cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TRANSVALUATION SOCIOLOGY: NIETZSCHE AS CRITICAL THEORIST

INTRODUCTION An analysis of Nietzsche promises to illuminate some of the central concerns of critical theory. Questions of the role of reason in society, the relation between values and knowledge, and the effects of Western civilization on humanity occupy places of prominence for both Nietzsche and the Frankfurt $chool. Examination of the Nietzschean roots of critical theory is worthwhile as intellectual history. The value of such an exercise 'is increased if it can be used to reformulate productively the critical vision of society. This reformulation is not predicated on the assumption that Nietzsche is the primordial critical theorist, but uses Nietzschean thought to address the central concerns of critical theory.
Factor XIIIa-mediated cross-linking of fibronectin in fibroblast cell layers: cross-linking of cellular and plasma fibronectin and of amino-terminal fibronectin fragments

Abstract Factor XIIIa cross-links plasma fibronectin as it is being assembled into the extracellular matrix of cultured human skin fibroblasts (Barry, E. L. R., and Mosher, D. F. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 10464-10469). We have further characterized this process. Fibroblasts were metabolically labeled with proline in the presence or absence of ascorbate and Factor XIIIa. Endogenous fibronectin in the extracellular matrix was cross-linked by Factor XIIIa. There was no evidence for cross-linking of collagenous proteins. Fibro-blast cell layers were incubated with iodinated 27-kDa heparin-binding or 70-kDa collagen- and heparin-binding amino-terminal fibronectin fragments. Factor XIIa cross-linked the fragments into high molecular weight aggregates. The amounts of cross-linked fragments reaches a steady state after 1 to 2 h, whereas intact fibronectin continues to be cross-linked for 24 h. When fibroblast cell layers were pulsed with iodinated fibronectin or amino-terminal fragments and Factor XIIIa was included in the chase media, the high molecular weight aggregates were formed in a step-wise manner. The smallest cross-linking steps were to high molecular weight extracellular matrix molecules forming approximately 270-, 300-, and 440-kDa complexes for the 27-kDa fragment, 70-kDa fragment, and intact fibronectin, respectively. When iodinated fibronectin was bound to fibroblast cell layers and chased into the matrix pool in the absence of Factor XIIIa, it could also be cross-linked into high molecular weight complexes when Factor XIIIa was added to the media. These results, therefore, indicate that both cellular and plasma fibronectin and amino-terminal fragments are cross-linked specifically by Factor XIIIa, that the cross-linking is probably to other fibronectin molecules rather than to collagenous proteins, and that both assembling and assembled fibronectin are substrates for Factor XIIIa.
Stream Algorithms and Architecture

Wire delay and power consumption are primary obstacles to the continued scaling of microprocessor performance. Fundamentally, both issues are addressed by the emerging breed of singlechip, tiled microarchitectures including Raw [1], Trips [2], Scale [3], Wavescalar [4], and Synchroscalar [5], that replicate programmable processing elements with small amounts of memory and communicate via on-chip networks characterized by extremely low latencies and high bandwidth. Our goal is to show that tiled microarchitectures permit energy-efficient high-performance computations when algorithms are mapped properly. To that end, we propose a decoupled systolic architecture as a canonical tiled microarchitecture that supports the resource requirements of decoupled systolic algorithms designed specifically for this architecture. We develop an analytical framework for reasoning about the efficienc y and performance of decoupled systolic algorithms. In particular, we define stream algorithms as a class of decoupled systolic algorithms that achieve computational efficienc y asymptotically for large numbers of processors. We focus our attention on the class of regularly structured computations that form the foundation of scientific computing and digital signal processing.
Viewing as little as 1 hour of TV daily is associated with higher change in BMI between kindergarten and first grade.

Objective Evaluate associations between TV viewing and weight status in children from kindergarten to first grade. Methods Linear and logistic regression was used to evaluate associations of TV-viewing time on BMI-z-score cross-sectionally at kindergarten and first grade and longitudinally in between, among a nationally representative sample of 14,645 children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort 2011. All analyses were adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, parental education, and household income. Results Weekday TV-viewing time was correlated with BMI-z-score (P < 0.01) at kindergarten and first grade and with change in BMI-z-score in between (P < 0.05). Compared with children watching <1 h of TV daily, children watching ≥1 h in kindergarten and first grade had a greater odds of overweight (1.50-1.60) and obesity (1.58-1.73). Children watching 1-<2 h and ≥2 h daily had higher BMI-z-scores (P < 0.0001) and less favorable changes in BMI-z-score between time points (P < 0.05). Children who were not overweight or obese in kindergarten and watched ≥1 h of TV had a greater odds of becoming overweight (1.39) and obese (1.86) between evaluations. Conclusions Children watching as little as 1-<2 h of TV daily were more likely to become overweight and obese over time. Physicians should encourage families to restrict TV-viewing time to reduce weight gain.
Catching the Perfect Wave: Adaptive Optics and Optical Interferometry in the Twenty-First Century*

Over the course of the 3 day meeting, attendees reviewed the current states of the art in adaptive optics (AO) and optical interferometry (OI) and investigated the synthesis of these techniques that will be necessary for the next-generation of high angular resolution optical and IR telescopes. Given this motivation, what better keynote speaker to have than Nobel Laureate, Professor Charles Townes (University of California at Berkeley)? Untrammeled by overhead displays or gadgetry, Professor Townes simply unfolded the histories of the fields to the audience, here and there elucidating a point with typically understated (or even oblique) accounts of his own significant contributions. Of course, laser technology, which Professor Townes made possible, is the major tool for alignment and characterization of optical systems. Without this, AO and OI would not be where it is today. Professor Virginia Trimble (University of California at Irvine and University of Maryland) followed Professor Townes with a provocative talk: “provocative” on two accounts—the first, her eclectic wish list of what to do with the next generation of high-resolution instruments, and the second, galvanizing the attendees into singing (we think it was singing) the adaptive optics/optical interferometry battle hymn. Professor Roger Angel (Steward Observatory and University of Arizona) outlined the reasons why OI is essential for the detection of extrasolar planets. Proposed schemes stem from the original Bracewell and McPhie nulling interferometer concept. Some space-borne interferometer concepts were presented (DARWIN, OASES). Professor Angel discussed strategies for dealing with the zodiacal clouds in other systems; such clouds will be at least 10 times brighter than the extrasolar planets. The Large Binocular Telescope will be a test bed for some of the technical concepts. That instrument will see first light around 2002 and can be used as a Bracewell interferometer. The reasons why adaptive optics systems are needed for
Polynomial Differences in the Primes

We establish, utilizing the Hardy-Littlewood circle method, an asymptotic formula for the number of pairs of primes whose differences lie in the image of a fixed polynomial. We also include a generalization of this result where differences are replaced with any integer linear combination of two primes.
Modern Test Techniques: Tradeoffs, Synergies, and Scalable Benefits

This paper will propose an overall portfolio of different modern test techniques, like reduced pin-count test, SoC multi-site test, low channel cost ATE, test vector compression, bandwidth matching, and advanced probing technologies, to lower the cost of test. The overall economic benefits, the potential synergies, the overall tradeoffs, and the scalability of the benefits of these techniques, are complex to understand and currently not well understood. This problem will be analyzed in this paper by using technical cost modeling. The dependency of the benefits on different applications will be analyzed by modeling the test cost for four different applications. It will be shown that the right match between the application and a combination of the described techniques can result in a significant reduction of the cost of test. Moreover, it will be shown that this optimal match evolves during technology progress and can enable a scalable reduction of the cost of test.
Pediatric phase I trial and pharmacokinetic study of trimetrexate.

Abstract Trimetrexate, a new nonclassical antifolate, was evaluated in a phase I trial in children with refractory cancer including nine with acute leukemia and 21 with solid tumors. The drug was administered as an i.v. bolus injection weekly for three doses, and courses were repeated every 28 days. The dose ranged from 35 to 145 mg/m2. Thirty patients who received a total of 33 courses were evaluable for toxicity, including 19 who were evaluable for hematological toxicity. The maximally tolerated dose for patients with a solid tumor and leukemia was 110 mg/m2. The dose-limiting toxicities were myelosuppression, mucositis and a pruritic, diffuse maculopapular rash. Other side effects observed included transient, mild elevations of serum transaminases, mild nausea and vomiting, and a local phlebitis at the site of injection at higher dose levels. A single patient with delayed drug clearance had evidence of renal toxicity with a transient increase in serum creatinine. The pharmacokinetics of trime-trexate were studied in 25 patients over the entire dose range. There was considerable interpatient variability in total drug clearance (range 9.2 to 215 ml/min/m2) and half-life (2.1 to 20 h). There was a suggestion of a correlation between plasma concentration at 24 h and the development of hematological toxicity at the highest dose level. Trimetrexate was cleared primarily by biotransformation with renal clearance accounting for only 10% of total clearance. Two metabolites of trimetrexate which inhibit the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase were identified in the urine. One of these appears to be a glucuronide conjugate.
A FACTOR ANALYSIS OF RAVEN'S ADVANCED PROGRESSIVE MATRICES FREED OF DIFFICULTY FACTORS

The study presents a factor analysis of the 1%2 revision of the Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM). The analysis was conducted such that substantive factor structure interpretations were freed of the effects of differences in item difficulty. The APM test was given to 237 examinees, 16-18 years old. The data were subjected to a Guttman scale analysis to determine whether the APM could be interpreted as a one factor instrument. Then the phi/phi max inter-item correlation matrix was factored. A principal components analysis, followed by a series of varimax rotations of the principal components, was performed. The Guttman coefficients of scalability were too small to support a one factor theory of the APM. The 2-factor solution provided the most interpretable factor structure. Factor I was composed of items in which the solution was obtained by adding or subtracting patterns. Factor I1 was composed of items in which the solution was based on the ability to perceive the progression of a pattern. Results are discussed in terms of representative cognitive tests and tasks believed to embody the logical operations responsible for successful performance on items loading on each factor. The possibility of forming subtests of items to enhance the predictive validity of the matrices also is discussed.
GRANULE NEURON REGULATION OF PURKINJE CELL DEVELOPMENT : STRIKING A BALANCE BETWEEN NEUROTROPHIN AND GLUTAMATE SIGNALING

Granule neurons, presynaptic afferents of Purkinje cells, are potent regulators of Purkinje cell development. Purified Purkinje cells survive and differentiate poorly, whereas coculture with granule neurons enhances their survival and dendritic development. Here we investigate the role of neurotrophins in granule–Purkinje cell interactions. BDNF or NT-4 improves, but NT-3 or CNTF reduces, survival of isolated Purkinje cells. When granule neurons are present, however, BDNF or NT-4 treatment leads to Purkinje cell loss. This decrease is overcome by anti-BDNF or TrkB-IgG-blocking reagents or by CNQX, a non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist. Furthermore, BDNF increases the spine density on the surviving Purkinje cells. These results suggest that Purkinje cell survival and differentiation are context-dependent and require a balance between neurotrophin- and activity-dependent signaling.
Performability analysis: measures, an algorithm, and a case study

The behavior of the multiprocessor system is described as a continuous Markov chain, and a reward rate (performance measure) is associated with each state. The distribution of performability is evaluated for analytical models of a multiprocessor system using a polynomial-time algorithm that obtains the distribution of performability for repairable, as well as nonrepairable, systems with heterogeneous components with a substantial speedup over earlier work. Numerical results indicate that distributions of cumulative performance measures over finite intervals reveal behavior of multiprocessor systems not indicates by either steady-state or expected values alone. >
Immediate and delayed effects of causal uncertainty inductions on uncertainty accessibility

Previous research has focused on enhanced processing as a response to causal uncertainty (CU), but relatively little empirical attention has been given to how CU is activated and the temporal unfolding of this activation. The current research investigates the counterintuitive idea that people inhibit causal uncertainty immediately after its activation. We find that this inhibition weakens over time. Study 1 demonstrates this inhibition effect with self-report uncertainty. Study 2 demonstrates this effect with an implicit accessibility measure. Temporary inhibition of uncertainty may be a general response when uncertainty is activated.
Properties of Euglena gracilis cytoplasmic ribosomes in salt

Abstract The properties of Euglena gracilis cytoplasmic ribosomes were studied as a function of monovalent salt. In 40 mM KCl, gel electrophoresis and sedimentation studies show a heterogeneous high molecular weight fraction and the monomer. The monomer sediments at s 20, w = 85 S. In 0.1 M KCl, the monomer dissociates into subunits which sediment at 62 S and 46 S. The high molecular weight fraction, which is ribonuclease sensitive and presumably the polyribosome fraction, remains stable. With increasing ionic strength, the monomer derived subunits continue to sediment in the regions of 60 S and 40 S up to 0.4–0.5 M KCl, where an abrupt transition occurs and sedimentation rates in 0.5 M KCl drop to 36 S and 28 S. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein patterns of 0.5 M KCl washed ribosomes were different from patterns of low salt washed ribosomes. In addition, the monomer, or the original subunit sedimentation rates, were not restored when the high salt washed ribosomes were placed back in low salt. Protein losses in high salt are presumed to be responsible for the major changes with high KCl washed ribosomes.
Machine analysis of acoustical signals

Research toward machine analysis of acoustical signals is described. The approach Is that of the expert system, where knowledge about the physical world that produced the signals is used by the system in the interpretation process. Expert systems have already matched human capabilities in certain applications such as chemical structure analysis and certain areas of medical diagnosis, suggesting that acoustical signal analysis will meet with similar success. The basic approach is described in the paper, using examples from an experimental system being developed for the interpretation of acoustical signals. The paper also identifies some of the more important unresolved research problems.
Japan`s Distressed-Debt Market

Sizable risk capital from outside may be necessary to accelerate Japan's corporate restructuring to replace the stock of impaired bank loans. To attract risk capital, impaired loans must find market-clearing prices. However, the asymmetry in the bid-ask prices faced by banks and distressed-debt investors continues to stall efforts to create a liquid distressed-debt market. This paper asserts that the wedge between the prices faced by different participants is primarily a result of different valuation methods employed by banks and distressed-debt investors. On the one hand, banks do not recognize "maturity default" that results in banks rolling over impaired-loan accounts, effectively turning them into perpetual debt, which is expected to capture any upside potential for value. On the other hand, distressed-debt investors presently view their investments as equity stakes that require improved cash flows, unlike the buy-and-sell distressed-collateral market that existed in the mid-1990s. We suggest that bids from distressed-debt investors may not be as low as they are deemed by local banks and the asymmetry in prices may be reduced if banks value their claims as corporate equity.
'Starburst' amacrine cells and cholinergic neurons: mirror-symmetric on and off amacrine cells of rabbit retina.

Golgi-impregnated 'starburst' amacrine cells share significant morphological features with cholinergic neurons in rabbit retina. They are mirror-symmetrical about the a/b (OFF/ON) sublaminar border of the inner plexiform layer. Type a starburst amacrines have cell bodies in the amacrine cell layer and dendrites in sublamina a, while type b cells have their cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer and dendrites in sublamina b of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). The two levels of narrow dendritic stratification are precisely those demonstrated by Masland and Mills for cholinergic amacrine cells. The morphological evidence indicates that the duality of ON and OFF pathways is served separately by type b (displaced) and type a starburst amacrine cells, respectively.
Stimulation of Rosmarinic Acid in Shoot Cultures of Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Clonal Line in Response to Proline, Proline Analogue, and Proline Precursors

Tissue culture-generated shoot-based clonal lines are being used to investigate the role of proline-linked pentose phosphate pathway in stimulating rosmarinic acid (RA). In this study is reported the stimulation of RA biosynthesis in oregano clonal line O-1 in response to proline, proline precursors (ornithine and arginine), and proline analogue (azetidine-2-carboxylate, A2C). Following exogenous treatment with proline and proline precursors in the presence or absence of proline analogue A2C, significantly enhanced RA content and concurrently higher levels of endogenous proline were observed compared to control. Analogue (A2C) treatment alone stimulated highest levels of RA without any increase in endogenous proline. Endogenous proline levels on day 30, however, were significantly higher in all proline and ornithine treatments with or without A2C but not in treatments with A2C or arginine alone. The stimulation of RA synthesis in response to proline or proline precursors with or without A2C suggested that...
Funded research in communication: A chairperson's perspective

There are several benefits to developing a successful funded research portfolio, as well as several challenges inherent in funded research. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the benefits and challenges of funded research from a department chairperson's perspective. Several issues are addressed: the benefits of extramural funding; strategies for developing and sustaining a department's funded research portfolio; the impact of funding on a department's identity; the impact of a funded research program on the scholarship of a department and its graduate program; the implications of funded research for interdisciplinary cooperation; and various administrative concerns that accompany an active and extensive portfolio of funded research. The goal of this essay is to provide the reader with a more complete understanding of the positive and negative implications of funded research for a communication department.
Induction of transforming growth factor-α in activated human alveolar macrophages

Abstract The early monocyte infiltration observed in normal wound repair and in a number of pathologic processes precedes the epithelial and connective tissue proliferative responses, suggesting that the monocyte/macrophage may be an important source of growth factors for these tissues. In culture, activated macrophages secrete growth factors active on fibroblasts, smooth muscle, endothelium, and epithelium. This report demonstrates that activated human alveolar macrophages express the gene for transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) in an inducible manner and secrete a factor into the culture medium that is functionally and immunologically identical to TGF-α. Two different molecular species of TGF-α activity (approximately 8,500 – 12,000 and 28,500 daltons) are identified in macrophage-conditioned medium. These observations establish the macrophage as a diploid human cell capable of synthesizing and secreting TGF-α. The activated macrophage therefore represents a cellular source of a mitogenic factor that is potentially important in epithelial proliferation and repair.
On the hemispheric symmetry in thermospheric nitric oxide

Middle atmosphere research has suggested the importance of charged particle precipitation for several minor species. To experimentally investigate these effects requires observations of both the minor species and particle precipitation. Particle precipitation is organized in a geomagnetic coordinate system, yet data are persistently presented in geographic coordinates. This has serious implications, as quantified here for nitric oxide observations, which could lead to erroneous conclusions regarding particle effects. In geographic coordinates UARS/HALOE measurements of high latitude NO at equinox show a 25% hemispheric asymmetry that disappears when the data are replotted in magnetic coordinates. This result is applicable to all high latitude particle effects and is important for understanding magnetospheric and solar influences on various minor species in the mesosphere and stratosphere.
A Complication in the thermal reactions of 1,1,2,2-tetramethylcyclopropane

Reinvestigation of the gas phase thermal reaction of 1,1,2,2-tetramethylcyclopropane (699-759°K) gave for the unimolecular disappearance of reactant, k(TMC) = 1015.27–63.93/θ sec−1, in good agreement with the original results of Frey and Marshall. However, evidence for a high activation energy (E = 79 ± 5 kcal/mole), competitive unimolecular decomposition to 2,3-dimethyl-1 and -2-butenes was also obtained. It is proposed that the serious discrepancy noted [1] between the experimentally observed Arrhenius parameters for the overall reaction kinetics, and those predicted by transition state calculations assuming a biradical mechanism for the isomerization reactions (previously believed to be the only primary reaction mode) can be explained in terms of the increasing importance of the decomposition reactions at higher reaction temperatures.
Plasma carboxypeptidases as regulators of the plasminogen system.

Abstract Carboxy-terminal lysine residues on the surface of cells and fibrin bind plasminogen and control its activation. Since plasma contains basic carboxypeptidases, which remove carboxy-terminal lysines from protein substrates, we investigated if these enzymes are involved in the regulation of plasminogen binding sites. Plasma reduced plasminogen binding to cells, and this effect could be ascribed to the activity of the plasma carboxypeptidases. Purified carboxypeptidase N, which is constitutively active, and plasma carboxypeptidase B, which circulates as a zymogen, were both capable of significantly reducing plasminogen binding to cells. Dose titration experiments verified that plasma concentrations of either carboxypeptidase were sufficient to maximally affect plasminogen binding to cells. Furthermore, plasma carboxypeptidase B, but not carboxypeptidase N, reduced the rate of whole blood clot lysis induced by tissue-type plasminogen activator. These findings establish that plasma carboxypeptidases can modulate plasminogen binding to cells and control the rate of fibrinolysis. These functions delineate a novel role for the plasma carboxypeptidases in the regulation of the plasminogen system.
On the influence of carbide formation upon the growth kinetics of proeutectoid ferrite in Fe-C-X alloys

In the preceeding paper, the growth kinetics of grain boundary ferrite allotriomorphs in Fe-C-Si, Fe-C-Mn, Fe-C-Ni, and Fe-C-Cr alloys are reported to be best described by the paraequilibrium model. Significant differences are still observed, however, between the experimentally measured kinetics and those calculated from this model. A TEM study was conducted on these alloys to ascertain whether any of these differences could be attributed to carbide precipitation. In the Fe-C-Mn and Fe-C-Cr alloys, where the measured growth kinetics are low, carbides precipitate on dislocations within the ferrite and are effectively absent, respectively; hence carbide precipitation cannot be responsible for the deviations in these alloys. In the low Ni, Fe-C-Ni alloy, where calculated and measured kinetics agree, carbide precipitation was again found on dislocations in the ferrite. Faster than calculated growth kinetics in the Fe-C-Si and the high Ni, Fe-C-Ni alloys, on the other hand, are attributed in part to carbide precipitation at austenite:ferrite boundaries.
Design strategies for 157-nm single-layer photoresists: lithographic evaluation of a poly(α -trifluoromethyl vinyl alcohol) copolymer

ABSTRACT Poly(vinyl alcohol-co-a-trifluoromethyl vinyl alcohol) (PVA-co-CF3PVA) protected with an acid cleavable group wasprepared as a single-layer photoresist for use in 157 nm VUV lithography. It was found that the a-trifluoromethyl substituentrenders PVA-co-CF3PVA readily soluble in 0.262 N TMAH. The protected polymer can be spin-coated from PGMEA andpreliminary studies using 248 nm exposure showed a THP protected PVA-co-CF3PVA undergoes chemically amplifieddeprotection with a clearing dose of -4 5 mJ/cm2. Using a VUV spectrometer, absorption coefficients of --3 .tm' wereobserved at 157 nm with PVA-co-CF3PVA and THP protected PVA-co-CF3PVA. Detailed lithographic evaluation of thepolymer is underway and design strategies for 157 nm single-layer photoresists will be discussed.Keywords: photoresist, 157 nm lithography, poly(vinyl alcohol-co-a-trifluoromethyl vinyl alcohol), THP protection,chemical amplification, aqueous base solubility 1. INTRODUCTION The fabrication of increasingly smaller feature sizes for integrated circuits requires advanced lithographic techniques withhigh resolution. While resolution enhancement techniques (RETs), using optical proximity correction and phase shift masks,have demonstrated the fabrication of sub-wavelength feature sizes at 248 nm and 193 nm, a fundamental solution for the
Shear flow over cylindrical rods attached to a substrate

Abstract Shear flow over a periodic array of cylindrical rods attached to a substrate is studied as a model of flow over a nanomat consisting of aligned carbon nanotubes. The objectives are to evaluate the macroscopic slip velocity, compute the hydrodynamic load exerted at the rod side surface and tip, and estimate the flow-induced deflection. The hydrodynamic traction and macroscopic slip velocity are computed by solving the equations of Stokes flow for a doubly periodic square or hexagonal arrangement using a boundary-element method. The results illustrate the dependence of the slip velocity on the surface coverage expressed by the ratio of the rod radius to separation, and confirm the occurrence of hydrodynamic screening due to surrounding rods confining the traction near the exposed tip of each rod. An estimate for the flexural stiffness of nanotubes is made using available information on the flow-induced deflection. Computations for shear flow past an isolated attached rod are carried out using a highly accurate boundary-element method coupled with a finite-element method for solving the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation, and an iterative procedure involving a boundary-element implementation coupled with a boundary-value formulation involving ordinary differential equations for describing large beam deformation. The results illustrate the precise shape of deflected rods.
Selecting Data Transmission Method for Sensor Networks With Deterministic Spatial Channel Properties

Wireless sensor radios are particularly prone to a radio channel impairment due to a simple communication circuitry. Persistent impairment can cause serious problems to sensors that must continuously or repeatedly reside in locations with deterministic channel properties caused by the surrounding spatial structure. Capturing such channel properties with tra- ditional statistical models alone is cumbersome and ineffective. A new modeling framework based on receiver-measured packet error rates expressed using two surface roughness parameters, namely the amplitude and spacing parameters, is proposed to represent the key properties of a channel error profile. A case study on a rotating machine environment is presented. Experimental results confirmed the adequacy of the proposed model and the resulting improved transmission performance.
Contribution of atmospherically transported trace metals to South Pacific sediments

Abstract Accumulation rates of the trace metals Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co and Sr, calculated for Australian dust samples indicate that sediment in areas of the South Pacific affected by dust falls from this source can accumulate these metals at rates similar to sediment in areas of the South Pacific where little detrital material is received.
A new dawn for soil biology: video analysis of root-soil-microbial-faunal interactions

Abstract Roots and their biota interact from the smallest spatiotemporal scale at the level of bacteria, to intermediate fungal-invertebrate spatiotemporal scales, and ultimately to the large, scale of structural roots. The micron-second bacterial scale is best known because it is amenable to standard microbial techniques. Intermediate and large spatiotemporal scales of interaction need comparable study because events at each scale affect the others. Borescopes, minirhizotrons and soil biotrons are well-suited to studying events at the intermediate, millimeter-minute spatiotemporal scale of fine roots, fungi and invertebrates. Soil biotrons are particularly well-suited for study of the intermediate spatiotemporal scale because microscopes, cameras and video can be used within them, and in situ experimental manipulations can be performed. The large amounts of observational data that can be collected with video recording can be analyzed using computer image analysis. Image analysis is especially valuable in visualizing the spatial relationships of roots and their biota, and in quantifying growth, feeding and turnover rates.
Dynamic response of a long case-bonded viscoelastic cylinder

Time-dependent pressures are applied in an encased viscoelastic cylinder and on the surface of the case. The resulting dynamic response of the cylinder-case system is the subject of a theoretical analysis. The viscoelastic material of the cylinder is assumed to be incompressible and a forced vibration is therefore excited without initial wave effects. The cylinder is viscoelastic in shear, showing short-time elastic behavior and delayed elasticity. The displacement, the circumferential stress, and the radial stress are investigated. If a time-dependent pressure is applied to the case, the radial bond stress at the cylinder-case interface is periodic and shows tensile peaks for high values (^104) of the ratio of Young's modulus of the shell to the rubbery shear modulus of the cylinder. The stresses are damped exponentially to the compressive quasi-static solution. Analytical solutions are presented for step loading and standard linear viscoelastic shear behavior. A numerical procedure using measured values of the relaxation function is indicated. The solutions are relevant to a compressible cylinder for times long compared to the passage-time of a dilatational wave.
Role of near-wall node location on the prediction of melt flow and residence time distribution in tundishes by mathematical modeling

Several researchers have been engaged in three-dimensional (3-D), mathematical modeling of melt flow in tundishes using finite difference techniques over the past 10 to 15 years. Most of these computational schemes employ thek-e model of turbulence and are capable of predicting the general flow pattern in different flow systems. However, detailed comparison of computed results with water-model experiments in the tundish system has shown that the finite difference grid spacing has an influence on the predicted fluid flow and the residence time distribution of the melt. In the present work, the effect of variation in the grid spacing on the flow predictions is presented. Further, guidelines are presented for proper spacing of grids to enhance the predictive capabilities of such models.
Efficacy of a National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 Diet in Normolipidemic and Hypercholesterolemic Middle-Aged and Elderly Men and Women

We tested the effects of a National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step 2 diet (30% of calories or less as total fat, less than 7% saturated fat, and less than 200 mg cholesterol per day) on plasma lipid levels in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic middle-aged and elderly men and women. Thirty-two subjects were studied. Eight normolipidemic subjects (6 men and 2 women, mean age 56 +/- 13 years) with LDL cholesterol levels of less than 4.14 mmol/L (160 mg/dL) were given a baseline diet similar in composition to the diet currently consumed in the United States (35% of calories as total fat and 14% as saturated fat, with 147 mg cholesterol per 1000 kcal) for 6 weeks. Subjects were then placed on an NCEP Step 2 diet (26% total fat, 4% saturated fat, 45 mg cholesterol per 1000 kcal) for 24 weeks. In addition, 24 subjects (12 men and 12 women, mean age 62 +/- 12 years) with moderate hypercholesterolemia (LDL cholesterol levels of 4.14 mmol/L or above) were given a baseline diet for 6 weeks and then the NCEP Step 2 diet for 6 weeks. Energy intakes were adjusted to keep body weight constant throughout the study. In both normolipidemic and hypercholesterolemic subjects, consumption of the NCEP Step 2 diet was associated with significant changes in levels of total cholesterol (-20% and -16%, respectively), LDL cholesterol (-21% and -18%, respectively), and HDL cholesterol (-16% and -15%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aortic valve replacement and coronary bypass grafting for patients with aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease: early and late results

From 1967 to 1981, 294 patients (group A) with aortic stenosis and coronary atherosclerosis underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) combined with bypass grafting; there were 13 (4.4%) in-hospital deaths. Follow-up of the in-hospital survivors documented late survival of 89%, 79%, and 52% at 2, 5, and 10 postoperative years, respectively. Univariate and multivariate testing identified age greater than or equal to 70 years (P = 0.02) and Class IV symptoms (P = 0.002) as factors decreasing late survival. Patients with bioprostheses who did not take warfarin had the best late survival (P = 0.03) and event-free survival (P = 0.05) and patients with mechanical prostheses who did not take warfarin had the worst (P less than 0.0001) (P = 0.001). From 1981 to 1986, 375 further patients (group B) with aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease underwent AVR and bypass grafting with 20 (5.3%) in-hospital deaths. Group B contained more patients greater than or equal to 70 years (35% vs. 16%) than did group A. Logistic regression analysis identified patients with moderate or severe impairment of left ventricular function and women as sub-groups with increased in-hospital mortality in group B. Patients with aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease can undergo AVR and bypass grafting with a risk slightly increased over that for isolated AVR. Bioprostheses enhance late survival and event-free survival.
Abstract 2522: Complementary and alternative medicine use among cancer survivors in the United States.

Background: Although there is little evidence of effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), there has been an increase in the number of patients turning to these largely unproven medical therapies. In this study, we sought to determine if those with a personal history of cancer were more likely to have utilized CAM as compared to those without a history of cancer. Methods: We analyzed the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) and identified 976 respondents who were cancer survivors and 6,235 respondents without a personal history of cancer. We compared the demographic, lifestyle, and healthcare perceptions of these participants and used logistic regression models to evaluate the association of personal history of cancer, cancer treatment and the time since cancer treatment with CAM use. We used survey weights in all analysis and Taylor series linearization to perform variance estimations to account for the complex survey design. Results: Overall, cancer survivors were as likely as those without history of cancer to use CAM in the previous 12 months (27.1% vs. 25.2%; OR = 1.09; 95%CI: 0.86-1.38). Cancer treatment and time since cancer treatment was not associated with CAM use (Table 1). Conclusions: Cancer survivors were as likely as adults without a history of cancer to use complementary and alternative medicine irrespective of cancer treatment. Adjusted for respondent9s age, sex, marital status, place of birth, race, income, education level, health insurance status, BMI, perception of health status, perception of health care quality received, and confidence in taking care of one9s own health Citation Format: Maryam Laiyemo, Gail Nunlee-Bland, Frederick Lombardo, R. George Adams, Adeyinka Laiyemo. Complementary and alternative medicine use among cancer survivors in the United States. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2522. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2522
Oxidative stress in brain aging: Implications for therapeutics of neurodegenerative diseases

Age has a powerful effect on enhanced susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases, including susceptibility to stroke and cognitive impairment (CI) even in optimally healthy individuals. We critically evaluated the notion that oxidative stress increases in aging brain. Rigorous studies show logarithmic age-dependent increases in oxidized proteins and oxidized DNA lesions. Decreased activity of antioxidant protective enzymes does not account for the observed increases. The reactivity of the lipid oxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) with key mitochondria enzymes may be important in the age-dependent loss in energy generation and enhanced susceptibility of neurons to apoptosis. Age-dependent enhanced neuroinflammatory processes may play an important role in toxin generation that causes death or dysfunction of neurons in neurodegenerative diseases. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) show significant promise. Vitamin E supplementation did not show major beneficial effect on cognitive functions. Major clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD) involving cycloxygenase-II (COX II) inhibitors and amyloid-beta vaccination have been discontinued. Novel therapeutics based on blocking neuron damaging neuroinflammatory processes show great promise for abating dementia progression although they have yet to make it to clinical practice.
Uptake of 125I-iododeoxyuridine in mouse organs during deuteration of body water: Evidence for a thymus-specific effect

Abstract The effects of body water deuteration on mammalian DNA synthesis in vivo during the deuterium equilibration period in the body were studied. Young adult mice were given 15% or 30% D 2 O in the drinking water for 4, 10 or 21 days. Control mice were given distilled water. Eighteen hours prior to sacrifice, 125 IUdR, a conveniently monitored synthetic analogue of the DNA precursor thymidine, was injected intravenously. Although neither radioiodine activity of the total body nor body weight varied significantly among the three groups, thymic radioactivity per g tissue was significantly lower in mice given 30% D 2 O and, to a lesser extent, in mice given 15% D 2 O than in the control group. In contrast, intestine and hemopoietic bone marrow displayed minor changes in 125 IUdR incorporation. This reduction of 125 IUdR incorporation is discussed in relation to the particular importance of thymidine reutilization in the thymus.
Attitudes toward Suicide Survivors as a Function of Survivors' Relationship to the Victim

This study examined attitudes toward suicide survivors. Two variables were assessed: the impact of information on attitudes toward suicide survivors and whether the survivor's relationship to the victim affects the attitudes of others towards the survivor. Sixty participants responded to one of three fictional case histories that described a child's suicide, a spouse's suicide, or a parent's suicide. Prior to reading case vignettes, thirty of the participants read an article about suicide; the other thirty read death-related but not suicide-related materials. Results indicated that suicide information did not affect attitudes toward survivors. Further results indicated that reactions to suicide survivors are generally negative and the relationship of survivors to victims affects these reactions. Children of victims were seen least negatively; parents of a child who died by suicide received the most negative reactions.
Between Contumacy and Obsequiousness Tacitus on Moral Freedom and the Historian’s Task

This article explores Tacitus’ negotiation of the dilemmas of writing due to the emergence of the Principate and the displacement of Republican politics. These developments constrained the orator a...
Analysis of laser and detector placement in incoherent MIMO multimode fiber systems

Conventional large-core multimode fibers (MMFs) are preferred for use in short to medium haul optical fiber links, owing to their tolerance to misalignment and low deployment costs; however, data rates through MMFs are limited by modal dispersion. Digital signal processing with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques has offered promising solutions to overcome the dispersion limitations of MMFs, but the impact of the geometry of laser and detector arrays on the achievable data rate is not established. To this end, we use a field-propagation-based model to gauge the impact the geometry of lasers and detectors can have on the achievable ergodic and outage rates of incoherent MIMO-MMF links. Laser and detector array geometries were investigated using a grid-based method to optimize the positions of lasers and detectors for a 1 km MIMO-MMF link. Simulations reveal that systems with appropriately designed laser/detector geometries could improve the achievable rate over the fiber by more than 200% over random laser/detector arrays. The grid-based search technique, however, is limited due to high computational requirements for fine grids. As an alternative, we developed a suboptimal “greedy” selection approach to design detector geometries, which produces detector geometries that attain more than 90% of the rate obtained with an exhaustive search, while requiring less than 0.2% of the computation. The low computation requirements and high performance of the greedy selection approach also motivate the use of dynamically reconfigurable detector arrays to achieve high data rates with reduced signal processing complexity. Methods are also presented for clustering detector elements to obtain more consolidated segmented detectors with better fill factors, while still offering significant data rate benefits. The achievable ergodic rate using these systems is verified to be close to the link's ergodic capacity.
Bioconversion of Shellfish Chitin Waste: Waste Pretreatment, Enzyme Production, Process Design, and Economic Analysis

Study of pretreatment of shrimp processing waste for a chitin bioconversion scheme to produce yeast single-cell protein established conditions for size reduction, deproteination, and demineralization. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated chitin waste achieved 80% conversion in 24 hr. Optimum temperature and pH were determined for maximum chitinase production in submerged culture, using pretreated chitin waste as substrate. An integrated process scheme for conversion of shrimp shell chitin waste to yeast single-cell protein based on these and previous results was designed and analyzed economically, giving a negative after-tax cash flow of $0.06 per kg of wet waste.
Plasma Adrenocorticotropin Is More Sensitive Than Transcortin Production or Thymus Weight to Inhibition by Corticosterone in Rats

After adrenalectomy, ACTH, corticosterone-binding globulin (CBG), and thymus wet weight increase in rats as a consequence of the removal of corticosterone (B) and decrease again in response to replacement with glucocorticoids. We have studied the effect of replacing adrenalectomized male rats with a variety of different concentrations of B. Plasma concentrations of ACTH and CBG and thymus wet weights were related to the measured concentration of free ultrafilterable B in plasma. In other experiments, the clearance of [125I]CBG was determined in adrenalectomized rats with and without B replacement, and the time required for the changes in plasma CBG concentrations after removal and/or replacement of B in adrenalectomized rats was determined. Five to 7 days after adrenalectomy and institution of a relatively constant B replacement signal, plasma CBG concentrations were highly correlated with circulating B concentrations (r2 = 0.745; P less than 0.001). The effect of B was on the CBG production rate, since clearance did not change. Because CBG concentrations decrease as total B concentrations increase, there is an amplification of free B concentrations with increasing total B. The relationships of plasma ACTH and CBG and thymus wet weight to circulating free B levels showed that 50% inhibition of ACTH was achieved at a free B concentration of 0.8 +/- 0.05 nM, whereas 50% inhibition of CBG and thymus wet weight were achieved at free B concentrations of 4.6 +/- 0.9 and 4.4 +/- 0.6 nM, respectively. These inhibition values correlate well with the known Kd values for the high affinity type I B receptor (0.5 nM) and for the lower affinity type II glucocorticoid receptor (2.5-5 nM), respectively, suggesting that ACTH secretion, CBG production, and thymus wet weight are regulated by the association of B with these receptor types.