cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Production of unsaturated carbonyl compounds during metabolism of hydroperoxy fatty acids by colonic homogenates

Recent evidence has suggested that unsaturated carbonyl compounds may be the ultimate mitogens produced from the primary auto-oxidation products of unsaturated fatty acids. The present study has investigated the metabolism of 13-hydroperoxyoctadecandienoic acid (13-ROOH) by rat colon homogenates. This hydroperoxide is one of the primary products formed from the oxygenation of linoleic acid, the most abundant dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid. Incubation mixtures contained [1-14C]13-ROOH and colonic homogenates prepared from male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 30 min of incubation the reaction was quenched and the products extracted for analysis by HPLC. The identity of the eluted products were verified by UV, MS and NMR spectroscopy. The major products include a mixture of isomers of 2,4-dienone C18 fatty acids and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid. Direct comparison of homogenate metabolism to the hematin-catalyzed, alkoxyl radical-mediated decomposition of 13-ROOH shows some significant differences. In particular, no epoxy products are detected in the presence of tissue homogenates whereas these are the major products observed during the decomposition of 13-ROOH by hematin and a number of other agents. These experiments demonstrate the production of relatively large amounts of unsaturated carbonyl-containing fatty acids during the metabolism of hydroperoxy fatty acids by colonic tissue. The major product, 13-oxo-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid, when instilled intrarectally stimulates the incorporation of [3H]deoxythymidine into colonic mucosal DNA, and induces colonic mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity in vivo. These findings have important implications for the mechanism by which dietary fat promotes colon tumorigenesis as the formation of relatively reactive 2,4-dienones may be a key to the in vivo mitogenic activity of oxidized fatty acids.
A large-scale intracoastal circulation pattern affecting estuarine—continental-shelf exchange

Abstract Monitoring of an artificial tidal inlet to Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, included continuous tidal recording at each end and calibrating the friction of the channel so that continuous discharges could be calculated from the Manning Equation. These revealed that twice as much water entered the bay through this channel on flood tides as left on ebb tides over most of a one-year period. Channels exist that could maintain this dynamic equilibrium by draining off wind setup to other intracoastal water bodies. The location of the inlet relative to the predominant wind mode and exchanging bay is the same as those of the natural tidal inlets of the Texas coast. This suggests that an anomalous flood excess could be maintained not only in this bay, but through an interconnected bay system with excess outflow at the downwind end of the system, i.e., Pass Cavallo at Matagorda Bay. Correlation of tidal flow and wind data, Corpus Christi Bay surface water slope, observations of interbay flows, and continental-shelf surface water particulate matter and salinity patterns support the proposed intracoastal circulation.
Time and Cost Saving Strategies for Water Pipe Lining Operations

Repair and maintenance of existing distribution lines is an increasing concern for water utilities. While pipe lining activities are effective and generally less expensive than complete replacement, they still represent considerable time and expense. This study provides guidance on the best practices to minimize the amount of time that customers are without water service, must endure restricted service, or are served by less secure networks due to pipe lining activities. Nine utilities provided benchmarking data to identify efficient operations. Statistical analysis indicates that minor changes to task sequencing and materials may improve efficiencies by several hours to several days. However, in order to obtain a rapid lining operation, utilities must promote extensive changes to pipe lining philosophy and to the disinfectant approach. While a rapid disinfectant approach (less than 24 h ) is not typically adopted by United States utilities, preliminary testing indicates that addressing the newly lined pi...
The Mouse Androgen Receptor Gene Contains a Second Functional Promoter Which Is Regulated by Dihydrotestosterone

The androgen receptor (AR) is a developmental and tissue-specific transcription factor which is activated by binding testosterone or dihydrotestosterone. Several different methods of transcriptional regulation of the AR have been shown, including regulation by androgens, follicle-stimulating hormone, epidermal growth factor, and the cAMP pathway. In order to further characterize the transcriptional regulation of the AR, portions of the mouse androgen receptor (mAR) promoter were cloned into the promoterless pBLCAT3 vector and assayed for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity. The results indicate that in addition to the previously characterized promoter (+1) there is a second distinct promoter located 3' to the first promoter. Amplification of the 5'-end of the AR gene indicates that RNA originating from the second promoter is initiated from 162 and 170 bases downstream from the 5'-most previously characterized site. Northern blot analysis indicated that RNA initiated from the two promoters is differentially expressed in several cell lines and multiple tissues. Androgen ablation by castration showed that both promoters are controlled by androgens in the kidney. Sequence analysis revealed that the second promoter does not contain a TATA or CAAT box. Further characterization of this promoter may provide important insights into the transcriptional regulation of the androgen receptor since previous studies have often included only the first promoter.
The control of interresponse time probabilities by the magnitude of reinforcing brain stimulation

Abstract To assess the relation between the probability of individual interresponse times (IRTs) and the magnitude of contingent reinforcing brain stimulation, a schedule was used which restricts reinforcer presentation to responses spaced by a minimum temporal interval. The probability of IRTs falling in the region of the criterion interval increased monotonically with current amplitude across a wide range of scheduled intervals. These results contrast with IRT performance under continuous and variable-interval schedules, where a wide variety of idiosyncratic functional relations has been found. Use of the IRT schedule thus helps to clarify the function of brain stimulation magnitude in free-operant responding, providing an alternative datum to potentially confounded average response rate measures. The scheduled spacing of responses also allows an analysis in terms of the discrimination of temporal intervals. As brain stimulation magnitude increased, IRT distributions showed more discrete peaking near the criterion interval, and thus finer temporal discrimination. IRTs following a reinforced response were paced more accurately than IRTs following a nonreinforced response, pointing to the discriminative function of reinforcer presentation (proportional to brain stimulation magnitude) in temporal discrimination procedures. A signal detection analysis indicated that an animal's bias toward emission of subcriterion IRTs increases along with temporal discrimination accuracy in proportion to brain stimulation magnitude.
Isolation and Identification of 5′-Methylthioadenosine Sulfoxide from Human Urine

Abstract An adenine nucleoside isolated from human urine has been identified by mass spectra and other techniques as 5′-deoxy-5′-methyl-thioadenosine sulfoxide. Elevated levels (3–5 nmols/μmol creatinine) were noted in two children with severe combined immunodeficiency.
A Comprehensive Application of a Composite Reservoir Model to Pressure-Transient Analysis

This paper presents analytical solutions for interpreting pressure-transient tests for wells producing from a finite composite reservoir system. The paper also includes rate solutions and methods for analyzing long-term production data and forecasting production of oil or gas in a finite composite reservoir.
Development of Supersonic Combustion Experiments for CFD Modeling

This paper describes the development of an experiment to acquire data for developing and validating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for turbulence in supersonic combusting flows. The intent is that the flow field would be simple yet relevant to flows within hypersonic air-breathing engine combustors undergoing testing in vitiated-air ground-testing facilities. Specifically, it describes development of laboratory-scale hardware to produce a supersonic combusting coaxial jet, discusses design calculations, operability and types of flames observed. These flames are studied using the dual-pump coherent anti- Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) - interferometric Rayleigh scattering (IRS) technique. This technique simultaneously and instantaneously measures temperature, composition, and velocity in the flow, from which many of the important turbulence statistics can be found. Some preliminary CARS data are presented.
African Identity of the Negro American and Achievement

Correlates and consequences of African as compared to American identity of Negro Americans in a remedial junior college program were investigated. The major findings were: (a) males were more likely than females to identify themselves as coming from an African family background, and (b) those who identified themselves as American achieved higher grades than those identifying themselves as African. The major explanations concern the ambivalence of the African “protest identity” and issues concerned with the criterion variable of achievement. It was suggested that a positive identity will be related to successful socialization or achievement in a particular culture only when the identity is congruent with the core values of that culture.
Evolving Empire: America’s “Emirates” Strategy in the Persian Gulf

This article examines U.S. policy in the Persian Gulf and juxtaposes American efforts in Iraq with those in the Gulf Cooperation Council states. As the U.S.-led effort to pacify and democratize Iraq continues to founder and with civil war underway in parts of the country, Washington pursues another imperial strategy in the Persian Gulf better suited to American security preferences and more likely to succeed, at least in the short term. In pursuing an “emirates” strategy, Washington seeks to indulge its historic preference for an informal empire in the Gulf that relies on cooperation with pro-American monarchs. While the Bush administration has touted Iraq’s potential to remake the Middle East into a democratic haven, America seems prepared to rely on familiar autocrats to help it tackle terrorists in Southwest Asia and preserve Western access to critical supplies of hydrocarbons should Iraq’s democratic rehabilitation prove unsuccessful.
Synergistic Activation of DNA Synthesis in Astrocytes by Fibroblast Growth Factors and Extracellular ATP

The effects of extracellular ATP and polypeptide growth factors on DNA synthesis in primary cultures of rat astrocytes have been examined. It was found that ATP acts synergistically with either acidic or basic fibroblast growth factor to stimulate DNA synthesis. The specificity of this effect was demonstrated by the inability of ATP to potentiate DNA synthesis induced by platelet-derived growth factor or epidermal growth factor. ATP appears to act via P2 purinergic receptors, because (a) it was more effective than adenosine and (b) the synergistic effect was observed with the hydrolysis-resistant P2 agonists, ADP beta S and ATP gamma S. The evidence suggests that extracellular ATP may be an important factor in regulating the extent of gliosis and, as such, may be involved in mechanisms of neural injury and repair.
Cloning, sequencing and overexpression of cob A which encodes ATP:corrinoid adenosyltranferase in Salmonella typhimurium

Summary The cobA gene of Salmonella typhimurium was cloned, sequenced and overexpressed. A 990-bp Hpa I- Sac I fragment was cloned into the multiple cloning site of plasmid pSU19, an intermediate-copy-number vector. DNA sequence analysis established that cob A is 588 bp in length and codes for a protein with a predicted molecular weight of 21.7 kDa. However, the CobA protein expressed from the T7 promoter migrated as a 25-kDa protein on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. A high degree of identity at the amino acid sequence level was established between the CobA, Pseudomonas denitrificans CobO and Eschirichia coli BtuR proteins. P. denitrificans CobO has been shown to be a ATP:corrinoid adenosyltransferase enzyme. Based on the similarities between CobO and CobA, and the phenotypes of cobA mutants, we suggest that CobA is the ATP:corrinoid adenosyltransferase of S. typhimurium .
An Improved Multiple Scattering Method for Via Structures With Axially Isotropic Modes in an Irregular Plate Pair

An improved multiple scattering method is developed for an irregular plate pair where via pad/antipad radius is electrically small and the spacing between any two vias is relatively large so that the axially anisotropic parallel plate modes can be neglected. The plate-pair impedance matrix, widely used as an important parameter in power integrity analysis and also a critical part for via coupling in the intrinsic and the physics-based via models, is found to be related to the addition theorems of the zero-order axially isotropic propagating modes. As the impedance matrix of an irregular plate pair can be calculated by many analytical and numerical methods, the relationship between the plate-pair impedance matrix and the addition theorems of the zero-order axially isotropic propagating modes enables the handling of both the mutual coupling among vias and the reflection from plate-pair edges. Thus, the conventional multiple scattering method, restricted to either an infinitely large or a finite circular plate pair, can be extended to irregular plates for the via structures described earlier. The assumptions of the method are discussed and several numerical examples are provided to validate the proposed improved method.
Savage and Scott-ish Masculinity in The Last of the Mohicans and The Prairie: James Fenimore Cooper and the Diasporic Origins of American Identity

This essay reassesses James Fenimore Cooper9s literary relationship to Walter Scott by examining the depiction of Scots in The Last of the Mohicans (1826) and The Prairie (1827). Read as companion texts, these novels represent the imperial migrations of Scots as a cause of Native Americans9 unfortunate, but for Cooper seemingly inevitable, eradication. They also trace the development of an American identity that incorporates feudal chivalry and savage fortitude and that is formed through cultural appropriation rather than racial mixing. The Last of the Mohicans 9 Scottish protagonist, Duncan Heyward, learns to survive in the northeastern wilderness by adopting the Mohicans9 savage self-control as a complement to his own feudal chivalry; in turn, The Prairie 9s Paul Hover equips himself for the challenges of westward expansion by adopting both the remnants of this chivalry and the exilic adaptability and colonial striving that Cooper accords to Scots. I suggest that the cultural appropriation through which Heyward and Hover achieve an American identity that incorporates Scottish chivalry and savage self-command offers a model for the literary relationship between Cooper9s and Scott9s historical romances. The Leatherstocking Tales borrow selectively from the Waverely Novels, rejecting their valorization of feudal chivalry while incorporating their representation of cultural appropriation as a mechanism of teleological social development.
Now You See It; Now You Don't: A District's Short-Lived Commitment to an Alternative High School for Newly Arrived Immigrants.

This article describes the response of one East Coast, urban high school district to the unexpected enrollment of large numbers of newly arrived immigrants who had not yet acquired basic literacy skills in any language. The analysis focuses on the district-level decision-making processes that led to the implementation of an alternative school for these students and its abrupt closure a year later, examines the ways in which various participants experienced and interpreted the consequences of these decisions within the complex social system of the district, and explores the implications of these findings for policy and practice.
Prevalence of penetrating disease and extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease detected with CT enterography

Background: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of penetrating disease and extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease (CD) identified by computed tomography enterography (CTE). We also sought to examine the percentage of clinically significant new noninflammatory bowel disease (IBD) related findings in these patients. Methods: We analyzed the records of 357 consecutive patients with previously diagnosed CD evaluated at our institution who underwent a CTE between August 2004 and October 2005. Radiology reports were reviewed for the presence of penetrating disease (abscess, fistula, or phlegmon) or extraintestinal IBD manifestations (nephrolithiasis, cholelithiasis, sacroiliitis, avascular necrosis, deep vein thrombosis, or primary sclerosing cholangitis). Additional non-IBD-related abnormalities were also recorded, including any mass or cystic lesion. Urgent findings were defined as those that were deemed by the radiologist or ordering physician to require medical follow-up within 3 months. Results: Of 357 patients identified (51% female) the median age was 41.6 years and median disease duration was 9.9 years. Of this cohort, 20.7% had penetrating disease (new finding in 58.1%) and 18.8% had extraintestinal IBD manifestations (new finding in 67.2%). Six patients had primary sclerosing cholangitis and portal/mesenteric vein thrombosis, respectively. In addition, 45.1% had non-IBD findings including 2 unsuspected malignancies. Most of these extraenteric non-IBD abnormalities were benign, with only 13.0% requiring urgent follow-up. Conclusions: CT enterography is a valuable diagnostic modality for detecting both penetrating disease and extraintestinal IBD manifestations. These data add to a growing body of evidence that supports the use of CTE in CD diagnostic and management algorithms. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008)
Apoptosis in hepatic pathophysiology.

Cell death by apoptosis is a fundamental biologic process involved in physiologic processes such as morphogenesis, tissue turnover, and as a mechanism to limit the immune response. Apoptosis is also being increasingly recognized as an important pathophysiologic mechanism of tissue injury. 71 Dysregulation of apoptosis occurs in a wide spectrum of diseases and pathophysiologic processes in the liver, for example, in viral infections, neoplasia, immune-mediated injury, toxic injury, metabolic disorders, and inflammation. An understanding of the cellular mechanisms of apoptosis and their dysregulation during pathophysiologic disturbances will help in understanding human liver diseases. This article reviews the process of apoptosis, its cellular mechanisms, its regulation by external factors, and its role in hepatic pathophysiology.
ETC-216 for coronary artery disease

Introduction: Increasing attention has focused on the role of high-density lipoprotein function as a target for cardiprotection. Apolipoprotein A-IMilano (AIM) involves a single amino-acid mutation of the major wild-type protein carried on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Early evidence of beneficial activities of AIM has stimulated support in its development as a potential therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk. Areas covered: The importance of HDL as a target and early data supporting the beneficial effects of AIM are reviewed. All clinical studies of AIM found in PubMed are reviewed. Expert opinion: ETC-216 represents a lipid-deplete form of HDL containing recombinant AIM. While early evidence suggests that administration of ETC-216 promotes rapid regression of coronary atherosclerosis, bringing this compound to clinical practice will require further trials that evaluate its impact on cardiovascular events.
Mechanical Properties of Stapedial Tendon in Human Middle Ear

Measurement on mechanical properties of the stapedial tendon in human middle ear has not been reported in the literature. In this paper, we used the material testing system to conduct uniaxial tensile, stress relaxation, and failure tests on stapedial tendon specimens harvested from human temporal bones. The digital image correlation method was employed to assess the boundary effect on experimental data. The stress-strain relationship of the tendon obtained from experiments was analyzed using the hyperelastic Ogden model. The results presented include (1) the constitutive equation of the tendon for stretch ratio of 1-1.4 or stress range of 0-1.45 MPa, (2) the mean ultimate stress and stretch ratio of the tendon at 4.04 MPa and 1.65, respectively, and (3) the hysteresis and normalized stress relaxation function of the tendon. The data reported in this paper contribute to ear mechanics, especially for theoretical analysis of human ear function.
Tracing the vertical Distribution of Simulated Shattered Seeds as Related to Tillage

The objectives of this study were to : evaluate the recovery of ceramic spheres and simulated shattered seeds incorporated into the soil; determine if ceramic spheres accurately trace the movement of incorporated shattered seeds, and characterize tillage influences on the vertical distribution of shattered seeds in the soil profile
Information decay and the predictability of turbulent flows

A measure of predictability that has many superior features compared to currently used measures is introduced. Through statistical theory it is demonstrated that in inviscid truncated flow this new predictability measure increases monotonically in time while all initial information about the system decays. Under the influence of forcing and viscosity the behaviour of this measure is shown always to satisfy intuitive expectations.
The relaxation of residual stresses with postweld heat treatment in a high-performance weld measured with neutron diffraction

The residual stresses in a cylindrical weldment of HP-9-4-30 steel were measured with neutron diffraction in the as-welded (AW) state and after postweld heat treatment (PWHT). Large residual stresses are present in the interior of the material in the as-welded condition. The maximum principal stresses measured were found around the edges of the cap-pass heat-affected zone and reached up to 1045 MPa (76 pct of the base metal yield strength) in the as-welded condition. The principal stress directions for the residual stress tensors do not in general follow the hoop, axial, and radial axes of the weld and change from position to position within the weld, although the highest values are generally in the hoop direction. The postweld heat treatment relaxed the largest residual stresses, with the maximum value being 30 pct of the base metal yield stress. The need for position-dependent stress-free standards and the implications of stress gradients over the measurement volumes are discussed.
Comparison of aromatic monomers in lignocellulosic biomass prehydrolysates

Differences in the relative toxicity of xylose-rich prehydrolysates derived from woody and herbaceous feedstocks are likely due to the relative abundance of a variety of inhibitory compounds. Acetate, as well as several aromatic monomers, has been shown to be an inhibitor of the xylose-fermenting yeast, Pichia stipitis. Comparative information on the concentration of known and likely inhibitors, other than acetate, is lacking. The present study provides data on the aromatic monomer composition of representative herbaceous and woody prehydrolysates. Dilute-acid prehydrolysates were prepared from three feedstocks; two herbaceous, corn stover and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and one woody (poplar). The prehydrolysates were neutralized with Ca(OH)2 extracted with ethyl acetate, trimethylsilylated, and analyzed by GC-MS. Fourteen aromatic monomers were tentatively identified by comparison with published mass spectra. The concentrations of the aromatic monomers totalled 112, 141 and 247 mg L−1 for corn stover, switchgrass and poplar prehydrolysates, respectively. This is also the order of increasing inhibition of growth and ethanol productivity observed for Pichia fermentations. The woody prehydrolysate contained approximately four-fold more syringyl-based monomers than did the herbaceous prehydrolysates, while guaiacyl-containing compounds were more evenly distributed.
Acoustic soft modes and the ferroelastic phase transition in BiVO4 and LaNbO4

Brillouin scattering studies of BiVO4 and LaNbO4 have revealed acoustic soft modes in both crystals with similar temperature dependences, propagating normal to ferro-elastic domain walls. Raman scattering measurements show that BiVO4 has an optic soft mode while LaNbO4 does not, in agreement with previous results of other investigators. Attempts to fit the BiVO4 data to a two-coupled-oscillator model could not account for the observed temperature dependent intensities. We suggest that the frequencies of both the optic and acoustic modes are temperature dependent in both crystals.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Mixture Aroclor 1254-Induced Oxidative Stress Plays a Role in Dopaminergic Cell Injury

Oxidative stress (OS) is thought to participate in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can occur during the normal aging process or following exposure to environmental toxicants. Dopamine neurons, which degenerate during PD, are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), persistent and widespread pollutants, have been shown to adversely impact dopaminergic (DAergic) pathways, but the role ROS play in neurotoxicity remains unclear. To test the hypothesis that PCB exposure compromises dopamine neurons by stimulating ROS production, the direct toxicity and oxidative stress response following PCB exposure was examined both in MN9D dopamine cells and primary mesencephalic cultures. PCBs induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in ROS production, which preceded cytotoxicity. Whereas intracellular GSH depletion exacerbated PCB effects, antioxidant pretreatment attenuated ROS production and cell death. Coincident alterations in antioxidant defense enzymes also accompanied ROS production, including decreased MnSOD and increased CuZnSOD protein levels. The robust elevation in heme oxygenase-1 levels further support the activation of oxidative stress mechanisms following PCB exposure. Furthermore, PCBs produced concentration-dependent reductions in intracellular dopamine levels and elevated dopamine turnover. Although the intracellular source of ROS remains unknown, these results suggest that sublethal PCB concentrations activate an oxidative stress-related pathway, which potentially disrupts dopamine neuron function.
An Exploratory Study of the Effect of Relationship Marketing Institutionalization and Professional and Organizational Commitment in Business-to-Business Exchanges

ABSTRACT This research is an exploratory investigation of institutional theory's role in business-to-business exchange forms, examining relationship marketing as a potential social institution influencing exchange decisions. Relationship marketing is relevant to evaluate in the context of business-to-business exchanges because of its history and importance in the marketing profession, suggesting that relationship marketing may be an institution for that profession. The extent of relationship marketing institutionalization across three professions is compared, revealing significant differences between two pairs and supporting the institutional theory proposition that professions diffuse institutions. Furthermore, the empirical results demonstrate an association between relationship marketing institutionalization and the dependent variables of joint action and cultural control, suggesting that relationship marketing institutionalization significantly impacts the form of business-to-business exchanges. Final...
Feedback of the Drosophila period gene product on circadian cycling of its messenger RNA levels

Mutations in the period (per) gene of Drosophila melanogaster affect both circadian and ultradian rhythms. Levels of per gene product undergo circadian oscillation, and it is now shown that there is an underlying oscillation in the level of per RNA. The observations indicate that the cycling of per-encoded protein could result from per RNA cycling, and that there is a feedback loop through which the activity of per-encoded protein causes cycling of its own RNA.
Purification and characterization of rabbit factor IX and its existence as a two-chain factor IXα in circulating plasma

Abstract The long term objective of this study is to immunodeplete rabbits of factor IX as a means of developing a rabbit model for hemophilia B for use in studies of tissue factor-dependent blood coagulation. As a first step, we have purified rabbit factor IX by basically two different methods: (1) conventional chromatography utilizing DEAE-Sephadex and heparin-agarose column chromatography (2) immunoaffinity chromatography on monoclonal anti-rabbit factor IX IgG column. Purified rabbit factor IX migrated as a single band with an apparent molecular mass of 76 kD on nonreduced SDS-PAGE. On reduced SDS-PAGE the majority of factor IX migrated as a two-chain molecule (molecular masses 51 and 28 kD) and a faint band corresponding to 78 kD. We have shown that the purification of rabbit factor IX as a two-chain molecule is not due to the partial proteolysis of factor IX during its purification from commercially obtained rabbit plasma. Analysis of 3H-labelled rabbit factor IXa on SDS-PAGE revealed that, in contrast to human factor IXa, carbohydrate was found associated with the heavy chain of activated factor IX (Hβ) after release of the activation peptide. Further understanding of the molecular properties of rabbit factor IX and the generation of neutralizing monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies will facilitate the development of a rabbit model for hemophilia B.
Modified Bryson-Frazier Smoother Cross-Covariance

The Expectation Maximization algorithm can be used to estimate Kalman filter parameter matrices. This requires smoother results and typically the Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother is used for this purpose. If either of the state transition or plant noise matrices require estimation, a sequence of single time-step smoother cross-covariance matrices, based on the Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother formulation, are also required. The modified Bryson-Frazier smoother could be used as the smoother for the Expectation Maximization algorithm, but to estimate the state transition or plant noise matrix, this smoother would first need a method to generate the sequence of single time-step smoother cross-covariance matrices based on the modified Bryson-Frazier formulation. This paper develops an expression for these modified Bryson-Frazier cross-covariance matrices, thus allowing the modified Bryson-Frazier smoother to be substituted for the Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother in the Expectation Maximization algorithm. The modified Bryson-Frazier smoother formulation requires inversion only of filter innovation matrices, which are generally much smaller than state error covariance matrices, which allows both greater computational speed and better numerical accuracy due to smaller matrix size. This formulation can be used even when covariance and transition matrices are singular.
The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department; Part 1.

Abstract Despite major advances in treatment, the accurate diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the emergency department (ED) remains a difficult clinical problem and is still mainly based on the history and interpretation of the electrocardiogram. Although the physician's clinical impression is a highly sensitive indicator for AMI, at least 4% of patients presenting to the ED with AMI may be mistakenly sent home. Although chest pain is the most common chief complaint, the clinical presentation can be extremely variable, particularly in the elderly. Complaints of sharp chest pain or chest wall tenderness should not be relied upon to exclude AML Radiation of chest pain is an important symptom. With careful analysis, the electrocardiogram may yield a higher diagnostic sensitivity than is commonly accepted.
The periodic array of interface cracks and their interaction

Abstract A periodic array of interface cracks is considered as a simple model for studying interface crack interaction. The novel feature of the solution is the elimination of the oscillatory singularities and of the material overlapping which is accomplished by allowing frictionless contact zones at the crack tips. The results are obtained for a combination of shear and tension-compression loads applied at infinity. It is shown that the stress intnsity factors become smaller with decreasing distance between the cracks. This indicates that the spreading of an interface crack is inhibited by the presence of adjacent cracks.
Evaluation and care of the dementia patient

Dementia is the result of a variety of factors that produce cognitive decline. While no cure exists for the majority of cases, treatment is available, and optimism for the future is reasonable.
Temperature dependence of homogeneous nucleation rates for water: near equivalence of the empirical fit of Wölk and Strey, and the scaled nucleation model.

It is pointed out that the temperature fitting function of Wolk and Strey [J. Phys. Chem. 105, 11683 (2001)], recently shown to convert the Becker–Doring [Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 24, 719 (1935)] nucleation rate into an expression in agreement with much of the experimental water nucleation rate data, also converts the Becker–Doring rate into a form nearly equivalent with the scaled nucleation rate model, Jscaled=Jocexp[−16πΩ3(Tc∕T−1)3∕3(lnS)2]. In the latter expression Joc is the inverse thermal wavelength cubed/sec, evaluated at Tc.
Identification of the N and NSS proteins coded by the ambisense S RNA of Punta Toro phlebovirus using monospecific antisera raised to baculovirus expressed N and NSS proteins.

Abstract An essentially complete DNA copy of the ambisense S RNA species of Punta Toro (PT) phlebovirus (T. Ihara, Akashi, and D. H. L. Bishop, 1984, Virology 136, 293–306) has been inserted in either orientation into Autographa callfornica nuclear polyhedrosis baculovirus (AcNPV) in lieu of the 5′ coding region of the AcNPV polyhedrin gene Hooft van Iddenkinge et al., 1983 , Smith et al., 1983 Mol. Cell. Biol. 3, 2156–2165). The two types of recombinant viruses were used to infect Spodoptera frugiperda cells and the expressed PT viral proteins characterized. Recombinant AcNPV having the S DNA in one orientation expressed PT virus N protein in amounts estimated to represent some 50% of the infected cell extracts, whereas recombinants with the S DNA in the other orientation expressed the putative PT virus NSs protein in lower quantities. Antisera that were monospecific with respect to each of the two PT proteins virus were raised in mice using the corresponding S. frugiperda infected cell extracts and were employed to identify N and NSs proteins in PT virus-infected Vero cells.
Chemical cross-linking and its effect on fatty acid synthetase activity in intact chloroplasts from Euglena gracilis

Abstract Intact chloroplasts were isolated from Euglena gracilis variety bacillaris, and aliquots were exposed to several different chemical cross-linking reagents. The reagents penetrated the triple membrane of Euglena chloroplasts. This was shown by gradient acrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. The activity of the nonaggregated fatty acid synthetase of Euglena was located within the chloroplast stroma, and the effects of dimethylsuberimidate cross-linking on the activity of the enzyme system were examined. The acyl-carrier protein concentration in the chloroplast was measured at about 0.24 mM.
Hydrogen transport in austenitic stainless steel

Abstract The permeability, diffusivity, and solubility of hydrogen in austenitic stainless steels were determined by analysing the time-temperature dependence of deuterium flux through foil specimens. For a variety of such steels, the temperature dependence of these transport properties is given by: ϕ=6×10 −3 exp (−14,3000/RT) cc(NTP)/(cm-atm 1 2 - S D=4·7×10 −3 exp (−12,900/RT) cm 2 /s C=1·28 exp (−1,400/RT) cc(NTP)/cm 3 - atm 1 2 ) . These equations lie within the range of reported values. Much of the scatter between the results of previous investigators probably resulted from surface control of permeation. Surface effects were minimized in the current study; therefore, the above equations should approximate diffusion-controlled hydrogen transport.
Implicit definability and infinitary languages

In this paper we define the notions of invariant implicit definability (i.i.d.) and semi-invariant implicit definability (s.i.i.d.) on e-models, A , of a certain weak set theory. These notions are intended to be the analogs of recursiveness and recursive enumerability, respectively. Following Barwise, with each A is associated an infinitary language whose formulas are elements of A .
Output Feedback Stabilization Based on General Solution of Matrix Equation

This paper gives a method for static output feedback stabilization of linear time invariant systems. A general solution of a matrix equation concerning system parameter matrices is used to construct a state coordinate transformation. Then, the closed-loop system is equivalent to a transitional form, whose pivotal isolated subsystem can be stabilized via a gain matrix. This gain matrix is the free variable of the general solution. Furthermore, using this general solution of the matrix equation, the original problem is reformulated to a low dimension system, which can be easily solved. Numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.
EVIDENCE FOR MILLIMETER-WAVE COHERENT EMISSION FROM THE NSLS VUV RING.

Coherent synchrotron radiation from the NSLS VUV ring has been detected and partially characterized. The observations have been performed at the new far infrared beamline U12IR. The coherent radiation is peaked near a wavelength of 7mm and occurs in short duration bursts. The bursts occur only when the electron beam current (I) exceeds a threshold value (I{sub th}), which itself varies with ring operating conditions. Beyond threshold, the average intensity of the emission is found to increase as (I-I{sub th}). The coherent emission implies micro-bunching of the electron beam due to a longitudinal instability.
Simulation Evaluation of a Reconfigurable Flight Controller of a Heli-UAV for Extreme Maneuvers

Recent advances in software engineering, computer processing and control engineering are creating opportunities for advancing the state-of-the-art in Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operations. Specifically, in order to exploit the full potential of UAV's, they are required to operate in confined air space such as in between buildings close to obstacles, and they are required to perform extreme maneuvers during such operations. A flight controller configured for normal mode of operation may not be effective for control of the vehicle during extreme maneuvers without some sort of control reconfiguration. This paper presents simulation evaluation of a mode transitioning and control reconfiguration strategy based on fuzzy logic for a helicopter UAV in transitioning from a nominal forward speed flight mode to a barrel roll mode and back.
Investigations in adaptive distributed simulation

A new adaptive protocol for distributed discrete event simulation is proposed. This protocol spans the continuum of protocols from conservative to optimistic allowing each process in a distributed simulation to adapt to the specific simulation problem at runtime. An actual implementation of the protocol has been tested on a network of workstations for a closed queueing system. The results are very favorable and the algorithm has outperformed a conservative and an optimistic protocol in some cases.
On the sum rate of channel subspace feedback for multi-antenna broadcast channels

When a base-station with multiple antennas is transmitting to a single user with one antenna, feeding back the normalized channel vector (channel subsapce feedback) to the transmitter can achieve the same capacity as if the exact channel state information is available at the transmitter. For the multiuser scenario, however, perfect channel knowledge is usually required at the transmitter to obtain the sum rate advantage provided by the multiple transmit antennas. In this paper, we consider the sum rate of a multi-antenna broadcast channel when each user only feeds back the normalized channel vector. We show that in such situation the zero-forcing dirty paper (ZFDP) encoding scheme designed using channel subspace feedback achieves the throughput of full channel knowledge ZFDP encoding without optimal power allocation. It is shown to be asymptotically optimal for high signal-to-noise ratios. The closed-form expression of the ergodic sum rate for an independent Rayleigh fading channel is derived. The throughput performance of the regularized channel inversion technique under channel subspace feedback is also analyzed. We show that channel subspace feedback in the multi-antenna broadcast channel enables the system to achieve most of the sum rate advantage provided by the multiple antennas
Condom Use Measurement in 56 Studies of Sexual Risk Behavior: Review and Recommendations

Despite numerous studies that measure self-reported condom use, there is currently no agreed upon "gold standard" in terms of the best way to assess condom use. The purpose of the current study was to review measures of self-reported condom use within correlational studies of sexual risk behavior, and to evaluate such measures on the basis of suggestions from the methodological literature. An additional purpose was to examine specifically whether measures published in the correlational literature have improved over time. A systematic review of studies was undertaken and specific review criteria were used to guide the inclusion of studies. A final set of 56 studies that contained 72 measures of self-reported condom use were included in the review. These measures were coded and evaluated on 12 dimensions, including measure type, number of response categories, recall period, sex partner specificity, and sex act specificity. Results indicated a great amount of diversity in terms of how condom use has been measured in the literature. Although results indicated that measures published between 1996 and 2003 were of higher quality on a number of dimensions as compared to 1989-1995, a number of these gains were minimal and in some cases measures have decreased in quality. The overall conclusion is that the sexual risk behavior literature should implement more of the recommendations made by methodological scholars in this area. Specific recommendations are summarized and presented in a way that may be helpful in guiding the development of future measures of self-reported condom use.
The temperament profiles of school-age children

Maternal reports of child temperament were used to develop temperament profiles of school-age children. The subjects were 883 children who were between 4 and 12 years of age. The children’s families varied substantially in their socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity. To develop the profiles, the dimensions derived from the School-Age Temperament Inventory were subjected to a second order principal factor analysis with varimax rotation. Pearson chi-squares were used to determine whether sociodemographic variables were proportionally represented among the profiles. Forty-two percent of the children were classified into four temperament profiles. High maintenance and cautious/slow to warm up were deemed as challenging temperaments. Industrious and social/eager to try were mirror images of those profiles and were labeled easy. Some children were both types of challenging or easy profiles. The generalizability of the profiles in relation to the sociodemographic variables of gender, age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status was also examined. Challenging temperament profiles were disproportionately represented by boys, Hispanic children, and those from lower socioeconomic families. Girls were over represented in the group that included both types of easy temperaments. Social/eager to try children were more often from higher rather than lower socioeconomic status families. Clinical applications and research implications for the profiles are discussed. The profiles can be used as exemplars that parents can use to recognize their child’s temperament. Further research is needed to explore whether different developmental outcomes are associated with the profiles. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Pliocene Climatic and Glacial History of Antarctica As Revealed by Southeast Indian Ocean Deep-Sea Cores

Sediment and microfossils from three subantarctic deep-sea cores recovered in the Southeast Indian Ocean have revealed a detailed climatic and glacial history for the Pliocene Epoch. Two cores contain sediment sequences that overlap and are of middle Matuyama through Gilbert a age, and one core extends into sediment that was deposited at the beginning of the Gilbert epoch (5.1 m.y. B.P.). Quartz grains that are >62 µm in size are found throughout the cores, and examination of their surfaces by scanning electron microscopy reveals that most of them are of either primary glacial or glacial marine origin. The remaining grains have features similar to grains transported mainly in a subaqueous environment. Glacially derived quartz grains become more abundant in sediment younger than the Gilbert a event; this trend continues in sediment of Gauss through middle Matuyama age. The greater abundance of ice-rafted quartz grains in sediment younger than the Gilbert a event may reflect a major late Cenozoic increase in antarctic glaciation. Radiolarian faunas from sediment intervals of Gauss age indicate temperatures comparable to modern surface-water temperatures at the same latitudes. Warmer water faunas, however, are found in sediment of early Matuyama and late Gauss age, whereas cooler water faunas are found in middle Matuyama and upper Gilbert sediment. The warmest interval occurs directly below sediment of Gilbert c age. This interval, which is significantly warmer than the present-day surface-water temperatures at the same latitude, is followed by a marked cooling between the Gilbert b and a events and precedes the increase in glacially derived quartz grains during the Gilbert a event. There are indications that antarctic glaciation preceded major cooling of the Southern Ocean and contributed to the long-term world-wide cooling postulated for late Cenozoic time. The marked increase in ice-rafted sediment during late Gilbert time may be related to an increase in antarctic glaciation perhaps to the point where permanent ice shelves developed, the formation of which may have greatly increased antarctic bottom-water activity in the circumpolar region.