cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Memory monitoring and the control of stereotype distortion

We propose a framework for investigating the role of conscious experience in regulating stereotype-based memory distortions. Memory biases are mediated by multiple memory processes, including forms of discriminability and response biases. Different psychological interpretations of these processes depend on how they relate to subjective experiences (e.g., conscious recollection vs. implicit accessibility processes). The ability to control memory distortions, in turn, depends on the psychological meaning attached to these parameters. In Experiment 1 we found that confidence was positively related to discriminability but uncorrelated with stereotype-consistent bias. In Experiment 2 participants were allowed to selectively control when they responded. Because of the asymmetry in monitoring ability, participants were able to increase overall accuracy, but were not able to reduce the stereotype bias. Discussion focuses on the conditions in which subjective experience may provide a valid basis for controlling biases, and when subjective experience may prove deceptive, exacerbating biases.
Extreme wind load estimates based on the Gumbel distribution of dynamic pressures: an assessment

We present a contribution to the current debate on whether it is more appropriate to fit a Gumbel distribution to the time series of the extreme dynamic pressures (i.e. of the squares of the extreme wind speeds) than to fit an extreme value distribution to the time series of the extreme wind speeds themselves. It has been shown that the use of time series of the extreme dynamic pressures would be justified if the time series of the wind speed data taken at small intervals (e.g. 1 h) were, at least approximately, Rayleigh-distributed. We show that, according to sets of data we believe are typical, this is not the case. In addition, we show results of probability plot correlation coefficient (PPCC) analyses of 100 records of sample size 23 to 54, according to which the fit of reverse Weibull distributions to largest yearly wind speeds is considerably better than the fit of Gumbel distributions to the corresponding largest yearly dynamic pressures. We interpret the data and results presented in the paper as indicating that there is no convincing support to date for the hypothesis that the Gumbel distribution should be used as a model of extreme dynamic pressures.
Moderate Hyperhomocysteinemia Decreases Endothelial-Dependent Vasorelaxation in Pregnant But Not Nonpregnant Mice

Increased homocysteine is associated with the pregnancy complication preeclampsia and with later-life cardiovascular disease. Although elevated homocysteine persists after pregnancy, the vascular changes of preeclampsia abate with delivery, and cardiovascular disease occurs decades later. This suggests the vasculature during pregnancy may manifest increased sensitivity to homocysteine. We used the cystathionine-β synthase (CBS)–deficient transgenic mouse to investigate whether hyperhomocysteinemia would differentially affect vascular function in nonpregnant and pregnant animals. Mesenteric arteries from nonpregnant and midpregnant (14 to 16 days) wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous CBS-deficient transgenic mice were investigated for their response to vasoconstriction, endothelial-dependent, and endothelial-independent relaxation using an isometric wire myograph system. Endothelial-dependent vasodilation was similar in arteries from nonpregnant heterozygous and wild-type mice. In contrast, endothelial-dependent relaxation was reduced significantly in arteries from pregnant heterozygous animals compared with wild-type mice. Inhibition of NO synthesis blunted relaxation in arteries from pregnant wild-type but not pregnant heterozygous mice. Endothelial-dependent relaxation was restored by in vitro pretreatment with the tetrahydrobiopterin precursor sepiapterin. These data indicate that in pregnant mice, endothelial-dependent vasodilation is more sensitive to the effect of increased homocysteine than arteries from nonpregnant mice. This effect appears to result from a loss in NO-mediated relaxation that may be mediated by the oxidative inactivation of the NO synthase cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin.
Two-Domain Multicopper Oxidase

Two-domain multicopper oxidases (2dMCOs) couple the four-electron reduction of dioxygen to the oxidation of a number of different substrates, including organic compounds and reduced ferricytochromes. The geometry of 2dMCO active sites is similar to that in other multicopper oxidases, but is formed by a significantly different protein architecture. This fold resembles the overall architecture of NO forming copper nitrite reductase (CuNIR). 2dMCOs are classified based on the location of their type-1 copper centers. 3D Structure Keywords: multicopper; two-domain; oxidase; oxygen; blue; trinuclear; nitrite reductase
Analysis of Single Critical Number Ordering Policies for Perishable Inventories

We consider the problem of finding the optimal solution from the class of single critical number order policies for an m-period lifetime perishable product. The objective function is expected cost per period, Accordingly, the steady-state characteristics of the inventory process induced by the order restriction are analyzed. We demonstrate the existence of an invariant measure for an inventory related process, which provides information sufficient for cost minimization. Particular results for the two-and three-period-lifetime cases are given.
Esophageal carcinoma: esophageal ultrasound assessment of preoperative chemotherapy.

Abstract The effect of preoperative chemotherapy in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma is difficult to assess because of the inadequacies of clinical staging. Endoscopic esophageal ultrasound (EUS) has been shown to be accurate in the clinical determination of depth of tumor invasion (T) and regional lymph node status (N). Therefore, EUS may be useful in assessing the effect of preoperative chemotherapy in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Eleven patients with operable adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction underwent staging by EUS before treatment. This was followed by two courses (10 patients) or one course (1 patient) of chemotherapy: etoposide, 120 mg/m 2 for 3 days; doxorubicin hydrochloride, 20 mg/m 2 ; and cisplatin, 100 mg/m 2 . Restaging by EUS was done after treatment. Ten patients then underwent resection of the tumor with lymphadenectomy. One patient was found to have metastatic disease at thoracotomy and did not undergo resection. However, tissue sampling was adequate for the determination of pathological stage. Independent pathological determinations of T and N were then obtained. On completion of chemotherapy, 9 patients (82%) had relief or reduction of preoperative symptoms, and 9 patients (82%) had either no evidence of tumor or reduction of tumor size by endoscopy. Despite this clinical and endoscopic response, no patient had EUS-documented and pathology-confirmed reduction of T. However, 2 patients had EUS-documented and pathology-confirmed progression of N. The accuracy of EUS in the determination of T was 82% and of N, 73%. We conclude that EUS offers a unique evaluation of the esophageal wall and adjacent tissue and is superior to symptomatic or endoscopic assessment of the effect of preoperative chemotherapy in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma.
Contributions of Land-Use History to Carbon Accumulation in U.S. Forests

Carbon accumulation in forests has been attributed to historical changes in land use and the enhancement of tree growth by CO 2 fertilization, N deposition, and climate change. The relative contribution of land use and growth enhancement is estimated by using inventory data from five states spanning a latitudinal gradient in the eastern United States. Land use is the dominant factor governing the rate of carbon accumulation in these states, with growth enhancement contributing far less than previously reported. The estimated fraction of aboveground net ecosystem production due to growth enhancement is 2.0 ± 4.4%, with the remainder due to land use.
Alfonso López Pumarejo and Liberal Radicalism in 1930s Colombia

This article locates the first regime of Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo (the Revolution en marcha, 1934–8) within the social dynamics of Colombia's polarised party system, rather than the developmentalist and class dynamics that are frequently invoked. Lopez's economic and political thought is shown to be far closer to the partisan and antistatist traditions of Colombian liberalism than is often assumed, and his rise to power is depicted as a victory of political strategy rather than class alliances. After surveying the role of the Accion Liberal group of intellectuals in the radicalisation of Liberal discourse, culminating in the constitutional reform of 1936, the article offers hypotheses about the transitory nature of Lopez-era Liberal radicalism.
Crossing No Man's Land: Cooperation From the Trenches

This paper represents an attempt to bridge the gap between rational and psychological models of choice, as represented by expected utility theory and prospect theory, and to show how researchers from different traditions can start to work together on problems of interest to both. A central issue for both models concerns the origin of preferences and how they might be predicted. Two questions of interest to all social scientists are related to the formation of preferences: What determines what people want, and what determines what people do once they know what they want? The incorporation of emotion into models of decision-making may help users of divergent models find common ground for exploration and investigation.
Matrices induced by endomorphisms of finite sets

Abstract A map σ from a linearly ordered finite set into itself induces a matrix A(σ). If σ is a cyclic permutation, A(σ) is either primitive or reducible. In the latter case the characteristic polynomial of A(σ) has a product decomposition. If σ is monotonic, then both factors arise from the characteristic polynomials of induced permutations.
Some Assessments of Business Communication Scholarship from Social Science Citations.

This article reports Social Sciences Citation Index®citations of six periodicals, three that cover business communication explicitly and three that address related areas. The results indicate that business communication articles are cited by many different journals—primarily in the areas of written communication, social sciences and education, and business and economics—but are not cited frequently. The results also indicate that business communication periodicals compare favorably on several indexes of impact with 10 communication journals studied by Clement So. Some differences are noted between the six journals, and the most-cited business communication articles are identified.
Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Anteromedial Approach Without Hyperflexion

The primary goal of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery is to recreate the patient's native ligament. We describe an anteromedial drilling technique using a flexible reamer to place an anatomic femoral tunnel without the need for hyperflexion. Identifying the anterior cruciate ligament insertion sites can be accurately performed using measurements from known anatomy. The central femoral insertion is 8.5 mm superior and 2.0 mm deep to the low point on the lateral wall of the notch with the knee in 90° flexion. Anteromedial drilling using a flexible reaming system requires flexion of at most 110° during guide pin placement, and subsequently, tunnel preparation can be performed at less knee flexion. A standard tibial guide is used to place the tibial tunnel based on the constraints of the intercondylar notch. The tibial tunnel is placed slightly anterior and medial to the desired position, as the graft will exit to the posterior and lateral aspect of the tibial tunnel. Femoral fixation is performed with an interference screw placed without hyperflexion. Tibial fixation with an interference screw is performed with the knee in full extension to provide normal anterior translation without overconstraining the knee.
Faedo-Galerkin weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations with dirichlet boundary conditions are suitable

Faedo-Galerkin weak solutions of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations supplemented with Dirichlet boundary conditions in bounded domains are suitable in the sense of Scheffer [V. Scheffer, Hausdorff measure and the Navier-Stokes equations, Comm. Math. Phys. 55 (2) (1977) 97-112] provided they are constructed using finite-dimensional approximation spaces having a discrete commutator property and satisfying a proper inf-sup condition. Finite element and wavelet spaces appear to be acceptable for this purpose. This result extends that of [J.-L. Guermond, Finite-element-based Faedo-Galerkin weak solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations in the three-dimensional torus are suitable, J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 85 (3) (2006) 451-464] where periodic boundary conditions were assumed.
Effect of urate on nitric oxide microcirculatory response in the rat tail to body heating.

Objective:The objective of this study was to determine if nitric oxide (NO)-mediated cutaneous vasodilation depends on urate concentrations. Methods:Capillary blood cell velocities (BCV) in the tail capillary vessels of anesthetized, heat-stressed Sprague-Dawley rats were measured by the videomicroscopy method, and the femoral mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded on a Grass polygraph. The effects of urate or urate and NO production on the above parameters were determined by using specific inhibitors of these compounds, for example, allopurinol (All) or All or N-nitro-L-arginine (NNA), respectively. Urate concentrations were determined by an enzymatic, colorimetric method, and total nitrite levels were measured fluorometrically. Results:During heat stress, All or All and NNA significantly decreased plasma urate or urate and total nitrite concentrations, respectively, and the response of vascular conductance (estimated as a ratio of BCV to MAP). Urate administration, after All and NNA pretreatment, res...
Studies on Limnobiotic Conditions in a Thermal Spring at Tajura, (Tripoli), Libya

Summary: Studies on a hot spring at Tajura (Libya) indicated narrow fluctuations in water temperature (43 … 44.5 °C) near the source site. A wide thermal gradient of 10 K between two sampling sites (near the source and in the marsh) recorded in December narrowed to 3 … 4.5 K in March. Similar pH values (6.7) near the source increased along the runoff channel and touched 6.9 in the marsh. Bicarbonate alkalinity always exceeded 400 mg/l; likewise conductivity was remarkably high (>4700 μS/cm). Scarce algal growth was observed near the source site, though mats of variable thickness prevailed along the runoff channel and in the marsh.
Application of hair analysis to document coercive heroin administration to a child

This paper describes the application of hair analysis in a judicial case to document coercive heroin administration to a 5-year-old child, who was admitted with overdose symptoms to an intensive care division. Segmental hair analysis was performed in order to determine if drug consumption had continued. Quantitative results showed the presence of morphine and O-6-monoacetylmorphine (MAM) in increasing amounts from the second to the distal segment of hair, each approximately corresponding to a period of time of one month. MAM concentrations ranged from 0.2 ng/mg in the second segment of hair to 0.6 ng/mg in the distal segment; morphine concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 ng/mg. Limits of detection were 0.1 ng/mg for morphine and 0.2 ng/mg for MAM. The proximal segment of hair, which corresponded to the period that the child was housed in a social center, was negative for opiates.
The Link Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Dysfunction in Alzheimer Disease

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a primary cause of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly population worldwide. Despite the allocation of enormous amounts of funding and resources to studying this brain disorder, there are no effective pharmacological treatments for reducing the severity of pathology and restoring cognitive function in affected people. Recent reports on the failure of multiple clinical trials for AD have highlighted the need to diversify further the search for new therapeutic strategies for cognitive dysfunction. Thus, studies detailing the neuroprotective effects of physical activity (PA) on the brain in AD were reviewed, and mechanisms by which PA might mitigate AD-related cognitive decline were explored. A MEDLINE database search was used to generate a list of studies conducted between January 2007 and September 2014 (n=394). These studies, along with key references, were screened to identify those that assessed the effects of PA on AD-related biomarkers and cognitive function. The search was not limited on the basis of intensity, frequency, duration, or mode of activity. However, studies in which PA was combined with another intervention (eg, diet, pharmacotherapeutics, ovariectomy, cognitive training, behavioral therapy), and studies not written in English were excluded. Thirty-eight animal and human studies met entry criteria. Most of the studies suggested that PA attenuates neuropathology and positively affects cognitive function in AD. Although the literature lacked sufficient evidence to support precise PA guidelines, convergent evidence does suggest that the incorporation of regular PA into daily routines mitigates AD-related symptoms, especially when deployed earlier in the disease process. Here the protocols used to alter the progression of AD-related neuropathology and cognitive decline are highlighted, and the implications for physical therapist practice are discussed.
Implementation and performance of SIBYLS: a dual endstation small-angle X-ray scattering and macromolecular crystallography beamline at the Advanced Light Source

The SIBYLS beamline (12.3.1) of the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, supported by the US Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health, is optimized for both small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and macromolecular crystallography (MX), making it unique among the world's mostly SAXS or MX dedicated beamlines. Since SIBYLS was commissioned, assessments of the limitations and advantages of a combined SAXS and MX beamline have suggested new strategies for integration and optimal data collection methods and have led to additional hardware and software enhancements. Features described include a dual mode monochromator [containing both Si(111) crystals and Mo/B4C multilayer elements], rapid beamline optics conversion between SAXS and MX modes, active beam stabilization, sample-loading robotics, and mail-in and remote data collection. These features allow users to gain valuable insights from both dynamic solution scattering and high-resolution atomic diffraction experiments performed at a single synchrotron beamline. Key practical issues considered for data collection and analysis include radiation damage, structural ensembles, alternative conformers and flexibility. SIBYLS develops and applies efficient combined MX and SAXS methods that deliver high-impact results by providing robust cost-effective routes to connect structures to biology and by performing experiments that aid beamline designs for next generation light sources.
Effect of Atropine on Meal-Stimulated Gastrin and Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP) Release*

The effect of atropine on meal-stimulated gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and gastrin release was studied in 5 purebred foxhounds and compared with control studies done in the same animals given a meal without atropine. Without atropine, peak incremental serum gastrin occurred between 5 and 15 min after the meal whereas the greatest increment in serum GIP occurred 60 min postcibal. Atropine had no effect on basal concentrations of gastrin or GIP. However, when atropine was given before feeding serum gastrin concentrations from 75 to 120 min postcibal were significantly higher (P < 0.04) than after the meal alone. The normal meal-stimulated rise in serum GIP was almost completely inhibited by atropine. We conclude that: 1) the rise in serum gastrin after a meal preceeds the rise in serum GIP; 2) atropine potentiates the late gastrin response while suppressing the increase in serum GIP after a meal; and 3) the mechanism by which atropine potentiates gastrin release may be related to its suppressive eff...
Effect of uniform versus expanding retrieval practice on the recall of physiology information.

The purpose of this study was to compare the retention of selected physiology concepts throughout 30 days of two different uniform schedules of retrieval and two different expanding schedules of re...
Prostitution, Sex Work and Violence: Discursive and Political Contexts for Five Texts on Paid Sex, 1987–2001

This article deals with the trope of the victimised, female body in feminist debates on the selling of sexual services. The notion of ‘violence’ is central to the construction of a key axis of the debates. The article explores these issues by discussing five recent and historical feminist works on prostitution/sex work, and touches on works which address methodological issues of gathering information on an activity which is, by definition, illicit, stigmatised and socio-politically marginalised. The essay brings out several tensions in the framing of the present debates, especially regarding the varied contexts of ‘the West’ and the ‘non-West’, as well as issues of macropolitical change, including economic globalisation. It concludes with the ways in which the texts serve to disaggregate the concepts of ‘sex work’ and ‘violence’.
Vertical integration and incentives to innovate

Abstract In this paper, two upstream innovators invest to improve process innovations used by two downstream producers. At the beginning of the game, each innovator licenses its technology to one producer and they can agree to integrate vertically. Then, investment takes place and successful innovators choose their licensees. When technologies are not costlessly substitutable, the prices of licenses rise with the size of the switching costs. This affects ex-ante incentives to invest, and efficient technologies with low switching costs may disappear. As a result, ex-ante vertical integration is privately beneficial.
Processability of Composite Materials Containing Chitosan

The processability of polypropylene fibers into composite materials was characterized by dynamic wettability measurements. Single fibers were immersed in a series of aqueous acidic solutions of chitosan. Variations in the wetting force, observed for progressive and successive immersions of the fibers in the liquid, indicated adsorption of species out of the solution or the presence of foreign materials on the surface of the solid. The value of the advancing wetting force was used to assess the coating of the fibers by the liquid. Data on the surface composition of the fibers were obtained by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The conditions of preparation of the composite materials containing chitosan were determined from the correlation of the observations on wettability, surface composition and scanning electron microscopy.
Tissue folacin stores in rats measured by radioassay.

SummarySerum and liver folacin levels determined by competitive protein binding assay fell rapidly after the administration of folacin-depleting diets to female rats and returned to normal after dietary repletion with folic acid. Values of liver folacin measured by radioassays were comparable to values concurrently-determined by assay with Lactobacillus casei. Liver, serum, and kidney folacin levels were similar to those previously determined in this laboratory and to published values for total folacin determined by L. casei. Incubation of liver homogenates for 3-5 hr at 37° led to a threefold increase in folacin concentration when measured by L. casei, but did not alter values determined by radioassay.The results suggest that competitive protein binding offers a feasible and conventional technique for measuring total folacin content of rat tissues.
New insights in swine model of ventricular tachycardia using quantitative myocardial tissue characterization

Background Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is often responsible for sudden cardiac death and is generally triggers by the presence of reentry circuits related to a chronic myocardial scar. We have recently developed a novel swine model of VT, where sustained monomorphic reentrant VT can be induced in all animals. This new model offers exciting opportunities for better understanding the underlying substrate of VT, as well as for the development of new mapping and ablation strategies. In this study, we sought to provide in-vivo tissue characterization of this model using myocardial tissue characterization techniques of T1, T2 and high-resolution LGE.
MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION OF EGG AND CLUTCH STRUCTURE IN AMPHIBIANS

Abstract The first part of this synthesis summarizes the morphology of the jelly layers surrounding an amphibian ovum. We propose a standard terminology and discuss the evolution of jelly layers. The second part reviews the morphological diversity and arrangement of deposited eggs—the ovipositional mode; we recognize 5 morphological classes including 14 modes. We discuss some of the oviductal, ovipositional, and postovipositional events that contribute to these morphologies. We have incorporated data from taxa from throughout the world but recognize that other types will be discovered that may modify understanding of these modes. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary context of the diversity of clutch structure and present a first estimate of its evolution.
Concurrent Desalination and Hydrogen Generation Using Microbial Electrolysis and Desalination Cells

The versatility of bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) makes them promising for various applications, and good combinations could make the system more applicable and economically effective. An integrated BES called microbial electrolysis and desalination cell (MEDC) was developed to concurrently desalinate salt water, produce hydrogen gas, and potentially treat wastewater. The reactor is divided into three chambers by inserting a pair of ion exchange membranes, with each chamber serving one of the three functions. With an added voltage of 0.8 V, lab scale batch study shows the MEDC achieved the highest H2 production rate of 1.5 m3/m3 d (1.6 mL/h) from the cathode chamber, while also removing 98.8% of the 10 g/L NaCl from the middle chamber. The anode recirculation alleviated pH and high salinity inhibition on bacterial activity and further increased system current density from 87.2 to 140 A/m3, leading to an improved desalination rate by 80% and H2 production by 30%. Compared to slight changes in desalinati...
Implementing practice guidelines: lessons from public mental health settings

There is evidence that state-of-the-art psychiatric treatments are not being translated into community settings, resulting in the de facto denial of up-to-date psychiatric care for many Americans with mental illness. Although multiple models of evidence-based care exist, little is known about how to disseminate information regarding these models to clinicians in real-world practice. Suggested solutions have included the use of published practice guidelines, such as the American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines and the Expert Consensus Guidelines, or algorithm-based programs, such as the Texas Medication Algorithm Project. Unfortunately, the real-world utility of practice guidelines tends to be limited, because their implementation depends entirely on practitioner self-motivation. Similarly, the use of algorithm-based programs may be limited by their pervasive high specificity, practitioner resistance, and various patient misperceptions. Another solution is the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs), such as the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) EBPs. However, states' use of the SAMHSA EBPs has been hampered by misalignment of the funding structure, lack of information regarding EBPs, high costs to train and supervise staff, staff turnover, and a lack of resources. As a result, federal and clinical/professional agencies have called for a change in the nation's mental health care delivery system, supplying persuasive arguments for the economic and clinical superiority of integrated care models. One such model, the Missouri Medical Risk Management (MRM) Program for Medicaid Recipients with Schizophrenia, currently assists patients identified as being at high risk for adverse medical and behavioral outcomes. Preliminary results from the Missouri MRM Program are described.
Vico's 'Ingenious Method' and Legal Education

Contemporary discussions about the need to reform legal education, culminating in the 2007 Carnegie Report, should be put into a broader historical, philosophical and ethical perspective. Three hundred years ago the Italian humanist, Giambattista Vico delivered his famous oration, "On the Study Methods of Our Time," in which he lamented the rise of Cartesian critical philosophy at the expense of the cultivation of imagination, prudence and eloquence. Vico discussed law and legal education as his primary example, and his oration therefore provides an incredible resource for our contemporary deliberations.Part One considers the literature addressing the demise of legal professionalism in terms of both theory and practice, with particular attention to work by Karl Llewellyn, Anthony Kronman, and the Carnegie Report. Part Two describes Vico's celebration of the "ingenuous method" of arguing from commonplaces, and shows how he linked this approach to education to law. Part Three considers the import of Vico's work for today's discussions and contends that legal education must seek to cultivate rhetorical knowledge, and that legal professionalism is largely shaped by rhetorical knowledge. The final version of this article will appear in a Symposium of the Chicago-Kent Law Review entitled, "Recalling Vico's Lament: The Role of Prudence and Rhetoric in Law and Legal Education."
Frequency of Natural Events

In order to explain magnetic frequency relationships, development of cumulative frequency curve and its statistical interpretation are discussed; from frequency curve, relation between magnitude and design period in years is derived; applicability of procedure is shown by sampling from 1023-yr period of tree-ring indexes.
Reflections on the Addis Ababa Immunization Conference of 2016

The inter-ministerial conference on immunization held at AU headquarters in February 2016 came, by coincidence, almost exactly 30 years after the first international immunization conference I attended, convened by World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF in Mbabane in December 1985. Times have changed. In 1985, there was no Gates Foundation, there was no Global Vaccine Alliance (GAVI) Alliance, and there was no global commitment to polio eradication.
SAPHO Syndrome: Imaging Findings of Vertebral Involvement

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Imaging findings in patients with a combination of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) are often misinterpreted as discitis/osteomyelitis or metastases, resulting in multiple biopsies and delayed diagnosis. We have incidentally noted a semicircular morphology in vertebral body imaging in several cases of SAPHO syndrome with vertebral involvement. Our goal was to evaluate the prevalence of this distinctive morphology in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with SAPHO syndrome diagnosed between July 1998 and August 2013 was conducted. A descriptive analysis of MR imaging, CT, radiography, bone scanning, and PET imaging was performed for the presence and distribution of vertebral body signal intensity or attenuation changes and/or enhancement; contiguous vertebral body involvement; vertebral body collapse; endplate irregularity; disc space, facet, and spinous process involvement; subligamentous thickening; and paraspinal soft-tissue involvement. RESULTS: Eighteen patients (16 women [89%]; mean age, 52.9 years) with SAPHO and spine involvement were included. Contiguous involvement of ≥2 vertebral bodies was found in 16 patients (89%), with a curvilinear or “semicircular” pattern involving portions of adjacent vertebral bodies in 10 (63%, P = .14). Most intervertebral discs demonstrated absence of abnormal T2 hyperintensity (73%) and enhancement (89%). Subligamentous thickening was present in 12 (67%). Paraspinal soft-tissue involvement was present in 6 (33%). CONCLUSIONS: SAPHO syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis in a patient with a curvilinear or semicircular pattern of vertebral involvement, contiguous vertebral body involvement, and absence of intervertebral disc edema and enhancement.
Development of the baculum of the long-tailed weasel.

SummaryThe bacula of castrated immature male long-tailed weasels developed to the adult type after the animals were implanted with pellets of testosterone propionate. The bacula of untreated castra...
Lateral differences in Ki‑67 in breast cancer

Morphological features of right- and left-sided breast cancer (BC) have been rarely studied. Ki-67 is an indepen- dent predictive marker for a local relapse, and for overall and disease-free survival. In previous literature, lateral differences in Ki-67 in BC have not been reported. Using immunohis- tochemical analysis, the biopsy material of 500 patients was investigated. Four BC parameters were investigated: The expression levels of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Ki-67 and Her-2-neu. A comparative analysis of Ki-67 in groups with right- and left-sided BC was performed. Lateral differences in Ki-67 in three age groups, ≤49, 50-59 and ≥60 years, were assessed. A higher expression of Ki-67 corre- sponded with right-sided BC (r=-0.08; P=0.046). Correlation of Ki-67 with the age of the patient was characteristic only for right-sided BC (r=-0.28; P<0.001). The comparative analysis revealed that tumors from patients with right-sided BC aged ≥60 years exhibited a lower Ki-67 index compared with tumors from patients aged ≤49 (P=0.003) and 50-59 years (P=0.000013). In left-sided BC, the Ki-67 in the different age intervals revealed no significant difference. On performing an assessment of lateral differences for the different age intervals, it was established that the Ki-67 index of right-sided BC was significantly higher compared with the left‑sided BC in two of the age groups, ≤49 (P=0.038) and 50-59 years (P=0.047). In the ≥60 years group, lateral differences in Ki-67 were not revealed (P=0.4). The analysis of lateral differences in Ki-67 in tumors of various receptor profiles revealed significant differences in Ki-67 of the right- and left-sided BC under ER + PR - (P=0.007) and ER - PR - (P=0.016) conditions. The reasons behind lateral and age differences of Ki-67 are discussed.
SMASH, a fragmentation and sequencing method for genomic copy number analysis

Copy number variants (CNVs) underlie a significant amount of genetic diversity and disease. CNVs can be detected by a number of means, including chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), but these approaches suffer from either limited resolution (CMA) or are highly expensive for routine screening (both CMA and WGS). As an alternative, we have developed a next-generation sequencing-based method for CNV analysis termed SMASH, for short multiply aggregated sequence homologies. SMASH utilizes random fragmentation of input genomic DNA to create chimeric sequence reads, from which multiple mappable tags can be parsed using maximal almost-unique matches (MAMs). The SMASH tags are then binned and segmented, generating a profile of genomic copy number at the desired resolution. Because fewer reads are necessary relative to WGS to give accurate CNV data, SMASH libraries can be highly multiplexed, allowing large numbers of individuals to be analyzed at low cost. Increased genomic resolution can be achieved by sequencing to higher depth.
Balancing effectiveness with responsiveness: Therapist satisfaction across different treatment designs in the Child STEPs randomized effectiveness trial

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between protocol design and therapist satisfaction in the Child STEPs Randomized Effectiveness Trial (Weisz et al., 2012). METHOD Therapist report was obtained at the close of 145 cases seen by 77 therapists, each of whom was randomized to a Standard evidence-based treatment (EBT), modular EBT, or usual care (UC) condition. RESULTS Analysis of satisfaction items revealed 2 correlated factors representing perceived effectiveness and perceived responsiveness of the treatments. Therapist total satisfaction scores were significantly higher for cases in the modular condition than for those in the standard EBT or UC conditions. With regard to specific dimensions, the modular and UC cases were rated significantly higher than standard EBT cases on the Responsiveness scale, whereas modular and standard EBT cases were rated significantly higher than UC on the Effectiveness scale. Finally, increases in Effectiveness scores from first to second case were significantly larger for Modular cases than for cases in both other study conditions, and increases from first to second case in Total Satisfaction scores were significantly larger for modular cases than for UC cases. CONCLUSIONS Therapist satisfaction with a treatment approach has independent dimensions, which can vary as a function of the protocol design. By virtue of being perceived as more effective than UC and more responsive than standard EBTs, the modular protocol design was also viewed as more overall satisfying than both, and secondary analysis suggested that these results were not due to mere first impressions of the protocols.
Advanced Multi-Role Lightweight Torpedo MU90

This paper describes the capability,design and application of the advanced multi-role lightweight torpedo MU90.MU90 torpedo is a NATO standard calibre fire-and-forgetlightweight torpedo(LWT),designed to attack any type nuclear or conventional submarine,and even homing torpedo with anechoic coat.It is designed and made with advanced ideas and outstanding technologies.The torpedo's performances,design features and tactical application are introduced in order to supply a reference to the development of domestic new LWT.
Trajectory piecewise quadratic reduced-order model for subsurface flow, with application to PDE-constrained optimization

Abstract A new reduced-order model based on trajectory piecewise quadratic (TPWQ) approximations and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is introduced and applied for subsurface oil–water flow simulation. The method extends existing techniques based on trajectory piecewise linear (TPWL) approximations by incorporating second-derivative terms into the reduced-order treatment. Both the linear and quadratic reduced-order methods, referred to as POD-TPWL and POD-TPWQ, entail the representation of new solutions as expansions around previously simulated high-fidelity (full-order) training solutions, along with POD-based projection into a low-dimensional space. POD-TPWQ entails significantly more offline preprocessing than POD-TPWL as it requires generating and projecting several third-order (Hessian-type) terms. The POD-TPWQ method is implemented for two-dimensional systems. Extensive numerical results demonstrate that it provides consistently better accuracy than POD-TPWL, with speedups of about two orders of magnitude relative to high-fidelity simulations for the problems considered. We demonstrate that POD-TPWQ can be used as an error estimator for POD-TPWL, which motivates the development of a trust-region-based optimization framework. This procedure uses POD-TPWL for fast function evaluations and a POD-TPWQ error estimator to determine when retraining, which entails a high-fidelity simulation, is required. Optimization results for an oil–water problem demonstrate the substantial speedups that can be achieved relative to optimizations based on high-fidelity simulation.
Prognosis of Open Spina Bifida

The outcome of 117 consecutive cases of open spina bifida treated unselectively from birth between 1963 and 1970 and reviewed 16-20 years later is reported from the Department of Urology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, England.
Worst case competitive analysis for online conic optimization

We provide a worst-case competitive analysis for two types of primal-dual greedy algorithms for a broad class of online conic optimization problems. This class contains problems such as online resource allocation, online routing in networks, online bipartite matching, Adwords, and Adwords with concave returns. One algorithm updates the primal and dual variables sequentially at each step, while the other algorithm updates them simultaneously. We derive a sufficient condition on the objective function that leads to a bound on the competitive ratio (using the ratio of the objective function to its Fenchel conjugate, which can be seen as a measure of “curvature”). We show how Nesterov's smoothing technique can be utilized to improve the competitive ratio, and in case of online Linear Programs, provide the optimal competitive ratio. We apply our results to a graph formation problem as a new example on the positive semidefinite cone that satisfies our sufficient condition.
The impact of participation in a Research/Writing Group on scholarly pursuits by non-tenure track clinical faculty

Abstract Background and purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success of a faculty Research/Writing Group (RWG) by quantifying the amount of scholarly productivity from participants in the group compared with that of a matched cohort. Educational activity and setting The RWG meets monthly to discuss current projects, providing an assessment of their scholarly activity. Participants offer ideas on improvement, resources and possible platforms for presentations and/or publications. Findings To evaluate the success of this model, scholarly production from the participants in the RWG was compared to a matched group of clinical non-tenure track faculty not participating in the group over a three year period. Faculty perception of RWG participation was evaluated by data collected through a survey using Qualtrics. Summary Participation in the RWG provided these junior faculty the support system to feel confident in their pursuit of scholarly activities; and therefore, they outpaced their counterparts in dissemination of their research.
Traces of History: Elementary Structures of Race / The Settler Complex: Recuperating Binarism in Colonial Studies

Patrick Wolfe’s sudden death in February 2016 has left a major void in the Australian and international academic communities. Wolfe’s scholarship, counsel, and friendship both touched and influence...
Intraverbal Training for Individuals with Autism: The Current Status of Multiple Control

Teaching complex intraverbal responding to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be challenging and often requires careful programming. Divergent and convergent multiple control are particularly important elements to incorporate into intraverbal training programs, as well as procedures to ensure responding is under control of both discriminative and conditional vocal verbal stimuli. The current study systematically reviewed research articles on intraverbal training methods for individuals with ASD published and available from 2005 to 2016. The purpose of the review was to assess the extent to which divergent and convergent control was incorporated into training and to determine whether systematic instruction ensured correct verbal conditional discriminations. Thirty-six studies met inclusion criteria and were included in this reviewed. A total of 5 studies taught intraverbal responding under divergent control and 21 taught responding under convergent control. Two studies sufficiently described procedures to ensure accurate verbal conditional discriminations across trials. The results highlight the need for additional research on systematic teaching procedures for complex intraverbal repertoires.
Stratigraphic architecture of the Mississippian limestone through integrated electrofacies classification, Hardtner field area, Kansas and Oklahoma

AbstractThe Mississippian Limestone formed through complex structural, stratigraphic, and diagenetic processes involving subsidence, tectonic uplift leading to periodic subaerial exposure, changes ...
Design of a SiC-based modular multilevel converter for medium voltage DC distriution system

The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is a promising converter choice for Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) distribution systems, where SiC devices can be readily adopted taking full advantage of this semiconductor's properties. Specifically, 1.7 kV SiC MOSFETs are used to build 1kV modules operating at 100 kHz, thus eliminating the need to use multiple modules to generate a high equivalent switching frequency. Furthermore, a full-bridge configuration is used to take advantage of the additional control and energy storage capabilities that it offers when compared to conventional half-bridge modules. The full in-depth design, controls, and testing of the MMC prototype for MVDC distribution systems is presented in this paper, including among others: component selection, control algorithms, control hardware implementation, precharge and discharge circuits, and protection scheme. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the proposed SiC-based converter.
Directional Self‐Sorting with Cucurbit[8]uril Controlled by Allosteric π–π and Metal–Metal Interactions

To maximize Coulombic interactions, cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) typically forms ternary complexes that distribute the positive charges of the pair of guests (if any) over both carbonylated portals of the macrocycle. We present here the first exception to this recognition pattern. Platinum(II) acetylides flanked by 4'-substituted terpyridyl ligands (tpy) form 2:1 complexes with CB[8] in an exclusively stacked head-to-head orientation in a water/acetonitrile mixture. The host encapsulates the pair of tpy substituents, and both positive Pt centers sit on top of each other at the same CB[8] rim, leaving the other rim free of any interaction with the guests. This dramatic charge imbalance between the CB[8] rims would be electrostatically penalizing, were it not for allosteric π-π interactions between the stacked tpy ligands, and possible metal-metal interactions between both Pt centers. When both tpy and acetylides are substituted with aryl units, the metal-ligand complexes form 2:2 assemblies with CB[8] in aqueous medium, and the directionality of the assembly (head-to-head or head-to-tail) can be controlled, both kinetically and thermodynamically.