cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Dissociation of Offset, Face-changing Polyethylene Liners from the Acetabular Shell: A Report of Four Cases

Background: Dissociation of the polyethylene liner from the acetabular shell is an uncommon event. Offset, face-changing polyethylene liners theoretically increase femoral head coverage, allow for larger heads with smaller cup diameters, and offer improved stability without risk of impingement. However, we present four cases of liner dissociations from the acetabular shell that necessitated revision hip surgery. Methods: Four patients with spontaneous dissociations of offset, face-changing polyethylene acetabular liners underwent revision hip arthroplasty between January 2007 and June 2010. All patients were women with an average age of fifty-three years. All cases involved the combination of a Pinnacle acetabular component with an offset, face-changing polyethylene liner. We reviewed the presenting signs and symptoms associated with liner dissociations and analyzed the radiographs for the acetabular component position. Results: All cases of liner dissociation occurred without direct trauma and were associated with squeaking sounds reported by the patient. The average cup abduction angle was 55° (range, 51° to 60°) and the average anteversion was 21.5° (range, 17° to 24°). Examination of the dissociated liners at the time of revision surgery revealed plastic deformation of the polyethylene liner rim posterosuperiorly at the eleven o’clock position on the right hip and the one o’clock position on the left hip. Conclusions: The combination of a vertically positioned acetabular component and an offset, face-changing liner resulted in impingement and dissociation of the liner from the shell in four patients. Proper acetabular component positioning, rather than the routine use of uniquely designed polyethylene liners, is critical to maximizing implant stability in total hip arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
STABILITY OF RAREFACTION WAVES AND VACUUM STATES FOR THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL EULER EQUATIONS

We are interested in properties of the multidimensional Euler equations for compressible fluids. Rarefaction waves are the unique solutions that may contain vacuum states in later time, in the context of one-dimensional Riemann problem, even when the Riemann initial data are away from the vacuum. For the multidimensional Euler equations describing isentropic or adiabatic fluids, we prove that plane rarefaction waves and vacuum states are stable within a large class of entropy solutions that may contain vacuum states. Rarefaction waves and vacuum states are also shown to be global attractors of entropy solutions in L∞, provided initial data are L∞ ∩ L1 perturbations of Riemann initial data. Our analysis applies to entropy solutions with arbitrarily large oscillation, and no bounded variation regularity is required.
Nehypochthoniidae (Acari: Oribatei), a New Mite Family from the Southeastern United States

A new family of oribatid mites, Nehypochthoniidae, with Nehypochthonius porosus n. gen., n.sp. as type-species, is described and figured. The known distribution is South Carolina and Florida. Certain aspects of body articulations and leg setation suggest the possibility that the species is an early derivative of a group ancestral to the Euphthiracaroidea.
The surface structure and reactivity of black carbon

Abstract Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has been the most definitive analytical tool in a comprehensive program on the structure and reactivity of black carbon (in the form of n -hexane soot). In combination with other techniques, it has revealed the soot structure, as produced by high temperature incomplete combustion, to be predominantly aromatic with a surface coverage by oxygen-containing functional groups of about 0.5. Particularly well suited to following net changes in surface groups, and gas phase reactant/product concentrations, FT-IR has been the key technique in determining the kinetics and mechanisms of some important heterogeneous reactions of black carbon with gas phase oxidant molecules. For example, the reaction of NO 2 /N 2 O 4 with soot follows a dual path mechanism, down to 2 p.p.m., which is reflected in the rate law: initial rate = (k 1 + k 2 [ soot ] 1 2 ) P NO2 . On the other hand, catalytic decomposition initiates the reaction with ozone, followed by the formation of surface carboxylic groups and gaseous CO 2 and H 2 O. The evidence suggests that dissociation of ozone yields a steady-state concentration of excited oxygen atom which is actually the oxidant. FTIR combined with chemical measurements has proven that a high solubility observed for carbon particles exposed to ozone has its origin in the hydrolysis of the surface carboxylics. Significant effects of simulated solar radiation on the reactions, especially in the soot/SO 2 /H 2 O/O 2 system, has been revealed by FTIR. Infrared will continue its central role in the examination of increasingly complex systems containing black carbon, particularly through its interface with ancillary techniques.
Controlling the Carrier Concentration of the High-Temperature Superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ in Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Experiments

We study the variation of the electronic properties at the surface of a high-temperature superconductor as a function of vacuum conditions in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments. Normally, under inadequate ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions the carrier concentration of ${\text{Bi}}_{2}{\text{Sr}}_{2}{\text{CaCu}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{8+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (Bi2212) increases with time due to the absorption of oxygen from ${\text{CO}}_{2}/\text{CO}$ molecules that are prime contaminants present in UHV systems. We find that in an optimal vacuum environment at low temperatures, the surface of Bi2212 is quite stable (the carrier concentration remains constant); however at elevated temperatures the carrier concentration decreases due to the loss of oxygen atoms from the Bi-O layer. These two effects can be used to control the carrier concentration in situ. Our finding opens the possibility of studying the electronic properties of the cuprates as a function of doping across the phase diagram on the same surface of sample (i.e., with the same impurities and nondopant defects). We envision that this method could be utilized in other surface sensitive techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy.
Successful use of nasal-CPAP for obstructive sleep apnea in Hunter syndrome with diffuse airway involvement

A patient with Hunter syndrome and diffuse airway obstruction had daytime hypersomnolence, snoring, and alveolar hypoventilation. Polysomnography showed severe obstructive sleep apnea. In the past, all reported cases of sleep apnea in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses had been treated with tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy or tracheostomy. This patient, in whom tracheostomy would have been very difficult due to the diffuse nature of his airway involvement, was successfully treated with high pressure nasal CPAP and supplemental oxygen.
Public opinion and foreign policy: The effects of celebrity endorsements

Abstract Celebrities often use their popularity to advance international causes, but do they have an effect on public opinion regarding foreign policy? This study uses an experimental method to test whether a statement by Bono of the rock band U2 regarding a fictional foreign policy crisis influences public opinion more than a traditional political elite. Experimental participants were less likely to support the specific position advocated and less likely to be interested in following the crisis in the news when the statement came from Bono, though the results are dependent on party identification and how the scenario was framed.
Apomixis--The Asexual Revolution

Apomixis is an asexual reproductive process in plants whereby seeds that are exact genetic replicas of the maternal genetic material are produced. Vielle Calzada, Crane, and Stelly argue that this process, if understood and harnessed, will revolutionize genetic engineering and seed production for agriculturally important crops.
The physics of electron beam excited rare gases at high densities

Abstract The unique properties of charged particle excited high density rare gases are reviewed in terms of the basic collisional and radiative processes upon which they depend. Both low and high excitation density conditions are considered and a kinetic model of the important processes is formulated using available and estimated rate coefficients.
Anisotropy of the chemical shift tensor in solid fluorine

Abstract The anisotropy of the chemical shift tensor in solid fluorine has been measured by several independent methods to be (1050 ± 50) × 10 −6 . This value is slightly smaller than the estimated paramagnetic part of the chemical shift from the spin-rotation constant in the gaseous state.
Postpartum Preeclampsia: Emergency Department Presentation and Management

Abstract Study Objective: Postpartum preeclampsia/eclampsia is the presence of hypertension and proteinuria, with or without seizures, occurring up to 4 weeks after delivery. We describe the Emergency Department (ED) presentation, signs and symptoms, results of diagnostic studies, management, and outcome in a cohort of patients diagnosed with postpartum preeclampsia/eclampsia at our institutions, and use this to review the diagnosis and management of postpartum preeclampsia/eclampsia. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted at two urban teaching hospitals. Twenty-two cases were identified via ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, 9 th revision) codes of discharge diagnoses over an 8-year period. Only those patients who initially presented to an ED in the postpartum period after hospital discharge were included. A standardized data tool was used to extract demographic data, signs and symptoms of preeclampsia/eclampsia, ancillary studies previously associated with eclamptic pathology, and outcome during admission. Results: Of the 22 women, over half (55%) had not been diagnosed with preeclampsia in the ante- or peripartum period. Common prodromal symptoms and signs in the postpartum presentation included headache, visual changes, hypertension, edema, proteinuria, elevated uric acid, and elevated liver function tests. All 4 patients who seized had prodromal symptoms. Women presented from 3 to 10 days postpartum (median: 5 days). Only 10 women were primiparas. Nineteen women presented with diastolic blood pressures > 90 mm, and only 3 of these had diastolic blood pressures of 110 mm Hg or greater. Conclusions: Postpartum preeclampsia/eclampsia often presents to the ED without a history of preeclampsia during the pregnancy. Further, not all women with this diagnosis who present to the ED in the postpartum period will have each of the “classic” features of this disease, including elevated blood pressure, edema, proteinuria, and hyperreflexia. This report is intended to inform emergency physicians of the presentation of preeclampsia/eclampsia in the postpartum period, including symptoms of headache, vision changes, elevated blood pressure, or seizure up to 4 weeks after delivery.
SURVIVAL OF Clostridium perfringens IN RUMP ROASTS COOKED IN AN OVEN AT 107° OR 177°C OR IN AN. ELECTRIC CROCKERY POT

The objective was to determine the survival of C. perfringens S-45 in inoculated rump roasts (1.6 kg) cooked in an electric crockery pot set on low or in an electric oven set at 107° or 177°C. Log counts for raw samples from roasts inoculated with C perfringens were 6.30/g for vegetative cells and 3.17/g for spores. Final internal temperatures and cooking times were 81°C and 10 hr for the crockery pot, 85°C and 9 hr for the slow oven, and 77°C and 21/2 hr for the moderate oven. Total cooking losses were 38 and 39% for roasts cooked in the crockery pot or slow oven and were lower, 32%, for roasts cooked in the moderate oven. Each cooking method reduced C perfringens cell counts by at least 3.4 log cycles and spore counts by at least 0.6 log cycle. Analysis of variance indicated that the counts of vegetative cells and spores on the cooked roasts were similar for the three methods of cooking.
Intelligence, mapping, and geospatial exploitation system (IMAGES)

This paper provides further detail to one facet of the battlespace visualization concept described in last year's paper Battlespace Situation Awareness for Force XXI. It focuses on the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) goal to 'provide customers seamless access to tailorable imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial information.' This paper describes Intelligence, Mapping, and Geospatial Exploitation System (IMAGES), an exploitation element capable of CONUS baseplant operations or field deployment to provide NIMA geospatial information collaboratively into a reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition (RSTA) environment through the United States Imagery and Geospatial Information System (USIGS). In a baseplant CONUS setting IMAGES could be used to produce foundation data to support mission planning. In the field it could be directly associated with a tactical sensor receiver or ground station (e.g. UAV or UGV) to provide near real-time and mission specific RSTA to support mission execution. This paper provides IMAGES functional level design; describes the technologies, their interactions and interdependencies; and presents a notional operational scenario to illustrate the system flexibility. Using as a system backbone an intelligent software agent technology, called Open Agent ArchitectureTM (OAATM), IMAGES combines multimodal data entry, natural language understanding, and perceptual and evidential reasoning for system management. Configured to be DII COE compliant, it would utilize, to the extent possible, COTS applications software for data management, processing, fusion, exploitation, and reporting. It would also be modular, scaleable, and reconfigurable. This paper describes how the OAATM achieves data synchronization and enables the necessary level of information to be rapidly available to various command echelons for making informed decisions. The reasoning component will provide for the best information to be developed in the timeline available and it will also provide statistical pedigree data. This pedigree data provides both uncertainties associated with the information and an audit trail cataloging the raw data sources and the processing/exploitation applied to derive the final product. Collaboration provides for a close union between the information producer(s)/exploiter(s) and the information user(s) as well as between local and remote producer(s)/exploiter(s). From a military operational perspective, IMAGES is a step toward further uniting NIMA with its customers and further blurring the dividing line between operational command and control (C2) and its supporting intelligence activities. IMAGES also provides a foundation for reachback to remote data sources, data stores, application software, and computational resources for achieving 'just-in- time' information delivery -- all of which is transparent to the analyst or operator employing the system.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Pharmacodynamics and microbiology of trovafloxacin in animal models of surgical infection

Trovafloxacin provides broad in vitro and in vivo coverage of the aerobic and anaerobic pathogens found frequently in surgical infections. In vitro susceptibility testing indicated that trovafloxacin inhibited gram-positive staphylococci and enterococci, numerous gram-negative organisms, including Escherichia coli, and anaerobic pathogens, such as Bacteroides fragilis. Trovafloxacin protected mice from lethal infections induced by gram-negative or gram-positive organisms, even when these organisms were inoculated in combination with B. fragilis. Trovafloxacin protected rats in models of intra-abdominal sepsis induced by inoculation with E. coli and B. fragilis or with multiple aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. In these experimental models, trovafloxacin protected rats from lethal infection, reduced intra-abdominal abscess formation, and inhibited bacterial growth. Drug concentrations were greater in intra-abdominal abscesses than in serum, reflecting the good tissue penetration of trovafloxacin. These results indicate that trovafloxacin may be effective in prophylaxis and treatment of mixed infections in surgical patients.
Alz-50 and MC-1, a new monoclonal antibody raised to paired helical filaments, recognize conformational epitopes on recombinant tau.

Using a series of recombinant tau and FAC1 mutant proteins, this study demonstrates by Western and dot blot analysis that 1) shared epitopes between tau and FAC1 are responsible for Alz-50 binding; 2) Alz-50 reactivity is dependent on two discontinuous portions of the tau molecule; 3) Alz-50 reactivity is most likely the result of a conformational alteration of tau monomers in Alzheimer's disease; and 4) the epitope for MC-1, a novel monoclonal antibody, maps to similar regions of tau but does not react with FAC1. These data raise questions regarding previous studies which have suggested that tau lacks a specific conformation and illustrate the utility of the Alz-50 and MC-1 antibodies in recognizing a distinct pathological conformation of the tau molecule in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. Res. 48:128–132, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Use of medical-grade methyl triacetoxy silane crosslinked silicone for facial prostheses

The urethanes, PVC, acrylic resins, and silicones are still the most popular among a large number of materials being used to fabricate facial prostheses. Each material has advantages and disadvantages. The ideal material is not yet available. It was found that Silastic medical adhesive type A, a preparation of methyl triacetoxy silane crosslinked silicone, possesses a wide range of biologic, clinical, and technical advantages over other materials. However, the poor adheophilic properties of this material remain its most significant disadvantage. A processing technique for methyl triacetoxy silane crosslinked silicone is presented. Further investigations are being conducted to improve this material.
Parametric study of cable-stayed bridge response due to traffic-induced vibration

Abstract The dynamic response of long-span cable-stayed bridges due to moving traffic loads is investigated utilizing three-dimensional models. Modal analysis is conducted using the deformed dead-load tangent stiffness matrix. A new concept, presented by discretization of cable into several elements, is used to study the effect of cable vibration on bridge dynamics. A computer algorithm is developed to simulate the applied traffic loads for both directions of the bridge deck. The algorithm is flexible in terms of handling different loading capacities, speeds and configurations. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effect of cable vibration, damping, vehicle-structure interaction, random roughness of the bridge deck, as well as span length and vehicle-speed. Cases of asymmetric traffic loading clustered in one direction are also considered in order to study the torsional response of the bridge. Results are discussed, summarized and plotted.
A Comparison of Assessment Methods for Depression in Mental Retardation.

Investigated the association between various depression assessment methods in 38 adults with mild or moderate mental retardation, half of whom had relatively high and the other half had relatively low depression screening scores. Measures included a standard psychiatric interview (Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents), an informant rating scale (Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior), and a self-report measure (Self-Report Depression Questionnaire). Association between measures was generally low, yielding discordant classification results. Potential reasons for these discrepancies were offered, and implications for clinical and research assessment of mood disorders in mental retardation were discussed.
Effects of wall shape on flow regimes and performance in straight, two-dimensional diffusers

Three diffuser sets (N/W1 , held constant in each set) were built and tested for performance and flow regime over a range of total area ratios, AR, which yielded unstalled and stalled flows. At each AR and N/W1 , a simple class of convex-inward (trumpet-shaped), straight, and convex-outward (bell-shaped) wall shapes were tested. It is concluded that there is little advantage to be gained by contouring the walls of two-dimensional diffusers. A corollary result shows that the performance prediction method of reference [1] gives good results for unstalled diffusers.
Susceptibility to sensitization. I. Sex differences in the enduring effects of chronic d-amphetamine treatment on locomotion, stereotyped behavior and brain monoamines

There are sex differences in a number of behavior elicited by amphetamine (AMPH). The purpose of the present experiment was to determine if there are also sex differences in the sensitization of the locomotor activity and stereotypy produced by repeated intermittent AMPH treatment, and whether this is accompanied by sex differences in dopamine (DA) metabolism. It was found that female rats showed greater and more rapid sensitization of locomotor activity and stereotyped behavior than males. In addition, prior exposure to AMPH was associated with an elevation in resting striatal dihydroxyphenlacetic acid (DOPAC) to DA ratios in female, but not male rats, suggesting a sex difference in one neurochemical correlate of sensitization. As a group, males were more variable and heterogeneous in their response to repeated AMPH treatment, because they were divisible into two neurochemically distinct subgroups on the basis of their change in behavior and females were not. This heterogeneity may make it more difficult to identify neurochemical correlates of sensitization in males. It is suggested that there is a sex difference in the responsiveness of brain DA systems to repetitive activation, and this contributes to individual variation in the susceptibility to sensitization.
RETURN TO WORK AFTER SEVERE DISABILITY.

Abstract Data from a sample of 899 persons who had gone back to work after being allowed social security disability benefits were examined to determine some of the factors associated with successful return to work after severe disability. Among the individual characteristics studied, it was found that younger, better-educated workers, with a primary disabling condition of either mental illness or tuberculosis, were most likely to stage a successful vocational recovery. The relationship between duration of disability and successful return to work was curvilinear, the optimum period for resuming gainful employment being 2–3 years after onset. Apart from the nature of the impairment, the single variable most predictive of the outcome of a work effort was the place of employment. Where the worker returned to his pre-disability employer, the probability of a successful work attempt was markedly higher. Return to the predisability occupation was also correlated with work success, although not nearly to the degree as return to the pre-disability employer.
Security through Diversity: Are We There Yet?

Because most software attacks rely on predictable behavior on the target platform, mass distribution of identical software facilitates mass exploitation. Countermeasures include moving-target defenses in general and biologically inspired artificial software diversity in particular. Although the concept of software diversity has interested researchers for more than 20 years, technical obstacles prevented its widespread adoption until now. Massive-scale software diversity has become practical due to the Internet (enabling distribution of individualized software) and cloud computing (enabling the computational power to perform diversification). In this article, the authors take stock of the current state of software diversity research. The potential showstopper issues are mostly solved; the authors describe the remaining issues and point to a realistic adoption path.
Problematic failures of aluminum light standards and pedestals (bases)

During the winter snow storm of January 7 and 8, 1996 failure occurred to a number of the highway lighting assemblies on the adjacent projects of Route 147, Section 1C and Route 147 Section 1E. These projects are located in Cape May County along the shore area. Eight LES-45 expressway poles attached to transfer bases type TB-17 located on the ground blew down on the Route 147, 1E project, while six L8S-40 lighting poles with shoe bases mounted to bridge parapet of Route 147, 1C blew down (14 in total). The poles fell on the roadway. Had it not been for the storm keeping traffic off the roads damage may have occurred to vehicles and vehicle occupants. Visual inspections by the Resident Engineer of the projects revealed that the damage to the poles and bases was general. Wind velocities recorded by the Weather Bureau and the Coast Guard indicated that wind speeds of more than 50 m.p.h. were reached during the storm. The lighting assemblies are expected to withstand 85 m.p.h. sustained winds and 104 m.p.h. gusts. The New Jersey Department of Transportation, Bureau of materials was requested to conduct an investigation to determine the probable cause of the failures to the LES-45 and L8S-40 lighting assemblies. They were further required to determine a means of inspecting non-failing assemblies for future prevention of these assemblies failing.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Static worst-case lifetime estimation of wireless sensor networks: A case study on VigilNet

Abstract This paper proposes a feasible static analysis approach to estimate the worst-case lifetime of WSNs, with specific focus on VigilNet. We statically estimate the lifetime of each node in VigilNet with a fixed initial energy budget through a hybrid approach, which integrates an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) based method to obtain the worst-case CPU energy consumption and domain-specific scenarios analysis to compute the worst-case radio energy consumption. Our experimental results indicate that this static approach can safely and accurately estimate the worst-case lifetime for WSNs.
A Reexamination of the Radiative Balance of the Stratosphere

The radiative balance of the stratosphere is examined in the light of the possible sensitivity of tracers to small changes in the diabatic heating. A comprehensive radiative transfer algorithm is developed on the basis of accurate and efficient methods for use in coupled stratospheric models of chemistry, dynamics, and radiative transfer, and the individual components of the code are validated against available line-by-line calculations. Finally, the results of different approximations commonly employed in radiative transfer algorithms are compared, and their effects on tracer transport are evaluated using a 2D ozone model.
Phosphorus fertilization and tillage effect on dinitrogen fixation in soybeans

Tillage has been shown to affect the uptake of phosphorus (P) and yield of soybeans, [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], but there is little information concerning the effects of P fertilization on nitrogen (N2) fixation in soybeans under no-tillage. Two field experiments were conducted in 1980 and 1981 to determine the effects of soil P on N2 fixation under no-tillage and to study the interaction of P fertilization and tillage of N2 fixation, nutrient uptake, and yield of soybeans. In Exp. I, P was applied in 1977 at five rates up to 384 kg P ha−1 and the effects of residual soil P were evaluated in 1980 and 1981 under no-tillage management. Nitrogen fixation rates, as measured by acetylene reduction assay, were significantly affected by soil P in Exp. I, but the assay proved to be a poor technique for estimating total plant N in these tests. Acetylene reduction rates and plant P increased rapidly as soil P increased from 2 to 20 mg kg−1, with little additional increase above 20 mg P kg−1.
Cycloaddition “4 + 2” reactions of levoglucosenone

Abstract The reactions of levoglucosenone with a variety of dienes ranging from 1,3-butadiene to 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran have been investigated and found to provide a variety of multicyclic products in good yield. With the exception of furan, the adducts were formed by the “4 + 2” cycloaddition reaction. The structures of these products are discussed on the basis of their p.m.r and c.m.r. data. 3-Bromolevoglucosan reacts with 1,3-butadiene to provide the expected product.
Synthesis and characterization of Oligodeoxynucleotides containing formamidopyrimidine lesions and nonhydrolyzable analogues

Oligodeoxynucleotides containing formamidopyrimidine lesions and C-nucleoside analogues at defined sites were prepared by solid-phase synthesis and in some cases enzymatic ligation. Formamidopyrimidine lesions were introduced as dinucleotides to prevent rearrangement to their pyranose isomers. Oligodeoxynucleotides containing single diastereomers of C-nucleoside analogues of Fapy·dA were introduced by using the respective phosphoramidites. The formamidopyrimidine lesions reduce the TM of dodecamers relative to their unmodified nucleotide counterparts when opposite the nucleotide proper base-pairing partner. However, duplexes containing Fapy·dG-dA mispairs melt significantly higher than those comprised of dG-dA. All duplexes containing Fapy·dA-dX or its C-nucleoside analogue melt lower than the respective complexes containing dA-dX. Studies of the alkaline lability of oligodeoxynucleotides containing formamidopyrimidine lesions indicate that Fapy·dA is readily identified as an alkali-labile lesion with use...
Assignment of the gene for cystathionine beta-synthase to human chromosome 21 in somatic cell hybrids.

Among several established mouse, rat, and Chinese hamster cell lines that were screened for cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) activity, mouse 3T3 and Chinese hamster Don fibroblasts were found to contain no detectable activity. Somatic cell hybrids between human fibroblasts KG-7 with normal CBS activity and Don/a23TK- cells (series XXI) were examined for CBS activity and for human chromosome content. Only chromosome 21 cosegregated with CBS activity. Because the activities measured could represent either Chinese hamster or human gene products, we have prepared a new series of hybrids between Don/a23TK- cells and mutant human fibroblasts from a patient with homocystinuria due to deficiency of functional CBS mRNA. None of these (series XXV) hybrids contained detectable CBS activity, although collectively all human chromosomes were represented. Our results suggest that the human gene for CBS, called CBS, and thus for the most common form of homocystinuria, is located on chromosome 21.
Molecular dynamics simulation of ultrafast laser ablation of fused silica film

Ultrafast laser ablation of fused silica is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. Ionization and generation of free electrons, absorption of the laser energy by free electrons and energy coupling between free electrons and ions are considered. The BKS potential is applied and modified to describe molecular interactions and the effect of free electrons. Smooth particle mesh of the Ewald method (SPME) is adopted to calculate the Coulomb force. It is found that the electrostatic Coulomb force, which is caused by the ionization, plays an important role in the laser ablation process.
Inhibition of papain by isothiocyanates.

Abstract During the tapping of papaya latex for papain (EC 3.4.22.2), benzyl isothiocyanate is enzymatically produced from benzylglucosinolate, a major component of the latex fluid. Benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits papain hydrolysis of α N- benzoyl - l - arginine ethyl ester (Bz-Arg-OEt). Since the availability of the papain sulfhydryl group to 5,5′-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (Nbs2) is inversely related to the extensiveness of the isothiocyanate inhibition, and treatment by benzyl isothiocyanate reduces the affinity of activated papain to a mercurialSepharose column, it is proposed that the papain sulfhydryl reacts with the electrophilic functional group of this inhibitor. Fifteen isothiocyanates were selected and both the chemical reactivity and their effectiveness as papain inhibitors determined. Three factors are involved in the isothiocyanate-papain inhibition: (1) chemical reactivity of isothiocyanates, (2) presence or absence of an aromatic substitution, and (3) the spatial relationship of the aromatic moiety to the NCS group of isothiocyanates. These data further suggest the presence of an ‘aromatic site’ near the Cys-25 sulfhydryl group of activated papain. Based on the existing model of papain molecule, the imidazole group of His-159 coincides well with our proposed aromatic site. The prospects of using isothiocyanates as chemical probes for the study of chemical environment of active sites in other enzymes are briefly discussed.
Measurements of infrared absorption by water vapor at temperatures to 1000°K

The integrated intensities and spectral absorption coefficients of water vapor in the 1·38 µ, 1·87 µ, 2·7 µ and 6·3 µ spectral regions have been measured at temperatures up to 1000°K. The experiments were performed in a specially designed, high-temperature absorption cell using self-broadening to remove the rotational fine structure.
Comparative sensitivity of several plaque assay techniques employing TN-368 and IPLB-SF 21AE insect cell lines for plaque variants of Galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis virus

Abstract Several plaque assay techniques employing TN-368 or IPLB-SF 21AE cells were evaluated for their usefulness in detecting and distinguishing MP (many polyhedra) and FP (few polyhedra) plaque variants of Galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Both plaque morphologies were produced using either cell line. Of the overlays tested, the buffered 0.6% methylcellulose overlay yielded the most plaques and was best suited for titration. It was also the easiest overlay to prepare and use. The largest plaques were obtained using either cell line with the 1.0 or 0.75% agarose overlays. Plaque variants were most easily distinguished under 1.0 or 0.75% agarose overlays with IPLB-SF 21 cells. The 0.9% MC overlay was the only overlay which did not allow detection of FP plaques. However, FP plaques were detected using a buffered modification of this overlay. It is concluded that the FP variant of G. mellonella NPV is not a host-dependent phenomenon, and that its detection can be influenced by overlay formulation.
Class Political Organizing and Welfare Capitalism

Studies of business' role in the development of the welfare state, while noting the ability of capitalist class coalitions to affect state policy, focus narrowly on battles over specific policies. They tend to emphasize temporary alliances and to overlook capitalists' extensive organizational activities in regulating capital-labor relations even before the New Deal — particularly through the open shop and welfare capitalist movements. This paper examines these organizations, how they forged class coalitions, and how they articulated with the state. It shows that organizational capacity is an important variable in theorizing capital-state relations. Capital's organizational capacity is affected by historical conditions that impact the development of class segments, the organizational capacity of labor, and state structures and agendas.
The effects of drl schedules on some characteristics of word utterance.

The utterances of particular words—“selected verbal responses” (SVR's)—were reinforced according to five different drl schedules and studied under changes in the schedule and/or the SVR. The emissions of SVR's were shaped by the procedure, while the rates of saying all the different words were unaffected. The distributions of the percentages of different IRT's and IRT's/OP's changed very little when only the SVR was changed, suggesting that reinforcements had their main effect upon some kind of “delaying behavior.” The modal IRT classes were just above the drl specifications, and there was no evidence of a second modal class at short IRT's. The differences between actual and optimum median IRT's were fairly constant under different drl schedules. Individual differences appeared in the behavior interpolated between SVR's: some subjects (Ss) counted the number of intervening words, some reported increases in tension, and still others seemed to change the pitch of voice in a cyclical pattern. The transcripts of intervening verbal behavior indicated the presence of some chains of words, presumably formed before the experiment and “adapted” to the length of the delay required for reinforcement. In the experimental situation the formation of verbal chains was only rarely observable.
A Review of the Species of Culex of the Subgenus Melanoconion (Diptera, Culicidae)

Few, if any, groups of mosquitoes present greater taxonomic confusion and difficulty than does the subgenus Melanoconion . At the present time, the species can be recognized with certainty only by the structures of the male terminalia. The females of most species can not be separated from one another; they are usually small and dark-colored, only a few having a distinctive golden-scaled scutum or white-ringed tarsi. The larvae of many species are readily recognizable, but for the most part they are insufficiently known to permit positive identification.
Solid-state spectral perturbations in square-planar complexes

Abstract A brief overview of color changes of square-planar complexes upon crystallization is presented along with selected spectra and theoretical spectral modeling results. In general, brilliant colored crystals of several square-planar complexes develop from colorless solution. The systems include Magnus’ green salt, tetracyanometallates, and bis(dimethylglyoximato)nickel(II). It is generally accepted that the transition responsible for a spectral red shift and increase in intensity is from an uppermost filled orbital with a large metal d z 2 component to a low-lying empty metal-based pz orbital. Since these orbitals are largely oriented out of plane, they interact most strongly when the planes are aggregated. Experimental data from selected single-crystal polarized specular reflectance spectra and ZINDO calculations on several systems are reviewed.
The use of epidemiologic and other data in selecting behavioral HIV prevention interventions for African American women.

ABSTRACT We describe a “research to practice” method by which public health policymakers and HIV prevention service providers can integrate the findings of national surveillance with other sources of public health data. We suggest developing a comprehensive risk profile, based on multiple sources of data, to inform the selection and implementation of evidence-based behavioral interventions (EBIs) for African-American women.
Opportunity cost of pharmacists' nearly universal prospective order review.

Dollars can only be spent once. The value of the next-best, but forfeited, alternative purchase is called the opportunity cost. Opportunity costs apply to scarce resources including work time. To minimize opportunity costs for work time, we prioritize. We are to provide pharmaceutical care, which is
Novel neuropathologic findings in the Haddad syndrome

Haddad syndrome (congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and Hirschsprung's disease) is a rare disorder for which in-depth neuropathologic analysis is lacking. We report the brain findings in a full-term male infant with Haddad syndrome who died at 27 days of life. Bilateral hypoplasia of the superior temporal lobe and gyral anomalies in the frontal cortex were present. Immunohistochemistry with an antibody to tyrosine hydroxylase (noradrenaline synthesis) demonstrated hypoplasia of the locus coeruleus (implicated in chemoreception) and A5 region. Other findings included delayed maturation of the arcuate nucleus (putative human homologue of ventral medullary neurons in animals critical for chemoreception) and aberrant fascicles in the nucleus of the solitary tract. Efforts to determine the putative gene mutation were unsuccessful. This study implicates novel brain findings in Haddad syndrome mimicking those in murine Phox2b null mutants. This case suggests that abnormalities occur in CCHS in a network of sites critical to chemoreception.
Joint covariate-adjusted score test statistics for recurrent events and a terminal event

Recurrent events data are frequently encountered and could be stopped by a terminal event in clinical trials. It is of interest to assess the treatment efficacy simultaneously with respect to both the recurrent events and the terminal event in many applications. In this paper we propose joint covariate-adjusted score test statistics based on joint models of recurrent events and a terminal event. No assumptions on the functional form of the covariates are needed. Simulation results show that the proposed tests can improve the efficiency over tests based on covariate unadjusted model. The proposed tests are applied to the SOLVD data for illustration.
Development of a Potassium Carbonate-based Absorption Process with Crystallization-enabled High-pressure Stripping for CO2 Capture: Vapor–liquid Equilibrium Behavior and CO2 Stripping Performance of Carbonate/Bicarbonate Aqueous Systems

A novel absorption-based post-combustion CO2 capture process is being developed to reduce the energy use associated with CO2 stripping and compression. The process features the use of a concentrated potassium carbonate/bicarbonate (PCB) aqueous solution as a solvent and high-pressure CO2 stripping with a bicarbonate-dominant slurry enabled by crystallization of the CO2-rich solution. Vapor–liquid equilibrium data under the typical stripping conditions of the process were measured and CO2 stripping tests were performed under various pressures, temperatures, PCB concentrations, and CO2 loading levels using a bench packed-bed stripping column. The results showed that CO2 stripping with a highly concentrated, highly CO2-loaded PCB solution/slurry at a high temperature was favored to attain a high stripping pressure and a low water vapor-to-CO2 pressure ratio in the product gas stream. The total heat use measured for CO2 stripping with the PCB system was up to three times lower than that of the benchmark 5 M monoethanolamine system under favorable conditions.
Uranyl sorption by smectites: spectroscopic assessment of thermodynamic modeling.

Abstract Batch sorption experiments and thermodynamic modeling of the interaction of UO22+ and its hydrolysis products with two smectitic clay minerals, the reference material SWy-1 [McKinley et al., Clays Clay Miner. 43 (1995) 586] and the soil isolate LK-1 [Turner et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 30 (1996) 3399], have established a conceptual framework for uranyl/smectite surface complexation based on general reactions between aqueous uranyl species and the reactive sites on the mineral surfaces. In this report, we have formulated and spectroscopically tested a set of hypotheses based on this conceptual framework using samples prepared under similar or identical conditions to evaluate the agreement between surface complexation/speciation as enumerated by spectroscopic characterization and that elaborated by the surface complexation model. Both steady-state and time-resolved optical emission spectral data are presented for uranyl on both smectite minerals as well as on the analogue phases SiO2 and Al(OH)3 spanning the pH range from ∼4 to 8 and the background electrolyte concentrations from ∼0.001 to 0.1 M. The spectral data enable the explicit identification of an outer-sphere exchange-site population of the hydrated cation [UO2(OH2)52+] in SWy-1. Spectral data also clearly establish the existence of inner-sphere surface complexes on the analogue phases and on the amphoteric clay crystallite edge sites [aluminol (>AlOH) and silanol (>SiOH)]. Based on the spectral characteristics of these uranyl edge-site populations, it is possible to readily infer for the SiO2, Al(OH)3, and SWy-1 samples the evolution in surface speciation with increasing pH to more hydrolyzed uranyl–surface complexes consistent with the conceptual model. The spectral domain characteristics of the edge-site populations on LK-1 with increasing pH suggest that there is no change in the hydrolysis of the uranyl–surface species. However, emission lifetime data are interpreted as indicating a shift in the surface speciation of the same uranyl–surface species from aluminol sites to silanol sites with pH increase. This observation is also consistent with the conceptual framework of the model. Data are also reported for Eu3+/smectite samples to provide additional insight into the exchange site populations. The emission spectra for Eu3+ in the basal-plane exchange sites differs significantly between SWy-1 and LK-1 samples reflecting a difference in the basal plane spacing between these two minerals, but the emission lifetime data suggest that the Eu3+ cation remains fully hydrated in both systems. The overall general description of surface speciation of uranyl on these mineral phases as enumerated by spectroscopy is in good accord with that derived from the conceptual thermodynamic model, lending added confidence to our understanding and descriptions of surface complexation behavior in this complex geochemical system.
Myriophyllum quitense Kunth (Haloragaceae) in Bolivia: A terrestrial growth-form with bisexual flowers

Abstract A terrestrial growth-form of Myriophyllum quitense growing in a lake bed in the interandean valley region of Bolivia represents the first report of a terrestrial growth-form for this species. While typically M. quitense possesses leaves and flowers in whorls of (3–) 4, this population is noteworthy for possessing 2–5% of individuals with both leaves and flowers in whorls of five, and for the presence of bisexual flowers. Observations regarding the distribution, habitat preferences and intraspecific variation of M. quitense in Bolivia are also given.
Making Forest of Bliss: Intention, Circumstance, and Chance in Nonflction Film

Making Forest of Bliss: Intention, Circumstance, and Chance in Nonflction Film. Robert Gardner and Akos Ostor. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002. 135 pp., DVD.
Mapping Fetal Brain Development In Utero Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: The Big Bang of Brain Mapping

The development of tools to construct and investigate probabilistic maps of the adult human brain from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has led to advances in both basic neuroscience and clinical diagnosis. These tools are increasingly being applied to brain development in adolescence and childhood, and even to neonatal and premature neonatal imaging. Even earlier in development, parallel advances in clinical fetal MRI have led to its growing use as a tool in challenging medical conditions. This has motivated new engineering developments encompassing optimal fast MRI scans and techniques derived from computer vision, the combination of which allows full 3D imaging of the moving fetal brain in utero without sedation. These promise to provide a new and unprecedented window into early human brain growth. This article reviews the developments that have led us to this point, examines the current state of the art in the fields of fast fetal imaging and motion correction, and describes the tools to analyze dynamically changing fetal brain structure. New methods to deal with developmental tissue segmentation and the construction of spatiotemporal atlases are examined, together with techniques to map fetal brain growth patterns.