cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rocky Mountain spotted fever. When and why to consider the diagnosis.

PreviewAlthough difficult to diagnose, Rocky Mountain spotted fever is easy to treat and responds rapidly and completely to therapy within the first 5 days of clinical disease. However, prompt diagnosis and initiation of therapy is essential to avoid complications that can lead to death. Dr Fischer presents a plan for when to consider, how to diagnose, and how to treat this condition.
Tank crew vision

Army optometrists stationed at The Armor Center, Fort Knox, identify the vision conservation needs and the functional visual requirements of each member of the tank crew. This article contains recommendations for vision conservation and for enhancement of visual function of the tank crewmen.
Optimal state feedback boundary control of parabolic PDEs using SOS polynomials

We synthesize ℒ(L2)-optimal full-state feedback controllers for a one dimensional linear PDE with point actuation and distributed disturbances. We use Sum-of-Squares (SOS) polynomials and Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) to parametrize positive operators which define quadratic Lyapunov functions and the controller gains. Additionally, we calculate the upper bound on the system state ensured by the calculated controllers. Moreover, we provide numerical results, but not proofs, for PDEs with additional types of boundary conditions.
Ideals and Reality: Perceptions of Healthy and Unhealthy Relationships Among Foster Youth

Exploring romantic relationships is a hallmark of adolescence. As dating relationships are often new during this development trajectory, learning how to be in a relationship (e.g., learning healthy communication skills, etc.) is necessary to facilitate positive partnerships during the transition to adulthood. However, foster youth are a group routinely overlooked within the literature on developing positive and healthy relationships. This formative, exploratory study utilizes focus groups and in-depth interviews to understand foster youth perceptions of healthy and unhealthy dating relationships through a social learning theory lens. Findings explore foster youth perceptions of ideal relationships, the realities of their lived relational experiences, as well as the lessons learned that they would like to impart on future generations of foster youth. Implications for research, practice, and policy (e.g., the need for communication skill building, comprehensive sex and relationship education, as well as screenings for dating violence) are also explored.
The Psychology of Leisure: Research Approaches to the Study of Leisure. By John Neulinger

(1976). The Psychology of Leisure: Research Approaches to the Study of Leisure. By John Neulinger. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 142-144.
Airway Management Practice in Adults With an Unstable Cervical Spine: The Harborview Medical Center Experience.

BACKGROUND:Airway management in the presence of acute cervical spine injury (CSI) is challenging. Because it limits cervical spine motion during tracheal intubation and allows for neurological examination after the procedure, awake fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) has traditionally been recommended. Ho
Continuity Within Rupture in Two Novels by Muṣṭafā Maḥmūd

This chapter will consider two of Maḥmūd’s three SF novels, both of which estrange aspects of postcolonial Egyptian society. al-‘Ankabūt [“The Spider,” 1965] considers the past: it traces forward an evolution to a point at which a modern, Western-educated Egyptian can use science to track down the source of a mystery. It also focuses on the continued quasi-imperial exploitation of the peasantry by the urban elite within Egyptian society, an exploitation that persists in the postcolonial era. The other novel, Rajul Taḥta al-Ṣifr [“Man Below Zero,” 1966], considers a future where Egypt is part of a new world order of scientific utopia, then inverts this and shows how that society is still based on brutal authority and traditional patriarchy. Both novels make essentially the same argument with respect to Egypt becoming once again a leader in science and technology, as it was many centuries ago: this will be impossible absent some kind of catastrophic rupture or discontinuity, so characterized is Egypt by despotism and the old ways of thought.
Pant-Legs and Pathology: The Marriage of Individual and Family Assessment

Bowen family systems theory suggests that individuals who report high levels of individual pathology will also report having been raised in families characterized by high conflict and low adaptability. Combining individual and family assessment measures, or using one type of measure to understand the results of the other may be possible through the application of systems theory. Therapeutic implications of the study reported here indicate that practitioners should consider the value of focusing on family of origin processes before a primary focus on isolated traumatic events guides the direction of therapy.
Clinical Psychology: Animal Models

Historical and contemporary research on animal models of clinical psychology has made important contributions to understanding human psychopathology and its treatment. An important advantage of studying animal models is that through experimental manipulations in controlled settings one can better determine what critical causal features are than is generally possible in human psychopathology and treatment research. Criteria for the successful use of animal models are discussed, including in psychopharmacology and behavioral pharmacology research. Selected examples of research on animal models of specific and social phobias, panic disorder wtih agoraphobia, post-traumatic-stress disorder, and depression are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the importance of going beyond examining the acute and short-term effects of experimental manipulations (such as exposure to stressors). In fact, use of animal models can be an ideal method for studying interactions of a variety of vulnerability and invulnerability factors (including temperamental and personality variables, as well as experiential variables)that have an important impact on both teh acute and long-term effects of stressors.
Extending far and wide: the role of biopsy and staging in the management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia.

Importance Although the most recent American Joint Committee on cancer staging guidelines for ocular surface squamous neoplasia place a heightened emphasis on biopsy and histopathologic analysis, the interpretation and clinical relevance of these staging criteria are not always clear. We address limitations of using histopathologic analysis to predict clinical outcomes and suggest less-invasive assessments. Background To investigate the impact of histopathologic depth of invasion on outcomes for tumours with the common presentation of multiple structure involvement. Design Retrospective chart review at tertiary institution. Samples Of 41 eyes with ocular surface squamous neoplasia between 2012 and 2017, 27 tumours involving multiple ocular structures clinically were included. Methods Biopsied tumours were determined to be invasive beyond the basement membrane or non-invasive; non-biopsied tumours were clinically identified with unknown depth of invasion. Outcomes were compared using Fisher's exact or Student's t tests. Main outcome measures Proportion of tumours cured, recurred and/or persisting. Results Twelve tumours (44%) received primary excisional biopsy, 10 (37%) received chemotherapy without biopsy and 5 (19%) received chemotherapy and biopsy. Clinical diagnosis was correct in all biopsied cases. While there were no significant differences in outcomes between invasive vs non-invasive tumours or treatments, there was a trend toward larger basal diameter in recurrent tumours regardless of treatment. Conclusions and relevance When ocular surface squamous neoplasia tumours with similar clinical involvement were compared, histopathologic depth of invasion was not predictive of clinical outcomes. Future staging criteria may consider the potential of largest basal dimension for more accurate prognostication.
The Prehistoric Bison of Yellowstone National Park

On the Ground • When Yellowstone National Park (YNP) was established in 1872, American bison (Bison bison) were living in the park's forests and mountains. • A study conducted in the 1960s concluded that those were Mountain bison (Bison bison athabascae), a subspecies adapted to mountain habitat. It was assumed that those historical bison occupied their native habitat and had done so in prehistoric times. • When archaeological evidence of YNP bison was discovered in the mid-1990s it seemed reasonable to assume that those bones were derived from a herd of native prehistoric bison. • However, a review of archaeological, historical, genetic, and ecological evidence suggests a different history. Namely, herds of bison were absent before 1840. Sometime between 1840 and the mid-1850s, plains bison were driven into the mountain forest in and near YNP. In those forests, bison were relatively safe from horse-mounted, bow-and-arrow-armed Native American hunters. • Archaeological evidence suggests that YNP’s prehistoric bison were bulls that left herds on the low-elevation plains that surround the park; the bulls would have traveled up mountain drainages to the Yellowstone volcanic plateau. • Bison played no significant role in the ecological processes that shaped YNP’s prehistoric landscape. YNP’s modern bison herd is causing significant changes in range condition.
Characterization of collagen formation surrounding osteocytes using second and third harmonic generation

More than 54 million Americans have or are at high risk of developing a metabolic bone disease; disorders of bone strength that leave individuals with fragile bones and disabilities. The gold standard to evaluate these diseases is dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, but this only measures mineral content. These diseases, however, impact collagen and mineral integrity which impede the bone’s ability to store hormones, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins imperative to homeostasis. We have established a second harmonic generation (SHG) polarimetric assay that describes bone collagen organization. To further our analysis, we propose multimodal optical evaluation of bone quality with third harmonic generation (THG) to measure osteocyte dendritic processes. This method of analysis could be used to evaluate the disease state of bone and response to therapy.
Developmental Disorders of the Knee

The knee region comprises the distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal fibula, and patella; the knee joint is continuous with two major articulations, the femorotibial and patellofemoral. The distal femur and proximal tibia develop from the epiphyseal cartilage at the end of each bone that includes the joint surface articular cartilage, the physes (epiphyseal growth plates), and the intervening epiphyseal cartilage where the secondary ossification centers develop beginning in the late fetal period. Other structures include anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, medial and lateral menisci, meniscofemoral ligaments of Wrisberg and Humphrey (posterior and anterior, respectively, to the posterior cruciate ligament), meniscotibial attachments/ligaments (coronary ligaments), synovial lining and joint capsule, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, surrounding muscles, and adjacent nerves and blood vessels. Each of these structures can be the site of primary developmental deformity or be involved with secondary deformity where adjacent primary deformity persists as growth continues.
“Tupy or Not Tupy?” Examining Hybridity in Contemporary Brazilian Art

Updating the 1920s notion of Anthropophagy developed to symbolize through cannibalistic ritual the process of cultural assimilation that influences art, this article examines issues of naming, describing, and representing contemporary Brazilian art. In the first part of the article, the work of four contemporary Brazilian artists recently exhibited in the United States frames criticism to the common practice of labeling contemporary artworks according to national identity. In the article's second section, Brazil's multifaceted cultural and artistic context will be used to outline implications for art education and institutional practices more attuned to the transnational dimensions of art. In conclusion, hybridity becomes a twofold framework. It describes, as Anthropophagy did before, cultural layering, negotiations, and disputes. It also articulates a political position more fitting to capture and interpret the art produced in our global age, not only in Brazil.
Pedestrian injury severities in pedestrian-vehicle crashes and the partial proportional odds logit model: accounting for age difference

This study investigates factors that significantly contribute to the severity of pedestrian injuries resulting from pedestrian-vehicle crashes. Multinomial logit (MNL) models, mixed logit (ML) mode...
Whole egg consumption compared with yolk-free egg increases the cholesterol efflux capacity of high-density lipoproteins in overweight, postmenopausal women.

Author(s): Sawrey-Kubicek, Lisa; Zhu, Chenghao; Bardagjy, Allison S; Rhodes, Christopher H; Sacchi, Romina; Randolph, Jody M; Steinberg, Francene M; Zivkovic, Angela M | Abstract: BackgroundPostmenopausal women are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than their younger counterparts. HDL cholesterol is a biomarker for CVD risk, but the function of HDL may be more important than HDL cholesterol in deciphering disease risk. Although diet continues to be a cornerstone of treatment and prevention of CVD, little is known about how diet affects the functionality of HDL.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to characterize the effects of whole eggs compared with yolk-free eggs on HDL function and composition in overweight, postmenopausal women and determine how changes in HDL composition are related to HDL functional parameters.MethodsThe study was a 14-wk, single-blind, randomized crossover dietary trial with two 4-wk intervention periods in 20 overweight, postmenopausal women. The crossover treatments were frozen breakfast meals containing 100 g of liquid (∼2) whole eggs compared with 100 g of (∼2) yolk-free eggs per day, separated by a 4-wk washout. Fasting blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of each treatment period to determine the effects on HDL composition and function.ResultsCholesterol efflux capacity increased in the whole-egg treatment (mean ± SD percentage change: +5.69% ± 9.9%) compared with the yolk-free egg treatment (-3.69% ± 5.3%) (P l 0.01), but there were no other significant changes in HDL functions or antioxidant or inflammatory markers. ApoA-I, total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol also did not change in response to the egg treatment.ConclusionsThe consumption of 2 whole eggs/d by overweight, postmenopausal women showed a significant increase in cholesterol efflux capacity. This increase in cholesterol efflux capacity was seen without significant changes in apoA-I, TC, LDL cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol, supporting the idea that HDL function rather than HDL cholesterol should be addressed in this population. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02445638.
Inhibition of PSI and PSII-Dependent Flash-Induced ATP Synthesis by Triphenyltin Chloride and DCCD

Energy transfer inhibitors are useful probes for investigating the role of coupling factor accessibility in phosphorylation. Triphenyltin chloride and DCCD both act as energy transfer inhibitors in chloroplasts and are believed to block ATP synthesis by preventing proton flux through the CFg portion of the coupling factor. When experimental conditions put great demand on the ATP synthesizing machinery, as in saturating continuous light, removal of any portion of the pool of coupling factors would be expected to have an inhibitory effect on phosphorylation. However, in flashing light or in low light, when ATP synthesis is proceeding at a slower average rate, it is possible that the availability of coupling factors exceeds the demand and that removal of a fraction of the pool will have less effect. If all coupling factors are equally accessible to the protons released from a particular electron transport complex, then one would expect energy transfer inhibitors to be less inhibitory in flashing light, since each coupling factor may turn over several times in the dark period between flashes. But for the extreme situation of totally localized coupling, removal of each coupling factor would result in the loss of ATP synthesis coupled to electron flow through the associated redox complex, regardless of the overall rate of phosphorylation. It has been reported that in photosynthetic bacteria, inhibition by DCCD is independent of flash frequency, and a localized coupling was suggested (Venturoli, Melandri 1982).
Effects of Framing Nicotine Reduction in Cigarettes on Anticipated Tobacco Product Use Intentions and Risk Perceptions Among US Adult Smokers

Introduction In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed lowering the amount of nicotine in combusted cigarettes to minimally addictive levels. If used, to encourage cessation and maximize the benefits of this action, the FDA needs to determine the most effective way to communicate to the public the practical impact of this nicotine tobacco product standard. Methods Data were collected in 2018 from a nationally representative, online probability sample of 1198 adult smokers (aged ≥18 years old) in the United States. Smokers were randomly assigned one of five versions of the question regarding what they would most likely do if nicotine in cigarettes was reduced (nicotine levels were reduced by 95%; the government reduced nicotine levels by 95%; cigarettes were no longer addictive; cigarettes no longer relieved cravings; cigarettes were changed so that you would be able to quit more easily). Effects of framing on anticipated tobacco use intentions and perceived risk of very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) were evaluated with multinomial logistic regressions. Results Framing the nicotine tobacco product standard as cigarettes no longer relieved cravings resulted in the highest proportion of smokers reporting they intend to quit in response to this standard (43.9%), lowest proportions reporting anticipated intentions to continue using combusted tobacco products (45.3%), and lowest proportion believing that VLNCs are less harmful than regular cigarettes (26%). Conclusions Different frames of nicotine reduction in cigarettes differentially affected smokers' anticipated tobacco use intentions and perceived risk of VLNCs. Presenting reduction as making cigarettes unable to relieve cravings might be particularly effective at motivating cessation.
Trauma CT evaluation prior to selective angiography in patients with traumatic injuries: negative predictive power and factors affecting its utility

To evaluate the predictive power of arterial injury detected on contrast-enhanced CT (trauma CT (tCT)) imaging obtained prior to selective angiography for treatment of patients with traumatic abdominal and pelvic injuries. A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients who underwent angiography after undergoing contrast-enhanced CT imaging for the evaluation/treatment of traumatic injuries to the abdomen and pelvis between March 2014 and September 2018. Data collection included demographics, pertinent history and physical findings, CT and angiography findings, treatment information, and outcomes. Eighty-nine (63 males, mean age = 45.8 ± 20.5 years) patients that were found to have 102 traumatic injuries on tCT and subsequently underwent angiography met inclusion criteria for this study. Sixty-four injuries demonstrated evidence of traumatic vascular injury on initial tCT. A negative tCT was able to predict subsequent negative angiography in 83% of cases (negative predictive power = 83%). The ability of tCT to rule out a positive finding on subsequent angiography was also 83% (sensitivity = 83%). The average systolic blood pressure and hemoglobin concentration at the time of tCT were higher in patients who had positive tCT than in patients with negative tCT (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The average time to angiography was greater in patients whom had subsequent negative angiography than the patients who had subsequent positive angiography (p < 0.05). Contrast-enhanced CT imaging may be able to help stratify patients who may have subsequent negative angiograms. Hemodynamic factors may affect sensitivity of tCT. Shorter time to angiography may increase the chance of identifying the injury on subsequent angiography.
Large Multidomain Protein NMR: HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Precursor in Solution.

NMR studies of large proteins, over 100 kDa, in solution are technically challenging and, therefore, of considerable interest in the biophysics field. The challenge arises because the molecular tumbling of a protein in solution considerably slows as molecular mass increases, reducing the ability to detect resonances. In fact, the typical 1H-13C or 1H-15N correlation spectrum of a large protein, using a 13C- or 15N-uniformly labeled protein, shows severe line-broadening and signal overlap. Selective isotope labeling of methyl groups is a useful strategy to reduce these issues, however, the reduction in the number of signals that goes hand-in-hand with such a strategy is, in turn, disadvantageous for characterizing the overall features of the protein. When domain motion exists in large proteins, the domain motion differently affects backbone amide signals and methyl groups. Thus, the use of multiple NMR probes, such as 1H, 19F, 13C, and 15N, is ideal to gain overall structural or dynamical information for large proteins. We discuss the utility of observing different NMR nuclei when characterizing a large protein, namely, the 66 kDa multi-domain HIV-1 reverse transcriptase that forms a homodimer in solution. Importantly, we present a biophysical approach, complemented by biochemical assays, to understand not only the homodimer, p66/p66, but also the conformational changes that contribute to its maturation to a heterodimer, p66/p51, upon HIV-1 protease cleavage.
Analysis of wave scattering in pipes with non-axisymmetric and inclined angle defects using finite element modeling

In this paper, elastic wave scattering in hollow pipes with non-axisymmetric and inclined angle defects is studied using finite element (FE) simulations. A comb array transducer is employed in the ...
Hacia la reconstrucción de los patrones comunales de asentamiento durante la prehistoria de la cuenca amazónica

Tradicionalmente, nuestra civilizacion ha mirado la selva con una mezcla de temor y asombro, caracteristica de un pueblo forzado a· lidiar con un medio ambiente desconocido. Quiza este enfoque tenga su origen en las experiencias de las primeras expediciones espanolas que atravesaron la cordillera peruana hacia la "Tierra de la Canela", donde buscaban riquezas, pero encontraron la muerte y el desastre. Los portugueses parecen haber tenido una experiencia bastante distinta con el bosque tropical, quiza por las expectativas que de el tenian.
Simultaneous Dissection of Grain Carotenoid Levels and Kernel Color in Biparental Maize Populations with Yellow-to-Orange Grain

ABSTRACT Maize enriched in provitamin A carotenoids could be key in combatting vitamin A deficiency in human populations relying on maize as a food staple. Consumer studies indicate that orange maize may be regarded as novel and preferred. This study identifies genes of relevance for grain carotenoid concentrations and kernel color, through simultaneous dissection of these traits in 10 families of the U.S. maize nested association mapping population that have yellow to orange grain. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified via joint-linkage analysis, with phenotypic variation explained for individual kernel color QTL ranging from 2.4 to 17.5%. These QTL were cross-analyzed with significant marker-trait associations in a genome-wide association study that utilized ∼27 million variants. Nine genes were identified: four encoding activities upstream of the core carotenoid pathway, one at the pathway branchpoint, three within the α- or β-pathway branches, and one encoding a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase. Of these, three exhibited significant pleiotropy between kernel color and one or more carotenoid traits. Kernel color exhibited moderate positive correlations with β-branch and total carotenoids and negligible correlations with α-branch carotenoids. These findings can be leveraged to simultaneously achieve desirable kernel color phenotypes and increase concentrations of provitamin A and other priority carotenoids.
Tackling Low Completion Rates—A Compare.Com Conundrum (a)

In 2016 Andrew Rose, CEO of Compare.com, an online price comparison website for car insurance shoppers, faced a troubling problem. Completion rates for the site's detailed online questionnaire were at an alarming low. Site visitors, increasingly accessing the site on mobile devices, were proving they did not have the time or incentive to answer the site's requisite questions and thus were dropping off the site before purchasing policies from the site's partner insurance carriers. As Rose and his management team struggled to lift the completion rates, they narrowed their options to three potential solutions. A task for Kyle Brodie, a summer intern, was to design and run an experiment that could yield valuable insights from an estimates display, including which customer groups, if any, responded best to the estimates, and where the estimates should be included in the questionnaire. In the A case of the series, readers are faced with selecting the best solution for lifting Compare.com's completion rate. In the B case, readers must design an experiment to test the selected option, and decide on the location and content of an estimate display test. In the C case, readers are presented with the design implemented by Brodie and a summary of the results of that experiment. They must then figure out the implications of those results for Compare.com.This case was originally written for an MBA marketing class examining Marketing Analytics. It would also be suitable for similar classes in undergraduate, Executive MBA, and Executive Education programs. Excerpt UVA-M-0947 Rev. May 17, 2018 Tackling Low Completion Rates—A Compare.com Conundrum (A) Car insurance is an interesting space. It's the one product I'm aware of where both the buyer and seller hope it's never used. Trying to change consumer behavior around it is doubly interesting and doubly tough. —Andrew Rose, CEO, Compare.com In March 2016, Andrew Rose, CEO of Compare.com (Compare), was looking for a simple solution to a relatively troublesome problem. Compare, headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, was an aggregator of insurance—primarily automotive—that allowed customers to acquire a list of real-time available quotes from affiliated insurance providers. The offering was totally unique in that customers were given actual monthly quotes, as opposed to estimates, after completing a questionnaire. Rose saw a huge opportunity for Compare to leverage its accurate price offering to compete with the larger companies in the auto insurance space. . . .
Mitochondrial bioenergetics and D-ribose in HFpEF: a brief narrative review.

Objective In this review article, we briefly describe the status of treatment options for HFpEF and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of HFpEF as an alternative therapeutic target. We also examine the mechanisms of D-ribose in cellular energy production and discuss the potential disadvantages and benefits of supplemental use of D-ribose in patients with HFpEF. Background Heart failure is a major cardiovascular disease that impacts over 6 million Americans and is one of the leading causes for morbidity and mortality. Patients with heart failure often experience shortness of breath and fatigue along with impaired physical capacity, all leading to poor quality of life. As a subtype of heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized with impaired diastolic function. Currently, there are no effective treatments specifically for HFpEF, thus clinicians and researchers are searching for therapies to improve cardiac function. Emerging evidence indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired cardiac bioenergetics are among the underlying mechanisms for HFpEF. There is increased interest in investigating the use of supplements such as D-ribose to enhance mitochondrial function and improve production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Methods For this narrative review, more than 100 relevant scientific articles were considered from various databases (e.g., PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) using the keywords "Heart Failure", "HFpEF", "D-ribose", "ATP", "Mitochondria", Bioenergetics", and "Cellular Respiration". Conclusions It is essential to find potential targeted therapeutic treatments for HFpEF. Since there is evidence that the HFpEF is related to impaired myocardial bioenergetics, enhancing mitochondrial function could augment cardiac function. Using a supplement such as D-ribose could improve mitochondrial function by increasing ATP and enhancing cardiac performance for patients with HFpEF. There is a recently completed clinical trial with HFpEF patients that indicates D-ribose increases ATP production and improves cardiac ejection fraction.
Exercise 26: Polarization of T Helper Cells into TH1 Cells

T helper cells undergo differentiation in response to cytokines released from antigen presenting dendritic cells (DCs) within the T cell zone of secondary lymphoid organs. IL-2 secretion and IL-2 receptor expression become upregulated following antigen contact. The nature of the antigen recognized by the naive T helper cell and the cytokines received from the DC determines the TH subset that will be obtained and the type effector function that cell will perform. In addition, the effect of the polarizing cytokines will also determine the activation of transcription factors that will drive the expression of effector cytokines. TH1 and TH2 helper subsets were initially described with TH1 cells characterized by IFNγ and TNFα secretion. TH2 cells are characterized by IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 secretion. Intracellular infections by viruses, bacteria and parasites, aided by cytokines, polarize naive T helper cells to THI as a result of IL-12 and IFNγ binding to receptors on naive T helper cells.TH1 cells activate macrophages which along with TH1 cells are important for cytotoxity responses of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. In response to IL-4, naive T helper cells are polarized to TH2 cells in response to allergens from helminth parasites, leading to IgE secretion form B cells and activation of eosiniphils. The transcription factor (TF) T-bet drives expression of IFNγ and TH1 differentiation. The TF, GATA-3 is the master regulator for TH2 differentiation. Other subsets TH cells include TH17, TFH and TH9 which has effector characteristics similar to TH2 and also important for humoral immunity. TFH cell are important for germinal cell formation in the follicles of secondary and tertiary lymphoid organs. The objective of this exercise is to polarize T helper cells from a spleen suspension into TH1 cells.
Newborn with annular pancreas and H-Type tracheoesophageal fistula

Abstract Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) and annular pancreas are both rare congenital anomalies, with very few reports of neonates presenting with both. More specifically, there are no reported cases of neonates with both annular pancreas and the rarest form of TEF, the H-type fistula. Here, we present the case of a neonate with annular pancreas diagnosed at birth requiring duodenoduodenostomy with delayed diagnosis of concomitant H-type TEF requiring subsequent fistula ligation with favorable outcomes. When patients with known congenital anomalies have persistent symptoms of unidentified etiology, heightened suspicion for other concomitant congenital anomalies can lead to prompt diagnosis, timely surgical management and good outcomes.
Interaction between Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide and the Sulfhydryl Groups of d-Amino Acid Oxidase and of Hemoglobin

Abstract Inhibition of the crystallized hog kidney flavoenzyme, d-amino acid oxidase, by tetraethylthiuram disulfide (disulfiram, TETD) has been found to involve the sulfhydryldisulfide exchange reaction; primary products of the interaction between oxidase and reagent are diethyldithiocarbamate ion and a derived protein carrying mixed disulfide linkages, each of which consists of an enzyme thiol sulfur atom linked to a diethyldithiocarbamyl residue. Evidence for this conclusion includes the following observations. One mole (taken as 105 g) of d-amino acid oxidase contains 6 to 8 "immediately reactive" sulfhydryl groups of a total of 12 such residues. The extent of inhibition of the oxidase is a linear function of the amount of TETD added; complete inhibition is attained with 6 to 8 mole eq of TETD. Studies with 35S-TETD reveal, in association with the inhibition, the liberation of 6 to 8 mole eq of diethyldithiocarbamate ion and the fixation to oxidase protein of 6 diethyldithiocarbamyl residues. If the native enzyme is denatured with detergent, 12 mole eq of diethyldithiocarbamate ion are produced directly. The disulfide character of TETD is requisite for its inhibitory action on d-amino acid oxidase. Related compounds without a disulfide bond, such as tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, do not inhibit the oxidase, whereas a variety of other disulfide reagents, including tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetrathionate, oxidized glutathione, formamidine disulfide, and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) are inhibitors. The stoichiometry of reaction between 35S-TETD and human oxyhemoglobin, in both the native and the denatured state, was found to compare favorably with predictions based on the sulfhydryl character of the protein and a comparable sulfhydryl-disulfide exchange reaction. The inhibition of d-amino acid oxidase by TETD, acting as a sulfhydryl-characterizing reagent, is time-dependent and irreversible; there is an associated conformational change of the oxidase protein. Flavin adenine dinucleotide retards the inhibitory process, whereas GSH prevents, but does not reverse, the inhibition. The over-all inhibitory process conforms to the criteria set forth earlier for the "selective inhibition" of polysulfhydryl enzymes by sulfhydryl-characterizing reagents.
A mechanical device to measure the three dimensional motion of the human jaw

Many people suffer from temporomadibular joint (TMJ) pain and need treatment. However, the outcome of such physical therapy is often not evaluated objectively. The range of motion of the jaw could be used as an objective criterion for monitoring the effect of therapy for such patients. In this study the authors designed and manufactured such a device to measure the three dimensional motion of the jaw for human patients.
An Initial Lexicon for Sensory Properties of Dry Dog Food

A sensory lexicon for human description of the flavor, aroma, texture and appearance characteristics of dry dog food was developed using a consensus profile method. Twenty-one products, available in the U.S. market, were studied. A five-member highly trained descriptive sensory panel identified, defined and referenced more than 70 sensory attributes for this product category. The lexicon established included attributes common to most of the samples such as barnyard, brothy, brown, grain, soy, vitamin, off-flavors oxidized oil, cardboard and stale, and attributes appropriate for only a few products such as liver, fish, burnt, spice brown, garlic, celery, clove and smoky. The product category often showed a blended sensory profile and overall impact was evaluated to better discriminate among the products. Practical Applications One of the most competitive and economically relevant industries of food processing is pet food production. Although there are physiological sensory differences among Canis familiaris and Homo sapiens, human sensory data can be useful for several purposes. This research provides a lexicon that can be used as a starting point to describe the appearance, texture, aroma and flavor characteristics of dry dog food products when such information is needed for quality control, shelf life, product development or claims substantiation. This information is useful to product developers, researchers and technologists in understanding these characteristics and using those attributes to improve dry dog food products.
Pleiotropic Effects Of GCKR And ABCG2 On Serum Levels Of Uric Acid And Triglycerides In Hispanic Children

Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans. Elevated SUA levels have been associated with health conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes...
Upgrading Readiness: Successes and Improvements of the Mobile Parts Hopital

Abstract : The Mobile Parts Hospital (MPH) helps the Army with logistical backups in maintaining sustainment and readiness at the battlefield front. Now going into its third phase of the program and scheduled to be transitioned to a Program Manager (PM), the MPH has proven its ability to build parts in a mobile rapid manufacturing environment. This paper will outline the progress of the Lathe Manufacturing Module (LMM) and it's successes in deployment to Kuwait and advances with the Laser Engineered Net-Shaping(Trademark) (LENS(Registered)) technology and the ability to rapidly build near net shape parts from powdered metal in a mobile environment. The LENS(Registered) has been upgraded for increased performance in build speed and advances in near net-shaping of parts. Increased laser power and newly added equipment effects on build profile and deposited material will be discussed, in audition to lessons learned from the current prototype LMM to advances & developments in future changes made to the LMM modules for deployment.
Sex and the Girl's Single: French Popular Music and the Long Sexual Revolution of the 1960s

E v E n t h E m o s t c a s u a l o b s E r v E r of recent popular culture is well aware of the phenomenon of the sex-saturated innocence of celebrity girl singers. They are but recent examples of the evocative relationship between young women and sexuality in pop music in the second half of the twentieth century. young female singers in France in the 1960s—called copines, perhaps best translated “gal pals”—were similarly thrust into the spotlight with the growing popularity of rock and roll, and sexual suggestiveness often accompanied their success. Like their modern-day parallels, the copines were caught in a web consisting of the social limitations of their age and sex, the moral expectations concerning female adolescence, and the special freedoms their commercial success afforded. This web was anchored within a culture of new sexual expectations in which young people were to be sexy without being sexual. Popular music was sexually threatening in the postwar period, and the tension between the image of the copines as being both innocent and sexual reveals the broader tensions created by the transformation in social and sexual attitudes in France during the 1960s as part of what historians have termed “the long sexual revolution.” While for young men, popular music provided an opportunity to redefine sexual norms, music produced and performed by young women did little to challenge and often reinforced such norms, underscoring the importance of gender in dictating and defining the experiences and character of the long sexual revolution during the 1960s. The history, reception, and aesthetics of commercially successful music recorded by young women between 1960 and 1965 illustrates how the long sexual revolution operated in gendered registers in the cultural expression of sexuality.
Aggregate equivalent models of flexible distribution systems for transmission-level studies

Increased penetration of variable resources in the power grid have resulted in variable power flow patterns, volatility in system stress and higher reserve capacity requirements. New approaches are emerging for dealing with these problems. Specifically, flexible assets, such as storage, Thermostatically Controlled Loads, smart appliances, flexible load and other flexible customer resources are expected to provide practical solutions for mitigating the variability. In this paper, a state-transition model of aggregate flexibility of a distribution feeder with responsive loads and flexible generation is derived. The method is general enough to handle any feeder with flexible resources. It yields a concise and tractable “aggregate virtual plant” model of feeder flexibility. Results using simulation data verify the model's predictive capabilities and its applicability to the transmission level multi-period dispatch problem.
Passing the baton between laps: adhesion and cohesion in Pseudomonas putida biofilms.

Summary Large externalized, repeat-rich proteins are emerging as important factors in the attachment of bacteria to biotic and abiotic surfaces. An intriguing new study of the plant-associated terrestrial microbe Pseudomonas putida by Manuel Espinosa-Urgel's group that is reported in this issue of Molecular Microbiology has revealed that LapF, a huge protein (> 6000 aa) associated with the cell surface, is required for microcolony assembly from single attached cells, and in turn, formation of biofilms. Mutants defective in IapF exhibit competitive deficiencies in the rhizosphere. On both biotic and abiotic surfaces, these mutants undergo normal irreversible attachment, but cannot advance beyond this point to form multicellular clusters. The lapF phenotype is nutritionally conditional and is only manifested under a subset of growth regimes. Accordingly, lapF gene expression is controlled by the stress-responsive sigma factor RpoS and is elevated within growing microcolonies on abiotic surfaces and plant tissues. Earlier work had identified the LapA protein, another enormous cell surface protein (> 8000 aa), as a key requirement for the reversible to irreversible transition during attachment. The current findings support a model in which LapA and LapF act in a relay to drive the stable colonization of surfaces and subsequent assembly of the multicellular structures.
The utility of troponin measurement to detect myocardial infarction: review of the current findings

Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined by the presence of myocardial necrosis in combination with clinical evidence of myocardial ischemia. Cardiac troponins are regulatory proteins within the myocardium that are released into the circulation when damage to the myocyte has occurred. Therefore, serum troponin is an exquisitely sensitive marker of myocardial injury and is necessary for establishing the diagnosis of MI. High-sensitivity troponin assays are improving the diagnostic accuracy and rapid detection of myocardial infarction. The early identification of MI is vital for the institution of anti-thrombotic therapy to limit myocardial damage and preserve cardiac function. Troponin has both diagnostic and prognostic significance in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Increased troponin levels in the absence of ACS should prompt an evaluation for an alternative, non-thrombotic mechanism of troponin elevation and direct management at the underlying cause. This review describes the role of troponin in the evaluation of patients with suspected myocardial infarction.
Physical consequences of depression in the stroke patient

The past literature suggests the hypothesis that depression is associated with decreased physical functional ability in stroke patients. On a medical rehabilitation ward, 21 stroke patients were evaluated for depression by psychiatric interview and self-report, and were also rated on the Barthel's Functional Index (BFI). The hypothesis was supported: Patients scoring 17 or higher on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (N = 7) had lower initial scores on the BFI than patients with lower BDI scores. There was a trend for these seven depressed patients to improve more slowly as ascertained by the BFI. Depression was suggested to lower functional ability by increasing fatigue, hopelessness, and decreasing motivation.
SU‐GG‐T‐102: Implementation of a Comprehensive Quality Assurance Regime for the Deliverance of Electron Conformai Radiotherapy Using Custom Bolus Compensators

Purpose:Quality Assurance (QA) practices for bolus conformai electron radiotherapy have not been well‐established. This study proposes a three‐step QA program for patient‐specific electron bolus radiotherapy encompassing planning, imaging, compensator design, dosimetry verification, and patient alignment. Method and Materials: First, to evaluate patient‐specific compensator design, a re‐CT of the patient was taken with the manufactured bolus to compare dose calculation results with the initial planned virtual bolus. However, the standard visual doseinspection was extended to include a gamma analysis of the exported fluence plane of the virtual and real compensator. Next, to evaluate absolute skin dosimetry at treatment delivery, optically‐stimulated luminescent (OSL)dosimeters were placed on the patient surface below the compensator, and dose measurements were compared to the treatment planning system calculation. Finally, accurate treatment delivery is most dependent on the ability to position the compensator with each fraction. To aid this, imaged‐guided cone‐beam CTradiotherapy was incorporated with fiducial markers adhered onto the compensator and skin for patient alignment. Relative three‐dimensional adjustment was carried out and evaluated prior to treatment using image‐to‐image fiducial alignment. Results:Dose fluence planes were compared using a three‐millimeter distance‐to‐agreement and three‐percent gamma calculation representing the percentage of pixels with gamma factors greater than unity. Retrospective patient fluence comparisons showed high correlation between ineligible compensator placements and reportable gamma results. OSLdosimeters were found to be a reliable and convenient means of first‐fraction dose verification. Additionally, surface fiducial markers may indicate better positioning via image alignment. Conclusions: Additional QA steps beyond current practice are needed for the clinical implementation of bolus electron radiotherapy. These steps represent an end‐to‐end test which may be used to design patient eligibility criteria while maintaining quality of care for these patients. Conflict of Interest: This study was sponsored by .decimal, Inc., Sanford, Florida.
Is it always wrong to perform futile CPR

Although the interests of the patient are always primary, Dr. Robert Truog writes that at the end of life there are times when the interests of the patient begin to wane, while those of the family intensify.
Dynamic modelling using FORTRAN IV

Abstract A recipe is presented for transcribing System Dynamics models or programs written in DYNAMO into FORTRAN IV. The several small- and medium-size System Dynamic models which have received popular and widespread attention can therefore be presented in a language which is more widely available. In addition, the use of FORTRAN permits the construction and saving of object or load modules from the source programs, which may be useful in repetitive classroom exercises. The FORTRAN programmer takes upon himself much of the effort which the DYNAMO processor assumed, but allows himself the use of the FORTRAN library of functions, and more flexible input-output. Four examples are presented: the first shows the construction of delays in FORTRAN (a DYNAMO macro); the second and third, models for “The Tragedy of the Commons” and a simple predator-prey system, have found use in undergraduate teaching; the fourth is a transcription of the World Model of Prof. J. W. Forrester.