cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-scale alluvial fan heterogeneity modeled with transition probability geostatistics in a sequence stratigraphic framework

Abstract The complexity of alluvial fan depositional systems makes detailed characterization of their heterogeneity difficult, yet such detailed characterizations are commonly needed for construction of reliable groundwater models. The transition probability geostatistical approach provides a means to quantify the distribution of hydrofacies in the subsurface. However, a key assumption used in this and other geostatistical approaches is that of stationarity. Stratigraphic character often varies within a deposit, making this assumption tenuous. Sequence stratigraphic concepts help us overcome this problem by dividing the strata into units that have similar properties, called sequences, based on recognition of unconformities and timelines within the sedimentary record. By using transition probability geostatistics in a sequence stratigraphic framework, realizations of the alluvial fan facies distributions are produced that account for multi-scale heterogeneity represented by spatially variable hydrofacies within sequences, laterally extensive aquitard units at sequence boundaries, and spatial variability attributes that are unique to each sequence. Incorporation of conceptual geologic information into the Markov chain model of transition probability also allows development of improved coregionalization models in the typically undersampled, lateral directions. The Kings River Alluvial Fan, located southeast of Fresno, California, provides an excellent test case for the approach. Several sequences within the alluvial fan were produced by outwash from Pleistocene glaciations in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Five sequences, separated by large-scale (>3 km laterally), mature, red paleosols, were recognized in the alluvial fan strata. Markov chain models were developed to characterize the intermediate-scale (0.3–1.5 km laterally) distribution of hydrofacies in each individual sequence and to characterize the spatial distribution of paleosols. Separate conditional simulation of each sequence provides realizations of hydrofacies distributions. Combining these five sequence realizations into a single realization, then overprinting the paleosol distributions onto this realization, produced a geologically plausible image of the subsurface facies distribution that accounts for non-stationarity between stratigraphic units. Importantly, the resulting realization preserves the lateral continuity of the large-scale sequence boundary paleosols, which are potentially important confining beds within the fan deposits. Additionally, facies juxtaposition tendencies (e.g. upward fining tendencies of the fluvial deposits) and known directional anisotropy and dip of units within the fan are preserved in the realization. These physical attributes, accurately reproduced by the geostatistical method, are essential components of the overall hydrogeologic character of the alluvial fan.
Intramuscular methohexital for rapid induction of short duration sleep in the EEG laboratory: a study of forty-four hyperkinetic children.

Abstract Methohexital, an ultra-short acting barbiturate, was administered intramuscularly to induce sleep in a group of 44 hyperactive and/or hyperirritable children requiring EEGs. Sleep occurred rapidly with return to a fully alert state within 70 min in 37 subjects. No subject slept longer than 2 h and 44 min. The EEGs resembled those seen with other sedatives but evolution toward patterns of lighter sleep was more rapid. This study indicates that i.m. methohexital is promising as a hypnotic drug for EEG examination. However, its use demands special precautions including the immediate availability of a physician and constant alertness of attending personnel to the possibility of respiratory complications.
Comparisons of Intelligence and Behavior in Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and ADHD.

Objective: Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) can easily be misdiagnosed as having ADHD. Method: A total of 164 children were compared on cognitive and behavioral measures for fou...
Pulsed EPR Characterization of the Low-Spin Iron(III) Porphyrinate Complexes with Phenyl Isocyanide Ligands Having the dxy Orbital Ground State

Pulsed electron−nuclear double resonance and electron spin−echo envelope modulation spectroscopies have been used to characterize the bis(phenyl isocyanide) complexes of iron(III)-tetraphenylporphyrin ([TPPFe(PhNC)2]+) and iron(III)-octaethylporphyrin ([OEPFe(PhNC)2]+) that have the dxy orbital configuration. The spin density distribution in the porphyrin π system was obtained, with major spin density (∼0.06) being delocalized to each meso carbon atom. The spin density on the pyrrole β carbons was found to be negligible. The upper limit for spin density on Fe3+ was estimated to be about 0.63. The hyperfine interaction constants on the pyrrole nitrogens (on average, ∼3.3 MHz) were also evaluated. The overall spin density distribution obtained was found to be in agreement with that estimated theoretically (Ghosh, A.; Gonzalez, E.; Vangberg, T. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 1363) using density functional theory.
Case Report: Failure of Rotating-hinge Total Knee Prosthesis by Disengagement of the Hinge-post Extension

Background Although modern-generation rotating-hinge knee implants have been modified to mitigate earlier complications related to aseptic loosening with these devices in revision TKAs, there are few, if any, reports of failure related to the hinge mechanism in these prostheses.
Developing a screening index for community studies of somatization disorder

Abstract Despite the low prevalence of somatization disorder in the community, the section of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule used to make the diagnosis—as well as previous diagnostic interviews for the related diagnoses of hysteria, and Briquet's syndrome—is quite lengthy. This study evaluates a somatization disorder screening index derived from completed interviews from the NIMH sponsored Epidemiologic Catchment Area program. A screening index comprised of 11 symptoms of somatization was derived at the Duke ECA site and replicated across the Johns Hopkins, Yale, and Washington University sites. Across ECA sites a screening threshold of five of 11 symptoms correctly identified 41 of 42 respondents with DIS/DSM-III somatization disorder (97.6%) while correctly classifying 14,600 of 14,750 (99.0%) without the disorder. The screening index offers promise as a screening device for clinical and community studies of somatization disorder.
When Teaching Is a Challenge.

(1981). When Teaching is a Challenge. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 258-259.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopic Imaging of the Brain: Application of fmri and fmrs to Reading Disabilities and Education:

This tutorial/review covers functional brain-imaging methods and results used to study language and reading disabilities. Although the main focus is on functional MRI and functional MR spectroscopy...
Keratopathy of multiple myeloma masquerading as corneal crystals of ocular cystinosis.

We describe a 49-year-old woman in whom ocular cystinosis was diagnosed on the basis of a routine eye examination 12 years previously. Conjunctival biopsy was reported to support the diagnosis. The patient described photophobia for the past 5 years and reported a 2-fold increase in her serum IgG level for the past 12 years. On ophthalmic examination, corneal crystals were evident in the epithelium and superficial stromal layers, rather than throughout the corneal epithelium and the entire stroma as in ocular cystinosis. The patient's serum protein level was elevated at 8.7 g/dL; protein electrophoresis showed an elevated γ-globulin peak, and the IgG level was twice that of normal at 2820 mg/dL. Bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. This case illustrates that multiple myeloma can mimic corneal findings of cystinosis.
Hairless contains a novel nuclear matrix targeting signal and associates with histone deacetylase 3 in nuclear speckles.

Hair follicle cycling is a highly regulated and dynamic cellular process consisting of phases of growth, regression, and quiescence. The hairless (hr) gene encodes a nuclear factor that is highly expressed in the skin, where it appears to be an essential regulator during the regression in the catagen hair follicle. In hairless mice, as well as humans with congenital atrichia, the absence of hr protein initiates a premature and abnormal catagen due to defects in the signaling required for hair follicle remodeling. Here, we report that hr protein is a nuclear protein that is tightly associated with the nuclear matrix scaffold. Using a series of deletion constructs of the mouse hr gene, we monitored the sub-cellular localization of the recombinant protein by in situ immunolocalization and biochemical fractionation after nuclear matrix extraction of transiently transfected cells. We identified a novel nuclear matrix-targeting signal (NMTS) in the hr protein and mapped the domain to amino acid residues 111–186 of the mouse hr sequence. Furthermore, we provide evidence that this region not only mediates the interaction of hr with components of the nuclear architecture, but also specifies the sub-nuclear location of the hr protein to nuclear domains containing deacetylase activity. The N-terminal region directs hr to a speckled nuclear pattern that co-localizes with the histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC), but not with HDAC1 or HDAC7. Based on our findings, we propose that hr protein is part of a specific multi-protein repressor complex and that hr may be involved in chromatin remodeling.
“On Course” for Supporting Expanded Participation and Improving Scientific Reasoning in Undergraduate Thesis Writing

The Department of Chemistry at Duke University has endeavored to expand participation in undergraduate honors thesis research while maintaining the quality of the learning experience. Accomplishing this goal has been constrained by limited departmental resources (including faculty time) and increased diversity in students’ preparation to engage in the research and writing processes. Here we assessed the relationship between iterative changes in pedagogical and mentoring support of honors research that efficiently employed departmental resources (including the chemistry thesis assessment protocol, ChemTAP) and students’ scientific reasoning and writing skills reflected in their undergraduate theses. We found that, although we cannot disentangle some gradual changes over time from specific interventions, students exhibited the strongest performance when they participated in a course with structured scaffolding and used assessment tools explicitly designed to enhance the scientific reasoning in writing. Furt...
The role of anterior ectosylvian cortex in cross-modality orientation and approach behavior

Physiological and behavioral studies in cat have shown that corticotectal influences play important roles in the information-processing capabilities of superior colliculus (SC) neurons. While corticotectal inputs from the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (AES) play a comparatively small role in the unimodal responses of SC neurons, they are particularly important in rendering these neurons capable of integrating information from different sensory modalities (e.g., visual and auditory). The present experiments examined the behavioral consequences of depriving SC neurons of AES inputs, and thereby compromising their ability to integrate visual and auditory information. Selective deactivation of a variety of other cortical areas (posterolateral lateral suprasylvian cortex, PLLS; primary auditory cortex, AI; or primary visual cortex, 17/18) served as controls. Cats were trained in a perimetry device to ignore a brief, low-intensity auditory stimulus but to orient toward and approach a nearthreshold visual stimulus (a light-emitting diode, LED) to obtain food. The LED was presented at different eccentricities either alone (unimodal) or combined with the auditory stimulus (multisensory). Subsequent deactivation of the AES, with focal injections of a local anesthetic, had no effect on responses to unimodal cues regardless of their location. However, it profoundly, though reversibly, altered orientation and approach to multisensory stimuli in contralateral space. The characteristic enhancement of these responses observed when an auditory cue was presented in spatial correspondence with the visual stimulus was significantly degraded. Similarly, the inhibitory effect of a spatially disparate auditory cue was significantly ameliorated. The observed effects were specific to AES deactivation, as similar effects were not obtained with deactivation of PLLS, AI or 17/18, or saline injections into the AES. These observations are consistent with postulates that specific cortical-midbrain interactions are essential for the synthesis of multisensory information in the SC, and for the orientation and localization behaviors that depend on this synthesis.
Designing distributed biography: co-constructing a polyphonic application on borrowed time

This paper describes the design of Distributed Biography, an online tool for the co-construction of individual, event, location or experience-based narrative. As the application is currently in the later stages of alpha development, the focus herein centers on our original designs, the process of understanding the collaborative rhythms of the group, and outlining the development trajectory.
The competitive bargaining set for cooperative n-person games

Abstract The continuum of solutions constituting the bargaining set for n -person games in characteristic function form ( n ≥ 4) reflects various degrees of determinateness to form a coalition, different requirements of stability, or different levels of competition among the players. At one end of this continuum is the kernel solution. A new solution, called the competitive bargaining set, constitutes the other extreme. It incorporates the concept of a multiobjection, which is based on the idea that threats may be perceived and considered simultaneously even though their simultaneous implementation is impossible. For the simple homogeneous majority games [ n − 2, 1, 1, …, 1] the competitive bargaining set (1) yields unique outcomes for each coalition structure, (2) coincides with von Neumann and Morgenstern's main simple solution for certain coalition structures, and (3) converges to Shapley value as n → ∞ when the grand coalition forms. Mathematical and experimental implications of the new solution are discussed briefly.
Beginning Teachers' Study Groups: A Place to Continue Critical Conversations About Teaching Writing

This article describes how a study group for beginning teachers, led by instructors from the teacher education program from which they had just graduated, supported the novice teachers' abilities to survive their induction year and the constraints of school practices influenced by high-stakes accountability policies. Findings demonstrate that the study group is an important space to support beginning teacher knowledge, to improve teaching practices, and to sustain continuous professional growth.
Dispositional optimism and physical well-being: the influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health

This article explores the implications that dispositional optimism holds for physical well-being. Research is reviewed that links optimism to a number of different positive health-relevant outcomes, ranging from the development of physical symptoms to recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery. Additional findings are described which suggest that these beneficial effects are partly due to differences between optimists and pessimists in the strategies that they use to cope with stress. A number of other potential mediators are also discussed, including some that are physiologic in nature. The article closes with a discussion of the relationships between our own theoretical account of the effects of optimism and several other conceptual approaches.
IMPULSE APPROXIMATION AND DISTORTED WAVES

An expression for the amplitude of a nucleon-nucleus inelastic scattering at high energies was derived. This expression eliminated troublesome terms that involve the mixing of the two-body interaction and the distorting potential. (C.E.S.)
The infra-red spectra of metal acetylacetonates in the sodium chloride region

Abstract The infra-red spectra of eighteen metal derivatives of acetylacetone have been studied in the sodium chloride region. The spectra of all the compounds, including those of the alkali metals, are markedly similar in this region, indicating that the arrangement of acetylacetone groups around the metal atom is similar for all of the compounds studied. Structural implications of differences in infra-red absorption frequencies among acetylacetonates are discussed.
Symptom structure of PTSD following breast cancer

Identification of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and diagnoses in survivors of cancer is a growing area of research, but no published data exist regarding the symptom structure of PTSD in survivors of malignant disease. Findings from investigations of the PTSD symptom structure in other trauma populations have been inconsistent and have not been concordant with the reexperiencing, avoidance/numbing, and arousal symptom clusters specified in DSM-IV. The present study employed confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the extent to which the implied second-order factor structure of PTSD was replicated in a sample of 142 breast cancer survivors. PTSD symptoms were measured using the PTSD Checklist—Civilian Version (PCL-C). Fit indices reflected a moderate fit of the symptom structure implied by the DSM-IV. These findings provide some tentative support for the DSM-IV clustering of PTSD symptoms and for the validity of cancer-related PTSD.
Large deviations for almost markovian processes

Large deviation theorems for the empirical distribution of almost markovian processes are proven. Relative entropy identifies the rate function and its definition depends only on the process.
Estimating micrometeorological inputs for modeling dispersion in urban areas during stable conditions

Abstract We examine the performance of three methods to estimate the surface friction velocity and the Monin–Obukhov (MO) length in stable conditions. Estimates from these methods are compared with measurements made at two urban sites: the Wilmington site located in the middle of an urban area, and the VTMX site located on a sloping, smooth area in Salt Lake City. The first method uses the mean wind at a single height (Single U or SU), the second uses the wind speed at a single level and the temperature difference between two levels (U delta T or UDT), and the third method uses two levels of wind speed and temperature (delta U delta T or DUDT). The performance of the SU and UDT methods in estimating u* are comparable. The SU method yields better estimates of the MO length than the UDT method does. The DUDT method performs poorly in estimating both u* and L. The major conclusions of this study are that (1) measurements of mean winds and temperatures at one or two levels at an urban location can provide adequate estimates of micrometeorological variables required in modeling dispersion in the stable boundary layer, and (2) methods based on using differences in temperatures and velocities between two levels can provide unreliable estimates of these variables because these differences can be overwhelmed by inevitable uncertainties in the measurement of mean variables.
Non-reinforcing effects of giving ‘dessert’ in rats

We investigated in rats whether giving a sweet substance following a food (a 'dessert') would reinforce a preference for that food. The sweet substance had the reverse effect--rats preference for a flavor decreased if the flavor was given in a food preceding a sweet substance (saccharin or sucrose). If the substances were given in the reverse order, so the sweet substance preceded the food, the rats preferred a sweet substance that had been followed by food to one that had not been followed by food. We suggested two hypotheses to account for the data. Perhaps the sweet substance elicits a negative reaction that is unpleasant unless food is given. Thus, food following a sweet substance is reinforcing, while a sweet substance following food is not. A not incompatible alternative is that anticipatory contrast or comparison effects are involved. Assuming the sweet substance is preferred to the non-sweet, following food by a sweet substance could make the food less valued (anticipatory negative contrast), whereas following a sweet substance by food could make the sweet substance more valued (anticipatory positive contrast).
Collision energy dependence of angular distributions for vibrational excitation of H2 by He

Abstract Angular distributions for the vibrational excitation of H 2 by He have been obtained assuming that H 2 is a rotationless anharmonic oscillator. A set of two coupled-channel scattering equations has been solved for all orbital angular momenta, for the n = 0 to n = 1 transition. Increasing the collision energies from twice to six times the first vibrational excitation energy changes intensities in the center of mass frame from backward peaked into forward peaked.
Cyclic AMP-specific PDEs: A promising therapeutic target for CNS repair

Research to date has indicated that cAMPspecific PDEs, particularly the members of PDE4 family, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CNS injury and neurodegeneration by downregulating intracellular levels of cAMP in various cell types. Reduced cAMP signaling results in immune cell activation, inflammation, secondary tissue damage, scar formation and axon growth failure, ultimately leading to an exacerbation of injury, the prevention of endogenous repair and limited functional recovery. Although inhibition of cAMPspecific-PDE activity through the use of drugs like Rolipram has been shown to reverse these deficiencies and mediate neurorepair, an inability to develop selective agents and/or reduce dose-limiting side-effects associated with PDE4 inhibition has hampered their clinical translation. Recent work with more selective pharmacological inhibitors of cAMP-specific PDEs and molecular targeting approaches, along with improved understanding of the basic biology and role of PDEs in pathological processes may enable this promising therapeutic approach to advance clinically and have a similar impact on CNS injury and disease as PDE5 inhibitors have had on the treatment of sexual dysfunction.
Balloon aortic valvuloplasty

In an increasing number of pediatric cardiology centers, percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) has replaced surgical valvotomy as the intervention of choice in the initial treatment of congenital valvar aortic stenosis (VAS). The clinical experience with BAV has been documented in reports of >.sOO newborns, infants, and children treated with this technique since its introduction approximately nine years ago. Although the long-term results will not be available for some years, immediate and short-term results from multiple centers are encouraging. This review describes the technique for BAV in pediatric patients, documents and discusses complications and their management, and presents the results of BAV compared with outcomes of surgical valvotomy.
Mechanistic aspects of horseradish peroxidase elucidated through single-molecule studies

Many individual horseradish peroxidase (HRP) molecules were isolated and observed simultaneously by fluorescence microscopy in an array of 50 000 femtoliter chambers chemically etched into the surface of a glass optical fiber bundle. The substrate turnovers of hundreds of individual HRP molecules were readily analyzed, and the large number of molecules observed provided excellent statistics. In contrast to other enzymes used for single-molecule studies, the rates of product formation in the femtoliter array were, on average, 10 times lower than in bulk solution. We attribute this phenomenon to the particular redox-reaction mechanism of HRP that involves two separate steps of product formation. HRP first oxidizes fluorogenic substrate molecules like Amplex Red to radical intermediates. Two radical molecules subsequently undergo an enzyme-independent dismutation reaction, the rate of which is decreased when confined to a femtoliter chamber resulting in less product. This two-step reaction mechanism of the widely used Amplex Red, as well as other fluorogenic substrates, is often overlooked. The mechanism not only affects single-molecule studies with HRP but also bulk reactions at low substrate turnover rates.
Surface segregation in polymer blends due to stiffness disparity

The entropy‐driven surface segregation of polymer blends is investigated via computer simulations and integral equation theory. The model system is composed of a binary blend at a hard wall where one of the components of the blend is stiffer than the other. It is found that, at meltlike densities relevant to experiments, both simulations and microscopic theory predict the segments of the stiffer chains segregate to the surface.
Metabolism and enzymology of fluorosuccinic acids. I. Interactions with the succinate oxidase system.

Abstract 1. 1. Both monofluorosuccinate and 2,2-difluorosuccinate are metabolized by Keilin-Hartree particles containing succinate oxidase and fumarate hydratase to give oxaloacetate as a final product. 2. 2. dl -Monofluorosuccinate is a substrate oxidized by the succinate oxidase system, with a vmax from 35 to 40% that of succinate and a Km of about 1.0 mM, slightly larger than that for succifinate. The product is monofluorofumarate. 3. 3. 2,2-Difluorosuccinate inhibits the oxidation of succinate by succinate oxidase in a competitive manner with a Ki of approx. 0.5 mM. It also slowly eliminates HF in the presence of the submitochondrial particles to give monofluorofumarate. 4. 4. Monofluorofumarate reacts in the presence of fumarate hydratase to give an unstable 2-fluoromalate which eliminates HF to give oxaloacetate. The production of HF was monitored by complex formation with yeast peroxidase; the production of oxaloacetate by inhibition of succinate oxidase activity and by its spectrum in the ultraviolet region. 5. 5. Oxaloacetate inhibition could be treated as if oxaloacetate were a competitive inhibitor of the particulate succinate oxidase with an apparent association rate constant of 6·103 M−1 · sec−1, a dissociation constant of 2· 10−3 sec−1 and an effective equilibrium constant of 0.3 μM at pH 7.4 and 25°. No evidence for any more complex binding process was obtained, although the occurrence of other steps during the reaction cannot be eliminated. 6. 6. The metabolic pathway followed by the fluorosuccinates explains their relative lack of toxicity compared with fluoroacetate, and the corresponding marked differences in toxicity between compounds (such as ω-fluoro odd-carbon fatty acids) which give fluorinated 3-carbon fragments and those (such as ω-fluoro even-carbon fatty acids) which give fluorinated 2-carbon fragments. 7. 7. The significance of the inhibitor and substrate relationships for various succinate analogs reacting with succinate dehydrogenase is discussed.
Studies in gastrointestinal allergy

Abstract Seventy-five patients of proved peptic ulcer were studied for evidences of allergic manifestations, and a second group of 72 allergic individuals were studied to determine the presence of ulcer. From these studies, we have no valid reason to assume that allergy plays an important part as an etiologic factor in peptic ulcer cases. A small group among the allergic patients was found with ulcer-like symptoms, but without demonstrable roentgen signs of ulcer. There were spastic phenomena in the stomach or duodenum or both in each of these cases. This group showed a striking, though not constant, association with urticaria and angioneurotic edema.
A revision of the genus Antepione Packard with description of the new genus Pionenta Ferris (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae)

Based on genitalic studies, the new genus Pionenta is established for two taxa formerly placed under Antepione. The taxa hewesata and ochreata (and previously associated synonyms) are now synonomized as Pionenta ochreata. Three species of Antepione are now recognized: Antepione thisoaria, Antepione imitata, Antepione tiselaaria with the taxa comstocki, constans, and indiscretata synonomized under Antepione imitata. No new species are described. Adults and genitalia are illustrated, including type specimens.
Freeware as a competitive deterrent

Abstract Using perfect foresight and adaptive models, this paper examines the effect of competitor asymmetry, consumer sensitivity to incentives and adaptive processes on freeware strategies and competitive outcomes. Four roles played by freeware in competitive markets are identified – it can be a mechanism to build or speed up the growth of a network without the need to lower prices on the commercial version, a deterrence mechanism, a hindrance to a rival’s network building efforts, and a coordination device in the presence of forward looking consumers. We determine the optimal prices of the commercial version, the decisions to introduce freeware and the freeware qualities for both competing firms.
Time to stratify? The retinoblastoma protein in castrate-resistant prostate cancer

It is generally held that the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor functions in multiple tissues to protect against tumor development. However, preclinical studies and analysis of tumor samples of early disease did not support an important role of RB loss in the origin of prostate cancer. By contrast, recent observations in the clinical setting and subsequent modeling of RB function indicate that the tumor suppressor has specialized roles in controlling androgen receptor expression in prostate cancer, and primarily functions to prevent progression to the castration-resistant stage of disease. Furthermore, preclinical models have now shown that loss of RB expression or functional activity decreases the effectiveness of hormone therapy, yet seems to increase sensitivity to a subset of chemotherapeutic agents. Here, the current state of knowledge regarding the implications of RB loss for prostate cancer progression will be reviewed, and potential opportunities for developing RB as a metric to predict therapeutic response will be considered.
Multigrid solution of non‐linear balance equations in meteorology

Multigrid algorithms are presented for several elliptic problems arising in models of balanced atmospheric dynamics. The equations are generalizations of the Monge—Ampere equation and are non-linear in the highest-order terms. The problem formulation is reviewed, along with a method of dealing with a lower boundary which is not a co-ordinate surface, and details of the discretization and relaxation are given. Numerical results from two- and three-dimensional problems show the accuracy and efficiency of the method.
Structure and chromosomal localization of the human glycogenin-2 gene GYG2

Abstract Glycogenin-2 is one of two self-glucosylating proteins involved in the initiation phase of the synthesis of the storage polysaccharide glycogen. Cloning of the human glycogenin-2 gene, GYG2, has revealed the presence of 11 exons and a gene of more than 46 kb in size. The structure of the gene explains much of the observed diversity in glycogenin-2 cDNA sequences as being due to alternate exon usage. In some cases, there is variation in the splice junctions used. Over regions of protein sequence similarity, the GYG2 gene structure is similar to that of the other glycogenin gene, GYG. A genomic GYG2 clone was used to localize the gene to Xp22.3 by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. Localization close to the telomere of the short arm of the X chromosome is consistent with mapping information obtained from glycogenin-2 STS sequences. Glycogenin-2 maps between the microsatellite anchor markers AFM319te9 (DXS7100) and AFM205tf2 (DXS1060), and its 3′ end is 34.5 kb from the 3′ end of the arylsulphatase gene ARSD. GYG2 is outside the pseudoautosomal region PAR1 but still in a region of X–Y shared genes. As is true for several other genes in this location, an inactive remnant of GYG2, consisting of exons 1–3, may be present on the Y chromosome.
State of the Science: Stress, Inflammation, and Cancer

Diagnosis with a life-threatening illness such as cancer is almost universally experienced as stressful. The construct of stress has received substantial consideration as a correlate or predictor of psychological and health outcomes (Andersen et al., 2004) and has often been conceptualized within a stress and coping framework (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). Biobehavioral factors have long been thought to affect many health processes. The relationship between inflammation of stress and cancer originated centuries ago and is now recognized as a facilitating characteristic of cancer (Mantovani, Allavena, Sica, & Balkwill, 2008). In addition, stress and the stress response are probable mediators of the effects of psychological factors on cancer, and specifically on progression of cancer (Powell, Tarr, & Sheridan, 2013). A substantial amount of new research activity has enlightened scientists and clinicians on the neuroendocrine regulatory function of physiologic pathways in cancer growth and progression (Lutgendorf & Sood, 2011). However, in spite of considerable research over the past several decades, inconsistent data remain a challenge in establishing evidence-based pathways between behavioral risk factors and cancer initiation.
The determination of front‐end financial targets in IJVs: a decision‐making model for MNEs

Attempts to establish a decision‐making model by which multinational enterprises (MNEs) front‐end financial target can be evaluated and determined. Explains and defines the financial range. Identifies their strategic concerns in order to do this. Continues by exploring the pattern of front‐end financial target variation and the process of its determination, constructing an international joint venture investment supply‐demand model. Elaborates upon how contingency factors in international operations exert direct impact on this matter and gives some considerations for future research.
Detecting disease-associated genes with confounding variable adjustment and the impact on genomic meta-analysis: With application to major depressive disorder

Detecting candidate markers in transcriptomic studies often encounters difficulties in complex diseases, particularly when overall signals are weak and sample size is small. Covariates including demographic, clinical and technical variables are often confounded with the underlying disease effects, which further hampers accurate biomarker detection. Our motivating example came from an analysis of five microarray studies in major depressive disorder (MDD), a heterogeneous psychiatric illness with mostly uncharacterized genetic mechanisms. We applied a random intercept model to account for confounding variables and case-control paired design. A variable selection scheme was developed to determine the effective confounders in each gene. Meta-analysis methods were used to integrate information from five studies and post hoc analyses enhanced biological interpretations. Simulations and application results showed that the adjustment for confounding variables and meta-analysis improved detection of biomarkers and associated pathways. The proposed framework simultaneously considers correction for confounding variables, selection of effective confounders, random effects from paired design and integration by meta-analysis. The approach improved disease-related biomarker and pathway detection, which greatly enhanced understanding of MDD neurobiology. The statistical framework can be applied to similar experimental design encountered in other complex and heterogeneous diseases.
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty versus high tibial osteotomy: United States practice patterns for the surgical treatment of unicompartmental arthritis

Both unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and high tibial osteotomy (HTO) produce satisfactory outcomes in the management of unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study is to compare UKA and HTO practice patterns in a large US private payer insurance database. Utilization data for UKA and HTO were captured from the database between 2007 and 2011. Chi square analysis, parametric testing and Poisson regressions were performed where appropriate. Between 2007 and 2011, the compound annual growth rate in utilization of UKA was +4.7%, while that for HTO was -3.9%. Utilization of UKA and HTO were inversely correlated (P = 0.001). UKA utilization is increasing, while HTO utilization is decreasing in the management of OA. More work is required to understand specific indications and outcomes.
Auto-Ionizing States in Helium

The validity of the method of diagonalizing a truncated, finite-dimensional submatrix of the Hamiltonian for the calculation of some properties of some autoionizing states is demonstrated, using projection operators. The truncation procedure is shown to be an example of the Feshbach formalism. It differs from other approaches employing the Feshbach formalism mainly in point of view and in the particular choice of the projection operators. Detailed calculations using the diagonalization method are carried out for the lowest autoionizing states of helium with symmetry $^{1}S^{e}$, $^{1}P^{o}$, or $^{3}P^{o}$. The basis used for the singlet $S$ states is of dimension 42, including all properly antisymmetrized hydrogenic functions with $Z=2$ for all angular configurations up to $g\ensuremath{-}g$. For the $P$ states all angular configurations up to $f\ensuremath{-}g$ are included, resulting in a 55-dimensional basis set. The eigenvalues are compared in detail with several different calculations of resonances in $e$-${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ elastic scattering, and with the observation of these states by optical absorption in He and by inelastic scattering of electrons, protons and ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$ on He. The eigenvectors are considered to represent the doubly excited states after the excitation has occurred and before they decay, so that they can be used to calculate absorption cross sections and lifetimes. The detailed characteristics of the eigenvectors corroborate the classification scheme of Cooper, Fano, and Prats as far as they have gone. Good agreement is also found between the calculated level structure and the experimental results.
Synthesis of Flexible Magnetic Nanowires of Permanently Linked Core−Shell Magnetic Beads Tethered to a Glass Surface Patterned by Microcontact Printing

We have developed an efficient, one-step method to create magnetic nanowires consisting of permanently linked chains of magnetic beads of varying flexibility tethered to a patterned glass surface using simple amidation chemistry. The flexibility of the nanowire was governed by the molecular weight of the molecule used to covalently link the beads and its length by the height of the microchannel in which it was synthesized. The nanowire diameter was determined both by the bead size and by the number of beads adhering to each dot in the microstamped, patterned array. Longer nanowires can form loops attached at two points on the glass surface. Both single flexible chains and flexible loops can adopt different configurations (straight, hairpin, S-shaped, etc.) when subjected to magnetic fields, the configurations depending on the directions of these fields. Shorter, less flexible nanowires align with the field always and do not exhibit the more exotic configurations seen for long, flexible chains and loops. These magnetic nanowires can have potential use in microfluidic pumping and mixing processes and in microparticle manipulation.
Margins of safety with transantral orbital decompression.

This study involves evaluation of the surgical limits of transantral orbital apex decompression (as described by Ogura) by performing the operation on 17 cadaveric half-heads. Measurements were then made of the proximity of bone removal to several vital structures including the optic nerve, carotid artery siphon, cavernous sinus, and frontal lobe dura. Entrance into the sphenoid sinus was found to be routine. Adequate decompression requires maximum removal of bone at the orbital apex and incision of the periorbita without damage to the adjacent vital structures. This requires: 1. knowledge of ethmoid and sphenoid sinus anatomy and recognition of anatomic variations, 2. removal of bone under direct visualization, and 3. incisions of the periorbita be made most posteriorly first to prevent prolapse of orbital fat anteriorly which obscures vision of the critical orbital apex periorbita.
Spectrum of Low-Lying Excitations in a Supersymmetric Extended Hubbard Model

We continue the study of the u(2|2)-supersymmetric extension of the Hubbard model in one dimension. We determine the excitation spectrum at zero temperature even in the sectors where the ground states are u(2|2)-descendants of Bethe states. The excitations include spinons, holons, electrons, localons (local electron pairs, moving coherently through the lattice) and their bound states. The spectra are found to be very different for repulsive and attractive on-site interaction. We also study the thermodynamics of the model.
A mathematical model for a partially inflated balloon with periodic lobes

Abstract A feature characterizing partially inflated scientific balloons is a lobe structure surrounding the gas bubble. In addition, when the gas bubble is of insufficient volume, the balloon envelope will collapse and form folds of excess material. We present a mathematical model for a balloon shape with such features. We formulate a variational principal for the balloon system, and seek to determine a shape that minimizes energy subject to a volume constraint. The energy includes film and load tape strain, film and load tape weight, and hydrostatic pressure. Numerical solutions are presented.
The preparation and properties of pertechnetyl fluoride, TcO3F

Abstract Pertechnetyl fluoride, TcO3F, has been prepared for the first time in gram quantities by the reaction of fluorine with TcO2 at 150°C. Its properties are intermediate between those of MnO3F and ReO3F. It is a yellow solid which melts at 18·3°C to a yellow liquid. The vapour-pressure is represented by the following equations: Solid (−8·78-18·28°C): log10p = 12·448 − (3239·4/T); Liquid (18·28–51·82°C): log10p = 8·417 − (2064·6/T). The boiling point extrapolated from vapour-pressure measurements is about 100°C. TcO3F is stable at room temperature and can be stored in nickle of monel containers. It is hydrolysed by water to pertechnetic and hydrofluoric acids.
Analysis Of The Economic Effects Of Low Income Housing Tax Credits

The development of low income housing projects can provide both social and economic benefits to a state. As an economic engine, low income housing projects provide construction jobs and positively impacts long term employment. This paper examines the specific impact investments in low income housing projects and associated tax credits.
The Multifaceted Biological Roles of Vitamin C

Scurvy due to severe vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency among sailors was one of the earliest documented occupational diseases. This review first discussed some reduction potential-based biochemical activities of vitamin C such as assisting the post-translational collagen modification as well as acting as an antioxidant and pro-oxidant. These known activities of vitamin C were then used to address recent outcomes of vitamin C clinical trials on the prevention and treatment of non-scurvy diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The pro-oxidant activity may contribute to the adverse effect of high-level vitamin C supplementation in clinical trials.
Becoming Warm Demanders: Perspectives and Practices of First Year Teachers.

In the literature on culturally responsive pedagogy warm demanders are teachers who embrace values and enact practices that are central to their students’ success. Few scholars have examined the ex...
Mycobacterium haemophilum cellulitis in a heart transplant recipient

Mycobacterium haemophilum is an unusual pathogen that can infect the skin and underlying bone and joints of immunocompromised patients. I Infections have been reported in patients with kidney transplants."? lymphoma,1,3 bone marrow transplants, and, more recently, AIDS. IO-15 Cervical lymphadenitis developed in one child without immunodeficiency.l'' Most patients have multiple cutaneous nodules, abscesses, and ulcers. From 1990 to 1992, 13 cases of M. haemophilum infection were reported in New York City; only eight cases were reported in the rest of the United States.P The reservoir and mode of transmission of this infection are unknown. We describeM haemophilum cellulitis in a heart transplant recipient in an apparent clustering of cases in the New York City area.
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal thyroid and gonadal function before and after erythropoietin therapy in dialysis patients.

We examined the effects of administration of two hypothalamic neurohormones, TRH and GnRH, for 3 days in five anemic male dialysis patients and five age-matched normal male volunteers. Patients on chronic hemodialysis have abnormal hypothalamo-hypophyseal thyroid and gonadal functions, including blunted TSH response to TRH, hyperprolactinemia, elevated basal levels of LH with exaggerated response to GnRH, and depressed FSH secretory response to GnRH. After correction of anemia with exogenous erythropoietin, these dialysis patients were given a single injection of the same hypothalamic hormones. The repeat studies after the correction of anemia showed normalization of 1) the TSH response to TRH, 2) basal GH and PRL levels, and 3) the FSH response to GnRH. Although these patients appear to have biochemical evidence of testicular failure, the gonadotropin response (FSH) to GnRH was not exaggerated. In addition, there was no increase in total T4 and free T4 after TRH administration. Although a free T3 respons...
The Importance of Being Flexible: The Ability to Both Enhance and Suppress Emotional Expression Predicts Long-Term Adjustment

Researchers have documented the consequences of both expressing and suppressing emotion using between-subjects designs. It may be argued, however, that successful adaptation depends not so much on any one regulatory process, but on the ability to flexibly enhance or suppress emotional expression in accord with situational demands. We tested this hypothesis among New York City college students in the aftermath of the September 11th terrorist attacks. Subjects' performance in a laboratory task in which they enhanced emotional expression, suppressed emotional expression, and behaved normally on different trials was examined as a prospective predictor of their adjustment across the first two years of college. Results supported the flexibility hypothesis. A regression analysis controlling for initial distress and motivation and cognitive resources found that subjects who were better able to enhance and suppress the expression of emotion evidenced less distress by the end of the second year. Memory deficits wer...
Intermonomer Electron Transfer between the Low-Potential b Hemes of Cytochrome bc1

Cytochrome (cyt) bc1 is a structural dimer with its monomers consisting of the Fe-S protein, cyt b, and cyt c1 subunits. Its three-dimensional architecture depicts it as a symmetrical homodimer, but the mobility of the head domain of the Fe-S protein indicates that the functional enzyme exists in asymmetrical heterodimeric conformations. Here, we report a new genetic system for studying intra- and intermonomer interactions within the cyt bc1 using the facultative phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. The system involves two different sets of independently expressed cyt bc1 structural genes carried by two plasmids that are coharbored by a cell without its endogenous enzyme. Our results indicate that coexpressed cyt bc1 subunits were matured, assorted, and assembled in vivo into homo- and heterodimeric enzymes that can bear different mutations in each monomer. Using the system, the occurrence of intermonomer electron transfer between the low-potential b hemes of cyt bc1 was probed by choosing mutat...