, with emphasis on the technique of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). Numerical multiphase fluid dynamics simulations are used to interrogate droplet-surface collision behavior and resultant progeny droplet formation on an ambient surface subject to the conditions typically associated with DESI. Comparison with previously published experimental results confirms that a momentum-transfer event on a wetted surface is sufficient to replicate known progeny droplet properties. The implications of these mechanistic insights for optimizing the analytical utility of this highly simplified and rapid method of chemical analysis are indicated.
Design of Chiral Honeycomb Meso-Structures for High Shear Flexure

Chiral honeycombs are auxetic cellular structures that exhibits negative Poison’s ratio. Chiral honeycombs are structures arranged in an array of cylinders connected by ligaments. Four different configurations of these geometries with 4- and 6- ligaments attached are investigated for its use in shear layer of non-pneumatic wheel. The objective of the study is to find an ideal geometry for the shear layer while meeting its requirements of shear properties (about 6.5 MPa effective shear modulus and 0.15 maximum effective shear strain) with polycarbonate as base material. Finite Element (FE) based numerical tests are carried out and optimum chiral meso-structures are found for the target shear properties. Parametric studies on geometries are also conducted to find the effect of geometries on the target properties. The effect of cell wall thickness is studied and the optimum thickness is suggested to meet the target requirements. Effect of direction of shear loading has been studied on each different configuration in order to minimize the effect of direction of loading.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Work in progress: Development of computer modules to improve student metacognition and motivation strategies

This project aims to advance personalized learning by helping students to understand and regulate their own learning. The project is designed to equip students with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of self-directed lifelong learning. We developed two online modules — one on learning styles and the other on motivation. We have begun to test the effectiveness of the modules in two mechanical engineering classes — a sophomore manufacturing class and a junior design class. The modules themselves record data such as preferred learning style, MSLQ scores, pre and post knowledge on topics presented in the module, and module evaluations. In addition, we administered brain dominance and lifelong learning readiness instruments to control and intervention groups. We intend to monitor the changes in brain dominance and lifelong learning readiness over time for the control and intervention groups.
The foraging behaviour of honey bees (Apis mellifera L) and bumble bees (Bombus spp) on cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait)

Le comportement de butinage des abeilles domestiques et des bourdons a ete etudie sur des cultures de canneberges dans le sud-est du Massachusetts. Les bourdons abordent les fleurs de telle facon qu'il peut y avoir transfert de pollen: ils s'agrippent aux petales avec leurs pattes tandis que leurs corps est maintenu en-dessous des parties reproductrices de la fleur. Ils puisent le nectar en bas de la colonne staminale ou a la base de la fleur et font vibrer la fleur pour recolter le pollen. Les abeilles domestiques butinent le nectar soit par la voie normale en puisant celui-ci a la base de la colonne staminale, soit par la voie detournee a la base de la fleur sans toucher le stigmate
The Millennium Development Goals minus reproductive health: an unfortunate, but not disastrous, omission.

It is difficult not to feel some pangs of deja vu as one contemplates the dismay in progressive activist circles at the unceremonious way in which the new development mantra— the Millennium Development Project—has expressed no upfront interest (and perhaps little underground interest either) in questions of women’s reproductive health and reproductive rights. Ten years ago the same kind of dismay was expressed in the protests of the population “control” lobby when it was effectively marginalized during the debate on population and development interactions at the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo. Clearly the inherent worthiness of a cause is no guarantee of its acceptance in the circles that matter. In the end only the loudest voices are heard. What can be done now? The problem is not simply how we can salvage what is pertinent from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) but rather how we can keep reproductive health and rights in the center of the policymaking process both directly—by adding them to the MDG agenda—and also more discreetly by means of some of the suggestions I outline below. (excerpt)
Preparation and electrical properties of mercury selenide

Abstract Mercury selenide has been prepared by direct reaction of the elements. Hall and resistivity measurements indicate it to be a degenerate n-type semiconductor over the temperature interval from 77° to 300°K. The free electron concentration at 77°K in the as-grown ingots ranges from 1·1 × 10 18 to 4 × 10 18 cm −3 Vacuum annealing at 240°C reduces the value to 1·4 × 10 17 cm −3 . The galvanomagnetic data, supported by thermochemical calculations, indicate the electrical properties are controlled by a defect structure due to a slight excess of mercury over stoichiometric proportions.
The role of epithelial growth factor in mammary gland development in vitro.

Abstract Epithelial growth factor (EGF), a protein derived from mouse submaxillary gland, stimulates mammary epithelial cells in organ culture to initiate DNA synthesis and subsequently divide. The minimal effective concentration for this effect in vitro was approximately 8 × 10 −10 M. Cells formed by EGF-mediated cell division in the presence of hydrocortisone undergo alveolar differentiation when stimulated post-mitotically by insulin and prolactin. Although the action of EGF in stimulating DNA synthesis resembles that of insulin, EGF lacks the activity of insulin to synergize with prolactin for the induction of milk proteins. These studies demonstrate that EGF can act as a potent growth factor for the regulation of mammary epithelial cell proliferation, and suggest that it may function as a hormone.
Advancing the Integration of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Biogeochemistry: Second Annual Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Summer Workshop; Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 23–26 July 2007

The Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program, a scientific community-driven coordinating body designed to promote U.S. research and international cooperation, focuses on the ocean's role as a component of the global Earth system, bringing together research in geochemistry, ocean physics, and ecology to advance our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry. The second annual OCB summer science workshop, sponsored by the National Science Foundation, took place at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, convening 155 participants. Plenary sessions focused on three broad interdisciplinary themes: (1) interplay between biotic structure and biogeochemical cycles, (2) changing ocean biogeochemistry, and (3) terrestrial/coastal ocean cross-boundary fluxes.
The transport equations for multi-phase systems

Abstract A rigorous theoretical treatment of the transport equations is presented for multi-phase systems. The results have application in the analysis of a variety of processes including liquid—liquid extraction, gas—liquid mass transfer, and chemical reaction and dispersion in multi-phase systems. The case of mass transfer is examined in detail.
Advances in thermoplastic coil encapsulation

Novel methods of encapsulating coils using thermoplastics speed manufacturing and allow for multifunctional designs that eliminate parts and simplify assembly. The author reviews and reports on recent developments in materials, processing techniques, and applications in this area. With regard to applications. two new fields for thermoplastic encapsulation have opened up: automotive sensors and motor stators. Also, more and more solenoids and transformers are being encapsulated with thermoplastics. As for materials, nylon 6/12 and toughened PET extend the range of part design and processing possibilities. They are good complements to nylon 6,6 and standard grades of thermoplastic polyesters. Ongoing research and development in processing have expanded the knowledge of tooling designs and molding parameters that optimize product quality, extend the design horizon, and reduce the time and cost of developing new applications. >
Membrane potential‐dependent integration of synaptic inputs in entorhinal stellate neurons

Stellate cells (SCs) of the medial entorhinal cortex exhibit robust spontaneous membrane-potential oscillations (MPOs) in the theta (4-12 Hz) frequency band as well as theta-frequency resonance in their membrane impedance spectra. Past experimental and modeling work suggests that these features may contribute to the phase-locking of SCs to the entorhinal theta rhythm and may be important for forming the hexagonally tiled grid cell place fields exhibited by these neurons in vivo. Among the major biophysical mechanisms contributing to MPOs is a population of persistent (non-inactivating or slowly inactivating) sodium channels. The resulting persistent sodium conductance (GNaP ) gives rise to an apparent increase in input resistance as the cell approaches threshold. In this study, we used dynamic clamp to test the hypothesis that this increased input resistance gives rise to voltage-dependent, and thus MPO phase-dependent, changes in the amplitude of excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potential (PSP) amplitudes. We find that PSP amplitude depends on membrane potential, exhibiting a 5-10% increase in amplitude per mV depolarization. The effect is larger than-and sums quasi-linearly with-the effect of the synaptic driving force, V - Esyn . Given that input-driven MPOs 10 mV in amplitude are commonly observed in MEC stellate cells in vivo, this voltage- and phase-dependent synaptic gain is large enough to modulate PSP amplitude by over 50% during theta-frequency MPOs. Phase-dependent synaptic gain may therefore impact the phase locking and phase precession of grid cells in vivo to ongoing network oscillations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fiber networking at Argonne: a distributed, multiapplication, multivendor computing environment

ABSTRACT In order to support existing and future applications, Argonne is installing a Laboratory-wide fiberoptic cable plant. It has been designed to support an integrated data/video service consisting of aLaboratory-wide FDDI network and video teleconferencing system and has the capacity for future gigabitper second networks. This paper describes Argonne applications expected to push existing networkcapacity, our current network configuration, networking research activities, and future networking plans. 1. INTRODUCTION Argonne National Laboratory is a large, multiprogram Laboratory owned by the U.S. Governmentand operated by the University of Chicago under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy. TheLaboratory's work focuses on basic research in the physical, biological, and environmental sciences, andon technology. Approximately 4100 employees work at the Laboratory. Argonne researchers rely heavilyon computers and networks as research tools. Valuable tools include cooperative processing, visualizingscientific data, remotely mounting file systems, and interconnecting Local Area Networks (LAN) andWide Area Networks (WAN). These tools are all here today and are pushing the limits of our Laboratory-wide Ethernet network. Future projects will push existing networks and will require gigabit per secondnetworks.In order to better support existing applications, and accommodate future applications, we areinstalling a Laboratory-wide fiber optic cable plant. This plant has been designed to support an integrateddata/video service consisting of a Laboratory-wide FDDI network and video teleconferencing system andhas the capacity for future gigabit per second networks. We fully expect that future applications willsaturate this FDDI network and therefore view it as a stepping stone to gigabit per second networks. Weare testing early releases of FDDI interfaces and enhancing network interface and protocol performance ofexisting networks and are researching the application of faster networks to benefit Argonne applications.*Work sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-3 1- 109-Eng-38.