cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulators of Muscle Gene Expression

Specific interactions between transcription factors (TF) and RNA polymerase II are the basis of the regulation of gene transcription and play a central role in many developmental processes. The timing of these interactions and the cells or tissues in the embryo in which they take place are controlled by a well-ordered cascade of TF gene expression. For example, the early stages of embryogenesis are characterized by the formation of the three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm) and the laying down of a primary body plan with the establishment of the anterior (head)-posterior (tail) and dorsal-ventral axes. Mutations within genes encoding TFs (such as homeobox or zinc finger genes) which disrupt their expression or the function of the proteins they encode can have profound consequences on development and normal morphogenetic processes. These events have been analyzed in detail in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster1 and it is clear that many of the developmental mechanisms underlying fly development have their counterparts at the molecular level in vertebrate mammalian development. For example, the genetic organization of the HOM/hox gene clusters in fly and vertebrates suggest that they have evolved from a common ancestral group of genes.2,3 Skeletal muscle development is studied as a well-defined model of tissue specialization and terminal differentiation.
Sparsity-Constrained Optimization

Theoretical and application aspects of sparse estimation in linear models have been studied extensively in areas such as signal processing, machine learning, and statistics. The sparse linear regression and CS algorithms attempt to provide a sparse vector whose consistency with the acquired data is usually measured by the squared error. While this measure of discrepancy is often desirable for signal processing applications, it is not the appropriate choice for a variety of other applications.
Is Astigmatism Related to Emmetropization and the Development of Myopia in Children

Infants have been found to have a high prevalence of astigmatism, which is greatly reduced or eliminated during the first 2 years of life. However, little is known about the functional significance, if any, of the early astigmatism. In this study we investigated the possible role of early astigmatism in emmetropization and the later development of refractive errors. Subjects included 245 children with an initial refraction in the first yew and from 6 to 23 years of regular follow-up in our laboratory. Almost half of the 0 to 6 month-old infants showed significant astigmatism (1D or more), but the prevalence declined sharply thereafter. Against-the-rule astigmatism was associated with more myopia or less hyperopia in the first year and again at school age after an intervening period of emmetropization. Reduction of cylinder power between the ages of 6 months and 6 years was only slightly correlated with the rate of change in spherical equivalent over the same age range, while the rate of change in the two measures between 6 and 12 years was more highly correlated. Between 6 and 12 years spherical equivalent became more negative for most children, while cylinder power increased slightly. These results suggest independence of processes underlying corneal change and axial growth during the emmetropization period from infancy to 6 years, but they suggest that the changes occurring during the period between 6 and 12 years may be interdependent.
Ray Class Structure and Fields, Hilbert Class Fields

The concepts of strict ideal classes, ring ideal theory, and genus theory for quadratic forms generalize for an arbitrary field k (⊇ℚ) into what we call “ray” ideal classes. This is an intrinsic property of k. It corresponds to an extrinsic property of k, its extension fields K/k. What concerns us here is even more special, it is the manner in which a prime ideal p in k will factor in K, say as $$ p = p_1^{{e_1}} \cdots \mathop p\limits_g^e g. $$ We ask two questions: (i) Which primes p lead to an exponent ei> 1, i.e., which p ramify over (one or more) Pi? Such primes, if they occur, are (later) seen to be finite in number for any K/k. (ii) Which primes p (completely) split, or which factor so that each el = 1 and g = [K: k]? There are seen to be infinitely many such p (although we must wait for Chapter 19 to see this).
Forces and Torques on Rods in an Ultrasonic Standing Wave

In this paper we observe and simulate the effect of ultrasonic standing waves on elongated obj ects, including interactions between multiple objects. Alignment of 25–40 micrometer long and 10 micrometer diameter glass rods has been observed in water when standing waves were excited by a PZT actuator at 2.1 MHz. COMSOL has been used to simulate the acoustic fields for one or more rods in water. The stress tensor was determined from the acoustic field, and then the force and torque on the rods was calculated using well-established expressions. The results give insight into the formation of aggregations of objects.
Estimation of the Belonging Metric in a Hypothetical System-of-Systems

This paper presents application of an analytical technique that permits assessment of the strength and character of the belonging attribute in systems-of-systems (SoS). We further explore the quantification of this metric using a target system consisting of a migrating waterfowl flock. We used an agent-based model to simulate the formation and evolution of the SoS over time, and we assessed the aerodynamic benefit transferred among flock members in order to compute the belonging value. Results from model runs show that an evaluation of the overall SoS goal emerges organically from the transfer of drag reduction benefits among flock members; that benefits accrue to each individual member system as well as to the collective; and that the degree to which belonging benefits the whole varies depending on initial choices made regarding the architecture of the SoS. As an exploration of the underlying system characteristics, we propose that these results can inform the design of engineered systems.
Composition dependence of magnetic properties in the mixed magnet Co1−xNixCl2·H2O

Abstract Effects of disorder, frustration and low dimensional character occur in mixed magnetic Co1−xNixCl2·H2O, examined by dc magnetization and susceptibility measurements across the composition range. The pure components are quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnets ordering at 15.0 K (Co) and 5.65 K (Ni), with susceptibility maxima at 16.2 and 8.4 K respectively; a spin glass transition also appears in the cobalt system near 8 K. In each compound weaker antiferromagnetic interchain exchange interactions supplement dominant ferromagnetic exchange along MCl2MCl2M… chemical and structural chains. High temperature magnetic susceptibilities are analyzed to yield Curie and Weiss constants in χM = C/(T − θ). Regular but not mean-field composition dependences appear for C and θ. The former is not linear and the latter displays a minimum near x = 0.30. Notable is a susceptibility maxima varying in location only weakly from x = 0.10 to x = 0.70, decreasing markedly only for higher x. Magnetization isotherms evolve regularly as x varies, with systematic composition dependences of a metamagnetic transition field and hysteresis through x = 0.70. A qualitative change in the isotherms occurs for x = 0.90, but substantial curvature still appears with smaller but definite hysteresis. A thermoremanent magnetization is seen in all mixtures, and is largest for the composition extremes. Thus, nonequilibrium magnetic behavior characteristic of the cobalt component, in contrast to the more conventional nickel component, occurs even when the latter is present in strong majority.
Predominance Area Diagrams Bounding the Cu-As-S-O System’s 3D Predominance Diagram at 900 K (627 °C)

The two-dimensional predominance area (Kellogg) diagram (PAD) surfaces bounding the three-dimensional Cu-As-S-O system were constructed at 900 K. The computations employed gases As4O6(g), O2(g), and SO2(g) as the independent coordinate species to generate diagrams of As4O6(g) − O2(g),O2(g) − SO2(g), and As4O6(g) − SO2(g), while the third gas (As4O6, O2, or SO2) was fixed. The results indicate that there is no shared boundary between enargite (Cu3AsS4) and copper sulfate (CuSO4); however, at $$ {\mathrm{P}}_{{\mathrm{O}}_2} {10}^{-4} $$ atm, CuSO4 is the stable phase at 900 K. The chemical driving force for oxidation of intermediate phases between enargite and copper sulfate is substantial except for basic sulfate (CuO · CuSO4).
Abstract 2845: The role of PSAT1 in triple negative breast cancer metastasis

Breast cancer is the number one diagnosed cancer type among women in the United States (NCI). This disease can be stratified into different molecular subtypes, including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), each of which can have different therapeutic options, patient prognosis, and survival outcomes. TNBC disease readily metastasizes and different processes have been implicated in the development of metastatic disease. The serine synthesis pathway (SSP) is responsible for de novo production of serine and consists of three enzymes, including phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) and phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1). PSAT1 catalyzes the second step in this pathway, is elevated in more aggressive tumor types such as basal breast cancer (Pollari, 2011) and has clinically been associated with poorer distant metastatic free survival and overall survival (unpublished from KMPlotter) in breast cancer patients. These prior studies combined with our own preliminary data underscores the hypothesis that PSAT1 promotes the metastatic potential of triple negative breast cancer. This hypothesis was first evaluated through immunohistochemistry examination of patient samples which demonstrated that expression of PSAT1 increases with TNBC tumor grade. In vitro assays of proliferation showed no difference upon loss of PSAT1, however, metastasis (migration and invasion) was significantly inhibited upon PSAT1 suppression. In a tail-vein experimental metastasis model, suppression of PSAT1 significantly inhibited the formation of tumor nodules. Mechanistically, the relevance for de novo serine synthesis pathway was examined in vitro via suppression of PHGDH. Decreased PHGDH did not affect proliferation or the metastatic capability of either cell line. Further, addition of exogenous serine could not rescue metastatic deficiencies upon loss of PSAT1. Our results suggest that PSAT1 does contribute to metastasis in TNBC and that this affect appears to be independent of its metabolic role in serine synthesis. While studies are ongoing, this points to the potential of a non-canonical function of PSAT1 being a therapeutic target for patients with TNBC that are currently lacking treatments options. Citation Format: Stephanie Metcalf, Traci Kruer, Susan Dougherty, Rumeysa Biyik-Sit, Carolyn Klinge, Brian Clem. The role of PSAT1 in triple negative breast cancer metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2845.
Development at the Turn of this Century

Today's rapid and profound international evolution requires an update of the development agenda. As East-West relation alter radically and forge history, new trends in global capital markets; tele-commimications and new technologies erode inexorably the old structures and alter permanently the economic landscape. As the century turns, traditional issues of transfer of resources, debt rescheduling and the access to industrial markets must be re-examined. New items emerge on the development agenda.
Rhetoric and Settler Inertia: Strategies of Canadian Decolonization

In her pathfinding volume on Indigenous resistance in Canada/Kanata titled When the Other Is Me, Emma LaRocque (Plains Cree Metis) makes the argument that decolonial intervention is transactional. ...
Vascular plants of Mammoth Spring, Arkansas1

Aquatic vegetation was surveyed at Mammoth Spring, AR, representing the first extensive survey of this resource since 1859. Thirty-eight angiosperm species were identified during this study, including 17 species of monocots and 21 species of eudicots. Seven species were nonnative, but they are not considered invasive. Eleven of the species reported from the spring in 1859 are still present, but some previously reported taxa were not found and other taxa are reported for the first time. Species no longer found at the spring may be due to misidentifications in the earlier study or extirpations due to climate change, anthropogenic disturbances, or unknown factors. The diversity of aquatic plants in Mammoth Spring is similar to that reported from other regional large springs and a few species are shared in common among these springs.
Complex Destabilization in the Mitochondrial Chaperonin Hsp60 Leads to Disease

Several neurological disorders have been linked to mutations in chaperonin genes and more specifically to the HSPD1 gene. In humans, HSPD1 encodes for the mitochondrial Heat Shock Protein 60 (mtHsp60) chaperonin, which carries out essential protein refolding reactions that help maintain mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. It functions as a macromolecular complex that provides client proteins an environment that favors proper folding in an ATP dependent manner. It has been established that mtHsp60 plays a crucial role in the proper folding of mitochondrial proteins involved in ATP producing pathways. Recently, various single-point mutations in the mtHsp60 encoding gene have been directly linked to neuropathies and paraplegias. Individuals who harbor mtHsp60 mutations that negatively impact its refolding ability display phenotypes with highly compromised muscle and neuron cells. Carriers of these mutations usually develop neuropathies and paraplegias at different stages of their lives mainly characterized by leg stiffness and weakness as well as degeneration of spinal cord nerves. These phenotypes are likely due to hindered energy producing pathways involved in cellular respiration resulting in ATP deprived cells. Although the complete protein folding mechanism of mtHsp60 is not well understood, recent work suggests that several of these mutations act by destabilizing the oligomeric stability of mtHsp60. Here, we discuss recent studies that highlight key aspects of the mtHsp60 mechanism with a focus on some of the known disease-causing point mutations, D29G and V98I, and their effect on the protein folding reaction cycle.
Lipid changes in the metabolome of a single case study with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) after five days of improved diet adherence of controlled branched-chain amino acids (BCAA).

Abstract Background Distinguishing systemic metabolic disruptions in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) beyond amino acid pathways is under-investigated, yet important to understanding disease pathology and treatment options. Methods An adolescent female (15 years) with MSUD without liver transplant, attended 2 study visits, 5 days apart. Medical diet adherence was determined based on her 3-day diet records and plasma branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations at both study visits. Plasma from a single age- and sex-matched control (MURDOCK Study, Duke University) and the case patient were analyzed with UPLC/MS/MS for intensity (m/z), annotated, and normalized against a median of 1 (Metabolon, Morrisville NC). Differences between case/control and 5-day comparisons were defined as ≥ ǀ 0.5 ǀ. Results 434 lipid metabolites were identified across samples; 90 (20.7%) were higher and 120 (27.6%) lower in the MSUD case at baseline compared with control. By study visit 2, plasma BCAA had declined, while 48 (53%) of elevated lipids and 14 (11.7%) of lower lipid values had moved to within ǀ 0.5 ǀ of control. Most shifts towards control by day 5 were seen in long-chain fatty acid intermediates (42%) and acylcarnitines (32%). Although androgenic (28%) and bile acid (23%) metabolites increased towards control, neither reached control level by day 5. Discussion This comparative metabolomics study in a single MSUD case and healthy control suggests intrinsic differences in MSUD lipid metabolism potentially influenced by therapeutic diet. Findings suggest influences on hormone regulation, fatty acid oxidation, and bile acid synthesis, but further studies are needed to confirm an association between MSUD and lipid dysregulation. Synopsis Within 5 days of improved dietary adherence, a single MSUD case experienced substantial changes in lipid markers potentially related to changes in plasma branched-chain amino acids.
ERRγ, a new player in the type I IFN arena.

Discussion on how the nuclear orphan receptor ERRI³ induces type I IFNs and impacts the estrogenic response in host defense and disease progression.
What makes phishing emails hard for humans to detect

This research investigates the email features that make a phishing email difficult to detect by humans. We use an existing data set of phishing and ham emails and expand that data set by collecting...
Ischemic Stroke After CAR-T Cell Therapy (P3.6-009)

Objective: N/A Background: Two Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells (CAR-T) are FDA-approved for the treatment of refractory Leukemias and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas. Neurological complications are relatively common in these patients and may include encephalopathy, seizures, aphasia, abulia, apraxia, tremors and diffuse cerebral edema. To our knowledge, this is the first description of ischemic stroke after CAR-T Cell therapy. Design/Methods: N/A Results: 53-year-old Hispanic man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and secondary CNS lymphoma with left parietal leptomeningeal spread refractory to several lines of chemotherapy and stem cell transplant underwent Yescarta CAR-T cell therapy. His neurological exam on the day of CAR-T infusion was completely non-focal. On day 5 of CAR-T cell infusion, he developed critical neurotoxicity (Grade 4) with a drop in MD Anderson CARTOX score from 10/10 (normal) to 0/10 (worst). He was week on the left side, with no movement of his left lower extremity. Per protocol, he was started on osmotherapy (mannitol 0.5 gm/kg Q6H), levetiracetam 2 g BID, dexamethasone 20 mg Q6H and tocilizumab for diffuse cerebral edema. MRI brain demonstrated multiple acute infarctions in right ACA and left PCA territories. Intravenous thrombolysis was deferred given unknown time of onset with an overlying severe encephalopathy. CT angiogram of head and neck revealed distal occlusion of right ACA and proximal narrowing of the right A2 segment. Patient was started on aspirin and statin for secondary stroke prevention, with no other modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke. On day 10 of CAR-T infusion, his CARTOX score was 10/10 with an NIHSS of 1 (incomplete R homonymous hemianopsia). Conclusions: We conclude that acute ischemic stroke should be suspected in CAR-T cell recipients with focal neurologic deficits. Further research is needed to understand the exact mechanism behind such event. Focal vasospasm, hypercoagulability, hypo-perfusion from systemic cytokine release syndrome, direct CAR-T cell neurotoxicity are possible explanations. Disclosure: Dr. Shah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jazebi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose.
The Role of Oxidation Resistance in High Temperature Alloy Selection for a Future with Green Hydrogen

Hydrogen is being considered integral to the future energy landscape but there is limited mechanistic understanding and a lack of predictive models to describe the combined effects of alloy and gas composition, temperature, thermal cycling and water vapor contents on the oxidation behavior of high-temperature materials. Experimental evaluations were combined with coupled thermodynamic-kinetic modeling to investigate the oxidation behavior of five representative Ni-based superalloys in two water vapor contents (10%, 60% H2O) under thermal cycling (1-h, 100-h cyles) conditions at 800°C and 1000°C. The alloy with the highest Ti content demonstrated the poorest cyclic oxidation behavior while the alloy with highest Cr and Al contents was expected to continue to support protective formation of a compact Al2O3 scale. Accelerated degradation of the chromia-forming alloys was observed in the higher water vapor content but the impact on transient oxidation of the alumina-forming alloys needs further investigations.
Optimal Dynamic Trajectories for Robotic Manipulators

Higher manipulator speeds are essential to achieve increased productivity, but are limited by the manipulator’s dynamic and actuator capabilities. This paper presents a control algorithm which determines the manner in which a six-degree-of-freedom manipulator should move along a specified path in three-dimensional space to complete its motion in minimum time without violating actuator constraints, thus greatly increasing its speed. The algorithm is computationally efficient and does not require the extensive iterative calculations optimal control laws normally demand. Applications are presented and results that show significant reductions in time over current planning methods for typical manipulators to perform complex manoeuvres. Also shown is how the method is used to improve the design of manipulators and their work stations for better performance.
Ethical Issues in Distinguishing Sexual Activity from Sexual Maltreatment among Women with Dementia

ABSTRACT A report from the National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA) defines sexual abuse as nonconsensual sexual contact of any kind with an elderly person. While such forces as ageism, sexism, and hypercognitivism uniquely situate women with dementia as at risk for sexual maltreatment, autonomy-centered bioethical approaches may, like the NCEA, fail to differentiate between coercive and assentual forms of “nonconsensual” sexual activity. This critical analysis brings to light the complexity of sexual ethics in the context of cognitive impairment. The author argues, from a relationship-centered perspective, that although women with dementia are particularly vulnerable to abuse certainly some, if not most, sexual activity between loving spouses may be morally permissible even when one partner has dementia and cannot consent.
Data Structures for Optimizing Programs with Explicit Parallelism

When analyzing programs with parallel imperative constructs (e.g., cobegin/coend), standard computer intermediate representations are inadequate. This paper introduces a new relation called the precedence relation and new data structures called the Parallel Control Flow Graph and the Parallel Precedence Graph for programs with parallel constructs. We show how to report anomalies in parallel programs using Parallel Precedence Graphs. In sequential Control Flow Graphs, the precedence relation is represented by the dominance relation. With explicit parallelism, the dominance relation is not the same as the precedence relation; we discuss the significance of the precedence relation and the new data structures for analyzing programs with parallel constructs. These data structures form a concrete basis for the development of efficient algorithms for optimizing parallel programs.
The Value of Nuclear Bone Imaging in Advanced Prostatic Cancer

The nuclear bone scan is a highly sensitive means of detecting skeletal metastasis in patients with prostatic cancer. Serial bone imaging provides an accurate method to follow the response of osseous metastases to treatment and to detect relapsing disease in the skeleton. In selected instances the nuclear bone scan can provide information about vertebral metastases that can be important for planning palliative treatment of pain.
Serotonin autoreceptors on dorsal raphe neurons: structure-activity relationships of tryptamine analogs

A series of indole-ethylamines were tested for their ability to suppress the spontaneous firing of single dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons in the rat. The compounds were all derivatives of either tryptamine or N,N-dimethyltryptamine possessing hydroxy or methoxy substituents on the benzene ring portion of the indole nucleus. Their activity was assessed using quantitative microiontophoresis or following systemic (intravenous) administration. The serotonin autoreceptor or so-called "S2 receptor" mediating the inhibition of raphe serotonergic neurons was found to exhibit a high degree of structural specificity among the closely related tryptamine analogs. The following structure-activity rules were demonstrated: (1) for either hydroxy or methoxy derivatives, the relative favorability of the ring positions conforms to the series 5 much greater than 4 greater than 6; (2) methoxy derivatives are more sensitive to a shift of the ring substituent from the 5- to the 4- or 6-positions than are hydroxy compounds; and (3) activity is enhanced by N,N-dimethylation. Furthermore, addition of a methyl group at the 7-position of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine markedly reduces the activity of this potent agonist. Of the radioligands which label brain serotonin receptors, the pharmacological characteristics of D-[3H]lysergic acid diethylamide binding best correspond to those displayed by the S2 receptor as determined in the present physiological analysis, although sufficient data are not yet available to make a complete comparison.
Expansion of a two-electron population plasma into vacuum.

The expansion of a two-electron population plasma into vacuum is investigated in a controlled laboratory experiment. As the plasma expands, the colder electron population lags behind the energetic tail population, and a potential double layer, called a rarefaction shock, develops where the two separate. Upstream of this double layer, both electron populations exist; but downstream, only the tail electrons do. During the expansion, ions are accelerated to energies well above the tail electron energy.
Probing Behavior of the Strawberry Aphid

Chactosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (Homoptera: Aphididae) probed more on leaves of the strawberry, Fragaria vesea L., variety ‘Alpine’, than on pea or turnip leaves or a variety of nonplant materials. Probing on other rosaceous plants approached that on strawberry. Acetone, chloroform, water, and petroleum ether extracts of strawberry leaves stimulated probing when applied to filter paper. Sucrose, artificial diet for aphids, water, and acetone extracts of aster leaves did not stimulate probing when applied to paper. Acetone extracts of pea leaves stimulated probing, but petroleum ether extracts did not. More aphids probed on pea leaves vacuum infiltrated with strawberry leaf extract than on untreated leaves but the aphids would not remain or survive on treated leaves.
Heavy metal hydrolysis of polyisoprenoid-phosphate mono- and oligosaccarides.

Mono- and oligosaccharide derivatives of dolichol phosphate can be hydrolyzed by heavy metal, preferably Zn++ at 100°C or 65°C. The reactions follow first order kinetics. The reaction proceeds through hydrolysis of the sugar phosphate bond.
Wealth accumulation across the adult life course: Stability and change in sociodemographic covariate structures of net worth data in the survey of income and program participation, 1984-1991

Abstract This paper reports microlevel Tobit regression analyses of sociodemographic covariates of the life course accumulation of total household net worth data in eight waves of five distinct panels—spanning over 6 years from late 1984 through early 1991—of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). It is found that the quadratic age–wealth relationship predicted by Modigliani's Life Cycle Hypothesis is evident in aggregate age–median wealth profiles as well as in the micro data for households with positive net worth. However, when adult status attainment variables are entered into the regression models either by themselves or in combination with marital/family status variables, the age of household head at which net worth begins to decline is far beyond the typical retirement age. In addition, the traditional criterion variables of sociological status attainment theory—educational attainment, occupational status, and earnings—are found to be positively associated with household net worth, although the net effect of occupational status generally is not statistically significant and the earnings effect is nonlinear. Further, consistent with status attainment theory, householder minority status (black, Hispanic) is negatively associated with the accumulation of net worth. It is found that both single male and single female householder status are negatively associated with the accumulation of household net worth (relative to married couple households) as is the size of the household (measured by the number of children under age 18 present). Separate logistic regression analyses show that households with zero and negative net worth are more likely than households with positive net worth to be black and have low earnings. Higher levels of educational and occupational status attainment reduce the probability of zero net worth but not the probability of negative net worth. Male- and female-headed households and households headed by Hispanics also are more likely to have zero net worth, but not negative net worth. The estimated sociodemographic covariate structures of household net worth are found to exhibit substantial stability across both waves and panels in the SIPP—although effects of the 1990–1991 recession are detectable in estimates for the 1990 panel. Possible applications of the estimated models in demographic projections of household net worth are suggested.
A clinical profile of a cohort of patients referred to an anesthesiology-based pediatric chronic pain medicine program

BACKGROUND:Pediatric chronic pain is very common and results in significant health care costs. Pediatric chronic pain is both an individual and a public health concern. The primary objective of this study was to generate a descriptive clinical profile of the patients referred to an anesthesiology-ba
Intra-plastid protein trafficking: how plant cells adapted prokaryotic mechanisms to the eukaryotic condition.

Abstract Protein trafficking and localization in plastids involve a complex interplay between ancient (prokaryotic) and novel (eukaryotic) translocases and targeting machineries. During evolution, ancient systems acquired new functions and novel translocation machineries were developed to facilitate the correct localization of nuclear encoded proteins targeted to the chloroplast. Because of its post-translational nature, targeting and integration of membrane proteins posed the biggest challenge to the organelle to avoid aggregation in the aqueous compartments. Soluble proteins faced a different kind of problem since some had to be transported across three membranes to reach their destination. Early studies suggested that chloroplasts addressed these issues by adapting ancient-prokaryotic machineries and integrating them with novel-eukaryotic systems, a process called ‘conservative sorting’. In the last decade, detailed biochemical, genetic, and structural studies have unraveled the mechanisms of protein targeting and localization in chloroplasts, suggesting a highly integrated scheme where ancient and novel systems collaborate at different stages of the process. In this review we focus on the differences and similarities between chloroplast ancestral translocases and their prokaryotic relatives to highlight known modifications that adapted them to the eukaryotic situation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Import and Quality Control in Mitochondria and Plastids.
Origins and Dynamics of the 90-Day and 30–60-Day Variations in the Equatorial Indian Ocean

Abstract Sea level observations in the equatorial Indian Ocean show a dominant spectral peak at 90 days and secondary peaks at 30–60 days over an intraseasonal period (20–90 days). A detailed investigation of the origins and dynamics of these variations is carried out using an ocean general circulation model, namely, the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Two parallel experiments are performed in the tropical Indian Ocean basin for the period 1988–2001: one is forced by NCEP 3-day mean forcing fields together with the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) pentad precipitation, and the other is forced by monthly mean fields. To help to understand the role played by the wind-driven equatorial wave dynamics, a linear continuously stratified ocean model is also used. Both the observed and modeled 90-day sea level anomaly fields and HYCOM surface current clearly show equatorial Kelvin and first-meridional-mode Rossby wave structures that are forced by the 90-day winds. The...
A Three-Point Combined Compact Difference Scheme

A new three-point combined compact difference (CCD) scheme is developed for numerical models. The major features of the CCD scheme are: three point, implicit, sixth-order accuracy, and inclusion of boundary values. Due to its combination of the first and second derivatives, the CCD scheme becomes more compact and more accurate than normal compact difference schemes. The efficient twin-tridiagonal (for calculating derivatives) and triple-tridiagonal (for solving partial difference equation with the CCD scheme) methods are also presented. Besides, the CCD scheme has sixth-order accuracy at periodic boundaries and fifth-order accuracy at nonperiodic boundaries. The possibility of extending to a three-point eighth-order scheme is also included.
New Results from the HiRes Experiment

The High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) collaboration has measured the spectrum of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays in the energy range from 10 17.2 to 10 20.2 eV. Two spectral features appear. We clearly see one, called the “ankle”, at about 10 18.5 eV. We also have evidence for a high-energy suppression of the cosmic ray flux at an energy of about 10 19.8 eV, where the GZK suppression is expected to occur. We have also measured the composition of cosmic rays between 10 18.0 and 10 19.4 eV using the X max method. We have searched for anisotropy in the arrival directions of ultra high energy cosmic rays. Results are presented on these topics.
Novel F-releasing Composite with Improved Mechanical Properties:

In recent years, the authors have been developing novel fluoride-releasing dental composites containing ternary zirconium fluoride chelates. The aim of this study was to improve the physical and mechanical properties of these composites by improving the formulation of the monomers and photoinitiators. The hypothesis was that reduction of hydrophilic monomers and improvement of the photoinitiators could reduce water sorption and significantly increase the mechanical properties of the composite. The degree of conversion of the composites containing different compositions of photoinitiators was studied by Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR). Ten experimental composites containing different compositions of ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA), 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate (HDDMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy) phenyl]-propane (BisGMA) were tested for flexural strength, viscosity, and water sorption. The experimental composite containing 20% synthesized fluoride-releasing monomer, 30% BisGMA, 30% EBPADMA, and 20% HDDMA showed significantly higher fluoride release and recharge, but physical and mechanical properties similar to those of the control composite containing 40% BisGMA, 40% EBPADMA, and 20% HDDMA.
A CONTRIBUTION OF THE TRIVIAL CONNECTION TO THE JONES POLYNOMIAL AND WITTEN'S INVARIANT OF 3D MANIFOLDS. II

We extend the results of our previous paper [1] from knots to links by using a formula for the Jones polynomial of a link derived recently by N. Reshetikhin. We establish a relation between the parameters of this formula and the multivariable Alexander polynomial. This relation is illustrated by an example of a torus link. We check that our expression for the Alexander polynomial satisfies some of its basic properties. Finally we derive a link surgery formula for the loop corrections to the trivial connection contribution to Witten's invariant of rational homology spheres.
Taming of the ring: context specific social mediation for communication devices

Taming of the Ring is an interactive system that lessens the problems of social disturbance caused by cell phone communication. As cell phone usage levels increase, social disturbance becomes an increasingly important issue. Callers and receivers have a need to discretely handle phone communication in delicate social situations. Early cell phone usage observations led to an interaction model hypothesis. A functional prototype was created to test the concept in the field. Preliminary results indicate that both calling and receiving users want more responsibility and control when placing phone calls, and that two remotely-mediated options, "hold" and "meeting," were enough to fill this communication need in the majority of situations.
Trends in Industry Supervisors’ Feedback On Business Communication Internships:

The purpose of this empirical study is to explore expectations of industry insiders and identify how student interns are performing in relation to those expectations as defined by 11 performance areas. The results of a survey of 238 industry supervisors were collected over a 5-year period in the departments of English and communication at a private university in the Northeast. While the results suggest that student interns tend to meet their supervisors’ expectations in many areas, performance categories such as initiative, writing skills, and oral communication skills require increased attention in the ways we prepare students for their internships and post-graduation employment and, perhaps, the ways we help onsite supervisors develop expectations for and evaluate our interns.
Determination of valence states of Iron in glass and of Uranium in Calcium fluoride single crystals

Abstract The instantaneous oxidation of macro and semi-micro amounts of iron(II) in various types of glasses, of iron(II) in magnesium oxide, and of semi-micro quantities of uranium(III) or uranium(IV) in calcium fluoride single crystals, by excess of cerium(IV) present in the solvent system, followed by back-titration with iron(II) ammonium sulfate, is the basis for a simple, accurate method which, furthermore, obviates the need for an inert atmosphere. Formal oxidation potentials of the Ce(IV)/ Ce(III) couple and the Fe(III)/Fe(II) couple in the hydrofluoric-sulfuric acid glass-dissolving mixture were estimated.
A framework for model and product family competition

Abstract This paper presents a framework that examines the forces that drive product variety and rate of change as they influence the evolution of product families and models. Empirical examples drawn from several different products to illustrate how the framework can be used to describe complex competitive environments and actions of firms.
Extracellular dopamine in the rat ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens following ventral tegmental infusion of cocaine

Rats were implanted with dual dialysis probes, one in the ventral tegmental area, and another one ipsilateral in the nucleus accumbens. Infusion of cocaine (10, 100, 1000 mM) into the ventral tegmental area gradually increased extracellular dopamine to 164, 329 and 991% of baseline in the ventral tegmental area, but reduced dopamine to 76, 47 and 38% of baseline in the nucleus acumbens. These results are consistent with cocaine-induced feedback regulation of dopamine cell activity involving somatodendritec impulse-regulating dopamine D2 autoreceptors.
Computational analysis for thermal NDE of composites

Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) is an important tool for ensuring the inspectability of a structural design and assessing the integrity of the structure during fabrication and service. NDE test results are typically examined by an inspector to determine the location and size of damage. There is significant potential for reducing the human effort involved in this procedure by digitally processing this data to enhance the signatures of flaws and to perform automated identification of suspected flaws. Computational NDE focuses on the development of methods for the simulation of NDE techniques and reduction of NDE data for an assessment of the integrity of the structure. This paper examines a technique that enhances the contrast between damaged and undamaged regions to improve the quality and reliability of flaw identification. An anisotropic diffusion algorithm is applied to the data. Anisotropic diffusion techniques are shown to significantly reduce image noise while maintaining defect contrast and preserving the important features of a flaw. The use of this algorithm is shown to improve detectability levels for thermal NDE data for both standard array imaging infrared cameras as well as the cheaper, more portable microbolometers of interest today. By increasing and automating detectability, significant advances can be made in the use of thermal NDE tools.
Bifurcation and chaos in power systems

A detailed example of a power system model with load dynamics is studied by investigating qualitative changes or bifurcations in its behaviour as a reactive power demand at one load bus is increased. In addition to the saddle-node bifurcation often associated with voltage collapse, we find other bifurcation phenomena which include Hopf bifurcation, cyclic fold bifurcation, period doubling bifurcation, and the emergence of chaos. The presence of these dynamic bifurcations motivates a re-examination of the role of saddle-node bifurcations in the voltage collapse phenomenon. In fact, simulation results suggest that voltage collapse may take place before the reactive power demand is increased to the system steady-state operating limit where a saddle-node bifurcation is detected. We also consider the role that the algebraic constraints imposed by some load models may play in the global analysis of the attractors of the system. Implications for power system operations are drawn.
Induced ATF-2 represses CDK4 transcription through dimerization with JunD inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell growth after polyamine depletion.

Intestinal epithelium is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its homeostasis is tightly regulated by numerous factors including polyamines. Decreased levels of cellular polyamines incre...
Dissipative and nonequilibrium effects near a superconductor-metal quantum critical point

We present a microscopic derivation of the effect of current flow on a system near a superconductor-metal quantum critical point. The model studied is a 2d itinerant electron system where the electrons interact via an attractive interaction and are coupled to an underlying normal metal substrate which provides a source of dissipation, and also provides a source of inelastic scattering that allows a nonequilibrium steady state to reach. A nonequilibrium Keldysh action for the superconducting fluctuations on the normal side is derived. Current flow, besides its minimal coupling to the order parameter is found to give rise to two new effects. One is a source of noise that acts as an effective temperature $T_{eff} = e E v_F \tau_{sc}$ where $E$ is the external electric field, $v_F$ the Fermi velocity, and $\tau_{sc}$ is the escape time into the normal metal substrate. Secondly current flow also produces a drift of the order-parameter. Scaling equations for the superconducting gap and the current are derived and are found to be consistent with previous phenomenological treatments as long as a temperature $T \sim T_{eff}$ is included. The current induced drift is found to produce additional corrections to the scaling which are smaller by a factor of ${\cal O}(\frac{1}{E_F \tau_{sc}})$, $E_F$ being the Fermi energy.
Executive Migration and Interorganizational Competition

Abstract This paper examines how the patterns of managerial careers affect change processes among formal organizations. By conceptualizing interorganizational mobility as a form of interorganizational relation, I operationalize the idea that the career choices made by individuals result in structures that constrain organizations. An analysis of the television industry shows that stations perform worse in the market for viewers when they recruit managers from the same sources as their competitors, net of controls for the station's overall recruitment activity. Theoretically, the results suggest that managerial mobility is a mechanism by which firms move through the competitive landscape, both intentionally and unintentionally, and that careers therefore are a source of evolutionary change in organizational populations. The strategic implication is that firms must attend not only to their positioning in product markets, but also to their positioning in factor markets, particularly the market for managerial talent.
A triangular theory of love.

This article presents a triangular theory of love. According to the theory, love has three components: (a) intimacy, which encompasses the feelings of closeness, connectedness, and bondedness one experiences in loving relationships; (b) passion, which encompasses the drives that lead to romance, physical attraction, and sexual consummation; and (c) decision/commitment, which encompasses, in the short term, the decision that one loves another, and in the long term, the commitment to maintain that love. The amount of love one experiences depends on the absolute strength of these three components, and the kind of love one experiences depends on their strengths relative to each other. The three components interact with each other and with the actions that they produce and that produce them so as to form a number of different kinds of loving experiences. The triangular theory of love subsumes certain other theories and can account for a number of empirical findings in the research literature, as well as for a number of experiences with which many are familiar firsthand. It is proposed that the triangular theory provides a rather comprehensive basis for understanding many aspects of the love that underlies close relationships. What does it mean "to love" someone? Does it always mean the same thing, and if not, in what ways do loves differ from each other? Why do certain loves seem to last, whereas others disappear almost as quickly as they are formed? This article seeks to answer these and other questions through a triangular theory of love. This tripartite theory deals both with the nature of love and with loves in various kinds of relationships. The presentation of the theory will be divided into three main parts. In the first part, the main tenets of the theory will be explained and discussed, and the theory will be compared with other theories of love. In the second part, the implications of the theory for close relationships and satisfaction in them will be described. In the third part, the theory will be shown to account for many of the empirical phenomena that have been observed with regard to love.
DP-Fair: a unifying theory for optimal hard real-time multiprocessor scheduling

We consider the problem of optimal real-time scheduling of periodic and sporadic tasks on identical multiprocessors. A number of recent papers have used the notions of fluid scheduling and deadline partitioning to guarantee optimality and improve performance. This article develops a unifying theory with the DP-Fair scheduling policy and examines how it overcomes problems faced by greedy scheduling algorithms. In addition, we present DP-Wrap, a simple DP-Fair scheduling algorithm which serves as a least common ancestor to other recent algorithms. The DP-Fair scheduling policy is extended to address the problem of scheduling sporadic task sets with arbitrary deadlines.
The diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus and its implications for disease progression.

The diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus and its implications for disease progression
85. Meeting Them More Than Halfway: Adolescent Perspectives on Patient-centered Care

Author(s): Uy-Smith, Elizabeth L; Lofink, Hayley E; Padrez, Ryan; Fowler, Tara E Trudnak; Koenig, Kevin T; Fairbrother, Gerry; Brindis, Claire D