cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variables and Pitch Normalization

The first two chapters introduced this study’s topics from the perspectives of tonal features and L2 acquisition of tones, respectively. Chapter 1 identified our aim of connecting acoustic features to psychological features. Chapter 2 confirmed that L2 learners’ greatest difficulty in acquiring tones is mastering the tonal system as a whole.
Negative life events predict performance on an executive function task in young adults with developmental disabilities.

Background Recent research with typically developing children indicates that chronic stress can be detrimental to the development of executive function. This study extends this work to individuals with developmental disabilities and examines the longitudinal relationship between an indicator of chronic stress, negative life events, and performance on a task of executive function within a group of 30 individuals with early identified developmental disabilities. Methods Multilevel modelling was used to analyse the relationship between cumulative negative life events and response time on a Flanker task. Results As hypothesized, individuals who had experienced more cumulative negative life events in their families demonstrated longer response time, an indicator of less efficient executive function. Conclusions The association between cumulative negative life events and executive function for children with developmental disabilities suggests the prominent role of the environment for development in this domain. These findings also suggest the importance of providing services, resources, and interventions that will help families adaptively cope with stressful circumstances.
Guiding Law Students through For-Profit Field Placements

The goal of this article is to help law school externship clinicians guide law students through for-profit field placements. First, this article discusses the outcomes sought in traditional non-profit field placements, and the methodologies that externship clinicians use to guide, enhance, and assess the students’ experiences. Second, this article discusses educational benefits available in for-profit placements that may not be as readily available at non-profits. Third, using similar methodologies used for non-profit placements, the author suggests topics for reflection externship clinicians can use to help guide, enhance, and assess the for-profit experience for students.
Hormonal control of delayed development in the California leaf-nosed bat, Macrotus californicus. III. Changes in plasma progesterone during pregnancy.

Abstract Plasma samples were collected from 95 M. californicus at 9 different intervals during the bat's 9 month gestation period. Radioimmunoassay for progesterone concentration of these samples revealed 2 peaks; the first occurring in the first trimester of pregnancy (22 ng/ml), followed by a 3 month period in which progesterone concentrations were decreased to an average of 7 ng/ml. A second peak in hormone levels occurred in mid-May (32 ng/ml) followed by a sharp decline in progesterone in the early June, preparturition samples. The first progesterone peak corresponds to the time of placentation followed by reduced hormone concentration during the retarded embryonic growth phase. The second peak in progesterone concentrations coincides with the accelerated growth rate of the embryo and perhaps represents the additional hormonal stimulus needed for completion of fetal development.
Brain drug targeting: Drug targeting, drug discovery, and brain drug development

The brain of all vertebrates is protected from substances in the blood by the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Owing to the presence of the BBB, >98% of new drugs discovered for the central nervous system (CNS) do not enter the brain following systemic administration. Twentieth-century CNS drug development, like drug development in general, relied almost exclusively on small molecule pharmaceuticals, as it was generally believed that small molecules cross the BBB. In fact, most small molecules do not cross the BBB, as reviewed in Chapter 3. The few small molecules that did cross the BBB enabled twentieth-century CNS drug development to focus on small molecule drug discovery without a parallel program in CNS drug targeting. The sole reliance on small molecules will change in the twenty-first century as large molecule pharmaceuticals are developed. Large molecule drugs are peptides, recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies, antisense drugs, and gene edicines. Since these large molecule drugs do not cross the BBB, it will not be possible to develop large molecules as CNS pharmaceuticals unless there is a parallel development of BBB drug-targeting technology. The future of brain drug development will, therefore, be limited by progress in brain drug targeting. The driving force in the discovery and development of large molecule drugs is the emerging new science of genomics (Figure 1.1). The application of genomics technologies and gene microarrays, in parallel with the availability of the complete sequence of the human genome, will lead to the discovery of thousands of new gene targets, and thousands of new secreted proteins.
A crustal section of northern Central America as inferred from wide-angle reflections from shallow earthquakes

abstract A three-layered crustal model and corresponding Q structure for a central portion of northern Central America are derived using both travel-time and amplitude data of wide-angle reflections. Sources are very shallow earthquakes distributed along the Motagua fault in Guatemala and recorded at Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Assuming a Pn velocity of 8.0 km/sec, P -wave velocities are derived as 5.79, 6.14, and 6.80 km/sec and layer thicknesses are 9.6, 14.6, and 13.2 km. The total crustal thickness is estimated at 37.4 km. Comparing observed and calculated amplitude ratios among three wide-angle reflections, we obtained Q values of 390 for the first layer and 260 for the third layer with an arbitrarily chosen Q of 500 for the second layer. The crustal structure of northern Central America is similar to circum-Pacific continental structures such as those in southern Mexico, Peru, and Japan. This, coupled with the existence of a Paleozoic crystalline basement in the study area, strongly supports a continental origin for northern Central America.
Hypoellipticity and vanishing theorems

Let $-\im\Lie_\T$ (essentially Lie derivative with respect to $\T$, a smooth nowhere zero real vector field) and $P$ be commuting differential operators, respectively of orders 1 and $m\geq 1$, the latter formally normal, both acting on sections of a vector bundle over a closed manifold. It is shown that if $P+(-i\Lie_\T)^m$ is elliptic then the restriction of $-\im\Lie_\T$ to $\Dom\subset \ker P\subset L^2$ yields a selfadjoint operator $-\im\Lie_\T|_\Dom:\Dom\subset\ker P\to \ker P$ with compact resolvent ($\Dom$ is specified carefully). It is also shown that, in the presence of an additional hypothesis on microlocal hypoellipticity of $P$, $-\im\Lie_\T|_\Dom$ is semi-bounded. These results are applied to CR manifolds on which $\T$ acts as an infinitesimal CR transformation which are then shown to yield versions of Kodaira's vanishing theorem.
The spectrum of bile duct complications in pediatric liver transplantation

Abstract It has been noted that reduced-size liver transplants are associated with increased rates of biliary complications, and it has been suggested that some of these complications can be handled nonoperatively. In a 6-year period, 91 orthotopic liver transplants were performed in 77 children. The medical records were reviewed to analyze the effect of reduced-size grafts on the incidence of bile duct complications and to investigate the utility of interventional radiology techniques for treatment. Forty-two children received 47 whole-organ transplants, and 35 children received 44 reduced-size transplants. The median age and weight were greater for children receiving whole-organ transplants (age, 4.25 years; weight, 16 kg) than for those receiving reduced-size grafts (age, 1.0 year; weight, 8 kg). The overall incidence of bile duct complications was 19.5% (n = 15). The incidence was not different between the whole organ group (17%) and the reduced-size group (16%). Four of the children with bile duct complications had associated hepatic artery thrombosis, two of whom had another transplant. Complications included anastomotic stricture (n = 6), anastomotic leak (n = 5), intraparenchymal biloma (n = 3), and multiple strictures (n = 1). Twelve of 15 children presented within 3 months of transplantation. Six children had initial percutaneous drainage or placement of transanastomotic stents (external). Operative repair was eventually required for all 15 children, three of whom received a second transplant. There was a 40% incidence of cytomegalovirus infection involving the liver or extrahepatic bile ducts near the time of presentation. There were two deaths among the 15 children; only one was a direct result of the bile duct complication. Neither the rate nor type of bile duct complication differs between the whole-organ and the reduced-size group. Nonoperative therapy was uniformly unsuccessful. Percutaneous approaches allowed for clinical improvement before operative intervention.
INVENTORY CONSIDERATIONS IN NETWORK DESIGN

Network design is a cornerstone of logistics management. It is traditionally used to determine the number and location of warehouses that optimize the joint transportation and fixed warehousing cost. We propose a network design model that enables managers to include inventory cost simultaneously with transportation and fixed warehouse cost in the optimization process. The proposed model treats inventory cost as a discrete function of the number of warehouses. The research also includes an illustration of the application of the proposed model using data obtained from a national retailer based in the Midwest. Results show that savings can be substantial and that the proposed model might also be used to define different configurations for C items than for A and B items.
Pseudotumour of the kidney secondary to posterior urethral valves: the role of renal backflow and perirenal extravasation

In three male neonates, successfully treated for posterior urethral valves, unilateral “pseudotumour” deformity of the collecting system ensued. Two of them had, preoperatively, a marked ipsilateral perirenal urinary extravasation (urinoma), one in addition gross contralateral renal backflow with moderate leakage to the renal capsule. The other one had slight contralateral backflow to the kidney parenchyma but also urinary ascites. The third patient had considerable unilateral renal backflow on the side of developing deformity but no perirenal extravasation. Out of the three patients, two had bilateral Grade IV–V vesico-ureteral reflux, in the third patient reflux of the same degree was present and this only on the side opposite to the deformity. In all three patients the kidney with the “pseudotumour” became taller and more slender than the normally developing mate. There was either slight or no loss of renal parenchyma. At the last follow-up, 1–3 years after diagnosis of the valves, kidney function was normal.
Conductance of a conjugated molecule with carbon nanotube contacts

Calculations of the conductance of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-molecule-CNT structure are in agreement with experimental measurements [1]. The features in the transmission correspond directly to the features of the isolated molecular orbitals. The HOMO provides conductance at low bias that is relatively insensitive to the end groups of the cut CNTs, the cut angle, or the number of molecular bridges. A molecular conformation change not directly in the path of the carrier transport increases the resistance by over 2 orders of magnitude. [1] X. Guo, J. P. Small, J. E. Klare, Y. Wang, M. S. Purewal, I. W. Tam, B. H. Hong, R. Caldwell, L. Huang, S. O'Brien, et al., Science 311, 356 (2006), URL this http URL
Pharmacotherapy and surgery treatment for the severely obese adolescent.

206 Volume 23 Number 4 Obesity is a growing problem both in the United States and worldwide, with the majority (66.3%) of U.S. adults considered overweight or obese according to a recent report from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Ogden et al., 2006). The statistics concerning children in the report are disquieting, with 17.1% of children ages 2 to 17 years considered obese based on the recommended American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) terminology (Barlow and Expert Committee, 2007; Ogden et al.). This month’s column will review the current recommendations from the AAP and The Endocrine Society for the treatment of severely obese adolescents with pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery (August et al., 2008; Barlow and Expert Committee). Both the AAP and the Endocrine Society recently have released recommendations for the prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity (August et al., 2008; Barlow and Expert Committee, 2007). The recommendations incorporate lifestyle changes including diet, exercise, and behavioral modification as the initial treatment for obese adolescents. The AAP (Barlow and Expert Committee) provides a systematic staged approach to the prevention and treatment of overweight and obese children, with the severely obese child requiring stage 4 or tertiary care intervention, whereas the Endocrine Society (August et al.) provides
Periprosthetic joint infection with negative culture results: clinical characteristics and treatment outcome.

Abstract Negative culture result is frequently encountered in periprosthetic joint infection, but its clinical feature has not been well studied. In this study, clinical characteristics and treatment outcome were compared in two patient groups: (1) 40 periprosthetic joint infections with negative culture results (culture-negative group) and (2) 135 patients with positive culture results (culture-positive group). In comparison of two groups, the culture-negative group showed significantly higher incidence of prior antibiotic use ( p =0.005), higher incidence of prior resection surgery ( p p =0.02) than the culture-positive group. The success rate of infection control was higher in the culture-negative group ( p =0.006), which suggests that culture negativity may not necessarily be a negative prognostic factor for periprosthetic joint infection.
The Real and Apparent Stellar Magnitudes of Telescopic Meteors

Six (6) dual observations of meteors, made with the naked eye and with a telescope or binoculars, are discussed. It is found that one (1) was a “point” meteor. Two (2) were “line” meteors seen with the telescope or binoculars before being noticed with the naked eye and at below-the-naked-eye magnitude. Three (3) were “line” meteors, for which the binocular and the naked-eye observers recorded essentially the same real magnitudes.
Magnetotransport measurements of single crystalline heavy fermion YbNi2B2C

Abstract We have measured transverse (B ⊥ I) and longitudinal (B ∥ I) magnetoresistance on a single crystalline sample of YbNi2B2C. A remarkably large anisotropic transverse magnetoresistance was found when applying magnetic field parallel or perpendicular to the c-axis of the tetragonal crystallographic structure. A pronounced maximum at 10 T develops below 4 K in the transverse magnetoresistance when the magnetic field is applied along the c-axis, whereas a minimum is found at 7 T below 4 K when the applied field is perpendicular to the c-axis. Above 5 K both configurations (B ∥c and B ⊥ c) show a negative magnetoresistance. Finally, the possibility of a metamagnetic-like transition in this compound will be discussed in conjunction with high field magnetization experiments.
Flexibility for Whom? Control over Work Schedule Variability in the US

Abstract According to the May Work Schedules and Work at Home Supplement of the Current Population Survey in 1997, 2001, and 2004, the proportion of employees in the United States with variable starting and/or stopping times who do not control their schedules has increased rapidly since the late 1990s. This category included one out of nine civilian employees ages 18–65 in 2004. These jobs have increased rapidly within industries and occupations. The incumbents of these jobs are more likely to be men, black, and immigrant; white, US-born women' chances of holding such jobs are greatly reduced by their responsibility for children. These findings identify a growing tendency to structure jobs so as to exacerbate the conflict between family work and paid employment, and to reinforce the gender division of labor between home and wage labor, especially in the most disadvantaged communities within the US.
Inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation by naphthoquinones: structure-activity relationships and possible mechanisms of action.

Abstract Menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a remarkably potent inhibitor of microsomal lipid peroxidation, effective at submicromolar concentrations. Its possible mechanism of action and the relationship between naphthoquinone structure and antioxidant activity were the topics of this investigation. In the microsomal lipid-peroxidizing system dependent on NADPH and ferric pyrophosphate, menadione, at concentrations of 50 μ m or higher virtually eliminated the accumulation of malondialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxides. In the NADPH-independent, cumene hydroperoxide dependent system, menadione was also an effective antioxidant, but only in the presence of reducing equivalents. These and other observations indicate that a reduced form of menadione, either the hydroquinone or semiquinone, is the active antioxidant, and suggest that it may trap hydroperoxy radicals, alkoxy radicals, or other free radicals involved in propagating lipid peroxidation. Moreover, these results show that electron diversion per se cannot account for the antioxidant effects of menadione. A comparison of the antioxidant activities of eight 1,4-naphthoquinones indicated that methyl substitution of C-2, lack of steric hindrance at C-3 or C-5, and (in the case of weak acids) a relatively high pKa are favorable structural features associated with strong antioxidant activity.
A periodically forced, piecewise linear system, Part II: The fragmentation mechanism of strange attractors and grazing

Abstract In the first part of this work, the local singularity of non-smooth dynamical systems was discussed and the criteria for the grazing bifurcation were presented mathematically. In this part, the fragmentation mechanism of strange attractors in non-smooth dynamical systems is investigated. The periodic motion transition is completed through grazing. The concepts for the initial and final grazing, switching manifolds are introduced for six basic mappings. The fragmentation of strange attractors in non-smooth dynamical systems is described mathematically. The fragmentation mechanism of the strange attractor for such a non-smooth dynamical system is qualitatively discussed. Such a fragmentation of the strange attractor is illustrated numerically. The criteria and topological structures for the fragmentation of the strange attractor need to be further developed as in hyperbolic strange attractors. The fragmentation of the strange attractors extensively exists in non-smooth dynamical systems, which will help us better understand chaotic motions in non-smooth dynamical systems.
Theoretical considerations relating to the effect of injector designon unstable burning of liquid propellant rocket motors.

Abstract : Rocket motors burn unstably when the rate of conversion of liquid propellants to product gases is influenced by disturbances in the internal gas dynamic field in such a way as to amplify the disturbances more than they are attenuated by the various damping mechanisms. Thus, it has long been recognized that coupling between the conversion process and the internal field is of vital importance to motor stability. Of the several mechanisms which are found to influence this coupling significantly, the influence of the injector configuration has been least studied theoretically. The present study is concerned with the influence of one specific family of injectors, namely the socalled like-on-unlike impinging doublet. It is clear that fluctuations in the gas dynamic field may cause the point of impingement to fluctuate, and thereby produce fluctuations in the rate of feed of liquid into the conversion region. That these fluctuations may have a very significant effect on motor stability is suggested by numerical calculations based on a crude analytical model. A number of the features of 'injector zone coupling' are then discussed physically, and shown to be to a large extent independent of the crudity of the analytical model. Certain of these considerations should have application to practical motor design. (Author)
Efficiently exploring compiler optimization sequences with pairwise pruning

Most compilers apply optimizations in a fixed order regardless of input programs. However, it is well known that optimizations can have enabling, and disabling interactions or equivalent effects. The effects of interference are program specific and hence no single sequence is universally appropriate for all input programs. In this paper we explore the problem of searching for optimal sequences of compiler optimizations to apply for a given program and describe novel strategies that bring us a step closer to searching this problem space efficiently. We also construct models for accurately predicting the runtime performance of a program when a sequence of optimizations is applied to it. The early results of the models on a small set of input programs are encouraging and suggest that the approaches we describe are worthy of further consideration.
Observation of quadrupole hyperfine structure in the v6 RQ3 (6) transition of 12CH335Cl

Abstract Quadrupole hyperfine structure has been observed in the v 6 R Q 3 (6) transition of 12 CH 3 35 Cl using a stable CO 2 laser oscillating on the 9.4 μm P(26) line. By heterodyning this laser with another which is locked to the 4.3 μm fluorescence dip of the 00 0 1-00 0 CO 2 transition, an accurate measurement of the hyperfine splittings has been made. The observed spectrum agrees, within experimental error, to the theoretical values evaluated without the need for a vibrational correction to the quadrupole interaction in the excited vibrational state. The hyperfine component closest to the center of the CO 2 P(26) transition is determined to be 5.6 ± 0.1 MHz from the P(26) line center.
Cognitive Antecedents and Sequelae of Smoking Relapse Crises1

This study examines Marlatt's account of the cognitions surrounding relapse episodes. Interviews with 143 ex-smokers who called a relapse prevention hotline provided mixed support for this account. Most subjects, especially those who smoked, stated that they had expected smoking to result in reduced tension. Subjects who were motivated by reduction of craving were unlikely to smoke. Contrary to expectations, all subjects experienced significant drops in self-efficacy as a result of the relapse crisis, regardless of whether or not they smoked. Subjects who did not smoke worried about future crises, while those who did felt guilty about their transgression. Both groups reported feelings of failure, which were related to the absence of coping. These unexpected results, though based on a limited sample, suggest that many subjects' experience of relapses and near-relapses are not well described by current theory.
Clustering DNA sequences by feature vectors

We represent all DNA sequences as points in twelve-dimensional space in such a way that homologous DNA sequences are clustered together, from which a new genomic space is created for global DNA sequences comparison of millions of genes simultaneously. More specifically, basing on the contents of four nucleotides, their distances from the origin and their distribution along the sequences, a twelve-dimensional vector is given to any DNA sequence. The applicability of this analysis on global comparison of gene structures was tested on myoglobin, beta-globin, histone-4, lysozyme, and rhodopsin families. Members from each family exhibit smaller vector distances relative to the distances of members from different families. The vector distance also distinguishes random sequences generated based on same bases composition. Sequence comparisons showed consistency with the BLAST method. Once the new gene is discovered, we can compute the location of this new gene in our genomic space. It is natural to predict that the properties of this new gene are similar to the properties of known genes that are locating near by. Biologists can do various experiments to test these properties.
ABNORMAL METABOLIC RESPONSE TO ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT OF A RECOMBINATION DEFICIENT MUTANT OF ESCHERICHIA COLI K12.

A given dose of ultraviolet irradiation produces as many pyrimidine-dimer-containing photoproducts in the DNA of the Escherichia coli Rec − strain JC1569 as it does in the related Rec + strain JC1557. Both strains excise dimer-containing photoproducts from their DNA to the same extent. In comparison with JC1557, approximately 30 times as much DNA of the Rec − strain is degraded per unit dose of ultraviolet light. Perhaps as a result of this excess ultraviolet-induced degradation, irradiated Rec − cells do not incorporate appreciable amounts of exogenous thymidine or thymine into DNA and have few survivors following exposure to an ultraviolet dose which almost all Rec + cells survive. A numerical argument is offered to establish the ability of Rec − cells successfully to replace excised pyrimidine-dimer-containing regions of the DNA with normal nucleotide residues. No effect of the rec − mutation in JC1569 was found on the level of activity of the following enzymes: endonuclease I, exonuclease I, exonuclease III and DNA phosphatase, and DNA polymerase and exonuclease II.
Psychiatric Management of Eating Disorders

▪ Abstract As the number of patients with eating disorders continues to grow, primary care providers are more frequently challenged with treating anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The management of these conditions requires a comprehensive understanding of eating disorder assessment, medical consequences, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and levels of treatment. An effective treatment plan is typically cognitive behavior oriented and may include a combination of individual, group, and family therapies. These therapies and other treatment options, such as psychopharmacology, will be reviewed.
Brain-stem auditory evoked responses to hypercarbia in preterm infants

To determine the effect of acute hypercarbia on brain-stem function in preterm neonates, we compared brain-stem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) during 8% CO2 breathing to those elicited during room air breathing in 12 healthy preterm infants during the first week of life. End-tidal CO2 (ETpCO2), respiratory rate and depth were monitored throughout the protocol. Absolute wave latencies and interpeak intervals of the BAERs were analyzed from duplicate trials. During 8% CO2 breathing, ETpCO2, respiratory rate and depth of respiration increased significantly (P < 0.05). The absolute latency of wave V was prolonged (P < 0.025) in the hypercarbic state as compared to baseline. Interpeak interval III-V was also prolonged (P < 0.025). Values of absolute peak latencies I and III were unaffected by the hypercarbic state. These data demonstrate that elevations in pCO2 which elicit ventilatory responses also effect the BAER. The specific effects on ventilatory pattern, peak V latency and interpeak interval III-V indicate brain-stem responsiveness and alterations in the more central components of the auditory pathway. These findings raise important considerations regarding the influence of hypercarbia on brain-stem function in preterm infants and the clinical management of such infants with abnormalities of gas exchange.
Mice lacking the sodium-dependent phosphate import protein, PiT1 (SLC20A1), have a severe defect in terminal erythroid differentiation and early B cell development

Phosphate is critical in multiple biological processes (phosphorylation reactions, ATP production, and DNA structure and synthesis). It remains unclear how individual cells initially sense changes in phosphate availability and the cellular consequences of these changes. PiT1 (or SLC20A1) is a constitutively expressed, high-affinity sodium-dependent phosphate import protein. In vitro data suggest that PiT1 serves a direct role in mediating cellular proliferation; its role in vivo is unclear. We have discovered that mice lacking PiT1 develop a profound underproduction anemia characterized by mild macrocytosis, dyserythropoiesis, increased apoptosis, and a near complete block in terminal erythroid differentiation. In addition, the animals are severely B cell lymphopenic because of a defect in pro–B cell development and mildly neutropenic. The phenotype is intrinsic to the hematopoietic system, is associated with a defect in cell cycle progression, and occurs in the absence of changes in serum phosphate or calcium concentrations and independently of a change in cellular phosphate uptake. The severity of the anemia and block in terminal erythroid differentiation and B cell lymphopenia are striking and suggest that PiT1 serves a fundamental and nonredundant role in murine terminal erythroid differentiation and B cell development. Intriguingly, as the anemia mimics the ineffective erythropoiesis in some low-grade human myelodysplastic syndromes, this murine model might also provide pathologic insight into these disorders.
Relationships between heat flow, paleotemperatures, coalification and petroleum maturation in the San Juan Basin, northwest New Mexico and southwest Colorado

Abstract Across the San Juan Basin both coal rank and heat flow suggest the past and present geothermal influence of a massive thermal source associated with the San Juan volcanic field. Maximum paleotemperature estimates are calculated for the Fruitland Formation coals across the San Juan Basin by correlating coal rank to temperature-maturation charts for the Gulf Coast region, and by considering the effects of paleoclimate, uplift, additional burial and the San Juan volcanic field heat source. Estimated maximum paleotemperatures for the Basin are generally consistent with the regional pretroleum production, oil production occurring in the cooler regions around the western, southern and eastern periphery, gas production occurring in the warmer central and northern areas. Paleotemperatures in upper Pennsylvanian rocks, in the northern and perhaps central parts of the Basin, have likely exceeded the dry gas preservation limit (150°C for Cretaceous rock in the Gulf Coast); therefore Paleozoic petroleum production in these areas is questionable.
Challenges in spatiotemporal stream query optimization

Simplified technology and low costs have spurred the use of location-detection devices in moving objects. Usually, these devices will send the moving objects' location information to a spatio-temporal data stream management system, which will be then responsible for answering spatio-temporal queries related to these moving objects. A large spectrum of research have been devoted to continuous spatio-temporal query processing. However, we argue that several outstanding challenges have been either addressed partially or not at all in the existing literature. In particular, in this paper, we focus on the optimization of multi-predicate spatio-temporal queries on moving objects. We present several major challenges related to the lack of spatio-temporal pipelined operators, and the impact of time, space, and their combination on the query plan optimality under different circumstances mof query and object distributions. We show that building an adaptive query optimization framework is key in addressing these challenges and coping with the dynamic nature of the environment we are evolving in.
The University of Illinois Nuclear Physics Laboratory, 1982

Our six-traversal Microtron Using a Superconducting Linac, MUSL-2, provides 100% duty factor electron beams with energies between 2 and 80 MeV. Five major experimental facilities have been developed to exploit the high duty cycle, including both low and high energy bremsstrahlung facilities, two photon tagging systems, and an electron scattering coincidence facility. The properties of the accelerator and the work in progress to improve its performance are outlined. The capabilities of each experimental area are discussed with examples from recent research projects. Finally, our plans to construct a 750 MeV, 100 ?A cascade microtron using room-temperature linacs are presented.
Precipitator efficiency for log-normal distributions

Abstract The work of Allander and Matts with its subsequent continuation by Matts and Ohnfeldt, on the efficiency of electrostatic precipitation for polydispersed particles, has attracted a certain amount of interest in recent years because of its actual and potential usefulness. In this paper we look at the same problem, beginning with a straightforward integration of the Deutsch formula for log-normal distributions and obtain a simple result, the m -factor method, for estimating efficiency in this case. The Allander-Matts results are shown to be equivalent to this work if the geometric standard deviation is replaced by a fractional power of itself. We then go on to show that the Matts-Ohnfeldt formula is an approximation to a formula which one of us published some years ago. We feel that our own theory has a firmer physical basis, and accounts for many other phenomena. However, the pioneering effort of our Swedeish predecessors was the starting point of this paper.
DETECTION OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVES BY STELLAR SCINTILLATION IN SPACE.

It is shown that gravitational waves generated by close binaries in our galaxy will lead to stellar scintillation. This scintillation seems to be large enough to be detectable with sensitive photocounters in space. With two observation stations separated by a sufficiently large distance in space, it should be also possible to measure the space-time correlation of the predicted scintillation effect and, hence, the propagation velocity of gravitational waves. It is believed that quasars, depending on their state of gravitational collapse, can emit a large amount of gravitational radiation. Under certain assumptions, one can show that the gravitational waves emitted by quasars may result in large brightness scintillation of far distant quasars. The observations of quasars seem to support the theoretically-predicted brightness fluctuations and characteristic fluctuation times. Finally, the question of gravitational background radiation in the universe is considered in connection with the recently discovered 4°K electromagnetic black-body radiation.
Mental health and well-being of black women: Toward strategies of empowerment

This review of the literature on Black women's mental health has three goals: 1) to describe the mental health issues, needs, and adaptive behaviors of Black women; 2) to discuss the research, intervention, and public policy efforts of mental health professionals and Black women's groups to address the multiple needs of this population; and 3) to identify effective strategies by which community psychologists can improve the mental health status of Black women through efforts to reduce their environmental stressors, to increase their resources and access to services, and to facilitate their empowerment in American society. The authors propose a number of recommendations to improve Black women's mental health, including changes in research paradigms, changes in education and training programs, and the development of culturally competent service delivery systems.
C-reactive protein induces expression of tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and promotes fibrin accumulation in vein grafts.

Saphenous veins are used to perform coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in patients with advanced obstructive coronary artery disease. The procedure involves connecting one end of the harvested saphenous vein segment to the aorta and the other end to a coronary artery, distal to its obstructed segment. Early vein graft (VG) thrombosis, defined as that occurring within 30 days after surgery, is an important clinical problem that occurs in 3-12% of patients. Multiple factors are involved, including traumatic injury of the VG during surgery, endothelial cell denudation and dysfunction, turbulent or diminished blood flow, and inflammation [1]. However, the pathogenesis of VG thrombosis is inadequately understood, which has limited strategies to prevent this important clinical problem. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant plasma protein that plays a key role in innate immune responses [2]. In humans, CRP expression increases markedly in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as surgery [3]. Elevated plasma CRP is associated with increased risk of early VG occlusion [4, 5]. In addition, CRP is present in the wall of VGs, where it may exert important biological effects [6, 7]. In vitro, CRP induces tissue factor (TF) expression by vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) [8-10], and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) by endothelial cells [11, 12]. These effects would be expected to promote thrombosis. However, the impact of enhanced CRP expression on TF and PAI-1 expression in VGs in vivo remains undefined, and it is unknown whether elevated CRP expression promotes VG thrombosis or is simply a biomarker associated with increased thrombotic risk. The goals of this study were to examine the effects of CRP on TF and PAI-1 expression in VGs and to determine if increased CRP expression promotes fibrin formation and thrombosis in VGs. To achieve our objectives we utilized a VG surgery model and human CRP-transgenic (Tg) mice bearing the full-length human CRP gene, including its natural promoter [13]. Our results suggest that CRP is a driver of pathological processes that contribute to early VG thrombosis.
Evaluating potentially aberrant outpatient prescriptions for extended-release oxycodone.

In early 2001, a number of media reports began to appear on the abuse and diversion of extended-release (ER) oxycodone in the United States.[1][1]–[3][2] In addition, Drug Abuse Warning Network reports noted a 108% increase in the number of possible oxycodone-associated emergency department visits
Vaginal delivery after cloacal malformation repair

Background Patients with cloacal malformations at birth usually require multiple surgical procedures to correct their anatomic defects. Those who conceive after repairs invariably have had cesarean deliveries on the assumption that vaginal delivery would be difficult and/or dangerous. However, because they usually have undergone multiple previous abdominal procedures, cesarean delivery also may carry greater risks than in the general population. Case A 27-year-old nulligravida was delivered vaginally at 34 1/2 weeks' gestation, with a good maternal and neonatal outcome. Conclusion Judiciously treated, pregnant patients with previously repaired cloacal malformations may be candidates for vaginal delivery.
Azimuthal temperature modulations of Saturn’s A ring caused by self-gravity wakes

Abstract The physical temperatures of the Saturn’s A ring measured by the Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) show quadrupole azimuthal modulations besides temperature drops in Saturn’s shadow. These azimuthal modulations are likely to be caused by self-gravity wakes. In this paper, we develop a new thermal model in which wakes are modeled as elliptical cylinders ignoring inter-wake particles. All the heat fluxes are calculated explicitly taking into account inter-wake shadowing and heating. We apply our model to azimuthal scans of the A ring obtained by CIRS. It is found that the azimuthal modulation of the ring temperature is primarily caused by the azimuthal variation of the geometric filling factor of the ring seen from the Sun. The thermal inertia estimated from the eclipse data (data only inside and near Saturn’s shadow) of the low phase scans is ∼10 J m −2 K −1 s −1/2 . With this value of the thermal inertia, the amplitude of the azimuthal temperature modulation is overestimated in our model as compared with those observed. This is likely to be because our model ignores inter-wake particles. The bolometric reflectance of wakes is estimated to be 0.35–0.40 although lower values are required to reproduce temperatures at low solar phase angles. This apparent phase dependence of the reflectance indicates that roughness on the wake surfaces is necessary.
Limited utility of interatrial block in predicting ischemia on coronary angiography in patients with suboptimal exercise performance

Abstract Introduction Interatrial block (P waves ≥110 ms) is thought to be associated with underlying myocardial ischemia during exercise but has not been extensively investigated in patients with suboptimal or borderline exercise tolerance tests ( Methods We prospectively identified 51 consecutive patients with interatrial block who had coronary artery disease and hypertension but not atrioventricular valvular heart disease, and had undergone coronary angiography to evaluate myocardial ischemia after a suboptimal exercise tolerance test. A control group of 64 consecutive exercise tolerance test patients with similar preliminary characteristics but without interatrial block at rest was used for comparison. Patients from both groups were then appraised for significant obstructive lesions (>70%) on coronary angiography that were suggestive of myocardial ischemia. Results Obstructive coronary artery lesions suggestive of myocardial ischemia were more frequent among interatrial block patients but this was not statistically significant ( p =0.25). However, change in P-wave duration of >20 ms occurred more frequently in interatrial block patients in the presence of a positive exercise tolerance test. Among patients without interatrial block at baseline, more patients who developed new interatrial block had significant disease on coronary angiography. Conclusion The utility of using interatrial block toward predicting myocardial ischemia among patients with suboptimal exercise tolerance tests is limited. However, further investigation on the early change in P-wave duration in patients with interatrial block and the development of new interatrial block during exercise could be helpful in optimizing exercise tolerance tests, particularly when borderline or suboptimal.
Immediate post-shock chest compressions improve outcome from prolonged ventricular fibrillation.

Summary Aim This study was designed to test the hypothesis that immediate post-shock chest compressions improve outcome from prolonged ventricular fibrillation (VF) compared with typical "hands off" period (i.e., delayed post-shock compressions) associated with AED use. Materials and methods After 7.5min of untreated VF, 36 domestic swine (26±1kg) were treated with 200J biphasic shocks and randomly assigned to: (1) 1min of immediate post-shock chest compressions or (2) simulated pre-hospital automated external defibrillator (AED) care with delays in post-shock chest compressions. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) occurred in 7/18 immediate chest compressions animals within 2min of the first shock versus 0/18 AED animals ( P P P P =0.001), and 48-h survival was attained in 8/10 versus 3/11, respectively ( P Conclusions Immediate post-shock chest compressions can substantially improve outcome from prolonged VF compared with simulated pre-hospital AED care.
Residues of PCB's and DDT in the western Lake Superior ecosystem.

Fish from western Lake Superior (1972–73) contained DDT and PCB residues at concentrations greater than 0.1 ppm. The most predominant PCB's were those containing 3 to 6 chlorine atoms per molecule, and GLC data indicated that the mixtures were most like the commercial product Aroclor® 1254. Other chlorinated contaminants identified by GC/MS analyses and occurring at concentrations less than 0.1 ppm were hexachlorobenzene (C6Cl6), chlordane, nonaclor, and dieldrin. Lindane, which has been previously reported in Lake Superior, was below the detection limit of approximately 0.01 ppm. The relationship between the size of lake trout and the concentration of total DDT in the fish was compared to measurements reported in previous studies. The comparison suggests that DDT residues have declined since 1968. The concentration of PCBs was estimated to be 0.8 ng/L in Lake Superior water and 0.1 ppm in large zooplankton. The apparent bioconcentration factor for PCBs in Lake Superior fish ranged from 105 to 106. The concentration of total DDT and PCBs in the larger Lake Superior fish exceeded the 5 ppm tolerance level established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for these chemicals in fish to be used for human consumption.
Vaginal sacrospinous ligament fixation with the Autosuture Endostitch device

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate a disposable suturing device to facilitate vaginal sacrospinous ligament fixation. STUDY DESIGN: Seventeen consecutive patients (mean age 66.3 years) requiring vaginal sacrospinous ligament fixation had the procedure performed with the Autosuture Endostitch device with a braided polyester suture. Patients were evaluated with respect to operative time, blood loss, complications, hospital stay, and success of the vaginal fixation. RESULTS: All patients underwent additional procedures, including anterior colporrhaphy (82.4%), posterior colporrhaphy (100%), vaginal hysterectomy (5.9%), enterocele repair (76.4%), and Burch suprapubic urethropexy (5.9%). The time required for the sacrospinous ligament plication ranged between 14 and 25 minutes (mean 18.8 ± 3.0 minutes). Fifteen patients (88.2%) had an estimated blood loss ≤100 ml for the complete procedure. No complications occurred. No patient was hospitalized >4 days. Patients were followed up between 2 and 18 months (mean 9.8 ± 4.2 months). Fifteen patients (88.2%) maintained good vaginal vault support. Two patients (11.8%) had recurrence at 4 and 6 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Autosuture Endostitch device, although designed for endoscopic surgery, is efficacious for the performance of sacrospinous ligament fixation of the vaginal vault. Decreasing the length of the instrument would make it even more practical. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;176:1358-62.)
A disposable end-tidal CO2 detector to verify endotracheal intubation.

Study objective: We compared the performance of the Fenem FEF™ end-tidal CO 2 detector with the TRIMED capnometer to verify endotracheal intubation. Design: The FEF™ indicates the presence of CO 2 by the color change of a chemically treated indicator; the TRIMED uses infrared technology. Both devices were used during 60 intubations. Setting: Intubations during in-hospital emergency situations outside of the operating room were studied. Type of participants: Adult patients undergoing intubation for respiratory failure, CPR, and other airway protection situations were enrolled in the study. Interventions: The TRIMED monitor and FEF™ detector were placed in series between the manual resuscitator and the patient's endotracheal tube adapter after endotracheal tube placement. Measurements and main results: We defined the acceptable criterion for detection of CO 2 as production of a positive signal within six manual resuscitator bag breaths. The TRIMED met this criterion in 58 of 60 patients (sensitivity, 0.97) and the FEF™ met this criterion in 59 of 60 patients (sensitivity, 0.98). A paired t test showed no statistically significant difference in performance between the two devices. In five of nine cases of intubation during CPR, the color change of the FEF™ was described as "subtle." In one CPR case, a positive signal was not obtained by either device. Conclusion: We conclude that the performance of the FEF™ CO 2 detector is equal to that of the TRIMED monitor for verification of endotracheal intubation in nonCPR situations. Interpretation of FEF™ color changes during CPR should be approached with caution until further studies using the FEF™ during CPR are completed.