cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bilateral blindness after cardiopulmonary bypass.

A 74-year-old white man with coronary artery disease (CAD) on medical management with isosorbide dinitrate, aspirin, furosemide, and captopril was scheduled for a triple-vessel bypass for the treatment of unstable angina. The patient had a 1% year history of CAD with the following cardiac risk factors: obesity, hypertension, male sex, and age above 70. There was no family history. tobacco use, or diabetes mellitus. The medical history was otherwise significant for congestive heart failure, mild chronic renal failure, and a recent episode of pneumonia with concurrent atrial fibrillation that resolved with the treatment of the infection and digitalization. Physical examination revealed an elderly white man in no acute distress with a blood pressure of 139175 mmHg and a HR of 70 beatsimin, height of 171 cm, and a weight of 86.9 kg. Lungs were clear to auscultation. The heart had a regular rate and no abnormal heart sounds. The patient had 1 + pitting edema of the ankles. No neurologic deficits were noted on a superficial examination, and no bruits were heard over the carotid arteries. Laboratory studies included a hematocrit of 4h.5<6. platelet count of 123,000/1_~L. serum digitalis level of 0.4 ng/mL. serum potassium of 4.4 mEq/L, and serum creatinine of 1.5 mg%. The ECG showed a normal sinus rhythm with lateral ST segment depression and left ventricular hypertrophy. A chest radiograph demonstrated cardiomegaly without evidence of pulmonary edema. The left ventriculogram showed severe hypokinesis in the anterolateral and apical segments and mild hypokinesis of the posterobasal and diaphragmatic segments. Mild mitral regurgitation was noted. Coronary angiography showed that the right coronary artery was dominant and had an 80% proximal stenosis and a 100% distal stenosis, the LAD had a 90% proximal stenosis at the distal left main and origin of the LAD. Finally, a 90% stenosis was seen in the second diagonal artery. Left ventricular ejection fraction determined by MUGA 3 months earlier Was 0.39. The patient was premeditated with morphine, 7 mg. scopolamine, 0.3 mg, IM. and ranitidine. I50 mg. and metoclopramide. 10 mg, PO. Before induction, two peripheral Igh mmHg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) 8 mmHg, central venous pressure (CVP) I mmHg, and thermodilution cardiac output (CO) 4.3 L!‘min. An intravenous induction was performed with etomidate (18 mg). fentanyl (2 mg). and vecuronium (12 mg). Correct endotra-
Preparation of Superhydrophobic Silica Thin Films for Antistiction of MEMS Devices Using a Novel Sol-Gel Process

Based on the theory of superhydrophobicity for low surface energy coatings, we describe a superhydrophobic antistiction silica coating for MEMS devices. The process uses a novel sol-gel process sequence with a eutectic liquid as a templating agent. The eutectic liquid displays negligible vapor pressure and very low melting point (12degC at ambient conditions) to reduce solvent loss during the high speed spincoating process. After a fluoroalkyl silane treatment, superhydrophobicity is achieved on the as-prepared silica thin film. The solvent can be extracted after the gelation and aging processes. Spin speed effect, eutectic liquid:TEOS ratio in the solution were systematically studied in order to optimize the surface roughness to ensure excellent super-hydrophobicity. Comparison of the silica thin films with silicon pillar surfaces showed that superhydrophobicity for the traditional sol-gel derived silica films demonstrated significant improvement, especially under humid conditions. The AFM force curve obtained with a tipless probe showed that the interaction force is greatly reduced on a rough silica superhydrophobic surface. This result offers great potential to reduce stiction failures in MEMS devices.
INTERFEROMETRIC WAVELENGTHS OF THORIUM LINES BETWEEN 2650 A AND 3400 A

Interferometric wavelengths, suitable for use as secondary standards of class “B”, are given for 68 thorium lines in the range 2650 to 3400 A, as emitted by a thorium-iodide electrodeless discharge tube without carrier gas. The rms deviation from the mean is 3×10−4 A. The method of preparation of a reliable and very intense thorium electrodeless tube is described.
Interaction of high-density lipoprotein with Trypanosoma brucei: effect of membrane stabilizers.

The specific lysis of bloodstream trypanosomes by serum from a nonpermissive mammalian host is the result of interaction between the serum trypanocidal factor (high-density lipoprotein) and the trypanosome surface. The studies described in this paper attempt to define further the mode of action of this cytotoxic lipoprotein. The binding of high-density lipoprotein to Trypanosoma brucei was instantaneous at 4°C and readily reversible. Binding was not mediated by the surface glycoprotein as removal of the surface coat enhanced binding at 4°C, and no stable glycoprotein-lipoprotein complex could be detected. Pretreatment of trypanosomes with the cross linker dimethylsuberimidate rendered cells resistant to lysis. Addition of membrane-stabilizing drugs, such as cytochalasins C, D, and E, and local anesthetics (dibucaine, tetracaine, and procaine), also inhibited high-density lipoprotein-induced cell lysis. The data presented support the idea that at 37°C lateral diffusion of the variant surface glycoprotein, an integral membrane protein, allows maximal high-density lipoprotein-cell interaction in serum-sensitive cells, and that altered properties of the plasma membrane induced by low temperature or the addition of cytochalasins, local anesthetics, or zinc inhibit this interaction, possibly by increasing the shielding of the plasma membrane by more rigidly anchored surface glycoprotein molecules.
Scaling of Block Design Items According to Point Complexity.

The present study was designed to determine if the number of points on the perimeter of block designs affects the difficulty level of the designs. A block-design test was constructed, using four designs each in 4 complexity groupings. Variables commonly used to increase the difficulty of block designs—such as number of blocks, color, and use of the diagonal—were controlled throughout the 16 designs. Differences between complexity groups were significant, and there were no significant sex differences. The results indicate that difficulty is a function of point complexity, although use of the diagonal is also an important factor.
SECM Measurement of the Fast Electron Transfer Dynamics between Au381+ Nanoparticles and Aqueous Redox Species at a Liquid/Liquid Interface

Quantitative measurements are reported of the rate of interfacial electron transfers (ET) between gold monolayer protected clusters (Au MPCs) dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane and aqueous redox species. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) current−distance approach curves were used to obtain the heterogeneous rate constant of ET between organic soluble Au38 clusters and an aqueous IrCl62- oxidant. The Au cluster cores, protected with a shell of phenylethylthiolate ligands, are sufficiently small (d ∼ 1.1 nm) to exhibit molecule-like redox activity. The evaluation of the ET rate constant at the nonpolarizable liquid/liquid interface was accomplished using an approach previously developed for bimolecular ET reactions between conventional redox entities. The dependences of the effective heterogeneous rate constant, kf, on the concentration of the aqueous redox mediator and reaction driving force were found to be in agreement with theoretical expectations.
Growth differentiation Factor-15/Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 induction through P53- and Tnf-independent mechanisms in liver, kidney, and lung injury

Abstract Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) is a divergent TGF-β family member overexpressed in numerous malignancies. Expression of MIC-1 correlates with disease stage in pancreatic and colon cancer and has been proposed as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. We have previously shown that the murine ortholog of MIC-1, Growth/Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15), is highly expressed in response to various acute liver injuries including those associated with subsequent carcinogenesis. Here we show that MIC-1 is overexpressed in chronic human liver disease, and furthermore, that GDF-15 is expressed in liver, kidney, and lung in various models of acute organ injury, including toxic/genotoxic, ischemic, surgical, and hyperoxic. We also show that Gdf15 is an immediate-early gene. GDF-15 expression after injury may be induced by the inflammatory response, since administration of TNF and, to a lesser extent IL-6, induced expression of Gdf15. Injury-induced Gdf15 expression was not reduced in mice deficient for both TNF receptor subtypes, however, suggesting that cytokine signaling is not required for GDF-15 expression. As well, although the stress sensor p53 is widely recognized to induce MIC-1 expression, injury-induced Gdf15 expression was unchanged in p53 null mice. Our results demonstrate that GDF-15 expression following injury is regulated by both paracrine (cytokine) and autocrine (p53) mechanisms, and in more tissues than previously recognized. Taken together with its described activities, these data suggest that MIC-1/GDF-15 production may regulate inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and perhaps migration in injured tissues, and moreover, may influence carcinogenesis and cancer progression in settings of genotoxic injury.
Association quotients of aluminum sulphate complexes in NaCl media from 50 to 125 C: Results of a potentiometric and solubility study

The speciation and molal formation quotients for the complexation of aluminum with sulphate were measured based on potentiometric and solubility experiments. Potentiometric titrations, utilizing a hydrogen-electrode concentration cell, were performed from 50 to 125 C at ionic strengths of 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 molal in aqueous NaCl media. Two aluminum-sulphate species, AlSO{sub 4}{sup +} and Al(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}{sup {minus}}, were identified from the titration data and the formation quotients for these species were modeled by empirical equations to describe their temperature and ionic strength dependencies. Thermodynamic parameters for the complexation reactions were obtained by differentiating the empirical equations with respect to temperature. The thermodynamic quantities obtained for the formation of AlSO{sub 4}{sup +} at 50 C and infinite dilution are: logK{sub 1} = 3.7 {+-} 0.4, {Delta}H{sub 1}{degree} = {minus}10 {+-} 30 kJ/mol, {Delta}S{sub 1}{degree} = 40 {+-} 100 J/K{center_dot}mol and {Delta}C{sub p 1}{degree} = 1900 {+-} 800 J/K{center_dot}mol; whereas the values for Al(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}{sup {minus}} are: logK{sub 2} = 5.6 {+-} 0.7, {Delta}H{sub 2}{degree} = 10 {+-} 50 kJ/mol, {Delta}S{sub 2}{degree} = 100 {+-} 100 J/K{center_dot}mol and {Delta}C{sub p 2}{degree} = 2800 {+-} 800 J/K{center_dot}mol. A solubility study, which was undertaken to verify the 50 C potentiometric data,more » was performed by reacting powdered gibbsite (Al(OH){sub 3}) with sulphate solutions at 10{sup {minus}3.5} and 10{sup {minus}4} molal H{sup +}, total sulphate concentrations from 0.005 to 0.080 molal, and 0.1 and 1.0 molal ionic strength in aqueous NaCl media. The results of the solubility study are in good agreement with the potentiometric data and establish that Al-sulphate complexation substantially enhances the equilibrium solubility of gibbsite.« less
Coordination of N-methylpyrrolidone to iron(II)

Abstract The use of NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone) as a cosolvent has been shown to improve the yield of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, but surprisingly there are no iron complexes of NMP in the literature. This paper reports two novel NMP complexes of iron(II): Fe3Cl6(NMP)8 and LtBuFe(NMP)Cl (LtBu = bulky β-diketiminate ligand). The X-ray crystal structure of Fe3Cl6(NMP)8 shows an octahedral Fe ( NMP ) 6 2 + cation and two tetrahedral FeCl3(NMP)− anions. 1H NMR spectra show that the NMP ligands are labile, exchanging rapidly on the NMR time scale. The β-diketiminate complex has a trigonal pyramidal geometry with the NMP in an axial position. The use of NMP improves the yield of the catalytic cross-coupling of methyl 4-chlorobenzoate and 1-hexylmagnesium bromide using these and other iron complexes as precatalysts.
Energies of the lowest singlet S and triplet S states of helium by the local energy method

The least squares local energy method is applied to the helium atom in greater detail in a formulation which can easily be extended to more complicated atoms. The energies of the 1 1 S and 23 S states are calculated to be − 2.9025 H and − 2.1753 H respectively. These values are in excellent agreement with the non-relativistic values of − 2.9037 H and − 2.1752 H calculated by Pekeris.
Thermal stability of PNA/DNA and DNA/DNA duplexes by differential scanning calorimetry

Thermodynamics of the thermal dissociation transitions of 10 bp PNA/DNA duplexes and their corresponding DNA/DNA duplexes in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) were determined from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The PNA/DNA transition temperatures ranged from 329 to 343 K and the calorimetric transition enthalpies ranged from 209 +/- 6 to 283 +/- 37 kJ mol(-1). The corresponding DNA/DNA transition temperatures were 7-20 K lower and the transition enthalpies ranged from 72 +/- 29 to 236 +/- 24 kJ mol(-1). Agreement between the DSC and UV monitored melting (UVM) determined transition enthalpies validated analyzing the UVM transitions in terms of a two-state transition model. The transitions exhibited reversibility and were analyzed in terms of an AB = A + B two-state transition model which yielded van't Hoff enthalpies in agreement with the transition enthalpies. Extrapolation of the transition enthalpies and free energy changes to ambient temperatures yielded more negative values than those determined directly from isothermal titration calorimetry measurements on formation of the duplexes. This discrepancy was attributed to thermodynamic differences in the single-strand structures at ambient and at the transition temperatures, as indicated by UVM measurements on single DNA and PNA strands.
Affordances and reflexivity in ethical life: An ethnographic stance

Naturalistic, normative, and ethnographic approaches to ethical life seem to describe very different worlds. Focusing on ordinary social interactions and ideologies surrounding them, this article argues the ethnographic stance allows us to look in two directions, where we can see some points of articulation among these worlds. In one, the domain of naturalistic explanations, ethical life draws on affordances offered by psychological, linguistic, and other processes usually described as operating beneath the level of people’s awareness. In the other, the normative domain of reasons, principles, and arguments about them, it is the demands of ordinary social interaction that form some of the most ubiquitous inducements for people to account for themselves in ways that can become conscious, reflexive, and purposeful. When explicit reasons and justifications result they may give rise to historical objects like moral codes and ethical precepts.
A fast collocation method for an inverse boundary value problem

In this paper, we present an implementation of a fast multiscale collocation method for boundary integral equations of the second kind, and its application to solving an inverse boundary value problem of recovering a coefficient function from a boundary measurement. We illustrate by numerical examples the insensitive nature of the map from the coefficient to measurement, and design and test a Gauss-Newton iteration algorithm for obtaining the best estimate of the unknown coefficient from the given measurement based on a least-squares formulation.
Waves in stably stratified turbulent flow

Two approaches for the identification of internal gravity waves in sheared and unsheared homogeneous stably stratified turbulence are investigated. First, the phase angle between the vertical velocity and density fluctuations is considered. It is found, however, that a continuous distribution of the phase angle is present in both weakly and strongly stratified flows. Second, a projection onto the solution of the linearized inviscid equations of motion of unsheared stratified flow is investigated. Solutions of the fully nonlinear viscous Navier–Stokes equations are thus decomposed into vertical wave modes and horizontal vortical modes. However, this decomposition includes some ‘turbulent’ motions in the ‘wave’ field when the Froude number is non-zero. In fact, for Fr > 5 the flow kinetic energy is nearly equally split between the turbulent and wave fields for all wave numbers, as for unstratified flows. This calls into question the adequacy of this decomposition, at least for weak or moderate stratification.
Analytical solution to a minimal cardiovascular model

Lumped-parameter models of the cardiovascular system have been used extensively in the past, especially when coupled to time-varying elastance (or compliance) representations of ventricular contraction. In this paper, we use a physiologically motivated approximation to the time- varying compliance waveform to derive analytical solutions to the short-term (intra-beat) and long-term (inter- beat) evolution of a minimal cardiovascular model. We show that this approximation turns a non-linear, periodically varying model into one that is periodically-varying and linear for physiologically reasonable initial conditions. The solution to the equations of motion takes the form of an affine transformation of the initial conditions. The methodology outlined in this paper is applicable to larger versions of the type of models considered here.
Design and implementation of a wireless data acquisition system

The purpose of this project was to design and implement a system containing all the equipment necessary to monitor, record and control an experiment while still maintaining portability. A portable data acquisition system, with wireless local area network (LAN) connection, was designed and implemented using off-the-shelf and custom-made components. The Engineering Faculty was consulted regarding their individual needs in data acquisition. Components were selected in accordance to the Department's needs while taking into account the most cost-effective solutions.
Corrosion countermeasures for LNG storage tanks made of series 5083 aluminum–magnesium alloy

Natural gas as produced contains various kinds of gaseous hydrocarbons and nitrogen and is purified to ensure safe storage and use. Finally, the gas is cooled to below −162 °C to liquefy it, resulting in purified LNG, because it is non-corrosive. Independent prismatic storage tanks are made of thick plates of the 5083-series aluminum–magnesium (Al–4Mg) alloy that is grouped with corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys. The tanks are covered in insulation and stored in a ship hull, which means the aluminum alloy LNG storage tanks are not prone to corrosion while in use. The tanks are to be used not only for storing LNG, but also as floating storage tanks and offloading units at offshore bases. When the Al–4Mg alloy is to be utilized to construct a large LNG storage tank, numerous alloy sheets are required. Here, one recommended method for storing the alloy sheets involves using resin board spacers of insulating plastic materials to avoid any undesired modification of the alloy sheet surfaces during storage. The inner surface of the tank thus constructed is temporarily exposed to corrosive conditions, of the type encountered when conducting water-filling hydraulic tests to assess the structural integrity of the tank constructed. The water used for the water-filling hydraulic test contains very few corrosive chemicals or precipitation substances and the surface should be kept dry once the water-filling hydraulic test is complete. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intracranial stenting as monotherapy in subarachnoid hemorrhage and sickle cell disease

Introduction Although there have been a few reports of coiling intracranial aneurysms in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), there are no reports of intracranial stent placement in this patient population. A patient in whom stent placement was utilized as monotherapy to treat a blister-like aneurysm is described and the implications of SCD and endovascular treatment are discussed. Case report A 37-year-old man with SCD presented with diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiography confirmed a 2 mm irregular aneurysm on the posterior cerebral artery which was treated with an oversized Neuroform 3 stent that was placed across the aneurysm neck by the senior author (KRB). Follow-up CT angiography showed no residual aneurysmal filling. The patient was discharged home in a stable condition, and he continues to do well 4 weeks following the procedure with no recurrence of the aneurysm. Discussion This report reviews hypercoagulability in SCD and the treatment options for intracranial aneurysms in patients with SCD. Additionally, the reported case suggests that intracranial stent placement may be a viable option for treating complex intracranial aneurysms in SCD patients.
Improved Passivation of a-Si:H / c-Si Interfaces Through Film Restructuring

The as-deposited passivation quality of amorphous silicon films on crystalline silicon surfaces is dependent on deposition conditions and resulting hydrogen bonding structure. However the initial surface passivation can be significantly improved by low temperature post-deposition anneal. For example an improvement in effective lifetime from 780 μsec as-deposited to 2080 μsec post-anneal is reported in the present work. This work probes the hydrogen bonding environment using monolayer resolution Brewster angle transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of 100 A thick films. It is found that there is significant restructuring at the a-Si:H / c-Si interface upon annealing and a gain of mono-hydride bonding at the c-Si surface is detected. Calculations show an additional 3.56 − 4.50 × 1014 cm−2 mono-hydride bonding at c-Si surface due to annealing. The estimation of the surface hydride oscillator strength in transmission mode is reported for the first time to be 7.2 × 10−18 cm on Si (100) surface and 7.5 × 10−18 cm on Si (111).
Telomeres: Linking stress and survival, ecology and evolution

Telomeres are protective structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. The loss of telomeres through cell divi- sion and oxidative stress is related to cellular aging, organismal growth and disease. In this way, telomeres link molecular and cellular mechanisms with organismal processes, and may explain variation in a number of important life-history traits. Here, we discuss how telomere biology relates to the study of physiological ecology and life history evolution. We emphasize current knowledge on how telomeres may relate to growth, survival and lifespan in natural populations. We finish by examining interest- ing new connections between telomeres and the glucocorticoid stress response. Glucocorticoids are often employed as indices of physiological condition, and there is evidence that the glucocorticoid stress response is adaptive. We suggest that one way that glucocorticoids impact organismal survival is through elevated oxidative stress and telomere loss. Future work needs to establish and explore the link between the glucocorticoid stress response and telomere shortening in natural populations. If a link is found, it provides an explanatory mechanism by which environmental perturbation impacts life history trajectories (Current Zoology 56 (6): 714-727, 2010).
Pseudolipasin A is a specific inhibitor for phospholipase A2 activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin ExoU.

A number of bacterial pathogens utilize the type III secretion pathway to deliver effector proteins directly into the host cell cytoplasm. Certain strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with acute infections express a potent cytotoxin, exoenzyme U (ExoU), that is delivered via the type III secretion pathway directly into contacting host cells. Once inside the mammalian cell, ExoU rapidly lyses the intoxicated cells via its phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity. A high-throughput cell-based assay was developed to screen libraries of compounds for those capable of protecting cells against the cytotoxic effects of ExoU. A number of compounds were identified in this screen, including one group that blocks the intracellular activity of ExoU. In addition, these compounds specifically inhibited the PLA2 activity of ExoU in vitro, whereas eukaryotic secreted PLA2 and cytosolic PLA2 were not inhibited. This novel inhibitor of ExoU-specific PLA2 activity, named pseudolipasin A, may provide a new lead for virulence factor-based therapeutic design.
Interaction between the immune and neuroendocrine system – focus on dendritic cells and skin

Autoimmune diseases present clinically with many differences in disease pattern and are characterized by dysregulation of the immune response to inflammation, pain, disease, and stiffness. Cells of the innate immune system, such as dendritic cells (DCs), have been shown to stimulate production of autoantibodies and self-recognized T cells that induce autoimmune disease. DCs are considered amongst the most important of the antigen-presenting cells because of their highly efficient ability to present antigenic peptides in the presence of MHC class II molecules that activates naive lymphocytes. They also secrete cytokines and express costimulatory cell-surface molecules that facilitate lymphocyte activation. These cells are responsive to regulation by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, largely through the actions of the glucocorticoids. In addition to their long-recognized usefulness in pharmacotherapy of autoimmune diseases, glucocorticoids secreted the adrenal glands play an important physiologic anti-inflammatory role in regulating innate immunity. Interruption of this negative feedback loop by genetic, surgical, or pharmacological means leads to enhanced susceptibility to autoimmune/inflammatory disease. Evidence for the regulatory role of the HPA axis in autoimmune/inflammatory disease and its implications for treatment will be discussed.
Of Priestesses, Princes and Poor Relations: The Dead in the Royal Cemetery of Ur

Archaeological discoveries of dead individuals, usually in the form of burials, have frequently captured the imaginations of public and professional audiences alike. In addition to the allure of exotic artefacts and seemingly bizarre funeral rites, burials offer rich possibilities for investigating myriad aspects of past social, cultural and even individual life. This discussion focuses on one of the more renowned archaeological excavations of an ancient cemetery, the Royal Cemetery of Ur. Consideration of who was and who was not buried in the cemetery suggests that cemetery burial was the prerogative of those people who were closely attached to ‘public’ institutions. This leads to a number of observations on Sumerian treatment of the dead and attitudes toward death, as these can be approached from archaeological and textual sources.
Fat redistribution in HIV disease

Abstract Background: Abnormal distributions of body fat have been reported in association with HIV infection, including cases of both regional loss and gain of fat. Objective: We describe the spectrum of abnormal fat distribution in HIV-positive patients. Methods: Patients were included if they demonstrated a lack of subcutaneous fat in the cheeks in the absence of generalized wasting. Patients were examined fully and photographed, and medical records were reviewed. Results: Fourteen patients were seen. Further abnormalities of body fat distribution were noted in all patients. We found a consistent pattern of fat loss in the cheeks, temples, and extremities as well as fat gain over the neck, upper back, mastoid processes, chest, and visceral abdomen. Conclusion: A consistent syndrome of body fat redistribution is seen in HIV-positive patients. A characteristic pattern of fat loss in the cheeks may serve as a specific marker of HIV-related fat redistribution. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:727-30.)
Gas chromatographic measurements of infinite dilution diffusion coefficients of volatile liquids in amorphous polymers at elevated temperatures

Les polymeres etudies sont le polystyrene et l'acetate de polyvinyle. Determination des coefficients de diffusion (controles par le volume libre des polymeres au-dessus de la temperature critique)
Anglo-American Patristic Translations 1866–1900

Until after World War II there were three principal series of translations by which the Fathers were known to those in the English-speaking world whose ancient languages were inadequate or non-existent: the Library of the Fathers (LF), the Ante-Nicene Christian Library (ANCL), and the Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church (NPNF). The LF was the product of the Oxford Movement, with Pusey its guiding spirit; because of the literary importance of some of those involved in it, especially Newman, it has seemed worth a separate study. The other two series, which in a somewhat involved way complement each other, are of primarily historical interest, and may sensibly be considered together.
Earthquake-induced landslide mapping in the western Himalayas using medium resolution ASTER imagery

On 8 October 2005, a devastating earthquake struck northern Pakistan and several parts of Pakistani- and Indian-controlled Kashmir. The severely hit areas lie in close proximity to the most tectonically active region of the western Himalayas. The earthquake destroyed close to 400 000 houses and over 75 000 people lost their lives. The intensity of the earthquake was such that it triggered widespread landslides, which caused considerable destruction of the area's forests, and blocked the mountain roads and rivers. Satellite imagery-based analysis can be effectively used to provide critical geologic information for determining the causes of earthquakes, mapping of faults and lineaments, as well as for hazards and damage assessment mapping. In this study, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) imagery acquired on 27 October 2005 was analysed to assess earthquake-induced land cover changes in severely hit areas. Image analysis techniques including intensity hue and saturation (...
Molecular definition of the extreme size polymorphism in apolipoprotein(a)

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], an atherogenic lipoprotein, consists of an LDL particle complexed with a large glycoprotein, apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. Apo(a) is one of the most polymorphic expressed sequences in the human genome. The glycoprotein varies in size over a approximately 500 kDa range due to length polymorphisms in the apo(a) gene. The region of the apo(a) gene responsible for this size polymorphism was cloned and characterized. Apo(a) alleles of different length were found to contain varying numbers of a subset of a tandemly-repeated, 5.5 kilobase, kringle IV-encoding sequences. A total of 34 apo(a) alleles and glycoproteins could be distinguished using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and genomic blotting and immunoblotting. Molecular analysis of a newly-generated apo(a) allele of different length suggests that the high degree of length polymorphism is in part due to recombination between sister chromatids.
First Principles Theory of Mantle and Core Phases

The Earth’s interior is an extreme environment where the pressure and temperature (up to 3.6 Mbar or 360 GPa, and approximately 6000 K, respectively at Earth’s center) are sufficiently high to affect the structure, physics, and chemistry of minerals in often surprising ways that may confound our intuition based on studies at near-ambient conditions. Though the Earth’s interior deeper than 12 km has not been subject to in situ observation, observational evidence from seismology, combined with experimental and theoretical studies of Earth materials under extreme conditions, has allowed us to construct a picture of this remote region of the planet (Fig. 1⇓). Although the mineralogy of the uppermost mantle is familiar from studies of xenoliths, the deepest portion of the silicate mantle (2890 km depth, or 136 GPa) is more than twice as dense as average continental crust (Dziewonski and Anderson 1981), and is thought to be composed primarily of a phase not yet seen at the Earth’s surface: an Mg-rich meta-silicate with the perovskite structure. The Earth’s core is thought to be composed primarily of iron and is subdivided into a liquid outer part and a solid inner part. The inner core is 65% denser than iron at ambient conditions, partly due to the effects of compression, and partly to the stabilization, at high pressure, of a close-packed, paramagnetic phase of iron. Figure 1. Properties of the Earth’s interior: the density (bold line) as determined seismologically and the pressure (light line) calculated from the density distribution (Dziewonski and Anderson 1981). The density profile reflects the divisions of the Earth’s interior into mantle and core and the further subdivision into upper mantle, transition zone, and lower mantle, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. The temperature distribution cannot be directly observed below the uppermost crust and must be inferred. The bold …
The effects of child maltreatment on early signs of antisocial behavior: Genetic moderation by tryptophan hydroxylase, serotonin transporter, and monoamine oxidase A genes

Gene-environment interaction effects in predicting antisocial behavior in late childhood were investigated among maltreated and nonmaltreated low-income children (N = 627, M age = 11.27). Variants in three genes were examined: tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) upstream variable number tandem repeat. In addition to child maltreatment status, we considered the impact of maltreatment subtypes, developmental timing of maltreatment, and chronicity. Indicators of antisocial behavior were obtained from self-, peer, and adult counselor reports. In a series of analyses of covariance, child maltreatment and its parameters demonstrated strong main effects on early antisocial behavior as assessed by all report forms. Genetic effects operated primarily in the context of gene-environment interactions, moderating the impact of child maltreatment on outcomes. Across the three genes, among nonmaltreated children no differences in antisocial behavior were found based on genetic variation. In contrast, among maltreated children specific polymorphisms of TPH1, 5-HTTLPR, and MAOA were each related to heightened self-report of antisocial behavior; the interaction of 5-HTTLPR and developmental timing of maltreatment also indicated more severe antisocial outcomes for children with early onset and recurrent maltreatment based on genotype. TPH1 and 5-HTTLPR interacted with maltreatment subtype to predict peer reports of antisocial behavior; genetic variation contributed to larger differences in antisocial behavior among abused children. The TPH1 and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms also moderated the effects of maltreatment subtype on adult reports of antisocial behavior; again, the genetic effects were strongest for children who were abused. In addition, TPH1 moderated the effect of developmental timing of maltreatment and chronicity on adult reports of antisocial behavior. The findings elucidate how genetic variation contributes to identifying which maltreated children are most vulnerable to antisocial development.
Catalog of locations of nuclear explosions at Balapan, Kazakhstan, 1965 to 1985

Abstract Geographic locations for 81 explosions at the Balapan test site in Kazakhstan are derived with a precision of about 200 m from time-sequence LANDSAT MSS and SPOT satellite images combined with teleseismic epicenter estimates. The LANDSAT images were registered to ground control points from a SPOT image to provide high relative accuracy for feature comparison. Initial seismic location estimates for the explosions were derived using joint epicenter determination. For most events, there is little or no ambiguity in the association between seismic events and image features, owing to the frequency of the LANDSAT images and the spatial separation between explosions.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Sciadophycus stellatus (Rhodymeniales, Rhodophyta) supports its placement in the family Rhodymeniaceae

The marine red alga Sciadophycus stellatus E.Y.Dawson (1945) (Figure 1) was described from specimens dredged at 40–50 meters from the Kellett Channel, south shore of Cerros Island (also known as Cedros Island), Baja California, Mexico (Dawson 1945). This uncommon subtidal species occurs in southern California, Baja California, Mexico and Isla Floreana, Galapagos Islands (as Fauchea rhizophylla Taylor) (Dawson 1945, Abbott and Hollenberg 1976, Millar 2001, Aguilar-Rosas et al. 2010). In California, S. stellatus has been collected in San Diego County (UC2003699) and Palos Verdes Peninsula, Los Angeles County (UC1882843), on the mainland coast of southern California and, more commonly, offshore from Santa Catalina (UC1471598), Santa Barbara (UC2034301), Anacapa (WTU-A-012879) and Santa Cruz Islands (UC1965240). In Mexico, in addition to the type locality, it has been collected from Isla Los Coronados (UC1574390), La Bufadora (Aguilar-Rosas et al. 2010), Isla Natividad (UC1882846), Punta Eugenia (US13095) and Bahia Tortugas (US42090), Baja California (distribution records, unless otherwise cited, are based on specimens in herbaria at the University of California at Berkeley [UC], University of Washington [WTU-A], and the Smithsonian Institution [US]).
Slicing and characterizing typical-case behavior for component-based embedded systems

This dissertation addresses the problem of assisting a designer to characterize typical-case behavior in support of early, system-level decisions during codesign of component-based embedded systems. A source code description of system behavior is assembled from a configuration of components whose behavior is expressed using a hardware description language, such as Verilog, or a programming language, such as C. Specifically, solutions are proposed to the problems of (1) navigating, understanding, and exploring a lengthy, complex hardware-software source code specification, and (2) interactively identifying a characterization of typical-case behavior in such a source code specification. The proposed solution to the first problem extends a form of source code analysis called program slicing to enable examination of a combined hardware-software source code specification. A slice is a subset of source code that affects the computation at a specific point in the source code specification. Extensions to graph-based slicing are proposed to model, both, a partial system specification, and the behavior implemented in hardware and software components, focusing on interactions across the hardware-software boundary. An algorithm to compute a context-sensitive, inter-process slice is proposed. This extended form of slicing for codesign is especially helpful when an embedded system designer needs to identify a subset of a combined source code specification for subsequent detailed analysis. The proposed solution to the second problem is an evaluation scenario, which is a set of control-flows specified on an underlying flow graph representation of the source code. A notation is proposed to annotate the flow graphs, as well as an interactive algorithm to assist a designer to specify the control-flows. The evaluation scenario is useful in that it identifies paths that correspond to typical-case behavior, as distinguished from worst-case (or best-case) behavioral paths identified in traditional static analysis approaches. The first key contribution, slicing for codesign, proposes a novel set of dependence relationships to model hardware and software, as well as a context-sensitive slicing algorithm with precision enhancements for certain inter-process dependences. The second key contribution, the evaluation scenario, proposes a notation and interactive specification algorithm that characterizes typical-case behavior based on a static analysis of source code.
Educational Perspectives: A Structured Approach to Teaching Medical Procedures

Neonatology fellows must become competent at performing medical procedures during their fellowship training, and neonatology faculty members need to continue to maintain these skills. However, technical proficiency is challenging to attain and sustain. In this review, we present an overview of the cognitive theory of learning a technical skill and provide a structured, practical approach to teaching and supervising medical procedures. This educational paradigm can be tailored on the basis of learner experience, learner aptitude, and type of procedure. This review also summarizes potential strategies to assess procedural competence.
Biotransformation of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Alcohol (6:2 FTOH) by a Wood-Rotting Fungus

Biotransformation of 6:2 FTOH [F(CF2)6CH2CH2OH] by the white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, was investigated in laboratory studies. 6:2 FTOH is a raw material increasingly being used to replace products that can lead to long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs, ≥ 8 carbons). During a product’s life cycle and after final disposal, 6:2 FTOH-derived compounds may be released into the environment and potentially biotransformed. In this study, P. chrysosporium transformed 6:2 FTOH to perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), polyfluorocarboxylic acids, and transient intermediates within 28 days. 5:3 Acid [F(CF2)5CH2CH2COOH] was the most abundant transformation product, accounting for 32–43 mol % of initially applied 6:2 FTOH in cultures supplemented with lignocellulosic powder, yeast extract, cellulose, and glucose. PFCAs, including perfluoropentanoic (PFPeA) and perfluorohexanoic (PFHxA) acids, accounted for 5.9 mol % after 28-day incubation. Furthermore, four new transformation products as 6:2 FT...
"For Something beyond the Battlefield": Frederick Douglass and the Struggle for the Memory of the Civil War

In the first week ofJanuary 1883, on the twentieth anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation, a distinguished group of black leaders held a banquet in Washington, D.C., to honor the nineteenth century's most prominent Afro-American intellectual, Frederick Douglass. The banquet was an act of veneration for Douglass, an acknowledgment of the aging abolitionist's indispensable role in the Civil War era, a ritual of collective celebration, and an opportunity to forge historical memory and transmit it across generations. The nearly fifty guests comprised a who's who of black leadership in the middle and late nineteenth century. For the moment, rivalries and ideological disputes were suppressed. Sen. Blanche K. Bruce chaired the event. Robert Smalls, Edward Blyden, the Reverend Benjamin T. Tanner,
Bioassay procedure for an attractant of the pepper weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Captures of laboratory-reared adult pepper weevils, Anthonomus eugenii Cano, using either a bioassay chamber or traps in field cages baited with live male or female weevils, showed that the male produces an airborne female attractant. Dichloromethane extracts of the male weevil also attracted the female in laboratory bioassays, but not under field cage conditions. In the laboratory, 40 male equivalents in dichloromethane were required to attract females in numbers equal to those attracted by five live males. The potential for using traps baited with live males to capture females under field cage conditions was shown.
Analysis of Combinatorial Epigenomic States

Hundreds of distinct chemical modifications to DNA and histone amino acids have been described. Regulation exerted by these so-called epigenetic marks is vital to normal development, stability of cell identity through mitosis, and nongenetic transmission of traits between generations through meiosis. Loss of this regulation contributes to many diseases. Evidence indicates epigenetic marks function in combinations, whereby a given modification has distinct effects on local genome control, depending on which additional modifications are locally present. This review summarizes emerging methods for assessing combinatorial epigenomic states, as well as challenges and opportunities for their refinement.
Synergisitic inhibition of DNA repair by combining ß-lapachone with Nu7026 as a strategy for killing primary and metastatic breast cancers.

Abstract #3078 The primary tumors of most breast cancer patients are removed via resection or complete mastectomy. However, years after having their primary tumors removed many patients will need chemotherapy for metastatic disease that arises in distal sites such as lung and brain. It has been reported that many breast cancers overexpress the 2 electron oxidoreducase NQO1, a marker of tumorigenesis for a variety of cancers. Since NQO1 expression levels are low in normal tissue but elevated 10-100 fold in breast cancers, we hypothesized that NQO1 levels could be exploited for chemotherapy with s-lapachone. s-lapachone is a naturally derived plant product that is bioactivated by NQO1. In this study we show that s-lapachone (a DNA repair inhibitor) synergizes with the DNA-PK inhibitor Nu7026 to kill human breast cancer cell lines that express NQO1. Normal human breast tissues and breast cancer cell lines that did not express NQO1 were not affected by s-lapachone. In addition by using in vivo breast cancer models we demonstrated that s-lapachone effectively inhibited breast tumor growth in athymic mice. We also showed that s-lap was efficacious against lung tumors derived from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Finally, our simulated brain metastatic model showed that s-lap accumulated in brain tumors derived from MDA-MB-2331 cells. Together these data suggest that s-lap and s-lap in combination Nu7026 may be a potent combination for treating primary and metastatic breast cancer disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3078.
Enzyme histochemistry in plastic-embedded sections of normal and diseased kidneys

Interest in the role of mononuclear phagocytes in glomerulonephritis (GN) and in defining markers of renal neoplasms led the authors to study alpha-naphthyl acetate/butyrate esterase (ANAE/ANBE), alkaline phosphatase (AlkP), acid phosphatase (AcP), 5'-nucleotidase (5'N), and ATPase (ATP) activity in paraformaldehyde-fixed, plastic-embedded renal tissue from patients with a variety of pathologic conditions. These conditions included GN, renal tumors, and transplant rejection. Enzymatic staining for ANAE, ANBE, AcP, AlkP, and ATP was generally confined to tubules and collecting ducts in normal kidney. Nine of 10 cases of renal carcinoma had weakly to strongly positive reactions with AlkP, AcP, and ANAE; 9 of 10 cases of Wilms' tumor showed weakly positive reactions with AcP and ANAE, particularly in tubular structures. Severely damaged kidney allografts showed surprising retention of normal histochemical features. In all cases 5'N stained both glomerular capillaries and interstitial vasculature; ATPase and AlkP stained interstitial vessels only. Plastic embedding provides superb preservation of both microscopic anatomy and enzymatic activity, which may allow utilization of enzyme histochemistry for diagnostic and research purposes.