cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of etorphine on nicotine- and muscarine-induced catecholamine secretion from perfused rat adrenal glands

The effect of etorphine on nicotine and muscarine-mediated catecholamine (CA) release from isolated perfused rat adrenal glands was investigated. Nicotine increased CA secretion at the low concentration of 0.5 micrograms while higher concentrations of muscarine (5 micrograms) were required. Moreover, muscarine released primarily epinephrine (EP) from rat adrenal glands while nicotine released norepinephrine (NE) and Ep. Etorphine inhibited NE and EP release evoked by nicotine to the same extent, whereas, muscarine-mediated release of NE and EP was not affected. Mecamylamine and verapamil inhibited nicotine but not muscarine-induced CA secretion. Our results suggest that etorphine preferentially interacts with nicotinic receptors on rat adrenal chromaffin cell membranes.
The pharmacological importance of cytochrome CYP3A4 in the palliation of symptoms: review and recommendations for avoiding adverse drug interactions.

Background Adverse drug interactions are major causes of morbidity, hospitalizations, and mortality. The greatest risk of drug interactions occurs through in the cytochrome system. CYP3A4, the most prevalent cytochrome, accounts for 30–50% of drugs metabolized through type I enzymes.
Equilibrium in Economies with Financial Markets: Uniqueness of Expectations and Indeterminacy*

Abstract We consider two-period, pure exchange economies with uncertainty and complete or incomplete asset markets. Assets are nominal. If the number of agents and of period-zero commodities is large enough, there is a dense, residual set of economies (parametrized by utility functions) such that, for each pair of distinct financial equilibria, spot zero equilibrium prices are different. Agents, observing first-period equilibrium prices, can formulate exact forecasts on future equilibrium prices, notwithstanding the real indeterminacy of the set of financial equilibria. If the asset market is complete, the result is true for an open and dense set of economies.Journal of Economic Literatureclassification numbers: D52, D80.
Photolysis of cellulose in a vacuum with 2537 A. Light

Cotton sliver, cotton linters, periodate-chlorite-oxidized cellulose, and several regenerated celluloses were photolyzed by 2537 A. ultraviolet light in a vacuum at 40°C. The changes in quantum yields of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, aldehyde groups, carboxyl groups, and chain scissions with respect to quanta of light absorbed and initial functional group concentration indicated that photolysis of alcohol groups plays a dominant role in the complex of interdependent primary and secondary reactions taking place. Periodate-chlorite-oxidized cellulose is much more suceptible to photochemical degradation than is unoxidized cellulose. Neutralization with very dilute sodium hydroxide solution reduced the quantum yields of the oxycellulose to values similar to those obtained with the unoxidized material.
The use of semiconductors in thermoelectric refrigeration

In the past the possibility of thermoelectric refrigeration has been considered, but all attempts to produce a practical refrigerator have failed owing to lack of suitable thermocouple materials. In this paper it is proposed that semiconductors should be used and the factors governing their selection are discussed. It is concluded that the semiconductors should be chosen with high mean atomic weights and that they should be prepared with thermoelectric powers lying between 200 and 300 μVC-1. Preliminary experiments have led to the production of a thermocouple consisting of bismuth telluride, Bi2Te3, and bismuth, capable of maintaining 26 C of cooling.
Differential DNA repair in transcriptionally active and inactive proto-oncogenes: c-abl and c-mos

Abstract DNA repair was examined in the c- abl and c- mos proto-oncogenes in UV-irradiated mouse 3T3 fibroblasts using an optimized assay for measuring pyrimidine dimers in single-copy nucleotide sequences. We found similar initial dimer frequencies in the two genes. Within 24 hr, 85% of the dimers were removed from the 20 kb intragenic BamHI restriction fragment of the expressed c- abl gene, while only 22% of the dimers were removed from the 15 kb EcoRI fragment that spans the transcriptionally inactive c- mos locus. Quiescent and actively growing cells showed similar relative efficiencies of repair in the two regions. This is the first demonstration of differential DNA repair in two different genes. These findings have important implications for the mechanisms of proto-oncogene activation.
Single-Molecule Long-Read 16S Sequencing To Characterize the Lung Microbiome from Mechanically Ventilated Patients with Suspected Pneumonia

In critically ill patients, the development of pneumonia results in significant morbidity and mortality and additional health care costs. The accurate and rapid identification of the microbial pathogens in patients with pulmonary infections might lead to targeted antimicrobial therapy with potentially fewer adverse effects and lower costs. Major advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) allow culture-independent identification of pathogens. The present study used NGS of essentially full-length PCR-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA from the bronchial aspirates of intubated patients with suspected pneumonia. The results from 61 patients demonstrated that sufficient DNA was obtained from 72% of samples, 44% of which (27 samples) yielded PCR amplimers suitable for NGS. Out of the 27 sequenced samples, only 20 had bacterial culture growth, while the microbiological and NGS identification of bacteria coincided in 17 (85%) of these samples. Despite the lack of bacterial growth in 7 samples that yielded amplimers and were sequenced, the NGS identified a number of bacterial species in these samples. Overall, a significant diversity of bacterial species was identified from the same genus as the predominant cultured pathogens. The numbers of NGS-identifiable bacterial genera were consistently higher than identified by standard microbiological methods. As technical advances reduce the processing and sequencing times, NGS-based methods will ultimately be able to provide clinicians with rapid, precise, culture-independent identification of bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens and their antimicrobial sensitivity profiles.
The Effect of Cilofungin (LY 121019) in Combination with Amphotericin B or Flucytosine Against Candida Species: Die Wirkung von Cilofungin (LY 121019) in Kombination mit Amphotericin B oder Flucytosin auf Candida-Arten

Summary: Cilofungin was combined with amphotericin B or flucytosine to determine if synergistic inhibition or killing occurred against 50 strains of various Candida species. Synergistic inhibition of growth occurred only once with amphotericin B and cilofungin and only 2 times with flucytosine and cilofungin. Synergistic killing occurred in 5 strains with the amphotericin B-cilofungin combination and in 7 strains with the flucytosine-cilo-fungin combination. Antagonism occurred frequently with both the amphotericin B-cilofungin and the flucytosine-cilofungin combinations. Zusammenfassung: Cilofungin wurde mit Amphotericin B oder Flucytosin kombi-niert, um eine etwaige synergistische Wachstumshemmung oder Inaktivierung von 50 Stammen unterschiedlicher Candi-da-Arten zu untersuchen. Eine synergisti sche Wachstumshemmung wurde nur ein-mal mit Amphotericin B und Cilofungin und zweimal rnit Flucytosin und Cilofungin beobachtet. Eine synergistische Abtotung trat an 5 Stammen mit der Amphotericin B-Cilofungin- und an 7 Stammen mit der Flucytosin-Cilofungin-Kombination auf. Haufiger wurden bei beiden Kombinatio-nen Antagonismen gefunden.
Flexibility and variability: Essential to human cognition and the study of human cognition

Abstract Traditional theories of cognition concentrate on the problem of stability, how it is that people perform the same cognitive act over and over despite different task pressures and varying circumstances. We suggest a different approach that focuses on the flexible and the inventive. From a dynamic systems perspective, intelligence is the adaptive flexibility that integrates the stability of past experience with the idiosyncrasies of the moment. In this paper we demonstrate the value of this perspective in the context of children's novel noun generalizations. We describe D-ALA, a dynamic systems model that embodies the principles of the account and use this model to explain the findings of three different experiments that show how young children flexibly and smartly adapt to novel circumstances in the task of learning new words.
Hydraulic conductivity of concentric root tissues of Agave deserti Engelm. under wet and drying conditions

summary Water moves from the root surface to the root xylem through a series of tissues, each with properties that influence the root radial hydraulic conductivity (LR). To determine LR for intact roots, root hydraulic conductivity (LR) and axial (xylem) conductance (Kh) were measured for root segments of the desert succulent Agave deserti Engelm. As layers were successively removed, LR was calculated for each layer by considering the conductivities in series. For the distal root region, no single tissue limited LR under wet conditions, although the suberized exodermis and sclerenchyma/endodermis were more limiting per cross-sectional area of the root than were the cortex and stele. At midroot under wet conditions, LR for the cortex was higher than in the distal region, and cortical cells were dead. After 28 d in drying soil, LR for the suberized layers decreased by over 70% and thereby became more limiting to LR of the intact segment, consistent with increases in extracted lipids in these layers. During drying, intercellular lacunae formed in the cortex due to cellular collapse, and cortical LR decreased. After 7 d of re-wetting following drying, LR increased for all tissues, but not to its value under wet conditions, reflecting persisting losses in conductivity, especially in the suberized layers. Thus, new apical growth and the development of new laterals are necessary for the complete restoration of root system conductivity. Within 20 mm of the root tip, substantial uptake of the apoplastic tracer 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulphonic acid (PTS) occurred, although the exodermis restricted PTS uptake further than 20 mm back from the root tip under wet conditions and all along the root after drying. When the exodermis was removed, PTS moved freely through the cortex in both distal and midroot regions, further suggesting that the cortical apoplast is a significant pathway for radial water flow.
Immobilization of Bacillus subtilis macrofibers by entanglement

Abstract The growth dynamics and structure of Bacillus subtilis macrofibers have been exploited to develop a new strategy for the immobilization of bacterial cells. The helical turning and folding motions associated with macrofiber growth enabled macrofibers to become entwined about a support material of appropriate dimensions and surface texture. When grown in the presence of suitable support material, the macrofibers formed an encrustment that, starting from numerous foci, spread progressively until the entire surface was covered with fibers. Factors that influence the colonization of the support discussed in this paper include (1) the dimensions, geometry, and surface texture of the support itself; (2) the genetic constitution and amount of the inoculum; and (3) the composition of the culture medium used to establish the macrofiber-substrate interaction.
Bone morphogenetic protein-7 selectively enhances mechanically induced bone formation.

The responses of bone cells to skeletal loading are clearly an important factor in bone biology, but much remains to be learned about the role of these responses in skeletal development, maintenance, and tissue repair. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are key regulators of bone formation. We examined the effect of BMP-7 on periosteal and endosteal bone formation in response to increased mechanical loading using the rat tibial bending model. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of six rats each. Three groups received four point bending loading at 60 N force; the fourth group received sham loading at the same force. The right tibia received 36 cycles of loading on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for 2 weeks; the left tibia served as a nonloaded control. Just prior to loading, the three loaded groups were injected intraperitoneally with vehicle only or 10 μg/kg or 100 μg/kg of recombinant human BMP-7. Half the sham group received vehicle, and half were given 100 μg/kg of BMP-7. Bone forming surfaces were labeled twice in vivo with calcein, and histomorphometry was performed to quantify periosteal and endosteal bone formation in the loaded and control tibiae. BMP-7 had no effect on periosteal or endosteal bone formation in control or sham-loaded tibiae. Loading produced significantly more woven bone on the periosteal surface than sham loading, but BMP-7 treatment had no effect on this response. Endosteal bone formation was entirely lamellar, and loading (but not sham loading) increased the endosteal mineral apposition and bone formation rates. The higher BMP-7 dose more than doubled the load-induced increase in endosteal lamellar bone formation rate, primarily by increasing the amount of bone forming surface.
Expanded endonasal approach: a fully endoscopic completely transnasal resection of a skull base arteriovenous malformation.

Vascular lesions with an intraosseus nidus involving the skull base are uncommon and challenging [Gianoli GJ, Amedee RG Vascular malformation of the sphenoid sinus. Ear Nose Throat J. 70:373–375;(1991), Malik GM, Mahmood A, Mehta BA Dural arteriovenous malformation of the skull base with intraosseous vascular nidus. Report of two cases. J. Neurosurg 81:620–623;(1994)]. We present a pediatric patient, with a life-threatening arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the sphenoid sinus, clivus, and ventral skull base, who failed routine multimodality management of AVMs. An entirely transsphenoidal fully endoscopic resection was used to resect this ventral cranial base AVM with an intraosseus nidus located in the clivus. A 4-year-old female presented with recurrent, life-threatening hemorrhages from a clival and ventral skull base AVM of the entire clivus and ventral skull base. The patient had been temporized from the age of 2–4 years with multiple internal and external carotid arterial particulate and alcohol embolizations, including both external and internal carotid artery embolizations, intracranial ligation of the right internal carotid artery, and gamma knife irradiation. Despite these multiple interventions, the patient had persistent, life-threatening hemorrhages from arterial recanalization and recruitment requiring intubation, tracheostomy, and nasopharyngeal packing. The patient underwent a three-stage surgical intervention to resect the AVM. An open subfrontal approach, as the first procedure, provided minimal access to the feeding vessels and was therefore aborted. A two-stage image-guided fully endoscopic approach via a sublabial midface approach without external incisions was performed. Postoperative angiography revealed minimal residual shunting in the pharynx and cavernous sinus. The patient has been free of significant hemorrhages over the past three years. Technological advances in endoscopic surgery and image guidance are now allowing for purely endoscopic surgical treatment of previously unresectable lesions with acceptable morbidity. We report the successful and safe resection of a ventral cranial base AVM via a fully endoscopic approach. This paper reports the first AVM with a purely intraosseus nidus of the ventral skull base and demonstrates the ability to deal with complex ventral skull base lesions using a fully endoscopic transsphenoidal technique.
Recombinant DNA analysis indicates that the multiple chromosomes of maize mitochondria contain different sequences.

Twenty-eight Bam H 1 restriction fragments were isolated from normal mitochondrial DNA of maize by recombinant DNA techniques to investigate the organization of the mitochondrial genome. Each cloned fragment was tested by molecular hybridization against a Bam digest of total mitochondrial DNA. Using Southern transfers, we identified the normal fragment of origin for d each clone. Twenty-three of the tested clones hybridized only to the fragment from which the clone was derived. In five cases, labeling of an additional band indicated some sequence repetition in the mitochondrial genome. Four clones from normal mitochondrial DNA were found which share sequences with the plasmid-like DNAs, S-1 and S-2, found in S male sterile cytoplasm. The total sequence complexity of the clones tested is 121×106 d (daltons), which approximates two thirds of the total mitochondrial genome (estimated at 183×106 d). Most fragments do not share homology with other fragments, and the total length of unique fragments exceeds that of the largest circular molecules observed. Therefore, the different size classes of circular molecules most likely represent genetically discrete chromosomes in a complex organelle genome. The variable abundance of different mitochondrial chromosomes is of special interest because it represents an unusual mechanism for the control of gene expression by regulation of gene copy number. This mechanism may play an important role in metabolism or biogenesis of mitochondria in the development of higher plants.
Parallel collocation solution of index-1 BVP-DAEs arising from constrained optimal control problems

The indirect solution of constrained optimal control problems gives rise to two-point boundary value problems (BVPs) that involve index-1 differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) and inequality constraints. This paper presents a parallel collocation algorithm for the solution of these inequality constrained index-1 BVP-DAEs. The numerical algorithm is based on approximating the DAEs using piecewise polynomials on a nonuniform mesh. The collocation method is realized by requiring that the BVP-DAE be satisfied at Lobatto points within each interval of the mesh. A Newton interior-point method is used to solve the collocation equations, and maintain feasibility of the inequality constraints. The implementation of the algorithm involves: (i) parallel evaluation of the collocation equations; (ii) parallel evaluation of the system Jacobian; and (iii) parallel solution of a boarded almost block diagonal (BABD) system to obtain the Newton search direction. Numerical examples show that the parallel implementation provides significant speedup when compared to a sequential version of the algorithm.
Transgenic rabbit models for the study of atherosclerosis.

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Rabbit models for the study of lipid metabolism 4. Rabbit breeding 5. Generating transgenic rabbits 6. Hepatic lipase transgenic rabbits 7. Apolipoprotein E transgenic rabbits 8. Apolipoprotein B transgenic rabbits 9. Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing protein (APOBEC-1) transgenic rabbits 10. Apolipoprotein A-I transgenic rabbits 11. Lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) transgenic rabbits 12. Conclusion 13. Acknowledgment 14. References
Two Heideggerian Analyses

The philosophical world would be a sorry one without its “international vocabulary,” which is heavily dependent upon Greek and Latin loan words. Some of these words have a very long history. Boethius put such words as form, nature, substance, etc., into the history of philosophy.1 Other words like idea, physics, metaphysics, etc., came directly from the Greek. Husserl’s eidos is the restitution of the primary form of the word, idea. And of course, “synthesis” and “analysis” are also loan words direct from the Greek. The word, analysis, conjures up the vision of the studious chemist, the music theorist, the news commentator, and even the philosopher. But in philosophy there can be any number of approaches to analysis.
Experimental Consequences of a Minimal Messenger Model for Supersymmetry Breaking

We calculate the low-lying spectrum of new particles expected in a minimal model wherein supersymmetry breaking at $\ensuremath{\lesssim}100\mathrm{TeV}$ is indirectly transmitted to the standard model. We calculate the couplings of these particles relevant to their most nearly accessible experimental signatures, and estimate those signatures quantitatively. Running of various couplings plays a crucial role in the phenomenology, specifically in generating an adequate ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{N}}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}}_{R}$ splitting.
DNA polymerase photoprobe 2-[(4-azidophenacyl)thio]-2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate labels an escherichia coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment substrate binding site

The nucleotide photoprobe 2-[(4-azidophenacyl)thio]-2‘-deoxyadenosine 5‘-triphosphate (1) was evaluated as a photoaffinity label of the DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment. Photolabel [3H]-1 covalently labeled the Klenow fragment with photolysis at 300 nm, reaching saturation at an approximate 1:1 mole ratio at 5.7 μM and with an EC50 (the effective concentration at 50% maximum photoincorporation) of about 0.74 μM. Saturating concentrations of poly(dA)·(T)10 protect the Klenow fragment from [3H]-1 photoincorporation, and TTP at a concentration approximately equal to its KD for the free enzyme form shifts the dose−response curve for photoincorporation of [3H]-1 into the Klenow fragment by a factor of 2, indicating a competitive relationship between TTP and 1. Additionally, the photoincorporation of [3H]-1 into the Klenow fragment has an absolute requirement for magnesium, with no significant photoincorporation observed at concentrations of 1 up to 10 μM in the absence of magnesium. These results demonstrate t...
High prevalence of positive antibodies to Legionella pneumophila among outpatients.

A serologic survey of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 through 6 was performed to assess the prevalence of positive antibody titers among outpatients and to evaluate the association between elevated antibody titers and previously identified risk factors for legionellosis. Subjects were recruited from outpatient clinics at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center. Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire which asked about their general health and any recent symptoms of illness. Medical records were also audited for all participants to provide additional information on medical history and known risk factors for Legionella infection. Single samples of serum were obtained from each subject, and antibody titers to L pneumophila serogroups 1 through 6 were assayed. Three hundred ninety-six subjects were enrolled in the study. They had a mean age of 67 years, and 98 percent were male subjects. Overall, 36 percent of the subjects had positive antibody titers (≥1:128) to L pneumophila. There were no differences between those with and without elevated titers with respect to recent systemic symptoms or other previously established risk factors for legkmellosis. We conclude that positive anti-Legionella antibodies are a frequent occurrence among these outpatients. This has important implications for the interpretation of single or static antibody titers from patients who are acutely ill. (Chest 1991; 100:663-66)
A simulation analysis of the impact of FAHP-MAUT triage algorithm on the Emergency Department performance measures

Emergency Department (ED) crowding is a major problem in the U.S. like in many other countries world-wide. This problem is adversely affecting the safety of the patients who rely on receiving a timely treatment in EDs. As a part of solving this problem, a triage process is utilized. Triage is a pre-hospital process by which patients are sorted according to the severity of their illnesses or injuries. Improvements to this process would affect the patient flow positively, and in turn would enhance patient satisfaction and quality of care. In a previous study, we developed a triage algorithm that uses Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) to rank the patients according to their characteristics: chief complaint, age, gender, pain level, and vital signs. The main purpose of this study is to compare two triage systems using Discrete Event Simulation (DES); one system uses the typical Emergency Severity Index (ESI), and the other uses the FAHP and MAUT algorithm. Overall, there was no strong statistical evidence that either system would do better than the other for all the performance measures when the average is taken across all ESI levels. On the other hand, the collected simulated data by each ESI level showed that the FAHP-MAUT algorithm tends to balance the time-to-bed (TTB) and length of stay (LOS) for ESI levels 2-5. In terms of the percentage of tardy patients, FAHP-MAUT system significantly outperforms the ESI system for ESI levels 4 and 5; 34% vs. 61% and 25% vs. 70%, respectively. Both systems were performing about equally for ESI level 1 and level 3 patients; 25% vs. 26% and 64% vs. 67%, respectively. While ESI system slightly outperforms FAHP-MAUT system for ESI level 2 patients, 56% vs. 66%. Based on these results, we recommend using FAHP-MAUT not only because it performs better in terms of minimizing the number of patients with longer than the allotted upper limits of wait times, but also it reduces potential bias and errors in decision making in clinical settings; and thus, it can be used as the basis of an expert system to advise triage nurses.
The segregation of phosphorus to the free surface of a ferritic iron alloy at 723 to 823 K

The isothermal segregation of phosphorus to the free surface of an annealed polycrystalline Fe-Ni-Cr-C alloy, containing 0.06 wt pct P, has been studied by Auger electron spectroscopy between 723 and 823 K using anin situ heating technique. It is found that after high temperature argon-ion bombardment the kinetics of isothermal segregation are consistent with bulk (lattice) diffusion of phosphorus as the rate determining mechanism. An approximate value for the adsorption isotherm constant is deduced to be 8×102 per wt pct by a limited analysis of the kinetic data in terms of linear bulk diffusion with a boundary condition given by an ideal adsorption isotherm.
Quantitative Sensory Findings in Patients With Bortezomib-Induced Pain

Abstract Bortezomib (PS-341) is a newly developed proteosome inhibitor that shows extremely promising antineoplastic effects against a variety of neoplasias. Neuropathic pain is emerging as a major complication of bortezomib. Although clinical reports have appeared in the literature describing the general symptoms of bortezomib chemoneuropathy, specific quantitative sensory data that detail the sensory deficits that might yield insight to the primary afferent dysfunction contributing to this pain is lacking. In this report, it is shown that patients with bortezomib-induced neuropathic pain have significantly elevated touch detection threshold and slotted peg board time, impaired sharpness detection, and elevated thresholds for the detection of skin warming and heat pain. Patients also had increased reports of cold pain. These data indicate that bortezomib-induced neuropathy is associated with deficits in Aβ, Aδ, and C caliber primary afferent fibers. Perspective This work demonstrates that pain induced by the chemotherapy drug bortezomib is accompanied by dysfunction in all fiber types in sensory nerves. Impaired Aβ and C sensory function also extends into areas of skin that are not perceived as affected by pain.
Fractured Federalism: Nigeria's Lessons for Today's Nation Builders in Iraq

Nigeria's April 2003 elections were a watershed for its democracy, with an outcome that broadly reflected the electorate's wishes and for the first time in the country's history was neither followed (nor interrupted) by a coup. But the elections have made it more difficult for President Olusegun Obasanjo to govern, with heightened ethnic and religious tensions, increased violence and mounting regionalism. Nigeria's tribulations should serve as a stark warning as the USA and its partners embark on nation building in Iraq, where a federal structure has been suggested as critical to rebuilding the country.
A new probe of ULVZ S‐wave velocity structure: Array stacking of ScS waveforms

[1] S-wave velocity reductions in thin layers above the core-mantle boundary (CMB) are resolved by modeling precursors to the tangential-components of core-reflected ScS phases. Unlike most phases used to study ultra-low velocity zone (ULVZ) structure, ScS provides direct sensitivity to shear velocity structure, VS. Recordings of deep earthquakes in the Tonga-Fiji and South American subduction zones at broadband seismic networks in western North America are used to map small-scale ULVZ variability. A two-layer low-VS structure exists under the central Pacific: an abrupt 0.8–2.0% decrease 60–86 km above the CMB is underlain by a 24–30 km thick ULVZ layer having reductions of 3.3–7.4% (with respect to PREM). No corresponding velocity reductions are found under the Cocos plate. The structure above the ULVZ may be associated with reverse transformation of post-perovskite to perovskite in a steep thermal gradient in a boundary layer above the CMB.
Inhibition of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine-induced supersensitivity to 5-hydroxytryptophan in mice by treatment with cycloheximide.

Abstract Intracisternal injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) following treatment with desmethylimipramine induced development of behavioral supersensitivity to the intraperitoneally administered serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in the mouse. This behavioral syndrome, characterized by tremor and muscle twitches (myoclonus), showed a clear dose-response relationship with 5,7-DHT as well as with 5-HTP. Mice lesioned with a low dose of 5,7-DHT (20 μg) or a placebo were treated repeatedly with a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (45 mg/kg, s.c., every 12 h for up to 10 days). This treatment resulted in a reversible decrease of cerebral protein synthesis varying between 70 and 20% with time between treatments. The myoclonic response to 5-HTP in animals pretreated with 5,7-DHT and by cycloheximide showed a decrease in intensity within 24 h when evaluated quantitatively by an electronic activity monitor, the results of which were confirmed by direct observation. Cycloheximide also exerted a similar, though smaller, effect following full development of sensitivity to 5-HTP over 10 days. These effects may be mediated by inhibition of rapidly turning over serotonin receptor proteins, although their interpretation is somewhat obscured by possible toxic effects of cycloheximide.
The Cu_A Center of a Soluble Domain from Thermus Cytochrome ba_3. An NMR Investigation of the Paramagnetic Protein

The Cu_A center in subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme of aerobic respiration, transfers electrons from cytochrome c to the proton-pumping machinery in subunit I. The unique electronic absorption and EPR spectra of Cu_A exclude it from classification with the well-studied biological copper centers. High-resolution X-ray structures of Cu_A-containing proteins reveal two copper atoms approximately 2.5 A apart, bridged by two cysteine sulfurs. Each Cu has a terminal histidine ligand and a weak ligand, methionine for one and a main chain carbonyl for the other. These structures are consistent with earlier EPR measurements and theoretical calculations, which predicted a highly delocalized mixed-valence [Cu(II),Cu(I)] Cu_A site. Here we report ^1H NMR measurements at 600 MHz on a soluble Cu_A domain from Thermus thermophilus cytochrome ba_3.
Measuring the “personal vote” of members of Congress

This paper uses a pooled time series/cross sectional research design to measure the “personal vote” of three groups of members of Congress. The personal vote is defined here as that part of a candidate's vote share that is unique to him or her. It is measured using a legislator-specific intercept for each legislator in an equation predicting vote share. The other variables in the equation account for the effects of the election year environment and the tenure of the representative. Three cohorts of representatives are analyzed: 1) those whose careers ended before 1966, 2) those whose careers began after 1965, and 3) those whose careers began before 1966 but ended after. The mean legislator-specific intercept is nearly twice as large for the first group as for the second; it is 29 percentage points larger for the first than the third. A second stage regression explains these intercepts using legislator characteristics, party affiliation, region of origin, and number of terms served. The term effects increase at an increasing rate as tenure increases for all those whose careers end after 1966. Personal vote accumulates nearly twice as fast for those first elected after 1965 as for those first elected before 1966.
Prenatal diagnosis of fragile X syndrome: results from parallel molecular and cytogenetic studies.

Since 1985, we have provided coordinated DNA-based and cytogenetic prenatal analysis for couples at risk for offspring afflicted with the fragile X [fra(X)] syndrome. To date, 40 pregnancies have been studied (22 males, 18 females). There were 5 males and 3 females identified to be at high risk by DNA but only 2 males and one female were demonstrated to be cytogenetically expressing the fra(X) prenatally. Of the other 3 males, one was a cytogenetic false negative (i.e. confirmed fra(X)+ at termination of pregnancy). The other 2 remain fra(X)- and are developing normally (undetected recombinants or non-penetrant male carriers). All fetuses at low risk were carried to term and are reported to be normal.
Exploring the Author Affiliation Index

The Author Affiliation Index (AAI) for ranking a set of academic journals was first presented by Gorman and Kanet (Manuf Serv Oper Manag 7:3---19, 2005). Since that time, it has become a popular method for assessing journal quality in a myriad of academic disciplines. However, a recent paper published by Agrawal et al. (Prod Oper Manag 20:280---300, 2011) pointed out several potential problems with the AAI. In this paper, we present a modified AAI that incorporates several improvements to the original AAI and addresses the three concerns expressed by Agrawal. The modified AAI allows for international institutions, introduces a weighting factor to allow for a greatly expanded set of prestigious institutions, considers the entire population of articles published in a journal during a specified time period, and utilizes a batch means approach to data collection to allow for proper statistical inference. We illustrate the modified AAI using a set of ten well-known journals that publish Operations Research and Operations Management research. The primary intent of this paper, however, is not to rank these ten journals; rather these ten journals are simply used to illustrate the use of the newly developed modified AAI.
Community structure of fishes attracted to shallow water fish aggregation devices off South Carolina, U.S.A.

Twenty-two fish aggregation devices were deployed in 14 m of water off South Carolina. Species composition and abundance were determined by diver visual census on eight occasions from May through November, 1985. A total of 21 families and 36 species of fishes was observed at 121 stations. Pelagic fishes dominated the fauna with a 99.3% relative abundance, and Decapterus punctatus accounted for 97.6% of the individuals. Caranx crysos, Diplectrum formosum, Decapterus punctatus, Centropristis striata and Monacanthus hispidus were the most frequent species. Total fish abundance, number of species and abundance of four of the six most common species were significantly affected by season. Hurricane activity may have caused a significant drop in pelagic fish abundance at the FADs in July. No significant correlations among species abundances were found after removal of season and FAD type effects. Spatial zonation and seasonal occurrence patterns suggest some competition among pelagic fishes. Several factors that regulate FAD faunal abundance and composition are hypothesized, including: juvenile fish availability, availability of shelter, availability of adequate food resources, interspecific and intraspecific competition, severe sea conditions, and sporadic intrusions of large predatory fishes. It is hypothesized that the abundances of benthic and pelagic FAD fishes are correlated and that there is a direct or indirect energetic link between shallow water pelagic and benthic fish assemblages near FADs.
High voltage immunoelectron microscopy of complement receptor type 3-mediated capping and internalization of group A streptococcal cell walls by human neutrophils.

The mechanism of human neutrophil clearance of peptidoglycan group A–specific polysaccharide polymers derived from streptococcal cell walls (PG-APS) was investigated by high voltage immunoelectron microscopy (HVEM) in order to determine how neutrophils process this highly inflammatory bacterial debris. Neutrophil monolayers were incubated from 5–30 min with serum-opsonized PG-APS. Cells were lightly fixed with 0.5% glutaraldehyde, and the PG-APS was localized on the neutrophil surface by immunogold using antibodies to N-acetyl-glucosamine and 15 nm colloidal gold coupled to goat anti-rabbit IgG. Neutrophils were viewed unsectioned by stereo HVEM. Patches of PG-APS were distributed randomly on the plasmalemma of well-spread neutrophils within 5 min. In polarized cells, PG-APS was densely localized on the uropod and retraction fibers. Within 15 min, PG-APS was predominantly concentrated into a large aggregate, measuring approximately 1 μm in diameter, near the cell margin or nucleus. The aggregate of PG-APS was engulfed in the vicinity of the indentation of the nucleus (hof). Intact microfilaments were required for aggregation and internalization of PG-APS. Binding of PG-APS was dependent upon complement fixation. Furthermore, PG-APS elicited an increase in density of complement receptor type 3 (CR3, C3bi receptor) on the neutrophil surface as determined by morphometry of immunogold labeled anti-CR3. When cells were stained for both PG-APS and CR3, co-localization was observed, and stereomicroscopy revealed clusters of CR3 in areas associated with phagocytosis. These data suggest that neutrophils use an efficient mechanism for removal of bacterial debris. Unlike whole streptococci which are phagocytosed at multiple sites, these bacterial cell walls are first collected into a large aggregate, or cap, which is then internalized at one site. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Interaction of Recombining Atomic Nitrogen with Gaseous Plasmas

Experiments are reviewed which measure the three-body volume recombination coefficient of neutral nitrogen atoms in nitrogen gas making use of an electron spin resonance (ESR) technique to determine the atomic concentration. The nitrogen atoms were created in an electrodeless discharge and were carried to the ESR detector by a stream of flowing gas. The temperature dependence of the atomic recombination coefficient near 300°K and the number of photons emitted in the Rayleigh afterglow bands per recombination have been determined. It has been found that the loss rate of nitrogen atoms is considerably enhanced when the atomic stream is exposed to a feeble DC discharge. The removal mechanism appears to be one of ionization of nitrogen atoms by electronic bombardment followed by a comparatively rapid ambipolar diffusion. If, however, the stream of atoms passes through a region containing a decaying afterglow plasma in nitrogen where the electronic temperature is low, it is observed that the electronic ambipolar diffusion coefficient is enhanced in the presence of atoms. The above implies an energy transfer mechanism between the recombining atoms and the cool electrons. This effect is presently being explored by observing the change in light emitted by the nitrogen electronic afterglow and the change in electronic concentration and electron-neutral collision frequency with microwaves upon intoducing atoms into the afterglow plasma.
A Real-time Integration Of Concept-based Search and Summarization of Chinese Websites

This paper introduces an intuitive search environment for casual and novice Chinese users over Internet. The system consists of four components, a concept network, a query reformulation model, a standard search engine, and an automatic summarizer. When the user enters one or more fairly general and vague terms, the search engine returns an initial answer set, and at the same time pipes the query to the concept network that connects thousands of conceptual nodes, each referring to a specific concept for a given domain and pointing to a number of associated conceptual terms. If the concept is located in the network, the related conceptual terms are displayed. The user has the option of using one or more of these specific terms to reformulate the next round of searches. Such search iterations continue until the user' s ultimate information seeking goal is reached. For each search iteration, auto summarizer presents the main theme of the document retrieved and an optional text-to-speech engine can read out the output summary if the user prefers.
How Impaired Is Too Impaired? Ratings of Psychologist Impairment by Psychologists in Independent Practice

Although psychologist impairment has received attention from researchers, there is a paucity of empirical data aimed at determining the point at which such impairment necessitates action. The purpose of this study was to provide such empirical data. Members of Division 42 (n = 285) responded to vignettes describing a psychologist whose symptoms of either depression or substance abuse varied across five levels of severity. Results identified specific levels of impairment at which psychologists were deemed too impaired to practice psychotherapy, as well as significant differences between ratings of increasingly severe impairment. Practical and ethical implications of these results are discussed.
Inferior collicular interactions with limbic seizure activity.

Summary: : Because under certain conditions, seizure activity electrically elicited from layers III and IV of the inferior collicular cortex can spread into forebrain regions, potential inferior collicular interactions with the amygdala were studied. Following acute electrical initiation of seizure activity from the inferior colliculus, no changes in amygdala EEG activity were noted. Following repetitive stimulation of the inferior colliculus, however, postictal spiking activity was noted in the amygdala, similar to interictal spiking reported for amygdala kindling, but this abnormal EEG activity did not coincide with any observable behavioral change. Conversely, the course of amygdala kindling in animals previously stimulated in the inferior colliculus progressed quite differently in comparison to control animals. Those animals repetitively stimulated in the inferior colliculus required a significantly greater number of amygdala kindling stimulations to reach class 5 seizure activity than did animals that received no inferior collicular stimulation and, unlike the controls, the chronic inferior collicular stimulation group usually regressed to class 2 or 3 seizure activity after the first class 5 seizure. Furthermore, the chronic inferior collicular stimulation group all exhibited wet-dog shakes during the amygdaloid kindling stimulation, whereas at no time did controls exhibit wet-dog shake behaviors. Finally, the seizure generalization from the inferior colliculus appears to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from the acute seizure activity, because a dose of diazepam (0.4 mg/kg), or carbamazepine (10 mg/kg), which had no effect on the wild running seizure, blocked behaviors indicative of seizure generalization. The significance of these results to epilepsy is discussed.
Vascular pathology of balloon-expandable flexible coil stents in humans.

Abstract The morphologic changes in atherosclerotic coronary arteries and saphenous vein bypass grafts after placement of a balloon-expandable flexible coil stent (Cook) are described. In each case, the vessels were patent despite morphologic evidence of injury and dissection in the vessel wall. The stented region was reendothelialized and the tissue overlying the stent wires consisted primarily of smooth muscle cells. There was minimal inflammatory reaction to the stent wires. These findings suggest that the balloon-expandable flexible coil stent can effectively maintain vessel patency even in the setting or postangioplasly lumen disruption. In addition, the vessels tolerate the metal prosthesis with little evidence of tissue inflammatory reaction.
Detection of M-bcr/abl fusion by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in a case of pH negative CML

A balanced reciprocal translocation, t(6;9)(p21;q34), was identified in a female patient diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Both homologs of chromosome 22 were of normal length and morphology. Southern blotting revealed a bcr rearrangement with BglII and HindIII. Two signals for the abl probe were demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), one on the normal chromosome 9 and the second on a chromosome 22. Thus, molecular rearrangement of bcr resulted from insertion of an abl gene within the bcr region despite absence of a Ph chromosome.
Medications as a potential source of exposure to phthalates among women of childbearing age.

Objective To evaluate the association between the use of medications potentially containing phthalates and urinary concentrations of specific phthalate metabolites around conception.
Postoperative radiation therapy for residual Wilms' tumor. Review of group III patients in the National Wilms' tumor study†

Fifty-eight patients with residual abdominal disease (Group III) are reviewed from National Wilm's Tumor Study "1. The totap III) are reviewed from National Wilm's Tumor Study No. 1. The total number of abdominal recurrences is relatively low (eight cases). Local irradiation of the renal fossa would seem to be sufficient treatment for disease believed to be limited to that region, including cases of local spillage. Whole abdominal irradiation is recommended for gross, diffuse peritoneal contamination.
Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Deuterium labeled ethanol tracer studies on iron catalysts

Abstract The addition of D3- and D5-ethanol during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis with a promoted iron catalyst gives results that are consistent with ethanol initiating chain growth. However, there is considerable H/D exchange in the alcohol prior to initiating chain growth so that the D/molecule ratios in the alkane and alkene products are in the range 1.3–1.5. The nearly constant D/molecule ratio in the alkane and alkene products in the C5–C14 carbon number range is consistent with ethanol initiating chain growth.
Rapid eruption of the Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary

The accumulation of flood basalts of the Deccan Traps, western India, is one of the most remarkable volcanic provinces on Earth in sheer extent and volume. These rocks are akin in composition and occurrence to other extensive continental basalt provinces, usually located near plate margins, but distributed worldwide and of various ages1. Recent interest in the Deccan flood basalts has increased with the suggestion that this volcanic activity may have coincided with mass faunal extinctions and/or meteorite impact at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary2–5; critical to these correlations are the age and age range of the volcanic rocks. Here we report 40Ar–39Ar geochronological results from stratigraphically controlled, geochemically well characterized tholeiitic basalts from the thickest sequence of the Deccan flood basalts, Western Ghats6. The samples dated span a section ∼2,000m thick, and range in age from 66.6 to 68.5 Myr. There is no significant difference in age from the stratigraphically oldest to the youngest rocks. It appears, then, that this sequence of lavas was erupted rapidly and can be correlated in time with events at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary.