cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous ignition of low-concentration nano-sized Al-water slurry

Abstract Spontaneous ignition of a nano-sized aluminum (Al) particles-water slurry using a hot plate was investigated. The aluminum weight fractions were 17% and 27%. The hot plate temperatures ranged from 303 to 343 K. For all experimental conditions used, ignition was observed to occur at about 321 K and it was followed by a rapid temperature increase to above the boiling temperature of the water. Although the thermal runaway condition did not occur until the slurry reached a temperature of 321 K, it was able to react at a temperature as low as 303 K and develops sufficient heat for the slurry to reach the ignition condition. The ignition kinetic data were determined showing that E / R = 28619.66 (K) and k = 1.2644 × 10 37 K/s for the slurry containing 17% aluminum and, the value of k was about 2.398 × 10m 37 K/s for those having 27% aluminum by weight.
Ontogeny and Homeostasis of Adult Epithelial Skin Stem Cells

Mouse epithelial skin stem cells constitute an important model system for understanding the dynamics of stem cell emergence and behavior in an intact vertebrate tissue. Recent published work defined discrete populations of epithelial stem cells in the adult skin epithelium, which reside in the hair follicle bulge and germ, isthmus, sebaceous gland and inter-follicular epidermis. Adult epidermal and hair follicle stem cells seem to adopt mostly symmetric or unidirectional fate decisions of either one of two possible fates: (1) differentiate and be lost from the tissue or (2) expand symmetrically to self-renew. Asymmetric divisions appear to be mostly implicated in differentiation and stratification of the epidermis. While mechanisms of adult stem cell homeostasis begin to be unraveled, the embryonic origin of the adult epithelial skin stem cells is poorly understood. Recent studies reported Sox9, Lgr6, and Runx1 expression in subpopulations of cells in the embryonic hair placode. These subpopulations seem to act as precursors of different classes of adult epithelial stem cells. In particular, Runx1 regulates a Wnt-mediated cross-talk between the nascent adult-type hair follicle stem cells and their environment, which is essential for timely stem cell emergence, proper maturation, long-term differentiation potential, and maintenance. The new data begin to define the basic dynamics and regulatory pathways governing the ontogeny of adult epithelial stem cells.
Experimental and Numerical Studies of Tethered DNA Shear Dynamics in the Flow-Gradient Plane

We use a combination of theoretical predictions and λ-phage DNA single molecule fluorescence microscopy to study the behavior of polymers tethered to surfaces. Brownian dynamics simulations of a number of coarse-grained polymer models—dynamic and equilibrium Kratky−Porod chains as well as bead−spring chains—were completed and compared with analytical and experimental results. Experiments of tethered λ-phage DNA in shear flow are presented for the first time in the flow-gradient plane. Cyclic dynamics—where the polymer continuously diffuses away from the wall, subsequently undergoes stretch in the flow direction, is then “entropically pulled back” toward the wall, and finally recoils—were observed and quantified through correlations and power spectral densities.
An Overview of Mohs Micrographic Surgery for the Treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma

This article reviews Mohs micrographic surgery for basal cell carcinoma. Its evolution to the present day technique, indications, and limitations are discussed, along with future expectations for the procedure.
Biophotonics Modalities for High-Resolution Imaging of Microcirculatory Tissue Beds Using Endogenous Contrast: A Review on Present Scenario and Prospects

The microcirculation is a complex system, and the visualization of microcirculation has great significance in improving our understanding of pathophysiological processes in various disease conditions, in both clinical and fundamental studies. A range of techniques are available or emerging for investigating different aspect of the microcirculation in animals and humans. This paper reviews the recent developments in the field of high-resolution and high-sensitive optical imaging of microcirculatory tissue beds, emphasizing technologies that utilize the endogenous contrast mechanism. Optical imaging techniques such as intravital microscopy, Capillaroscopy, laser Doppler perfusion imaging, laser speckle perfusion imaging, polarization spectroscopy, photo-acoustic tomography, and various implementations of optical coherence tomography based on Doppler and speckle contrast imaging are presented together with their prospectives and challenges.
ENHANCEMENT OF OXYGEN TRANSPORT BY MYOGLOBIN.

Abstract 1. 1. The transport of oxygen through porous membranes filled with a solution of sea lion myoglobin has been studied by tracer technique, using oxygen-18, and by volumetric technique. 2. 2. The “steady state” transfer of oxygen through membranes suspended between two chambers of equal oxygen pressure but different oxygen-18 concentrations was greatly accelerated by myoglobin, being up to some fifteen times higher than in the control metmyoglobin solution. 3. 3. The net transport of oxygen was similarly enhanced when the oxygen pressure on one side of the membrane was zero, but the effect was abolished by back pressures of oxygen. 4. 4. The effects is analogous to that found in hemoglobin solutions and may be of physiological significance for oxygen transport in myoglobin-containing tissues.
Spectral Features of Photon Bubble Models of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources

The nature of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources — Xray sources which exceed the Eddington luminosity for a ∼ 10M ⊙ black hole — remains a mystery. One possible explanation is an inhomogeneous accretion disk around a solar mass black hole where photon transport through radiation-pressure dominated “photon bubbles” can lead to super- Eddington accretion. While previous studies of this model have focused primarily on its radiation-hydrodynamics aspects, here we explore some observational implications of such a model with a Monte Carlo-Fokker Planck radiation transport code.
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of Toxoplasma gondii expression datasets links cell cycle progression and the bradyzoite developmental program

Large amounts of microarray expression data have been generated for the Apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in an effort to identify genes critical for virulence or developmental transitions. However, researchers’ ability to analyze this data is limited by the large number of unannotated genes, including many that appear to be conserved hypothetical proteins restricted to Apicomplexa. Further, differential expression of individual genes is not always informative and often relies on investigators to draw big-picture inferences without the benefit of context. We hypothesized that customization of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to T. gondii would enable us to rigorously test whether groups of genes serving a common biological function are co-regulated during the developmental transition to the latent bradyzoite form. Using publicly available T. gondii expression microarray data, we created Toxoplasma gene sets related to bradyzoite differentiation, oocyst sporulation, and the cell cycle. We supplemented these with lists of genes derived from community annotation efforts that identified contents of the parasite-specific organelles, rhoptries, micronemes, dense granules, and the apicoplast. Finally, we created gene sets based on metabolic pathways annotated in the KEGG database and Gene Ontology terms associated with gene annotations available at http://www.toxodb.org . These gene sets were used to perform GSEA analysis using two sets of published T. gondii expression data that characterized T. gondii stress response and differentiation to the latent bradyzoite form. GSEA provides evidence that cell cycle regulation and bradyzoite differentiation are coupled. Δgcn5A mutants unable to induce bradyzoite-associated genes in response to alkaline stress have different patterns of cell cycle and bradyzoite gene expression from stressed wild-type parasites. Extracellular tachyzoites resemble a transitional state that differs in gene expression from both replicating intracellular tachyzoites and in vitro bradyzoites by expressing genes that are enriched in bradyzoites as well as genes that are associated with the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The gene sets we have created are readily modified to reflect ongoing research and will aid researchers’ ability to use a knowledge-based approach to data analysis facilitating the development of new insights into the intricate biology of Toxoplasma gondii.
Maternal obstructive sleep apnea and admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit

Introduction Snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness are classic symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This condition is associated with significant pathophysiologic sequelae, including intermittent hypoxemia and hypertension. Multiple factors present during pregnancy increase the risk for OSA, and the presence of OSA during pregnancy has been associated with untoward consequences to both the mother and fetus. We studied the impact of maternal OSA during pregnancy on a group of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Materials and methods Our study group consisted of postpartum mothers who had delivered an infant admitted to the NICU within the previous 24 h. Data was collected between 6/09 and 3/12. Mothers were randomly selected and they were asked to complete two standardized questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Snoring Symptoms Inventory) to identify symptoms of OSA, specifically excessive daytime sleepiness and snoring. Maternal data regarding age, race, health status, pregnancy, labor, and delivery and infant data regarding gestational age, birthweight, and Apgar scores were collected. Results We enrolled 115 mothers. Their mean age was 34 ± 5 years. Seventy percent were Caucasian, 18% Hispanic, 6% African American, and 5% Asian. Smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy were reported in 2%. Most deliveries were via elective c-section (42%), followed by NSVD (32%), and emergency c-section in 24%. The relationship between the ESS and the SSI was analyzed using a Pearson Correlation Statistic (r). A high correlation between the two measures was seen (r = 0.506; p 0.0001). The relationships among ESS totals and SSI totals and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. Elevated scores on the SSI were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, most significantly with preeclampsia. Lower infant Apgar scores were also noted. Conclusion Pregnant women who demonstrate excessive daytime sleepiness are more likely to have sleep disturbances associated with snoring. Elevated scores on the SSI are associated with adverse prenancy outcomes. We found symptoms of maternal OSA in a high percentage of infants requiring admission to a NICU. The potential for treatment of OSA using CPAP underscores the importance of early diagnosis in pregnant women. Acknowledgement NICU staff at The Valley Hospital for their support in completing this study.
Optimal design of structures with multiple design variables per group and multiple loading conditions on the personal computer

A finite element based programming system for minimum weight design of a truss-type structure subjected to displacement, stress, and lower and upper bounds on design variables is presented. The programming system consists of a number of independent processors, each performing a specific task. These processors, however, are interfaced through a well-organized data base, thus making the tasks of modifying, updating, or expanding the programming system much easier in a friendly environment provided by many inexpensive personal computers. The proposed software can be viewed as an important step in achieving a 'dummy' finite element for optimization. The programming system has been implemented on both large and small computers (such as VAX, CYBER, IBM-PC, and APPLE) although the focus is on the latter. Examples are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the code. The present programming system can be used stand-alone or as part of the multilevel decomposition procedure to obtain optimum design for very large scale structural systems. Furthermore, other related research areas such as developing optimization algorithms (or in the larger level: a structural synthesis program) for future trends in using parallel computers may also benefit from this study.
A model-based standardization approach that separates true bias/DIF from group ability differences and detects test bias/DTF as well as item bias/DIF

A model-based modification (SIBTEST) of the standardization index based upon a multidimensional IRT bias modeling approach is presented that detects and estimates DIF or item bias simultaneously for several items. A distinction between DIF and bias is proposed. SIBTEST detects bias/DIF without the usual Type 1 error inflation due to group target ability differences. In simulations, SIBTEST performs comparably to Mantel-Haenszel for the one item case. SIBTEST investigates bias/DIF for several items at the test score level (multiple item DIF called differential test functioning: DTF), thereby allowing the study of test bias/DIF, in particular bias/DIF amplification or cancellation and the cognitive bases for bias/DIF.
The Uncertain Fate of Evidentiary Transplants: Anglo-American and Continental Experiments

Inspiration for procedural reform is increasingly sought in the legal thesaurus of foreign countries. In their search for new solutions, lawyers are prone to focus almost exclusively on normative aspects of foreign arrangements, trying to ascertain whether they hold promise of advantages over domestic law. But this understandable deformation professionelle is not without its costs: the success of most procedural innovation depends less than lawyers like to think on the excellence of rules. More than in the private law domain, perhaps, the meaning and impact of procedural regulation turn on external conditions most directly on the institutional context in which justice is administered in a particular country.2 If imported rules are combined with native ones in disregard of this context, unintended consequences are likely to follow in living law. And while some of these consequences can turn out to be a pleasant surprise, others can be very disappointing. Those contemplating to combine common law and civil law approaches to factfinding should be especially sensitive to the potential costs of normative shortcuts to procedural reform; institutional differences between the two Western legal families capable of affecting the factfinding style are quite considerable. In criminal procedure, a few good lessons have already been learned about problems that arise when factfinding arrangements from one family are incorporated into the institutional milieu of the other. Here experience has shown how easily an imported evidentiary doctrine, or practice, alters its character in interaction with the new environment.3 Even textually identi-
Lev Manovich, Software Takes Command

In the conclusion to Software Takes Command, Manovich writes “any summary of a 100,000-word book of theoretical arguments can’t cover all important points” (p. 335). He is correct, of course, but this review will still collect as many important points as is feasible. Despite the range of topics addressed, Software Takes Command pursues two main goals: (1) generally, it reconsiders, refines, and extends the work of “software studies” called for by Manovich (2001) himself in The Language of New Media, and (2) specifically, the book tackles the question “what is media after software?” (p. 4). This central question is frequently restated, expanding into “what happens to the idea of a ‘medium’ after previously media-specific tools have been simulated and extended in software?” (p. 4), or becoming an examination of “what it means to create media with software” (p. 340). These specific formulations reinforce the book’s concern with a humanist reading of media rather than a purely formal description. While there is much formalism in Software Takes Command, and Manovich approaches many of his case studies by first proposing a conceptual taxonomy, this formalism is always intended to resolve out to what people do with and think about software. As Manovich puts it:
An illustrated catalogue of the South American species of the cyphophthalmid family Neogoveidae (Arthropoda, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) with a report on 37 undescribed species

We provide an illustrated catalog of the cyphophthalmid diversity of the Neotropics, including photographs of the holotypes and paratypes (when available) for all but one described South American Neogoveidae. These include the single species of Huitaca, two of the three Metagovea species, the four Neogovea species and ? Gen. enigmaticus. Furthermore we provide collecting data for 37 undescribed species of south American Neogoveidae, including Huitaca (8 spp.), Neogovea (12 spp.) and Metagovea (17 spp.). Distributional data of the species of Neogoveidae add the first records for French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. Colombia shows the largest diversity of Cyphophthalmi among South American countries, perhaps due to the large amount of ecosystems found in this country, but this could also reflect sampling effort.
Resource placement in torus-based networks

This paper investigates methods to locate system resources, such as expensive hardware or software modules, to provide the most effective cost/performance tradeoffs in a torus parallel machine. This paper contains some solutions to perfect distance-t and perfect/quasi-perfect j-adjacency placement in a /spl kappa/-ary n-cube and a torus using Lee (1958) distance error-correcting codes.
Every Shot Counts: Rallying Around Traditional Practice Strategies

T ennis is a sport that promotes physical activity for a lifetime. Individuals of practically all ages can benefit from recreational and/or competitive play. Although playing tennis provides many w...
Object permanence and method of disappearance: looking measures further contradict reaching measures.

Piaget proposed that understanding permanency, understanding occlusion events, and forming mental representations were synonymous; however, accumulating evidence indicates that those concepts are not unified in development. Infants reach for endarkened objects at younger ages than for occluded objects, and infants’ looking patterns suggest that they expect occluded objects to reappear at younger ages than they reach for them. We reaffirm the latter finding in 5- to 6-month-olds and find similar responses to faded objects, but we fail to find that pattern in response to endarkened objects. This suggests that looking behavior and reaching behavior are both sensitive to method of disappearance, but with opposite effects. Current cognitionoriented (i.e. representation-oriented) explanations of looking behavior cannot easily accommodate these results; neither can perceptual-preference explanations, nor the traditional ecological reinterpretations of object permanence. A revised ecological hypothesis, invoking affordance learning, suggests how these differences could arise developmentally.
New Treatment Strategies for Malignant Gliomas

Although survival in patients with malignant gliomas remains limited, there is renewed optimism with the emergence of novel treatment strategies. Cytotoxic agents such as temozolomide and CPT-11 have shown promising clinical activity. Biological treatments for brain tumors, including antisense oligonucleotides, gene therapy, and angiogenesis inhibitors, are also being evaluated in clinical trials. Delivery strategies have been developed to overcome challenges presented by the blood-brain barrier. These noteworthy treatments, alone or in combination, may ultimately prolong survival and enhance quality of life in this group of patients.
Metabolic Syndrome and Weight Gain in Adulthood

Background. The infl uence of long-term adult weight history on metabolic risk independent of attained body mass index (BMI) is unknown. Methods. Using nationally representative data on adults aged 50 – 64 years from the 1999 – 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, we examined weight change for two periods of adulthood: prime age (age 25 – 10 years ago) and midlife (the last 10 years). Weight changes in each period were categorized as stable (gain <10 kg) or gain (gain ≥ 10 kg) to create weight history comparison groups: stable-stable, gain-stable (prime age gain), stable-gain (midlife gain), and gain-gain (continuous gain). Persons who lost weight were excluded. Logistic regression predicted odds of metabolic syndrome and its subcomponents based on weight history, adjusting for current BMI and covariates. Results. Participants in the gain-stable group had 89% elevated odds of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.19 – 3.01) relative to the stable-stable group, even after adjustment for current BMI. All weight gain groups had increased odds of low HDL and high triglycerides relative to participants with continuously stable weights. No signifi cant associations were found between weight history and hypertension or high glucose.
Athletics reform and faculty perceptions

Recent reform initiatives have offered ideas for improving academic and financial oversight, but the ideas do not always conform to faculty perceptions and opinions.
Abnormal Agitated Saline Study Results after Tetralogy of Fallot Repair

Residual intracardiac or extracardiac shunting is frequently seen in patients with repaired congenital heart disease and can cause systemic hypoxemia. We present the case of an adult with tetralogy of Fallot who underwent two corrective surgical procedures as a child with subsequent pulmonary valve replacement due to residual pulmonary insufficiency. Further details of her operative history were otherwise unknown. After being lost to follow-up for many years, she presented with unexplained cyanosis and a markedly abnormal agitated saline study on transthoracic echocardiography in which only the left heart filled after contrast administration. We review the differential diagnosis for such a presentation and discuss the utility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to define the etiology. Cardiac MRI, a frequently used imaging modality to longitudinally assess adult patients with congenital heart disease, provides excellent image quality of cardiac structures and the ability to perform angiography in a variety of imaging planes. These advantages render cardiac MRI, a useful modality to determine the etiology of unexplained cyanosis in these patients as both intracardiac and extracardiac shunts can be detected.
Rainfall and Runoff

Rainfall is generated by multiple weather patterns, summarized into frontal, orographic, and convective, that affect the duration and intensity of storm accumulation. Climate data analyses reveal regional and local trends in the seasonal and annual rainfall patterns of duration and intensity and have been reported in map and tabular form for durations of 5 minutes to 24 hours and a variety of return periods in Technical Papers 40 and 49 by the U.S. Weather Bureau and in HYDRO-35 by the National Weather Service. A large variation in rainfall spatial and temporal duration and intensity has been observed for large and small area, long and short time events, and a combined system of drop-size spectrometers, recording rain gauges, and microwave radar have helped to capture this detail nationally at the resolution of 5 minutely volume scans for 1 km2 bins, aggregated to rain-gauge-corrected hourly totals at 4 km2 bins. Internal warm and cold cloud precipitation dynamics, low-level evaporation of falling precipitation, and distinction between rain, sleet, freezing rain, and snow still provide technological challenges. Time series plots of rainfall are referred to as hyetographs, maps of equal rainfall amounts are known as isopleths, and National Weather Service NEXRAD Doppler radar gauge-corrected hourly 4 km2 grid based rainfall maps are known as Stage III products. The spatial aggregation of rainfall point estimates from rain gauges is performed using surface fitting, weighting, and interpolation schemes, including the method of Thiessen polygons. Keywords: intensity; duration; frequency; variable source area; runoff ratio; NEXRAD; water year
Poor semen quality from patients with malignancies does not rule out sperm banking

Cancer therapy can further impair the already poor semen quality in cancer patients. This study evaluated the prefreeze and postthaw semen quality before treatment of patients with malignancies to examine the rationale for sperm banking for these men. Records of nine patients with different malignant tumors, who had been referred for sperm cryopreservation between 1982 and 1997, were reviewed and the results were compared with those of 50 normal healthy donors. Patients did not differ from donors in age, ejaculate volume, or duration of sexual abstinence. The total motile sperm count (median and interquartile range) was significantly different between patients and donors for prefreeze specimens (P=0.026) and postthaw specimens (P=0.008). Also, the percent motility was significantly lower in the patients as compared with the donors in prefreeze (P=0.035) and postthaw specimens (P=0.005). The percentage change in motility after thawing was also larger for patient samples (−54% versus −47%,P=0.39). Other sperm motion characteristics did not significantly differ between the two groups except for postthaw curvilinear velocity (P=0.01). This study concludes that fresh and frozen–thawed semen from patients with malignant tumors is poor in quality but is still adequate for assisted reproductive techniques. As cancer therapy may further impair semen quality, patients should be offered the chance to bank sperm before undergoing cancer therapy.
Pulmonary valve replacement improves but does not normalize right ventricular mechanics in repaired congenital heart disease: a comparative assessment using velocity vector imaging.

Background This study evaluated regional right ventricular (RV) mechanics before and after pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) by ultrasonic speckle tracking technology using velocity vector imaging (VVI). Methods Fifty-eight patients who underwent PVR (May 1999 to August 2007) were included. Two-dimensional Doppler indices included qualitative pulmonary incompetence, RV outflow tract peak gradient, RV systolic pressure estimate, indexed RV area, and fractional area change; VVI regional indices included peak systolic and diastolic velocities, peak systolic strain, maximal longitudinal displacement, and times to peak measure from 6 RV segments. Results PVR was performed at a median age of 12.1 years with echocardiographic analysis at median intervals of 2.8 months before and 30 months after PVR. Peak velocities and displacement increased in all 6 RV segments after PVR; peak systolic strain did not improve consistently. All indices remained significantly lower compared with normal values. There was a significant decrease in the degree of pulmonary incompetence, RV outflow tract gradient, RV systolic pressure, and indexed RV area (23.5 vs. 17.8 cm 2 /m 2 ), but no significant change in the percentage of fractional area change (28.8% vs. 29.6%). Conclusion Regional RV mechanics using VVI in a relatively young cohort shows mild improvement after PVR, but the RV is not normalized despite physiologic improvement in loading conditions. This suggests intrinsic dysfunction or chronic myocardial injury that is nonmodifiable or requires earlier intervention to optimize physiology. VVI appears to be a potentially useful quantitative tool for follow-up evaluation of RV performance after congenital heart disease surgery.
The Academic Bookshelf

Psychology of Learning for Instruction, 2nd edition: by Marcy Perkins Driscoll The Art of Changing the Brain: Enriching the Practice of Teaching by Exploring the Biology of Learning: by James E. Zull
Charting the course of renal cryoinjury

We sought to characterize a minor renal cryoinjury that allows investigation into renal damage processes and subsequent endogenous repair mechanisms. To achieve this, we induced a small cryoinjury to mice, in which the transient superficial application of a liquid nitrogen-cooled cryoprobe to the exposed kidney induces a localized lesion that did not impair renal function. The resulting cryoinjury was examined by immunohistochemistry and Laser-Doppler flowmetry. Within hours of cryoinjury induction, tubular and vascular necrotic damage was observed, while blood flow in the directly injured area was reduced by 65%. The injured area demonstrated a peak in tubular and perivascular cell proliferation at 4 days postinjury, while apoptosis and fibrosis peaked at day 7. Infiltration of macrophages into the injury was first observed at day 4, and peaked at day 7. Vascular density in the direct injured area was lowest at day 7. As compared to the direct injured area, the (peripheral) penumbral region surrounding the directly injured area demonstrated enhanced cellular proliferation (2.5–6-fold greater), vascular density (1.6–2.9 fold greater) and blood perfusion (twofold greater). After 4 weeks, the area of damage was reduced by 73%, fibrosis decreased by 50% and blood flow in the direct injured area was reestablished by 63% with almost complete perfusion restoration in the injury’s penumbral region. In conclusion, kidney cryoinjury provides a flexible facile model for the study of renal damage and associated endogenous repair processes.
Movements and Mating Behavior of Adult Male Midget Faded Rattlesnakes, Crotalus oreganus concolor, in Wyoming

Abstract Movement behavior and timing of mating vary between populations of snakes. Here I present data on movement and mating behaviors of adult male Crotalus oreganus concolor in southwestern Wyoming and compare the results to other populations. Male C. o. concolor make short, infrequent movements. I found no evidence of migratory behavior or shifts in areas used during the monitoring period. Mating behavior was limited to 5–17 July, shorter in duration than for any other population of C. oreganus. Male snakes located and courted females prior to shedding of the females; however the only successful copulation was between a pair that had recently shed. One instance of male-male combat was observed, during which the larger male displaced the smaller male.
Diagnosis and Management of a Prolapsing Intravesical Ureterocele in a Man.

Abstract Given the low incidence and delayed diagnosis, ureterocele management in the adult population is poorly described in the literature. Moreover, there is only one case report characterizing the condition with prolapse in an adult male. Approaches to therapy include transurethral incision or puncture with or without a combined percutaneous approach, and excision with or without partial nephrectomy for a duplicated system with a nonfunctioning upper pole moiety. We present a case of prolapsed, single intravesical ureterocele in a man presenting with hematuria and lower urinary-tract symptoms. A 54-year-old man with no significant medical history presents with increasing nocturia and urinary hesitancy. The development of gross hematuria prompted urologic evaluation. On imaging, the patient was found to have 4.3 × 3.3 cm bladder mass consistent with a prolapsed ureterocele that was managed by transurethral excision with a cutting loop. Postoperatively, the patient's symptoms resolved completely without...
For Responsible Negotiation Meetings: Concocting a Vaccine Against Meetingitis

A workday is often summarized as a succession of meetings, much too numerous and often unproductive! This frustration that can affect many negotiations is nicknamed “meetingitis.” This text concocts a vaccine against this disease of our time. A three-step approach aims at more responsible use of meeting times from the introduction to the conclusion, via the main body of the meeting. The prologue or introduction of the meeting focuses on people and process, building connection with the participants and structuring the meeting itself. The dialogue, the central part of the meeting, is devoted to problem solving: identification of issues to address, invention of solutions, evaluation of them before making a decision. The epilogue or conclusion addresses the process of next steps for proper implementation and finishes by a reconnection to the people. In brief, the meeting script is “people and process first, problems next, and finally process and people.”
Case 59: Infusion of Cold Blood. Should We Worry?

A 2½-year-old boy is admitted to a university hospital for wound debridement, dressing change, and skin graft. Two weeks earlier, he had sustained a 14 % total body surface burn. At the other hospital, the child had undergone several uneventful general anesthetics for wound dressing. He is otherwise healthy and the physical exam reveals no abnormalities. His hematocrit (Hct) is 22 % and his platelets count is normal.
Copahue volcano and its regional magmatic setting

Copahue volcano (Province of Neuquen, Argentina) has produced lavas and strombolian deposits over several 100,000s of years, building a rounded volcano with a 3 km elevation. The products are mainly basaltic andesites, with the 2000–2012 eruptive products the most mafic. The geochemistry of Copahue products is compared with those of the main Andes arc (Llaima, Callaqui, Tolhuaca), the older Caviahue volcano directly east of Copahue, and the back arc volcanics of the Loncopue graben. The Caviahue rocks resemble the main Andes arc suite, whereas the Copahue rocks are characterized by lower Fe and Ti contents and higher incompatible element concentrations. The rocks have negative Nb-Ta anomalies, modest enrichments in radiogenic Sr and Pb isotope ratios and slightly depleted Nd isotope ratios. The combined trace element and isotopic data indicate that Copahue magmas formed in a relatively dry mantle environment, with melting of a subducted sediment residue. The back arc basalts show a wide variation in isotopic composition, have similar water contents as the Copahue magmas and show evidence for a subducted sedimentary component in their source regions. The low 206Pb/204Pb of some backarc lava flows suggests the presence of a second endmember with an EM1 flavor in its source. The overall magma genesis is explained within the context of a subducted slab with sediment that gradually looses water, water-mobile elements, and then switches to sediment melt extracts deeper down in the subduction zone. With the change in element extraction mechanism with depth comes a depletion and fractionation of the subducted complex that is reflected in the isotope and trace element signatures of the products from the main arc to Copahue to the back arc basalts.
NVP-BEZ-235 enhances radiosensitization via blockade of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Introduction: Most drug resistant cancer cells also develop resistance to radiation therapy. In this study, we hypothesized that the dual inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin, NVP-BEZ-235, could potentially enhance radiosensitization in cisplatin-resistance (CDDP-R) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by disabling autophagy as a mechanism of self-preservation. Methods: We used both in vitro and in vivo approaches, including clonogenic assays, Western blotting, molecular analyses of autophagy and apoptosis, a xenograft model of tumor growth, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Basal p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-S6R proteins were enhanced in CDDP-R NSCLC cells. CDDP-R-resistant NSCLC cells are less radiation sensitive in comparison to parental cells (DER=0.82, p=0.02); BEZ-235 enhanced the radiosensitivity (DER=1.2, p=0.01). In addition, combining BEZ-235/RT showed a dramatic tumor growth delay in a mouse xenograft model. Immunohistochemistry showed that combination therapy yielded 50% decrease in caspase-3 activity. Moreover, cell proliferation was reduced by 87.8% and vascular density by 86.1%. These results were associated with a downregulation of PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway and an increase in autophagy. Conclusions: These findings may be utilized as a novel strategy to enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy in drug-selected non-small cell lung cancer exhibiting radioresistance.
Effect of Thickness of Ion Beam Deposited Molybdenum Trioxide Thin Films on Gas Sensing Properties

This paper documents the study of thickness effects of ion beam deposited molybdenum trioxide thin films on their gas sensing properties. For processing the films, the primary plasma beam source was used to sputter material from the target, while the secondary beam was used as an ion assist source. The deposited material was annealed at 500°C for 8 hours. The microstructural characterization of the films was done using Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Sensing tests were performed in the temperature range of 350–500°C under varying and constant concentration levels of ammonia. The recorded data have been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and significant trends according to different parameters (thickness, sensing temperature, gas concentration) have been identified. These suggest a relation existing between processing conditions, the microstructure of the material and its response to gases at different concentration, and the optimum working temperature regime.
Understanding the Improved Stability of Hybrid Polymer Solar Cells Fabricated with Copper Electrodes

It is known that atmospheric oxygen is essential for realizing the photovoltaic properties of P3HT−TiO2-based hybrid polymer solar cells because oxygen vacancies created in TiO2 can become recombination sites for charge carriers, causing photovoltaic properties like open-circuit voltage (Voc) to decline quickly in an inert atmosphere. We demonstrate here that using an annealed Cu layer as hole collecting electrode results in a remarkably stable hybrid solar cell that maintains its photovoltaic parameters during 1 h of continuous testing in an inert atmosphere. An analysis of the data from photovoltaic device performance tests and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) attributes this improvement to the tendency of Cu to form sulfide-like complexes with the S atoms on P3HT, thereby inducing a chemically driven vertical segregation of P3HT toward the hole-collecting metal electrode. Additionally, XPS depth profiling analysis shows that Cu atoms can diffuse up to the TiO2 layer and assist in filling up oxyge...
Paradoxical Effects of Cyclosporine on Concanavalin A-Induced Blastogenesis

AbstractThe effects of increasing in vitro cyclosporine concentrations (0, 50 100 or 200ng./ml.) on lymphocyte blastogenesis, measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine and induced by varying levels of concanavalin A (0. 0.25, 1.0 or 5.0ng./ml.), were studied in regard to mean serum level of cyclosporine in 26 renal allograft recipients. Results were compared to similar data obtained in healthy controls. Patients were divided into group 1 (13 patients, mean serum cyclosporine trough level less than 150ng./ml.) and group 2 (13 patients, cyclosporine level greater than 150ng./ml.). With no cyclosporine added to the assay proliferation of lymphocytes obtained from all patients inversely correlated to the mean serum trough cyclosporine level at all stimulatory levels of concanavalin A (0.25ng./ml., p <0.01; 1.0ng./ml., p <0.001 and 5.0ng./ml., p <0.001) and was significantly lower than in controls (p <0.0002). Whereas increasing in vitro cyclosporine concentrations has produced the expected increase in ...
Platelet deposition after surgically induced myocardial ischemia: An etiologic factor for reperfusion injury

Despite meticulous adherence to presently known principles of myocardial preservation, reperfusion after aortic cross-clamping results in a unique injury manifested by decreasing high-energy phosphate levels and increased coronary resistance. We hypothesize that platelet deposition into the coronary microvasculature is a major factor in reperfusion injury. To differentiate platelet deposition due to subendocardial hemorrhage from deposition due to vascular entrapment, we infused 111In-labeled platelets together with 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes into 15 dogs that were on normothermic bypass and subjected to 60 minutes of global ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Platelet deposition is indicated only when the proportion of platelets to erythrocytes in tissue exceeds that measured by peripheral blood. Myocardial biopsy specimens were obtained after 10 minutes of bypass, 120 minutes of continuous bypass (Group I), and at the end of reperfusion after global ischemia (Group II). In five dogs (Group III), dipyridamole (1 mg/kg), an antiplatelet activation agent, was administered in the preischemic period. Platelet deposition was expressed as the number of radioactive-labeled platelets deposited per gram of tissue. Bypass for 120 minutes resulted in only a minimal increase in platelet deposition. However, normothermic ischemia followed by reperfusion resulted in over a twofold increase in platelet deposition compared to controls. Pretreatment with dipyridamole appeared to avoid platelet deposition. These data indicate that platelet deposition in the coronary microcirculation following surgically induced myocardial ischemia may be associated with reperfusion injury and that antiplatelet drugs alter this sequence.
Metabolic regulation in peripheral tissues and transition to increased gluconeogenic mode during prolonged exercise.

To assess the means by which peripheral metabolism facilitates the transition to a gluconeogenic state, dogs were studied during 150 min of moderate treadmill exercise. Metabolism in the working hi...
Software Modeling and Design: Overview of the UML Notation

The notation used for the COMET method is the Unified Modeling Language (UML). This chapter provides a brief overview of the UML notation. The UML notation has evolved since it was first adopted as a standard in 1997. A major revision to the standard was made in 2003, so the current version of the standard is UML 2. The previous versions of the standard are referred to as UML 1.x. The UML notation has grown substantially over the years, and it supports many diagrams. The approach taken in this book is the same as Fowler's (2004), which is to use only those parts of the UML notation that provide a distinct benefit. This chapter describes the main features of the UML notation that are particularly suited to the COMET method. The purpose of this chapter is not to be a full exposition of UML, because several detailed books exist on this topic, but rather to provide a brief overview. The main features of each of the UML diagrams used in this book are briefly described, but lesser-used features are omitted. The differences between UML 2 notation and UML 1.x notation are also briefly explained. UML DIAGRAMS The UML notation supports the following diagrams for application development: Use case diagram , briefly described in Section 2.2. Class diagram , briefly described in Section 2.4. Object diagram (an instance version of the class diagram), which is not used by COMET. Communication diagram , which in UML 1.x was called the collaboration diagram , briefly described in Section 2.5.1. […]
Gathering the Potawatomi Nation: Revitalization and Identity . By Christopher Wetzel.

Gathering the Potawatomi Nation: Revitalization and Identity . By Christopher Wetzel. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2015. xiii + 196 pp. Illustrations, maps, charts, tables, notes, bibliography, index. $29.95.) Seeking to answer questions about making memory, making identities, and making social change in the aptly titled Gathering the Potawatomi Nation , Stonehill College (Massachusetts) sociologist Christopher Wetzel provides a mixed methods analysis of an ongoing annual event, the Potawatomi Gathering of Nations. Wetzel organizes his narrative in two parts, “Roots of the Nation” and “Routes to the Nation.” Ultimately, Wetzel’s goal is twofold: to explain why and how nine communities of Potawatomi living in four states and two countries experienced a national revitalization in the 1980s and now take … d.anthony.clark{at}asu.edu
3D Printing Preforms for Fiber Drawing and Structured Functional Particle Production

Using our recently developed in-fiber technique for generating particles, we use 3D printing to generate preforms for fiber drawing. We fabricate particles with optical and magnetic dopants confined to specific compartments in the particle.
Case V: Tumor 1

A 26-year-old female presents with a tender mass in the left leg. She has noticed the mass for years; it has been slowly growing but is now more tender to the touch. She has a history of multiple craniotomies for tumor resections as well as multiple surgeries on her upper and lower extremities for tumor resections. Her father and her child have similar problems. She has residual hearing loss for which she has a cochlear implant, left facial palsy, left wrist drop, and left foot drop. She communicates by sign language.
Fuzzy-inspired hierarchical version of the von Neumann-Morgenstern solutions as a natural way to resolve collaboration-related conflicts

In situations when several participants collaborate with each other, it is desirable to come up with a fair way to divide the resulting gain between the participants. Such a fair way was proposed by John von Neumann and Oscar Morgenstern, fathers of the modern game theory. However, in some situations, the von Neumann-Morgenstern solution does not exist. To cover such situations, we propose to use a fuzzy-inspired hierarchical version of the von Neumann-Morgenstern (NM) solution. We prove that, in contrast to the original NM solution, the hierarchical version always exists.
The Device Capability Dataset: A Descriptive Approach to Laboratory Automation System Integration Standards

A Device Capability Dataset (DCD) describes the idiosyncratic characteristics of laboratory equipment, such as the equipment's identity, physical dimensions, location, supported command set, genera...
Validation of a Bayesian-based method for defining residential archetypes in urban building energy models

Abstract Urban Building Energy Modeling (UBEM) is an emerging method for exploring energy efficiency solutions at urban or district scales. More versatile than statistical models, physical bottom-up UBEMs allow planners to quantitatively assess retrofit strategies and energy supply options, leading to more effective policies and management of energy demand. The most common approach for formulating an UBEM involves segmenting a building stock into archetypes, characterizing each type, and validating the model by comparing its output to aggregated measured energy consumption. This paper presents a more detailed methodology for setting up UBEMs while faced with incomplete information about the buildings. The procedure calls for defining unknown or uncertain parameters in archetype descriptions as probability distributions and, if available, using measured energy data to update these distributions by Bayesian calibration. The methodology is validated on residential houses in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Distributions for uncertain parameters are initially generated using a training set of 399 homes with monthly electricity and gas consumption records and then applied to a larger test set of 2263 homes. The procedure is applied both for monthly and annual metered energy usage data. Results show that both annual and monthly Bayesian calibration lead to significantly better annual energy use intensity (EUI) fits compared to traditional deterministic archetype definitions. As expected, an UBEM calibrated with monthly metered data more truthfully mimics monthly EUI distributions than one based on annual data, revealing the benefit of calibrating UBEMs using the smallest measurement time step available.