cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alpha-fetoprotein in tumor-bearing mice assayed by particle agglutination inhibition

Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in hepatoma BW7756-bearing mice was measured by a new particle agglutination inhibition test employing AFP adsorbed to charcoal particles. The AFP levels and tumor weights showed nearly parallel increases to means of 2633 μg/ml and 5.2 g, respectively, 28 days after implantation. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A2025089 00011
The medium can obscure the message: young children's understanding of video.

In the first few years of life, children acquire a great deal of general information through symbolic media, including television. Here we explored whether very young children would use information presented via video to solve a retrieval problem. The children watched on a monitor as a toy was hidden in the room next door. A group of 21/2-year-olds was very successful at finding the hidden toy based on the televised hiding event, but a group of 2-year-olds was not. Substantially better performance was achieved by other 2-year-olds who either watched the hiding event directly through a window or who believed they were watching directly (but were in fact looking at the monitor through the window). These results (like those from other symbolic media such as models and pictures) indicate that very young children have difficulty using a symbolic representation as a source of information about an existing situation.
Pleiotropic defects in lymphocyte activation caused by caspase-8 mutations lead to human immunodeficiency

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is controlled by aspartate-specific cysteine proteases called caspases. In the immune system, apoptosis counters the proliferation of lymphocytes to achieve a homeostatic balance, which allows potent responses to pathogens but avoids autoimmunity. The CD95 (Fas, Apo-1) receptor triggers lymphocyte apoptosis by recruiting Fas-associated death domain (FADD), caspase-8 and caspase-10 proteins into a death-inducing signalling complex. Heterozygous mutations in CD95, CD95 ligand or caspase-10 underlie most cases of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), a human disorder that is characterized by defective lymphocyte apoptosis, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and autoimmunity. Mutations in caspase-8 have not been described in ALPS, and homozygous caspase-8 deficiency causes embryonic lethality in mice. Here we describe a human kindred with an inherited genetic deficiency of caspase-8. Homozygous individuals manifest defective lymphocyte apoptosis and homeostasis but, unlike individuals affected with ALPS, also have defects in their activation of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and natural killer cells, which leads to immunodeficiency. Thus, caspase-8 deficiency in humans is compatible with normal development and shows that caspase-8 has a postnatal role in immune activation of naive lymphocytes.
ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR OF HEPATIC GLUCOKINASE IN THE ALLOXAN-DIABETIC RAT.

Adult, male, normal and alloxan-diabetic rats were first fasted and then fed a 60% glucose-containing diet for 24 hours. Glucokinase activity was determined by a spectrophotometric method in the particle-free, supernatant fraction prepared from their livers. Increases in glucokinase activity with feeding of the high-glucose diet were readily demonstrable in the livers of normal rats, but this response was greatly diminished in the alloxan-diabetic rats. The suggestion is made that insulin is necessary for the adaptive response of glucokinase to dietary glucose.
Enhanced plasmid DNA transfection with lysosomotropic agents in cultured fibroblasts

Abstract Transfer of plasmid DNA into mammalian cells has posed major challenges for gene therapy. Most non-viral vectors are known to internalize in the cells by endocytosis. Therefore, low transfection efficiency of non-viral vectors may be due to intracellular degradation of input DNA in the endosomes and/or lysosomes. DNA degradation can be inhibited either by inactivating the lysosomal enzymes or obliterating endosome fusion to lysosomes using lysosomotropic agents. We report here the effects of individual lysosomotropic agents such as chloroquine, polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) and sucrose on β-gal expression in cultured fibroblasts COS, 293 and CHO. Cell viability was influenced by type, exposure time and concentration of lysosomotropic agents. Exposure to chloroquine at high concentration (1000 μM) or more than 4 h at any concentration (10–1000 microM) caused extensive cell death, however, cytotoxicity due to sucrose (5–500 mM) and PVP (0.01–1 mg/ml) was minimal in the cell lines tested. All the agents utilized in this study enhanced the gene expression and the transfection efficiency followed the order of sucrose>chloroquine>PVP at the concentrations used in all cell lines. Results suggest that lysosomotropic agents can enhance transfection efficiency but the degree of transgene expression may be cell- and agent-specific. Of the agents studied, sucrose appears to be an attractive agent in improving gene expression without toxic effect in the cultured fibroblasts. Thus, it can be used as an excipient in the formulation of new gene delivery systems.
Learning: Neuronal dynamics and perceptual learning

Perceptual learning is accompanied by changes in the properties of individual neurons and in the functional cortical architecture; these are observed in a number of cortical areas, over short and long time scales.
An Early Map and the Cadastral Survey of St. Croix, Danish West Indies 1734-41 / A Cartographic Cul-de-sac

In 1733, the Danish West India and Guinea Company, in which the upper levels of Danish politics and commerce were involved, purchased the Caribbean island of St. Croix. The Company was for a surprising time unable to marshall the cartographic and organizational expertise and resources needed to make satisfactory maps of its important new colonial acquisition. One result was a drastic discrepancy between the actual area of the island and calculated returns from land revenues. The communication between colony and metropolis reached a cartographic impasse when the Danish colonial authorities ordered the superimposition of the emerging cadastral pattern on a quite materially inaccurate 17th-century base map - an impossible undertaking. L'Ile de Sainte-Croix, dans les Antilles, fut achetee en 1733 par la Compagnie danoise de l'Inde occidentale et de la Guinee, dans laquelle etaient impliquees les plus hautes couches de la politique et du commerce danois. La Compagnie fut, pour une periode surprenante, incapabl...
Does Six Sigma Improve Performance

﻿[This abstract is based on the author’s abstract.] The study shows that long-term financial and operational results from the implementation of Six Sigma programs were mixed. A significant effect was found on free cash flow, earnings before interest, t..
The effects of varying periods of uninsurance on children's access to health care.

OBJECTIVE. Many studies have documented the adverse consequences of uninsurance for children, but less is known about the differential effects of varying periods of uninsurance. This study examines the relative effects of varying periods of uninsurance (uninsured for 1–4 months, 5–11 months, or all year) on children9s access to care. METHODS. Using data from the 2005 California Health Interview Survey Children9s File (ages 0–11), we estimated logistic regressions to examine the effect of insurance status on 6 measures of health care access, controlling for child demographics, child health status, family characteristics, and urban residence. Indicators for insurance status included the following categories: (1) privately insured all year (reference); (2) Medicaid all year; (3) State Children9s Health Insurance Program all year; (4) uninsured for 1 to 4 months; (5) uninsured for 5 to 11 months; (6) uninsured all year; and (7) other insurance all year. RESULTS. We found that children who experience short spells of uninsurance (1–4 months) are less likely to have a usual source of care and are more likely to experience delays in needed care than those with continuous private or public insurance. The consequences are even worse for children who experience more substantial periods of uninsurance, because they are also less likely to receive preventive care (well-child visits and flu shots) or visit the doctor during the year and are more likely to experience delays in receiving needed medical care and prescriptions than those with continuous coverage. The Medicaid program and State Children9s Health Insurance Program in California both seem to have ensured levels of health care access similar to that obtained by children with year-round private coverage. CONCLUSIONS. These findings highlight the benefits gained through continuous health insurance, whether public or private. Public policies should be adopted to ensure continuity of coverage and retention in public insurance programs.
FGF-23 and cognitive performance in hemodialysis patients

Although cognitive impairment is common in hemodialysis patients, the etiology of and risk factors for its development remain unclear. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) levels are elevated in hemodialysis patients and are associated with increased mortality and left ventricular hypertrophy. Despite FGF-23 being found within the brain, there are no prior studies assessing whether FGF-23 levels are associated with cognitive performance. We measured FGF-23 in 263 prevalent hemodialysis patients in whom comprehensive neurocognitive testing was also performed. The cross-sectional association between patient characteristics and FGF-23 levels was assessed. Principal factor analysis was used to derive two factors from cognitive test scores, representing memory and executive function, which carried a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. Multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, sex, education status, and other relevant covariates was used to explore the relationship between FGF-23 and each factor. Mean age was 63 years, 46% were women and 22% were African American. The median FGF-23 level was 3098 RU/mL. Younger age, lower prevalence of diabetes, longer dialysis vintage, and higher calcium and phosphorus were independently associated with higher FGF-23 levels. Higher FGF-23 was independently associated with a lower memory score (per doubling of FGF-23, β = −0.08 SD [95% confidence interval, CI: −0.16, −0.01]) and highest quartile vs. lowest quartile (β = −0.42 SD [−0.82, −0.02]). There was no definite association of FGF 23 with executive function when examined as a continuous variable (β = −0.03 SD [−0.10, 0.04]); however, there was a trend in the quartile analysis (β = −0.28 SD [−0.63, 0.07], P = 0.13, for 4th quartile vs. 1st quartile). FGF-23 was associated with worse performance on a composite memory score, including after adjustment for measures of mineral metabolism. High FGF-23 levels in hemodialysis patients may contribute to cognitive impairment.
Towards Developing Generation Algorithms for Text-to-Text Applications

We describe a new sentence realization framework for text-to-text applications. This framework uses IDL-expressions as a representation formalism, and a generation mechanism based on algorithms for intersecting IDL-expressions with probabilistic language models. We present both theoretical and empirical results concerning the correctness and efficiency of these algorithms.
Group Anomaly Detection using Flexible Genre Models

An important task in exploring and analyzing real-world data sets is to detect unusual and interesting phenomena. In this paper, we study the group anomaly detection problem. Unlike traditional anomaly detection research that focuses on data points, our goal is to discover anomalous aggregated behaviors of groups of points. For this purpose, we propose the Flexible Genre Model (FGM). FGM is designed to characterize data groups at both the point level and the group level so as to detect various types of group anomalies. We evaluate the effectiveness of FGM on both synthetic and real data sets including images and turbulence data, and show that it is superior to existing approaches in detecting group anomalies.
On fault probabilities and yield models for analog VLSI neural networks

Investigates the estimation of fault probabilities and yield for analog VLSI implementations of neural computation. The analysis is limited to structures that can be mapped directly onto silicon as truly distributed parallel processing systems. The work improves on the framework suggested recently by Feltham and Maly (1991) and is also applicable to analog or mixed analog/digital VLSI systems. >
Angular momentum primitives for human turning: Control implications for biped robots

Human locomotion involves a number of different complex activities. Humanoid robots, if they are expected to work in a human environment, should be expected to navigate obstacles and transients as well as, or better than a human being. Turning is one aspect of human walking that is poorly understood from the perspective of biomechanics and robotics. It is an important task comprising a large percentage of daily activities through most human environments. During turning the body is subjected to torques that the leave the body unstable. By understanding the contributions of the spin angular momentum about the center of mass we can gain insight on how to design better controllers for bipedal robots. There are several different types of turning; using alternate legs as the stance leg to accomplish the turn and then recover and also, turning can be a steady-state phenomena as well as a more transient behavior depending on speed. The contributions of spin angular momentum to the center of mass is considered in the case of a spin-turn where the inside foot pivots and the opposite foot the direction of the turn returns the body to level ground walking. Motivations for control of human walking bipeds are discussed. Further, a theory is developed that turning is dominated by contributions from the swing leg producing angular momentum about the body during the turn.
Highly efficient and linear level shifting digital LINC transmitter with a phase offset cancellation

In this paper, a novel level shifting digital linear amplifier with nonlinear components (LINC) transmitter for OFDM system is presented. By using a multi-level switched power supply, the final power added efficiency is significantly improved compared to a conventional LINC amplifier. Moreover, with digital phase offset cancellation scheme, the transmitter has a good linearity as well. This work was verified by ADS simulation with standard 0.18μm CMOS Technology.
Identification of in Vivo mRNA Decay Intermediates Corresponding to Sites of in Vitro Cleavage by Polysomal Ribonuclease 1

Abstract Previous work from this laboratory identified a polysome-associated endonuclease whose activation by estrogen correlates with the coordinate destabilization of serum protein mRNAs. This enzyme, named polysomal ribonuclease 1, or PMR-1, is a novel member of the peroxidase gene family. A characteristic feature of PMR-1 is its ability to generate in vitro degradation intermediates by cleaving within overlapping APyrUGA elements in the 5′-coding region of albumin mRNA. The current study sought to determine whether the in vivo destabilization of albumin mRNA following estrogen administration involves the generation of decay intermediates that could be identified as products of PMR-1 cleavage. A sensitive ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction technique was developed to identify labile decay intermediates, and its validity in identifying PMR-1-generated decay intermediates of albumin mRNA was confirmed by primer extension experiments performed with liver RNA that was isolated from estrogen-treated frogs or digestedin vitro with the purified endonuclease. Ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction was also used to identify decay intermediates from the 3′-end of albumin mRNA, and as a final proof of principle it was employed to identify in vivo decay intermediates of the c-myc coding region instability determinant corresponding to sites of in vitro cleavage by a polysome-associated endonuclease.
Fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients: a review of indices used in intensive care

Objective In mechanically ventilated patients the indices which assess preload are used with increasing frequency to predict the hemodynamic response to volume expansion. We discuss the clinical utility and accuracy of some indices which were tested as bedside indicators of preload reserve and fluid responsiveness in hypotensive patients under positive pressure ventilation.
Occurrence of potential cruciform and H-DNA forming sequences in genomic DNA.

We have used computer-assisted methods to search large amounts of the human, yeast and Escherichia coli genomes for inverted repeat (IR) and mirror repeat (MR) DNA sequence patterns. In highly supercoiled DNA some IRs can form cruciforms, while some MRs can form intramolecular triplexes, or H-DNA. We find that total IR and MR sequences are highly enriched in both eukaryotic genomes. In E. coli, however, only total IRs are enriched, while total MRs only occur as frequently as in random sequence DNA. We then used a set of experimentally derived criteria to predict which of the total IRs and MRs are most likely to form cruciforms or H-DNA in supercoiled DNA. We show that strong cruciform forming sequences occur at a relatively high frequency in yeast (1/19 700 bp) and humans (1/41 800 bp), but that H-DNA forming sequences are abundant only in humans (1/49 400 bp). Strong cruciform and H-DNA forming sequences are not abundant in the E.coli genome. These results suggest that cruciforms and H-DNA may have a functional role in eukaryotes, but probably not prokaryotes.
Exploring Wives' Sense of Fairness About Family Work An Initial Test of the Distributive Justice Framework

This study was designed to test empirically the value of the distributive justice framework in terms of understanding wives' sense of fairness about the division of family work, as recommended by Thompson. Operationalizations of many of the social-psychological cognitions suggested by the framework are presented. In a sample of 234 dual-earner wives randomly selected from metropolitan areas of the western United States, there was qualified support for the framework. Feelings of appreciation were the strongest predictor of fairness. Deciding together how things would be divided was also a strong predictor. Other effects on fairness were indirect, however; they affected the division of family work, which, in turn, influenced wives' sense of fairness. More psychometric work will be needed, and replication with different samples is necessary, but the distributive justice framework appears to have significant merit for understanding wives' perceptions of fairness about family work.
Differential Bacteriophage Mortality on Exposure to Copper

Many studies report that copper can be used to control microbial growth, including that of viruses. We determined the rates of copper-mediated inactivation for a wide range of bacteriophages. We used two methods to test the effect of copper on bacteriophage survival. One method involved placing small volumes of bacteriophage lysate on copper and stainless steel coupons. Following exposure, metal coupons were rinsed with lysogeny broth, and the resulting fluid was serially diluted and plated on agar with the corresponding bacterial host. The second method involved adding copper sulfate (CuSO4) to bacteriophage lysates to a final concentration of 5 mM. Aliquots were removed from the mixture, serially diluted, and plated with the appropriate bacterial host. Significant mortality was observed among the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) bacteriophages 6 and 8, the single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) bacteriophage PP7, the ssDNA bacteriophage X174, and the dsDNA bacteriophage PM2. However, the dsDNA bacteriophages PRD1, T4, and were relatively unaffected by copper. Interestingly, lipid-containing bacteriophages were most susceptible to copper toxicity. In addition, in the first experimental method, the pattern of bacteriophage 6 survival over time showed a plateau in mortality after lysates dried out. This finding suggests that copper’s effect on bacteriophage is mediated by the presence of water.
Time to share

In the following a brief commentary is given on a new European project that aims to provide the European countries with recommendations for the care of children and yound adults with rheumatic diseases. These recommendations will be based on surveys sent to PRINTO members and systematic literature reviews. Surveys on current local standard of care and best practice will be send to PRINTO members in EU member states. The success of this project largely largely depends on information provided by individual centers from our existing PRINTO and PReS networks. We would therefore like to ask your collaboration in completing and returning these surveys which will be circulated March April 2013.
Controlling the Bureaucracy among the States An Examination of Administrative, Executive, and Legislative Attitudes

This article examines the attitudes of state administrators, executives, and legislators toward proposals for controlling the bureaucracy. Respondents were queried in regard to executive control, pluralism, professionalism, and representative bureaucracy. While a self-interest thesis is to some extent present (preference linkages between administrators and professionalism, executives and executive control, and legislators and pluralism), it is neither exclusive nor overwhelming. Governmental elites show a great deal of uniformity in their attitudes toward the various approaches suggested for controlling the bureaucracy. Occupational and political characteristics appear to possess relatively little explanatory power with regard to these administrative matters.
Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanorod Arrays Coated with $\hbox{SnO}_{\bf 2}$ /Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive and Selective Gas Detection

Mimicking the biological olfactory receptor array that possesses large surface area for molecule capture, vertically aligned ZnO nanowire arrays, used as structural templates, were coated with SnO2/noble metal nanoparticles as active materials for fabrication of 3-D gas sensors. The gas sensors showed room-temperature responses to environmental toxic gases, such as NO2 and H2S, down to ppb level, which can be attributed to the large surface area of their 3D structure and catalytic behaviors of noble metals. A sensor array composed of three sensors with the different noble metals decoration (Pd, Pt, and Au) has shown capability to discriminate five different gases (H2S, NO2, NH3, H2, and CO) when using principal component analysis (PCA) incorporated the response speed as a discrimination factor. This study demonstrates a rational strategy to prepare sensing devices with 3-D structures for selective detection, which can be readily extended to other sensing materials that can be hardly grown as 3-D nanowire arrays.
Event coverage in theme parks using wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks

Theme parks are large crowded areas with unique characteristics in terms of movement behavior of visitors, attractions in different locations and walking paths connecting the attractions. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with mobile sinks can be used for various purposes including security and emergency issues as major challenges in such environments. Modeling of human mobility in theme parks allows us to consider scenario-specific applications of WSNs in these entertainment areas for event coverage purposes. In this paper, we propose a WSN model with mobile sinks and provide a novel approach to cover the events occurring in the environment. Furthermore, we propose new strategies for mobile sink positioning and event handling decision problems. We evaluate the benefits of our approach through extensive simulations using two sophisticated human mobility models for visitor movement.
Capillary hemangioma of the cauda equina.

Sir, We read with great interest, the recent review about capillary hemangiomas of cauda equina published by Liu et al.[2] Reviewing this article and the pertinent literature we noted that no intraoperative picture of a capillary hemangioma of cauda equina has ever been published until now. A 45-year-old woman with 2 years history of low-back pain was recently admitted to our department. On admission, neurological exam was negative. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging showed a space occupying lesion at L2 level displacing the cauda equina roots [Figure 1]. She was then submitted, under neurophysiological monitoring, to surgery for tumor removal. After an L1–L2 laminotomy and opening of dura mater, the lesion was identified [Figure ​[Figure2a2a and ​andb].b]. The lesion appeared easily detachable from the healthy nerve roots. Thus, after dissection, the pathological nerve root was cut proximally and distally allowing the total removal of the lesion [Figure ​[Figure2c2c and ​andd].d]. Microscopically, the lesion was composed of many thin-walled vascular channels, lined by endothelial cells with interposed nerve fibers [Figure 3]. Thus, a diagnosis of nervous capillary hemangioma was made. Postoperatively the patient complained of mild hyposthenia in left leg, totally recovered at 3 months follow-up. Figure 1 Sagittal (a) and axial (b) postcontrast T1-weighted spinal magnetic resonance imaging showing a well-circumscribed lesion at L2 level with intense enhancement after gadolinium administration Figure 2 Intraoperative view of lesion. The lesion appeared as a white reddish elliptical-nodular lesion intimately involved with the nerve root displacing the cauda equina (a) Enlarged vessels were also evident along the nerve root (b, white arrow). After dissecting ... Figure 3 Histological picture (a) of the surgical specimen shows many, variably sized, thin-walled vascular channels lined by endothelial cells with interposed nerve fibers (black arrows) (H and E, original magnification ×20). Immunohistochemical staining ... To our knowledge, we report the first intraoperative picture of a capillary hemangioma of cauda equina. Only a few cases of capillary hemangiomas have been reported at cauda equina.[1,2] Histopathological examination is needed for diagnosis. Typical features are the presence of a myriad of small capillary sized vessels, reticularly arranged with normal nerve fascicles dispersed within the nodules of clustered capillaries.[3,4,5] Our picture confirms that, according with the microscopically examination, this tumor arises and develops intrinsically to the nerve root. Surgery is the therapy of choice, but a total removal is possible only cutting (cranially and caudally to the tumor) the pathological nerve root.
Rawls and Global Justice

This Bible quotation can be understood as a rudimentary conception of personal morality, affirming that the moral assessment of your (anyone’s) life depends, in part, upon your conduct toward your least fortunate neighbors. But a conception of personal morality does not capture all that matters morally about our lives - we must also consider our social institutions. These may be morally flawed; for example, they may define positions of utter dependence (for slaves, serfs, and women, in some historical societies). And such flaws are not natural or necessary. Social institutions are created, perpetuated, and changed by human beings, who may then bear some responsibility for such flaws. Thus morality may demand more than to treat the oppressed with kindness and charity: It may require efforts toward institutional reform. And such a requirement presupposes a further moral conception: for the assessment of social institutions.
Teaching and Learning with Collections: The Library as a Site for Exploration and Inspiration

The library is commonly seen as a site for information seeking and directed research, yet it may also serve as a site for exploration and inspiration. The library as Wunderkammer, or a cabinet of curiosities, explored through the senses, is not a new idea, but one that is commonly lost in today's disembodied digital universe. Library architecture sometimes promotes this identity. But when libraries are mute, and librarians are focused on information competencies, how do students come to perceive the library as a site of exploration and inspiration? Carnegie Mellon University's Arts Library and Special Collections Department believes that teaching and learning with rare and unique collections—and sometimes even with circulating collections—addresses this question and has special application to the education of arts students. A number of case studies with architecture students are presented in this article.
A phase I clinical trial of FOLFIRI in combination with the pancyclin–dependentkinase (CDK) inhibitor flavopiridol

e14511 Background: Preclinical data indicate that sequential treatment with flavopiridol (F) increases irinotecan- and 5-FU-induced apoptosis. Clinically, F showed promising activity when combined ...
Examination of Nanoparticle–DNA Binding Characteristics Using Single-Molecule Imaging Atomic Force Microscopy

Understanding the characteristics of nanoparticle (NP)-to-DNA binding is important for the rational design of functionalized NPs to use in biomedical applications as well as for the toxicological assessment of NPs. In this study we employed a single-molecule imaging technique, atomic force microscopy (AFM), to determine the characteristics of NP-to-DNA binding, including the binding kinetics, isotherm, and specificity. We demonstrated the capability of this AFM-based approach using quantum dots (QDs) as a model NP. The binding kinetics and binding isotherm of QDs to DNA were investigated by examining a large number of single DNA molecules after exposure to QDs using AFM; the models that we developed fit the experimental results well. According to the binding kinetics model, the average number of bound QDs per DNA molecule at equilibrium is approximately five, and the binding rate constant is approximately 0.35 s–1. Furthermore, from the binding isotherm, the equilibrium binding constant and maximum number...
A class of Frobenius groups

If a group contains two subgroups A and B such that every element of the group is either in A or can be represented uniquely in the form aba', a, a’ in A, b ≠ 1 in B, we shall call the group an independent ABA-group. In this paper we shall investigate the structure of independent ABA -groups of finite order. A simple example of such a group is the group G of one-dimensional affine transformations over a finite field K. In fact, if we denote by a the transformation x’ = ωx, where ω is a primitive element of K, and by b the transformation x’ = —x + 1, it is easy to see that G is an independent ABA -group with respect to the cyclic subgroups A, B generated by a and b respectively. Since G admits a faithful representation on m letters (m = number of elements in K) as a transitive permutation group in which no permutation other than the identity leaves two letters fixed, and in which there is at least one permutation leaving exactly one letter fixed, G is an example of a Frobenius group.
Effects of Trimethoprim and Sulfisoxazole Alone and in Combination on Murine Toxoplasmosis

Trimethoprim and sulfisoxazole, alone and in combination, were administered in drinking water or by injection to mice inoculated with Toxoplasma gondii (RH strain). The toxoplasma infections were unaffected by any of the treatment schedules. On the basis of these experiences, it would appear that trimethoprim and sulfisoxazole, alone or in combination, are inappropriate for the treatment of human toxoplasmosis.
What is Big Data and Why is it Important

Big Data Analytics is a topic fraught with both positive and negative potential. Big Data is defined not just by the amount of information involved but also its variety and complexity, as well as t...
Predictors of biospecimen donation in the Black Women's Health Study.

Although African-Americans experience higher cancer morbidity and mortality rates compared to their White counterparts, their participation in biospecimen research is lower than that of their white peers. This study investigated the prevalence and predictors of biospecimen donation in a large, cohort study of Black women. The BWHS is a follow-up study of U.S. Black women aged 21–69 years enrolled through postal health questionnaires. Between January 2004 and December 2007, participants were sent a consent form with a postage-paid return envelope, and a mouthwash collection kit. Univariate and age- and educational status-adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of socio-demographic, lifestyle and medical factors with donation of biospecimens. Buccal cells with consent forms were obtained from 26,790 women, for a response rate of 51 %. The strongest predictors of biospecimen donation were age: response increased from 48.6 % among those aged <40 to 63.1 % among those aged 60 and older [RR 1.30 (95 % CI 1.27, 1.34)]; multivitamin use [RR (95 % CI) 1.32 (1.30, 1.34)]; physician visit in the previous 2 years [RR (95 % CI) 1.61 (1.58, 1.65)], and a history of breast [RR (95 % CI) 1.59 (1.56, 1.63)], colon [RR (95 % CI) 1.18 (1.16, 1.20)], and cervical [RR (95 % CI) 1.63 (1.60, 1.67)] cancer screening. We found that 51 % of women in the geographically-dispersed Black Women’s Health Study cohort were willing to provide mouthwash samples to be used for genetic analyses. The response in this study is encouraging given published findings of low overall participation rates of African-Americans in genetic studies.
Analysis on Surveillance Results of Plague from 2001 to 2010 in Gansu

Objective To analyze epidemic situation of the plague in Gansu province and facilitate the policy making for plague control.Methods By analyzing surveillance data in 2001 to 2010 of Gansu plague foci.Results 453 strains of Y.pestis were isolated and 319 were isolated from animals and 134 were isolated from arthropods.387 positive were detected and positive rate was 3.20%.Conclusions Marmota himalayana plague epidemic is in violent periods recently years.We should do well in control of human plague of emergency preparedness.
Building proteomic pathways using Drosophila ventral furrow formation as a model.

Ventral furrow formation is the first morphogenetic movement to occur during Drosophilagastrulation causing the internalization of mesodermal precursors. A previous proteomic screen for ventral-specific proteome changes identified a set of about forty “difference-proteins” that spanned many cellular functions. To understand the connections between these disparate proteins, we initiated a pathway-building scheme using cycles of protein expression manipulation and proteome analysis. This pathway-building exercise started with the proteasomal subunit, Pros35, one of three proteasome subunits found to be ventral-specific difference-proteins. Here we show that Pros35 is a key regulator in ventral furrow formation. Altering the level of Pros35 led to ventral furrow defects. Proteome analysis of the changes induced by Pros35 RNAi showed extensive overlap with the original set of ventral-specific difference-proteins. One of the most prominent changes was in the extracellular iron carrier, Transferrin (Tsf1). Tsf1 is normally less abundant in ventral cells relative to lateral cells; however, RNAi of Pros35 in ventralized embryos negated this ventral-specific difference. Increasing Tsf1 in wild-type embryos blocked ventral furrow formation and caused proteome changes that were similar to the previously seen ventral-specific difference-proteins, including Pros35, which indicates the existence of an unprecedented regulatory loop between the proteasome and iron homeostasis. Additionally, we show that the iron regulatory protein, Irp-1A, also plays an important role in ventral furrow formation. Together these three proteins are part of a regulatory loop that coordinately controls a large number of ventral-specific protein changes.
A Concise Total Synthesis of Dictyodendrins F, H, and I Using Aryl Ynol Ethers as Key Building Blocks

We report a concise total synthesis of dictyodendrin F and the first total syntheses of dictyodendrins H and I in six steps. In these syntheses, aryl ynol ethers were employed as the key building blocks to introduce aryl and heteroaryl rings in the dictyodendrins. This rapid synthesis utilized a novel hetero-[2 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction between two aryl ynol ethers to yield a cyclobutenone ring. The cyclobutenone was sequentially converted into a highly substituted carbazole via a retro-4π/6π-electrocyclization–N-acylation cascade reaction to provide the dictyodendrin core. Consecutive intramolecular oxidative coupling and deprotection gave dictyodendrins F, H, and I.
Dosing Eculizumab for Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Kidney Transplantation: A Case Report.

Abstract Severe antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) of a blood type–incompatible (ABOi) living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) can lead to graft failure, and aggressive therapies, such as the anticomplement antibody eculizumab, are often used to rescue the affected graft. Eculizumab therapy can be crippling financially. Current literature suggests a wide variation in the amount and timing of eculizumab given as rescue therapy in the setting of AMR. Herein we describe a limited-eculizumab regimen in the setting of severe AMR that is both clinically and cost effective. Treatment included escalation in plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (PP/IVIg) and eculizumab. Eculizumab therapy was discontinued at the first sign of clinical improvement (2-fold decrease in anti-ABO titer and stabilization of serum creatinine). The current standard of care is to redose eculizumab after any PP treatment, and, in some series, continue with maintenance eculizumab doses. In these 2 cases, discontinuing eculizumab therapy upon observed clinical improvement saved 6 unnecessary doses at a cost of $90,000. Both patients have more than 1 year of follow-up and functioning allografts. Although this is a small and limited study, we suggest that a dosing regimen of eculizumab similar to that presented here may be effective in rescuing a graft following AMR while simultaneously limiting cost.
Placental Alpha Microglobulin-1 Compared With Fetal Fibronectin to Predict Preterm Delivery in Symptomatic Women.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the rapid bedside test for placental α microglobulin-1 with the instrumented fetal fibronectin test for prediction of imminent spontaneous preterm delivery among women with symptoms of preterm labor.METHODS:We conducted a prospective observational study on pregnant women with si
Enzymatic breakage and joining of deoxyribonucleic acid. IX. Synthesis and properties of the deoxyribonucleic acid adenylate in the phage T4 ligase reaction.

Abstract Polynucleotide ligase purified from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T4 reacts with ATP to form a ligase-AMP complex which can be isolated by gel filtration. When this ligase-AMP complex is incubated with DNA containing single strand breaks (nicks), there is a transfer of the AMP from the enzyme to the 5'-phosphoryl terminus of the nick to form a pyrophosphate bond (AppDNA). If the reaction is carried out at 0° and at pH 5.6, AppDNA is accumulated. The AppDNA has been isolated and the character of the linkage of AMP to DNA has been elucidated by a number of physical and enzymatic studies. The chemical properties of this enzymatically synthesized AppDNA are identical with those of AppT(pT)n in which AMP has been chemically linked by a pyrophosphate bond to the 5'-terminal phosphate of an oligomer of thymidylic acid. App[poly(N)], whether synthesized by enzymatic or chemical means, serves as an intermediate in the reaction which is catalyzed by the T4 ligase, and in which phosphodiester bond formation is accompanied by stoichiometric release of adenosine 5'-phosphate. The reaction occurs in the absence of ATP and is specific for nicks in duplex polynucleotides. If the enzyme is first incubated with ATP, the reaction is strongly inhibited. A temperature-sensitive polynucleotide ligase purified from E. coli cells infected with a mutant of T4 bacteriophage is unable to carry out either this reaction or the over-all joining reaction at elevated temperatures. When dAMP is substituted for AMP in the chemically synthesized polynucleotide intermediate, joining occurs at 8% the normal rate. No joining is detected if GMP is used as the activating species. The rates of joining of d(pT)7, d(pT)12, AppT(pT)6, and AppT(pT)11 in the presence of poly d(A) have been determined at various temperatures, and provide a sensitive method for the analysis of secondary structure of polynucleotides.
Medical Versus Surgical Treatment of Primary Aldosteronism.

See related article, pp 585–591 A growing body of literature associates primary aldosteronism (PA) with increased risk of cardiovascular complications, including cardiovascular attributable death, left ventricular hypertrophy, stroke, proteinuria, and atrial fibrillation. This increased cardiovascular risk is in no doubt related in large part to aldosterone-induced increases in blood pressure (BP), which are often resistant and severe. Additional mechanisms that are seemingly independent of increases in BP that likely contribute to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease in PA patients include aldosterone-induced inflammation, fibrosis, cellular hypertrophy, and oxidative stress.1 Further, in line with classical physiological effects, aldosterone and high dietary sodium exposure promotes intravascular fluid retention with associated increases in intracardiac heart volumes, including the left atrium, which would be anticipated to contribute to increased risk of incident atrial fibrillation.2 Demonstration of the increased risk of PA in relation to cardiovascular outcomes, including atrial fibrillation, has been largely based on retrospective or cross-sectional analyses. For example, in one of the earliest reports, Milliez et al3 retrospectively compared the history of specific cardiovascular events in 124 patients with confirmed PA and 465 control patients with primary hypertension. In spite of seemingly similar levels of BP control, the PA patients were significantly more likely to have had a history of stroke and myocardial infarction and were >12 times as likely to have been previously diagnosed with an episode of atrial fibrillation. Reincke et al4 conducted a longitudinal assessment of patients included in a German registry of PA who had been treated with adrenalectomy and a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA). Although the 10-year all-cause mortality was similar to PA patients to that of matched hypertensive controls, the PA patients were significantly more likely to have died from cardiovascular complications than the control patients without PA. Combined, these 2 …
Nuclear species in Peruvian Amazonian mixed-species flocks are differentially attractive to transient species and to each other

ABSTRACT In resident Amazonian mixed-species flocks, the pattern of attraction of transient species to nuclear Dusky-throated Antshrikes (Thamnomanes ardesiacus) and Long-winged Antwrens (Myrmotherula longipennis) and the pattern of heterospecific attraction between the nuclear species are undocumented. Patterns of attraction can help elucidate the nature of interspecific relationships (i.e., whether they are mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic). We played Dusky-throated Antshrike and Long-winged Antwren vocalizations to flocks and recorded how many transient species approached the playbacks, whether the antshrikes and antwrens were attracted to each other's playbacks, and how strongly they responded to the playbacks. More transient species were attracted to the antshrike vocalizations than antwren vocalizations, and more transient species were attracted to antwren than control vocalizations. Dusky-throated Antshrikes and Long-winged Antwrens approached each other's playback significantly more often than...
Imaging of the Peripheral Vasculature and Carotid Arteries

By age 60, 3–6% of men experience intermittent claudication due to obstructive disease of the aortoiliac and lower extremities. CT angiography (CTA) has become an integral part of assessing the treatment options in these patients. Its role is typically to determine a management strategy after peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is diagnosed. Other less expensive, noninvasive, and well-validated modalities are typically recommended as first-line studies in the diagnosis of PAD. CTA then becomes the platform for mapping vascular anatomy and delineating the location and severity of the stenosis. This information is of paramount importance in selecting patients who are candidates for endovascular or surgical revascularization. Additional information, including the presence of aneurysms, popliteal entrapment, and cystic adventitial disease, are also provided by CTA. In this group of patients, multidetector CT (MDCT) is noted to have high sensitivity (96%) and specificity (97%), and excellent interobserver agreement compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Overestimation of stenosis has shown to be associated with significant calcification, but this problem can be overcome to a large extent by routinely adjusting the window and leveling setting in the presence of calcium.
Quantum Oscillations in Flux-Grown SmB 6 with Embedded Aluminum

${\mathrm{Sm}\mathrm{B}}_{6}$ is a candidate topological Kondo insulator that displays surface conduction at low temperatures. Here, we perform torque magnetization measurements as a means to detect de Haas--van Alphen (dHvA) oscillations in ${\mathrm{SmB}}_{6}$ crystals grown by aluminum flux. We find that dHvA oscillations occur in single crystals containing embedded aluminum, originating from the flux used to synthesize ${\mathrm{SmB}}_{6}$. Measurements on a sample with multiple, unconnected aluminum inclusions show that aluminum crystallizes in a preferred orientation within the ${\mathrm{SmB}}_{6}$ cubic lattice. The presence of aluminum is confirmed through bulk susceptibility measurements, but does not show a signature in transport measurements. We discuss the ramifications of our results.
Cervical and Thoracic Spine Injuries

Cervical spine injuries are very common in contact sports such as wrestling, football, hockey, and rugby. It has been estimated that up to 15% of football athletes suffer from some cervical spine injury. The National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury reported over the 12-yr period between 1982 and 1994 there were 450 catastrophic injuries, and 75% involved the cervical spine (1). Although thoracic spine injuries are less frequently involved in catastrophic injury, they do occur in the adolescent athlete participating in hockey, football, gymnastics, and wrestling, as well as other contact sports.
Estimation of Bowhead Whale, Balaena mysticetus, Population Size

The Bayes empirical Bayes method for estimating bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus, population size is used to obtain estimates based on the 1988 combined visual and acoustic census off Point Barrow, Alaska. It is based on an explicit scientific model of the census process and of whale behavior, and yields a full posterior probability distribution of the number of whales given the data. It takes account of the imperfection of our scientific knowledge, of errors made by the tracking algorithm used, and of uncertainty about the control parameters for the tracking algorithm and about the parameters of the model.
Naming Whiteness in a High School Drama Program: A Youth Participatory Action Research, Theatrical Inquiry into Whiteness

This chapter considers how students both confirmed and disrupted whiteness as property during a teacher-researcher implementation of second-wave critical whiteness pedagogy. The author relies on narrative scholarship in order to both tell and interpret stories about a yearlong project that used youth participatory action research (YPAR) and playbuilding to guide a group of mostly White 9th to 12th graders through a consideration of whiteness. This chapter especially focuses on ways that students (and adults) interacted with whiteness as property during the project.