cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An explicit-implicit method for flexible-rigid multibody systems

The solution of problems which include both flexible and rigid bodies is addressed in this paper. An explicit time integration scheme along with a finite element semidiscretization procedure is employed for the flexible bodies, whereas an implicit conserving scheme is adopted for the rigid bodies. For elements in each flexible body which lie on an interface with a rigid body, a node-based partitioning scheme is introduced. In each half-time step where the balance of momentum is enforced, the explicit nodes are integrated first. The results are used subsequently as boundary conditions for the integration of the implicit nodes. The implicit nodes which lie on an interface of a rigid body are constrained to follow the motion of the rigid body by a Lagrange multiplier method. This leads to a modification of the inertial properties of the attached rigid body, and results in an iterative solution procedure involving six parameters: three for translations and three for rotations. The overall algorithm is shown to be momentum conserving. Model problems are presented for examining the applicability and the conserving property of the scheme.
Synergism between the analgesic actions of morphine and pentazocine

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study the analgesic efficacy of the combination of morphine, a mu-opiate receptor agonist and pentazocine, a kappa-opiate receptor partial-agonist was evaluated. Groups of 20 patients received either vehicle, morphine (2, 4, 8 or 16 mg), pentazocine (15, 30 or 60 mg) or a combination of morphine and pentazocine (2 mg or 4 mg and 15 mg or 30 mg, respectively). The combination of morphine and pentazocine produced a level of analgesia significantly greater than can be accounted for by simple addition of the analgesic effects of each opiate analgesic alone. We propose that the observed synergism between morphine and pentazocine is due to interaction between mu- and kappa-opioidergic components of endogenous opioid-mediated analgesia systems.
Possible modification of the cooling index of interstellar helium pickup ions by electron impact ionization in the inner heliosphere

Interstellar neutrals penetrating into the inner heliosphere are ionized by photoionization, charge exchange with solar wind ions, and electron impact ionization. These processes comprise the first step in the evolution of interstellar pickup ion (PUI) distributions. Typically, PUI distributions have been described in terms of velocity distribution functions that cool adiabatically under solar wind expansion, with a cooling index of 3/2. Recently, the cooling index has been determined experimentally in observations of He PUI distributions with Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE)/Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer and found to vary substantially over the solar cycle. The experimental determination of the cooling index depends on the knowledge of the ionization rates and their spatial variation. Usually, ionization rates increase with 1/r2 as neutral particles approach the Sun, which is not exactly true for electron impact ionization, because the electron temperature increases with decreasing distance from the Sun due to the complexity of its distributions and different radial gradients in temperature. This different dependence on distance may become important in the study of the evolution of PUI distributions and is suspected as one of the potential reasons for the observed variation of the cooling index. Therefore, we investigate in this paper the impact of electron ionization on the variability of the cooling index. We find that the deviation of the electron ionization rate from the canonical 1/r2 behavior of other ionization processes plays only a minor role.
Emerging applications of nano Raman

Commercial Raman confocal microscopy can acquire images with a resolution down to 200 nm. Much effort has recently been devoted to improve upon this resolution and obtain chemical characterization of ultimately a single organic molecule 1,2 . As an effort in this direction, we have developed an experimental configuration by combining the analytical power of Raman spectroscopy with the nanometer resolution of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Here, an AFM silicon nitride probe, coated with a 40 nm silver layer, was used to significantly enhance the Raman signal by laser excitation of surface plasmons in the tip coating. Experimental results indicate a local surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) increase of 10 5 . Lateral scanning of the sample and collecting the SERS signal allows for a 2D image of the chemical identity of the probed sample simultaneous with its topography as measured by the AFM. Also, the ratio of Stokes to anti-Stokes can be used to obtain an instantaneous and absolute map of the local temperature across the sample.
The universal propagator for spin [or SU (2)] coherent states

Following constructions in the case of canonical and affine coherent states, a universal propagator for a general Hamiltonian appropriate to a single spin degree of freedom is introduced. The universal propagator is a single function, independent of any particular choice of fiducial vector, which, nonetheless, propagates all coherent state Hilbert space representatives correctly. Furthermore, we explicitly construct the universal propagator for several examples.
Myocardial reactive hyperemia in the newborn

Adenosine may be an important metabolic regulator of coronary blood flow during active hyperemia in the newborn. In this study, the adenosine uptake blocker dipyridamole (DPY) and receptor antagonist theophylline (THEO) were used to assess the role of adenosine in the reactive hyperemic response of the neonatal heart. Eighteen anesthetized, open-chest lambs were instrumented with aortic and coronary sinus catheters as well as an extracorporeal shunt to the circumflex coronary artery incorporating a 2.0-mm electromagnetic flow transducer. Ten-second occlusions of the circumflex coronary artery catheter were performed, and the resulting reactive hyperemia was used to determine peak hyperemic blood flow (PHF), duration of hyperemia, and the blood flow repayment. These values were determined prior to treatment and 30 min following administration of a saline vehicle, DPY (0.2 mg/kg) or THEO (5 mg/kg). DPY resulted in increases in PHF from 220 +/- 12 to 247 +/- 14 ml/min/100 g heart tissue (P less than 0.05), durations of hyperemia from 29 +/- 2 to 38 +/- 2 sec (P less than 0.01), and blood flow repayments from 65 +/- 2 to 102 +/- 4 ml/100 g (P less than 0.001). THEO resulted in decreases in PHF from 224 +/- 15 to 198 +/- 12 ml/min/100 g (P less than 0.05), durations of hyperemia from 28 +/- 2 to 22 +/- 2 sec (P less than 0.05), and blood flow repayments from 64 +/- 2 to 46 +/- 2 ml/100 g (P less than 0.01). The data indicate that DPY enhances reactive hyperemia while antagonism of adenosine with THEO attenuates it. These results suggest that adenosine plays a role in mediating reactive hyperemia in the newborn heart.
Effects of Individual versus Paired/Cooperative Computer-Assisted Instruction on the Effectiveness and Efficiency of an In-Service Training Lesson:

Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) has the potential of meeting the in-service training needs of various organizations. This study compared individual CAI with paired/cooperative CAI as a method of providing in-service training. Subjects were twenty-seven Pennsylvania extension agents who participated in an in-service training program. The main effect of CAI method and possible interactive effects of previous CAI experience and topic familiarity were analyzed. Differences in cognitive achievement and time spent on the lesson were compared.No significant difference in cognitive achievement was found between agents using CAI individually and agents using CAI cooperatively in pairs. No interaction was found between the treatment and the moderating variables, previous CAI experience and topic familiarity, on cognitive achievement. Agents who used CAI cooperatively took significantly longer to complete the lesson than did agents who used CAI individually. No interaction was found between the treatment and mod...
Molecular level studies on the origin of toxicity: Identification of key variables and selection of descriptors

Abstract A study of toxicity at the molecular level is repotted. Twenty key variables or descriptors were identified using regression and principal component analysis as determinants of relevance. Most of the key descriptors described various size and electronic characteristics tentatively identified as being associated with toxicity. Other key descriptors consisted of complex structures associated with ortho-substitution, which were also suspected to substantially increase toxicity. A model employing the twenty key variables identified was developed using neural networks (NNs). The resulting model demonstrated good predictive capability when tested on compounds not in the training set.
Integrating psychopathology, positive psychology, and psychotherapy.

Reading the special issue of the American Psychologist (January 2000) on the contemporary, data-based movement of positive psychology was an uplifting experience in itself. Positive psychology seems to emerge as a renewed humanistic approach to the individual and collective potential for happiness, but this time it is strengthened by empirical data and adequate research methodologies. Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi's (January 2000) call for a shift from a disease-oriented science to a science of optimal functioning, well-being, and happiness provides psychology and related disciplines with a noble goal to pursue in the beginning of the new century. Indeed, what can be more positive, rewarding, and fulfilling than studying and facilitating people's happiness? However, transforming therapeutic psychology from a science based on the medical model to a science that emphasizes positive experience and prevention is easier said than done. Although Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi (2000) recognized the domination of the disease model in mental health, they suggested that because psychologists have now found treatments for the majority of psychological problems, they should start studying how to make people's lives even better. They proposed that psychologists could use the same research methods and even the same laboratories that have developed psychology and psychiatry as healing sciences during the past half century to focus on the study of positive psychology, with only a slight shift of emphasis and funding. Although certainly feasible, how easy or likely is that to happen? How can a long tradition of conceptualizing and treating people in psychopathological terms shift to the study of positive functioning? How do psychologists change not only their mind-set of focusing on the negative but also the pathology-based therapeutic practices that are currently empirically supported and embraced by third-party payers? How can psychologists convince the scientific and professional mental health establishment to make scarce monetary and human resources available to positive psychology research and practice? To achieve a major scientific shift to positive psychology (which could complement the dominant disease-oriented focus in mental health), psychologists should reconcile and merge the two foci; this could be best done by gradually infusing positive psychology into current models of psychopathology and treatment. To ease the integration and transition from a psychopathology-focused to a strength-focused approach in therapeutic psychology, programmatic research might be necessary; here are three possible areas of attention:
The Effect of Early Career Experience on Auditors' Assessments of Error Explanations in Analytical Review

ABSTRACT: In this paper, I examine the analytical review judgments of staff-level auditors. Heiman (1988) finds that students do not perform as well as senior-level auditors when performing certain analytical review procedures. I conduct an experiment based on Heiman (1988, 1990) to examine the analytical review judgments of those individuals who fall in between the two groups studied by Heiman—staff-level auditors who have some full-time experience, but are not yet at the senior level. I find that staff-level auditors' judgments are similar to the senior-level auditors' judgments observed in Heiman (1990). The results provide evidence about the readiness of staff-level auditors to perform certain analytical review procedures, which has staffing implications for audit firms looking to maximize audit efficiency without sacrificing audit effectiveness. The results also provide insights about the transition of an auditor from novice to expert. Data Availability: Available upon request.
Adapting ADA Architectural Design Knowledge to Product Design: Groundwork for a Function Based Approach

One in every seven Americans has some form of disability. The number of people with disabilities is expected to increase, perhaps significantly, over the foreseeable future. Nevertheless, persons with a disability remain underserved by consumer products. Product designers fail to design universal products primarily due to a lack of knowledge, tools, and experience with universal design. Though challenges to complete access remain, the design of universal architectural systems reflects a better codification of methods, guidelines, and knowledge than available to universal product design. This article reports research efforts to transfer elements of the design knowledge and tools from universal architectural design to universal product design. The research uses the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health to formally describe user function, the Functional Basis to describe product function, and actionfunction diagrams as an analytical framework to explore the interaction between user activity, limitation, and product realization. The comparison of the universal and typical architectural systems reveal relevant design differences in specific parametric realization, morphology, and function. Of these differences, parametric was the most common with functional the least common. The user activities that most frequently result in a design change are reaching followed by maintaining body position. The comparison of architectural systems to consumer products noted a common trend of a functional design change made in result to the user activity of transferring oneself.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Effects of freezing in and out of water on length and weight of Lake Michigan bloaters

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if freezing significantly alters the length or weight of bloaters Coregonus hoyi. Bloaters were collected from southern Lake Michigan and were frozen for periods of 2-200 d. Freezing in water caused a significant decrease in length and a significant increase in weight. These changes did not vary predictably with time. The mean change in weight was greater for adults than for juveniles, but the mean change in length was not significantly different between juveniles and adults. Regressions for weight or length after freezing versus weight or length before freezing were highly significant and can be used as correction equations for estimating the original lengths and weights of fresh specimens after fish have been frozen. Test fish that were subsequently refrozen in air shrank more than those refrozen in water.
The Bargaining Set in Large Finite NTU Exchange Economies

The bargaining set was originally defined by Aumann and Maschler [6]. Several different definitions have been subsequently proposed; the most frequently used definition was proposed by Davis and Maschler [8]. In the exchange economy context we consider here, the core consists of all allocations such that no coalition can propose an alternative set of trades which is feasible for the coalition on its own and which makes all of its members better off. All definitions of the bargaining set restrict the ability of coalitions to block (“object to”) an allocation, by taking into account the possibility that a second coalition might propose yet another set of trades (“counterobject”) and thereby cause some members to defect from the first coalition. In the Aumann-Maschler and Davis-Maschler definitions, the original objection is proposed by a single individual known as the leader of the objection; any counterobjecting coalition must exclude this leader. An objection is said to be justified if there is no counterobjection; the bargaining set consists of all allocations with no justified objection.
Computer optical interconnects

Summary form only given. The use of photonics to meet the demands on interconnect technology, posed by the growing complexity of chips, boards, backplanes, and computing machines is addressed. In the field of optical interconnects, the distances involved are so short that attenuation and dispersion may not be the dominant phenomena, and other properties of lightwave signals come into play. Of great importance is the freedom of adjacent optical channels from crosstalk at even extremely high data rates. In some cases it can be shown that optical interconnect solutions will require less communication power than electrical solutions. Optical interconnects are now being experimented with at various levels of the interconnect hierarchy. >
Lamp flicker measurement and mitigation

-- Lightflicker, aphenomenon of annoying light intensify variation, caused by fluctuating electrical loads has been a major concern for both industrial and residential customers. This paper presents a novel Dynamic Phase Confroller OPC) for flicker mitigation by compensating therms voItage every half-cycle of line voltage. A widely-adopted approach of flicker measurement, IEC flickermeter standard, is employed to assess the flicker reduction provided by the DPC. A virtual IECflickermeter is developed to perform the flicker measurement which demonstrates the DPC capable of efficientflicker mitigalion.
The Structural Basis for the Recognition of Diverse Receptor Sequences by TRAF2

Many members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily initiate intracellular signaling by recruiting TNFR-associated factors (TRAFs) through their cytoplasmic tails. TRAFs apparently recognize highly diverse receptor sequences. Crystal structures of the TRAF domain of human TRAF2 in complex with peptides from the TNFR family members CD40, CD30, Ox40, 4-1BB, and the EBV oncoprotein LMP1 revealed a conserved binding mode. A major TRAF2-binding consensus sequence, (P/S/A/T)x(Q/E)E, and a minor consensus motif, PxQxxD, can be defined from the structural analysis, which encompass all known TRAF2-binding sequences. The structural information provides a template for the further dissection of receptor binding specificity of TRAF2 and for the understanding of the complexity of TRAF-mediated signal transduction.
Towards the Seislet Transform

I introduce a digital wavelet-like transform tailored specifically for representing seismic data. The transform provides a multiscale orthogonal basis with basis functions aligned along seismic event slopes in the input data. It is defined with the help of the wavelet lifting scheme combined with local plane-wave destruction. The main objective of the new “seislet” transform is an optimal seismic data compression for designing efficient algorithms. Traditional signal processing tasks such as noise removal and trace interpolation are simply defined in the seislet domain and realizable with optimally efficient O(N) algorithms. When applied in the offset direction on common midpoint or common image point gathers, the seislet transform finds an additional application in optimal stacking of seismic records.
Traumatic brain injury: initial resuscitation and transfer

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common and carries a high morbidity and mortality. Initial management of the traumatic brain injury patient is directed toward preventing and limiting secondary brain injury while facilitating rapid transport to an appropriate facility capable of providing definitive neurocritical care. During resuscitation of the TBI patient, management is directed at correcting and maintaining mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood glucose, PaO 2 and PaCO 2 within their normal ranges. After the initial resuscitation, management is directed at limiting secondary damage to the brain that occurs in response to inflammatory changes, expanding haematomas, cellular swelling, seizures, and systemic complications such as haemodynamic or pulmonary changes, fever and pain. The transport of critically ill brain injured patients carries inherent risks. Although both intrahospital and interhospital transport must comply with regulations, patient safety is enhanced during transport by establishing an organised, efficient process supported by appropriate equipment and personnel. This review examines the evidence base for the initial resuscitation and transfer of head-injured patients.
Mechanistic Analysis of the Contributions of DNA and Protein Damage to Radiation-Induced Cell Death

Protein oxidation can contribute to radiation-induced cell death by two mechanisms: (1) by reducing the fidelity of DNA repair, and (2) by decreasing cell viability directly. Previously, we explored the first mechanism by developing a mathematical model and applying it to data on Deinococcus radiodurans. Here we extend the model to both mechanisms, and analyze a recently published data set of protein carbonylation and cell survival in D. radiodurans and Escherichia coli exposed to gamma and ultraviolet radiation. Our results suggest that similar cell survival curves can be produced by very different mechanisms. For example, wild-type E. coli and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair-deficient recA- D. radiodurans succumb to radiation doses of similar magnitude, but for different reasons: wild-type E. coli proteins are easily oxidized, causing cell death even at low levels of DNA damage, whereas proteins in recA- D. radiodurans are well protected from oxidation, but DSBs are not repaired correctly even when...
mother-infant interactions in captive slow lorises (Nycticebus coucang)

Information is presented about mother-infant interactions and infant development in a rarely studied prosimian primate, the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang). Four dyads were observed, by means of closed circuit TV, in a semi-natural environment for 1 hour per day three times a week. Infants were inactive for the first 6-8 weeks. Although mothers carried infants, they also left them alone for substantial periods of time after the 1st week. Over the 20-week study period, there was a significant decline in ventral contact but not in sitting within 12 inches or engaging in active social interactions. By the end of the study, infants were not yet fully independent. Three of the 4 were primarily responsible for maintaining physical closeness to the mother; they made most of the approaches and mothers made most of the departures. However, only 2 of the 4 infants had assumed responsibility for the initiation and maintenance of social interactions with the mother. By comparison with other nocturnal prosimians of similar size, the rate of development is relatively slow. Unlike many anthropoids, mothers were not strongly protective or rejecting. They did not bring infants back to a fixed location or try to prevent infants from leaving them; and the decline in ventral contact was not accompanied by fights between the pair. The 3 group-living mothers were more protective than the single individually housed mother, and it would seem advisable to isolate mother-infant pairs in laboratory breeding colonies.
Consanguinity and noble marriages in the tenth and eleventh centuries.

Between the ninth and twelfth centuries, ecclesiastics first developed the theory of marriage as a sacrament.* While powerful families continued to arrange their children's marriages, churchmen insisted that the free consent of the partners was the essence of a valid marriage. During this period, divorce gradually diminished until the only grounds for divorce was the discovery that the marriage had not been valid initially (this was technically an annulment rather than a divorce). A number of "impediments" could make a marriage invalid, such as the realization that one of the partners was already married to someone else, but the most commonly invoked impediment was consanguinity. During this period, consanguinity was defined increasingly broadly. In this paper, I shall explore the reaction of the French nobility to the church's definition of incest as residing within "seven forbidden degrees" and attempt to demonstrate that, at least in the tenth and eleventh centuries, powerful nobles gave serious attention to consanguinity when arranging their children's marriages.' A number of different considerations were doubtless involved in every choice of a spouse, considerations which determined whom out of a collection of eligible women a noble man would marry, but the issue of consanguinity often determined who was not eligible. Modern scholars have often remarked that, by the twelfth century, two hundred years after marriages within "seven degrees" were generally forbidden, a couple frequently ignored their blood-relationship at the time of their marriage, and indeed until such time as they decided for other reasons to seek a divorce. The divorce of Louis VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine in 1152, on the grounds that they were related within four or five degrees something everyone seems to have recognized at the time of their marriage is only the most outstanding example.2 Such widespread (though by no means universal)
Transition jitter estimates in tilted and conventional perpendicular recording media at 1 Tb/in/sup 2/

The recent proposal of tilted perpendicular recording for Tb/in/sup 2/ densities is extended here to examine the effects of intergranular exchange and anisotropy distributions on signal-to-noise ratio. This new recording system includes the single pole head, the medium and the soft underlayer as in perpendicular recording, but the medium anisotropy axes are titled at about 45/spl deg/, optimally in the crosstrack direction. Both analytical formulas and micromagnetic simulations are utilized and both tilted and conventional perpendicular media are considered. At 1.2 Tb/in/sup 2/ exchange optimization and suitable anisotropy distribution limits give percentage transition jitter of 10% and 30% for tilted and conventional perpendicular media, respectively.
Borges: una textualidad del encuentro

Borges defines the text as an encounter with the reader, several times throughout his work. He does not describe it as an object, a thing among other things, but as an event, as a dialog. This article explores the implications of such a definition of the text. It connects what Borges says in his essays with his own practice of reading and writing, and with the numerous encounters that take place in his stories. It also explores some contact points between Borges and another philosopher of the encounter, Louis Althusser.
An AICD-based functional screen to identify APP metabolism regulators

Background: A central event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the regulated intramembraneous proteolysis of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), to generate the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and the APP intracellular domain (AICD). Aβ is the major component of amyloid plaques and AICD displays transcriptional activation properties. We have taken advantage of AICD transactivation properties to develop a genetic screen to identify regulators of APP metabolism. This screen relies on an APP-Gal4 fusion protein, which upon normal proteolysis, produces AICD-Gal4. Production of AICD-Gal4 induces Gal4-UAS driven luciferase expression. Therefore, when regulators of APP metabolism are modulated, luciferase expression is altered. Results: To validate this experimental approach we modulated α-, β-, and γ-secretase levels and activities. Changes in AICD-Gal4 levels as measured by Western blot analysis were strongly and significantly correlated to the observed changes in AICD-Gal4 mediated luciferase activity. To determine if a known regulator of APP trafficking/maturation and Presenilin1 endoproteolysis could be detected using the AICD-Gal4 mediated luciferase assay, we knocked-down Ubiquilin 1 and observed decreased luciferase activity. We confirmed that Ubiquilin 1 modulated AICD-Gal4 levels by Western blot analysis and also observed that Ubiquilin 1 modulated total APP levels, the ratio of mature to immature APP, as well as PS1 endoproteolysis. Conclusion: Taken together, we have shown that this screen can identify known APP metabolism regulators that control proteolysis, intracellular trafficking, maturation and levels of APP and its proteolytic products. We demonstrate for the first time that Ubiquilin 1 regulates APP metabolism in the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y.
NCAA Division III faculty satisfaction with intercollegiate athletics

Few studies have focused on faculty perceptions of intercollegiate athletics (Cockley & Roswal, 1994). Further knowledge of faculty satisfaction with intercollegiate athletics will help lead the reform effort needed to reestablish the academic integrity that has been tarnished by the practices and behaviors of those involved in managing college athletics (Kuga, 1996). The purpose of this study was to examine faculty satisfaction with intercollegiate athletics at 25 randomly selected NCAA Division III institutions. The unit of analysis was faculty members who responded to the Faculty Satisfaction with Intercollegiate Athletics Survey in the fall of 2010. Approximately two thirds of the respondents (62.5%) indicated being somewhat satisfied or very satisfied in the athletic program at their institution. Faculty with ―more than 8 years‖ experience had the highest satisfaction mean scores while those with tenure had higher satisfaction scores than those without tenure. Experience as a Faculty Athletic Representative (FAR) prompted higher satisfaction scores when compared to faculty with no FAR experience. Participation in high school or college athletics did not produce a difference in overall satisfaction among faculty. Men were typically more satisfied than women with athletics while faculty who attended more athletic events or were more knowledgeable about athletics had higher satisfaction scores. Older faculty had higher satisfaction scores, and faculty who had more interaction and contact with athletes also had higher mean satisfaction scores.
The lightest hybrid meson supermultiplet in QCD

We interpret the spectrum of meson states recently obtained in nonperturbative lattice QCD calculations in terms of constituent quark-antiquark bound states and states, called ``hybrids'', in which the $q\overline{q}$ pair is supplemented by an excitation of the gluonic field. We identify a lightest supermultiplet of hybrid mesons with ${J}^{PC}=(0,1,2{)}^{\ensuremath{-}+},{1}^{--}$ built from a gluonic excitation of chromomagnetic character coupled to $q\overline{q}$ in an $S$-wave. The next lightest hybrids are suggested to be quark orbital excitations with the same gluonic excitation, while the next distinct gluonic excitation is significantly heavier. Existing models of gluonic excitations are compared to these findings and possible phenomenological consequences explored.
Scolodiaptomus, a new genus proposed for Diaptomus (Sensu lato) Corderoi wright, and description of Notodiaptomus brandorffi, new species (Copepoda: Calanoida), from Brazil

A new genus, Scolodiaptomus (Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae), is proposed for Diaptomus corderoi Wright, 1936, from southeastern Brazil. Scolodiaptomus corderoi is redescribed. The genus is defined principally by characters of the female: the prominent spine on the anterior face of the first exopod article of the fifth leg, and the partial dorsal division of the genital segment. Important distinguishing characters of the males include the proportions of spines on the right antennule, and proportions and structures of the fifth legs. The genus is closely related to Notodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936. Notodiaptomus brandorffi, new species, is described from northeastern Brazil. Some current problems in the taxonomy of neotropical diaptomids are discussed. Incomplete knowledge of the morphology of many neotropical species of Diaptomidae has contributed to confusion in the diagnoses of some genera and in problems in the inference of species relationships. Examination of specimens of Diaptomus (sensu lato) corderoi Wright, collected in the type-locality and two reservoirs in the State of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, has resulted in the observation of some previously unrecognized characters that are sufficient to distinguish a new genus. Specimens of a second species, collected in the State of Maranhao, northeastern Brazil, were confided to me for determination by Profa. Maria S. R. Ibainez. It is described below as Notodiaptomus brandorffi, new species. Specimens collected by E. R. dos Santos in the State of Sergipe and transmitted to me by Prof. Carlos E. F. da Rocha are also N. brandorffi. Several taxonomic problems and errors in procedure which have appeared in recent publications on neotropical diaptomids are also discussed.
Induction of Krüppel-Like Factor 5 Expression by Androgens Results in Increased CXCR4-Dependent Migration of Prostate Cancer Cells in Vitro

Advanced prostate cancers preferentially metastasize to bone, suggesting that this tissue produces factors that provide a suitable microenvironment for prostate cancer cells. Recently, it has become clear that even in antiandrogen-resistant cancers, the androgen receptor (AR)-signaling axis is required for prostate cancer progression. Therefore, we hypothesized that AR may be involved in the regulation of pathways that are responsible for the homing of prostate cancer cells to select microenvironments. In support of this hypothesis, we have determined that chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4), the receptor for the chemokine CXCL12, is up-regulated in prostate cancer cells in response to androgens. Given that the levels of CXCL12 are elevated at sites of known prostate cancer metastases such as bone, these results suggest that androgens may influence prostate cancer metastasis. Specifically, we demonstrate that androgens increase the levels of both CXCR4 mRNA and functional protein in LNCaP prostate ...
Asynchronous Distributed Optimization With Event-Driven Communication

We consider problems where multiple agents cooperate to control their individual state so as to optimize a common objective while communicating with each other to exchange state information. Since communication costs can be significant, especially when the agents are wireless devices with limited energy, we seek conditions under which communication of state information among nodes can be restricted while still ensuring that the optimization process converges. We propose an asynchronous (event-driven) optimization scheme that limits communication to instants when some state estimation error function at a node exceeds a threshold and prove that, under certain conditions, such convergence is guaranteed when communication delays are negligible. We subsequently extend the analysis to include communication delays as long as they are bounded. We apply this approach to a sensor network coverage control problem where the objective is to maximize the probability of detecting events occurring in a given region and show that the proposed asynchronous approach may significantly reduce communication costs, hence also prolonging the system's lifetime, without any performance degradation.
Incorporating “Soft Skills” Into the Collaborative Problem-Solving Equation

In only a very few places, Neubert, Mainert, Kretzschmar, & Greiff ( 2015 ) mention the role of communication and coordination among team members in collaborative problem solving. Although complex and collaborative problem solving is indeed an imperative for team and organizational success in the 21st century, it is easier said than done. Collaborative problem solving is critically dependent on the communication and interaction skills of the team members and of the team leader. The intent of this commentary is to shine a light on the critical role of interpersonal and communication skills in complex and collaborative problem solving.
Discretionary Accruals, Earnings Management and the Valuation of Earnings

This study investigates how discretionary accruals affect earnings valuation (or price-earnings) multiples to provide indirect evidence on whether managers use their discretion over accruals to communicate their private information or to obtain private benefits. I find that earnings multiples are significantly higher when earnings contain large income increasing discretionary accruals than when earnings contain small discretionary accruals. Furthermore, in periods of high performance earnings multiplies are significantly lower when earnings contain large income decreasing discretionary accruals than when earnings contain small discretionary accruals. These results are consistent with the communication hypothesis. The effect of large income decreasing discretionary accruals in periods of moderate performance is mixed and in periods of low performance is not significant. The study (i) extends the literature on earnings multiples, (ii) suggests that effects of discretionary accruals depend on the context in which they are reported, and (iii) suggests that reduction of managerial discretion via accounting standards is costly because it eliminates the opportunity to communicate.
Characteristics associated with organizational independence in consumer-operated service organizations.

OBJECTIVE This research compares two types of consumer organizations in one state in order to explore the significance of organizational independence for internal structure/operations and external relationships. The first type, consumeroperated service organizations (COSOs), are independent and fully self-governing; the second are peer-support service organizations (PSSOs), which are part of larger non-consumer entities. METHODS Mail surveys were completed by COSO and PSSO directors of a geographically representative sample of organizations; telephone interviews were conducted with a sub-sample. Owing to small sample size, matched COSO-PSSO pairs were analyzed using non-parametric statistics. RESULTS COSOs and PSSOs are similar in some ways, e.g., types of services provided, but significantly different on internal variables, such as budget size, and external variables, such as number of relationships with community groups. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Organizational independence appears to be a significant characteristic for consumer service organizations and should be encouraged by funders and among participants. Funders might establish administrative and/or programmatic measures to support consumer organizations that are independent or moving toward independence; their participants would also benefit from the provision, by authorities or advocates, of materials to guide organizations toward, for example, 501(c)3 status.
Laboratory Instruments for Measuring the Behavior Of Shy Or Nocturnal Small Mammals

Described are runways, remotely controlled gates, recording treadles, locking relay circuits, interval timers, and electrically operated counters and timers which are useful in the construction of experimental equipment for measuring accurately many features of the behavior of shy or nocturnal small mammals.
Stability of N18C6H6: triangular versus hexagonal structure.

Large nitrogen cage molecules Nx have been previously shown to prefer elongated, cylindrical structures with triangular caps versus more spherical structures composed entirely of pentagons and hexagons. It was argued that this preference derived from the electronic properties of the nitrogen atoms, including the lone pairs. In the current study, the same structural comparison is carried out, with the substitution of C−H-bonding groups for six of the nitrogens. Various substitution patterns on the cylindrical (triangular) and spherical (hexagonal) frameworks are examined. Isomers of N18C6H6 are studied by theoretical calculations to determine the relative stability of triangular versus hexagonal structures, as well as the stability effects of the substitution patterns on each framework. Hartree−Fock theory, density functional theory (PBE1PBE), and perturbation theory (MP2) are employed, in conjunction with the correlation-consistent basis sets of Dunning. Stability trends within each class of molecules and...
Health service demand,utilization and cost of residents of Jiading District in Shanghai

Objective To investigate the health service demand,utilization and cost of Jiading District residents,as well as to provide reference for improving health service quality and allocating the medical resources rationally.Methods Medical service needs,utilization and cost were analyzed based on the fifth national health services survey data of Jiading District residents in Shanghai.Results The two-week consultation rate was 22.50%,and the rate of hospitalization was 6.39%,both of which were increasing with age.The group aged above 65 had the highest rate.Meanwhile,the rate of non-seeking medical services was 1.91%,and the rate of non-hospitalization was 3.57%.The rate of residents visiting in the basic medical institutions was 69.94%;besides,the ambulatory care expenses for each was 175.74 RMB,and the indirect expenses was 15.45 RMB.The total cost of hospitalization for each was 15,802 RMB,of which the reimbursement of expenses accounted for 60.95%.The indirect expense of hospitalization was 993.52 RMB.Conclusions There was an active demand and utilization for medical services in Jiading District,particularly among the aged;meanwhile,the medical flow of patients was relatively reasonable;in addition,the tendency of excessive increase in medical costs has been brought under effective control,but it still remains at a relatively high level.
SOLID STATE RELAY (SSR) AND ITS APPLICATIONS

With the rapid development of science and industly,automatic control by computer has been wildly used. AC-SSR is one of the best interface components which has been used between computer and its outer instruments. This article focuses on the basic structure,choosing of main parameters and the tipical applications of AC-SSR
A Low Frequency Oscillation Event Caused by Primal Frequency Modulation Test and Its Mechanism Analysis

A low frequency oscillation incident caused by primal frequency modulation test on steam turbine generator units is described.The mechanism of oscillation is analyzed and the countermeasure is proposed.The basic oscillation characteristics are analyzed according to the low frequency oscillation waves recorded by the wide area measuring system,and the oscillation process is simulated in the PSCAD/EMTDC software.The principle of determining the low frequency oscillation mechanism(the negative damping or the resonance mechanism)is discussed.By referring to the damping characteristic curves of different steam turbine control modes and parameters,the cause of the low frequency oscillation incident is found to be the improper steam turbine control parameter setting which results in the negative system damping.To aviod this kind of low frequency oscillation,proper parameter setup of the steam turbine control system is essential.
Identity for the NPMLE in censored data models.

We derive an identity for nonparametric maximum likelihood estimators (NPMLE) and regularized MLEs in censored data models which expresses the standardized maximum likelihood estimator in terms of the standardized empirical process. This identity provides an effective starting point in proving both consistency and efficiency of NPMLE and regularized MLE. The identity and corresponding method for proving efficiency is illustrated for the NPMLE in the univariate right-censored data model, the regularized MLE in the current status data model and for an implicit NPMLE based on a mixture of right-censored and current status data. Furthermore, a general algorithm for estimation of the limiting variance of the NPMLE is provided.
The Failing Liver

The major determinants of hepatic dysfunction are defined, and the traditional approach to management of the failing liver, that is, provision of supportive measures, is summarized. The unique hepatic failure of sepsis is considered in detail.
36 Mental health impact of completion of a formal civic service program on OIF/OEF war veterans with traumatic brain injury

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has become known as the signature wound of the OIF/OEF conflicts. Mental health and psychosocial impacts of civic service on returning veterans have not been extensively studied and the differential impact on veterans with and without TBI is unknown. The Mission Continues, a national non-profit organisation, offers a 6-month volunteer opportunity for post-9/11 veterans at community-based organisations across the United States. The purpose of this study is to describe the mental health and psychosocial outcomes from an OEF/OIF veteran cohort who completed the civic service program. The Mission Continues Fellowship participants, composed of OEF/OIF veterans with and without TBI, completed pre- and post-Fellowship internet-based surveys. Computations of survey results include cross tabulations and bivariate analyses. Preliminary results indicate that 23% of fellows reported a TBI diagnosis. Statistically significant findings include fellows with TBI reporting, upon entering the Fellowship, lower levels of physical and mental functioning and perceived self-efficacy as well as more severe PTSD and depressive symptoms than their counterparts. While Fellows without TBI significantly improved, from pre- to post-Fellowship, on a multitude of psychosocial and quality of life indicators, Fellows with TBI showed significant improvement in three areas: perception of overall health, feelings of being supported by others, and feelings around self-efficacy.
Thixotropy in yield stress fluids as a limit of viscoelasticity

[Received on ] Thixotropic yield stress fluids have a yield stress and viscosity which change slowly over time as the fluid undergoes structural changes. This article reviews recent work which shows how such behavior can arise as a limit of viscoelastic flow when a relaxation time becomes large. The large relaxation time introduces a small parameter which can be used as a basis for singular perturbation studies. A simple prototype for a viscoelastic model will be used to illustrate the analysis. We review the behavior in startup of shear flow, oscillatory shear flow and elongational flow and identify potential directions for future research.
Achievement as an Analysis Unit for Studying Sociocultural Systems

As demonstrated by Kuhn, the body of theoretical knowledge consists of discrete units called paradigms. It can be shown that applied knowledge is likewise implemented by discrete programs. Such implemented knowledge, considered as’ socio-cultural achievements’, comprise and characterize the socio-cultural fabric. Upon explicating it, the achievement may be utilized as a unit for modelling the sociocultural system and for studying sociocultural behavior patterns.