cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Canopying plug-in electric vehicles parking lots with photovoltaic panels

In order to mitigate the energy security and environmental issues concerned with fossil fuels, renewable energy resources such photovoltaic (PV) panels are suggested to be utilized in the electrical distribution systems. In this study, in order to minimize charging cost of the plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), conventional grid-supplied PEVs parking lots are proposed to be canopied with PV panels, since parking lots occupy a considerable surface of a city. Also, the solar parking lots can cool down PEVs, charge their batteries, and even deliver excess energy to the grid. In this paper, value of the net benefit due to equipping a solar parking lot with PV panels are investigated over the life time of the PV panels with and without presence an energy storage. Herein, the cost and income terms include investment cost for purchasing the PV panels, investment cost for purchasing a battery, and benefit due to charging the PEVs with free energy generated by the PV panels. Moreover, the problem is simulated from different staring years considering the real prices of the PV panels and battery. In addition, the cost-to-benefit transition year is determined in every simulation.
Observations of Fish Consumption by Piping Plovers

Abstract Between April 2014 and August 2015, we observed 4 Charadrius melodus (Piping Plover) consume small, dead fish, including Anchoa mitchilli (Bay Anchovy) on New York barrier islands. These observations are among the first documented evidence of vertebrate prey in Piping Plover diets. While fish consumption is an opportunistic and infrequent occurrence, this behavior may supplement important nutrients in the diet of Piping Plovers in areas without access to high-quality food resources. Further diet analyses are necessary to understand the importance and relative contribution of fish as a prey resource for endangered Piping Plovers.
How partisan newspapers represented a pandemic: the case of the Middle East respiratory syndrome in South Korea

ABSTRACTThis study analyzed the coverage by two partisan South Korean newspapers of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) pandemic, examining differences in their use of news frames and cited sources. A content analysis revealed that Hankyoreh, the left-wing newspaper, placed more emphasis on attributing responsibility to the government and society. In contrast, Chosun Ilbo, the right-wing newspaper, placed more emphasis on attributing responsibility to the individual. Severity/uncertainty, economic consequences, and statistical data frame were utilized more in Hankyoreh than the expected frequency. On the other hand, human interest and reassurance frame were utilized more in Chosun Ilbo than the expected frequency. Regarding the sources used in news stories, Hankyoreh used significantly more sources from local governments than did Chosun Ilbo. On the other hand, Chosun Ilbo used significantly more sources from medical agencies and experts than did Hankyoreh. This study advances previous research on...
Variations in Rainfall and Insured Crop-Hail Losses Associated with Operational Cloud Seeding in South Dakota

A brief review of operational cloud seeding programs in South Dakota is given, followed by an evaluation on the basis of rainfall data and insured crop-hail loss data for the years 1948-1978. All of the projects used silver iodide as the seeding agent, but a wide variety of generator types, seeding rates, and delivery methods was used. In years w.ith aircraft seeding over small areas, both rainfall and hail damage tended to be larger in target than in non-target counties. The data available do not show such a trend for years when ground-based generators were employed. In years when 40%or more of the state was seeded, the results for target and non-target counties becameindistinguishable in terms of both rainfall and crop hail damage. However, increases in the area included in cloud seeding programs, using either ground based or airborne generators, were associated with an apparent net hail suppression effect, extending over the entire state. The rainfall data do not display such a trend.
Towards a Framework for Human Factors in Underwater Robotics

This paper presents a study identifying the human-, robot-, task-, and environmental-related factors that impact the feasibility and usability of semi Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (sAUVs) from a ...
Patent Reform: Round Two

With the passage of what ended up as the America Invents Act in 2011, an extended, multi-year effort — often characterized as “patent reform” — reached something of a culmination. The Act outlined several significant changes in patent law, the first being a change in who was entitled to obtain a patent when two or more inventors were competing. The new “First inventor to file” (as compared to “First to Invent”) was seen as more equitable and consistent with worldwide patent practices. Other changes made patents more difficult to obtain by expanding what is considered to be the “prior art” that can show an invention is not unique. Other changes were intended to “streamline” the patent system for U.S. inventors, thus leading to the final name of the Act and the politicians’ advocacy that the new law “creates jobs.” What the America Invents Act did not do was close out the need for patent reform, particularly with the continuing challenge of so-called “patent trolls”.
Gene Editing With TALEN and CRISPR/Cas in Rice

Engineered, site-specific nucleases induce genomic double-strand DNA breaks and break repair processes enable genome editing in a plethora of eukaryotic genomes. TALENs (transcription activator-like effector nucleases) and CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins) are potent biotechnological tools used for genome editing. In rice, species-tailored editing tools have proven to be efficient and easy to use. Both tools are capable of generating DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in vivo and such breaks can be repaired either by error-prone NHEJ (nonhomologous end joining) that leads to nucleotide insertions or deletions or by HDR (homology-directed repair) if an appropriate exogenous DNA template is provided. NHEJ repair often results in gene knockout, while HDR results in precise nucleotide sequence or gene replacement. In this review, we revisit the molecular mechanisms underlying DSB repair in eukaryotes and review the TALEN and CRISPR technologies (CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/Cpf1, and Base Editor) developed and utilized for genome editing by scientists in rice community.
You’re Deaf? Breaking through Myths for Effective Therapeutic Practice

Most mental health practitioners provide services to hearing clients and might be unprepared when a deaf individual requests services. The purpose of this article is to explore commonly held stereotypes and myths about deaf people and to provide guidance to clinicians who encounter deaf clients in their practices. Myths and stereotypes can affect the way clinicians perceive their clients' needs. This can lead to miscommunication, misunderstanding, and misinformation, which can harm the therapeutic relationship, thus making effective therapy unattainable. Clinicians should reframe these beliefs and overcome barriers to make way for the therapeutic process to begin.
Systemic inflammatory event induces persistent dysregulation of memory and gene expression

A systemic inflammatory event occurring during illness or surgery may result in memory deficits that last for years after recovery. To understand how transient inflammatory signaling induces persistent alterations in memory, we used subchronic systemic immune challenge and examined long-lasting changes in memory, gene expression, and epigenetic modifications. Since males and females differ in immune responses and susceptibility to persistent memory deficits, we compared both sexes. Our paradigm used intermittent systemic injections of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS: 250 μg/kg) or polyI:C (6 mg/kg). Persistent changes in hippocampal-dependent memory were assessed eight weeks after the last injection using contextual fear conditioning and novel-object recognition. We observed sex-specific dysregulation of hippocampal-dependent memory that depended on type of immune challenge. Males showed impairments in contextual fear conditioning after polyI:C treatment and impairments in object recognition after both types of immune challenges while females showed increased fear-associated memory but impairments in object recognition after LPS treatment. Sex-specific, enduring changes in gene expression in the hippocampus were detected using RNA-sequencing, with differential expression of growth factor signaling, activity-dependent transcription factors, and immune related pathways in males and monoaminergic-associated signaling in females. Histone acetylation marks associated with changes in gene expression were of particular interest. Collectively, these data demonstrate that a systemic immune challenge induces sustained dysregulation of hippocampal-dependent memory and enduring differences in gene expression that may underlie the changes in memory.
Defending Against Packet-Size Side-Channel Attacks in Iot Networks

Motivated by privacy issues in the Internet of Things (IoT), we generalize a previously proposed privacy-preserving packet obfuscation scheme to guarantee differential privacy. We propose a locally differentially private packet obfuscation mechanism as a defense against packet-size side-channel attacks in IoT networks. We formulate the problem as an optimization over a conditional probability distribution (channel) between the original and obfuscated packet sizes and show that the optimal set of obfuscated packet sizes is a strict subset of the set of original packet sizes. We study the optimal mechanisms for minimizing the (average or min-max) bandwidth overhead subject to a privacy constraint by solving the corresponding (linear or convex) program. We demonstrate our methods on synthetic and real data to illustrate privacy-bandwidth tradeoffs in different settings. Systems with many bandwidth-intensive devices can easily mask low-bandwidth devices. For data collected from actual smart home $\mathrm{IoT}$ devices, we show how the packet size distributions become increasingly indistinguishable as the level of privacy protection increases. The proposed mechanism highlights the possibility for bandwidth-constrained users to optimally tune their privacy preferences and trade off privacy with bandwidth.
Atomistic simulations of the strengthening effect of high-density bubble formation in helium irradiated single crystalline copper

Abstract We performed atomistic simulations to study the strengthening effect of He bubbles with different He atom concentrations within single crystal copper matrix. Uniaxial tensile deformation test demonstrated mechanical strengthening and enhanced ductility of single crystal copper hosting such He bubbles containing high-density He atoms. The yield strength and failure strain have been observed to increase up to vacancy/He ratio of 1:3, followed by a sharp decrease at the vacancy/He ratio of 1:4. Formation of 3D regions with distinct crystallographic orientation has been characterized during the evolution of high-density He bubbles. Considerable number of sessile dislocations have been observed to form in the boundary of those 3D regions for the sample with vacancy to He atom ratio of 1:2 and 1:3 during equilibration. These sessile dislocations contribute towards the observed mechanical strengthening along with Cu/He interfacial energetics. Higher He atom concentration also results into enhancement of total dislocation density with a substantial reduction in mobility of dislocations in copper which promotes homogeneous plastic deformation. During plastic flow, He bubbles undergo significant decrystallization, detwinning, and formation of Shockley partials, while copper exhibits ordinary dislocation-mediated plasticity. The rate of growth of the He bubbles shows significant influence on plastic deformation via coalescence of the He bubbles in the solid region and leads to ultimate failure of the sample.
Assessing models for estimation and methods for uncertainty quantification for spatial return levels

The return level estimation is an essential topic in studying spatial extremes for environmental data. Recently, various models for spatial extremes have emerged, which generally yield different estimates for return levels, given the same data. In the meantime, several approaches that obtain confidence intervals (CIs) for return levels have arisen, and the results from different approaches can also largely disagree. These pose natural questions for assessing different return level estimation methods and different CI derivation approaches. In this article, we compare an array of popular models for spatial extremes in return level estimation, as well as three approaches in CI derivation, through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show that in general, max‐stable models yield return level estimates with similar mean squared error, and the spatial generalized extreme value model also provides comparable estimates. The bootstrap method is recommended for max‐stable models to compute the CI, and the profile likelihood CI works well for spatial generalized extreme value. We also evaluate the methods for return level interpolation at unknown spatial locations and find that kriging of marginal return level estimates performs as well as max‐stable models.
Accident Analysis and Risk Assessment

Concerns about safety are part of life. Success depends on anticipation: From the all-too-well-known “drive defensively” in the “battleground” of the highways, to a good game of chess, to the intricate state of preparedness in the cold war, safety—and thus success of survival—depends upon our ability to anticipate future challenges and be ready with an adequate response.
Inclusions With and Without Free Surfaces in a Plane Strain

The stress field and strain energy of inclusions with and without free surfaces in a plane strain condition are studied via an atomistic approach, in which a triangular lattice is considered with linear atomic interactions. The result of a polygonal inclusion in an infinite matrix shows that the stress concentrations at the polygonal vertices increase as the ratio of inclusion shear modulus to matrix shear modulus, µ*/µ, increases. The strain energy is nearly proportional to µ*/(2µ* + µ), which is the proportionality constant for an elliptic inclusion with a dilatational eigenstrain. For an undergrowth whose one side is free of traction, a maximum principal stress analysis reveals stress concentrations in a tensile mode at its traction-free side, indicating a possibility of crack initiation for a brittle undergrowth. For an overgrowth whose three sides are free of traction, a number of interesting results are found. Unlike an undergrowth or inclusion, the stress is mostly confined in the neighborhood of the overgrowth—substrate interface. For a positive eigenstrain, the stress field starts with a strong compressive state at the interface area and diminishes as the distance from the interface increases. However, nearby the substrate, the traction-free perimter of an overgrowth is also found to be in a tensile stress mode. Quite different from the case of inclusions and undergrowths is that the total strain energy associated with an overgrowth approaches an asymptotic value as its thickness increases. That is, the strain energy density of an overgrowth is found to depend on its shape and also on its size.
Interpersonal continuity of primary care of veterans with diabetes: a cohort study using electronic health record data

Continuity of care is a cornerstone of primary care and is important for patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes. The study objective was to examine patient, provider and contextual factors associated with interpersonal continuity of care (ICoC) among Veteran’s Health Administration (VHA) primary care patients with diabetes. This patient-level cohort study (N = 656,368) used electronic health record data of adult, pharmaceutically treated patients (96.5% male) with diabetes at national VHA primary care clinics in 2012 and 2013. Each patient was assigned a “home” VHA facility as the primary care clinic most frequently visited, and a primary care provider (PCP) within that home clinic who was most often seen. Patient demographic, medical and social complexity variables, provider type, and clinic contextual variables were utilized. We examined the association of ICoC, measured as maintaining the same PCP across both years, with all variables simultaneously using logistic regression fit with generalized estimating equations. Among VHA patients with diabetes, 22.3% switched providers between 2012 and 2013. Twelve patient, two provider and two contextual factors were associated with ICoC. Patient characteristics associated with disruptions in ICoC included demographic factors, medical complexity, and social challenges (example: homeless at any time during the year OR = 0.79, CI = 0.75–0.83). However, disruption in ICoC was most likely experienced by patients whose providers left the clinic (OR = 0.09, CI = 0.07–0.11). One contextual factor impacting ICoC included NP regulation (most restrictive NP regulation (OR = 0.79 CI = 0.69–0.97; reference least restrictive regulation). ICoC is an important mechanism for the delivery of quality primary care to patients with diabetes. By identifying patient, provider, and contextual factors that impact ICoC, this project can inform the development of interventions to improve continuity of chronic illness care.
Influence of Production Practice Information on Consumer Eating Quality Ratings of Beef Top Loin Steaks

The purpose of this study was to identify if consumers’ palatability scores of beef top loin steaks were affected by disclosing production practices or brands related to each product. Strip loins were selected to represent 5 treatments: Grain-Fed Natural (Natural), Certified Angus Beef (CAB), Local Grass Fed (Grass), USDA Select (Conventional), and USDA Certified Organic (Organic). Two separate experiments were conducted (n = 120/experiment). In Experiment 1 and 2, panelists received the 5 treatment samples in a standard blind testing format in segment 1 (S1). In the second segment (S2) of Experiment 1, short descriptions were read aloud to participants before receiving each of their 5 samples, but all samples were actually USDA Select (false disclosure). In the second segment of Experiment 2, treatment descriptions were provided that matched the 5 treatments samples (true disclosure). When consumers evaluated samples in S1, they rated the Natural and CAB samples more tender and juicier (P < 0.05) than the other 3 treatments, and Organic was the least tender. Flavor and overall liking were greater (P < 0.05) for Natural and CAB steaks, while Conventional was intermediate, and flavor and overall liking were lowest for Grass and Organic (P < 0.05). When consumers received Select samples representing the 5 treatments, false disclosure decreased tenderness and juiciness of Natural, increased flavor liking of CAB, and increased tenderness, flavor liking, and overall liking of Organic (P < 0.05). True treatment disclosure increased flavor liking and overall liking of CAB and Grass, increased overall liking of Natural, and decreased juiciness of Conventional (P < 0.05). These results indicate consumers’ perception of eating quality can be influenced by quality differentiated brand names and labeling claims, particularly claims related to production practices.
Diversifying the Donor Pool: How Did Seattle's Democracy Voucher Program Reshape Participation in Municipal Campaign Finance?

In this article, we evaluate whether an innovative new campaign finance program in Seattle, Washington, shifted the composition of campaign donors in local elections. In 2015, voters in Seattle app...
Diversity Routing to Improve Delay-Jitter Tradeoff in Uncertain Network Environments

In this paper we propose a novel approach to deliver better delay-jitter performance in dynamic networks. Dynamic networks experience rapid and unpredictable fluctuations and hence, a certain amount of uncertainty about the delay-performance of various network elements is unavoidable. This uncertainty makes it difficult for network operators to guarantee a certain quality of service (in terms of delay and jitter) to users. The uncertainty about the state of the network is often overlooked to simplify problem formulation, but we capture it by modeling the delay on various links as general and potentially correlated random processes. Within this framework, a user will request a certain delay-jitter performance guarantee from the network. After verifying the feasibility of the request, the network will respond to the user by specifying a set of routes as well as the proportion of traffic which should be sent through each one to achieve the desired quality of service. We propose to use mean-variance analysis as the basis for traffic distribution and route selection, and show that this technique can significantly reduce the end-to-end jitter because it accounts for the correlated nature of delay across different paths. The resulting traffic distribution is often non-uniform and the fractional flow on each path is the solution to a simple convex optimization problem. We conclude the paper by commenting on the potential application of this method to general transportation networks.
Current Management of Pleuropulmonary Blastoma: A Surgical Perspective.

Pleuropulmonary blastomas (PPB) are pediatric, embryonal cancers of the lung parenchyma and pleural surfaces and are among the most common DICER1—related disorders. These tumors undergo evolution through several forms, allowing division into types I, Ir, II, and III, with correlates to the age of diagnosis and prognosis. We sought to provide a comprehensive review of the relevant literature describing the characteristics of these tumors and their multidisciplinary treatment, with an emphasis on surgical management. We describe the complementary roles of chemotherapy and surgery in the successful management of this disease. We discuss the timing of surgery and options for surgical approaches. We address the differentiation of PPB from congenital pulmonary airway malformation and the role of DICER1 testing for children with pulmonary cysts.
Demonstration of a Free-Space Optical Delay Line Using Space-Time Wave Packets

We show that space-time wave-packets whose group velocities are continuously tunable in free space provide a potential platform for optical delay-lines and all-optical buffers by providing group delays that far exceed the pulse widths.
THE CF QUANTUM SWEAT TEST: NOT READY FOR CLINICAL USE

The CF Quantum Test (CFQT) showed promise in a previous pilot study, however there was greater imprecision in one patch lot. Following the pilot study, the manufacturer changed their fabricating procedures. Subjects with previously diagnosed CF or subjects who required a sweat test for clinical reasons were invited to undergo the CFQT research test and a conventional sweat test (Macroduct®; collection and chloride analysis via the ChloroChek®; chloridometer). Previously diagnosed CF (n= 41) and CRMS (CFTR-related metabolic syndrome)/CFSPID (cystic fibrosis screen positive inconclusive diagnosis) (n= 3) patients and patients who required a sweat test for clinical indications (n=22) were recruited to have bilateral CFQT along with the Macroduct®; test performed on the same day. Pairs of data from each test were plotted as a correlation graph, bias plot and Bland Altman plot. Coefficient of variation (CV) between extremities and QNS rates for both tests were calculated. The CV between left and right extremities was greater in the CFQT (9.5%) compared to the Macroduct®; (4.8%). The QNS (quantity not sufficient) rates of the two tests were comparable (CFQT: 6.8%; Macroduct®;: 6.0%). There was greater imprecision with the CFQT results. The diagnostic agreement between the two tests was 100% positive percent agreement (95% CI: 90–100%), 100% negative percent agreement (95% CI: 80–100%), 67% intermediate percent agreement (95% CI: 30%–80%), and 92% overall percent agreement (95% CI: 80–100%). This follow-up study demonstrated that the CFQT is not analytically nor diagnostically reliable. (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01345617)
Higher Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Retail Prices After Excise Taxes in Oakland and San Francisco

Objectives. To examine how much sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) excise taxes increased SSB retail prices in Oakland and San Francisco, California.Methods. We collected pretax (April–May 2017) and po...
No Crystal Stair: Predictors of Pessimism Among Black Men:

Social scientists have paid scant attention to factors relating to pessimism among Black American men. Drawing from Fankl’s existentialist framework, this study explored the association between lif...
Exogenous Salicylic Acid Enhances Post-Transplant Success of Heated Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue Sod

A primary economic concern of sod producers is loss of sod quality during the transportation and storage phases of a sale. Previous research and field experience indicate that soil and plant respiration rates, and thus the rate of pallet heating, may be reduced by harvesting in the morning, lowering mowing heights and removing clippings, and minimizing tissue nitrogen and soil moisture before harvest. However, even when proper cultural guidelines are followed, excessive sod heating and tissue damage often occurs. Various pre- and post-harvest chemical treatments aimed at protecting leaf tissue integrity during and after supraoptimal heating have shown promise for increasing transplant success. One of these compounds is the natural plant growth regulator salicylic acid (SA). This study was conducted to investigate the influence of pre-harvest foliar application of SA on transplant injury and root strength of tall fescue (TF; Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and Kentucky bluegrass (KBG; Poa pratensis L.) sod following supraoptimal heating. Salicylic acid was applied at 0.5 kg ha -1 to the turfgrass 10 d before harvest and canopy photochemical efficiency was measured 1 d before harvest. Harvested and rolled sod was subjected to high temperature stress (38-40°C for 72 or 96 h), transplanted into the field, and injury and root strength were determined. Application of SA enhanced the pre-harvest canopy photochemical efficiency of KBG and TF sod in both years. Averaged over years and heat duration, SA increased canopy photochemical efficiency by 12% for KBG and 14% for TF. Salicylic acid reduced visual injury and enhanced post-harvest root strength in both years. Averaged over years and heat duration, SA increased transplant root strength by 26% for KBG and 9% for TF. These data suggest that pre-harvest foliar SA application may improve shelf life and transplant success of supraoptimally heated cool-season sod.
Modeling user interaction with app-based reward system: A graphical model approach integrated with max-margin learning

Abstract In recent years, there has been a rapid growth of smart apps that could interact with users and implement personalized rewards to coordinate and change user behavior. Understanding user behavior is an enabling factor for the success of these promising apps. However, existing statistical models for modeling user behavior encounter limitations. Choice models based on Random Utility Maximization (RUM) commonly assume that the data collection is independent with the human behavior. However, when users interact with the apps, the real potential and also the real challenge for modeling user behavior is that the apps not merely are data collection tools, but also change users’ behaviors. In this work, we model the user behavior as a graphical model, examine our hypothesis that existing choice models are not suitable, and develop an interesting computational strategy using max-margin formulation to overcome the learning challenge of the our proposed graphical model that is named the Latent Decision Threshold (LDT) model.
(4-Aminopyridine)-PLGA-PEG as a Novel Thermosensitive and Locally Injectable Treatment for Acute Peripheral Nerve Injury.

Traumatic peripheral nerve injury (TPNI) represents a major medical problem that results in loss of motor and sensory function, and in severe cases, limb paralysis and amputation. To date, there ar...
Prospects of Developing Multi-Megawatt Gyrotrons for Bulk Heating of Controlled Thermonuclear Reactors

Nearly 20 years have elapsed since basic theoretical and experimental studies confirmed the validity of the electron cyclotron maser gain mechanism. The leading effort in exploiting this knowledge to develop a new class of millimeter-wave oscillators at uniquely high power levels was made in the Soviet Union. This effort led to the announcement in 1974 of efficient kilowatt-level, CW gyrotron oscillators at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths [1], and in 1978 to the announcement of megawatt long-pulse devices at 3 and 6.7 mm wavelengths [2]. An effort in the U.S. has also been set into motion to produce gyrotron oscillators for fusion plasma heating experiments. Gyrotrons producing kJ pulses of energy have been developed by Varian Associates at 28 GHz [3], and by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) at 35 GHz [4]. The latter device is presently being deployed in electron-cyclotron-resonance-heating (ECRH) experiments.
Gaussian Process Regression and Monte Carlo Simulation to Determine VOC Biomarker Concentrations Via Chemiresistive Gas Nanosensors

Utilizing chemiresistive gas sensors for volatile organic compound (VOC) detection has been a growing area of investigation in the last decade. VOCs have been extensively studied as potential biomarkers for biomedical applications as they are byproducts of metabolic pathways which are dysregulated by disease. Therefore, sensor arrays have been fabricated in previous studies to detect VOC biomarkers. In the process of testing these sensors, it is highly advantageous to quantify the concentration of the VOC biomarkers with high accuracy to diagnose the disease with high sensitivity and specificity. To investigate, analyze, and understand the relation between the concentrations of the VOC to the sensor resistance response, Gaussian Process (GP) models were implemented to predict the behavior of the data with respect to the resistance when the sensor is exposed to a range of concentrations of VOCs. Additionally, the relation between the concentration and resistance of the sensor was studied to predict the concentration of the VOC when a resistance is obtained. Monte Carlo Simulation Sampling from the GP model was utilized to generate data to further understand the trend. The results demonstrated that the relation between the concentration and resistance is linear. The model was tested with sampling data and its accuracy was evaluated.
Transdiagnostic Behavior Therapy (TBT) for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a highly prevalent disorder that has a number of overlapping symptoms with and is frequently comorbid with other affective disorders. Despite its prevalence, the evidence-based therapies (EBTs) for GAD have lagged behind the EBTs for the other affective disorders. The newly developed transdiagnostic psychotherapies may be well suited to the highly overlapping and comorbid presentations of GAD. The present case study involves a veteran with GAD receiving Transdiagnostic Behavior Therapy (TBT), a transdiagnostic behavioral intervention designed for veterans with affective disorders, but has yet to be investigated in GAD, a disorder with a significant cognitive component. The veteran case completed 8 sessions of TBT. Significant symptom improvements were evidenced at post-treatment assessment and sustained at follow-up. The present case study provides very preliminary evidence to suggest that transdiagnostic EBTs, such as TBT, may be a potentially effective treatment for GAD.
DYNAMIC CONSERVATION INTEGRALS AS DISSIPATIVE MECHANISMS IN THE EVOLUTION OF INHOMOGENEITIES

By the application of Noether’s theorem, conservation laws in linear elastodynamics are derived by invariance of the Lagrangian functional under a class of infinitesimal transformations. The recent work of Gupta and Markenscoff (2012) providing a physical meaning to the dynamic J -integral as the variation of the Hamiltonian of the system due to an infinitesimal translation of the inhomogeneity if linear momentum is conserved in the domain, is extended here to the dynamic M- and L-integrals in terms of the “if” conditions. The variation of the Lagrangian is shown to be equal to the negative of the variation of the Hamiltonian under the above transformations for inhomogeneities, which provides a physical meaning to the dynamic J -, L- and M-integrals as dissipative mechanisms in elastodynamics. We prove that if linear momentum is conserved in the domain, then the total energy loss of the system per unit scaling under the infinitesimal scaling transformation of the inhomogeneity is equal to the dynamic Mintegral, and if linear and angular momenta are conserved then the total energy loss of the system per unit rotation under the infinitesimal rotational transformation is equal to the dynamic L-integral. Conservation laws can be expressed as dissipative mechanisms related to the variation of the energy of the system due to infinitesimal configurational variations in the inhomogeneities. Eshelby [1951] used the energy momentum tensor to define the force on an elastic singularity as a variation of the total energy of the body due to the infinitesimal displacement of the defect. Furthermore, he provided additional insights by extending this idea in a series of papers [Eshelby 1956; 1970; 1975] through his ingenious cutting and rewelding thought experiment. Rice [1968] independently discovered the two-dimensional path-independent J -integral for a crack. Gunther [1962] and Knowles and Sternberg [1972] derived two additional nontrivial conservation laws (M- and L-integrals) by applying Noether’s theorem [Noether 1918] in linear elastostatics. Rice and Drucker [1967] calculated the energy changes during the growth of voids and cracks. Budiansky and Rice [1973] interpreted these new laws as energy release rates associated with the expansion and the rotation rates of a cavity or a crack. Rice [1985] provided further applications of these integrals to the defects. Fletcher [1976] extended the application of Noether’s theorem to derive the conservation laws in linear elastodynamics, and established the completeness of the corresponding conservation laws under a certain group of the infinitesimal transformations. Hermann [1981; 1982] presented a unified formulation to recover the conservations laws by employing different vector calculus operations on the Lagrangian
In vitro models of human disease states

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the treatment of most systemic diseases that involves the administration of drugs and it is apparent that drug-based therapeutic strategies will predominate into the 21st century. However, efficacious agents are not available for the treatment of many conditions that debilitate humans—for example, cancer, hepatitis, and malaria. Drug discovery may be based on a variety of approaches, including random screening, combinatorial chemistry, rational design, or natural products. From the outset, it is typically appealing to consider the use of models employing laboratory animals. It can be demonstrated that animal models are often precluded because of time, expense, and ethical considerations. In vitro test systems are deficient in a number of respects—for example, high rates of false positives, little potential for metabolism, the lack of ability to accurately reflect metabolic disposition, etc. It is not a trivial matter to devise appropriate test panels, bearing in mind factors such as capacity, expense, safety, and sensitivity, in addition to physiologic significance.
Planned Observations of Hot Gas in the LISM

We plan to observe hot gas in the local interstellar medium (LISM) at high resolution using a rocket-borne spectrograph that can simultaneously observe OVI, NV and CIV at resolutions of 1 – 2 km s−1. Data from a single flight will have sufficient signal to noise ratio to detect a broad 50 km s−1 component down to a column density of N ≥ 0.5 × 1013 cm−2. High-velocity components as fast as 300 km s−1 can be detected. New high resolution observations of hot gas absorption line profiles will probe the kinematics of the local bubble, and comparison between the carbon, nitrogen and oxygen profiles will allow discrimination between the various production models.
Back to Basics: Determining a Child's Habitual Residence in International Child Abduction Cases Under the Hague Convention

Since 1980, the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (Child Abduction Convention) has been ratified by eightyone countries, including the United States. The Child Abduction Convention addresses the growing problem of child abductions by estranged parents across international borders and the diverse methods that different countries have developed for dealing with this problem. It provides for a simple summary-return mechanism to be administered by the courts of member states: a wrongfully removed (or retained) child is to be returned to (or permitted to stay in) his or her country of “habitual residence.” However, the Child Abduction Convention does not define the term “habitual residence,” and so courts worldwide have been forced to shape their own standards. In the United States, a rough divide stands between those federal circuit courts that emphasize the parents’ last shared subjective intentions in determining “habitual residence” and those that focus on objective indicators of a child’s acclimatization. This Note argues in favor of an objective approach because it best accomplishes the Child Abduction Convention’s aim of instituting a globally uniform and efficient process for resolving international child abduction disputes.
'Been to the Nation, Lord, but I Couldn't Stay There'

This essay takes as its case study the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma's 2007 vote to disenfranchise approximately 2,800 Cherokee Freedmen (African-Cherokee descendents of slaves once held by members of the Cherokee Nation) in violation of the treaty the Cherokee Nation signed with the United States in 1866 to end the Civil War. Arguing that indigenous sovereignty and political status is incommensurable with the ‘internal’ to the United States, the essay provides a genealogy of ‘internal colonialism’ in order to track how it has emerged as descriptor within postcolonial theory for indigenous peoples' relations with the United States. In order to place indigenous critical theory into conversation with subaltern studies, the essay argues that disaggregating processes of racialization from colonization makes the ongoing settler colonization of indigenous nations visible in conversation with subaltern studies at the same time that it reveals the persistent racisms that have continued to inflect Cherokee nationalism.
Complexity in space plasmas

Abstract The phenomenon of complexity related to intermittent turbulence in space plasmas is described. The ideas are based on the stochastic behavior of coherent structures that arise from plasma resonances. The concept of topological magnetic reconfiguration due to coarse-grained dissipation is also introduced.
Puzzled: Parsing partitions

Welcome to three new puzzles. Solutions to the first two will be published next month; the third is (as yet) unsolved. In each, the issue is how your intuition matches up with the mathematics.
Historical, Scientific, Clinical and Feminist Criticisms of “The Human Sexual Response Cycle” Model

This chapter argues that the human sexual response cycle (HSRC) model of sexuality is flawed from scientific, clinical, and feminist points of view. The sexuality that is measured is taken to be the definition of sexuality itself. The HSRC model has had a profound impact on clinical sexology through its role as the centerpiece of contemporary diagnostic nomenclature. The chapter examines how sexual problems are linked to mental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and how the HSRC was used in the sexuality section. One deleterious clinical consequence of the utilization of the HSRC model as the sexual norm has been increased focus on segmented psychophysiological functioning. The HSRC assumes that men and women have and want the same kind of sexuality since physiological research suggests that in some ways, and under selected test conditions, we are built the same.
Role for mammalian chitinase 3‐like protein 1 in traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is accompanied by inflammatory infiltrates and CNS tissue response. The astrocytosis associated with TBI has been proposed to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on surviving neural tissue. We recently observed prominent astrocytic expression of YKL-40/chitinase 3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) associated with severity of brain injury. The physiological role of CHI3L1 in the CNS is unknown; however, its distribution at the perimeter of contusions and temporal course of expression suggested that in TBI it might be an important component of the astrocytic response to modulate CNS inflammation. To address this hypothesis, we used serially sectioned brains to quantitatively compare the neuropathological outcomes of TBI produced by controlled cortical impact in wild type (WT) and chi3l1 knockout (KO) mice where the murine YKL-40 homologue, breast regression protein 39 (BRP-39/CHI3l1), had been homozygously disrupted. At 21 days post-injury, chi3l1 KO mice displayed greater astrocytosis (increased GFAP staining) in the hemispheres ipsilateral and contralateral to impact compared with WT mice. Similarly, Iba1 expression as a measure of microglial/macrophage response was significantly increased in chi3l1 KO compared with WT in the hemisphere contralateral to impact. We conclude that astrocytic expression of CHI3L1 limits the extent of both astrocytic and microglial/macrophage facets of neuroinflammation and suggests a novel potential therapeutic target for modulating neuroinflammation.
Muscle Endurance, Cancer-related Fatigue, and Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer Survivors

Introduction: In this study we investigated muscle and cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in prostate cancer survivors (CS) undergoing radiotherapy (RT). Methods: In 13 CS and 12 controls, CRF was assessed by the Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale—Depression subscale (CES-D), physical activity (accelerometer), and hemoglobin levels (Hb). Muscle measures included strength, activation, contractile properties, and endurance during intermittent dorsiflexion. Testing occurred before and after 6 weeks of RT in CS. Results: After RT, the PFS score increased from initial levels in CS only without changes in sleepiness, depression, or physical activity. Hb decreased in CS only [mean (SD): pre, 15 (1.1); post, 14.5 (1.1) g/dl; P = 0.04]. Endurance decreased in CS [mean (SD): pre, 519 (340) s; post, 388 (203) s; P = 0.04] and increased in controls [mean (SD: pre, 616 (387) s; post, 753 (553) s; P = 0.03]. Only endurance was associated with PFS in CS (r = −0.55, P = 0.05). Discussion: Muscle endurance is impaired after RT and may contribute to CRF in CS. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Genetic variation at the Lap locus and ammonia excretion following salinity transfer in an estuarine snail

Abstract 1. 1. Thais haemastoma were transferred from 30 to 15‰ and 15 to 30‰ S and ammonia excretion was measured for 72 hr. 2. 2. Increased ammonia excretion following transfer from high to low salinity was significantly greater in snails with the rare Lap allele, Lap94. 3. 3. Increased rates of nitrogen loss induced by salinity reductions could be responsible for maintaining the Lap94 allele at low frequency in estuarine populations of T. haemastoma.
Reverse martensitic transformation in Fe-Ni-Mn alloy

Etude par miscrocopie electronique en transmission de la germination et croissance de l'austenite produite par la transformation dans l'alliage Fe-19,8 Ni-5,25 Mn
Evaluation of resident applicants by letters of recommendation: A comparison of traditional and behavior-based formats

Rationale and objectives Traditional, narrative letters of recommendation solicited by medical students applying for radiology residency are widely used as a selection tool. Letters of recommendation are considered a source of reliable information about the attitudes and behaviors (non-cognitive variables) of the resident applicant. However, in many instances, this information is not present or is highly encoded and cannot be extracted. This study attempted to document the deficiencies of traditional letters of recommendation and determine the effectiveness of a structured letter of recommendation in obtaining information regarding noncognitive variables. Methods One hundred thirteen randomly selected letters of recommendation were analyzed by two radiologists with experience in residency selection. Deficiencies in inclusion of information or the ability to extract information about noncognitive variables were documented. A standard behavioral assessment was sent to the writers of these letters of recommendation and these results tabulated. Results The traditional letters of recommendation were frequently deficient in data regarding the noncognitive variables. In letters that contained such data, two experienced reviewers could not reliably extract the information. The structured form produced clearly identifiable information about the letter writer's assessment of noncognitive variables. Conclusions Traditional letters of information are frequently deficient in data regarding noncognitive variables. A standardized statement is effective in eliciting information on noncognitive variables related to applicant performance.
Turbulent dissipation in a near‐field river plume: A comparison of control volume and microstructure observations with a numerical model

[1] Data collected from the near-field region (first several kilometers) of the Merrimack River plume are analyzed to provide estimates of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rates. Measurement techniques included a control volume method incorporating density and velocity survey data, and direct dissipation rate measurements by turbulence sensors mounted on an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). These two distinct observational approaches are compared with TKE dissipation rates derived from a highly resolved three-dimensional numerical model. In general, there is good agreement between the three estimates of dissipation rate. Differences occurred in two regions: (1) at the base of the plume, where plume density increased, and (2) in the very near field of the plume, which is characterized by rapid acceleration and strong shoaling. Results suggest that there is a feedback between the turbulence and the plume evolution with the result that the spreading rate of the plume is constrained. A scaling parameterization, relating turbulent dissipation rate to plume density and velocity, is also examined. Immediately seaward of the front this parameterization appears to be consistent with observed rates of dissipation, but progressing seaward, a modification to the parameterization may be necessary to account for plume spreading and deepening.