cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction between Nitrogen and Phosphate Stress Responses in Sinorhizobium meliloti.

Bacteria have developed various stress response pathways to improve their assimilation and allocation of limited nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphate. While both the Nitrogen Stress Response (NSR) and Phosphate Stress Response (PSR) have been studied individually, there are few experiments reported that characterize effects of multiple stresses on one or more pathways in Sinorhizobium meliloti, a facultatively symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The PII proteins, GlnB and GlnK, regulate the NSR activity, but analysis of global transcription changes in a PII deficient mutant suggest that the S. meliloti PII proteins may also regulate the PSR. PII double deletion mutants grow very slowly and pseudoreversion of the slow growth phenotype is common. To understand this phenomenon better, transposon mutants were isolated that had a faster growing phenotype. One mutation was in phoB, the response regulator for a two component regulatory system that is important in the PSR. phoB::Tn5 mutants had different phenotypes in the wild type compared to a PII deficient background. This led to the hypothesis that phosphate stress affects the NSR and conversely, that nitrogen stress affects the PSR. Our results show that phosphate availability affects glutamine synthetase activity and expression, which are often used as indicators of NSR activity, but that nitrogen availability did not affect alkaline phosphatase activity and expression, which are indicators of PSR activity. We conclude that the NSR is co-regulated by nitrogen and phosphate, whereas the PSR does not appear to be co-regulated by nitrogen in addition to its known phosphate regulation.
Optimization of stainless steel melting practice by means of dynamic programming

A mathematical model of the electric-furnace process for making Type 304 stainless steel was developed and used to generate technical and economic data describing the process in terms of four stages. The optimum melting practice for a given set of operating restrictions was then determined from these data by means of the dynamic programming technique. Sensitivity analyses were made on a number of operating decisions in order to show the effect of these decisions on the overall production costs.
Synthesizing UNIX shell scripts using derivational analogy: an empirical assessment

The feasibility of derivational analogy as a mechanism for improving problem-solving behavior has been shown for a variety of problem domains by several researchers. However, most of the implemented systems have been empirically evaluated in the restricted context of an already supplied base analog, or on a few isolated examples. In this paper, we address the utility of a derivational analogy based approach when the cost of retriE(ving analogs from a sizable case library, and the cost of retrieving inappropriate analogs is factored in.
The District and Charter Sectors of American K–12 Education: Pros and Cons

This article probes ways in which the school-choice marketplace as it developed via chartering has not worked as well in practice as many had hoped. It includes reflection on the profoundly differe...
Radiographic and computed tomographic appearance of tracheal collapse with axial rotation in four dogs

Tracheal collapse with axial rotation was diagnosed in four dogs. Radiographs showed increased tracheal dorsoventral height at the caudal cervical and thoracic inlet with and apparent intraluminal soft tissue opacity, mimicking an intraluminal tracheal foreign body. Computed tomography confirmed dorsoventral tracheal collapse with axial rotation in all dogs. Short-term outcome with medical treatment of all dogs was excellent.
Agriculture and Plant Sciences Information Literacy

Agriculture is a broad subject of study that requires researchers to use a wide variety of information resources ranging from peer-reviewed and trade journals to weather data and government agency websites, and much more. While this makes teaching information literacy in agriculture challenging, little research has been published on the information literacy skills of individuals or groups conducting agricultural research. This chapter compiles the most important agriculture information sources, from those that are publicly available to propriety databases accessed through library or institutional subscriptions. It discusses the information-seeking behaviors of students, faculty, producers, and others involved in agricultural research, and how these different groups learn about new trends. It also provides librarians with ideas for information literacy instruction for agricultural students.
Editor’s introduction: toward feminist modernisms

When in 2012 we first began seeking a publisher for our proposed journal, we were told by a major press that Feminist Modernist Studies was “not needed” and librarians would not “know how to classi...
Team Assisted Individualization

The past decade has seen an important and dramatic change in research on cooperative incentive and task structures (see Slavin, 1983a), in which individuals work in small groups and are rewarded based on the group’s performance. Before the early 1970s, this research took place primarily in the social psychological laboratory, or in short-term field experiments in locations set up to resemble the laboratory. The systematic use of instructional methods involving cooperation among students was rarely seen, and when it did occur, the methods used tended to be drawn directly from the laboratory (see, for example, Johnson & Johnson, 1974; Slavin, 1977).
Formation of L12-Structured Ni3Si

Nickel-23 at. pct Si produced by hot extrusion of canned powders is two phase above 1035 °C, consisting of particles of the nickel (silicon) solid solution in a complex silicide matrix, labeled β2 on the phase diagram. Transformation to the Ll2-structured β1-Ni3Si was examined at temperatures from 525 °C to 925 °C by both optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Transformation to β1-Ni3Si was observed to occur by three different processes, namely, by precipitation within the Ni(Si) particles, by the peritectoid transformation Ni(Si) + β2 → β1, and by the eutectoid decomposition of β2, that is, through β2 → β1 + γNi31Si12. All of the transformations are consistent with the phase diagram. The β1 which formed both by precipitation and by the peritectoid transformation is coherent with the Ni(Si) solid solution. The peritectoid transformation appears to be interface controlled (at the coherent β1/β2 interface), as evidenced by the anisotropic fingerlike growth of the β1 into the β2 matrix.
Character and the Protean Culture of Evidence Law

Although "character" is a core concept in evidence law, its meaning is unsettled and contentious. Character is often left undefined or generalized as a species of propensity evidence. Some vigorously debate whether it has a "moral" or "ethical" component. A recurring chord frames character as a psychological construct, criticizing current law for relying on "bad" science (trait theory) and hoping that neuroscience and psychology (interactionism?) will remedy the defect. Doctrinal disputes about character's meaning reveal telling fissures in evidence law that reflect a broader dissonance in contemporary society, particularly the fraying of liberalism and middle-class values since the 1960s and the culture wars that followed. It is contended that character, like race, is a social and cultural construct. It is not grounded in science. Rather, character serves as a social score card of sorts, a crude, sometimes ugly, survey of what we think of others according to prevailing standards and values, some of which can be mean-spirited and maddeningly vague (e.g., he's a "bad" person). Character is part of our social fabric, permeating trials regardless of formal proof through the backdoors of demeanor and "background" evidence. It answers the essential question, "What kinds of people are involved here?" Part I explores character's role in trials through 3 episodes, including one in which a prominent historian of science, also a juror in a murder case, excoriates the law's forlorn attempt to banish character from trials as "quixotic" and "perverse." Part II surveys current law, highlighting doctrinal ambiguity about "character" and leaks in the rules, especially "background" and demeanor, that permit character to operate sub rosa at trial. Part III, the article's core, provides historical context. First, it contrasts the evolution of "character" from eighteenth-century conceptions of one's status in a hierarchical society to its central role in nineteenth-century liberalism, especially the ideals of "self-culture" and "balanced-character" that fueled the market economy and middle-class values. Second, as character evolved, so did its role at trial. Eighteenth-century trials were as much about determining character as in finding what happened. Paradoxically, while the nineteenth-century Victorians worshipped character development, they futilely attempted to lock it out of courtrooms as the modern trial was refashioned to curb juries' discretion in a search for "truth." The Victorian model held together well into the twentieth century, when the social, political, and cultural disruptions of the 1960s and the later culture wars sharply challenged its brand of liberalism and middle-class values. (Part IV.) As the "Occupiers'" movement reminds us, today's polite academic disagreement over character's meaning reflect louder, messier conflicts over values; relegating character to science is not a solution, only a fruitless circumlocution. The article closes with some suggestions for embracing character as the crude social and cultural construct that it is, and always has been.
Sustainable Development: Issues in Information, Knowledge, and Systems Management

Sustainable development refers to the fulfillment of human needs through simultaneous socioeconomic and technological progress and conservation of the earth's natural systems.i¾ i¾ Sustainable world progress is dependent upon continued economic, social, cultural, and technological progress.i¾ i¾ To achieve this, careful attention must also be paid to preservation of the earth's natural resources.i¾ i¾ Sustainable development is a term generally associated with the achievement of increased techno-economic growth coupled with preservation of the natural capital that is comprised of environmental and natural resources.i¾ i¾ It requires the development of enlightened institutions and infrastructures and appropriate management of risks, uncertainties, and information and knowledge imperfections to assure intergenerational equity, and intragenerational equity, all in support of enhanced human capital and conservation of the ability of earth's natural systems to serve humankind.i¾ i¾ This paper provides an overview of issues associated with sustainability.i¾ i¾ Of particular interest in this connection are systems management strategies for sustainabilty and the development of appropriate lifecycles for industrial processes that assist in the attainment of sustainable development that take into consideration risks, uncertainties, and information and knowledge imperfections.i¾ i¾ These efforts provide essential support in development of the knowledge capital and human capital that are necessary for all aspects of human and ecosystem survival and health.i¾ i¾ These issues are especially important at this time since we are in the midst of a major expansion in information and knowledge management capabilities, and the systems that enable this.i¾ i¾ It is the thesis of this paper that these resources can be used to greatly enhance sustainable development throughout the world.
HEARING AND LATERAL LINE | Auditory/Lateral Line CNS: Anatomy

The inner ear auditory and lateral line mechanosensory systems give rise to largely separate central circuits that are similarly organized. There are, however, many nuclei that receive inputs from both the sensory systems. The central auditory pathways of jawed fishes and land vertebrates share a common organizational pattern despite the evolution of nonhomologous peripheral auditory organs and, at some or all levels of the brain, auditory nuclei. The central organization of central lateral pathways resembles that of the auditory system. This article describes the constituents and connections of the fish central auditory and lateral line pathways.
Molecular Mechanism of Autonomy and Self-Organization: An Emerging Concept for the Future of Biomedical Sciences

The whole human body can be considered as a precisely programmed system. The entire physiological functions of the human body is regulated through a hierarchical (multilayer) molecular coding system. Disorder in any part of this coding system causes misfunction in the physiological functions in the human body which also can be defined as diseases. Deep understanding of the regulatory mechanisms behind the physiological functions at different layers of these molecular coding systems can open new avenues toward the treatment of diseases with no current cure. Here, we attempt to classify different diseases based on the etiology of diseases at the molecular coding level. We provide examples of diseases with no current effective cure applying conventional therapeutic approaches.
Peer Influences in Self-Regulation Development and Interventions in Early Childhood.

Self-regulation facilitates healthy development and positive adaptation across the life course, and deficits are linked to negative health outcomes. Self-regulation development is thus an important...
Slavery and Discrimination

This chapter argues that modern-day discrimination against African Americans had roots in the racism that surrounded slavery in the United States. Deprivation suffered by slaves permanently stunted their physical and cognitive development. However, the generation of African Americans born after slavery had much improved cognitive abilities. The author argues that discrimination subsequent to abolition was a reaction to the arrival and maturation of this new generation, which challenged whites in the economic and social realms.
Sisters in the Shadows: an Examination of Prince’s “Strange Relationship” with Black Women

AbstractMany have been obsessed with the women in Prince’s life since his purple reign began in the early 1980s. Following his shocking passing, special tribute publication and countless websites featured articles on the women in Prince’s life. However, mainstream media presentations of “Prince’s women” have focused heavily on White, Latina, and mixed-race women. Black women, who are an undeniable part of Prince’s legacy, have been almost nonexistent in these publications. The exclusion of these women from Prince discourse has served to perpetuate hegemonic notions of feminine beauty while also contributing to a persistent misconception that Prince practiced colorism. However, to accept this belief, one most ignore the numerous Black women of all hues with whom Prince associated. Therefore, this article seeks to add these women to ongoing Prince discourse. In doing so, it seeks to challenge assumptions regarding his relationship with Black women and to interrogate why these assumptions are so readily acce...
Buying Time: Debt and Mobility in the Western Indian Ocean

This is an ambitious book that the author deserves high praise for writing. Thomas McDow draws on a broad range of sources in a number of different languages and from far-flung archives and librari...
Intercostal muscle blood flow is elevated in old rats during submaximal exercise.

Abstract Background Respiratory muscle blood flows (BF) increase substantially during exercise in younger adult rats. As aging is associated with altered pulmonary function, we hypothesized that old rats will have greater intercostal muscle BF and vascular conductances (VC) than young rats during submaximal exercise. Methods Mean arterial pressure and respiratory muscle BFs (via carotid artery catheter and radiolabeled microspheres, respectively) were measured at rest and during submaximal exercise in young (n = 9) and old (n = 7) Fischer 344 X Brown Norway rats. Results At rest, diaphragm, intercostal, and transversus abdominis BFs and VCs were not different between groups (all, p > 0.10). During submaximal exercise, old compared to young rats had greater intercostal BF (40 ± 6 vs 25 ± 2 mL/min/100 g) and VC (0.30 ± 0.05 vs 0.18 ± 0.02 mL/min/mmHg/100 g) (both, p ≤ 0.01). Diaphragm and transversus abdominis BFs and VCs were not different between groups during exercise (all, p > 0.24). Conclusions These data demonstrate that intercostal muscle BF and VC are increased in old compared to young rats during submaximal exercise.
Revisional Obesity Surgery

There is a growing trend towards surgical techniques that minimize abdominal wall trauma. This will expand the benefits of traditional laparoscopic surgery with less pain, less scarring, less injury to tissues, shorter hospital stay, quicker return to normal physical activities, and better cosmetic outcome. This facilitates the development of a new concept: reduced port laparoscopic surgery (RPLS) with a decrease in either the number of ports or the size of ports, or a combination of both. After our extensive experience with primary bariatric RPLS, we started exploring revisional procedures. In this chapter we will discuss the operative strategy, technical challenges, and step-by-step description of revisional obesity RPLS and transversus abdominus plan block (TAP block).
Transvenous Endovascular Recanalization for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background In patients who have failed systemic anticoagulation therapy, various endovascular approaches may assist in emergent recanalization. Methods We searched the PubMed database from January 1999 to August 2018 for studies that reported endovascular treatment modalities and associated clinical outcomes including recanalization, functional independence, mortality, or intracranial complications. Random-effect models were used to pool estimates across studies using R software. Results Overall, 393 patients with cerebral venous thrombosis from 21 studies were included in the study. Transvenous local chemolysis treatment results were as follows: good outcome rate. 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80–0.93), mortality, 0.08 (95% CI, 0.04–0.16), postprocedural hemorrhagic rate, 0.11 (95% CI, 0.06–0.19), and complete recanalization rate, 0.59 (95% CI, 0.48–0.70). Transvenous mechanical thrombectomy results were as follows: good outcome rate, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.41–0.84), mortality, 0.09 (95% CI, 0.03–0.26), postprocedural hemorrhagic rate, 0.03 (95% CI, 0–0.16), and complete recanalization rate, 0.60 (95% CI, 0.35–0.80). Combined approach treatment results were as follows: good outcome rate, 0.80 (95% CI, 0.70–0.87), mortality, 0.10 (0.04–0.22), postprocedural hemorrhagic rate, 0.17 (95% CI, 0.10–0.27), and complete recanalization rate, 0.75 (95% CI, 0.64–0.84). Mixed approach to treatment results were as follows: good outcome rate, 0.61 (95% CI, 0.51–0.70), mortality, 0.23 (95% CI, 0.16–0.32), postprocedural hemorrhagic rate, 0.46 (95% CI, 0.33–0.59), and complete recanalization rate, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.37–0.58). Conclusions The combination approach treatment tended to have better outcomes, although this meta-analysis did not achieve statistical significance in all outcome parameters. Future studies are needed to establish the best treatment options with tailoring to specific clinical or angiographic scenarios.
Geometric considerations support the double-displacement catalytic mechanism of l-asparaginase.

Twenty crystal structures of the complexes of l-asparaginase with l-Asn, l-Asp, and succinic acid that are currently available in the Protein Data Bank, as well as 11 additional structures determined in the course of this project, were analyzed in order to establish the level of conservation of the geometric parameters describing interactions between the substrates and the active site of the enzymes. We found that such stereochemical relationships are highly conserved, regardless of the organism from which the enzyme was isolated, specific crystallization conditions, or the nature of the ligands. Analysis of the geometry of the interactions, including Burgi-Dunitz and Flippin-Lodge angles, indicated that Thr12 (Escherichia coli asparaginase II numbering) is optimally placed to be the primary nucleophile in the most likely scenario utilizing a double-displacement mechanism, whereas catalysis through a single-displacement mechanism appears to be the least likely.
Mesoscale, Cantilever-Based Indentation Device for Mechanical Characterization of Soft Matter and Biological Tissue

Abstract Tissue engineering has been driving a growing interest in mesoscale tissue mechanics (10−4 – 10−2 m), requiring tools to compare modulus between irregularly shaped primary tissue explants and synthetic scaffolds. We have designed and built a simple cantilever-based mesoscale indentation device to record force-displacement data during spring-loading, stress-relaxation, and creep experiments. Its simple design enables quantification of a wide range of soft matter moduli, from ~500 Pa collagen hydrogels to ~2 MPa silicones, by its compatibility with cantilevers of different stiffnesses and indentation probes of different sizes. A piezo-electric stage is used to drive a cylindrical or spherical indentation tip into the sample, while custom programming in LabVIEW through a data acquisition card enables stage control and acquisition of cantilever deflection using a capacitive sensor. Cantilever stiffness, deflection, and piezoelectric stage positions, acquired at a rate of 10Hz, are used to calculate force and indentation depth throughout indentation cycles. Using xyz manual coarse stages, tissue properties can be mapped across the sample surface. We have also built in commands to tune initial tip location using the piezo-stage to more easily find the sample surface, which is critical for accurate application of contact models. Here, we provide detailed information on how to design, build, and code a system for mesoscale indentation.
From encampments to hotspots: the changing policing of homelessness in New York City

This article examines a shift in language and enforcement around homeless dwellings in New York City that occurred in 2015. Amidst a rising tide of anti-homeless sentiment, city officials and polic...
Comparison of Satisfaction With Comorbid Depression Care Models Among Low-Income Patients With Diabetes:

Introduction:Patient satisfaction is a patient-reported outcome with the potential to assess and improve the quality of newer care-management models such as remote patient monitoring using telecomm...
Preventing Challenging Behaviors in People with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities

We review the current literature on preventing challenging behaviors in people with neurodevelopmental disabilities. The goal of the review is to identify existing best practices shown to prevent or reduce challenging behaviors. We then review emerging areas of innovation that may help contribute to a more robust approach to prevent the development of these behaviors. Preventative interventions that include family-based protective factors, communication skills, social competence, and/or functional skills show evidence of reducing or preventing challenging behaviors. Research on the emergence of challenging behaviors from stereotypy suggests an additional avenue for prevention, as does the diagnosis and treatment of health conditions that can contribute to challenging behaviors. There is also a growing literature suggesting that biological factors such as behavioral phenotypes and gene variants associated with aggression may be viable avenues for prevention research. This paper shows that the prevention of challenging behaviors is a tangible possibility and raises areas for future research to more robustly develop a prevention science focused on pre-empting the development of challenging behaviors in people with neurodevelopmental disabilities.
Social media use and depression in adolescents: a scoping review

There have been increases in adolescent depression and suicidal behaviour over the last two decades that coincide with the advent of social media (SM) (platforms that allow communication via digital media), which is widely used among adolescents. This scoping review examined the bi-directional association between the use of SM, specifically social networking sites (SNS), and depression and suicidality among adolescents. The studies reviewed yielded four main themes in SM use through thematic analysis: quantity of SM use, quality of SM use, social aspects associated with SM use, and disclosure of mental health symptoms. Research in this field would benefit from use of longitudinal designs, objective and timely measures of SM use, research on the mechanisms of the association between SM use and depression and suicidality, and research in clinical populations to inform clinical practice.
Case reports on a gastric mass presenting with regional lymphadenopathy: A differential diagnosis is gastric schwannoma.

Abstract Background Gastric schwannomas are uncommon among a broad range of possible diagnoses in the work up of a gastric mass. Regional lymphadenopathy associated with gastric schwannoma is an even less common occurrence and one would otherwise suspect a malignant neoplasm. Case presentation We present two non-consecutive cases from a signle academic center depicting Caucasian females in their 5th and 6th decades of life with gastric schwannoma and adjacent lymphadenopathy. Multiple lymph node excisions were performed without evidence of neoplasia. Discussion Lymphadanopathy in the presence of a gastric mass typically represents malignant neoplasm. A less than likely presentation of gastric schwannoma with reactive regional lymph nodes poses a challenge to adequate preoperative diagnosis and increases risk for a more aggressive than necessary surgical approach with lymphadenectomy. Conclusion While the correlation between gastric schwannoma and lymphadenopathy is uncertain, this ought to be considered. If diagnosis can be confirmed preoperatively, omission of lymphadenectomy is appropriate.
A Two-Stage Joint Modeling Method for Causal Mediation Analysis in the Presence of Treatment Noncompliance

Estimating the effect of a randomized treatment and the effect that is transmitted through a mediator is often complicated by treatment noncompliance. In literature, an instrumental variable (IV)-based method has been developed to study causal mediation effects in the presence of treatment noncompliance. Existing studies based on the IV-based method focus on identifying the mediated portion of the intention-to-treat effect, which relies on several identification assumptions. However, little attention has been given to assessing the sensitivity of the identification assumptions or mitigating the impact of violating these assumptions. This study proposes a two-stage joint modeling method for conducting causal mediation analysis in the presence of treatment noncompliance, in which modeling assumptions can be employed to decrease the sensitivity to violation of some identification assumptions. The use of a joint modeling method is also conducive to conducting sensitivity analyses to the violation of identification assumptions. We demonstrate our approach using the Jobs II data, in which the effect of job training on job seekers’ mental health is examined.
The Bipartisan Bayh Amendment: Republican Contributions to the Twenty-fifth Amendment

It is appropriate that Senator Birch Bayh has been widely recognized as the author and person most responsible for the Twenty-Fifth Amendment. His work was indispensable, and he was helped by other Democrats and nonpartisan actors including the American Bar Association and John D. Feerick, among others. Yet the Amendment was also the product of bipartisan cooperation. Important provisions were based on work done during the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and Eisenhower and his Attorney General, Herbert Brownell, played important roles in supporting Bayh’s proposal as did other Republicans in and out of Congress. Republicans like Representative Richard Poff pushed ideas and provisions that found their way into the Amendment, helped create important legislative history, and contributed in the legislative process. Bayh’s legislative contribution included the inclusive manner in which he operated, and many Republicans deserve credit for participating constructively in a process they could not direct. In describing the bipartisan character of the Bayh Amendment, this Article seeks to fill a void in scholarly writing since no prior work has this focus. It also uses the Twenty-Fifth Amendment as a case study of the sort of bipartisan effort on which any constitutional amendment depends. And it suggests that the dispositions that produced the Twenty-Fifth Amendment—in particular, communal problem solving based on a recognition of the need for interested parties to build from areas of agreement—would contribute to addressing other social problems.
Top-down control of hippocampal signal-to-noise by prefrontal long-range inhibition

Summary The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is postulated to exert ‘top-down control’ by modulating information processing throughout the brain to promote specific actions based on current goals. However, the pathways mediating top-down control remain poorly understood. In particular, knowledge about direct prefrontal connections that might facilitate top-down prefrontal control of information processing in the hippocampus remains sparse. Here we describe novel monosynaptic long-range GABAergic projections from PFC to hippocampus. These preferentially inhibit vasoactive intestinal polypeptide expressing interneurons, which are known to disinhibit hippocampal microcircuits. Indeed, stimulating prefrontal–hippocampal GABAergic projections increases hippocampal feedforward inhibition and reduces hippocampal activity in vivo. The net effect of these actions is to specifically enhance the signal-to-noise ratio for hippocampal representations of objects. Correspondingly, stimulation of PFC-to-hippocampus GABAergic projections promotes object exploration. Together, these results elucidate a novel top-down pathway in which long-range GABAergic projections target disinhibitory microcircuits, thereby enhancing signals and network dynamics underlying exploratory behavior.
Generalized modified modal superposition procedure for seismic design of rocking and pivoting steel spine systems

Abstract To mitigate structural damage and associated losses due to strong earthquakes, rocking and pivoting steel spine systems have been proposed to control story drifts and localize inelastic deformations in ductile energy dissipating components. One of the challenges of designing these systems is proportioning the spine members to remain essentially elastic under earthquakes. Previous studies have shown that modified modal analysis can efficiently and accurately capture the forces developed in rocking braced frames. One of these approaches, the modified modal superposition (MMS) method, consists of superimposing the first inelastic modal force(s) with the elastic higher modal forces. The methodology, previously developed for single rocking braced frame, is extended for coupled and stacked rocking braced frames as well as strongback systems, equipped with various hysteretic and viscous nonlinear dampers. Nonlinear dynamic analyses run with a suite of 50 hazard-consistent ground motions for seven archetype rocking and pivoting systems demonstrate the accuracy of the capacity design procedure for predicting member forces in braced frame steel spines as well as global forces: story shear and overturning moments. Using the MMS methodology, peak story drifts and floor accelerations are reliably estimated. Comparison of the alternative spine configurations demonstrate the effects of various energy dissipation properties, global hysteresis behavior and earthquake frequency content on the nonlinear dynamic response of these systems.
Less bleeding associated with apixaban versus other direct acting oral anticoagulation in solid organ transplant recipients.

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of bleeding and thrombosis resulting from the use of DOACs in a large cohort of SOT recipients. Methods This was a single center, retrospective cohort study of adult kidney, heart, lung, and liver transplant recipients transplanted between August 2009 and May 2018. Patients were stratified into two groups: those who received apixaban (apixaban group) or those patients receiving either rivaroxaban or dabigatran (non-apixaban group). The primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of bleeding while receiving DOAC therapy. The secondary endpoints were incidence of major bleeding and thrombosis at any time while receiving DOAC therapy. Results A total of 106 patients were included; 70 patients received apixaban and 36 patients received non-apixaban anticoagulation. Cumulative incidence of any bleeding was lower in the apixaban group compared to the non-apixaban group at both 90 days (4.9% versus 16.1%) and 180 days (11.4% versus 24.9%, P = 0.034). Cumulative incidence of major bleeding (P = 0.686) and thrombosis (P = 0.515) were similar between groups. DOAC dosing congruent with the package insert(s) was associated with a lower risk of thrombosis. Conclusion Apixaban-based anticoagulation was associated with a lower cumulative incidence of any bleeding compared to non-apixaban DOACs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Barriers to learning a new technology to go online among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the importance of using information and communication technology (ICT) to address daily and healthcare needs. The barriers for older adults in the United States to learn a new technology to go online during the pandemic remain to be studied. METHODS: Using data from the 2019-2020 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative survey of older Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older in the United States, we used multivariable logistic regression models to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with learning a new technology to go online during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Our sample represented 23,547,688 older adults nationally, of which the majority (60.2%) increased ICT use during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, most older adults (71.8%) did not report learning a new technology to go online. Those who did not learn a new technology to go online had less of an increase in ICT use than those who learned either with help or by themselves (50.7% vs. 78.4% or 89.2% respectively, p < 0.01). The odds of learning a new technology decreased with increasing age (aOR [95%CI] = 0.96 [0.94-0.98]), being male (aOR [95%CI] = 0.56 [0.45-0.72]), having lower than high school educational attainment (aOR [95%CI] = 0.38 [0.29-0.50]), decreasing income levels (aORs ranged from 0.28 to 0.54), and self-reported fair or poor general health (aOR [95%CI] = 0.65 [0.47-0.90]). CONCLUSION: The identified sociodemographic and clinical factors could inform targeted intervention strategies to improve ICT use among older adults during the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and in the future.
Experimental validation of candidate schizophrenia gene CALN1 as a target for microRNA-137.

Abstract MIR137 , which encodes microRNA-137 (miR-137), and several of its target genes exhibit genome-wide significant associations with schizophrenia. In a previous study, we analyzed the SNPs in a group of predicted MIR137 target genes and detected genome-wide significant association of schizophrenia with rs2944829 in the CALN1 gene. However, no experimental evidence for CALN1 and MIR137 interaction has yet been reported. In this study, we first computationally analyzed the putative miR-137 target site on CALN1 and predicted that miR-137 binds CALN1 at nucleotide (nt) position 236–242 in the 3′UTR. Then we assayed gene expression by transfecting miR-137 mimics into HEK293 and SH-SY5Y cell lines. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR results showed that the expression level of CALN1 significantly decreased in cells co-transfected with miR-137 mimics compared to cells transfected with the blank control ( P = .0046 in HEK293 cell lines, P = .038 in SH-SY5Y cells lines). Finally, we co-transfected different combinations of miRNA mimics and either wild type CALN1 3′UTR or mutant 3′UTR reporters into HEK293 and SH-SY5Y cell lines and assessed the specificity of miRNA binding using a luciferase reporter assay. The transfection of miR-137 mimics corresponded with a considerable reduction of luciferase activity on vectors carrying the target fragment ( P = 1.17 × 10 −5 , 68% reduction in HEK293 cell line, and P = 5.09 × 10 −6 , 32% reduction in SH-SY5Y cell line). This inhibition was impaired by site-directed mutagenesis of the miR-137 target fragment. Our results provide strong evidence that CALN1 is a target of miR-137.
Collagenase and hyaluronidase stimulation by dibutyryl adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate.

Abstract Total and specific activities of collagenase and hyaluronidase released into media of organ cultures of bullfrog tadpole tail fin were increased 2- to 4-fold by addition of 10-5 m dibutyryl adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate. Stimulation of collagenase also occurred on similar treatment of cell-free unfractionated control medium but no effect was observed with purified collagenase or the zymogen of collagenase. The possible relationship of adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate to activation of the zymogen of collagenase is discussed.
Vectoring the N-body problem on the CM-5

We develop an optimized program for the N-body problem on the CM-5 with vector units. The work is intended to make full use of the power of the vector pipelines provided by the CM-5 equipped with vector units to improve the computation performance. Some development issues using the vector units are discussed. The code is written in CDPEAC, an assembly-like language which can be called from C. Performance data and some analysis results are given. >
β-Amyloid regulates leptin expression and tau phosphorylation through the mTORC1 signaling pathway.

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 373–384. Abstract High levels of the adipocytokine leptin are associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Leptin treatment also reduces β-amyloid (Aβ) levels in in vivo and in vitro models of Alzheimer’s disease. Aβ and leptin interact with the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway. Akt/mTORC1 activation reduces tau phosphorylation through the inhibition of the downstream enzyme GSK-3β. mTORC1 also regulates translation of many proteins including leptin. While Aβ has been shown to inactivate Akt, inhibit mTORC1, and facilitate the phosphorylation of tau, leptin activates both Akt and mTORC1 and reduces tau phosphorylation. However, the extent to which Aβ may modulate leptin expression and increase tau phosphorylation involving Akt/mTORC1 has not been determined. In this study, we show that incubation of organotypic slices from rabbit hippocampus with Aβ down-regulates leptin expression, inhibits Akt, activates GSK-3β, increases tau phosphorylation, and inactivates mTORC1. Leptin treatment reverses Aβ effects by alleviating Akt inhibition, preventing GSK-3β activation, reducing tau phosphorylation, and activating mTORC1. On the other hand, Rapamycin, an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1, down-regulates leptin expression, increases tau phosphorylation, and does not affect Akt and GSK-3β. Our results demonstrate for the first time that Aβ regulates leptin expression and tau phosphorylation through mTORC1.
Radical Democratic Communities Always-in-the-Making

This article explores the centralpragmatist and feminist philosophical assumption thatknowers can not be separated from what is known, thatthere is a dialectical relationship between socialbeings and ideas that is dynamic, flexible, andreciprocal. The author seeks a closer examination ofconstructive thinking in relation to the practice ofthinking constructively within social communities. She discusses social communities that constructknowledge as radical democratic communitiesalways-in-the-making, and the skills of communicatingand relating which help knowers be able to activelyparticipate in the construction of knowledge. Giventhe fallibility of the pluralistic subjects, she showsthe importance of addressing cultural influences andpolitical power in theories about thinking. Sheargues for the value of embracing pluralistic anddemocratic commitments on epistemological grounds aswell as moral grounds.
Recent Developments in Microwave Ion Clocks

We review the development of microwave-frequency standards based on trapped ions. Following two distinct paths, microwave ion clocks have evolved greatly in the last twenty years since the earliest Paul-trap-based units. Laser-cooled ion frequency standards reduce the second-order Doppler shift from ion micromotion and thermal secular motion achieving good signal-to-noise ratios via cycling transitions where as many as ≈ 108 photons per second per ion may be scattered. Today, laser-cooled ion standards are based on linear Paul traps which hold ions near the node line of the trapping electric field, minimizing micromotion at the trapping-field frequency and the consequent second-order Doppler frequency shift. These quadrupole (radial) field traps tightly confine tens of ions to a crystalline single-line structure. As more ions are trapped, space charge forces some ions away from the node-line axis and the second-order Doppler effect grows larger, even at negligibly small secular temperatures. Buffer-gas-cooled clocks rely on large numbers of ions, typically ≈ 107, optically pumped by a discharge lamp at a scattering rate of a few photons per second per ion. To reduce the second-order Doppler shift from space charge repulsion of ions from the trap node line, novel multipole ion traps are now being developed where ions are weakly bound with confining fields that are effectively zero through the trap interior and grow rapidly near the trap electrode “walls”.
The effect of particulate and water contamination on the dielectric strength of insulating oils

The dielectric strength of insulating oils is influenced by particulate and water contamination. The deleterious effect of moisture on the dielectric strength is well known in the industry and is reflected in the manufacturing, commissioning and maintenance practices for oil wetted electrical equipment. The deleterious effect of solid contaminants on the dielectric strength is also well known but most often there are no specifications for the oil contamination level and it is not monitored. The subject study was undertaken to quantify the influence of naturally occurring particulate contaminants with various amounts of moisture on the dielectric breakdown voltage of serviced oil from a circuit breaker. The paper also discusses dielectric oil filtration and automatic particle counters and their use in the control of particulate contaminants in oil wetted electrical equipment.
Thromboprophylaxis in an Academic Medical Center

Abstract Introduction: Questions regarding which patients require prophylaxis for thromboembolism, what methods should be used and the appropriate duration of treatment remain unanswered. Methods and Materials: A retrospective review from a single academic medical center was undertaken to evaluate prophylactic strategies. Multiple sources of data were used to identify patients who were prophylaxed and those who developed deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. These data were analyzed to determine factors associated with successful prophylaxis including age, type of prophylaxis and admitting services. Results: A total of 22,030 patients were admitted of whom 7520 (36%) received prophylaxis and there were 523 thromboembolic events. Pneumatic compression devices and antiembolic stockings had the lowest incidence of failure, 2.2% and 3.2% respectively. There were significant differences in the rates of prophylaxis used by the five admitting services, being highest in surgery (40.8%) and lowest in gynecology (11.4%). However, these groups had the lowest incidence of venous thromboembolism (4.3%, 2.3%). Both of these groups used pneumatic compression as the method of choice (64.3% and 65.2%). Conclusions: Thromboembolism prophylaxis reduces the incidence of DVT and PE, however, our study demonstrates the variable effectiveness of each method in different types of patients. Our data suggest that patient risk of DVT should be individually assessed and an appropriate method of prophylaxis should be applied when warranted.
SIMD processors-expanding its horizons by emulating others

Parallel processing has established itself as the key enabling technology for the future of high performance computing. A parallel machine can be abstracted as a collection of processing elements (PEs) connected using some form of communication network. Parallel machines have been built along two major architectural formats: multiple-instruction streams multiple-data streams (MIMD) machines and single-instruction stream multiple-data streams (SIMD) machines. The hardware differences and general programming models for SIMD and MIMD processors have led many to believe each can solve only limited types of problems. SIMD machines, for instance, are often used in applications such as image processing. In that application, the same set of operations are performed on many different pieces of data. MIMD machines are commonly used when the control flow needs vary in correspondence with differences in data, such as parallel simulation.
Stress corrosion cracking of Cu18%Au in 1N Na2SO4 - 0.01N H2SO4

Utilisation d'une deformation en trois points durant la polarisation anodique de polycristaux de Cu-18% Au dans une solution Na 2 SO 4 -H 2 SO 4 , afin de mieux comprendre le processus de fissuration par corrosion sous tension. Les resultats suggerent que la propagation de fissures de type clivage demande une dissolution de Cu simultanee. Aucun des modeles proposes n'explique correctement toutes les caracteristiques du processus
Genetic Regulation of Androgen-Induced Accumulation of Mouse Renal β-Glucuronidase Messenger Ribonucleic Acid*

Mouse kidney β-glucuronidase is induced by androgens in a receptor-dependent fashion. Genetic regulatory mutations have been described which govern this response. In mice carrying the Gus-ra allele (A/J), the induction of enzyme activity is 3–5 times greater than in animals with the Gus-rb allele (C57BL/6J). To study this hormonal and genetic control at the molecular level, we measured changes in β-glucuronidase mRNA concentrations in these two mouse strains using cloned cDNA. The specificity of the regulation was assessed by following changes in the concentration of kidney androgen-regulated protein (KAP) mRNA, which is also under androgen control in mouse kidney. Female mice were treated with Silastic implants that released 120 μg testosterone/day over a 20-day time course. Induction of specific mRNA was analyzed by either Northern blot hybridization or a more quantitative assay in which renal poly(A) RNA was covalently bound to aminophenylthioether paper discs. The induction of β-glucuronidase mRNA was...