cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Altered rhodopsin regeneration in diabetic mice caused by acid conditions within the rod photoreceptors

PURPOSE. The experiments were designed to provide details on the characteristics of rhodopsin regeneration in the rod photoreceptors of diabetic mice and to evaluate their mechanistic basis. METHODS. A genetically-derived diabetic albino mouse was developed. An excised albino mouse eye preparation was used. The preparation allows for direct measurements of rhodopsin concentration and other spectrally distinct intermediates, and maintains the structural integrity of the compartments involved in rhodopsin regeneration. The experiments were conducted at moderate bleaching levels, averaging 13–14%, with mice that exhibited moderate levels of blood glucose concentration. RESULTS. Rhodopsin regeneration was delayed in both genetically- derived and streptozotocin-injected diabetic mice when compared to non-diabetic mice. During the delay an intermediate of rhodopsin, N-Retinylidene Opsin (NRO440), that precedes the hydrolysis of the bleached chromophore from the opsin and that is associated with acidic condition...
What Is the Clinical Importance of Cigarette Smoking in Schizophrenia

may have critical importance in the understanding of this illness. (American Journal on Addictions 1996; 5:189–208)
A Unified Oscillator Model for the El Nino-Southern Oscillation

The delayed oscillator, the western Pacific oscillator, the recharge-discharge oscillator, and the advective- reflective oscillator have been proposed to interpret the oscillatory nature of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). All of these oscillator models assume a positive ocean-atmosphere feedback in the equatorial eastern and central Pacific. The delayed oscillator assumes that the western Pacific is an inactive region and wave reflection at the western boundary provides a negative feedback for the coupled system to oscillate. The western Pacific oscillator emphasizes an active role of the western Pacific in ENSO. The recharge-discharge oscillator argues that discharge and recharge of equatorial heat content cause the coupled system to oscillate. The advective- reflective oscillator emphasizes the importance of zonal advection associated with wave reflection at both the western and eastern boundaries. Motivated by the existence of these different oscillator models, a unified oscillator model is formulated and derived from the dynamics and thermodynamics of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system. Consistent with ENSO anomaly patterns observed in the tropical Pacific, this oscillator model considers sea surface temperature anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific, zonal wind stress anomalies in both the equatorial central Pacific and the equatorial western Pacific, and thermocline depth anomalies in the off-equatorial western Pacific. If the western Pacific wind-forced response is neglected, thermocline and zonal wind stress anomalies in the western Pacific are decoupled from the coupled system, and the unified oscillator reduces to the delayed oscillator. If wave reflection at the western boundary is neglected, the unified oscillator reduces to the western Pacific oscillator. The mathematical form of the recharge-discharge oscillator can also be derived from this unified oscillator. Most of the physics of the advective-reflective oscillator are implicitly included in the unified oscillator, and the negative feedback of wave reflection at the eastern boundary is added to the unified oscillator. With appropriate model parameters chosen to be consistent with those of previous oscillator models, the unified oscillator model oscillates on interannual timescales.
High-level synthesis of fault-tolerant ASICs

Methodologies for the high-level synthesis of fault-tolerant application-specific ICs (ASICs) that maximize performance in the presence of fault-tolerance and cost constraints are developed. The fault-tolerance constraints supported include number of faults per module (fault-masking constraint) and chip reliability (reliability constraint). Experience with the system shows that (a) it is feasible to automate design for fault-tolerance and (b) controlled interplay between cost, performance, and fault-tolerance, during high-level synthesis, helps synthesize high-quality and cost-effective fault-tolerant ASICs. >
Tag SNP Selection for Association Studies

This report describes current methods for selection of informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using data from a dense network of SNPs that have been genotyped in a relatively small panel of subjects. We discuss the following issues: (1) Optimal selection of SNPs based upon maximizing either the predictability of unmeasured SNPs or the predictability of SNP haplotypes as selection criteria. (2) The dependence of the performance of tag SNP selection methods upon the density of SNP markers genotyped for the purpose of haplotype discovery and tag SNP selection. (3) The likely power of case-control studies to detect the influence upon disease risk of common disease-causing variants in candidate genes in a haplotype-based analysis. We propose a quasi-empirical approach towards evaluating the power of large studies with this calculation based upon the SNP genotype and haplotype frequencies estimated in a haplotype discovery panel. In this calculation, each common SNP in turn is treated as a potential unmeasured causal variant and subjected to a correlation analysis using the remaining SNPs. We use a small portion of the HapMap ENCODE data (488 common SNPs genotyped over approximately a 500 kb region of chromosome 2) as an illustrative example of this approach towards power evaluation.
An issue of permanence: assessing the effectiveness of temporary carbon storage

In this paper, we present a method to quantify the effectiveness of carbon mitigation options taking into account the `permanence' of the emissions reduction. While the issue of permanence is most commonly associated with a `leaky' carbon sequestration reservoir, we argue that this is an issue that applies to just about all carbon mitigation options. The appropriate formulation of this problem is to ask `what is the value of temporary storage?' Valuing temporary storage can be represented as a familiar economic problem, with explicitly stated assumptions about carbon prices and the discount rate. To illustrate the methodology, we calculate the sequestration effectiveness for injecting CO2 at various depths in the ocean. Analysis is performed for three limiting carbon price assumptions: constant carbon prices (assumes constant marginal damages), carbon prices rise at the discount rate (assumes efficient allocation of a cumulative emissions cap without a backstop technology), and carbon prices first rise at the discount rate but become constant after a given time (assumes introduction of a backstop technology). Our results show that the value of relatively deep ocean carbon sequestration can be nearly equivalent to permanent sequestration if marginal damages (i.e., carbon prices) remain constant or if there is a backstop technology that caps the abatement cost in the not too distant future. On the other hand, if climate damages are such as to require a fixed cumulative emissions limit and there is no backstop, then a storage option with even very slow leakage has limited value relative to a permanent storage option.
Width-Increased Dual-Pump Enhanced Coherent Anti- Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (WIDECARS)

WIDECARS is a dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy technique that is capable of simultaneously measuring temperature and species mole fractions of N2, O2, H2, C2H4, CO, and CO2. WIDECARS is designed for measurements of all the major species (except water) in supersonic combustion flows fueled with hydrogen and hydrogen/ethylene mixtures. The two lowest rotational energy levels of hydrogen detectable by WIDECARS are H2 S(3) and H2 S(4). The detection of these lines gives the system the capability to measure temperature and species concentrations in regions of the flow containing pure hydrogen fuel at room temperature.
Cognitive computation: the Ersatz Brain project

The following discusses the Ersatz Brain project, a brain-like computing system, of Brown University. It tackles, in general, the proposed hardware and hardware parameters, the software application strategy and potential software applications suitable for its architecture, its technological vision, and the potential result of the project.
The Comte de Paris: Doctrines and Politics to 1939

“I have no illusions as to the magnitude of the task. That is but another reason why I should devote myself to it. And I am deeply convinced that I shall succeed.” 1 With these words, the Comte de Paris launched what must rank as the most sustained effort by a pretender to regain his throne in modern times. He was young, ambitious, and believed that his “sole raison d’etre was the welfare of the nation.” He felt further that, in a year of crisis (1934), “while some envisage the extreme solutions of dictatorship or anarchy, many good Frenchmen, hitherto indifferent, are asking themselves whether a return to the monarchical principle ... might not be the only way to assure the fatherland the stability and the political continuity for which it is longing.” 2 The times seemed ripe for a redefinition of the French monarchy.
How Judges Don't Think: The Inadvertent Misuse of Precedent in the Strange Career of the Illinois Doctrine of Antagonistic Defenses, 1876-1985

This article reviews the theory of precedent, including various traditional arguments for or against a common law system based on precedent and stare decisis. The article then closely follows the gradual creation of precedent in the 200 cases that comprise the entire history, from 1876 to 1985, of the development of Illinois’ rule requiring severance of jointly indicted codefendants with antagonistic defenses. During that period, the Illinois rule was assumed into existence through a process of lawyers taking words out of context, courts injecting those words into case law in the course of rejecting the lawyers’ arguments, later courts erroneously assuming those words to have a meaning earlier courts never gave them, other courts dutifully repeating those assumptions, and the words thus coalescing into rules, then splitting into different versions of the rule that lost any trace of their questionable origins - all through an apparently unintentional process as busy courts did their best to rely upon precedent to efficiently resolve what was a minor issue in most cases. The article concludes that along with the various other more established arguments against reliance on precedent, such as findings of conscious or unconscious but intentional manipulation of precedent to reach case outcomes that fit judges’ personal or political preferences, America’s lawyer-driven adversarial common law system operates as an engine of linguistic instability that leads courts to lose track of the meaning of earlier court opinions and bend and twist precedent unintentionally, even as they try to observe precedent in good faith. The inherent and seemingly inevitable linguistic indeterminacy of the process of creating precedent, and the unmoored nature of the product that results, raises further doubts whether we can properly claim that our judicial process is truly based on precedent and stare decisis.
Abstract 4042: Loss of imprinting at the 14q32 locus contributes to osteosarcoma

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy affecting children and young adolescents. Downregulation of microRNAs at 14q32 locus is implicated in the pathogenesis of OS. However, array comparative genome hybridization did not show any DNA copy number loss at this locus. We hypothesized that epigenetic alterations may regulate genes and microRNAs present in this locus and contribute to the development and progression of OS. Here, we show that OS is characterized by a selective loss of imprinting (LOI) at 14q32 locus. LOI at the 14q32 locus was unique to OS, compared with 10 other cancer cell lines representing 6 tissue types. Furthermore, the average demethylation at 14q32 locus was 24%, but the global demethylation as determined by LINE-1 retrotransposons was only 7%. We also found LOI in H19, MEST, and PEG3 loci in OS samples, albeit less frequently. LOI at the 14q32 locus is highly prevalent (82.6%, 19 out of 23) only in OS patients with early-onset (12-30 years of age) of the disease. Imprinted genes at 14q32 locus were downregulated in OS due to histone modifications and the locus was controlled by bivalent domain enriched with both K4-3m and K27-3m. We determined the tumor suppressor function of this locus by overexpression of 3 imprinting genes, DLK1, RTL1 or DIO3 in SaoS2 cells. We found that all 3 genes inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. We also tested methylation patterns using matched buccal DNA samples obtained from OS patients and their parents. Interestingly, loss of imprinting at 14q32 locus was found in most of the OS patients and their parents, suggesting that children might be predisposed to developing OS by inheriting the instability of imprinting at this genomic site. To determine if loss of imprinting at 14q32 locus is the driving mechanism, or a secondary genetic event, we evaluated tumor tissues obtained from p53LSLR270H/;Osx-Cre mice OS models. These mice developed OS at 8-12 months (potentially representing the late-onset (> 30yrs) of human OS). LOI was found only in 33% of mice OS samples, which is in agreement with the low rate of LOI detected in late-onset human OS. In conclusion, our findings suggest that LOI at the 14q32 genomic locus is likely a contributing event in the pathogenesis of OS. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4042. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4042
Observation of flies propagation and control in public greenbelt

Objective To learn the encroachment situation of flies in large scale public greenbelt in Hongkou district and explore effective measures for controlling flies.Methods Ultralow volume spraying with Chaomieying No.1 one time for every month according to flies density.Results There were 184 growing places of flies from June to August in large scale public greebelt,in which positive places were 25.The positive rate was 13.59%.The average encroachment rate of flies was 39.16 pieces per box.Spraying lasting for 3 monthes,and 1 d later in every month,the reduce rate of flies were 88.56%,79.22% and 72.44% respectively.Chaomieying No.1 had good efficacy.Conclusion Public greenbelt was both inhabiting place and propagating place for flies.It would control flies effectively with intergrated management and having investigation on density of flies.
Development of Composite Inorganic Building Blocks for MOFs

A general direction for diversifying metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is demonstrated by the synthesis of composite inorganic clusters between indium and s-, d-, and f-block elements. These previously unknown heterometallic clusters, with various nuclearity, geometry, charge, and metal-to-metal ratios, significantly expand the pool of inorganic building blocks that are highly effective for the construction of porous MOFs with high gas uptake capacity.
The Media as an Antidote to Fear

The media is the conduit that allows us to create order in an increasingly complex civilization. It seeks out the information it believes we need to know and processes that information so that it is most accessible and relevant to us. Sometimes, though, in an effort to compete, it substitutes entertainment under the guise of information. Unfortunately, fear catches our attention better than almost any other emotion. The cultivation of fear allows the media to sell advertising so that it can remain competitive.
Do Sentiments Matter in Fraud Detection? Estimating Semantic Orientation of Annual Reports

We present a novel approach for analysing the qualitative content of annual reports. Using natural language processing techniques we determine if sentiment expressed in the text matters in fraud detection. We focus on the Management Discussion and Analysis MD&A section of annual reports because of the nonfactual content present in this section, unlike other components of the annual reports. We measure the sentiment expressed in the text on the dimensions of polarity, subjectivity, and intensity and investigate in depth whether truthful and fraudulent MD&As differ in terms of sentiment polarity, sentiment subjectivity and sentiment intensity. Our results show that fraudulent MD&As on average contain three times more positive sentiment and four times more negative sentiment compared with truthful MD&As. This suggests that use of both positive and negative sentiment is more pronounced in fraudulent MD&As. We further find that, compared with truthful MD&As, fraudulent MD&As contain a greater proportion of subjective content than objective content. This suggests that the use of subjectivity clues such as presence of too many adjectives and adverbs could be an indicator of fraud. Clear cases of fraud show a higher intensity of sentiment exhibited by more use of adverbs in the "adverb modifying adjective" pattern. Based on the results of this study, frequent use of intensifiers, particularly in this pattern, could be another indicator of fraud. Moreover, the dimensions of subjectivity and intensity help in accurately classifying borderline examples of MD&As that are equal in sentiment polarity into fraudulent and truthful categories. When taken together, these findings suggest that fraudulent MD&As in contrast to truthful MD&As contain higher sentiment content. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel, AMR MHD for Global Space Weather Simulations

This paper presents the methodology behind and results of adaptive mesh refinement in global magnetohydrodynamic models of the space environment. Techniques used in solving the governing equations of semi-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) are presented. These techniques include high-resolution upwind schemes, block-based solution-adaptive grids, explicit, implicit and partial-implicit time-stepping, and domain decomposition for parallelization. Recent work done in coupling the MHD model to upper-atmosphere and inner-magnetosphere models is presented, along with results from modeling a solar coronal mass ejection and its interaction with Earth’s magnetosphere.
Digital Video Compression

Publisher Summary This chapter provides applications of spatiotemporal processing in video compression and transmission. At the highest level of abstraction, video coders comprise two classes: interframe and intraframe, based on whether they use statistical dependency between frames or are restricted to using dependencies only within a frame. Three popular intraframe coding methods for video are block DCT, motion M-JPEG, and SWT. Coders that make use of the dependence between or inter frame, include spatiotemporal (3-D) DPCM, basic MC-DCT concepts, MPEG/VCEG video coding, H.26x visual conferencing, and MC-SWT coding. In many applications of video compression the encoder does not know what resolutions, frame rates, and/or qualities (bitrates) are needed at the receivers. Further, in a streaming or broadcast application, different values of these key video parameters may be needed across the communication paths or links. Scalable coders have been advanced to solve this problem without the need for complicated and lossy transcoding.
Series of (2+1)-dimensional stable self-dual interacting conformal field theories

Using the duality between seemingly different (2+1)-dimensional $[(2+1)d]$ conformal field theories (CFT) proposed recently [D. T. Son, Phys. Rev. X 5, 031027 (2015); M. A. Metlitski and A. Vishwanath, Phys. Rev. B 93, 245151 (2016); C. Wang and T. Senthil, Phys. Rev. X 6, 011034 (2015); C. Wang and T. Senthil, Phys. Rev. X 5, 041031 (2015); C. Wang and T. Senthil, Phys. Rev. B 93, 085110 (2016); C. Xu and Y.-Z. You, Phys. Rev. B 92, 220416 (2015); D. F. Mross et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 016802 (2016); A. Karch and D. Tong, arXiv:1606.01893; N. Seiberg et al., arXiv:1606.01989; P.-S. Hsin and N. Seiberg, arXiv:1607.07457], we study a series of $(2+1)d$ stable self-dual interacting CFTs. These CFTs can be realized (for instance) on the boundary of the $3d$ bosonic topological insulator protected by U(1) and time-reversal symmetry $(\mathcal{T})$, and they remain stable as long as these symmetries are preserved. When realized as a boundary system, these CFTs can be driven into anomalous fractional quantum Hall states once $\mathcal{T}$ is broken. We demonstrate that the newly proposed dualities allow us to study these CFTs quantitatively through a controlled calculation, without relying on a large flavor number of matter fields. We also propose a numerical test for our results, which would provide strong evidence for the originally proposed duality between Dirac fermion and QED.
Rescue of the HSC Maintenance Defects in Ku70-Deficient Mice by Overexpression of Bcl2 Reveals a Novel Role of Bcl2 in HSC

Abstract Abstract 1235 Ku70 is a key component of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway; Ku70-deficient mice are hypersensitive to radiation and show a leaky SCID phenotype. We find that HSC from Ku70-deficient mice are severely impaired in maintenance, defective in self-renewal, competitive repopulation and BM hematopoietic niche occupancy. HSCs from Ku70-deficient mice are not prone to spontaneous apoptosis, however, they display more active proliferation, and fewer cells in a quiescent state than HSC obtained from WT mice. Further, gene expression profiling showed that multiple HSC quiescence- related genes such as c-MPL and p57 were significantly downregulated in Ku70-deficient HSCs. These data suggested that loss of quiescence results in the dramatic defect in the maintenance of Ku70-deficient HSC. Bcl2 plays important roles in both anti-apoptosis and anti-proliferation, while the anti-apoptosis function of Bcl2 has been extensively studied and well established in various settings, including HSCs, the anti-proliferation function of Bcl2 in HSC has yet to be investigated. To exam whether overexpression of Bcl2 can rescue the HSC defect in Ku70-deficient mice, H2K-Bcl2 transgenic/Ku70-deficient double mutant mice were generated. Though overexpression of Bcl2 does not rescue the SCID phenotype in Ku70-deficient mice, overexpression of Bcl2 in Ku70-deficient HSCs almost completely rescued the impaired HSC quiescence, repopulation and BM hematopoietic niche occupancy capacities. At the transcriptional level, overexpression of Bcl2 restored the expression of c-MPL and p57 comparable to WT levels. However, additional deletion of Bax, a pro-apoptosis protein in the Bcl2 family, in Ku70-deficient mice could not rescue the HSC repopulation defect, suggesting that apoptosis is not the main mediator for the impaired HSC maintenance in Ku70-deficient mice. Together, our data indicate that the HSC maintenance defect of Ku70-deficient mice is due to the loss of HSC quiescence populations, whereas overexpression of Bcl2 rescues the HSC defect in Ku70-deficient mice by restoration of quiescence. Our study uncovers a novel role of Bcl2 in hematopoietic stem cell quiescence regulation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Remarks on the Bohr-torsion topology of a locally compact Abelian group

Denote by \({{\mathbb {T}}}\)the torus,i.e., the topological group consisting of the complex numbers of modulus 1 under multiplication. Every topological Abelian group (G, t) has associated a weaker topological group topology, denoted by \(t^+\), defined as the weakest topology on G that makes the t-continuous homomorphisms (t-characters) \(\phi : G \rightarrow {{\mathbb {T}}}\) continuous. The topology \(t^+\) is called the Bohr topology on (G, t). Let \({{{\mathfrak {T}}}}\) denote the torsion subgroup of \({{\mathbb {T}}}\). Then the weakest topology that makes the t-characters \(\phi : G \rightarrow {{\mathfrak {T}}}\) continuous is called the Bohr-torsion topology on (G, t) and is denoted by \(t^\oplus \). When t is locally compact, we show that \(t^\oplus \) is Hausdorff if and only if (G, t) is zero dimensional, and if (G, t) is zero dimensional and H is a subgroup of G, then H is t-closed if and only if H is \(t^\oplus \)-closed.
Patch-based multiple view image denoising with occlusion handling

A novel patch-based multi-view image denoising algorithm is proposed. This method leverages the 3D focus image stacks structure to exploit self-similarity and image redundancy inherent in multiple view images. Then a depth-guided adaptive window and dynamic view selection criterion is developed to aid proper selection of most consistent patches for the multi-view image denoising. Extensive experiments have been performed. Comparing the outcomes against those of state of the art image denoising algorithms, our proposed algorithm demonstrates significant performance advantage.
A Review of the Investigations of the Fleischmann-Pons Phenomena

A review of the recent investigations of the Fleischmann-Pons effect (“cold fusion”) is given, A discussion of the proposed theories and models to account for the observations is also given. Sugges...
Conceptualizing the relationship between chronic migraine and episodic migraine.

Migraine is commonly divided into two broad forms, episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM). EM occurs less than 15 days per month and is characterized by attacks of pain and associated sym...
T cell-targeting nanoparticles focus delivery of immunotherapy to improve antitumor immunity

Targeted delivery of compounds to particular cell subsets can enhance therapeutic index by concentrating their action on the cells of interest. Because attempts to target tumors directly have yielded limited benefit, we instead target endogenous immune cell subsets in the circulation that can migrate actively into tumors. We describe antibody-targeted nanoparticles that bind to CD8+ T cells in the blood, lymphoid tissues, and tumors of mice. PD-1+ T cells are successfully targeted in the circulation and tumor. The delivery of an inhibitor of TGFβ signaling to PD-1-expressing cells extends the survival of tumor-bearing mice, whereas free drugs have no effect at such doses. This modular platform also enables PD-1-targeted delivery of a TLR7/8 agonist to the tumor microenvironment, increasing the proportion of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and sensitizing tumors to subsequent anti-PD-1. Targeted delivery of immunotherapy to defined subsets of endogenous leukocytes may be superior to administration of free drugs.
Short chain fatty acids inhibit the expression of the neutrophil chemoattractant, interleukin 8, in the Caco-2 intestinal cell line.

The histologic appearance of active ulcerative colitis includes an intense lymphoplasmocytosis limited to the mucosa and submucosa often notable for a neutrophilic infiltrate invading the colonic epithelium (crypt abscess). Multiple investigators have shown that the colonic epithelium is in a hyperproliferative state with expansion of the proliferative compartment from the lower crypt to the upper crypt extending to the surface epithelium (1,2). This hyperproliferative state is independent of the degree of inflammation and the duration of the disease and exists even when the disease is in a quiescent state (1,2). Similar hyperproliferative states have been observed in patients at risk for colonic malignancy such as in familial polyposis coli, sporadic colon adenomas, and familial nonpolyposis colon cancer (3). An intriguing observation made by Scheppach et al. (4) is that the labeling index of colonocytes in the upper crypt of patients with ulcerative colitis fell to that of normal healthy controls after treatment with butyrate enemas. This suggests that butyrate may fundamentally alter the state of proliferation, and perhaps differentiation, of colonic epithelial cells in ulcerative colitis.
Experimental Effects of Acute Exercise on Episodic Memory Function: Considerations for the Timing of Exercise:

Our previous work employing a between-subject randomized controlled trial design suggests that exercising prior to memory encoding is more advantageous in enhancing retrospective episodic memory fu...
Appropriations of Policies Related to L2 Academic Writing Practices in an Indonesian Efl Teacher Education Program

The current study investigates state and local polices that regulate academic writing and how they are appropriated in an English-as-a- Foreign-Language (EFL) teacher education program in Indonesia. The significance of the current study lies in its affirmation to the notion that policy appropriations are multi-layered. That is, government policies may or may not be translated into local de jure and de facto regulations, and in turn these local policies evolve as they are used and negotiated among colleagues and/or with students. In an attempt to understand the layers of appropriations, interviews with four local instructors were conducted. This research will pave the way for further praxes to provide quality academicwriting instructions, in the light of, or regardless of, the state regulations. Keywords: policy appropriation, second language academic writing, publication, agency
Note-Response

LaValle LaValle, I. H. 1987. Response to 'Use of sample information in stochastic recourse and chance-constrained programming models:' On the 'Bayesability' of CCP's. Management Sci.33 1224-1228. claims that the utility function Uz, F1, ', Fn I have assumed in Jagannathan Jagannathan, R. 1985. Use of sample information in stochastic recourse and chance-constrained programming models. Management Sci.31 96-108. must be linear in F1, and consequently my results pertaining to chance-constrained programming are not valid. In this note, I show through a simple counterexample that LaValle's claim is based on an erroneously stated result.
Alternatives to Violence: An Educational Approach

Violence is learned, no doubt, very easily. For most people It Is a quick study. Much of the history has been the study of segments of violence. Children of this present time not only think that war is inevitable, but also believe it is a solution to problems.
Control Oriented Modeling of Soft Robots: The Polynomial Curvature Case

The complex nature of soft robot dynamics calls for the development of models specifically tailored on the control application. In this letter, we take a first step in this direction by proposing a dynamic model for slender soft robots, taking into account the fully infinite-dimensional dynamical structure of the system. We also contextually introduce a strategy to approximate this model at any level of detail through a finite dimensional system. First, we analyze the main mathematical properties of this model in the case of lightweight and non lightweight soft robots. Then, we prove that using the constant term of curvature as control output produces a minimum phase system, in this way providing the theoretical support that existing curvature control techniques lack, and at the same time opening up to the use of advanced nonlinear control techniques. Finally, we propose a new controller, i.e., the PD-poly, which exploits information on high order deformations, to achieve zero steady state regulation error in presence of gravity and generic nonconstant curvature conditions.
Functional Characteristics of Caffeoyl Shikimate Esterase in Larix Kaempferi and Monolignol Biosynthesis in Gymnosperms

Caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) has been reported to be involved in lignin biosynthesis; however, studies of CSE in gymnosperms are lacking. In this study, CSE was successfully cloned from Larix kaempferi (LkCSE) based on Larix laricina transcriptome screening. LkCSE was likely to have catalytic activity based on homologous sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses of CSEs from different species. In vitro assays with the recombinant enzyme validated the catalytic activity of LkCSE, indicating its function in converting caffeoyl shikimate into caffeate and shikimate. Additionally, the optimum reaction pH and temperature of LkCSE were determined to be 6.0 and 30 °C, respectively. The values of Km and Vmax of CSE for caffeoyl shikimate were 98.11 μM and 14.44 nM min−1, respectively. Moreover, LkCSE was observed to have tissue expression specificity and was abundantly expressed in stems and leaves, especially stems, which was 50 times higher than the expression levels of roots. Lastly, translational fusion assays using LkCSE fused with green fluorescent proteins (GFP) in tobacco leaves indicated that LkCSE was localized in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These results revealed that CSE clearly functions in gymnosperms and it is possible for LkCSE to interact with other ER-resident proteins and regulate mass flux in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway.
Coding: Teaching Old Docs New Tricks

Background: Post graduate curriculums rarely include comprehensive training in billing and coding methodology. Once out of training, this gap in knowledge may lead to missing or incorrect charges and potentially decreased revenue. The weighted average cost of one missing physician charge in our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is $744. Historically, our institution provided physicians with a generic procedural billing code (Proc 99) then certified coders submitted the professional charge based on physician documentation. However, if …
Cognitive Enhancement and Autonomous Vehicles: What Differences in Social and Individual Endorsement Imply.

Among other findings presented by Dinh et al. (2020), the authors conclude that people accept cognitive enhancement (CE) more readily when it is used by others than by themselves. In fact, in study...
Assessing Physician Assistant Student Electronic Health Record Competency Using an Objective Structured Clinical Examination.

PURPOSE Evaluate didactic year physician assistant (PA) student competency in electronic health record (EHR) communication and data management. METHODS This study used an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) to measure PA students' EHR patient communication and data skills. RESULTS Most students demonstrated good EHR communication skills overall, while few students moved the computer to better facilitate the visit or verified the patient's identity. Additionally, few students demonstrated EHR data skills by reviewing patient history and medications. CONCLUSIONS Utilizing an OSCE to assess EHR competence can highlight areas for curricular improvement in order to improve EHR skills.
Optical Focusing-based Adaptive Modulation for Optoacoustic Communication

Wireless communication from air to underwater is a longstanding challenge that can be addressed by the optoacoustic process. We can directly transmit data to underwater submerged nodes from the air with proper modulation technique by varying basic laser parameters, e.g., laser focusing angle from air to water. Laser-induced underwater plasma volume and shape are important because the duration and directivity of the generated acoustic pulses depend on these. Non-spherical shaped plasma generates anisotropic acoustic pressure; thus it is difficult to communicate from air to an unknown positioned underwater node. In this paper, we analyze how to control the shape of the plasma and propose an optical focusing-based adaptive modulation (OFAM) technique that enables transmission to underwater nodes even if the node’s position is unknown. Bit error rates (BER) for different underwater node positions are analyzed, and the BER performance is compared with a lower pulse energy laser. Our results indicate that the performance is better if the underwater node position is in the direction of the laser beam, also when the laser focusing angle varies the most and a higher energy laser is used.
Effects of a Culturally Adapted Social-Emotional Learning Intervention Program on Students' Mental Health.

Student self-reports of resiliency and social-emotional internalizing problems were examined to determine intervention effects of a culturally adapted social and emotional learning (SEL) program. Data were analyzed from 20 culturally and linguistically diverse high school students who participated in a school-based 12-lesson SEL intervention and completed all data points (full pre, post, and follow-up). Participants were in grades 9 and 10 and included 16 male students. Students’ self reports of resiliency and internalizing symptoms were assessed before intervention, immediately after intervention, and at 2 months following the intervention. Statistically significant gains in self-reported resiliency immediately after intervention were obtained; furthermore, these gains in resiliency were maintained 2 months after the intervention. Reductions in students’ self-reported internalizing problems were not observed. Student reports of social validity suggest high levels of intervention acceptability and relevance for use with culturally and linguistic diverse high school students.
Periodontal Disease and the Oral Microbiome in Minority Populations

It is known that several oral infections have a strong ethnic predilection. Evidence is emerging that periodontitis, the sixth most prevalent disease in the world, has a definite ethnic distributio...
Intensity scaling of an optically pumped potassium laser

Abstract A pulsed, optically pumped potassium laser has been demonstrated with output intensity exceeding 7 MW/cm 2 . By using a surrogate pump, heat pipe gain cell, and helium pressure of 2500 Torr, the intensity of Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPAL) has been increased by a factor of 38. Bottlenecking due to slow fine structure mixing can be avoided without hydrocarbon buffer gases with as many as 375 lasing photons obtained per potassium atom following a 7.4 ns pump pulse. A slope efficiency of 9.4% is achieved and primarily limited by a mismatch between pumped and cavity mode volumes. Laser performance is well described by a three-level, longitudinally averaged model without ionization.
Mechanisms of exogenous antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules in vitro and in vivo: implications for generating CD8+ T cell responses to infectious agents, tumors, transplants, and vaccines.

Publisher Summary Most cell types in the body constitutively express class I molecules that present thousands of distinct peptides from a diverse array of housekeeping and differentiation-specific cellular proteins. Under normal circumstances, these peptides fail to activate TCD8+ either because of the absence of TCD8+ bearing a complementary T cell receptor (TCR) or the silencing of such autoreactive TCD8+ in the thymus or periphery. The MHC class I system evolves to identify cells bearing foreign peptides that in the natural world derive from infectious agents—primarily viruses and a number of medically important prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The vast majority of peptides constitutively presented by class I molecules derive from proteins synthesized by the cell's own ribosomes. Polypeptides that provide these peptides are referred to as “endogenous” antigens, whereas polypeptides derived from all other sources are termed “exogenous” antigens. The chapter concludes by posing questions, the answers of which seem most important for achieving a basic understanding of exogenous antigen presentation in vitro and in vivo and assumes that this knowledge could have important practical applications, particularly in the area of vaccine development.
A neural network for learning domain rules with precision

To discover underlying domain regularities or rules has been a major long-term goal for scientific research (knowledge discovery) and engineering application (problem solving). However, when the domain rules get complex, current machine learning programs learn only approximate rather than true domain rules from a limited amount of observed data. This paper presents a new neural-network-based system which is intended for discovering precisely the domain rules with neither false positives nor false negatives. In a performance study, this system is ten times more accurate than the most well-known rule-learning system, C4.5, in terms of the rate of false rules induced from the data.
The Review of Real Estate Appraisals Using Multiple Regression Analysis

A technique is presented that enables review appraisers to test the work of other appraisers. The technique is based upon the simple assumption that the covariance between the adjusted selling pric...
Divergent homeo box proteins recognize similar DNA sequences in Drosophila.

A member of a small group of genes in Drosophila that define the segmentation pattern of the early embryo1–5 even-skipped (eve), which plays a key role in a network of interactions among segmentation genes. It appears to control morphogenesis by regulating the expression of the segmentation gene engrailed (en)3,4, and by autoregulating its own expression (M. Frasch and M.L., in preparation). Here we show that these regulatory interactions could occur at the level of transcription as a full-length eve protein binds with high affinity to specific sequences located near the 5' ends of the eve and en genes. The en binding sites contain at least one copy of a 10-base pair consensus sequence: T-C-A-A-T-T-A-A-A-T. In contrast, the 5' eve binding sites are relatively G-C rich and do not share obvious similarities with the 10-base pair consensus sequence associated with en. Other homeo box proteins can recognize both classes of eve binding sites, lending support to the proposal that regulatory interactions among homeo box genes involve a competition of different homeo box proteins for similar cis regulatory sequences6,7.
Parent Involvement in an Alternative School for Students at Risk of Educational Failure

This case study contributes to a small but growing literature on alternative schools for at-risk students. Previous studies have been strong on participant narrative and advice for stakeholders, but have lacked theoretical and historical contextualization and are unlikely to have much impact on school policy. The present study focuses on the efforts of teachers and parents to build and sustain a successful remedial school for elementary and middle school students. It is argued that school districts should establish remedial schools, as they have other alternative schools, on a permanent basis. The case study also contributes to the much larger body of literature on parent involvement in schools. The study shows how middle-class White teachers and African American and urban Appalachian parents overcame barriers associated with socioeconomic class and ethnicity and became partners in building a home-school learning community that helped at-risk students prepare themselves for a more promising future.
Why study group therapy

Group therapy training is highly valuable for the overall professional practice of psychotherapy. Learning to be a group therapist means learning about shame, resistance, fears of engulfment and abandonment, maintaining a self in relation to others, promoting empathic connection, strong affects in the moment, multiple experiences of the same interaction or event, and group dynamics. These concepts are highly relevant to all clinical work and other aspects of professional life. Training in group therapy should place greater emphasis on its broader applicability.
Harmonic functions on Hilbert space

Abstract We consider generalized solutions of the equation Δu = 0 where Δ denotes the Laplace differential operator for a real separable Hilbert space. Diffusion processes on abstract Wiener spaces have been used to define such solutions. We give a potential-theoretic characterization of these solutions. Also, differentiability properties are established.
Cervical MRI. Part I: a basic overview

Abstract This article provides a brief overview of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine for the clinician. A basic review of MRI physics is followed by a discussion of the most common imaging sequences. The indications for contrast are outlined along with contraindications. Finally, a review of cervical spine anatomy is correlated with annotated images.
The brain is the central organ of stress and adaptation.

Experience tells us that the social and physical environments in which people live and work have a huge effect upon psychological states. The nature of these environments also affects physical and mental health and risk for disease. Yet the scientific study of this important topic has been frustrated and fragmented by disciplinary boundaries between such fields as environmental toxicology, social psychology, sociology, health psychology, economics, epidemiology, psychiatry and medicine. As a result, only some of the considerable knowledge has penetrated, albeit inconsistently, into the mainline of medical teaching and practice, and neuroscience has been largely out of the picture until recently. As a result, a coherent conceptual framework has been missing, because the brain has not been fully recognized as playing a central role in physiological adaptation and the effects of stress, as well as being a target of stress and related behaviors (McEwen, 2007).
US protection of underwater cultural heritage beyond the territorial sea : problems and prospects

Current US treatment of underwater cultural heritage beyond the territorial sea is analysed in light of Law of the Sea principles and the UNESCO Draft Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage.
Fatal re-expansion pulmonary edema associated with increased lung IL-8 levels following high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant

Re-expansion pulmonary edema (REPE) leading to hypoxic respiratory failure and death occurred following a unilateral low-volume (750 ml) thoracentesis in a young patient 8 days after high-dose chemoth
Mucous Membrane Immunity to Pneumococci in Rabbits

Hope for the future in the prevention of pneumococcus pneumonia probably depends on the production of a suitable antigen, and definite knowledge concerning the best method for its administration. Much work with this idea in view already has been done. That pneumococci could be recovered from the deepest parts of the lungs of mice as long as 18 hours after they had been sprayed with a pneumococcus culture was demonstrated by Wherry and Butterfield.1 It was also noticed that although a virulent culture of pneumococcus was used, none of 29 mice which were permitted to live following the inhalations became infected. Stillman 2 obtained similar results and in addition chilled his mice
Spoilage Bacteria of Fresh Broiler Chicken Carcasses

Studies were conducted to identify the bacteria responsible for spoilage of fresh broiler chicken carcasses and to characterize the off-odors these bacteria produce. Broiler carcasses were collected from processing plants in the northeast Georgia area, the southeastern U.S., Arkansas, California, and North Carolina. The carcasses were allowed to spoil under controlled conditions at 3 C and spoilage bacteria were isolated. Each spoilage bacterium was separately inoculated into a sterile chicken skin medium, incubated at 25 C for 48 h, and subjectively evaluated for odor. The bacteria isolated from spoiled carcasses that consistently produced off-odors in the chicken skin medium, regardless of the geographical location from which the chickens were obtained, were Shewanella putrefaciens A, B, and D, Pseudomonas fluorescens A, B, and D, and Pseudomonas fragi. These bacteria produced off-odors that resembled "sulfur", "dishrag", "ammonia", "wet dog", "skunk", "dirty socks", "rancid fish", "unspecified bad odor", or a sweet smell resembling "canned corn". Odors produced by the spoilage bacteria were varied; however, odors most associated with spoiled poultry, such as "dishraggy" odors, were produced by the bacteria that were most consistently isolated, such as S. putrefaciens and the pseudomonads.