cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Characterization of Hydrogen Bonding in Poly(urethane−rotaxane)s

The hydrogen-bonding interactions in a series of poly(urethane−rotaxane)s were studied by infrared spectroscopy. Spectroscopic data along with a one-dimensional mean-field model was used to calculate the enthalpy of hydrogen bond formation involving a polyurethane N-H moiety and an ether oxygen atom located in a macrocycle threaded along the polyurethane backbone. The average enthalpy of hydrogen bonding was estimated at 3.0 kcal/mol.
Philosophy and Porous Imagination: Between Coral Reefs

abstractDiving into the life of the Ropical coral reefs and Amadou Hampâte Ba’s reflections on the person conjoin in this work, which is at once philosophical and poetic. The permeable parameters of philosophy, which enable thought to hover between unstable contours rather than to prioritize secure foundations, open to a porous imagination, Racing and reRacing panoramic geographies and contemporary tensions of globalization and development.Porous imagination slips, glides, between archipelagos of clay rooftops and refuge dotting the Sudan and the smallest of creatures, source of half the earth’s oxygen and base of the global food chain, the plankton. Concomitantly, ideational codes of nation, continent, humanity, nature, land and water interactively sRetch and unwind, shaping a polymeRics of sites and an aesthetics of nourishment.In an epoch beset by the Reacherous fractals of overpowering domination and luminous liberation, the morphosis of philosophy through Ransdisciplinary and Ranscultural interpretat...
Agroforestry: a profitable land use. An overview of the 12th North American Agroforestry Conference

This special issue features papers contributed by presenters at the 12th North American Agroforestry Conference held June 4–9, 2011 in Athens, Georgia, USA. The conference brought together agroforestry researchers, educators, practitioners, and students to highlight agroforestry research, implementation, policy, education, and entrepreneurial opportunities across North America. Eight papers cover topics ranging from adoption of silvopastoral systems across eco-regions and countries; economics of pine straw production; and timber and alley crop production in the Southeastern U.S.; reduction of sublimation of snow with shelterbelts in Canada, carbon offset incentives for agroforestry practices; consumer and market dynamics for chestnut and elderberry specialty crops; and web-based graduate degree and certificate programs in agroforestry.
Metal−Hydrogen Bond Dissociation Enthalpies in Series of Complexes of Eight Different Transition Metals†

Homolytic M−H bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) of the mononuclear cationic metal hydride complexes HMLn+, where MLn = Cr(CO)2(dppm)2, Mo(CO)2(L−L)2, W(CO)3(PR3)3, W(CO)2(dppm)2, W(CO)3(tripod), W(CO)3(triphos), Cp*Re(CO)2(PR3), Fe(CO)3(PR3)2, Fe(CO)3(L−L), Cp*2Ru, CpRu(PMe3)2I, CpRu(L−L)H, CpRu(PPh3)2H, Cp*2Os, CpOs(PR3)2Br, CpOs(PPh3)2Cl, CpOs(PPh3)2H, CpIr(CO)(PR3), CpIr(CS)(PPh3), (C5MenH5-n)Ir(COD), Cp*Ir(CO)(PR3), and Cp*Ir(CO)2, have been estimated by use of a thermochemical cycle that requires a knowledge of the heats of protonation (ΔHHM) and redox potentials (E1/2) for the oxidation of the neutral metal complexes (MLn). Excellent correlations were found between −ΔHHM and E1/2 within related series of complexes. The BDE values obtained by this method fall in the range 56−75 kcal/mol. For related complexes of a given metal, the energy required for homolytic M−H bond cleavage (BDE) increases linearly as −ΔHHM for heterolytic M-H bond cleavage increases. For analogous complexes with different meta...
Kinetics of CuEtX film formation on copper piezoelectrodes

Abstract The interactions of ethylxanthate ions (EtX−) with copper electrodes were investigated using voltammetric, potential step, and nanogravimetric techniques. It has been found that chemisorption of EtX− ions on copper is followed by a multi-layer CuEtX film growth at sufficiently positive potentials. The growth mechanism of the anodic films has been elucidated and a kinetic equation proposed. The increasing irreversibility of the film formation/reduction processes has been found for films with thicknesses increasing from 2 to 10 monolayers (ML). The analysis of the phenomenological kinetic equation shows that a relatively large loss of the potential driving force, ca. 27 mV ML−1, strongly inhibits the CuEtX film growth at increasing film thickness. The electroreduction of thicker CuEtX films is also strongly retarded and the electrodissolution rates approach 0.42 ng cm−2 s−1 at E=−700 mV versus SCE. At high cathodic overpotentials (E=−1200 mV), a dielectric breakdown of the film with instantaneous and complete film removal was observed. The film disintegration was manifested by a positive spike on the apparent mass transients. The implications of the appearance of apparent mass spikes in dynamic film conversions have been discussed and the use of an electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance as a diagnostic tool in studies of film dynamics proposed.
The Effect of Study Methodology on Reported Success Rates of the Modified Pereyra Bladder Neck Suspension

AbstractPurpose: We compared surgical results in a cohort of women after modified Pereyra bladder neck suspension using questionnaire based outcomes analysis versus a retrospective chart review.Materials and Methods: Of 151 patients who underwent modified Pereyra bladder neck suspension 102 had complete questionnaire and chart data for review. Mean patient age was 56 years and followup was 25 months.Results: According to outcomes analysis 48 patients (47.1 percent) were cured and in 65 (64 percent) stress urinary incontinence improved compared to 74 (72 percent) cured and 89 (89 percent) improved by retrospective review. Of the 102 chart review patients 10 (9 percent) reported daily pad use compared to 55 of the 102 (53 percent) in the questionnaire study.Conclusions: This study controls for patient selection, definition of cure and length of followup, and demonstrates that study methodology profoundly affects reported outcomes for the modified Pereyra bladder neck suspension.
Structures produced by rapid quench; a solvable model

Abstract The specialization of the one-dimensional Ising model employed by Glauber to achieve an analytical solution for its isothermal kinetics is extended to the case when temperature is changing with time. An analytical solution is obtained even for this case and for any dependence of temperature on time. The results are then used to study the “structures” which are “quenched-in” by a given cooling program. Certain features of the result are used to draw conclusions about the structures of simple real liquids (e.g. liquid metals) quenched to the glassy state. Certain general features are noted, giving support to the idea (presently in vogue) that structural properties exist within certain groups of quenched materials which are somewhat independent of the cooling program.
Structural principles in network glasses

Substantial progress in decoding the structure of network glasses has taken place in the past few years. Diffraction methods /i/, vibrational spectroscopy /2/ and more recently a variety of Hyperfine Interaction methods like NMR /3/, NQR /4/ and Mossbauer spectroscopy /5/ have served as powerful experimental probes of glass structure. Crucial insights /6/ into the molecular structure of glasses have emerged by application of Raman bond and Mossbauer site spectroscopy. In this context, the complimentary role of each spectroscopy as a check on the interpretation of the other, is perhaps one of the more significant developments in the field. New advances /7/ in the theory of the subject have also taken place. It is thus appropriate to inquire what general principles if any, have emerged on the structure of real glasses? We review some of the principal ideas on the structure of inorganic network glasses with the aid of specific examples.
Perceived discrimination and substance use among Latino adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To examine perceived discrimination and substance use among Latino high school students. METHODS: Latino 9(th) graders (N = 1332) completed self-report measures of perceived discrimination and substance use behavior. RESULTS: Perceived discrimination was associated with lifetime use measures of smoking (OR = 1.73, P < 0.01), alcohol (OR = 1.53, P < 0.01), marijuana (OR = 1.70, P < 0.01), and inhalants (OR = 1.50, P < 0.05); and past 30 day measures of smoking (OR = 2.54, P < 0.01), alcohol (OR = 1.63, P < 0.01), marijuana (OR = 1.95, P < 0.01), and inhalants (OR = 1.64, P < 0.01), and binge drinking (OR = 1.84, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Latino adolescents who have higher perceptions of discrimination are at risk for substance use. Interventions to help Latino adolescents cope with feelings of discrimination may be a useful addition to substance use prevention programs.
Mispredicting distress following romantic breakup: Revealing the time course of the affective forecasting error

People evidence significant inaccuracies when predicting their response to many emotional life events. One unanswered question is whether such affective forecasting errors are due to participants’ poor estimation of their initial emotional reactions (an initial intensity bias), poor estimation of the rate at which these emotional reactions diminish over time (a decay bias), or both. The present research used intensive longitudinal procedures to explore this question in the wake of an upsetting life event: the dissolution of a romantic relationship. Results revealed that the affective forecasting error is entirely accounted for by an initial intensity bias, with no contribution by a decay bias. In addition, several moderators of the affective forecasting error emerged: participants who were more in love with their partners, who thought it was unlikely they would soon enter a new relationship, and who played less of a role in initiating the breakup made especially inaccurate forecasts.
Care of the Child Supported on High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation

High frequency oscillatory ventilation is a new mode of ventilatory support of acute respiratory failure in the pediatric population. Delineating the nursing care required of this fragile group of infants and children is challenging, because there is a paucity of published data and national clinical experience. The author reviews a management plan that was used to guide the care of over 40 patients, ranging in age from 1 months to 24 years, with acute respiratory failure supported on high frequency oscillatory ventilation. In total, seven patient-care problems and associated interventions are delineated.
Ethanol selectively inhibits enhanced vesicular release at excitatory synapses: real-time visualization in intact hippocampal slices.

: Background: Conflicting information exists concerning the actions of ethanol on vesicular release at excitatory synapses. Because long-term alterations in synaptic transmission are thought to underlie neuroadaptive responses to ethanol, we have directly measured the actions of ethanol on release dynamics at an intact central synapse. Methods: Here we investigated the effects of ethanol on release dynamics in hippocampal slices using confocal microscopy with the lipophilic dye, FM1-43, complemented by a patch clamp analysis of AMPA miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). After a pretreatment/loading paradigm with sulforhodamine (S-Rhd) and FM1-43, stable, dense punctate FM1-43 staining in the CA1 stratum radiatum was evident. Results: FM1-43 fluorescence destaining was dose-dependently induced by perfusion with elevated K+ (20–60 mM). Cadmium inhibited K+-induced destaining, whereas nifedipine had no significant effect. Ethanol (25–75 mM) inhibited K+-induced destaining with high efficacy and had no effect on basal destaining. Both ω-Conotoxin GVIA and ω-Agatoxin IVA inhibited K+-induced destaining with high efficacy. The combination of ω-Conotoxin GVIA and ω-Agatoxin IVA occluded the inhibitory effect of ethanol, indicating that ethanol inhibition of release was dependent on inhibition of N/P/Q-voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Patch clamp studies of AMPA mEPSCs revealed similar findings in that vesicular release was enhanced with K+ depolarization in an ethanol-sensitive manner. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the FM1-43/S-Rhd method is a stable and powerful approach for direct real-time measurement of vesicular release kinetics in intact brain slice preparations and that ethanol inhibits vesicular release induced by depolarization via inhibition of N/P/Q-VGCCs.
Epigenetics and MicroRNAs Combine to Modulate the MDM2/p53 Axis in Myeloma

Avoiding the inhibitory effects of p53 on cell growth is important for tumor progression. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Picchiorri et al. describe epigenetic silencing of MDM2-targeting microRNAs in multiple myeloma (MM), which generally appears to have intact p53 function. This provides the rationale for microRNA-targeted therapy for MM.
Evaluation of weather datasets for building energy simulation

Abstract In recent years, calibrated energy modeling of residential and commercial buildings has gained importance in a retrofit-dominated market. Accurate weather data play an important role in this calibration process and projected energy savings. It would be ideal to measure weather data at the building location to capture relevant microclimate variation but this is generally considered cost-prohibitive. There are data sources publicly available with high temporal sampling rates but at relatively poor geospatial sampling locations. To overcome this limitation, there are a growing number of service providers that claim to provide real time and historical weather data necessary for building modeling at 15–40 km 2 grid across the globe; common variables such as temperature and precipitation have been constructed on ∼1 km 2 grids [1] . Unfortunately, there is limited documentation from 3rd-party sources attesting to the accuracy of this data. This paper compares provided weather characteristics with data collected from a weather station inaccessible to the service providers. Monthly average dry bulb temperature; relative humidity; direct normal, diffuse and global solar radiation; wind speed and wind direction are statistically compared. Moreover, we ascertain the relative contribution of each weather variable and its impact on building loads. Annual simulations are performed for three different building types, including a closely monitored and automated energy efficient research building. The comparison shows that the difference for an individual variable can be as high as 90%. In addition, annual building energy consumption can vary by ±7% while monthly building loads can vary by ±40% as a function of the provided location's weather data.
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR MODELING AVIAN NEST SURVIVAL

Estimation of avian nest survival has traditionally involved simple measures of apparent nest survival or Mayfield constant-nest-survival models. However, these methods do not allow researchers to build models that rigorously assess the importance of a wide range of biological factors that affect nest survival. Models that incorporate greater detail, such as temporal variation in nest survival and covariates representative of individual nests represent a substantial improvement over traditional estimation methods. In an attempt to improve nest survival estimation procedures, we introduce the nest survival model now available in the program MARK and demonstrate its use on a nesting study of Mountain Plovers (Charadrius montanus Townsend) in Montana, USA. We modeled the daily survival of Mountain Plover nests as a function of the sex of the incubating adult, nest age, year, linear and quadratic time trends, and two weather covariates (maximum daily temperature and daily precipitation) during a six-year stud...
In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer technology as an aid to the conservation of endangered primates

Experimental embryological techniques using the rhesus monkey are described. Procedures have been developed for sperm capacitation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), culture of embryos, and embryo transfer. Development of procedures for in vitro oocyte maturation is presently underway. Whereas these procedures are intended to provide basic information about early embryonic development in primates, they are well suited to attempts at conserving endangered primate species. A number of situations arise in which experimental embryological techniques can be useful. Some animals may fail to breed in captivity, but nevertheless are able to produce viable gametes. In this case, sperm and oocytes can be combined in vitro to produce healthy embryos, which can be transferred either to the egg donor or to another recipient animal. In some instances, females may be reproductively incompetent although still capable of producing viable eggs. In other cases, males may produce inadequate amounts of viable sperm. In both instances, IVF may help to overcome these reproductive defects. When techniques for maturing eggs in vitro are perfected, it will be possible to harvest oocytes from ovaries of terminally ill animals and to create viable embryos by IVF. Experimental work with mouse embryos and its commercial application to cattle embryos have amply demonstrated that mammalian embryos can be cryopreserved. Preliminary work clearly shows that viability of nonhuman primate embryos can be maintained during freeze storage. The development of reliable cryopreservation techniques and their application to endangered primate species must be considered a high priority in efforts to conserve these rare animals. When all of these techniques are combined, it will be feasible to create embryos by IVF, to cryopreserve them for long periods of time, and to transport them to distant sites for implantation in the same or even a related species of animal. In the latter case, the possibility is raised of resurrecting an extinct species.
Enthalpy and entropy factors in gas phase halogen bonding: compensation and competition

Halogen bonding in the gas phase is often thermodynamically unstable, because of the loss of entropy incurred when the translational and rotational motions of the free molecules are constrained by the formation of the complex. This produces a large negative TΔS term, which can in many instances dominate ΔH and result in ΔG = ΔH − TΔS > 0. This reduction in entropy is tempered, however, by the fact that weakly-bonded noncovalent complexes are generally not completely rigid, and some of the original freedom of motion and disorder remains. The stronger the interaction (more negative ΔH), the more rigid is the complex and the more negative is TΔS. However TΔS generally approaches a limiting value; for sufficiently strong interactions, therefore, ΔH dominates and ΔG 0 does not totally preclude an interaction; it simply means that the equilibrium constant is less than one.
Effects of the Size of Prescribed Fire on Insect Predation of Northern Blazing Star, a Rare Grassland Perennial

Loss of native grassland habitat in New England has reached >90%. Consequently, remaining grasslands persist as small, geographically isolated fragments, and populations of many plants and animals have declined or disappeared. Given the rarity of the fauna and flora of these habitats, ecological manage- ment of many of the remaining native grassland fragments in a manner that attempts to mimic natural pro- cesses has been intensive, and the effects of this management on some taxa, such as grassland birds, are now well understood. But the effects of management, especially prescribed fire, on native plants and invertebrates are less well known. I studied the effects of prescribed fire on northern blazing star (Liatris scariosa var. no- vae-angliae), a rare grassland perennial endemic to the northeastern United States. Once distributed from southern Maine to northern New Jersey, northern blazing star has disappearedfrom 69% of the sites where it formerly occurred. Seed predation appears to be a critical proximate factor limiting recruitment ofjuveniles into local populations. Seven of 8 study sites in Maine and Massachusetts had a 65% average rate of seed pre- dation, and there was no evidence of juvenile recruitment at these sites. None of these sites had been burned in the past 5 years. Experimental research at Kennebunk, Maine, demonstrated that, in the absence of fire, seed viability of northern blazing star was low, the result of larval microlepidopteran (moth) predators in the flower heads. Prescribedfire temporarily reduced seed predation from approximately 90% to approximately 16% for 1 year following fire, but seed-predation levels once again approached 90% within 2 years. Prescribed fires larger than 13 ha helped reduce predation rates, butfires smaller than 6 ha did not, suggesting that dis- persal of adult moths from unburned source areas was spatially limited. Preferably, prescribed burns should be larger than 10 ha, large enough to have core areas larger than 100 mfrom adjoining unburned units. My results suggest that prescribed fire should be an important component of habitat management for northern blazing star, and they emphasize the need to carefully study the effects of the spatial scale of prescribed fires in other geographic regions andfor a broad range of taxa.
Localization of an area of maximum refractoriness or “gate” in the ventricular specialized conduction system in man

Abstract The area of maximum refractoriness (AMR) or “gate” in the ventricular specialized conduction system (VSCS) has not been previously demonstrated in the human A-V conduction system. Animal studies have shown an AMR proximal to the Purkinje-muscle junction. Seven patients were studied using His bundle electrograms. Single atrial premature depolarizations (APD) were introduced progressively earlier during the basic atrial cycle, until a point was reached where the APD no longer conducted to the ventricles. The region of block in these seven selected patients was distal to the bundle of His. Single ventricular depolarizations were then likewise introduced prematurely throughout mid-late diastole. In all seven patients, the ventricle could be depolarized earlier in the basic cycle (30 to 220 msec.) than the point at which block below the His occurred, localizing the AMR between the bundle of His and the ventricular muscle. A similar AMR was found during retrograde conduction. A mechanism analogous to the A-V nodal “gap” phenomenon exists in the VSCS. Thus, late premature atrial impulses may fail to conduct distal to the bundle of His while earlier beats encounter delay in an area of the VSCS proximal to the AMR, allowing propagation to the ventricle. This represents another mechanism of so-called supernormal conduction. The present study emphasizes simultaneous evaluation of the refractory state of specialized cardiac conducting tissue and muscle. Such an approach may be useful in future studies of drugs which depress subjunctional tissues.
Closure of the posterior neuropore in the vl mutant mouse

Alterations in the surface topography of cells in the apical neural folds of the posterior neuropore were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy in normal (+/+) and abnormal (vl/vl) embryos characterized by lumbosacral dysraphism. In early embryos (14–25 somites) surface features distinguishing the neuroepithelial cells, transitional zone cells, and surface ectoderm cells were similar in normal and abnormal embryos, as were the arrangement and configuration of filopodia and lamellipodia. However, in embryos with approximately 26–36 somites, the transitional zone of the abnormals showed a profusion of large blebs and excrescences along the entire length of the posterior neuropore. By 36 somites, the posterior neuropore was still variably open in the abnormals, in contrast to normal embryos in which no external opening could be detected. In view of the abnormalities associated with the transitional zone, it is possible that the underlying mechanism that results in lumbosacral spina bifida in this mutant may involve putative neural crest cells.
An examination of the adult age-related differences on the raven's advanced progressive matrices: A structural equations approach

Abstract The purpose of this project was to extend previous research (Babcock, 1994) which examined the influence of three hypothesized components, processing speed, and working memory on the individual- and age-related differences on the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) test. the results of that study suggested that although all three components are important to performance on the APM, rule-application tasks seemed to hold the most promise in accounting for age-related variance on the APM. the current project investigated two issues: (a) whether measures used to represent constructs important to APM performance were invariant for young and old, and (b) whether the influence of the hypothesized components on performance on the APM is similar for young and old adults. Participants included 134 young and 134 older adults. Results suggested that the measures represent similar constructs for both age groups. In addition, the structural model of performance on the APM was similar for young and old. ...
Neutron scattering from intinerant ferromagnets just above Tc

Abstract Neutron scattering from itinerant ferromagnets at and just above Tc is studied on the basis of a simple band model with no short range order. Results are found for scattering line widths for small momentum and energy transfers which are substantially independent of band parameters. Some comparison with experiment is attempted.
Gender identity change in a female adolescent transsexual

Two years of individual and milieu therapy are described of a 141/2-year-old girl who had presented with the persistent request to have a sex-change operation since age 12. Her past history was obtained from her parents and the records of the child guidance clinic which evaluated her at 3 years of age. She gives a history of remarkable tomboyism during her latency years and increasing withdrawal from peers and family during early adolescence. The patient's personal and family dynamics are explored, and these major therapeutic themes are discussed. The individual and milieu therapy are described and discussed with some speculation about the reasons for her positive response to psychotherapy. It would appear that this is a rare case of a postpubertal female transsexual reported to have made a gender identity change.
Value-chain Agriculture and Debt Relations: contradictory outcomes

Abstract In the context of the world food crisis ‘value-chain agriculture’ is emerging as a new frontier of publicly subsidised corporate investment, incorporating smallholding farmers into commercial relations to redress apparent food shortages. This paper conceptualises value-chains as technologies of economic and ecological power, using cross-regional case studies to explore the impact of debt relations in extant value-chain relations. While the value-chain project envisioned by the development industry in partnership with the private sector is geared to ‘feeding the world’ the likely outcome is (differentiating) smallholders serving corporate markets at the expense of local food security. I argue that developmentalists seek to resolve the crisis through a ‘spatio-temporal fix’, enclosing smallholders in value-chain technologies financed through debt relations that appropriate value from smallholder communities. At the same time some farmers are seeking to avoid the debt trap by developing strategies t...
Immunohistochemical detection of p63 in testicular germ cell neoplasia

p63 is a novel transcription factor-encoding gene with sequence homology to p53. p63 proteins have epithelial stem-cell regulatory functions and play a critical role in tissue development. Study of p63 expression in testicular germ cell tumors has been limited. Thirty-four archival cases of testicular germ cell neoplasia were examined and stained with monoclonal anti-p63 antibody 4A4 using standard methods. Included were 19 seminomas, 1 pure teratoma, 3 pure embryonal carcinomas, 1 pure yolk sac tumor, and 10 mixed germ cell tumors. p63 staining was consistently positive in teratomas in areas of squamous differentiation and in basal reserve-like cells in foci of respiratory/endodermal differentiation. Strong p63 staining was observed within cytotrophoblasts of choriocarcinoma (1/1), whereas focal positivity was detected in embryonal carcinomas (4/10) and yolk sac tumors (2/5). Seminomas and intratubular germ cell neoplasia were p63-negative. These findings may suggest the presence of pluripotent p63-positive stem cell-like nests in yolk sac tumors and embryonal carcinomas or may represent areas of an occult teratoma phenotype undetectable histopathologically on hemotoxylin-eosin sections. p63 positivity in cytotrophoblasts of choriocarcinoma is consistent with gynecologic studies, possibly reflecting the role of p63 in the oncogenesis of neoplastic trophoblasts. The consistent p63 negativity in seminomas may reflect a precommitted embryonic precursor-like phenotype.
Mutagenicity of the human carcinogen treosulphan, and its hydrolysis product, dl-1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane in mammalian cells.

The cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the human carcinogen, treosulphan, and its hydrolysis product, dl-1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB), were studied in Chinese hamster ovary, AS52, cells. Treosulphan (0.1–1.0 mM) is toxic and mutagenic at the gpt locus. A strong pH dependence was noted. DEB is cytotoxic and mutagenic at a much lower dose (0.025 mM), but these effects were not affected by pH. The results suggest that the toxic and mutagenic effects of treosulphan are mediated by its hydrolysis product DEB, and that the conversion of treosulphan to DEB is highly pH-dependent. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Motion perception tasks as potential correlates to driving difficulty in the elderly

Changes in the demographics indicates that the population older than 65 is on the rise because of the aging of the ‘baby boom’ generation. This aging trend and driving related accident statistics reveal the need for procedures and tests that would assess the driving ability of older adults and predict whether they would be safe or unsafe drivers. Literature shows that an attention based test called the useful field of view (UFOV) was a significant predictor of accident rates compared to any other visual function tests. The present study evaluates a qualitative trend on using motion perception tasks as a potential visual perceptual correlates in screening elderly drivers who might have difficulty in driving. Data was collected from 15 older subjects with a mean age of 71. Motion perception tasks included—speed discrimination with radial and lamellar motion, time to collision using prediction motion and estimating direction of heading. A motion index score was calculated which was indicative of performance ...
Parameters of solar wind electron heat‐flux pitch‐angle distributions and IMF topologies

[1] Pitch-angle distributions (PADs) of solar wind heat-flux (HF) electrons are used as a proxy for interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) topology. Unidirectional PADs yield IMF solar polarities, and bidirectional electron (BDE) PADs are interpreted as signatures of closed fields. A general perception exists that the directionalities are easily distinguished, clearly defining open and closed IMFs. We quantify PADs with the ratios of the HF parallel and anti-parallel to the IMF to that perpendicular to the IMF plotting these parameters against each other in a directionality distribution for six years of electron data from the 3DP experiment on the Wind satellite. This bimodal plot clearly shows the unidirectional populations, but shows no evidence for a separate bidirectional HF population. A similar plot of magnetic clouds is double-banded with no evidence of a bifurcation between bidirectional and unidirectional regimes. In conclusion, this basic parameterization shows no distinction between open and closed field topologies.
The role of auxin in inductive phenomena

The current status of our knowledge of auxin effects on floral induction is summarized. The most general effect is inhibition, although the concentration of synthetic auxins added to. plants tends to be too high for us to be certain that the inhibitory effects are truly physiological. Studies of endogenous levels of auxin have focused almost entirely on IAA-like bioassay activity. Chemical identifications of endogenous IAA are needed and feasible. In addition, a search for-other auxins involved in vegetative to floral transitions, their chemical identification, and measurement of their changing levels in the plant are urgently needed.
Factors Affecting the Quantity of Residual Albumen in Eggs

Abstract INTRODUCTION WITH the tremendous increase in the production of liquid, frozen and dried eggs, yield obtained on breaking eggs has become an extremely important factor. Yield is also important in the production of new egg products, which are becoming increasingly popular. Consumers are also concerned about the amount of albumen that sticks to the inner shell membrane. If only one percent of the internal egg content is left in all eggs in the form of albumen, the loss would amount to over 15 million dollars a year. Even though the amount of albumen left in the shells is of rather extreme economic importance, very little is known about the subject. A review of literature revealed very little research reported on residual albumen. Cotterill (1969) reported that adhering white can amount to three and one-half percent of the weight of the egg. The purpose of this research was to study the…
Isolation of a third isoenzyme of soybean lipoxygenase.

Abstract 1. 1.|A third isoenzyme of soybean lipoxygenase (linoleate: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.1.13) has been purified to essential homogeneity by Sephadex DEAE-A50 column chromatography and isoelectric focusing. 2. 2.|The enzyme differs from the two previously described pure isoenzymes (lipoxygenases-1 and -2)1 by the following criteria: elution profile from DEAE-Sephadex, isoelectric point, pH activity profile, and the effect of Ca2+ on activity. 3. 3.|The new isoenzyme also shows an anomalous, inverse dependence of activity on enzyme concentration.
Habituation and sensitization in the modulation of reflex amplitude

Abstract The interaction of decrement due to repeated presentation of an auditory eliciting stimulus with an ancillary visual stimulus that itself increased reflex amplitude was studied in 4 separate experiments. This interaction produced a multiplicity of complex reflex changes that cannot readily be accounted for by current conceptualizations of the processes of habituation (underlying reflex decrement) and sensitization (underlying reflex increment) that presumably modulate reflex change.
Ion related problems for the XLS ring

Abstract The electron beam in a storage ring collides with the residual gas in the vacuum chamber. As a consequence, low velocity positive ions are produced and trapped in the potential well of the electron beam. They perform stable or unstable oscillations around the beam under the repetitive Coulomb force of the bunches. If not cleared, the captured ions can lead to partial or total neutralization of the beam, causing both a decrease of lifetime and a change in the vertical tunes as well as an increase in the tune spread. It can also cause coherent and incoherent transverse instabilities. An electrostatic clearing electrodes system was designed to keep the neutralization below a desired limit. The location and the geometry of the clearing electrodes as well as the applied clearing voltage is based on the study of the ion production rate, longitudinal velocity of ions in field-free regions and in the dipoles, beam self-electric field, beam potential, critical mass for ion capture in the bunched beam and the bounce frequencies of the ions, tune shift and pressure rise due to trapped ions.
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF ACYLATED GLANDLESS COTTONSEED FLOUR

Glandless cottonseed flour was acylated with succinic and acetic anhydride. Acylation caused an increase in the specific viscosity of the flour and an increase in its functionality. Water-holding, oil-holding, emulsifying, and foam capacities were increased from 1.2 to tenfold over nonacylated flour.
Funding Avenues for Research in Emergency Medicine at the National Institutes of Health and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

SUMMARY There are opportunities for research in EM at the NIH, which may be appropriate for a variety of Institutes, depending on the topic area. Most NIH-funded research is through investigator-initiated grant applications, and the PHS 398 application packet is a source of more information. RFAs and RFPs, which have set-aside funding, are released for specific topic areas when an Institute identifies an area requiring multiple studies or multicenter research. PAs, which do not have set-aside funding, announce areas of interest for an Institute. The NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts announces RFAs, RFPs, and PAs. It is important to become expert in a field of research to be successful in achieving research funding, whether investigator- or institute-initiated.
Synthesis of l-fucose in thyroid tissue

Abstract A de novo pathway for l -fucose synthesis has been detected in porcine thyroid tissue. This system uses guanosine diphospho-α-D-mannose as a precursor and forms guanosine diphospho-β- l -fucose as product. The system seems similar to those reported by others to exist in microorganisms and plants in that the first step of the pathway involves a 4-keto sugar nucleotide intermediate. The first enzyme of the pathway, guanosine diphospho-α- d -mannose oxidoreductase has been purified 57-fold from crude extracts by virtue of tis affinity for Blue Sepharose.
Hydrothermal synthesis and low temperature crystal structure of an ammonium beryllophosphate with the merlinoite topology

Abstract An ammonium beryllophosphate (BeP-MER1) with the merlinoite framework topology has been made by the hydrothermal synthesis. Similar to the mineral merlinoite, BeP-MER1 belongs to the orthorhombic space group, but its unit cell is metrically tetragonal. The framework of a merlinoite structure such as BeP-MER1 can be viewed as the body-centered tetragonal packing of double 8-rings or the stacking of 4.8.8 nets along the c-axis. BeP-MER1 has three-dimensional, intersecting 8-ring channels along the crystallographic [001], [110] and [110] directions. The sites of extra-framework species are located, but the distribution of H2O and NH+4 among these sites are not unambiguously determined. A summary of beryllophosphate zeolite structures provides an interesting comparison among hydrous and anhydrous alkali metal templated beryllophosphate phases.
Invertebrate Lectins: II. Diversity of Specifictty, Biological Synthesis and Function in Recognition

Summary The existence of multiple lectins within an individual has become a biochemical fact. A few lectins are purer, but little meaningful work has yet been done on affinity and activity. Hemocytes apparently synthesize and secrete some lectins, but other cells and tissues remain to be investigated. The most thoroughly explored potential functions for lectins are those involved with invertebrate immunity, but even these are still speculative. There should be some standardization of procedures among researchers as well as a focussed goal. The economy of nature and the ubiquity and diversity of lectins suggest that they are functionally important.
$L^1$-Approximation of Stationary Hamilton-Jacobi Equations

We describe a nonlinear finite element technique to approximate the solutions of stationary Hamilton-Jacobi equations in two space dimensions using continuous finite elements of arbitrary degree. The method consists of minimizing a functional containing the $L^1$-norm of the Hamiltonian plus a discrete entropy. It is shown that the approximate sequence converges to the unique viscosity solution under appropriate hypotheses on the Hamiltonian and the mesh family.
Apparent molar volumes and heat capacities of aqueous solutions of sodium benzenesulfonate at 25°C

Apparent molar volumes and heat capacities of sodium benzenesulfonate have been measured at 25°C and at molalities up to 1.1 molal using a Picker flow densimeter and a Picker flow heat capacity calorimeter. Data for both properties have been modeled with Pitzer equations for the respective functions, and the standard state values evaluated. The apparent molar volume of sodium benzenesulfonate appears to be relatively insensitive to sample preparation. Possible reasons for the difference in the apparent molar volume reported here and the literature value are discussed.
Effects of a Delamination and Initial Curvature on the Fundamental Frequency of Sandwich Beams

A non dimensional variational statement is developed for a slightly curved beam, which may contain a delamination between the core and the face sheet. Non dimensional parameters are defined which involve initial curvature (or beam rise), core shear deformation, core/face sheet geometry and delamination length
The effect of mainflow transverse velocities in linear stability theory

In studying the stability of the boundary layer with surface mass injection, a generalized version of the Orr–Sommerfeld equation was derived which takes account of the transverse velocity component in the mainflow. The new terms in the generalized Orr–Sommerfeld equation are inversely proportional to the Reynolds number. The resulting eigenvalue problem was solved numerically for a wide range of values of the mass injection intensity. It was found that the critical Reynolds number (based on the distance from the leading edge) decreases with increasing mass injection. The deviations between the critical Reynolds numbers from the generalized and conventional Orr–Sommerfeld equations have a different sign at low injection intensities from that at high injection intensities.
The Galactic center - uncovering the pulse of our Galaxy

The proximity of our Galaxy's center presents a unique opportunity to study a galactic nucleus with orders of magnitude higher spatial resolution than can be brought to bear on any other galaxy. After more than a decade of diffraction-limited imaging on large ground-based telescopes, the case for a supermassive black hole at the Galactic center has gone from a possibility to a certainty, thanks to measurements of individual stellar orbits. The rapidity with which these stars move on small-scale orbits indicates a source of tremendous gravity and provides the best evidence that supermassive black holes do exist in the Universe. This work was made possible through the use of speckle imaging techniques, which corrects for the blurring effects of the earth's atmosphere in post-processing and allowed the first diffraction-limited images to be produced with these large ground-based telescopes.
Decoupling in Theories With Anomalies

We consider the appearance of infinities due to the triangle anomaly in the Weinberg model by introducing terms in the lagrangian which restore the Ward identities. It is then shown that these are not the same as the divergences which occur in the standard model if the quarks (which cancel the anomalies) are given a large mass. We have not succeeded in finding a model in which the infinities due to the anomalies are the leading effects of heavy fermions.
One Tragedy in Reference to Another: September 11 and the Obligations of Museum Commemoration

L'A. examine trois evenements commemoratifs qui ont eu lieu dans des musees nord-americains dans l'annee qui a suivi les attaques terroristes du 11 septembre 2001 (deux expositions et un rituel), ces exemples mettant en lumiere des questions theoriques essentielles et suggerant une approche pour une enquete plus englobante. Prenant en compte la diversite des pratiques, l'A. considere que le musee n'est pas uniquement un simple receptacle d'objets commemoratifs mais egalement un processus qui permet a l'evenement du 11 septembre, en tant que fait social multivalent, de devenir signifiant. Il suggere notamment que les representations museologiques du 11 septembre ont exhibe une tyrannie de l'usage (E. Sapir). Les evenements museologiques analyses ont en commun un processus creatif qui met en relation les evenements du 11 septembre avec une diversite d'autres discours commemoratifs toujours actuels. Ground Zero est devenu signifiant a travers les categories et les dispositions de l'Holocauste et de l'attentat d'Oklahoma City. La signification du 11 septembre s'est ainsi developpee a travers les idees qui structurent, et sont structurees par, les pratiques anterieures de certains musees specifiques.
Text messaging in medical education.

Today’s medical students and residents are from the first generation of digital natives: those who grew up with cell phones, text messaging, and the Internet. They are comfortable with e-innovation,1 are increasingly disengaged from traditional teaching methods within medical schools and residency programs, and are quick to embrace new teaching technologies. Students instead stream lectures from home, use electronic devices to access medical journals online, and use “smart” phone applications during rounds. Adapting teaching methods within medical schools and residencies to connect with this generation of e-learners is challenging. Text messaging (short message service) offers a method of bridging the gap between traditional teaching styles and the educational styles of millennial learners because of its ease, familiarity, and asynchronous nature. Among adults aged 18 to 29 years, 94% own a cell phone, and of those, 97% send and receive text messages.2 Some residency programs even provide trainees with smart phones.3 The prevalence, acceptance, and low cost of text messaging make it particularly inviting as a potentially high-yield learning tool in medical education. Texting has already become a well-accepted way to communicate with and engage students in high school and undergraduate settings, with a variety of platforms available for teachers.4–6 Teachers may use text messages to remind students about assignments, to deliver rapid-fire surveys or quizzes during class, or to conduct course-wide discussions (either within or outside the standard classroom period).7 Texting platforms are unique in that they allow participants to ask questions or discuss topics via the comfort of anonymity, which may promote participation and enhance learning.8 This form of feedback direct from one’s mobile phone is popular. Texting that occurs directly between learner and teacher, although it may not afford anonymity to the student from the teacher, … Address correspondence to Matthew A. Broom, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine at SSM Cardinal Glennon Children’s Medical Center, 1465 S Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104. E-mail: broomma{at}slu.edu
Fundamental bounds on the interconnect complexity of decoder implementations

Modern codes are often designed to attain the minimum possible error probability under a blocklength constraint. For instance, sparse-graph codes are often designed aiming for large girth in order to reduce the error-probability. In this paper, we show that such an improved performance comes at a fundamental cost: longer interconnects (wires) in the decoding circuit. Recent empirical results show why shorter interconnects are important: decoders with short interconnects can have significantly smaller power consumption because significant power is burned in wires, and this power is proportional to the length of the wire. We derive two bounds to demonstrate this cost: the first bound shows that for a belief-propagation decoder for a linear sparse-graph code, the wire-length must increase exponentially in the girth of the code. While this bound depends on the code construction, our second bound is fundamental: we derive lower bounds on the wire-length for decoding any code (even if it is nonlinear) and any message-passing decoding algorithm given the performance and the number of clock-cycles at the decoder. Under simplifying assumptions, we discuss novel small-girth code constructions that provide upper-bounds on the required interconnect-length.