cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
234: Selective regulation of CXCL1 expression and neutrophil responses by transcription repressor Hes1

Recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation is essential for eliciting competent immune responses. However, uncontrolled neutrophil responses contribute to inappropriate immune activation under a number of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. Therefore, neutrophil responses must be tightly regulated to ensure strong activation while avoiding excessive inflammation. Here we show that transcription repressor hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1) suppresses toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-induced expression of CXCL1, a chemokine crucial for recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation. Interestingly, Hes1 deficiency specifically promotes Cxcl1 expression without affecting expression of other prototypical pro-inflammatory cytokine genes such as Tnf and Ilb . Hes1 negatively regulates Cxcl1 expression and neutrophil recruitment in vivo in a model of LPS-induced peritonitis. In addition, deficiency of Hes1 exacerbated severity of K/BxN serum-induced arthritis, a model of inflammatory arthritis in which neutrophil plays a key pathogenic role. Mechanistically, regulation of Cxcl1 expression by Hes1 is at the transcriptional level but not via modification of TLR4-induced canonical signaling events such as activation of NF-kB. Instead, Hes1 represses Cxcl1 expression by inhibiting occupancy of serine 2-phosphorylated RNA polymerase II, a hallmark of efficient transcription elongation, at the Cxcl1 gene locus. In summary, these results identify Hes1 as a homeostatic negative regulator of CXCL1 expression and neutrophil responses and suggest that targeting Hes1-mediated repressive pathway may represent a novel therapeutic approach that selectively curbs neutrophil-mediated inflammation while preserving other aspects of immunity.
Neurosyphilis as a Cause of Transverse Myelitis in a Teenage Girl.

Abstract Background Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that was nearly eradicated in 2001 but is now making a resurgence. It has a wide range of clinical manifestations depending on disease stage. Neurosyphilis is an infrequently seen infectious disease with central nervous system involvement that can occur in either early- or late-stage syphilis. The diagnosis of neurosyphilis is challenging, primarily because Treponema pallidum, the infecting organism, cannot be cultured in vitro. This article describes a patient with neurosyphilis and reviews the epidemiology and clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and treatment of neurosyphilis. Case Report In compliance with the request of the Privacy Board of our institution, the numerical age of this patient has been omitted. A sexually active teenage girl who was treated for primary syphilis 2 years earlier presented to a tertiary children's hospital with paresthesia and weakness of her right leg, left arm, and neck. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed cervical intramedullary cord edema consistent with transverse myelitis. Serum studies showed positive syphilis enzyme immunoassay, T. pallidum particle agglutination assay, and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption. A serum rapid plasma reagin test was negative. A lumbar puncture was performed with normal cell count and protein. A cerebrospinal fluid Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test was negative. She was diagnosed with neurosyphilis and treated with intravenous steroids and penicillin G, with near complete resolution of symptoms. Why should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? The Centers for Disease Control and prevention has noted a steady rise of the incidence of syphilis since 2002. Emergency physicians should be familiar with the spectrum of the clinical manifestations of syphilis, challenges in diagnostics, and appropriate treatment course.
Glacial buzzcutting limits the height of tropical mountains

Abstract. The widespread correlation between snowline elevation and mountain height is evidence that glacial buzzcutting puts a cap on mountain growth. The match is strongest for mid-latitude ranges, where glacial erosion has persisted over Pleistocene climate cycles and tends to truncate mountain range elevation near the upper limit of the late-Pleistocene snowline. Signs of a glacial buzzsaw are weakest in tropical ranges, where glacial erosion features are sparse and generally restricted to cold periods such as the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here we show that glacial erosion does indeed truncate tropical mountains, often close to the cold-phase snowline. It does so on a cyclic basis, with glacial landscapes expanding during cold periods, and contracting during largely ice-free warm periods as fluvially-driven escarpments encroach on all sides. We find evidence of this cyclicity in the perched terrain of the Chirripo massif in Costa Rica, where surface-exposure age dating and topographic analysis show that LGM denudation occurred across a glacial landscape that has shrunk during post-LGM scarp encroachment. We find a similar story in the Central Range of Taiwan, where scarp encroachment is even more severe. We deduce that, during the Pleistocene, cold-phase glacial erosion has imposed a ceiling on tropical mountain growth, and that even the archetypally steady-state landscape of Taiwan has been subject to strongly cyclic changes in erosion rate.
Demonstration of a chamber for strain mapping of steel specimens under mechanical load in a hydrogen environment by synchrotron radiation

We demonstrate a hydrogen gas chamber suitable for lattice strain measurements and capturing radiographs of a steel specimen under a mechanical load using high energy synchrotron x-rays. The chamber is suitable for static and cyclic mechanical loading. Experiments were conducted at the 1-ID-E end station of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Diffraction patterns show a high signal-to-noise ratio suitable for lattice strain measurements for the specimen and with minimal scattering and overlap from the gas chamber manufactured from aluminum. In situ radiographs of a specimen in the hydrogen chamber show the ability to track a growing crack and to map the lattice strain around the crack with high spatial and strain resolution.
Chiloé Today and Over the Centuries

This introductory chapter presents a broad overview of Chiloe today and its history over the past 500 years. I draw from historical documents, interviews, and participant observation research to describe how the archipelago’s natural environment has shaped the subsistence livelihoods and traditions of Chilotes over the centuries. I emphasize Chono and Huilliche traditions, the impact of Spanish settlers in the 1500s, and the significant changes Chiloe’s social landscape and ecology have undergone since the mid-twentieth century, including threats to the ocean ecosystem—islanders’ primary source of livelihoods today—and the archipelago-wide protests of May 2016. In framing the central questions posed throughout this book, the chapter introduces readers to the defining human-biota relationships in this region of Chile.
METHODS FOR INCREASING REGION 2 POWER CAPTURE ON A VARIABLE SPEED HAWT

β blade pitch (degrees) ψ yaw error (degrees) M adaptive gain (m 5 /rad 3 ) The standard region 2 control scheme for a variable speed wind turbine, τc = kω 2 , has several shortcomings that can result in significant power loss. The first of these is that there is no accurate way to determine the gain k; modeling programs are not accurate enough to represent all of the complex aerodynamics, and these aerodynamics change over time. Furthermore, it is not certain whether the value of k used in the standard control even provides for the maximum energy capture under real-world turbulent conditions. New control ideas are introduced to address these issues. First, it is shown in simulation that using smaller values of k than the standard can result in increased energy capture. Second, an optimally tracking rotor control scheme improves upon the standard scheme by assisting the rotor speed in tracking wind speed fluctuations more rapidly. Finally, an adpative control scheme is proposed that allows for maximum power capture despite parameter uncertainty. n number of steps in adaptation period K∆M positive gain on adaptation law (rad 3 /m 5
Exactly Soluble Hamiltonian with a Squared Cotangent Potential

The exact ground and first-excited state eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are given for a one-dimensional Hamiltonian with the potential \({\raise0.7ex\hbox{$1$} \!\mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace}\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$2$}}\)n(n−1)cot2(x) on the domain x∈[0,π]. Furthermore, an exact eigenvalue spectrum is proposed for all n>1 and the exact eigenfunctions are proposed for n=3. These are simply finite linear combinations of sin(mx) for integer m.
Die Frage nach den Ursachen

Irgendwann in den 1740er-Jahren machte der englische Geistliche Thomas Bayes jene geniale Entdeckung, die heute seinen Namen tragt. Merkwurdigerweise ging er ihr dann aber nicht weiter nach. Die Entdeckung wurde spater und unabhangig von Bayes von einem anderen, weit beruhmteren Mann erneut gemacht: von Pierre-Simon Laplace. Er gab ihr die moderne mathematische Form und erkannte, wie man sie in der Wissenschaft anwenden kann – um sich dann jedoch anderen Verfahren zuzuwenden. Obwohl das Bayes-Theorem die Aufmerksamkeit der bedeutendsten Statistiker des 20. Jahrhunderts auf sich zog, haben einige von ihnen die Methode und ihre Anhanger verunglimpft, und sie so lange zerlegt, bis man sie fur tot erklarte.
Aspects of the Statistical Thermodynamics of Amphiphilic Solutions

Perhaps the most distinctive feature of solutions of amphiphilic molecules is that their microstructure depends sensitively on the bulk thermodynamic variables which specify the state of the system: Dilute solutions of surfactants are isotropic and homogeneous molecular dispersions, while micellar aggregates and a variety of liquid crystalline mesophases are encountered at progressively higher concentrations. Of particular interest in the present discussion is the interplay of self-association and phase equilibria, especially those involving the isotropic micellar phases which have been discussed extensively at this conference. In the following, we indicate some of the important conclusions of recent work in this area and highlight some fundamental open questions. The discussion below is divided into two sections, the first dealing with general aspects of phase equilibria in associating solutions, the second specializing to the neighborhood of second order phase transitions. A common theme here is the concept of effective interactions in micellar solutions, especially near critical points or points of rapidly changing microstructure.
Detrimental effects of fatty acids and their derivatives in ischemic and reperfused myocardium

In 1850, Richard Quain reported in a series of 83 autopsied patients, some of whom in life were troubled by chest and arm pains, shortness of breath, syncopy and fits of coma, a peculiar patchy, pale dirty brown appearance to the surface of the heart on morbid anatomical inspection [1]. This change in color and consistency, which was accompanied by surface or interstitial fat, like ‘oil globules of milk bound in an albuminous envelope’, in a setting of friable muscle fibers ‘appeared to be connected with the causes on which the disease condition depend(ed) — such as obstruction of the coronary arteries’. Rokitansky and Virchow, both of whom thought (erroneously) that atherosclerosis and myocardial fibrosis were due to inflammation, felt this interlarding or fatty metamorphosis of cardiac muscle was an actual conversion of muscle fibrils to molecular fat [2, 3]. Virchow specifically advised that this formation of adipose tissue from connective tissue and parenchyma affected a derangement in motor power [4] or myomalacia cordes, a term that survived into the early twentieth century. From these rudimentary concepts evolved our modern understanding of myocardial ischemia, injury, and infarction and their interdependent relationships with fatty acids and altered lipid metabolism in heart muscle.
The Status of Safety Management Systems at FAR Part 139 Airports

The purpose of this study was to determine the current status of SMS development and implementation at FAR Part 139 airports across the United States. Research questions addressed the following: How many FAR Part 139 airports are engaged in SMS development and implementation? What progress is being made toward SMS development or implementation, as reported by FAR Part 139 airports? What reasons do FAR Part 139 airports identify for not developing or implementing SMS? The researchers utilized a ten question survey questionnaire to address these questions. Descriptive methods of analysis were used. Seventy-four percent of the respondents reported that they currently maintain an aviation safety program, but are not engaged in SMS development or implementation. It appears that many survey respondents are not willing to engage in the development and implementation of SMS until the FAA provides further guidance and resources, or mandates SMS adoption.
Neural correlates of facial emotion processing in infancy

In the present study we examined the neural correlates of facial emotion processing in the first year of life using ERP measures and cortical source analysis. EEG data were collected cross-sectionally from 5- (N = 49), 7- (N = 50), and 12-month-old (N = 51) infants while they were viewing images of angry, fearful, and happy faces. The N290 component was found to be larger in amplitude in response to fearful and happy than angry faces in all posterior clusters and showed largest response to fear than the other two emotions only over the right occipital area. The P400 and Nc components were found to be larger in amplitude in response to angry than happy and fearful faces over central and frontal scalp. Cortical source analysis of the N290 component revealed greater cortical activation in the right fusiform face area in response to fearful faces. This effect started to emerge at 5 months and became well established at 7 months, but it disappeared at 12 months. The P400 and Nc components were primarily localized to the PCC/Precuneus where heightened responses to angry faces were observed. The current results suggest the detection of a fearful face in infants' brain can happen shortly (~200-290 ms) after the stimulus onset, and this process may rely on the face network and develop substantially between 5 to 7 months of age. The current findings also suggest the differential processing of angry faces occurred later in the P400/Nc time window, which recruits the PCC/Precuneus and is associated with the allocation of infants' attention.
Evaluating the Role of Family Context Within a Randomized Adolescent HIV-Risk Prevention Trial

Project STYLE is a multi-site 3-arm RCT comparing family-based, adolescent-only, and general health promotion interventions with 721 adolescents in mental health treatment. This study reports 12-month outcomes for family context and sexual risk behaviors, and explores the role of baseline family context in modifying treatment response. Using the full sample, there were sustained benefits for parent-reported sexual communication (d = 0.28), and adolescent-reported parental monitoring (d = 0.24), with minimal differences in risk behaviors. Latent profile analysis identified four family context classes: struggling (n = 177), authoritative (n = 183), authoritarian (n = 175), and permissive (n = 181). The authoritarian and permissive classes were also distinguished by disagreement between parent and adolescent report of family context. Classes differed in terms of baseline mental health burden and baseline sexual risk behavior. Classes showed different patterns of treatment effects, with the struggling class showing consistent benefit for both family context and sexual risk. In contrast, the authoritarian class showed a mixed response for family context and increased sexual risk.
Topical anesthetic techniques in office-based laryngeal surgery: A comparison of patient preferences.

Objectives Multiple topical anesthesia techniques exist for office-based laryngeal surgery. Our objective was to assess patient and surgeon satisfaction for three different techniques. Study design Cohort study. Methods All consecutive patients presenting to an outpatient laryngology office for awake surgical procedures were enrolled. Patients were anesthetized with local anesthesia (2 cubic centimeters of 4% lidocaine) in one of three ways: 1) nebulizer, 2) flexible cannula through a channeled laryngoscope, or 3) transtracheal instillation. Demographics, procedure times, and surgeon satisfaction were recorded. A validated 11-item patient satisfaction questionnaire (Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Survey) was administered after the procedure to calculate an overall satisfaction score (-3[worst] to 3[best]). Descriptive and correlative statistics were performed. Results One hundred consecutive patients were included (37 females, 73 males), with relatively equal numbers between groups (32 nebulizer, 35 cannula, 33 transtracheal). Seven procedures were aborted (4 nebulizer, 2 cannula, 1 transtracheal) due to movement, anxiety, or technical issues. Three patients did not adequately complete the survey. Of the 90 remaining patients, patient satisfaction was highest with the transtracheal technique (2.04) versus cannula (1.46) or nebulizer (1.45), and this was statistically significant (P = 0.0167). This difference was driven by decreased pain and nausea scores in the transtracheal group. Surgeon satisfaction was lower with nebulizer and higher with transtracheal injection (P = 0.0081). There was a correlation between surgeon satisfaction and patient satisfaction (P Conclusion Transtracheal instillation was favored by both patients and the surgeon. Choice of local anesthetic techniques may impact patient preferences and surgical success. This may serve as a basis for optimizing anesthetic care in office-based laryngeal surgery. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 130:166-170, 2020.
(227) HIV Sensory Neuropathy Related Behaviors in Doxycycline Inducible HIV-1 Tat Transgenic Mice

Peripheral neuropathies are the most frequent neurological complications associated with HIV, within which HIV sensory neuropathy (SN) is the most common form, which affects 30-50% of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. HIV SN is frequently manifested with hard-to-manage pain and is often under-diagnosed and/or under-treated. Tat, trans-activator of transcription, is a key activator of HIV transcription. Despite that recent studies have highlighted the role of HIV Tat in the pathophysiology of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs), the involvement of HIV Tat in neuropathic pain associated with HIV SN has not been extensively investigated. Our preliminary data showed that both single and repeated intrathecal injection(s) of HIV Tat induced mechanical hypersensitivity. In the current study, we further examined pain and functional related behavioral changes in doxycycline inducible HIV-1 Tat transgenic (iTat Tg) mice following the induction of Tat expression. Two induction regimen were compared: 7-day daily injection vs. 21-day daily injection of doxycycline (i.p. at 100mg/kg). Sensory sensitivities (mechanical, heat and cold) were assessed to evaluate pain-like behaviors. Sensory (pin prick assay) and motor (hind limb grip strength, toe spread reflex and toe spacing score) functional tests were used to evaluate hind paw functions associated with Tat expression. Both regimens induced significant mechanical hypersensitivity and significant reduction of grip strength from day 3 post the initiation of Tat induction to the end of the experiment (day 35) in iTat Tg mice. Tat induction for 21 days also significantly induced cold hypersensitivity in iTat Tg mice up to day 14 post-the first doxycycline injection. Neither regimen induced significant heat hypersensitivity or affected other functional measurements. Together, our results suggest the utility of iTat Tg mice in studying the role of Tat in HIV SN. Sex-depended differences and Tat-induced molecular pathways will be further investigated in future studies. (Grant support: R21 DA044886 [PI Cao])
Fluorescence to color feature-based image registration for medical augmented reality

In recent years, augmented reality with fluorescence imaging has attracted significant attention for computer aided surgeries. Overlaying functional information acquired from fluorescence images on the anatomical information of color images offers intuitive surgical guidance. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of SIFT, SURF, BRISK, and ORB algorithms in registration of fluorescence and color reflectance images for intraoperative augmented reality and surgical guidance. We have further demonstrated the potential of a new registration method combining SURF, BRISK and ORB which showed improved registration accuracy. Several sets of experiments were performed on phantoms, biological tissues with fluorescently labeled targets to evaluate the performance of various algorithms. We have demonstrated the feasibility of applying feature-based registration methods in fluorescence-to-color image registration for intraoperative augmented reality. We have also demonstrated the potential of a new featurebased image registration method combining BRISK, SURF, and ORB.
A phase II clinical trial of pembrolizumab and selective androgen receptor modulator GTx-024 in patients with advanced androgen receptor-positive triple-negative breast cancer.

1069Background: Androgen receptor (AR) targeting therapy has shown single agent activity in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). GTx-024, a nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM...
Evaluating and Visualizing the Economic Impact of Commercial Districts Due to an Electric Power Network Disruption.

Critical infrastructure networks enable social behavior, economic productivity, and the way of life of communities. Disruptions to these cyber-physical-social networks highlight their importance. Recent disruptions caused by natural phenomena, including Hurricanes Harvey and Irma in 2017, have particularly demonstrated the importance of functioning electric power networks. Assessing the economic impact (EI) of electricity outages after a service disruption is a challenging task, particularly when interruption costs vary by the type of electric power use (e.g., residential, commercial, industrial). In contrast with most of the literature, this work proposes an approach to spatially evaluate EIs of disruptions to particular components of the electric power network, thus enabling resilience-based preparedness planning from economic and community perspectives. Our contribution is a mix-method approach that combines EI evaluation, component importance analysis, and GIS visualization for decision making. We integrate geographic information systems and an economic evaluation of sporadic electric power outages to provide a tool to assist with prioritizing restoration of power in commercial areas that have the largest impact. By making use of public data describing commercial market value, gross domestic product, and electric area distribution, this article proposes a method to evaluate the EI experienced by commercial districts. A geospatial visualization is presented to observe and compare the areas that are more vulnerable in terms of EI based on the areas covered by each distribution substation. Additionally, a heat map is developed to observe the behavior of disrupted substations to determine the important component exhibiting the highest EI. The proposed resilience analytics approach is applied to analyze outages of substations in the boroughs of New York City.
Effect of induced fire on soil water repellency in the Pine ( Pinus sabiniana ) forest of Welihena, Matara

Soil water repellency (SWR) is a reduction in the rate of wetting and retention of water in soil caused by the presence of hydrophobic coatings on soil particles. Most common methods to determine SWR are the water drop penetration time (WDPT) and molarity of ethanol droplet (MED) tests. Main aim of this study was to determine the effect of induced fire on SWR in pine forest, Welihena, Matara. Soil samples at different depth layers were collected for analysis. Induced fire experiments were carried out to determine the effect of fire intensities on SWR. According to soil textural analysis, soil was confirmed as loamy sand. Maximum WDPT (7.3s) was observed in the first layer of 0-2cm whereas minimum (1.48s) was in the deepest layer of 22-25cm. In fire experiment, time taken to complete the fire were 3.29minutes, 5.43minutes and 8.72minutes for 1st, 2nd and 3rd fire, respectively. Moisture content of soil layers of 0-2cm, 2-4cm and 4-6cm after fires varied between 23.2% and 18.1%. Moisture content decreases gradually from 0-2cm layer to 4-6cm layer when intensity of fire increases from 3.29minutes to 8.72minutes. The WDPT of surface soils were 43.86s, 162.5s and 415.2s after 1st, 2nd and 3rd fires, respectively. And the WDPT of the soil layers (0-2cm to 4-6cm) after 1st, 2nd and 3rd fires varied between 1.18s-5.89s, 1.14s- 7.57s, 1.2s-4.76s, respectively. Based on WDPT results, soil surface becomes severely water repellent from wettable/slightly water repellent when intensity of fire increases from 0 to 8.72minutes. In addition, SWR of soil layers of 0-2cm, 2-4cm, 4-6cm become slightly water repellent from wettable when intensity of fire increases from 0 to 8.72minutes.
Neural networks in business applications

In this paper shows a present vision of neural systems that are propelled by neural frameworks to give viable models to measurable examination. Their most essential part in neural system is the capacity to "learn", depend in a set number of observation. With regards to neural systems, The articulation "Picking up" subsidizing that the learning picked up from the example can be outlined as tactile reconnaissance. In this regard, fake neural systems are regularly alluded to as the learning machine. In that capacity, counterfeit neural systems might be considered as images for operators who take in the reliance of their condition and make their conduct techniques subject to a predetermined number of perceptions. This exploration does not have to finish up from the natural sources of neural systems. Be that as it may, this is an absolutely scientific model and factual application. ever after the comming of PC insight, The craft of working together needs to experience uncommon changes. After some time, numerous information based registering frameworks have entered a substantial number of organizations and their utilization has turned out to be progressively across the board. With the colossal advances in innovation, the administration of data identified with cutting edge counterfeit neuroscience has turned into a basic part of business insight. In this article, we portray the key of neural systems and in addition We will audit the work done in counterfeit neural systems applications in numerous organizations. The association of this diary is as per the following. The initial segment exhibits a general prologue to neural systems. The second part features the business utilizations of neural systems. The third part takes a gander at work done in the field of insolvency determining, trailed by work in the zones of Mastercard extortion identification. The fourth part investigate the Back spread calculation – a numerical methodology and work done in the zones of securities exchange forecast, trailed by a survey of money related bookkeeping work. Area five examines The connection among ANN and Statistical strategies, Finally, we finish up this article in segment 6th pursued by references and the glossary.
RNA-Seq Analysis of Genetic and Transcriptome Network Effects of Dual-Trait Selection for Ethanol Preference and Withdrawal Using SOT and NOT Genetic Models.

Background Genetic factors significantly affect alcohol consumption and vulnerability to withdrawal. Furthermore, some genetic models showing predisposition to severe withdrawal are also predisposed to low ethanol (EtOH) consumption and vice versa, even when tested independently in naive animals. Methods Beginning with a C57BL/6J × DBA/2J F2 intercross founder population, animals were simultaneously selectively bred for both high alcohol consumption and low acute withdrawal (SOT line), or vice versa (NOT line). Using randomly chosen fourth selected generation (S4) mice (N = 18-22/sex/line), RNA-Seq was employed to assess genome-wide gene expression in ventral striatum. The MegaMUGA array was used to detect genome-wide genotypic differences. Differential gene expression and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis were implemented as described elsewhere (Genes Brain Behav 16, 2017, 462). Results The new selection of the SOT and NOT lines was similar to that reported previously (Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38, 2014, 2915). One thousand eight hundred and sixteen transcripts were detected as differentially expressed between the lines. For genes more highly expressed in the SOT line, there was enrichment in genes associated with cell adhesion, synapse organization, and postsynaptic membrane. The genes with a cell adhesion annotation included 23 protocadherins, Mpdz and Dlg2. Genes with a postsynaptic membrane annotation included Gabrb3, Gphn, Grid1, Grin2b, Grin2c, and Grm3. The genes more highly expressed in the NOT line were enriched in a network module (red) with annotations associated with mitochondrial function. Several of these genes were module hub nodes, and these included Nedd8, Guk1, Elof1, Ndufa8, and Atp6v1f. Conclusions Marked effects of selection on gene expression were detected. The NOT line was characterized by higher expression of hub nodes associated with mitochondrial function. Genes more highly expressed in the SOT aligned with previous findings, for example, Colville and colleagues (Genes Brain Behav 16, 2017, 462) that both high EtOH preference and consumption are associated with effects on cell adhesion and glutamate synaptic plasticity.
6 – Physical Organization

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on physical organization. The chapter also discusses the two main methods for the physical implementation of indexes for data bases. Data is usually stored on a disk in a modern computer. The disk is divided into units called files. This material on the disk becomes available to the CPU when requested by the user. The user has a list or directory with the names of files—usually one type something like “lis” or “dir” to obtain a list of files in an interactive session. This directory contains the exact position of the file on the disk. The user sees only a mnemonic name, which has been given to the file. When a user is manipulating a file, a copy of some or all of the information in the file is placed in the memory of the computer. B-trees are efficient for looking up information, like a telephone directory, and are also efficient for adding new information, like a linked list. B-trees are also good for range queries. They use links or addresses, but there are several addresses stored with data so the structure is tree-like rather than list-like.
Effect of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator ozanimod on leukocyte subtypes in relapsing MS.

Objective To better understand ozanimod9s mechanism of action (MOA), we conducted exploratory analyses from a phase 1 study to characterize ozanimod9s effect on circulating leukocyte subsets in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Methods An open-label pharmacodynamic study randomized patients to oral ozanimod hydrochloride (HCl) 0.5 (n = 13) or 1 mg/d (n = 11) for ∼12 weeks (including 7-day dose escalation). Circulating leukocyte subsets were quantified using flow cytometry (days 28, 56, and 85) and epigenetic cell counting (days 2, 5, 28, 56, and 85) and compared with baseline (day 1) using descriptive statistics. Results Ozanimod caused dose-dependent reductions in absolute lymphocyte counts. Observed by both methodologies, circulating CD19+ B- and CD3+ T-cell counts were reduced by >50% with ozanimod HCl 0.5 mg and >75% with 1 mg at day 85. Based on flow cytometry, ozanimod HCl 1 mg showed greater decreases in CD4+ than CD8+ T cells, greater decreases in both CD4+ and CD8+ central memory vs effector memory T cells, and reductions in mean CD4+ and CD8+ naive T cells by ≥90% at day 85. In the flow cytometry analysis, changes in monocytes, natural killer, and natural killer T cells were minimal. Using epigenetic cell counting, greater reductions for Th17 than T regulatory cells were determined. Conclusion Ozanimod induced dose-dependent reductions in circulating B- and T-cell counts and differential effects on naive and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells. Data characterized with both a novel epigenetic cell-counting method and flow cytometry support ozanimod9s MOA. Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrials.govNCT02797015.
Association between neurocognitive functioning and suicide attempts in U.S. Army Soldiers.

Background Suicide is a serious public health problem, including among U.S. Army personnel. There is great interest in discovering objective predictors of suicide and non-fatal suicidal behaviors. The current study examined the association between neurocognitive functioning and pre-military history of suicide attempts (SA) and post-enlistment onset of SA. Methods: New Soldiers reporting for Basic Combat Training (N = 38,507) completed a comprehensive computerized neurocognitive assessment battery and self-report questionnaires. A subset of Soldiers (n = 6216) completed a follow-up survey, including assessment of lifetime SA, 3–7 years later. Results Six hundred eighty-nine Soldiers indicated lifetime SA at baseline and 210 Soldiers indicated new-onset SA at follow-up. Regression analyses, adjusted for demographic variables, revealed significant bivariate associations between neurocognitive performance on measures of sustained attention, impulsivity, working memory, and emotion recognition and lifetime SA at baseline. In a multivariable model including each of these measures as predictors, poorer impulse control and quicker response times on an emotion recognition measure were significantly and independently associated with increased odds of lifetime SA. A second model predicted new-onset SA at follow-up for Soldiers who did not indicate a history of SA at baseline. Poorer impulse control on a measure of sustained attention was predictive of new-onset SA. Limitations: Effect sizes are small and of unlikely clinical predictive utility. Conclusions We simultaneously examined multiple neurocognitive domains as predictors of SA in a large, representative sample of new Army Soldiers. Impulsivity most strongly predicted past and future SA over and beyond other implicated cognitive-emotional domains.
Chinua Achebe and Joseph Conrad: Irreconcilable Differences?

During a good part of his literary career, Chinua Achebe waged a battle against Joseph Conrad’s condescension toward Africans in his writings, namely his novella Heart of Darkness. Without discounting Achebe’s condemnation of Conrad’s novella, the paper will argue for an adoption of Heart of Darkness by/from readers on the continent and in the Diaspora.
Identifying the most Common Frameworks Data Science Teams Use to Structure and Coordinate their Projects

This paper presents the results of a study focused on exploring which framework, if any, teams use to execute data science projects. The study consisted of a survey of 109 industry professionals, as well as an evaluation of relevant framework terms searched at Google. Overall, CRISP-DM was the most commonly used framework, with Scrum and Kanban being the second and third most frequently used. We note that CRISP-DM is a life cycle framework, whereas Scrum and Kanban are team coordination frameworks. Hence, this research also notes the potential demand for a framework that integrates both life cycle and team coordination aspects of leading a data science project.
Importance of Non-Newtonian Modeling of Blood Flow for Calcified Aortic Valves: Relevance to Sub-Clinical Thrombosis

Objective: The Newtonian assumption for blood has often been applied for aortic valve studies where high shear rates can be seen on the ventricularis side. However, in the presence of calcification...
The Incumbent's Curse? Incumbency, Size, and Radical Product Innovation

Abstract A common perception in the field of innovation is that large, incumbent firms rarely introduce radical product innovations. Such firms tend to solidify their market positions with relatively incremental innovations. They may even turn away entrepreneurs who come up with radical innovations, though they themselves had such entrepreneurial roots. As a result, radical innovations tend to come from small firms, the outsiders. This thesis, which we term the “incumbent’s curse,” is commonly accepted in academic and popular accounts of radical innovation. This topic is important, because radical product innovation is an engine of economic growth that has created entire industries and brought down giants while catapulting small firms to market leadership. Yet a review of the literature suggests that the evidence for the incumbent’s curse is based on anecdotes and scattered case studies of highly specialized innovations. It is not clear if it applies widely across several product categories. The authors r...
Defining Duplex Ultrasound Criteria for In-Stent Restenosis of the Superior Mesenteric Artery.

Background This study sought to define duplex ultrasound (DUS) velocity criteria predicting ≥70% stenosis in superior mesenteric artery (SMA) stents by correlating in-stent peak systolic velocity (PSV) with computed tomographic angiography (CTA) measurements of percent stenosis. Methods A retrospective review of 109 patients undergoing SMA stenting between 2003 and 2018 was conducted at a single institution. Thirty-seven surveillance duplex ultrasound studies were found to have a CTA performed within 30 days of study completion. Bare metal (n = 20) and covered stents (n = 17) were included. Velocities were paired to in-stent restenosis (ISR) measured by mean vessel diameter reduction on SMA centerline reconstructions from CTA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was generated and logistic regression models for ≥70% ISR probability were used to define velocity criteria in the stented SMA. Results At a PSV of 300 cm/sec, the sensitivity is 100% and specificity 80% for a ≥70% in-stent SMA stenosis. At a PSV of 400 cm/sec, the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) is 63% and the specificity and negative predictive value (NPV) is 90%. A PSV of 450 cm/sec was consistent with the highest specificity (100%) and PPV (100%) but lower sensitivity (50%) and NPV (87.9%). One patient with a PSV of 441 cm/sec on surveillance DUS died from complications of acute-on-chronic mesenteric ischemia. Conclusions A PSV of 400 cm/sec on mesenteric DUS can predict ≥70% ISR with high sensitivity and should be considered as a diagnostic threshold for SMA in-stent restenosis.
The rebirth of the US space program: In through the out door

In the beginning there were two, two decades later a few, and now more than sixty countries have national space programs. The “culture” of space is changing as the world community joins - advancing New Space ideals vs. Old Space lessons learned. In observing the global space market evolve in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and North America, contrasts in behaviors between the established players and new entrants into the space enterprise are beginning to show. This paper will discuss behavioral trends within the US space enterprise that, while well intended, are isolating the US from the growing international space enterprise, and in doing so seem to be enabling a new space culture outside of the US. One can speculate, in a somewhat interesting twist, that removing the US from the world space market may ultimately hold opportunity to reinvigorate the US space community. This paper will discuss how the world market is evolving, identify the new behaviors that are coming into play, and offer suggestions for how the US space enterprise might benefit from these.
Towards scalable view-invariant gait recognition: multilinear analysis for gait

In this paper we introduce a novel approach for learning view-invariant gait representation that does not require synthesizing particular views or any camera calibration. Given walking sequences captured from multiple views for multiple people, we fit a multilinear generative model using higher-order singular value decomposition which decomposes view factors, body configuration factors, and gait-style factors. Gait-style is a view-invariant, time-invariant, and speed-invariant gait signature that can then be used in recognition. In the recognition phase, a new walking cycle of unknown person in unknown view is automatically aligned to the learned model and then iterative procedure is used to solve for both the gait-style parameter and the view. The proposed framework allows for scalability to add a new person to already learned model even if a single cycle of a single view is available.
Studying mammalian neurons in vitro with multielectrode arrays

The basic principles for recording and stimulation with extracellular electrodes are described, and how they relate to the use of multielectrode arrays, MEAs, for studies of neural networks in culture. The main engineering issues for building arrays are described, and some examples are given of their use. The "neurochip" which has evolved from standard arrays is described, as well as other possible future developments.
Molecular characterization of cloned avirulence genes from race 0 and race 1 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea.

A wide-host-range cosmid cloning vector, pLAFR3, was constructed and used to make cosmid libraries of partially digested Sau3A DNA from race 0 and race 1 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. Two avirulence genes, avrB0 and avrC, cloned from race 0, elicited the hypersensitivity reaction (HR) on specific cultivars of soybean. Race 4 transconjugants containing avrB0 induced a dark brown necrotic HR within 24 h on the soybean cultivars Harosoy and Norchief, whereas race 4 transconjugants containing avrC induced a light brown necrotic HR within 48 h on the soybean cultivars Acme, Peking, Norchief, and Flambeau. An additional avirulence gene, avrB1, cloned from race 1, appeared to be identical to avrB0 from race 0. The avrB0 and avrC genes from race 0 were characterized by restriction enzyme mapping, Southern blot analysis, Tn5 transposon mutagenesis, and site-directed gene replacements. The effects of these three genes on the in planta bacterial growth of race 4 transconjugants have also been examined. The identification and cloning of avrB1 provides genetic evidence for a gene-for-gene interaction in the bacterial blight disease of soybean, as avrB1 from race 1 interacts with the soybean disease resistance locus, Rpg1. Images
Salt-Finger Instability Generated by Surface-Tension and Buoyancy-Driven Convection in a Stratified Fluid Layer

Consider a shallow layer of fluid stratified by a solute gradient with a free surface being heated differentially across the two side walls. Convection due to surface-tension and buoyancy effects will be generated. The cooler, solute-poor fluid sinks along the cold wall and flows toward the hot wall along the bottom of the tank. The warmer, solute-rich fluid returns along the free surface of the layer. The resulting vertical distributions of temperature and solute are conducive to the onset of salt-finger instability, thus generating secondary motion in the primary convection cell. Our recent experiments confirm the existence of such secondary motion. Experiments were conducted in a stratified fluid layer contained in a shallow tank 5 cm wide × 1 cm high × 10 cm long. One side wall (1 × 10 cm) was made of chrome-plated copper and can be maintained at a constant temperature. The opposite side wall was made of Plexiglas for visualization purposes. The fluid was an ethanol-water solution, initially stratified from 96% ethanol at the bottom to 100% ethanol at the top free surface. Experiments were carried out with the copper wall maintained at a temperature lower than the ambient. Secondary motion was first noted at an 0.8°C temperature difference. At a 1.7°C temperature difference, the secondary motion became fully developed. Flow visualization in a longitudinal plane perpendicular to the initial temperature gradient showed that the motion consisted of vortices with axes aligned with the direction of the primary motion. A discussion of the instability mechanism based on a parallel flow model of the actual flow is presented following the presentation of the experimental investigation.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Ferric Pseudobactin, the Siderophore of Plant Growth-Promoting Pseudomonas putida B10.

Monoclonal antibodies to ferric pseudobactin, the siderophore (microbial iron transport agent) of plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas putida B10, have been developed. Three immunoglobulin G subclass 1-type monoclonal antibodies have been characterized. Each antibody appears to be unique on the basis of their reactions with ferric pseudobactin and with culture supernatants from other pseudomonads. None of the three cross-reacts with ferric pseudobactin-type siderophores produced by seven other pseudomonads. However, P. aeruginosa ATCC 15692 and P. fluorescens ATCC 17400 produced relatively high-molecular-mass compounds (mass greater than approximately 30,000 daltons) that did react with the antibodies. The compound from P. aeruginosa was not iron regulated, while the compound from P. fluorescens was produced only under iron-limiting conditions. A competitive assay using these antibodies has a detection limit of 5 × 10−12 mol of ferric pseudobactin. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of monoclonal antibodies reactive with siderophores.
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 12

SCA12 is a late-onset, autosomal dominant, slowly progressive disorder. Action tremor is the usual presenting sign. Subsequent development of ataxia and hyperreflexia suggests spinocerebellar ataxia. In the index SCA12 kindred, which resides in North America and is of German ancestry, parkinsonism, anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunction are not uncommon. SCA12 is linked to a CAG repeat expansion mutation in exon 7 of PPP2R2B, a gene that encodes Bβ, a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). CAG repeats number 7-28 in normal individuals and 55-78 in SCA12 patients. The mechanism by which this mutation leads to SCA12 has not been determined. The CAG expansion in PPP2R2B has promoter function in vitro. CAG length correlates with increased Bβ expression. There is no evidence that this CAG expansion results in polyglutamine production. In addition to the North. American SCA12 kindred, multiple SCA12 families have been found in Northern India that are not related to the index SCA12 kindred. SCA12 has been reported, rarely, in Singapore and China. Action tremor, anxiety, and depression in SCA12 have responded to usual treatments for these disorders. SCA12 may be considered in patients who present with action tremor and later develop signs of cerebellar and cortical dysfunction.
El Imaginario Social y su Aporte a la Teoría de la Comunicación: Seis Argumentos para Debatir

El presente ensayo aborda, en seis argumentos, las implicancias de la teoria de los imaginarios sociales en la comprension del fenomeno comunicativo y su papel en el proceso de la semiosis. Se describe la directa relacion existente entre las tres facultades que hacen del hombre un ser simbolico: la comunicacion, la actividad consciente y la construccion imaginaria, confirmando la idea de que la realidad se constituye intersubjetivamente en las practicas cotidianas.