cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Taxes, Time, and Support for Security

New technologies have been developed in response to terrorism. These present problems for local officials: implementing technologies will be expensive, and no technologies exist that can be used to gauge demand. We apply contingent valuation methodologies to determine support for additional taxes to pay for new terrorism-related technologies and services. We present findings from a national survey about people's attitudes toward terrorism prevention and response. We find that respondents generally support new services and technologies and local tax increases to pay for them. We also find that respondents are willing to pay more if programs have everyday uses that would enhance public safety, but are less supportive as inconveniences increase.
Should light wind and windy nights have the same temperature trends at individual levels even if the boundary layer averaged heat content change is the same

[1] Long-term climate trends of surface air temperature should not be expected to have the same trends for light wind and stronger wind nights, even if the trends in the boundary layer heat fluxes were the same. Parker (2004) segmented observed surface temperature data into lighter and stronger wind terciles in order to assess whether the reported large-scale global-averaged temperature increases are attributable to urban warming. We conclude, however, that trends at an individual height depend on wind speed, thermodynamic stability, aerodynamic roughness, and the vertical gradient of absolute humidity. We present an analysis to illustrate why temperature values at specific levels will depend on wind speed, and with the same boundary layer heat content change, trends in temperature should be expected to be different at every height near the surface when the winds are light, as well as different between light wind and stronger wind nights. This introduces a complexity into the assessment of long-term surface temperature trends that has not been previously recognized.
Dysesthesia perceived as painful spasticity: A report of 3 cases

Lesions of the central nervous system often involve the pyramidal tracts and the sensory pathways to produce spasticity, paresthesias, and dysesthesia. Three patients with intractable spasticity were treated with intrathecal baclofen. Two had an implanted Medtronic SynchroMed pump for long-term delivery of the muscle relaxant. The third patient had undergone a screening trial in which the baclofen was delivered into the intrathecal space through a lumbar catheter. All had excellent relief of spasms on clinical examination, but they reported painful spasms particularly at night. Two of the patients were successfully treated for dysesthesia.
Women and plant closings: Unemployment, re-employment, and job training enrollment following dislocation

Major changes in the U.S. economy are leaving blue collar women vulnerable to extended unemployment, permanent job loss, or re-employment at lower wage and benefit levels. Consequently, retraining for other jobs may be a virtual necessity. Information about factors associated with women's employment status after job loss may be useful to policy makers and program planners providing assistance or training to dislocated women. This study of women workers, who are dislocated from jobs in textile and apparel plants in Georgia, identifies the differences between women who are unemployed, re-employed, or enrolled in job training programs following job loss. Findings suggest that stage of the family life cycle and the demands of combining production work and family responsibilities contribute to women's experience of unemployment and their labor market participation.
Esophageal adenocarcinoma cells do not traffic Fas Ligand to the cell surface: Evidence against the “Counterattack” hypothesis

Abstract Introduction. The expression of Fas Ligand (FasL) in normal tissues is limited to activated lymphocytes, macrophages, and immune-privileged tissues such as the testis, eye, brain, and placenta. The finding that many tumors also express FasL spawned the “Counterattack” hypothesis, which suggests that FasL-expressing tumors evade immune surveillance by inducing apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes that abundantly express the Fas receptor. We hypothesized that EA cell lines express FasL but do not traffic it to the cell surface, making them incapable of inducing Fas-mediated apoptosis of immune cells. Methods. FasL-expressing Jurkat T cells (positive control), immortalized squamous esophagus cells (SE), immortalized Barrett’s esophagus (BE), and three esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) cell lines were studied for FasL expression by immunoblotting. Subcellular localization was analyzed by immunostaining using laser-scanning confocal microscopy and FACScan analysis of cell-surface expression. Culture media were examined for soluble FasL by ELISA. Results. FasL expression was observed in all three EA cell lines and to a lesser degree in the SE cell line, but not in the immortalized BE cell line. Immunofluorescence of EA cells demonstrated that FasL protein was localized to the cytoplasm, predominantly in a perinuclear distribution. FACScan analysis confirmed the EA cell lines lack cell-surface expression, even after inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases. Trace amounts of FasL were detected in the media of all cell lines, but these levels did not differ from media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum alone (ANOVA). Conclusions. EA cells express FasL but do not traffic it to the cell surface. Thus, the function of FasL in EA is unlikely to be a “Counterattack” of immune cells. FasL expression in tumors may confer other advantages to the cancer cell.
Enalapril reduces microalbuminuria in young normotensive type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients irrespective of its hypotensive effect.

The effect of enalapril on albumin excretion rate was studied in two groups of age- and sex-matched Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, aged 15–20 years, with persistent microalbuminuria >20 μg/min. Group 1 contained six patients with systolic blood pressure ≥ 75th percentile for age and sex, group 2 six normotensive patients. Enalapril (10–20 mg/day) was given for six months. Albumin excretion rate, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, blood pressure at rest and during exercise, and angiotensin converting enzyme activity were measured before, after three weeks' and six months' treatment and six months after treatment withdrawal. Albumin excretion rate decreased in all patients after three weeks' (mean decreases 55% in group 1, 65% in group 2) and six months' treatment (35% in group 1, 61% in group 2). Systolic blood pressure remained unchanged in both groups. Diastolic pressure was reduced after three weeks in group 1 (p=0.001). No reduction in increment in systolic pressure during exercise test occurred in any group during treatment. Angiotensin converting enzyme activity decreased in all patients after three weeks (p=0.001) and six months (p=0.003). This correlated to the decrease in albumin excretion rate after three weeks (r=0.79, p=0.05) and six months (r=0.59, p=0.04). HbA1c, mean blood glucose and glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged during the study in both groups. Renal plasma flow tended to increase after three weeks' and six months' treatment in group 2 (p=0.06, respectively) but not in group 1. Filtration fraction decreased after three weeks (p=0.04) only in group 2. In conclusion, enalapril reduces the albumin excretion rate in adolescent diabetic patients with or without elevated blood pressure. This reduction was not accompanied by a decreased systemic pressure but rather by a fall in filtration fraction in normotensive patients, indicating a direct effect, irrespective of the antihypertensive, on intraglomerular pressure.
The effect of olfactory exposure to non-insecticidal agrochemicals on bumblebee foraging behavior.

Declines in bumblebee populations have led to investigations into potential causes – including agrochemical effects on bumblebee physiology. The indirect effects of agrochemicals (i.e. behavior modulation) have been postulated, but rarely directly tested. Olfactory information is critical in mediating bumblebee-floral interactions. As agrochemicals emit volatiles, they may indirectly modify foraging behavior. We tested the effects of olfactory contamination of floral odor by agrochemical scent on foraging activity of Bombus impatiens using two behavioral paradigms: localization of food within a maze and forced-choice preference. The presence of a fungicide decreased bumblebees’ ability to locate food within a maze. Additionally, bumblebees preferred to forage in non-contaminated feeding chambers when offered a choice between control and either fertilizer- or fungicide-scented chambers.
Why corporeal substances keep popping up in Leibniz's later philosophy

Soulevant le paradoxe de l'idealisme exclusif de la philosophie tardive de Leibniz consacree aux monades spirituelles et de l'existence de textes tardifs consacres a la substance corporelle, l'A. defend l'idee selon laquelle l'interet de Leibniz pour les substances corporelles n'est pas restreint a sa periode moyenne. Apres l'analyse de quatre mauvais arguments fondes sur les phenomenes, l'agregat, la reduction ad vinculum et l'approche philosophique, qui induisent une comprehension erronnee du systeme leibnizien, l'A. presente deux bons arguments qui attenuent l'interpretation idealiste de la metaphysique de Leiniz et rendent justice a la tension omnipresente dans son oeuvre entre l'idealisme et la question realiste des substances corporelles
PD29 - Do we have a specialist allergy service?

Allergy Services in the UK are diverse in terms of place of delivery and by whom. With current re-organization of the NHS there is a need to provide more clear definition of what constitutes a tertiary allergy service. In an attempt to clarify our own position, we undertook a prospective evaluation of all paediatric allergy clinic attendees at Sheffield Children's Hospital during November 2012. The aim being to identify the primary diagnosis and any cofactors that would affect that condition.
Parents' experiences in seeking child care for school age children with disabilities—Where does the system break down?

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the process through which families of school age children with disabilities seek care and to identify the points in the process where the system fails families. Using a qualitative approach, we track the pathways that families follow in their quest to secure care. Focus groups and phone interviews were conducted with 37 parents. Data were analyzed qualitatively using a grounded theory approach with the help of Nudist (N6) software. Clear patterns emerged regarding why care options were perceived to be unavailable. We use a flowchart, which we call the ‘care cycle’ to identify pathways representing the sequence of activities followed by families in their search for child care. We also discuss possible solutions that can help address barriers that occur at each phase of the care cycle.
A Conceptual Framework of Sustainable Hospitality Supply Chain Management

In recent years, companies are under increasing pressure from consumers, grassroots and community organizations, governments, and shareholders to develop and practice sustainable business practices. While individual companies’ sustainability efforts are important, a true sustainability can be achieved only if all members of a supply chain participate in sustainable practices. This study proposes a conceptual hospitality supply chain framework that is developed based on a comprehensive review of sustainability literature in hospitality. This study also discusses the antecedents, consequences, actions, evaluation mechanisms, and sustainability practices that can be implemented by all members of the supply chain on three dimensions (environmental, social, and economic) of the sustainable supply chain management in hospitality business following the principles of triple bottom line reporting (3BL) approach. Managerial implications and future research extensions are also discussed.
157 THE CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECT OF ISOMETRIC EXERCISE IN CHILDREN

Isometric exercise (ISO) evokes profound changes in left ventricular dynamics. Scant data document the effect of ISO in children. The blood pressure (BP) heart rate (HR) and echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) diastolic dimension (LVDd), systolic dimension (LVDs) and LV% shortening (%Δ) were recorded in 10 healthy children (mean age 8.9 yr.) performing 30% handgrip (HG). The group mean observations from control; exercise and recovery periods are tabulated: During HC, BP and HR increase. The LVDd remains unchanged, consistent with quiet breathing without Valsalva maneuver. The LVDs increases, reflecting the inability of even the young heart to maintain a constant stroke volume. With sudden release of HG, %Δ increases markedly. Because this response occurs during a slowing of the pulse, without increasing the diastolic dimension, it appears dependent upon an inherent ventricular mechanism, ISO is a reproducible, noninvasive method to assess ventricular performance in children.
Mechanical behavior of silicon carbide fiber-reinforced strontium aluminosilicate glass–ceramic composites

Abstract Unidirectional CVD SiC fiber-reinforced SrO·Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 (SAS) glass–ceramic matrix composites have been fabricated by hot pressing. Both carbon-rich surface coated SCS-6 and uncoated SCS-0 fibers were used as reinforcements. Monoclinic celsian, SrAl 2 Si 2 O 8 , was the only crystalline phase observed in the matrix from X-ray diffraction. During three point flexure testing of composites, a test span to thickness ratio of ≥25 was necessary to avoid delamination. Strong and tough SCS-6/SAS composites having a first matrix cracking stress of ∼300 MPa and an ultimate strength of ∼825 MPa were fabricated. No chemical reaction between the SCS-6 fibers and the matrix was observed after high temperature processing. The SCS-0/SAS composite, having a fiber volume fraction of 0.24, exhibited a first matrix cracking stress of ∼231±20 MPa and ultimate strength of 265±17 MPa indicating a somewhat limited improvement over the monolithic material. From fiber push-out tests, the fiber/matrix debonding stress ( τ debond ) and frictional sliding stress ( τ friction ) in the SCS-6/SAS system were evaluated to be ∼6.7±2.3 and 4.3±0.6 MPa, respectively, indicating a weak interface. However, for the SCS-0/SAS composite, somewhat higher values of ∼17.5±2.7 MPa for τ debond and 11.3±1.6 MPa for τ friction respectively, were observed; some of the fibers were strongly bonded to the matrix and could not be pushed out. Examination of fracture surfaces revealed limited short pull-out lengths of SCS-0 fibers. The applicability of theoretical models in predicting the values of first matrix cracking stress and ultimate strength of these composites has been investigated.
Providers’ Perceptions of Prevalent Mental and Behavioral Health Problems: Differences and Similarities Across Urban, Rural, and Frontier Areas

Most research exploring possible differences in the prevalence of mental and behavioral health¹ (MBH) problems between urban and rural areas has indicated that there are no differences. Unfortunately, most of this research has measured urbanness-ruralness as a 2-level or dichotomous construct only (i.e., an area is either urban or rural), and researchers have used inconsistent (and sometimes conflicting) definitions for what constitutes an "urban" or "rural" area. In this study, urbanness-ruralness is conceptualized as an expanded categorical construct with the addition of a 3rd point: The frontier area. Surveys were completed by 259 MBH professionals across the urban, rural, and frontier counties of a U.S. state in the intermountain west. Survey items asked about a number of issues related to MBH, including what the professionals perceived to be the most-prevalent MBH problems in their areas. Anxiety was perceived to be a significantly more prevalent problem in urban areas, and substance abuse and domestic violence were perceived to be significantly more prevalent problems in frontier areas. These results suggest that when urbanness-ruralness is conceptualized as an expanded categorical construct (rather than simply a dichotomous one), differences in the perceived prevalence of MBH problems may be found. Language: en
Neural Network-Based Approach for Analysis of Rigid Pavement Systems Using Deflection Data

This paper focuses on the development of backcalculation models based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) for predicting the layer moduli of the jointed plain concrete pavements, that is, the elastic modulus of the portland cement concrete (PCC) layer and the coefficient of subgrade reaction for the pavement foundation. The ANN-based models were trained to predict the layer moduli by using the falling-weight deflectometer (FWD) deflection basin data and the thickness of the concrete pavement structure. The ISLAB2000 finite element program, extensively tested and validated for more than 20 years, has been employed as an advanced structural model for solving the responses of the rigid pavement systems and generating a knowledge database. ANN-based backcalculation models trained with the results from the ISLAB2000 solutions have been found to be viable alternatives for rapid assessment (capable of analyzing 100,000 FWD deflection profiles in a single second) of the rigid pavement systems. The trained ANN-ba...
Comparison of mammalian cell lines expressing distinct isoforms of divalent metal transporter 1 in a tetracycline-regulated fashion.

DMT1 (divalent metal transporter; also known as SLC11A2, DCT1 or Nramp2) is responsible for ferrous iron uptake in the duodenum, iron exit from endosomes during the transferrin cycle and some transferrin-independent iron uptake in many cells. Four protein isoforms differ by starting in exon 1A or 2 and ending with alternative peptides encoded by mRNA that contains or lacks an IRE (iron responsive element; ±IRE). We have compared 1A/+IRE and 2/−IRE DMT1 during regulated ectopic expression. HEK-293-F (human embryonic kidney-293-fast growing variant) cells were stably transfected with each construct expressed from a tetracycline-regulated CMV promoter. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis showed that construct expression responded to doxycycline. Immunofluorescence staining of cells, using antibodies specific for DMT1 isoforms, confirmed an increase in expression in the plasma membrane and cytosolic vesicles after doxycycline treatment, but with isoform specific distributions. Immunoblotting also revealed stimulation of expression. Nevertheless, both DMT1 isoforms performed similarly in assays for functional properties based on 54Mn2+ and 59Fe2+ uptake. Mn incorporation after doxycycline treatment was ∼10-fold greater than that of untreated cells, while expression in the untreated cells was ∼5-fold greater than in the untransfected cells. Uptake of Mn depended on addition of doxycycline, with half maximal response at ∼1 nM doxycycline. Doxycycline-stimulated Mn and Fe uptake was linear with time for 10 min but not over longer periods. Transport exhibited a pH optimum at ∼5.5 and dependence on incubation temperature and Mn or Fe concentration. The new cell lines should prove useful for research on metal homoeostasis, toxicological studies and efforts to identify distinctive properties of the isoforms.
Selection of mitotic Chinese hamster ovary cells from microcarriers.

Abstract We describe a method of collecting large quantities of mitotic cells from a population of Chinese hamster ovary cells which were exponentially growing on positively charged dextran microcarriers in suspension culture. These cells were treated for 2.5 h with colcemid, and mitotic cells were harvested from the oicrocarriers by increasing spinner velocity. A yield of 2–3% of the total population was obtained using this method; of the cells collected, 85–95% were in metaphase as determined by microscopic inspection. Both synchrony and cell viability were excellent in the selected population.
Time-borrowing multi-cycle on-chip interconnects for delay variation tolerance

Insertion of time-borrowing (TB) flip-flops in multi-cycle repeater-based on-chip interconnects enables significant improvements in mean perfonnance and energy by averaging systematic and random within-die (WID) delay variations across multiple interconnect segments. A statistically-based analytical model is derived to design a TB N-cycle interconnect with optimal delay variation tolerance. The model elucidates the dependency of the transparency window required to achieve data delay averaging on the delay variation mismatch between interconnect segments. Statistical circuit simulations and analyses in a 65nm process technology demonstrate that TB multi-cycle interconnects enable a 4-6% mean maximum clock frequency (FMAX) improvement and a corresponding 10% average energy savings over optimally designed multi-cycle interconnects with conventional master-slave flip-flops. The maximum mean FMAX benefit ranges from 4.0-7.5%, corresponding to approximately a bin-split shift in the FMAX distribution. For 1.41X larger WID delay variations, the maximum mean FMAX gain rises to 5-10%.
Trihalogenated methylsulfonamides as specific male gametocides

A new class of male gametocide is described: trihalomethylsulfonamides, the most active example of this class being trifluoromethylsulfonamide (TFMSA). TFMSA induces male sterility, specifically, without detectable effects on other plant functions. Male sterility induction in maize (Zea mays, gaspe flint) required minimally 200 μg TFMSA per plant and this rate was used in a metabolite sampling time-course experiment to determine the earliest detectable change in metabolites of developing florets. Metabolites profiled were amino acids, callose, fatty acids, flavones, phenylpropenoids, sporopollenin and starch, all of which are related to successful pollen development. Changes in proline and starch were the earliest statistically significant differences observed between florets of control plants and TFMSA-treated plants. These metabolic differences were observed before symptoms of pollen failure were evident. In subsequent experiments, transient increases in glume proline and decreases in anther proline were linearly related to sub-effective rates of TFMSA (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg plant−1). Increases in glume proline faded during development whereas decreases in anther proline linearly related to TFMSA rate became more prominent. Changes in all other metabolites profiled were not linearly related to TFMSA rate. Related experiments showed that florets from TFMSA-treated plants were not capable of converting 14C-glutamate to 14C-proline, and the anther transport capacity of 14C-proline in TFMSA-treated plants was significantly reduced. It is inferred that TFMSA induces male sterility by interfering with the transport of proline from the site of synthesis to the site of accumulation, resulting in feedback inhibition of proline biosynthesis, ultimately starving the developing anther of proline.
Aggregation Formation in Three Species of Planaria: Distance to Nearest Neighbour

Using a new method of measuring the degree of aggregation of planaria under homogeneous light conditions, it has been possible to show that planaria do indeed aggregate under these conditions and to distinguish certain differences between species in the degree of aggregation.
Clair C. Patterson (1922–1995)

Clair C. (Pat) Patterson, 73, passed away unexpectedly at his home in Sea Ranch, Calif., on December, 5, 1995. Pat left behind one of the most prolific and influential legacies, not only in geochemistry, but in environmental biogeochemistry as well. In geochemistry, he is best known for first establishing the true age of the Earth and solar system at 4.6 billion years, a date the accuracy of which has survived four decades. This inherently accurate geochronology arose from Pat's development of stable lead isotope techniques clean enough to overcome contaminated and erroneous results of earlier workers. This allowed him to further develop lead isotope systematics for divulging the evolution of the crust and mantle.
Mobilities and Longitudinal Diffusion Coefficients of Mass-Identified Potassium Ions and Positive Nitric Oxide Ions in Nitric Oxide

We have measured in a drift-tube mass spectrometer the mobilities of N${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$, N${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ \ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{} NO, and ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ ions in NO at 300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The measurements were made over a substantial range of $\frac{E}{N}$, where $E$ is the drift field intensity and $N$ is the gas number density. The zero-field reduced mobilities were found to be 1.91 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.06, 1.78 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.05, and 2.245 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.067 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V sec, respectively. Measurements were also made of the longitudinal diffusion coefficients of N${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ ions in nitric oxide at 300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K as a function of $\frac{E}{N}$. Our results are in fair agreement with those predicted by the Einstein equation from the experimental zero-field mobilities.
Matching classical boundary-layer solutions toward a geostrophic drag coefficient relation

The relationship between geostrophic, Ekman-layer, and surface-layer flow is explored. Formalized limit solutions for each layer are developed; together they form a continuous solution for the semi-infinite flow over a surface. These classical solutions are re-derived and related, to prepare for a two-layer composite boundarylayer solution with patching criteria. The patching process yields a resistance law which indicates a correspondence between the stress and the geostrophic flow deviation involving a similarity relation with two arbitrary parameters.
Transformational placement and synthesis

Novel methodology and algorithms to seamlessly integrate logic synthesis and physical placement through a transformational approach are presented. Contrary to most placement algorithms that minimize a global cost function based on an abstract representation of the design, we decomposed the placement function into a set of transforms and coupled them directly with incremental timing, noise, and/or power analyzers. This coupling results in a direct and more accurate feedback on optimizations for placement actions. These placement transforms are then integrated with traditional logic synthesis transforms leading to a converging set of optimizations based on the concurrent manipulation of boolean, electrical, as well as physical data. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach creates an efficient converging design flow that eliminates placement and synthesis iteration. It results in timing improvements, and maintains other global placement measures such as wire congestion and wire length. The flexibility of the transformational approach allows us to easily add, extend and support more sophisticated algorithms that involve critical as well as non-critical regions and target a variety of metrics including noise, yield and manufacturability:.
Cell-to-cell signaling in the regulation of procollagen expression in primary avian tendon cells.

High cell density is required for high procollagen expression (50% of total protein synthesis) in primary avian tendon (PAT) cells but the signaling mechanism that triggers this response has been difficult to decipher. By using a quantitative in situ hybridization assay for procollagen mRNA, cell density dependent changes in procollagen expression can be followed at the single cell level. PAT cells can then be shown to respond to the presence of their neighbors over ∼1-mm distance. The cell density signal remains effective independent of the medium volume to cell ratio but becomes sensitive to dispersion and dilution when the medium is agitated. PAT cells respond to a reduction in cell density, when neighboring cells are scraped away, by outgrwoth (∼1 mm) and reestablishment of a cell density gradient in cellular procollagen mRNA levels. However, removing neighboring cells while preventing migration off of their own extracellular matrix retards the drop in procollagen mRNA levels. The evidence, taken as a whole, is consistent with a model whereby the cell density signal is a loosely bound component of the cell layer thereby restricting its diffusion to two dimensions but making it susceptible to dispersion by medium agitation.
The peritrophic matrix of hematophagous insects.

The peritrophic matrix (PM) is an extracellular envelope that lines the digestive tract of most insects. It is thought to play key roles in protecting insects from pathogens and facilitating digestion. Until recently, little information was available on the molecular composition of the PM. This review summarizes recent progress in the study of the PM from hematophagous insects, with emphasis on molecular and physiological aspects. Topics discussed include the presence of chitin and protein diversity in the PM, cloning and characterization of genes encoding PM proteins, PM permeability, and the role of the PM as a barrier for pathogens.
L-histidine induced changes in adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels in rat brain and amounts of apo-, holo-a and holo-b fatty acid synthetases in rat liver.

Abstract When fasted rats were fed a chow or fat-free diet supplemented 5% with L-histidine for three days, the brain adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate (cAMP) level increased. A 50% increase occurred in rats fed a chow diet and 20% increase in rats fed a fat-free diet. Purification of liver fatty acid synthetase and the isolation of liver apo-, holo- a and holo- b fatty acid synthetases demonstrated that L-histidine feeding caused changes in the relative amounts of these enzymes. Apo- and holo- b fatty acid synthetases increased while the holo- a form simultaneously decreased. This effect was observed in rats fed either chow or fat-free diets supplemented with L-histidine.
VXIbus Revision 2.0 - What's new?

The VXIbus Consortium recently finished work on a couple of new specifications. VXI-1, Revision 2.0 is the latest version of the VXIbus System Specification. It combines several forward-looking enhancements with other new features that improve interoperability, while maintaining full backward compatibility. The new VXI-8, Cooling Characterization Methodology Specification, is the culmination of several years of work to define a repeatable method for specifying and measuring the cooling capability of VXIbus mainframes.
CRL/NMSU and Brandeis: description of the MucBruce system as used for MUC-4

Through their involvement in the Tipster project the Computing Research Laboratory at New Mexico State University and the Computer Science Department at Brandeis University are developing a method for identifying articles of interest and extracting and storing specific kinds of information from large volumes of Japanese and English texts. We intend that the method be general and extensible. The techniques involved are not explicitly tied to these two languages nor to a particular subject area. Development for Tipster has been going on since September, 1992.
Water Vapor Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation in the Centimeter Wave-Length Range.

The water vapor absorption line resulting from the rotational transition ${5}_{\ensuremath{-}1}$-${6}_{\ensuremath{-}5}$ has been investigated experimentally. Radiation is fed into an air-filled cubical copper cavity 8 ft. on an edge. Strings of thermocouples with alternate junctions coated with a "lossy" material are placed at random in the cavity. The e.m.f. of these thermocouples is proportional to the $Q$ of the cavity and its contents. With the total pressure inside the cavity at one atmosphere, the partial pressure of the water vapor is varied from 1 mm to 55 mm of Hg. A measurement of the change in e.m.f. with humidity yields a value for the losses in the water vapor, provided the $Q$ of the cavity is known. This quantity may be determined from additional measurements taken with an aperture opened in the side of the cavity. The wave-length range between 0.7 cm and 1.7 cm has been explored. Results indicate a peak at $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\nu}}=0.744\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, corresponding to a wave-length $\ensuremath{\lambda}=1.34$ cm. The absorption line is broadened as the water vapor density is increased. At very low density, the half-width of the curve (half-width at half-height) is 0.087\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, while the corresponding value for a density of 50 gram/${\mathrm{meter}}^{3}$ is 0.107\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The cross section for a water-water collision must be nearly 5 times that for a water-air collision to account for this change in half-width with vapor density. The attenuation at the peak is 0.025 db per kilometer for 1 gram of water vapor per cubic meter.
Matter, Divinity, and Number:

Conceptualizations of the Divine Mind as being profoundly mathematical have appeared in many cultures over thousands of years and have given rise to various forms of number mysticism. The deeply mathematical structure of physics, which has become ever more predominant as the field progresses, suggests that such conceptualizations are consistent with those attributes of the Divine that can be inferred from empirical knowledge of the world. This way of thinking, although clearly limited and partial, has considerable value in the discourse between science and religion.
Experimental investigation of H2O and Cl− solubilities in F-enriched silicate liquids; implications for volatile saturation of topaz rhyolite magmas

To interpret the degassing of F-bearing felsic magmas, the solubilities of H2O, NaCl, and KCl in topaz rhyolite liquids have been investigated experimentally at 2000, 500, and ≈1 bar and 700° to 975 °C. Chloride solubility in these liquids increases with decreasing H2O activity, increasing pressure, increasing F content of the liquid from 0.2 to 1.2 wt% F, and increasing the molar ratio of ((Al + Na + Ca + Mg)/Si). Small quantities of Cl− exert a strong influence on the exsolution of magmatic volatile phases (MVPs) from F-bearing topaz rhyolite melts at shallow crustal pressures. Water- and chloride-bearing volatile phases, such as vapor, brine, or fluid, exsolve from F-enriched silicate liquids containing as little as 1 wt% H2O and 0.2 to 0.6 wt% Cl at 2000 bar compared with 5 to 6 wt% H2O required for volatile phase exsolution in chloride-free liquids. The maximum solubility of Cl− in H2O-poor silicate liquids at 500 and 2000 bar is not related to the maximum solubility of H2O in chloride-poor liquids by simple linear and negative relationships; there are strong positive deviations from ideality in the activities of each volatile in both the silicate liquid and the MVP(s). Plots of H2O versus Cl− in rhyolite liquids, for experiments conducted at 500 bar and 910°–930 °C, show a distinct 90° break-in-slope pattern that is indicative of coexisting vapor and brine under closed-system conditions. The presence of two MVPs buffers the H2O and Cl− concentrations of the silicate liquids. Comparison of these experimentally-determined volatile solubilities with the pre-eruptive H2O and Cl− concentrations of five North American topaz and tin rhyolite melts, determined from melt inclusion compositions, provides evidence for the exsolution of MVPs from felsic magmas. One of these, the Cerro el Lobo magma, appears to have exsolved alkali chloride-bearing vapor plus brine or a single supercritical fluid phase prior to entrapment of the melt inclusions and prior to eruption.
Severe preterm preeclampsia diagnosed by proteinuria: better outcome?

Abstract Objective: To compare pregnancy outcomes of expectantly managed women with severe preterm preeclampsia diagnosed by proteinuria criteria to those diagnosed by blood pressure criteria. Study design: Charts of women admitted with the diagnosis of severe preeclampsia were reviewed. Eligibility criteria included singleton gestation, gestational age (GA) less than 34 completed weeks and diagnosis was based on blood pressure (BP) equal to or greater than 160/110 mm Hg or proteinuria equal to or greater than 5 g per 24 hours. Analysis was limited to women who were managed expectantly for at least 24 hours after initial evaluation using a protocol where severity of proteinuria was not an indication for delivery. Results: Thirty women met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 18 (60%) had severe preeclampsia by BP (group 1) and 12 (40%) by proteinuria (group 2). Eighty-nine percent (16/18) of women in group 1 were delivered for maternal indications; 58% (7/12) in group 2 for fetal indications. The two groups were comparable for mean GA on admission (30 ± 2.8 weeks) and at delivery, time from admission to delivery (6 ± 4.6 days), route of delivery, birth weight (1,381 ± 567 g), Apgar scores, cord gases, and days in neonatal intensive care unit (P >0.1). Conclusions: Pregnancy outcomes of women with severe preterm preeclampsia diagnosed by proteinuria are no better than those diagnosed by BP, even when proteinuria is not an indication for delivery. Intensive fetal surveillance should be considered for the proteinuria group because of a higher rate of delivery for nonreassuring fetal status with expectant management.
Purine N-oxides: XXXVII. Derivatives from 6-chloropurine 3-oxide

Interaction of 6-chloropurine 3-oxide with several amines led to 6-substituted purine 3-oxides. 6-Chloropurine 3-oxide and selenourea gave 6-selenopurine 3-oxide. 6-Mereaptopurine 3-oxide, prepared from the 6-chloro derivative and ammonium dithioearbonate, was transformed with chlorine and hydrogen fluoride into 6-purinesulfonyl fluoride 3-oxide which upon ammonolysis afforded purine-6-sulfonamide 3-oxide. Methanelhiol and 6-ehloropurint: 3-oxide yielded the known 6-methylthiopurine 3-oxide, which by treatment with chlorine was oxidized to 6-methyl-sulfonylpurine 3-oxide. Reaction of the latter with hydroxylamine led to an improved synthesis of 6-hydroxylaminopurine 3-oxide, which by interaction with manganese dioxide was transformed into 6-nitrosopurine 3-oxide.
Determining demand, supply, and pricing for emerging markets based on disruptive process technologies

Abstract A model for forecasting the likely market size and demand for an early-stage emerging process technology is considered. This method takes into account markets, supply, demand, supply/demand gap, pricing, implications to government policy, corporate strategy, and value of intellectual property. For the purpose of illustration, forecasting of microsystems is considered.
Evaluation of glycosylated hemoglobin in the management of young patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Serial glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1 ) concentrations were measured in 146 children and young adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The HbA 1 results were made available to the physicians and patients of group A but they were withheld from group B for 12–16 months. The groups were then alternated for an equal time period, with group A being blinded and group B unblinded. When the patients were further subdivided into those with initial HbA 1 levels above or below the group mean (12.7%), it was found that the metabolic control of subjects with high HbA 1 concentrations tended to improve when the values were made available and to remain unchanged when the results were withheld. Knowledge of HbA 1 concentrations by physician and patient/parent appears to be beneficial in patients with relatively poor control. In contrast, no improvement was noted in patients with initial HbA 1
Psychopharmacology of Autistic Spectrum Disorders in Children and Adolescents

This article provides an overview of the psychopharmacologic management of irritability, hyperactivity, and repetitive behaviors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. A review of the current literature on medications used to treat these conditions with emphasis on randomized controlled trials is presented.
Establishment of Muller cell cultures from adult rat retina

During a recent study of the effects of photoreceptor degeneration on Muller cells, we observed that unlike glia from normal adult retinas, glia from degenerating rat retinas could be cultured and maintained in vitro for several weeks. Using a variety of cell type specific antisera, we show that at least 70% of cells in these cultures are derived from Muller cells.
Capturing cases of distal symmetric polyneuropathy in a community.

Introduction: Little is known about what consti- tutes appropriate diagnostic testing in patients with distal sym- metric polyneuropathy (DSP). Methods: Utilizing an ICD-9 screening method and medical record abstraction, we deter- mined the number of new cases of DSP within community neu- rology practices in Nueces County, Texas. We then compared 2 case capture methods (ICD-9 vs. all-case review screening). Results: The ICD-9 case capture method identified 52 cases over a 3-month period. Comparing case capture methods, the ICD-9 method identified 16 of 17 cases identified by the all- case review method (94%). The ICD-9 method required screen- ing of 84% fewer charts compared with the all-case review. Conclusions: Many new cases of DSP occur each month within Nueces County. The ICD-9 screening technique com- bined with medical abstraction is an efficient method to identify new DSP cases in this community. These findings are critical for future epidemiological investigations into patients with DSP. Muscle Nerve 49:943-947, 2012
Stochasticity and safety factors: Part 1. Random actual stress and deterministic yield stress

Abstract This paper makes a bridge between the classical concept of the safety factor and the structural reliability. It concentrates on a special case in which the material possesses deterministic yield stress, and the element is subjected to the random actual stress. Various probability distribution functions are treated to describe the probabilistic behavior of the stress; reliabilities are evaluated, and the connection with the safety factors is emphasized.
Hypolipidemic Activity of Antiepileptic 5-phenylhydantoins in Mice

Abstract Administration (20 mg/kg i.p.) of antiepileptic 5-phenylhydantoins phenytoin, ethoin, mephenytoin, and selected metabolites to mice over a period of 16 days produced lower serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides with most of the compounds studied. Several compounds were more effective hypolipidemic agents than clofibrate at 150 mg/kg per day. Several N-alkylated derivatives of the most active compound, 5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin, a metabolite of mephenytoin, displayed activities equal to those of the underivatized compound. These in vivo studies suggest that antiepileptic phenylhydantoins, when used in chronic therapy in man, could possibly act as hypolipidemic agents.
Oxygen equilibria of ectotherm blood containing multiple hemoglobins

Complete isocapnic O2 equilibrium curves (O2EC's) and related blood-gas properties are reported for whole blood of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and the aquatic turtle (Pseudemys scripta) at temperatures ranging from 5 to 35 degrees C. P50's for bullfrog and turtle blood at physiological pH and 25 degrees C were 36.6 Torr (pH 7.83) and 19.3 Torr (pH 7.55), respectively. Elevation of blood temperature significantly reduced hemoglobin oxygen affinity in both species (delta H = -8.1 and -7.8 kcal/mol O2 for Rana and Pseudemys, respectively). Bullfrog and turtle oxygen equilibrium data revealed non-standard curve shapes when compared with the Severinghaus curve for human blood (1979); ectotherm O2EC's rose more steeply below P50 (less sigmoid) and were distinctly flattened (linear) above 50% saturation. The CO2-Bohr effect for bullfrog and turtle blood varied significantly as a function of saturation. In addition, both species exhibited non-linear Hill relationships (logS/1-s vs. log PO2). These results indicate that the oxygen binding properties of the multiple hemoglobin bloods of Rana and Pseudemys (demonstrated by isoelectric focusing) are more complex than those exhibited by normal human blood. As a consequence, these ectotherm blood oxygen data are not well characterized by the limited number of simple descriptive parameters (P50, Hill's n and delta log P50/delta pH) commonly used to delineate predominantly single hemoglobin systems.
Characterization of transgenic mice with overexpression of spermidine synthase

A composite cytomegalovirus-immediate early gene enhancer/chicken β-actin promoter (CAG) was utilized to generate transgenic mice that overexpress human spermidine synthase (SpdS) to determine the impact of elevated spermidine synthase activity on murine development and physiology. CAG-SpdS mice were viable and fertile and tissue SpdS activity was increased up to ninefold. This increased SpdS activity did not result in a dramatic elevation of spermidine or spermine levels but did lead to a 1.5- to 2-fold reduction in tissue spermine:spermidine ratio in heart, muscle and liver tissues with the highest levels of SpdS activity. This new mouse model enabled simultaneous overexpression of SpdS and other polyamine biosynthetic enzymes by combining transgenic animals. The combined overexpression of both SpdS and spermine synthase (SpmS) in CAG-SpdS/CAG-SpmS bitransgenic mice did not impair viability or lead to overt developmental abnormalities but instead normalized the elevated tissue spermine:spermidine ratios of CAG-SpmS mice. The CAG-SpdS mice were bred to MHC-AdoMetDC mice with a >100-fold increase in cardiac S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) activity to determine if elevated dcAdoMet would facilitate greater spermidine accumulation in mice with SpdS overexpression. CAG-SpdS/MHC-AdoMetDC bitransgenic animals were produced at the expected frequency and exhibited cardiac polyamine levels comparable to MHC-AdoMetDC littermates. Taken together these results indicate that SpdS levels are not rate limiting in vivo for polyamine biosynthesis and are unlikely to exert significant regulatory effects on cellular polyamine content and function.
Breath Acetone Analysis of Diabetic Dogs Using a Cavity Ringdown Breath Analyzer

Some dogs develop a form of diabetes mellitus (DM) similar to that seen in children (juvenile, or Type 1 DM). It is characterized by concurrent high blood glucose (BG) and urine glucose concentrations. Elevated breath acetone concentrations have been observed in Type 1 DM in humans, though a quantitative correlation between breath acetone and BG has yet to be determined. The study of breath acetone in diabetic dogs might allow the use of breath acetone as a biomarker for diabetes in both humans and animals. We report on breath acetone analysis of 51 dogs (37 nondiabetic dogs and 14 diabetic dogs). Breath samples were collected and simultaneous BG levels (if applicable) were measured. Breath acetone tests were conducted using a real-time breath acetone analyzer that is based on the cavity ringdown spectroscopy technique. Absolute breath acetone concentrations (upper limits) were determined without the need for breath sample preconcentration and measurement calibration. For the 37 nondiabetic dogs, their exhaled breath acetone concentrations ranged from 0.16 to 2.42 parts per million (ppm). For the 14 diabetic dogs, breath acetone concentrations ranged from 0.17 to 5.80 ppm with a BG range of 30-750 mg/dL. The mean breath acetone concentration in the 14 diabetic dogs is 1.25 ppm, which is higher than that in the 37 nondiabetic dogs, i.e., 0.60 ppm. The mean breath acetone concentration in nondiabetic dogs, 0.60 ppm, is close to the mean breath acetone concentration in healthy humans. Although diabetic dogs exhibit elevated mean breath acetone concentration, as in human Type 1 DM, no correlation was found between breath acetone concentration and BG level in the diabetic dogs in this paper.