cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influences on the antimicrobial activity of surface-adsorbed nisin

The efficacy of the antimicrobial peptide nisin was examined after adsorption to silica surfaces. Three protocols were used to evaluate nisin's activity against adhered cells of Listeria monocytogenes: bioassay using Pediococcus pentosaceous FBB 61-2 as the sensitive indicator strain; visualization and enumeration of cells by microscopic image analysis; and viability of adhered cells as determined by lodonitrotetrazolium violet uptake and crystallization. The activity of adsorbed nisin was highly dependent upon conditions of adsorption. The highest antimicrobial activity of adsorbed nisin occurred with high concentrations of nisin (1.0 mg ml-1) and brief contact times (1 h) on surfaces of low hydrophobicity. Sequential adsorption of a second protein (beta-lactoglobulin or bovine serum albumin) onto surfaces consistently resulted in decreased nisin activity. These data provide direction for the development of applications to limit microbial attachment on food contact surfaces through the use of adsorbed antimicrobial peptides.
SETI merit and the galactic plane

Abstract An easily computed figure of relative merit is defined for stellar targets that takes into account both distance and location relative to the galactic plane. It is based on stellar densities and an assumed exponential distribution of extraterrestrial transmitter powers, and can be readily computed. This parameter has been used to evaluate stellar targets for Project Phoenix to be observed at the Arecibo telescope. Over a range of plausible parameters, use of this merit index produces a better sample than simply ordering target stars by distance, even for the very nearby stars observed by Phoenix.
Synthesis of Fused-Ring Nicotine Derivatives from (S)-Nicotine

The synthesis of novel fused-ring bicyclic (4-6) and tricyclic (7-10) nicotine derivatives from natural (S)-nicotine are described. Enantiopure bicyclic dioxino, dihydrofuro, and dihydropyranol nicotine derivatives as well as tricylic benzofuro and benzopyran derivatives were synthesized from simple alkoxy or halonicotine intermediates. Attempts to synthesize furonicotines (11, 12) resulted in formation of the furonicotine dimers 42 and 49.
chronic and Disabling Conditions among American Indian and Alaskan Native Children and Youth

Seven years ago a child was born on the Northern Plains. Morning Star was a girl diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). She had one foot missing and also part of one hand. Soon the baby was given up for adoption and was adopted by a family that loves her and believes that Morning Star is a perfect child.
Chronic metabolic measurements of normal brain tissue response to photodynamic therapy

The metabolic response of normal rat brain to photodynamic therapy (PDT) was studied over a 1 week interval using in vivo 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Rats injected with 12.5 mg/kg Photofrin II were submitted to brain photoactivation 48 h after drug administration with either 140 or 70 J/cm2 light (630 +/- 1 nm) from an Argon dye laser. Control studies, animals not given drug or light, animals submitted only to brain illumination without drug, and animals given drug but no light, were also performed. The data revealed a transient metabolic degradation; a decrease in the ratio of beta-nucleotriphosphate to inorganic phosphate (P less than 0.001) at 24 h after PDT treatment was followed by a return to pretreatment spectral values. Brain tissue alkalosis was also noted, with significant (P less than 0.05) differences in brain tissue pH detected at 72 h post treatment between 70 J/cm2 PDT vs control studies and at 1 week post treatment between 140 J/cm2 vs 70 J/cm2, 140 J/cm2 vs no light-no drug and 140 J/cm2 vs drug only. The data suggest that there is no difinitive metabolic marker from 31P-NMR spectroscopy that can identify necrotic brain tissue caused by PDT. Phosphorus-31 NMR data are also presented which suggest that PDT damage to brain is not solely the result of microvascular occlusion causing ischemic necrosis.
A Cross-Linguistic Investigation of English Language Learners' Reading Comprehension in English and Spanish

This study investigated the associations of oral language and reading skills with a sample of 282 Spanish-speaking English language learners across 3 years of elementary school. In the 3rd grade, the English and Spanish decoding measures formed two distinct but highly related factors, and the English and Spanish oral language measures formed two factors that showed a small positive correlation between them. The decoding and oral language factors were used to predict the sample's English and Spanish reading comprehension in the 6th grade. The decoding and oral language factors were both significant predictors of reading comprehension in both languages. The within-language effects were larger than the cross-language effects and the cross-language effects were not significant after accounting for the within-language effects.
A multi-group technique for data compression

An efficient compression technique that is particularly attractive for the storage of large commercial files and the transfer of such files within a distributed communication network is outlined. The technique, constructed as a two-level hierarchy of Huffman-type binary trees, is a reversible semantic-independent variable-length character encoding method that makes use of the group locality of character reference behavior and the variable frequency of occurrence of various characters within the different subgroupings of the character set. The compression efficiency and cost of the Multi-Group scheme has been found to be superior to the well-known Huffman encoding algorithm.
Heats of adsorption of oxygen, ethylene, and butadiene on Al2O3-supported silver

Abstract Heats of adsorption of oxygen on small, clean dispersed Ag crystallites have been measured directly. On the largest (27 nm) Al2O3-supported particles, the integral Qad values of 34–41 kcal mol−1 at 443 K were very consistent with those reported for Ag single crystals, and Qad increased to 50 kcal mol−1 on the smallest (3.7 nm) particles. The heats of adsorption measured at 300 K were slightly lower but showed the same trend with crystallite size. The heat of adsorption of ethylene on pure Al2O3 was 10.1 kcal mol−1 at 300 K, which, when combined with the sizable adsorption on the support, precluded any measurement on Ag; however, at 443 K a value of 10 kcal mol−1 could be estimated for C2H4 adsorption on clean Ag because adsorption on the support was significantly reduced. On an oxygen-covered Ag surface, Qad values for C2H4 were 5.2 and 64 kcal mol−1 at 300 and 443 K, respectively. Similar measurements for butadiene gave heats of adsorption of 10.9 and 13.1 kcal mol−1 on pure Al2O3 at 300 and 443 K, respectively, and on clean Ag at 443 K, the Qad value was 9 kcal mol−1 On oxygen-covered Ag, Qaad for butadiene was 21 kcal mol−1 at 300 K but, as with C2H4, it increased markedly to 65 kcal mol−1 at 443 K. The nearly identical values at 443 K for C2H4 and C4H6 on both clean and O-covered Ag imply a similar mode of bonding on each surface. The high values on the latter surface indicate a strong interaction with surface oxygen atoms, presumably involving only a single CC bond.
Double-targeting using a TrkC ligand conjugated to dipyrrometheneboron difluoride (BODIPY) based photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent.

A molecule 1 (IY-IY-PDT) was designed to contain a fragment (IY-IY) that targets the TrkC receptor and a photosensitizer that acts as an agent for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Molecule 1 had submicromolar photocytotoxicities to cells that were engineered to stably express TrkC (NIH3T3-TrkC) or that naturally express high levels of TrkC (SY5Y neuroblastoma lines). Control experiments showed that 1 is not cytotoxic in the dark and has significantly less photocytotoxicity toward cells that do not express TrkC (NIH3T3-WT). Other controls featuring a similar agent 2 (YI-YI-PDT), which is identical and isomeric with 1 except that the targeting region is scrambled (a YI-YI motif, see text), showed that 1 is considerably more photocytotoxic than 2 on TrkC+ cells. Imaging live TrkC+ cells after treatment with a fluorescent agent 1 (IY-IY-PDT) proved that 1 permeates into TrkC+ cells and is localized in the lysosomes. This observation indirectly indicates that agent 1 enters the cells via the TrkC receptor. Consiste...
The Effects of Pressure and an Acoustic Field on a Cryogenic Coaxial Jet

Abstract : A coaxial injector was designed to inject liquid nitrogen (LN2) with a coflow of gaseous nitrogen (GN2) in its annular region as part of a program to better understand the nature of the interaction between acoustic waves and liquid the jets in cryogenic rocket engines. Backlit images were taken from the jets at various flow rates and at sub-, near-, and super-critical chamber pressures with and without the presence of a 2700 Hz standing wave acoustic field. injector exit plane temperature measurements were made in both the center jet and annular regions. Results indicate that when the jet core appeared short and "thin", mostly under supercritical chamber pressures, the jet became insensitive to the external acoustic field. The strongest interaction was observed when the jet core looked long and "thick". To explore their implications, the characteristic acoustic impedance of the central jet and fuel/oxidizer momentum ratios are considered to play a role in the observed interactions. It is feasible that they play a similar role in cryogenic rocket engine combustion instability of the coaxial jet.
Eight-channel transmit/receive head array for use with ultra-low output impedance amplifiers

Parallel transmit technology for magnetic resonance imaging can mitigate the challenges with the transmit field (B1) inhomogeneity and capture the increased signal-to-noise ratio benefit at high field strengths. Most of the available parallel transmit systems use conventional amplifier architectures with array coils that employ complex decoupling methods to isolate the individual elements. Current sources and ultra-low output impedance amplifiers offer the advantage of providing some additional decoupling to the array elements, allowing more flexibility in the array design. We present our work designing and building an eight-channel transmit/receive head array to work with ultralow output impedance amplifiers on a 3 Tesla GE clinical scanner.
Electrokinetic trapping using titania nanoporous membranes fabricated using sol-gel chemistry on microfluidic devices.

We have developed a new method for analyte preconcentration on a microfluidic device using a porous membrane fabricated via sol-gel chemistry. These porous membranes were fabricated within the channels of glass microfluidic devices exploiting laminar flow to bring an alcoholic sol-gel precursor (titanium isopropoxide in 2-propanol) into contact with an alcohol-water solution at a channel cross intersection. These two streams reacted at the fluidic interface to form a porous titania membrane. The thickness of the membrane could be altered by changing the [H 2 O]. Analyte concentration was accomplished by applying a voltage across the titania membrane. The level of analyte enrichment was monitored, and enrichment factors of above 4000 in 400 s were obtained for 2,7-dichlorofluorescein.
The Future of Child Maltreatment Prevention

In the United States there are an estimated 900 000 children per year who are victims of child maltreatment.1 The majority of them are victims of neglect. Over the past 3 decades, there has been considerable attention to better defining our understanding of the etiology of child maltreatment. Initial work focused on sociological and psychodynamic models of child maltreatment. These models laid the ground work for the current ecological model of child maltreatment.2 The ecological model endorses a complex set of forces that create an environment which places the child at greater risk for becoming a victim of maltreatment. Although historically “bad” or “sick” people abused children, current models view children as embedded in layers and layers of varying positive and negative spheres of influences. These influences change throughout different periods in the life of a child. Each of these forces can be either stressors (risks) or supports (protectors) of the child. The limited understanding of the complexity … Address correspondence to Christopher Spencer Greeley, MD, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Suite 1425, 6410 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail: christopher.s.greeley{at}uth.tmc.edu
Experimental Chronic Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis in Rabbits: Treatment with Rifampin Alone and in Combination with Other Antimicrobial Agents

The efficacy of rifampin alone and in combination with sisomicin, cephalothin, sisomicin and cephalothin, or trimethoprim was measured in an experimental model of chronic osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus in rabbits. Single-drug regimens used for 28 days were relatively ineffective (bone sterilization rate, 5%-55%). Combinations of rifampin with other agents were more effective (bone sterilization rate, 75%-100%). The combination of rifampin, sisomicin, and cephalothin given for only 14 days sterilized the bones of all treated rabbits. Staphylococci isolated from the bones of rabbits that had received rifampin alone or in combination with other antibiotics were highly resistant to rifampin; in contrast, these organisms remained sensitive to the other agents used. Results of in vitro studies of synergy correlated with in vivo results in some but not all instances. The results obtained with rifampin in the treatment of experimental chronic osteomyelitis caused by S. aureus suggest that clinical trials of this agent for the treatment of osteomyelitis in humans are warranted.
Gas phase and surface reactions in the MOCVD of GaAs from triethylgallium, trimethylgallium, and tertiarybutylarsine

Abstract The growth of GaAs from triethylgallium (TEG) and trimethylgallium (TMG) with tertiarybutylarsine (tBAs) has been investigated by using a reactor equipped with a recording microbalance for in situ rate measurements. Rate data show that the growth with these precursors is dominated by the formation of adduct compounds in the gas lines, by adduct related parasitic gas phase reactions in the heated zone, and by the surface reactions. A model is proposed for the competition between deposition reactions and the parasitic gas phase reaction. Model predictions are in very good agreement with experimental data for both TEG+tBAs and TMG+tBAs. It is shown that the effects of the parasitic reaction on the growth efficiency and film quality may be reduced by lowering the residence time of the precursors and by decreasing the total pressure in the reactor. Adduct formation may be minimized by mixing precursors in the reactor rather than in the gas handling system.
Multipoint Padé approximation using a rational block Lanczos algorithm

This paper presents a general rational block Lanczos algorithm for computing multipoint matrix Pade approximation of linear multiport networks, which model many important circuits in digital, analog, or mixed signal designs. This algorithm generalizes a novel block Lanczos algorithm with a reliable adaptive scheme for breakdown treatment to address two drawbacks of the single frequency Pade approximation: poor approximation of the transfer function in the frequency domain far away from the expansion point and the instability of the reduced model when the original system is stable. In addition, due to smaller Krylov subspace corresponding to each frequency point, the rational algorithm also alleviates the possible breakdowns when completing high order approximations. The cost of full backward orthogonalization with respect to all previous Lanczos vectors in a rational Lanczos algorithm, as compared to a partial backward orthogonalization in a single point Lanczos algorithm, is offset by more accurate and smaller order approximations.
Impaired personal boundaries: A proposed nursing diagnosis.

topic. How impaired personal boundaries play a significant role in mental illnesses and co-dependency. purpose. To demonstrate the value of having a formal nursing diagnosis of “impaired personal boundaries.” source. A concept analysis of personal boundaries, which describes the physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions of personal boundaries. conclusion. The author recommends a new nursing diagnosis of “impaired personal boundaries,” which provides a basis for the plan of care for clients with this difficulty.
Variability in Salt Sensitivity Classifications in Black Male Versus Female Adolescents

Salt sensitivity (changes in blood pressure in response to alterations in salt intake) may be a risk factor for hypertension. In the present study, we examined the prevalence of salt sensitivity based on two different classifications in healthy black male and female adolescents (aged 13 to 16 years). A total of 135 black adolescents participated in a 50 mmol/24 h low sodium diet for 5 days and a 150 mmol/24 h NaCl supplement for 10 days. Dietary compliance was defined as sodium excretion less than or equal to 50 mmol/24 h for the low sodium diet and greater than or equal to 165 mmol/24 h for the high NaCl supplement. Salt sensitivity was defined by two classifications: (1) as a decrease in mean blood pressure greater than or equal to 5 mm Hg from baseline to the low sodium diet, and (2) as an increase in mean blood pressure greater than or equal to 5 mm Hg from the low sodium diet to the high NaCl supplement. With classification 1, 14% of boys were identified as salt sensitive compared with 22% of girls. With classification 2, however, 31% of boys were identified as salt sensitive compared with 18% of girls. Analyses based on changes in systolic pressure demonstrated similar findings across sex, although overall classifications based on systolic pressure yielded a greater percentage of salt-sensitive subjects. These sex differences in classification patterns were not due to differences in other important variables, such as changes in sodium excretion, potassium excretion, or Quetelet index. These results suggest that the prevalence of salt sensitivity differs by sex depending on the type of protocol used for the classification of salt sensitivity in a black pediatric population.
Knowledge and Skills for Teachers of Individuals Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: Initial Set Revalidation

The Council for Exceptional Children and the Council on the Education of the Deaf have worked together for over a decade to maintain mutually agreed on standards for teachers of children who are de...
Urban Communes, Self Management, and The Reconstruction of the Local State:

Principles for a reconstructed political order at the local state level are developed and discussed. The essay is divided into five parts. Part II traces the relationship between the concepts of political com munity and the local state. It terminates in advanced capitalism, wherein territory is structured into both residentiary and economic spaces in accord with our dual role as consumers and producers, and, in which the two are in conflict with one another. The object of a reconstructed political order is to accomplish integration of the two spaces (Part III). A series of general principles is developed in Part IV, meant as guideposts for political practice. In the final part of the essay, comments are offered on the historical possibilities of a reconstructed political practice and on future roles for planners.
The Quantity and the Quality of Party Systems: Party System Polarization, Its Measurement, and Its Consequences

Previous research claims that the number of parties affects the representation of social cleavages in voting behavior, election turnout, patterns of political conflict, and other party system effec...
Increased iron in the dentate nucleus of patients with Friedreich's ataxia

Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is the most frequently inherited ataxia. To test the hypothesis that iron is increased in the cerebellum of patients with FA, we developed a multigradient echo magnetic resonance sequence for the three-dimensional imaging of brain iron-induced contrast. Relaxation rate (R2*) values in the unaffected globus pallidus were equal in FA patients and controls, although R2* values in the dentate nucleus of patients were significantly higher, which is most likely due to increased iron. Ann Neurol 1999;46:123–125
Surrogate Humanity: Posthuman Networks and the (Racialized) Obsolescence of Labor

Historical forms of domination and power, encompassed but not limited to social categories and hierarchies of difference, get built into seemingly non-human objects and the infrastructures that link them, thus sanitizing digital media technologies as human-free. Rather than questioning the epistemological and ontological underpinnings of the human, fantasies about the revolutionary nature of new media and technology developments as posthuman carry forward and re-universalize the historical specificity of the category “human” whose bounds they claim to surpass. To begin to theorize some of the ways in which the notion of a revolutionary network of humans and things is both racial and racializing, the first part of this article develops a reading of Sylvia Wynter’s theorization of modern “man” as fundamentally constructed through racial-scientific notions of the biological and economic. We then think Wynter’s notion of homo-oeconomicus alongside Rifkin’s postulation that in fact the infrastructure revolution marks a paradigm shift away from capitalism. Through an analysis of several contemporary platforms (including Alfred and Amazon Mechanical Turk), we address the global-racial erasures and disappearances undergirding techno-utopic fantasies of a post-labor society. At the same time, as we argue, it is insufficient to merely point out the way in which human racialized and gendered labor underwrites techno-utopic fantasies. Instead, we move to a consideration of the epistemological and material shifts as well as legacies tied to prior post-Enlightenment revolutionary thought, such as that of Franz Fanon, to reconceptualize who or what can count as human. In conversation with feminist science studies scholarship on the posthuman, we grapple with what it means to think the subject of labor, and the human as subject, outside of the biological-economic imperatives of prior imaginaries.
Rollover injuries in residential driveways: age-related patterns of injury.

Background. The major objective of the present study was to determine the severity of nonfatal injuries sustained by children ( 24 months old). Methods. We reviewed the medical records of 3971 consecutive admissions to a single trauma service at an urban children9s hospital between March 1990 and October 1994. During this time period, 26 (0.7%) children presented with rollover injuries incurred by motor vehicles in residential driveways. Outcome was measured by length of both intensive care unit admission and hospitalization. Results. Two children died shortly after admission and were excluded from the remainder of the study. Younger children ( 24 months old. One explanation for these observations was that younger children had a significantly higher incidence of both head and neck and extremity injury but a similar incidence and severity of chest and abdominal trauma, compared with older children. Injuries requiring operative intervention were rare. Conclusion. Younger patients sustaining rollover injuries in the residential driveway have a worse outcome, in part, because of the head and neck or extremity injures that they incur. The majority of rollover injuries can be managed conservatively. pediatric trauma, driveway, pedestrian events, rollover injuries, injury severity score, pediatric trauma scale.
Why the lupus problem remains unsolved and I am a human geneticist

A personal account is given: 1) of my early work with lupus erythematosus including the first observation of formation of the LE cell and the experimental production in animal renal glomeruli of hematoxyphil bodies, the pathognomonic lesion of lupus; and, 2) of how discontinuation of work on lupus--by decree--diverted my life in science away from immunology into another area of human genetics, namely cytogenetics, the discovery of genetically determined genomic instability and the choice of Bloom's syndrome as an investigational model for human cancer.
Role of health insurance coverage in women's access to prescription medicines.

Objective To examine the effects of health insurance coverage and other factors on access to prescription medicines for non-elderly women ages 18–64. Methods Based on a nationally representative telephone survey of adult women in the United States, this study uses multiple logistic regression to determine the factors significantly associated with cost barriers among non-elderly women. The sample for the study includes 1,177 women ages 18–64 who use ≥1 prescription drug on a regular basis. Cost barriers are defined as not filling a prescription or skipping or splitting doses owing to cost. A composite variable of income and health insurance was created to examine the role of insurance in mitigating barriers for women of different income levels. Descriptive analyses report the share of subgroups of women who have faced any of these cost barriers, and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the role of health insurance, income, and other factors in predicting financial access to prescribed medications. Key Findings Over half (54%) of non-elderly women reported that they were taking a prescription medicine on a regular basis, and nearly one third (32%) of these women reported experiencing ≥1 affordability barrier in the prior year and had to either forgo or delay a prescription and/or reduce dosages to make medicines last longer because of costs. Uninsured women had the highest odds of facing a cost barrier, regardless of income level. Low-income, uninsured women were nearly 7 times as likely to face a cost barrier to prescription drugs, compared with higher income women with insurance. Even uninsured women with incomes ≥200% of the federal poverty level had 5 times the odds of facing a prescription medicine cost barrier, and low-income, insured women experienced 2 times the odds of a prescription medicine cost barrier, compared with their higher income, insured counterparts. Conclusion Lack of health insurance coverage was significantly associated with experiencing cost barriers, regardless of income level, underscoring the critical role that insurance coverage plays in protecting women from out-of-pocket costs and for accessing prescription medicines. Limiting out-of-pocket spending is also important for low-income women who have insurance, because even minimal costs can act as barriers for this group.
The association of low parental monitoring with early substance use in european american and african american adolescent girls

Objective:Research indicates that low parental monitoring increases the risk for early substance use. Because low parental monitoring tends to co-occur with other familial and neighborhood factors, the specificity of the association is challenging to establish. Using logistic regression and propensity score analyses, we examined associations between low parental monitoring and early substance use in European American (EA) and African American (AA) girls, controlling for risk factors associated with low parental monitoring.Method:Participants were 3,133 EA and 523 AA girls from the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study with data on parental monitoring assessed via self-report questionnaire, and with ages at first use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis queried in at least one of three diagnostic interviews (median ages = 15, 22, and 24 years).Results:The rate of early alcohol use was greater in EA than AA girls, whereas the proportion of AA girls reporting low parental monitoring was higher than in EA girls....
Reproduction and growth of the tundra hare (Lepus othus).

Data are presented on the growth and reproduction of the tundra hare ( Lepus othus Merriam) from the Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Refuge, western Alaska. The estimated average growth rate for juvenile hares is 37.2 grams per day over a 102 day growth period from a birth weight of 100 grams to a minimum adult weight of 3900 grams. The single annual litter averages 6.3 (N = 10). A conception period from 13 to 29 April and a parturition period from 29 May to 4 June are deduced from estimated embryo ages.
A Perspective on Symmetric Lateral Bipolar Transistors on SOI as a Complementary Bipolar Logic Technology

Recently published reports suggest that symmetric lateral bipolar transistors on semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) is CMOS compatible in fabrication process, and can be much denser than CMOS due to their much larger (5-10× larger) drive-current capability. When used in traditional bipolar circuits, SOI bipolar offers much lower power dissipation and/or much higher maximum speed. With both NPN and PNP devices of comparable characteristics, SOI lateral bipolar suggests the possibility of complementary bipolar (CBipolar) circuits in configurations analogous to CMOS. In this paper, the performance versus power dissipation of CBipolar circuits is examined using analytic equations. It is shown that for CBipolar to be superior to CMOS in both performance and power dissipation, narrow-gap-base heterojunction structures, such as Si emitter with Ge base or Si emitter with SiGe base, are required.
Spring and Fall Applications of Insecticides for Alfalfa Weevil Control—1963-64

Insecticide applications for control of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), were made in the spring and fall using various materials in spray and granular formulations. None of the fall treatments (October) provided satisfactory control and neither heptachlor nor dieldrin were so effective against the weevil as they had been 2 years previously. Malathion and azinphosmethyl spray treatments applied in the spring (April) at 1.0 and 0.75 Ib per acre, respectively, provided the best protection against alfalfa weevil larvae. Several unregistered insecticides showed some promise for weevil control; these were: SD 4072 [2-chlor-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) vinyl diethyl phosphate]; SD 7438 (benzylidene methyl phosphorodithioate); American Cyanamid 47470 [2-(dicthoxyphosphinylimino)-4-methyl-1,3-dithiolane]; American Cyanamid 47772 [2-(dimethoxyphosphinylimino)-4 methyl-],3-dithiolane]; Imidan® ( O, O -dimethyl S -phthalimidometbyl phosphordithioate); and dimetilan.
Dose level and degree of ketonemia produced by growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Conclusions1. The production of increased ketonemia by either growth hormone or adrenocorticotropic hormone in fasted normal rats is confirmed. 2. Under the experimental conditions used, the degree of ketonemia produced is correlated with the amount of hormone administered.
One Degree of Freedom Approach for an Autonomous Descent Vehicle Using a Variable Drag Parachute

surface area of the parachute. The control algorithm uses a 1{DOF model to predict and control the landing location. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. First, results from wind tunnel testing quantify how throttling of a parachute through simple manipulation of parachute shroud lines changes the cross sectional area and the resulting drag force. Second, the accuracy of the descent path prediction algorithm was evaluated experimentally using a stratospheric balloon ight. These data were used to validate the ability of the proposed control algorithm to accurately predict landing location. Together, these tests demonstrate the potential for using inexpensive onboard ight hardware to autonomously sense and control a descent vehicle to reach a linear target on the ground.
Candida glabrata Binding to Candida albicans Hyphae Enables Its Development in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis

Pathogenic mechanisms of Candida glabrata in oral candidiasis, especially because of its inability to form hyphae, are understudied. Since both Candida albicans and C. glabrata are frequently co-isolated in oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), we examined their co-adhesion in vitro and observed adhesion of C. glabrata only to C. albicans hyphae microscopically. Mice were infected sublingually with C. albicans or C. glabrata individually, or with both species concurrently, to study their ability to cause OPC. Infection with C. glabrata alone resulted in negligible infection of tongues; however, colonization by C. glabrata was increased by co-infection or a pre-established infection with C. albicans. Furthermore, C. glabrata required C. albicans for colonization of tongues, since decreasing C. albicans burden with fluconazole also reduced C. glabrata. C. albicans hyphal wall adhesins Als1 and Als3 were important for in vitro adhesion of C. glabrata and to establish OPC. C. glabrata cell wall protein coding genes EPA8, EPA19, AWP2, AWP7, and CAGL0F00181 were implicated in mediating adhesion to C. albicans hyphae and remarkably, their expression was induced by incubation with germinated C. albicans. Thus, we found a near essential requirement for the presence of C. albicans for both initial colonization and establishment of OPC infection by C. glabrata.
Chiral ionic liquids: A compendium of syntheses and applications (2005–2012)

In recent years, the field of chiral ionic liquids (CILs) has undergone exponential growth. As the technology has advanced, new ways of synthesizing stable and structurally diverse ionic liquids have been established. This has led to heretofore unknown applications of CILs as well as in improving efficiency of previously identified applications. In this review article we have compiled a comprehensive database containing structures and physical properties of notable CILs that have been synthesized during the last 6 years. Their applications in the fields of asymmetric organic synthesis, spectroscopy, and chromatography are also illustrated. This is an expansion of our previous review, which covered the literature before 2005. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensation-Seeking Scale, form IV, and Field Independence

Recenr smdies employing rhe Embedded-flguues rest (Zuckerman, Kolin, Price, & Zoob, 1964) and rod-and-frame scores (Zuckerman & Link, 1968) have shown sensation-seeking to be correlated wirh field independence for males bur nor for females. This was inrerpreced in rerms of high sensarionseekers possessing grearer sensir~vicy to inrernal bodily sensations. The purpose of rhis sn~dy waz replicarion and exrension to the new Form IV of the senrarion-seeking scale (Zuckerman, 1971) which measures five componenrs of sensarion-seeking. Form IV was adminisrered to 71 male and 65 female inrroducrory psychology srudenrs who were rhen resred in rhe rod-and-frame apparatus where rhe average deviation from rhe vertical over 8 rrials was computed. Producrmoment correlarions were obrained: General Sensarion-seeking (.064, .003, .031), Thrill and Advenrure Seeking (.199, 108, ,136). Boredom Suscepribiliry (-,113, -.081, -.OW), Disinhibirion (.200, -.099, -.057), and Experience Seeking (.003, -.133, -.064) for males, females and toral dara respectively. These dara indicare rhar field independence is pracrically unrelared ro scores on rhese wales even for rhe opposed rhough minor nonsignificant relationships wirh Thrill and Adventure Seeking and Disinhibirion for males ( p > .10 for a rwerailed resr) I t should be poinred our char Zuckerman, er al. (1968) had rheir Ss make rod adjusrmenrs while siccing up in a bed in n soundproof dark room, and in our srudy E manipulared rhe rod, hence comparisons may be renuous. Unforrunarely [he Embedded-figures rest was nor included as an alrernarive measure.
Doctor of Nursing Practice portfolio of Helen N. Turner

A not uncommonAn ethical dilemma that is not uncommon to encountered whenencounter when caring for children occurs when parental preference does not appear to be in the child’s best interest. Challenges facing the health care team are further amplified when the family’s cultural background does not match that of the team. A case study will be used to illustrate the challenges of a pediatric palliative care ethical dilemma further complicated by cultural diversity. Review of the child’s medical condition, patient/parent preferences, quality of life, and contextual features will be followed by an analysis and recommendations for resolution of this challenging situation.
Solving a community health problem.

Epidemiology is applied to mass disease to define course and extent of the problem, and determine the multiple factors acting in causation. After analysis, operational control is sought by team effort directed against selected causes, with results to be evaluated at the end of the operation.
Stabilization of Helical Conformation in Model Peptides by 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol: An FTIR Study

Despite the widespread use of TFE as a helix-stabilizing agent, the mechanism of its action is still widely debated. While mechanisms in which TFE binds to residues in the helical conformation and stabilizes the structure have been proposed [1], there is no evidence for direct interactions between TFE and hydrophobic side chains [2]. Alternatively, recent explanations of the TFE effect have focussed on the impact of TFE on the structure of water and its solvation of peptide groups. Three different mechanisms of helix stabilization by TFE involving solvation effect have been proposed. Based on studies of the effect of TFE on the conformation of alanine-rich helical peptides and intramolecular hydrogen bonding in salicylic acid, Luo and Baldwin proposed that desolvation of the backbone carbonyls in a helix strengthens intrahelical hydrogen bonding; the stronger hydrogen bonding increases the enthalpic stability of the helix versus random coil in TFE/water mixtures [3]. In studies of coiled-coil peptides, Kenstis and Sosnick have proposed that the increased solvent structure in TFE/water mixtures (as opposed to pure water) raises the energy of solvation of peptide backbone groups in the unfolded state; this indirectly enhances the stability of the helical state [4]. Recently, Cammers-Goodwin and co-workers have proposed that in pure water, there is a greater ordering of the solvent shell around the helix compared to the coil state, resulting in an unfavorable entropic change; by disrupting hydrogen bonding between the helix backbone and solvent, TFE reduces the solvent ordering which occurs upon helix formation, stabilizing the helix relative to the coil state [5].
Lensectomy and Anterior Vitrectomy

When done properly a lensectomy only requires one entry into the eye. In the past, the objective of a lensectomy was to clear the visual axis and to prevent secondary visual axis opacification with no consideration of future secondary intraocular lens implantation. Herein we describe the technique of lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy when an IOL is not being implanted during the primary procedure. The central anterior and posterior capsule are removed, but enough peripheral capsule is left intact so that a secondary IOL placement may be implanted when the child is older.
An Investigation of Risk Management Plans in Intramural Sports Programs within Public Universities

This study surveyed 369 public four-year institutions in an effort to determine the preparedness of these organizations with regard to risk management and its effects on the operation a recreationa...
Transverse mode control in proton-implanted and oxide-confined VCSELs via patterned dielectric anti-phase filters

A novel method for controlling the transverse lasing modes in both proton implanted and oxide-confined vertical- cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with a multi-layer, patterned, dielectric anti-phase (DAP) filter is pre- sented. Using a simple photolithographic liftoff process, dielectric layers are deposited and patterned on individual VCSELs to modify (increase or decrease) the mirror reflectivity across the emission aperture via anti-phase reflections, creating spatially-dependent threshold material gain. The shape of the dielectric pattern can be tailored to overlap with specific transverse VCSEL modes or subsets of transverse modes to either facilitate or inhibit lasing by decreasing or increasing, respectively, the threshold modal gain. A silicon dioxide (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) anti-phase filter is used to achieve a single-fundamental-mode, continuous-wave output power greater than 4.0 mW in an oxide-confined VCSEL at a lasing wavelength of 850 nm. A filter consisting of SiO2 and TiO2 is used to facilitate injection-current-insensitive fundamental mode and lower order mode lasing in proton implanted VCSELs at a lasing wavelength of 850 nm. Higher refractive index dielectric materials such as amorphous silicon (a-Si) can be used to increase the effectiveness of the anti-phase filter on proton implanted devices by reducing the threshold modal gain of any spatially overlapping modes. This additive, non-destructive method allows for mode selection at any lasing wavelength and for any VCSEL layer structure without the need for semiconductor etching or epitaxial regrowth. It also offers the capability of designing a filter based upon available optical coating materials.
Comparing the Rates of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell–Inner Plexiform Layer Loss in Healthy Eyes and in Glaucoma Eyes

Purpose To compare the rates of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular retinal ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) change over time in healthy and glaucoma eyes. Design Cohort study. Methods The rates of circumpapillary RNFL and macular GCIPL loss in 28 healthy subjects and 97 glaucoma subjects from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS) were compared using mixed-effects models. Results The median follow-up time and number of visits were 1.7 years and 6 visits and 3.2 years and 7 visits for healthy and glaucoma eyes, respectively. Significant rates of loss of both global circumpapillary RNFL and average macular GCIPL thickness were detectable in early and moderate glaucoma eyes; in severe glaucoma eyes, rates of average macular GCIPL loss were significant, but rates of global circumpapillary RNFL loss were not. In glaucoma eyes, mean rates of global circumpapillary RNFL thickness change (−0.98 μm/year [95% confidence interval (CI), −1.20 to −0.76]) and normalized global circumpapillary RNFL change (−1.7%/year [95% CI, −2.1 to −1.3]) were significantly faster than average macular GCIPL change (−0.57 μm/year [(95% CI, −0.73 to −0.41]) and normalized macular GCIPL change (−1.3%/year [95% CI, −1.7 to −0.9]). The rates of global and inferior RNFL change were weakly correlated with global and inferior macular GCIPL change (r ranges from 0.16 to 0.23, all P Conclusions In this cohort, the rate of circumpapillary RNFL thickness change was faster than macular GCIPL change for glaucoma eyes. Global circumpapillary RNFL thickness loss was detectable in early and moderate glaucoma, and average macular GCIPL thickness loss was detectable in early, moderate, and severe glaucoma, suggesting that structural changes can be detected in severe glaucoma.
Evaluation of inflammatory cell biomarkers in chronic venous insufficiency.

ObjectiveInflammation has been implicated as a factor that may contribute to chronic venous insufficiency. The purpose of this study is to compare readily available inflammatory cell biomarkers, wi...
Antonin Scalia's Flawed Takings Legacy

This essay offers a generally negative appraisal of the significance of Justice Antonin Scalia’s work on the takings issue during his tenure on the Supreme Court. While Justice Scalia was a visible advocate for expanding the scope of regulatory takings doctrine, and his opinion for the Court in Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council represents an important precedent, the totality of Scalia’s takings work turned out to be relatively inconsequential. He only authored two majority opinions in takings cases during 30-plus years on the Court. No grand theory motivated his work on the issue, though he was surely sympathetic to the potential for the Takings Clause to constrain the permissible scope of government regulation. Scalia’s substantive contributions to takings jurisprudence are best understood as an effort to elaborate upon the two-part takings test articulated by Justice Lewis Powell in his 1980 opinion for the Court in Agins v. City of Tiburon. The first branch of this test, suggesting that a regulation denying economically viable use of property necessarily represents a taking, blossomed into the Lucas decision; though undeniably important, Lucas has turned out to have a relatively narrow scope. The second branch of the Agins test, suggesting that a regulation results in a taking if it fails to substantially advance a legitimate governmental interest, was repudiated by a unanimous Supreme Court, including Scalia himself, in the 2005 decision in Lingle v. Chevron USA Inc.
Variational principles for advection–diffusion problems

Abstract Variational principles for linear and semilinear advection–diffusion problems with velocity field given by potential flow are described and analyzed. Mixed Dirichlet and prescribed flux conditions are treated. Existence and uniqueness results are proved and equivalent integral operator equations are found. A positive multiplier function related to the potential of the flow is used to change the system to divergence form. The dependence of the solution on inhomogeneous flux boundary data is determined.
Bovine gallbladder muscularis: Source of a myogenic receptor for cholecystokinin

Despite being a classic target for the gastrointestinal peptide hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK), the gallbladder CCK receptor is not well characterized. Pharmacological studies of small species sugg...
Dibs on that Sexy Piece of Ass: Hegemonic Masculinity on TFM Girls Instagram Account:

The study examines how the TFM Girls Instagram account, along with its followers, shapes and maintains dominant discourses of masculinity. Mixed-method analyses revealed that women were depicted mo...
Wet purpura in Dengue fever

Dengue fever is an acute febrile viral illness associated with severe headache, myalgia, arthralgia, rashes, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. These patients can present with haemorrhagic manifestations. Wet purpura in oral mucosa occurs when there is a drastic fall in platelet counts; and can be taken as a sign of impending systemic haemorrhage. This is the case of a young male who was diagnosed to have Dengue fever. He developed severe thrombocytopenia and wet purpura, following which he had gastrointestinal bleed. Dengue fever presenting with wet purpura is a rare scenario.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(2) 2018 43-44
Insulo-Acinar Interactions

The possible functional principle behind the existence of endocrine islets has led to the postulate that their intrapancreatic dissemination is a parallel of the distribution of the Leydig cells in the testis (Ferner 1957), and that the islet vessels form an insulo-acinar portal system.
Cellular responses to nanoscale surface modifications of titanium implants for dentistry and bone tissue engineering applications

Abstract Modification of titanium (Ti) implant surfaces has been investigated over the last decade in order to provide improved osseointegration and to control bone healing around bone implants. Various surface modification methods including physical and chemical approaches have been used to create micro- and nanostructures onto the Ti implant surfaces. This chapter will briefly review some common techniques used to generate nanotopography on bone implants. Cellular responses such as improved cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation toward these modified surfaces will also be discussed. Owing to the structural similarity to natural bone, nanotopography created on Ti bone implant surfaces will lead the next generation of bone implants that possess high integration to the biological environment and promote better healing for dental and bone tissue engineering applications.