cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Double Epitaxy as a Paradigm for Templated Growth of Highly Ordered Three-Dimensional Mesophase Crystals

Molecular templating and self-assembly are fundamental mechanisms for controlling the morphology of biominerals, while in synthetic two-dimensional layered materials similar levels of control over materials structure can be achieved through the epitaxial relationship with the substrate. In this study these two concepts are combined to provide an approach for the nucleation and growth of three-dimensional ordered mesophases on solid surfaces. A combined experimental and theoretical study revealed how atomic ordering of the substrate controls the structure of surfactant template and the orientation and morphology of the epitaxially grown inorganic material. This dual epitaxial relationship between the substrate, surfactant template, and inorganic mesophase gives rise to a highly ordered porous mesophase with a well-defined cubic lattice of pores. The level of control over the material’s three-dimensional architecture achieved in this one-step synthesis is reminiscent of that in biomineralization.
Eight- or 12-Week Treatment of Hepatitis C with Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir: Real-World Experience in a Large Integrated Health System

Second-generation direct-acting antiviral agents are integral to treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) infection. Eight-week courses of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) have been supported in some studies, but data are limited on efficacy in real-world use. Controversy exists regarding applicability of clinical trials to real-world effectiveness. We report virologic responses of patients with HCV genotype 1 infection receiving LDV/SOF for 8 or 12 weeks in a large integrated healthcare system. All patients receiving LDV/SOF, without ribavirin, were identified from pharmacy records, and outcomes are reported. Only treatment-naive patients without evidence of cirrhosis and hepatitis C viral load less than 6 million IU/ml were candidates for 8-week therapy. Treatment was at clinician discretion, but delivered by a multidisciplinary team and reviewed for appropriateness and adherence to these criteria by one of the authors, all experienced in hepatitis C treatment. Sustained viral response at 12 weeks (SVR 12) was contrasted between those receiving 8 and those receiving 12 weeks of treatment. Completed prescriptions for LDV/SOF, without ribavirin, as of 30 September 2015 were identified in 1021 patients. Five patients discontinued therapy due to medical reasons and 35 had incomplete follow-up viral load data, thus there were 981 evaluable patients: 377 treated for 8 weeks and 604 treated for 12 weeks. SVR 12 was virtually identical at 93.6 and 93.5%, respectively. Baseline characteristics differed between the two groups, as only treatment-naive, non-cirrhotic, non-HIV-infected patients were eligible for an 8-week course of therapy. Eight-week courses of LDV/SOF are comparable to 12-week courses in real-world use among selected patients supported by a multidisciplinary team.
Analysis of Active Transport by Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a well-established experimental technique to study binding and diffusion of molecules in cells. Although a large number of analytical and numerical models have been developed to extract binding and diffusion rates from FRAP recovery curves, active transport of molecules is typically not included in the existing models that are used to estimate these rates. Here we present a validated numerical method for estimating diffusion, binding/unbinding rates, and active transport velocities using FRAP data that captures intracellular dynamics through partial differential equation models. We apply these methods to transport and localization of mRNA molecules in Xenopus laevis oocytes, where active transport processes are essential to generate developmental polarity. By providing estimates of the effective velocities and diffusion, as well as expected run times and lengths, this approach can help quantify dynamical properties of localizing and nonlocalizing RNA. Our results confirm the distinct transport dynamics in different regions of the cytoplasm, and suggest that RNA movement in both the animal and vegetal directions may influence the timescale of RNA localization in Xenopus oocytes. We also show that model initial conditions extracted from FRAP postbleach intensities prevent underestimation of diffusion, which can arise from the instantaneous bleaching assumption. The numerical and modeling approach presented here to estimate parameters using FRAP recovery data is a broadly applicable tool for systems where intracellular transport is a key molecular mechanism.
Evaluating current and recent fellows' perceptions on the interventional radiology residency: Results of a United States survey.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate current and recent interventional radiology (IR) fellows’ perceptions on the new integrated IR residency. Materials and methods An anonymous, web-based survey was distributed to 82 current and recent IR fellows across the Unites States. The survey contained 15 questions, most of which were based on a five-point Likert scale. The survey was open for a three-week period in September 2015. The results were analyzed by two trainees and three IR attending physicians. Results Sixty-four current or recent former IR fellows completed the survey (response rate 78%). Of these 18% decided to pursue a career in IR by the end of their third year of medical school. A majority believed that the integrated IR residency will be an improved IR training pathway (62%). Based on current medical school curricula, 74% either disagreed or strongly disagreed that IR residency applicants will be ready to select such a pathway by the end of their third year of medical school. Conclusions Most current and recent IR fellows surveyed chose IR during their final year of medical school or during residency. Most respondents believe that the integrated IR residency will be an improved IR training pathway.
Poster: Link Line Crossing Speed Estimation with Narrowband Signal Strength

We present results from a system which uses received signal strength (RSS) measurements to estimate the speed at which a person is walking when they cross the link line. While many RSS-based device-free localization systems can detect a line crossing, this system estimates additionally the speed of crossing, which can provide significant additional information to a tracking system. Further, unlike device-free RF sensors which occupy tens of MHz of bandwidth, this system uses a channel of about 10 kHz. Experiments with a person walking from 0.3 to 1.8 m/s show the system can measure walking speed within 0.05 m/s RMS error.
Rarefaction-driven Rayleigh–Taylor instability. Part 2. Experiments and simulations in the nonlinear regime

Experiments and large eddy simulation (LES) were performed to study the development of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability into the saturated, nonlinear regime, produced between two gases accelerated by a rarefaction wave. Single-mode two-dimensional, and single-mode three-dimensional initial perturbations were introduced on the diffuse interface between the two gases prior to acceleration. The rarefaction wave imparts a non-constant acceleration, and a time decreasing Atwood number, , where and are the densities of the heavy and light gas, respectively. Experiments and simulations are presented for initial Atwood numbers of , , and . Nominally two-dimensional (2-D) experiments (initiated with nearly 2-D perturbations) and 2-D simulations are observed to approach an intermediate-time velocity plateau that is in disagreement with the late-time velocity obtained from the incompressible model of Goncharov (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 88, 2002, 134502). Reacceleration from an intermediate velocity is observed for 2-D bubbles in large wavenumber, , experiments and simulations, where is the wavelength of the initial perturbation. At moderate Atwood numbers, the bubble and spike velocities approach larger values than those predicted by Goncharov’s model. These late-time velocity trends are predicted well by numerical simulations using the LLNL Miranda code, and by the 2009 model of Mikaelian (Phys. Fluids., vol. 21, 2009, 024103) that extends Layzer type models to variable acceleration and density. Large Atwood number experiments show a delayed roll up, and exhibit a free-fall like behaviour. Finally, experiments initiated with three-dimensional perturbations tend to agree better with models and a simulation using the LLNL Ares code initiated with an axisymmetric rather than Cartesian symmetry.
Regulation of Regulatory B Cells by Th2 Cytokines

Regulatory B cells (Breg) have emerged as important members of the immune regulatory network, particularly in the context of autoimmunity and tissue transplant. Previously we found that IL-5 supported the growth and functions of Breg cells, including production of IL-10 and FasL-mediated T cell killing. In contrast, IL-4 did not support regulatory B cells growth or function and instead antagonized the effects of IL-5. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT6) is the primary STAT activated by IL-4. We hypothesized IL-4 effects on B cells were mediated by STAT6, and that STAT6 −/− mice would have more abundant and effective regulatory B cells. Flow cytometric analysis of naive B cells from STAT6 −/− and BALB/c wild-type mice indicated differences in some Breg phenotypes. Culture with CD40L, IL-5, and/or IL-4 stimulation were used to assess the IL-10 production, FasL mediated killing, and activated phenotypes. As anticipated, STAT6 −/− B cells did not lose regulatory function when cultured with CD40L, IL-5, and IL-4. Interestingly, when BALB/c B cells were cultured with CD40L and IL-5 to expand regulatory B cells and then re-cultured in the presence of IL-4, regulatory functions were not affected. These results suggested the inhibitory effects of IL-4 on Breg cells is likely to be due to competition of other B cells in the culture rather than direct inhibition. To confirm these findings in vivo , STAT6 −/− and control mice were immunized with OVA emulsified in IFA and their B cells were compared phenotypically and functionally. Our data suggest that regulatory B cell growth, IL-10 production, and FasL mediated killing may be supported by IL-5 and CD40L stimulation, and are not directly affected by IL-4 as previously thought.
Infantile Hypercalcemia and CYP24A1 Mutations

Abstract Hypercalcemia in infancy is a rare event, however, when present, it requires a targeted diagnostic work-up and therapy. Underlying etiologies comprise inborn defects in calcium, phosphate, and bone metabolism. Critical components for differential diagnosis are the determination of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D metabolites. Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia was first recognized when symptomatic hypercalcemia developed in children after receiving high doses of vitamin D for the prevention of rickets in Great Britain in the 1950s. The exact pathophysiology remained unknown until recessive mutations in CYP24A1 encoding 25 hydroxyvitamin D 3 -24-hydroxylase were discovered. The defect in vitamin D degradation leads to an accumulation of active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 with subsequent hypercalcemia. Enhanced renal calcium excretion causes hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. Meanwhile, the phenotypic spectrum associated with CYP24A1 mutations has significantly broadened. Moreover, defects in renal phosphate handling have been discovered resulting in similar disease patterns. This chapter will review the recent developments in our understanding of inborn errors of vitamin D metabolism resulting in an augmented action of vitamin D and discuss critical diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in the care of patients.
Inferior Vena Cava

Venous blood is derived back to the right side of the heart from the lower part of the body through the inferior vena cava (IVC). The IVC opens into the lowest part of the right atrium (RA) directed upward and backward by a rudimentary valve (Eustachian valve) at the level of the lower third of the ninth thoracic vertebra. The IVC is usually visualized and assessed by echocardiography using the subcostal approach. Respiratory changes and collapsibility of the IVC can be effectively used for the assessment of the right sided pressures and intravascular volume status [1–3]. IVC measurements can be done on the 2D- or M-mode recording of the IVC during at least one whole respiratory cycle. The recording should start from end expiration and involves inspiratory effort “sniff” followed by return to expiration again [1, 3]. IVC measurements should be done 2 cm away from the RA inlet [4]. IVC visualization can also help in assessment of several anatomical obstruction conditions such as IVC stenosis, thrombosis, and masses, in addition to several congenital abnormalities.
Cultivating Financial Mindfulness: A Dual-Process Theory

This chapter considers the cultivation of financial mindfulness in relation to a dual-process mental model, i.e., reflexive and reflective, of influences on financial attitudes and behaviors. In the proposed dual-process model, the reflexive system is energizing, passionate, impulsive, and automatic; in excess, it produces selfish, materialistic financial behaviors. The reflective system is thoughtful and deliberate; in excess, it produces financial inaction and indecision. A functional money relation obtains with moderate levels of, and balanced (λ), reflexive and reflective influences. Although sparse, evidence suggests that cultivating mindfulness strengthens a witnessing self that aids in balancing and integrating the reflexive and reflective systems. Eastern and Western paths to cultivating financial mindfulness have similarities and differences. Eastern, i.e., Buddhist, paths emphasize meditation; Western paths, largely based on psychotherapy, emphasize counseling and therapy that are sometimes combined with mindfulness exercises. Although largely unexplored, the relation of financial knowledge to mindfulness is a potentially fertile and important topic for future exploration.
Treatment of Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer: Chemotherapy and Novel Agents

Recurrent HNSCC remains a complex and frustrating disease. Given the experience of the past decade, expectations that improvements in outcome with traditional cytotoxins will ensue have been dampened. Molecularly targeted agents are under active investigation and hold more promise for improving the plight of our patients. These agents will likely have the greatest impact when used in combination with chemotherapy. It seems unlikely, however, that we will begin to cure these patients who currently have a life expectancy of 6–9 months. Palliation will remain the intent of therapy in the recurrent setting and for this reason it is paramount that we focus on these effects in our research.
Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models of El Nino and the Southern Oscillation

A coupled ocean-atmosphere model of El Nino and the Southern Oscillation is discussed. The model ocean is a reduced-gravity system that also includes an equation for the temperature of the layer, T. The model atmosphere is a linear, single-baroclinic mode system driven by convection, Q. The wind stress used to drive the model ocean is proportional to the wind velocity produced by the model atmosphere, while Q over the ocean is a function only of T. Some of the solutions also involve land as well as ocean; in that case, Q over land is either a fixed forcing function or it is set to zero.
4.13 Radical Cyclizations and Sequential Radical Reactions

Radical reactions, once regarded as more of a curiosity than a useful tool, have become an important class of transformations. Many radical processes exhibit high functional group tolerance, good stereo- and regioselectivity, and the ability to be used in cascade reactions. Recent improvements in radical processes are numerous and include the development of tin-free protocols and enantionselective cyclizations. The primary focus of this chapter is on radical cyclizations and sequential radical reactions. Topics covered include tin-free cyclizations, cyclizations involving heteroatom-based radicals or acceptors, and processes that form unusual-sized rings. Examples of enantioselective cyclizations and sequential radical processes are also presented. Finally, radical cyclizations used in total synthesis are discussed.
Degradation of Natural Fiber in Cement Composites Containing Diatomaceous Earth

AbstractThis paper reports the results of an investigation carried out to understand the influence of two different diatomaceous earths on the service life of natural fibers in cement composites. D...
Global Portrait of Protein Targets of Metabolites of the Neurotoxic Compound BIA 10-2474

Clinical investigation of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor BIA 10-2474 resulted in serious adverse neurological events. Structurally unrelated FAAH inhibitors tested in humans have not presented safety concerns, suggesting that BIA 10-2474 has off-target activities. A recent activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) study revealed that BIA 10-2474 and one of its major metabolites inhibit multiple members of the serine hydrolase class to which FAAH belongs. Here, we extend these studies by performing a proteome-wide analysis of covalent targets of BIA 10-2474 metabolites. Using alkynylated probes for click chemistry-ABPP in human cells, we show that des-methylated metabolites of BIA 10-2474 covalently modify the conserved catalytic cysteine in aldehyde dehydrogenases, including ALDH2, which has been implicated in protecting the brain from oxidative stress-related damage. These findings indicate that BIA 10-2474 and its metabolites have the potential to inhibit multiple mechanistically distinct enzyme classes involved in nervous system function.
THE USE OF COGNITIVE AND ERP BIOMARKERS OF CHOLINERGIC FUNCTION IN NOVEL TESTS OF MUSCARINIC POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATORS

Introduction The decline of cholinergic functioning is associated with increased cognitive decline and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. At present, there is no pharmacological agent that slows the progression the disease. Muscarinic post positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) are a new class of compounds aiming to restore cholinergic functioning in patients suffering from AD pathology. PAMs of the M1 receptor can potentiate the response of the M1 receptor to acetylcholine, without inducing the harmful side-effects. This is due to the fact that PAMs do not bind at the target site, rather they boost the signal of acetylcholine when is engaged at the orthosteric receptor. The downside of using PAMs is that they have low affinity to radioactive ligands, so this reduces the utility of PET imaging. This creates a challenge in how to establish functional efficacy of the compound in both preclinical and clinical trials. Methods To address this challenge, we plan on using cognitive tasks and electroencephalography (qEEG) to identify dose-depended changes in cholinergic functioning. These functional biomarkers allow us to develop more detailed models of how M1PAMs may influence downstream cognitive processing. The cognitive and EEG measures presented have been shown to modulate cholinergic tone, therefore we should be able to identify effective target engagement. Results Cognitive tasks tested spatial and sustained attention, episodic and working memory, perceptual vigilance and psychomotor speed. Tasks recorded by EEG tested auditory and visual discrimination using oddball tasks, and incidental memory. Conclusions These cognitive and electrophysiological results will assist in establishing functional targets for future studies using M1PAMs. This research was funded by Funding for this research comes from an Alzheimer's Association and the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation.
Regulating Political Activity: Notes on a Hypothetical Statute to Regulate Presidential Primary and General Election Campaigns

This symposium on presidential campaigns and election law is both timely and significant. Timely because we meet as the 1992 federal election campaign season is about to get underway, and significant because it addresses two issues that lie at the heart of the Federal Election Campaign Act ("the Act").' These issues are the extent to which the government may, consistent with the first amendment, impose (1) direct limitations on communications by candidates to the voters, and (2) "non-voluntary" limits on expenditures by candidate campaign committees. This essay is not, nor is it intended to be, an exhaustive analysis of the constitutional and other legal issues raised by the various provisions of the Act. These issues are discussed below in the context of an analysis of a proposed, hypothetical statute, S. 100, "The Reform of Presidential Elections Act of 1993." S. 100 does address real problems with the campaign process that have been identified by commentators over the years. The question is whether this statute in particular, and federal legislation generally, is indeed the best or proper vehicle with which to address these concerns. This question can best be answered through a section-by-section analysis of the bill.
Subwavelength films for standoff radiation dosimetry

We present optical subwavelength nanostructure architecture suitable for standoff radiation dosimetry with remote optical readout in the visible or infrared spectral regions. To achieve this, films of subwavelength structures are fabricated over several square inches via the creation of a 2D non-close packed (NCP) array template of radiationsensitive polymeric nanoparticles, followed by magnetron sputtering of a metallic coating to form a 2D array of separated hemispherical nanoscale metallic shells. The nanoshells are highly reflective at resonance in the visible or infrared depending on design. These structures and their behavior are based on the open ring resonator (ORR) architecture and have their analog in resonant inductive-capacitive (LC) circuits, which display a resonance wavelength that is inversely proportional to the square root of the product of the inductance and capacitance. Therefore, any modification of the nanostructure material properties due to radiation alters the inductive or capacitive behavior of the subwavelength features, which in turn changes their optical properties resulting in a shift in the optical resonance. This shift in resonance may be remotely interrogated actively using either laser illumination or passively by hyperspectral or multispectral sensing with broadband illumination. These structures may be designed to be either anisotropic or isotropic, which can also offer polarization-sensitive interrogation. We present experimental measurements of a radiation induced shift in the optical resonance of a subwavelength film after exposure to an absorbed dose of gamma radiation from 2 Mrad up to 62 Mrad demonstrating the effect. Interestingly the resonance shift is non-monotonic for this material system and possible radiation damage mechanisms to the nanoparticles are discussed.
Sustained Feelings of Success and Agency: Keys to Literacy Motivation among Adolescents with Learning Disabilities

ABSTRACTThis study explored prior experiences that shaped literacy motivation beliefs among adolescents with learning disabilities (LD). Data included student and teacher interviews, teacher respon...
Non-Pharmacologic Interventions for Persons with Dementia

Affecting over 100,000 older Missourians, cognitive impairment is of concern for all health care providers. With no available pharmacologic treatments to eradicate/diminish symptoms, professionals and families need non-pharmacologic behavioral interventions to enhance individuals' quality-of-life and decrease the number and intensity of dementia-related behavioral symptoms. This paper provides an overview of available evidence-based non-pharmacologic interventions and strategies that can be delivered in both the community and facility setting, including reminiscence, validation, and cognitive stimulation therapies.
Tumor necrosis factor alfa and interleukin 1 alfa induced phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory kappa B alpha are regulated by estradiol in endometrial cells.

Objective When bound to the inhibitory kappa B (IкB) protein, the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB) remains inactively in the cytoplasm. Activated NF-кB upregulates the gene expression of many chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin (IL)-8. We hypothesized that estrogen may regulate IкB phosphorylation and degradation thus influencing NF-кB-dependent gene expression. Regulation of chemokines by estrogen is different in uterine endometrial cells when compared to ectopic endometrial cells of endometriosis. Materials and Methods We investigated the in vivo expression of IкB in normal endometrium and in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. We then studied in cultured endometrial cells to assess the effects of estradiol on IкB and NF-кB function. Results Normal endometrium from mid-late proliferative phase revealed the strongest IкB immunoreactivity throughout the cycle (p<0.05). When compared to paired homologous eutopic endometrium, ectopic endometrium revealed significantly less immunoreactivity for IкB (p<0.05). Moreover, estradiol induced a decrease in tumor necrosis factor-and IL-1-induced IкB phosphorylation, and also decreased the levels of active-NF-кB (p<0.05). Conclusion Our results support the conclusion that one pathway for estradiol-mediated NF-кB inhibition occurs through the down-regulation of IкB phosphorylation. We propose that the estradiol-induced regulation of IкB and consequent reduction in active-NF-кB may affect inflammatory responses in human endometrial cells.
Application effect of measuring central venous pressure with different catheter in LBWIs

Objective To discuss the effect of measuring central venous with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in low birth weight infants (LBWIs). Methods Totally 100 LBWIs admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital from January to Octomber 2015 were selected and were randomly divided into the PICC group and the central venous catheterization (CVC) group, with 50 cases in each group. Patients in the PICC group received the main intravenous catheter, while patients in the CVC group received subclavian intravenous catheter. Data were collected for statistical analysis. The difference of central venous pressure and the incidence rate of complications in patients with different measure methods were compared between two groups. Results The central venous pressure of LBWIs in the PICC group was (8.26±2.18) cmH2O, and in the CVC group was (7.85±2.36) cmH2O (t=0.421, P>0.05); the incidence rates of catheter obstruction, phlebitis and puncture point bleeding of the PICC group were lower than that of the CVC group (χ2=5.01, 6.93, 4.00; P<0.05). Conclusions PICC catheter measurement won′t affect the measure results of central venous pressure in LBWIs, and can reduce the incidence of complications related with central venous catheter in very low LBWIs, so it can be popularized for use. Key words: Central venous pressure; Peripherally inserted central catheter; Low birth weight infant
Comparing participant estimated demand intensity on the cigarette purchase task to consumption when usual-brand cigarettes were provided free

Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that the hypothetical Cigarette Purchase Task (CPT), especially its demand Intensity index (i.e., estimated cigarettes participants would smoke if free), is associated with individual differences in smoking risk. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the extent to which hypothetical CPT demand Intensity may differ from consumption when participants are provided with free cigarettes. That topic is the overarching focus of the present study. Participants were 745 adult smokers with co-morbid psychiatric conditions or socioeconomic disadvantage. CPT was administered for usual-brand cigarettes prior to providing participants with seven days of their usual-brand cigarettes free of cost and consumption was recorded daily via an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) System. Demand Intensity was correlated with IVR smoking rate (rs 0.670–0.696, ps 0.19 for all interactions with subgroups). This suggests that demand Intensity was sensitive to established group differences in smoking rate, supporting its utility as an important measure of addiction potential.
Professor Shelby Hunt’s contributions to franchising: Revisiting forecasts and recommendations four decades later

This tribute article focuses on Professor Shelby Hunt’s contributions to the franchising literature and evaluates how forecasts and recommendations presented in 11 of his articles compare against c...
A Comparison of First-Year International Students' Adjustment to College at the Undergraduate and Graduate Level

Predictors of first-year undergraduate and graduate international students’ adjustment to college were examined using an online survey in 2019. The research sample consisted of 95 international students attending two universities in the United States. Findings showed a statistically significant difference between first-year graduate and undergraduate international students, as related to college adjustment. Further analysis discovered significant relationships among the predictor variables - resilience, relational skills, acculturative stress - and the criterion variable, which is adjustment to college, explaining 55% of the variance. Implications of findings for educators, college counselors, and college administrators, are provided, as well as directions for future research.
Neuromodulatory effects of Transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation (tPCS) in Fibromyalgia: protocol for a double-blinded, sham-controlled, randomized clinical trial

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a functional syndrome characterized by musculoskeletal, diffuse and persistent (> 3 months) chronic pain, that is also characterized by sleep disturbances, fatigue, humor changes and cognitive and psychological changes. Transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation (tPCS) is a new Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) that has been studied as a treatment option for chronic pain and neurological conditions . Studies have shown that tPCS is capable of pain and cognitive modulation; however, there are not enough studies with evidence of its efficacy.Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of tPCS in pain, evaluated through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in FM patients; besides that, it is aimed to evaluate the effects of tPCS on quality of life, cognitive impairments, pain pressure threshold, descending inhibitory system of pain, and serum levels of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and S100 Calcium-Binding Protein B (S100B). A randomized, double-blinded, controlled with sham clinical trial will be conducted with 70 (Critical f: 2.003; ES: 0.76; alpha: 0.05; power: 0.80) women with Fibromyalgia, from 30 to 65 years with pain on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) higher than 6 in the last 3 months. All patients will read and sign an Informed Consent Form (ICF). Each patient will be randomized to either 1+4 sessions of tPCS (2mA, 6-10Hz, 1-20ms, 20-25 minutes) or Sham. Patients will complete the following questionnaires/tests: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Profile of Chronic Pain (PCP), Conditioned Pain Modulation Task (CPM-T), Pain Pressure Threshold Task (PPT-T), Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) and blood collection for serum levels of BDNF and S100B. For the main outcome, comparison between variables during time will be made through linear regression, with an adjustment for baseline levels and possible confounders.
MARKETS FOR HIGH-SPEED INTERCITY MAGLEV TECHNOLOGY: A SYSTEMS ANALYSIS APPROACH

The technical feasibility of constructing and operating maglev vehicles at speeds fo 250-300 mph has been amply demonstrated and is accepted here as a reality. In this paper, the markets into which passenger- or freight-carrying systems based on this technology can be introduced with economic reasonableness are evaluated. The characteristics and capabilities (particularly the capacity and comparative costs) of the system are enumerated and discussed from the points of view of the passengers, the airlines (as potential operators), and the traveling public. It is shown that if the system is integrated into the existing transportation system as a supplement to the airline system, it meets the criteria required for the introduction of any new product or service into a market. The financial enhancement of the maglev system resulting from the use of trunk routes with feeder lines diverging to various ultimate destinations becomes an extremely important consideration.
Active Gravity Gradient Torque Control for Earth-Orbiting Astronomical Telescopes

The controlled pointing of an Earth-orbiting astronomical telescope in the presence of time-dependent gravity-gradient torques is studied using recent techniques for the analysis and synthesis of time-varying linear scalar dynamical systems. We present results which show that effective adaptive control of unstable motions due to gravity gradient torques can be accomplished, resulting in high pointing accuracy and stability for astronomical telescopes in both circular and elliptical orbits.
Presence of histamine and serotonin receptors associated with adenylate cyclase in cultured calf-aorta smooth muscle cells. Pharmacological characterization of the histamine response.

Abstract Intact cells and homogenate preparations of several lines of cultured calf-aorta smooth muscle cells contained adenylate cyclase activity stimulated markedly (2- to 3-fold) by epinephrine, histamine and serotonin. Pharmacological studies indicated the separate and independent nature of these three receptor-adenylate cyclase systems. Only the epinephrine response could be blocked by propranolol or be desensitized by pretreating with epinephrine. The serotonin-stimulated adenylate cyclase appeared to differ from other serotonin receptor systems in that it was refractory to all of the classical serotonin antagonists tested, with the exception of methysergide. Characterization of the histamine receptor, with the use of various H1 and H2 histamine agonists and antagonists, demonstrated it to be exclusively of the H2 type. In this system, impromidine, a reported potent H2 agonist, behaved as a mixed agonist-antagonist with a strong inhibitory effect on histamine stimulation. The high sensitivity of the histamine H2 stimulated adenylate cyclase in the cultured smooth muscle cells makes this a useful system for studies of regulation of the histamine receptor in vitro as well as for screening putative H2 antagonists and agonists.
Self‐regulation in early childhood: Improving conceptual clarity and developing ecologically valid measures.

Abstract— Children’s ability to direct their attention and behavior to learning tasks provides a foundation for healthy social and academic development in early schooling. Although an explosion of research on this topic has occurred in recent years, the field has been hindered by a lack of conceptual clarity, as well as debate over underlying components and their significance in predicting school success. In addition, few measures tap these skills as children move into formal schooling. This article describes the aspects of self-regulation that are most important for early school success. It then discusses methodological challenges in reliably and validly assessing these skills in young children and describes recent advances in direct measures of self-regulation that are reliable and ecologically valid and that predict children’s school success. It concludes by summarizing critical issues in the study of self-regulation in school contexts and discussing next steps.
Infinity and the Natural World

An awareness of infinity is a major component in our contemplation of nature. We live with the possibility that the finite world of our experience is to be contrasted both with spatial domains of infinite magnitude and never-ending reaches of time. Our successes in understanding the universe must then be juxtaposed with a kind of threat that an overwhelming infinity will always forbid a comprehensive grasp.
On Well-Rounded Ideal Lattices

We study well-rounded lattices which come from ideals in quadratic number fields, generalizing some recent results of the first author with Petersen [On ideal well-rounded lattices, Int. J. Number Theory8(1) (2002) 189–206]. In particular, we give a characterization of ideal well-rounded lattices in the plane and show that a positive proportion of real and imaginary quadratic number fields contains ideals giving rise to well-rounded lattices.
18F-FDG PET/CT Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Patients for Detection of Malignant Transformation: Comparison of Early to Delayed Imaging With and Without Liver Activity Normalization

18F-FDG PET/CT has shown increased accuracy, compared with morphologic imaging, in differentiating malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) from benign neurofibromas (BNFs) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Delayed 18F-FDG PET imaging typically enhances malignant tumor to background. Our goal was to compare the effectiveness of early (1-h) and delayed (4-h) 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in differentiating MPNSTs from BNFs in patients with NF1, with and without liver activity normalization. Methods: NF1 patients presenting new symptoms or enlarging lesions were clinically evaluated with early and delayed 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. SULmax (maximum standardized uptake value derived for lean body) and SULmax/liver (lesion uptake adjusted to mean liver activity) were obtained for all sites identified with abnormal metabolic activity. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations, including receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) comparison of early and delayed imaging sessions, were performed. Histopathology and clinical follow-up (1–9 y) were considered as a gold standard. Results: Forty-one NF1 patients with early and delayed 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were identified, and 93 lesions were retrospectively analyzed, representing 24 MPNSTs (all histologically confirmed) and 69 BNFs (26 histologically confirmed). Qualitative evaluation on early imaging showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for separating MPNSTs from BNFs of 91%, 84%, 67%, and 96% versus 91%, 81%, 63%, and 96%, respectively, on 4-h delayed imaging. The mean SULmax was significantly higher for MPNSTs than BNFs on both early scans (6.5 vs. 2.0, P
Simulation analysis using SIMSTAT 2.0

SIMSTAT 2.0 is an interactive graphical software tool that performs statistical analysis on simulation input and output data. It is designed to work seamlessly with most simulation packages, such as GPSS/H, SIGMA, SIMAN, SLAMSYSTEM and ProModelPC. Simulation analysis is an essential part of every simulation study, but is often neglected or under-used because there has been no easy way to accomplish it. SIMSTAT 2.0 bridges the technology gap by providing essential analysis techniques in a user-friendly environment.
On radiation of electromagnetic and electroacoustic waves in a plasma

The infinitely long cylindrical antenna immersed in a compressible plasma is considered as a boundary-value problem. The analysis starts with a specified voltage at a circumferential gap which is uniformly excited. It is found that the radiation pattern of the antenna is influenced only, to a slight extent, by the finite compressibility of the plasma, provided that the wire diameter is somewhat larger than a Debye length in the plasma.
Diurnal rhythmicity in template activity of mouse liver chromatin

Abstract A study was initiated to define the basal state of gene expression in the mouse liver prior to an investigation of responses during stress. It was found that: 1. 1. The ability of isolated mouse liver chromatin to be transcribed in vitro is increased when the chromatin is taken during hours of darkness rather than during the day. It is suggested that this night-time increase in template activity is related to the rhythmic pattern in other phenomena of gene expression in the rodent liver. 2. 2. The magnitude of the periodic increase in template activity is diminished in the adrenalectomized animal, suggesting the involvement of glucocorticoid secretion. 3. 3. The extent of the nocturnal rise in activity is not affected by starvation of the mice. A simple hepatic response to periodic ingestion of the diet appears to be an unlikely source of rhythmicity.
Retention efficiencies of the coral reef sponges Aplysina lacunosa, Callyspongia vaginalis and Niphates digitalis determined by Coulter counter and plate culture analysis

Abstract Sponges are the dominant organisms on many coral reefs and through feeding they may greatly reduce the concentration of suspended food particles. Retention efficiencies of the tubular sponges Aplysina lacunosa, Callyspongia vaginalis and Niphates digitalis were examined on a coral reef located in the Florida Keys. Replicate ambient and exhalant water samples were collected in situ from individuals of each species and analysed using two methods. Retention efficiencies of suspended particles (0.75–18 µm) examined using Coulter counter analysis were similar among the three sponge species, averaging 86%. For all sponges, particle retention decreased as particle size increased from 0.7 to 18 µm. Water samples plated on to Marine Agar produced 54 microbial types. Retention efficiencies of culturable microbes were similar among the three species, averaging 82%. This study suggests that the coral reef sponges Aplysina lacunosa, Callyspongia vaginalis and Niphates digitalis play an important role in the t...
P-12: High Performance CLC (CW Lateral Crystallized) Poly-Si TFT with Controlled Strain on Glass Substrate

This paper describes high-performance TFTs fabricated by using CLC Si film with a large grains and an additional strain induced in the film. The additional strain in the CLC Si film is controlled by the thickness of Mo gate electrode. The increase in strain is measured by Raman scattering. The enhancement of TFT mobility with the additional strain is confirmed by the uniaxial stress applied to the TFT with a bending apparatus; the glass substrate of TFT have been thinned enough to avoid breakage. Propagation delay of 98 ps/stage is obtained at Vdd of 5V for 1um gate-length ring oscillators fabricated by the controlled strained CLC technology.
Identification of two cysteine residues that are required for redox modulation of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor

Modulation of NMDA-mediated responses by oxidizing and reducing reagents has been described in a variety of neuronal preparations. Here, we report that NMDA-gated currents of oocytes expressing heteromeric NMDA receptors are also modulated by sulfhydryl redox reagents. Each cysteine residue in the NMDAR1 (NR1) subunit and each conserved NMDAR2 (NR2) cysteine residue in a prototypical subunit (NR2B) was tested for its role in redox modulation. We have identified 2 cysteines in the NR1 subunit that are required for redox modulation of NMDA-gated currents in oocytes expressing NR1-NR2B, NR1-NR2C, or NR1-NR2D receptors. Mutation of these same 2 cysteines also eliminated potentiation by spermine and shifted the IC50 for H+ inhibition and the EC50 for NMDA. Redox modulation of heteromeric NR1-NR2A receptors appeared to be different from that of the other heteromeric receptors, indicating the presence of one or more unique redox modulatory sites on NR1-NR2A receptors.
Reliability of Composite Materials under General Plane Loadings

The reliability method of design is one in which we learn or determine the statistical distributions of stresses and strengths, and then relate these two in order to achieve an acceptable success rate. In this article, a methodology is introduced to study the reliability of composite materials in an attempt to improve consistency in the treatment of uncertainty of both loadings and material properties. Micro-mechanical analysis is utilized to represent the effects of statistical distributions of micro-parameters on global failure. The analysis is combined with the Tsai-Hill failure criterion and models of structural reliability to study the reliability optimization and the influence of micro-level material pa rameters on reliability of composites.
Inactive and Protein Precursor Pools of Amino Acids in the Soybean Hypocotyl

There are at least 2 amino pools for leucine and for valine in the soybean hypocotyl, a small protein precursor pool and a large inactive pool. The precursor pool decreased in size during incubation of excised hypocotyls presumably because the cotyledonary sources of amino acids had been removed. The precursor pool was subject to expansion by supplying the amino acid externally at high concentrations. After the transfer of tissue to unsupplemented media, the expanded pool was rapidly depleted.
Prognosis for sixth nerve palsy arising from paranasal sinus disease.

Background The abducens nerve, cranial nerve VI (CNVI), is the medial-most nerve in the cavernous sinus. Its close proximity to the sphenoid sinus makes it susceptible to injury, invasion, or compression from a sphenoid pathology leading to horizontal gaze diplopia. A wide range of literature describes myriad causes for CNVI palsy, but there is a lack of references that point to paranasal sinus pathology as an etiology, as well as the prognosis and timeline for resolution. Here, we describe a series of patients that presented with CNVI palsy, their management, and prognosis for recovery. This study was designed to evaluate and understand prognostic factors predicting disease course and likelihood of resolution in patients with abducens nerve palsy. Methods A multi-institutional retrospective review was performed of all patients presenting with CNVI palsy between 2009 and 2012. The demographic data, radiological features, treatment regimens, and disease courses were analyzed. Results Fifteen patients at four institutions were identified. Seven patients had neoplasms originating from the paranasal sinuses, three suffered from allergic fungal sinusitis, three patients had invasive fungal sinusitis, one patient had fibrous skull base dysplasia, and one had chronic bacterial sinusitis. The average follow-up time from presentation was 9 months (range, 1-16 months). Thirteen patients underwent surgery, three received chemotherapy, and four had radiation therapy. CNVI palsy resolved in 50% of the cases, with an average time to resolution of 6 weeks (range, 2-12 weeks). Conclusion Paranasal sinus pathology is a rare cause of CNVI palsy. A number of factors may help to predict prognosis in these patients. Masses compressing, but not destroying or invading, the cavernous sinus had optimal posttreatment outcomes with full resolution occurring as early as 2 weeks. Destructive lesions that invaded CNVI and its vasculature, i.e., invasive fungus, were negative indicators for recovery. Knowledge of factors that affect recovery can help clinicians predict disease course and prognosis for resolution of the defect.
Foetoprotein in rats with hepatomas induced by aflatoxin B 1 .

THE frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma is higher in parts of tropical Africa than in certain Western countries1. Elevated levels of serum α-foetoprotein (a foetal globulin) were detected in as many as 80% of the African cases but this was much less frequent in Western patients1–7. This difference may be related to the etiology of the disease.