cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Empirical Ties between Religious Motivation and Altruism in Foster Parents: Implications for Faith-Based Initiatives in Foster Care and Adoption

Amidst a crisis shortage of foster homes in the child welfare system, a number of innovative faith-based collaborations aimed at recruiting foster parents have recently emerged. It has been suggested that these collaborations offer a unique opportunity to recruit committed and altruistic parents as caregivers, providing much needed capacity to an overloaded child welfare system. This paper uses data from the National Survey of Current and Former Foster Parents to examine the associations between religious motivations for fostering, altruism and various measures of foster home utilization and longevity. The empirical results demonstrate that religiously motivated foster parents are more likely to have altruistic reasons for fostering, and scored higher than the non-religiously motivated group on an index of altruism. A separate empirical analysis shows that the interaction of high levels of altruism and religious motivation is associated with higher foster home utilization. No association was found between religious altruism and the parent’s expressed intent to continue providing foster care. The implications of these findings for current faith-based collaboration in the child welfare arena are discussed.
Integrated high resolution division of focal plane image sensor with aluminum nanowire polarization filters

We present a novel imaging sensor capable of capturing the polarization properties of partially polarized light in high resolution and in real-time. The imaging sensor monolithically integrates aluminum nanowire optical filters with CCD imaging array to achieve a high resolution polarization imaging sensor. The CCD polarization image sensor is composed of 1000 by 1000 imaging elements with 7.4μm pixel pitch and has dynamic range of 65dB. The measured signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor is 45dB. The CCD array is covered with an array of pixel-pitch matched nanowire polarization filters with four different orientations offset by 45°. Raw polarization data is presented to a processing board at 40 frames per second, where intensity, degree and angle of polarization of the incident light are computed. The final polarization results are presented in false color representation.
Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in the Gulf of California

Discovery of Its Nutritional Value by the Seri Indians Zostera marina occurs in the northern Gulf of California. The grain of eelgrass is harvested in the spring and formed an important part of traditional Seri diet and culture. This is the only known case of a grain from the sea being used as a human food source. Eelgrass has considerable potential as a general food resource for mankind. Its cultivation would not require fresh water, pesticides, or artificial fertilizer.
The use of a modified Dakin's solution (sodium hypochlorite) in the treatment of Vibrio vulnificus infection

We report the first clinical use of a modified Dakin's solution (0.025% sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl]) to halt the progress of severe cutaneous Vibrio vulnificus infection in a critically ill patient. The regimen used arose from an initial in vitro study designed to examine the sensitivity of Vibrio species to topical antimicrobial agents. Twenty-eight wound isolates were tested against the following eight topical preparations: silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene), nitrofurazone, mupirocin ointment (Bactroban), polymyxin B/bacitracin, mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon), nystatin/Silvadene, nystatin/polymyxin B/bacitracin, and 0.025% NaOCl solution. The results showed that V vulnificus, along with the other 18 Vibrio species tested, was most sensitive to the modified NaOCl solution.
A bump in the road: Overcoming fear associated with psychotropic treatment during pregnancy

While I was out on maternity leave knee-deep in dirty diapers, I returned to find that I would serve as the primary editor for a Mental Health Clinician issue focused on psychotropic medication use during pregnancy and lactation. Ironically, I couldn’t help but cringe. I was immediately reminded of my days spent as a psychiatric pharmacy resident. During residency training, each time a pregnant patient was admitted to the inpatient psychiatry unit, a feeling of trepidation overcame me. I frantically searched for articles on PubMed to enlighten myself on the use of medications in this patient population. I knew the medical team would look to me for guidance, since it is often difficult, even for psychiatric pharmacists and psychiatrists, to stay abreast with new warnings and evidence surfacing in this area. As a medical team, together we struggled to optimize medication therapy while attempting to prevent any adverse effects to the fetus. We not only needed to consider the use of psychotropics during pregnancy, but also had to anticipate their use during lactation. Ensuring the safety of both the mother and baby seemed like a daunting task.
Human Rights Frames in IP Contests

This essay examines the role of human rights norms and framing in the processes of domestic change around intellectual property rights and access to medicines described in the case studies in this volume. By comparing those cases with the experience of activism around medicines in South Africa and Brazil, the essay draws some preliminary conclusions about the legal, societal, and cultural conditions that may lend themselves to the use of human rights frames in activism around intellectual property issues. The essay also begins tracing the trajectory of human rights framing in debates about the impact of intellectual property on health. Although discussions about norm diffusion often assume a general downward directionality from the international to the domestic, the normative framing of intellectual property as a human rights issue was a bottom-up enterprise. The essay concludes by considering the reasons that human rights frames gave way to frames of “access to knowledge” or A2K, arguing that a complete strategy for challenging the effect of intellectual property rights on access to medicines requires the use of both frames.
Production and regeneration of protoplasts from Cryptococcus

Protoplasts were quickly and efficiently produced from both varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans and from C. laurentii by use of the multi-enzyme product Novozym 234. Conditions for regeneration of protoplasts are described. DNA yield from the Novozym-produced protoplasts was superior to that from snail gut enzyme-derived protoplasts.
Interaction of Histone Acetylases and Deacetylases In Vivo

Having opposing enzymatic activities, histone acetylases (HATs) and deacetylases affect chromatin and regulate transcription. The activities of the two enzymes are thought to be balanced in the cell by an unknown mechanism that may involve their direct interaction. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis, we demonstrated that the acetylase PCAF and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) are in close spatial proximity in living cells, compatible with their physical interaction. In agreement, coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that endogenous HDACs are associated with PCAF and another acetylase, GCN5, in HeLa cells. We found by glycerol gradient sedimentation analysis that HATs are integrated into a large multiprotein HDAC complex that is distinct from the previously described HDAC complexes containing mSin3A, Mi-2/NRD, or CoREST. This HDAC-HAT association is partly accounted for by a direct protein-protein interaction observed in vitro. The HDAC-HAT complex may play a role in establishing a dynamic equilibrium of the two enzymes in vivo.
Thirty Years of Shareholder Rights and Firm Valuation

This paper introduces a new hand-collected dataset tracking restrictions on shareholder rights at approximately 1,000 firms over 1978-1989. In conjunction with the 1990-2006 IRRC data, we track firms’ shareholder rights over thirty years. Most governance changes occurred during the 1980s. We find a robustly negative association between restrictions on shareholder rights (using the G-Index as a proxy) and Tobin’s Q. The negative association only appears after the judicial approval of antitakeover defenses in the 1985 landmark Delaware Supreme Court decision of Moran v. Household. This decision was an unanticipated, exogenous shock that increased the importance of shareholder rights.
Unstable microtubule capture at kinetochores depleted of the centromere‐associated protein CENP‐F

Centromere protein F (CENP-F) (or mitosin) accumulates to become an abundant nuclear protein in G2, assembles at kinetochores in late G2, remains kinetochore-bound until anaphase, and is degraded at the end of mitosis. Here we show that the absence of nuclear CENP-F does not affect cell cycle progression in S and G2. In a subset of CENP-F depleted cells, kinetochore assembly fails completely, thereby provoking massive chromosome mis-segregation. In contrast, the majority of CENP-F depleted cells exhibit a strong mitotic delay with reduced tension between kinetochores of aligned, bi-oriented sister chromatids and decreased stability of kinetochore microtubules. These latter kinetochores generate mitotic checkpoint signaling when unattached, recruiting maximum levels of Mad2. Use of YFP-marked Mad1 reveals that throughout the mitotic delay some aligned, CENP-F depleted kinetochores continuously recruit Mad1. Others rebind YFP-Mad1 intermittently so as to produce ‘twinkling', demonstrating cycles of mitotic checkpoint reactivation and silencing and a crucial role for CENP-F in efficient assembly of a stable microtubule–kinetochore interface.
A controlled study of services to enhance productive participation among people with HIV/AIDS.

Objective This study assessed the effectiveness of a model program designed to increase productive participation among people living with HIV/AIDS within supportive-living facilities. Methods Using a nonrandomized, two-group design, 65 study participants were assigned to either the model program or standard care. Data on productive participation were collected at 3, 6, and 9 months after completion of the model or standard program. Outcomes were compared at each time point. Results Forty-six participants completed the study. Participants in the two programs did not differ significantly on baseline demographic variables. Model program participants showed significantly higher levels of productive participation at all three time points (p 3, reflecting that participants attending the model program were at least twice as likely to be productively engaged at all three time points. Conclusion Results support the effectiveness of the model program in achieving sustained productive participation in persons living with HIV/AIDS.
DENDROPLEX (=XIPHORHYNCHUS) NECOPINUS ZIMMER 1934 (DENDROCOLAPTIDAE) IS A JUNIOR SYNONYM OF DENDRORNIS KIENERII (=XIPHORHYNCHUS PICUS KIENERII) DES MURS 1855

Abstract John T. Zimmer described Xiphorhynchus necopinus (Zimmer's Woodcreeper) as a sibling species of the more widespread Xiphorhynchus picus (Straight-billed Woodcreeper). Despite his initial suspicion that a preexisting name (kienerii) could be applied to the new species he described, Zimmer discarded that possibility without directly examining the type of X. p. kienerii housed at the Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, France. We studied plumage and measured wing chord and tail lengths of the type specimen of X. p. kienerii, comparing it with series of specimens of X. necopinus and X. picus. We show that X. necopinus and the type of X. p. kienerii are morphologically and morphometrically indistinguishable, and thus necopinus is synonymized with kienerii, the name that has priority. Because Zimmer mistakenly applied the name kienerii to a western Amazonian population of X. picus, most specimens in museums identified as X. p. kienerii after Zimmer's review (Zimmer 1934) are likely to refer ...
Self-Medication of Somatic and Psychiatric Conditions Using Botanical Marijuana

As a complement to research evaluating botanical marijuana as a medical therapy for various somatic and psychiatric conditions, there is a growing body of research assessing marijuana users' self-reports of the symptoms and conditions for which they use marijuana without a physician's recommendation. As part of two larger web-based surveys and one in-situ survey at an outdoor marijuana festival, we asked regular marijuana users if they consumed the drug without a physician's recommendation and, if so, to describe (or select from a checklist) the conditions for which they used marijuana as a medication. Participants reported using marijuana to self-medicate a wide variety of both somatic conditions (such as pain, diabetes, and irritable bowel syndrome) and psychiatric conditions (such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia). Because fewer than half of the American states, and only a few countries, allow physicians to recommend medicinal marijuana, these findings may be of interest to clinicians as they treat patients, to lawmakers and policymakers as they consider legislation allowing physicians to recommend botanical marijuana for somatic and psychiatric conditions, and to researchers evaluating conditions that individuals elect to self-medicate using botanical marijuana.
Sperm Motility and Survival in relation to Glucose Concentration: An In Vitro Study *

The effect of glucose on human sperm motility and viability was studied in vitro. At low concentrations of glucose sperm motility was markedly depressed but increased proportionately with increased glucose concentrations reaching a plateau at 20-30 mg/ml of glucose in buffered solution. The results support the proposition that cervical mucus must contain at least 200 mg/100 ml of glucose during the fertile period. A hostile cervical environment may reflect a deficiency in glucose content in cervical mucus.
A novel Rac1 GAP splice variant relays poly-Ub accumulation signals to mediate Rac1 inactivation

Spatial control of RhoGTPase-inactivating GAP components remains largely enigmatic. We describe a brain-specific RhoGAP splice variant, BARGIN (BGIN), which comprises a combination of BAR, GAP, and partial CIN phosphatase domains spliced from adjacent SH3BP1 and CIN gene loci. Excision of BGIN exon 2 results in recoding of a 42–amino acid N-terminal stretch. The partial CIN domain is a poly-ubiquitin (poly-Ub)–binding module that facilitates BGIN distribution to membranous and detergent-insoluble fractions. Poly-Ub/BGIN interactions support BGIN-mediated inactivation of a membranous Rac1 population, which consequently inactivates membrane-localized Rac1 effector systems such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by the Nox1 complex. Given that Ub aggregate pathology and proteotoxicity are central themes in various neurodegenerative disorders, we investigated whether BGIN/Rac1 signaling could be involved in neurodegenerative proteotoxicity. BGIN/Ub interactions are observed through colocalization in tangle aggregates in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain. Moreover, enhanced BGIN membrane distribution correlates with reduced Rac1 activity in AD brain tissue. Finally, BGIN contributes to Rac1 inhibition and ROS generation in an amyloid precursor protein (APP) proteotoxicity model. These results suggest that BGIN/poly-Ub interactions enhance BGIN membrane distribution and relay poly-Ub signals to enact Rac1 inactivation, and attenuation of Rac1 signaling is partially dependent on BGIN in a proteotoxic APP context.
Hybrid Micellar Hydrogels of a Thermosensitive ABA Triblock Copolymer and Hairy Nanoparticles: Effect of Spatial Location of Hairy Nanoparticles on Gel Properties

This article reports a method for control of spatial location of nanoparticles (NPs) in hybrid micellar hydrogels of a thermosensitive ABA triblock copolymer and polymer brush-grafted NPs (hairy NPs), either inside or outside the core of micelles, and the study of the effect of different locations of NPs on gel properties. Two batches of thermosensitive polymer brush-grafted, 17 nm silica NPs with different lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) and a thermosensitive ABA triblock copolymer composed of a poly(ethylene oxide) central block and thermosensitive outer blocks (ABA-D) were synthesized. The different locations of NPs were achieved by controlling the LCST of hairy NPs (LCSTNP) relative to that of the thermosensitive outer blocks of ABA-D (LCSTABA). When the LCSTNP and LCSTABA were similar, the NPs resided in the core of micelles upon heating from below the LCSTNP and LCSTABA. When the LCSTNP was significantly higher, the NPs were located outside the core of micelles as confirmed by fluoresce...
140-P: DELETION OF UNCONFIRMED RARE ALLELES, C∗03:12 AND C∗15:20

Aim A prospective typing project to confirm HLA alleles with an unconfirmed status in the IMGT/HLA database identified sequence errors for 2 HLA-C alleles, C ∗ 03:12 and C ∗ 15:20. C ∗ 03:12 was described in November 1999 on a reference cell from a Be The Match Registry volunteer. C ∗ 15:20 was described in February 2007 on a reference cell typed through a NMDP prospective high resolution typing project. Methods A sample initially reported as C ∗ 03:12 was re-typed by two independent labs, who both confirmed the presence of C ∗ 03:03. Because of the discrepancy, the IMGT/HLA reference cell was evaluated at an NMDP contract lab by SBT to confirm the presence of C ∗ 03:12. Concurrently, the IMGT/HLA reference cell carrying C ∗ 15:20 re-typed as C ∗ 15:27. Since the reference cell sequence contained a likely error, it was sent for cloning and sequencing of the putative C ∗ 15:20 in isolation. A second recently recruited sample with C ∗ 15:20 was identified and re-typed by SBT. Results The IMGT/HLA reference cell reported to carry C ∗ 03:12 was corrected to C ∗ 03:19, whereas the other sample with C ∗ 03:12 retyped as the common C ∗ 03:03, indicating two discreet typing errors. C ∗ 03:12 differs from C ∗ 03:19 at nucleotide (nt) 343 (A to G) at the end of exon 2. C ∗ 03:12 and C ∗ 03:19 are further differentiated from C ∗ 03:03:01 at nt 419 and nt 420 in exon 3. C ∗ 03:19 was described in February of 2005 and has a confirmed status in the IMGT/HLA database. Both the IMGT/HLA reference cell and the other sample with C ∗ 15:20 retyped as C ∗ 15:27. C ∗ 15:20 differs from C ∗ 15:27 at nt 259 (G to A) and nt 261 (G to C) in exon 2. C ∗ 15:27 was described in January 2010 and has a confirmed status in the IMGT/HLA database. Conclusions As a result of the resequencing results of the reference cells, which were found to contain errors, C ∗ 03:12 and C ∗ 15:20 will be deleted from the IMGT/HLA database. This project highlights the importance of confirming IMGT/HLA database allele sequences to validate existence of reported alleles.
THE ROLE OF STAPHYLOCOAGULASE IN BLOOD COAGULATION: I. THE REACTION OF STAPHYLOCOAGULASE WITH COAGULASE-GLOBULIN (CG) TO FORM COAGULASE-THROMBIN (CT)

1. Sterile cell-free filtrates of broth cultures of some strains of staphylococci contain a substance ( staphylocoagulase ) which does not clot purified fibrinogen, but does clot oxalated plasma. 2. When a plasma factor ( coagulase globulin, CG ) is added to staphylocoagulase a thrombin-like substance ( coagulase-thrombin, CT ) is progressively formed which is able to clot purified fibrinogen. 3. When the clotting times of plasma with increasing amounts of either staphylocoagulase or CT are plotted against concentrations of the clotting agents, hyperbolic curves are obtained which are similar to those obtained with classic prothrombin or thrombin. 4. CG appears to be distinct from AcG (Seegers), the "V" factor of Owren, and "anti-hemophilic globulin" of Taylor and co-workers. The presence of CG in platelets could not be demonstrated.
Intravascular ultrasound imaging: in vivo peripheral and coronary artery studies.

Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that intravascular ultrasound can obtain high-resolution cross-sectional images of arterial vessels. To further expand the use of this technique for in vivo visualization of peripheral and coronary vessels, we imaged 24 femoral and 13 carotid arteries from 19 sheep. Using a manual rotation technique, high-resolution images were obtained in 95% of the vessel sites with a rigid probe and in 82% of the vessel sites with a flexible catheter. In 14 of these arteries, good correlation was found between the lumen diameter measured by ultrasound and by angiography (P less than .001, r = .91). In addition, 6 left circumflex coronary arteries were imaged from 6 additional sheep by motor-driven rotation of the ultrasound probe at 1,800 rotations per minute, obtaining clear delineation of coronary lumen morphology and lumen-intima interface. Strong correlation was found also between intravascular ultrasound and cineangiography for coronary artery diameter measurement (P less than .001, r = .96). These studies demonstrate that this technique can provide high-resolution images of arterial vessels in vivo and may have unique advantages in diagnosis of atherosclerotic vascular disease and in the guidance of new catheter-based therapeutic modalities.
Modelling drug design II: An approach to modeling the mutagenicity of nitroarenes

Using graph-theoretical methods we examine structure-activity relationships (SAR) for a selection of nitroarenes. Molecules are represented by suitably weighted path numbers from which atomic descriptors are constructed. Subsequently, various molecular fragments are considered and analyzed to determine which fragment descriptors best reproduce the experimentally observed ordering of structures in terms of their mutagenic potency. Our findings are compared to previous results by means of a statistical technique.
Reflections and Speculations

Even two decades ago, few people expected popular collective action to become common or even “normal” in China. A variety of social groups, including pensioners, laid-off workers, peasants, urban homeowners, demobilized army officers, and people with disabilities, have mounted collective protests to the government. Indeed, when such groups have strong claims to make to the government, they can seldom find a better way than through collective petitioning. From the early 1990s to present, such activities were not just common; many of them were actually a central part of protracted struggles with the government. Through forceful and often persistent collective action, many “disadvantaged” social groups have exerted considerable influence on local policies. Contentious authoritarianism, wherein a strong authoritarian regime accommodates widespread and routinized collective protests, is a very rare phenomenon. Even in the long history of China, which witnessed numerous rebellions and occasional waves of protests and social movements, it is hard to find a relatively long period when collective protests were so common and routine. To be sure, protests movements have been substantially institutionalized and normalized in some liberal democracies, which are called “social movement societies.” However, authoritarian regimes in general are still quite hostile to popular collective action, and the opening of political opportunity for mass mobilization in such societies tends to be very brief.
Blowoff in the vapor of Ly-12 aluminum targets irradiated by laser beams

The phenomena and mechanism of the blowoff and absorption wave in the vapor of Ly-12 aluminum targets irradiated by a normal pulse Nd:glass laser beam of 60-100 J are investigated. The laser beam consists of a series of random spikes with ~2-μs duration and ~5-μs separation. It has been observed that the blowoff was in accordance with these spikes.1 The air surrounding the vapor was heated and partially absorbed.
Peripheral Nervous System Toxicity Biomarkers

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is highly complex with its multi-unit-organizational structure and function. It includes sensory receptors, nerves, ganglia, and plexuses. The sensory division and the motor division carry action potentials towards and away from the central nervous system (CNS), respectively. Subdivisions of motor division include: (a) the somatic nervous system and (b) the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which govern voluntary and involuntary functions, respectively. The ANS is further subdivided into: (a) the sympathetic division that is more active during physical activity and (b) the parasympathetic division that regulates functions during resting stages. The enteric nervous system (ENS), consisting of plexuses within the wall of the digestive tract, controls the digestive system through local reflexes (independent of the CNS). With such a diversity of structure and function, the PNS provides great scope for identifying a variety of biomarkers for any given conditions or targeted biological concepts from among the plethora of biomarkers that can be used to assess exposure, effect, and susceptibility of the nervous system and other organ systems in general. In this chapter, various emerging concepts are presented concerning PNS biomarkers, on: (a) mechanisms of injury and repair of nerve fibers and axons, (b) inherited forms of PNS disorders, (c) demyelination during injuries and regeneration of myelin, (d) neuromuscular junction injuries and (e) surrogate tissue analysis, using molecular, cellular, tissue and phenotype. Biomarkers that are involved in ion channel functions, pathways of pain, neurodegenerative disorders, motor function, emotion, sleep disorders, infection response, axonal transport, chemical induced PNS disorders, OPIDN, neural stress systems, miRNA, exosomes, and other categories involving PNS structure and function are presented.
Secondary Reinforcement Strength and Primary Reinforcement Schedule: Single Group Design and Successive Discrimination Testing

Previous research, using a between-groups design, showed that a stimulus developed into a stronger secondary reinforcer (Sr) when it was associated with food reinforcement presented on an Fr schedule than when it was used with a Crf schedule. However, with a within-subjects design, opposite results were found. The present study examines the possibility that the difference between the test procedures for the between and within designs (successive and simultaneous discrimination, respectively) might have resulted in the differing findings. This was not the case; using a within design and successive discrimination testing, results were similar to those using the previous within design, simultaneous discrimination procedure.
Listening to “long-dead lawyers”

Lawyers’ Empire is a pioneering volume of richly detailed essays about history, law and the legal profession that together present a significant contribution to the common law and understandings of...
Deployment and performance of the NASA D3R during the GPM OLYMPEx field campaign

The NASA D3R was successfully deployed and operated throughout the NASA OLYMPEx field campaign. A differential phase based attenuation correction technique has been implemented for D3R observations. Hydrometeor classification has been demonstrated for five distinct classes using Ku-band observations of both convection and stratiform rain. The stratiform rain hydrometeor classification is compared against LDR observations and shows good agreement in identification of mixed-phase hydrometeors in the melting layer.
Bacterial Diversity in Ships’ Ballast Water, Ballast-Water Exchange, and Implications for Ship-Mediated Dispersal of Microorganisms

Using next-generation DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we analyzed the composition and diversity of bacterial assemblages in ballast water from tanks of 17 commercial ships arriving to Hampton Roads, Virginia (USA) following voyages in the North Atlantic Ocean. Amplicon sequencing analysis showed the heterogeneous assemblages were (1) dominated by Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and unclassified Bacteria; (2) temporally distinct (June vs August/September); and (3) highly fidelitous among replicate samples. Whether tanks were exchanged at sea or not, their bacterial assemblages differed from those of local, coastal water. Compositional data suggested at-sea exchange did not fully flush coastal Bacteria from all tanks; there were several instances of a genetic geographic signal. Quantitative PCR yielded no Escherichia coli and few instances of Vibrio species. Salinity, but not ballast-water age or temperature, contributed significantly to bacterial diversity. Whether anthropogenic mixing ...
The Impact of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome on Surgical Repair Outcomes of Conotruncal Cardiac Anomalies

Background We aim to describe the impact of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) on clinical characteristics, postoperative course, and early and late outcomes of neonates undergoing surgery for conotruncal anomalies. Methods A retrospective review was performed (2002 to 2012) of 224 neonates who underwent surgery for interrupted aortic arch (n = 67), truncus arteriosus (n = 85), or ductal-dependent pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (n = 72). Patients were divided into three groups: group 1, n = 119, no genetic syndrome; group 2, n = 64, 22q11DS; and group 3, n = 41, other genetic syndrome. Adjusted analysis to compare outcomes was performed. Results In comparison with group 1, group 2 had longer mechanical ventilation duration (148 versus 102 hours, p = 0.008), intensive care unit stay (268 versus 159 hours, p p p = 0.167) but no increased extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use (OR 1.5, 95% CI: 0.3 to 6.1, p = 0.612), hospital mortality (OR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.1 to 3.3, p = 0.570), or decreased late survival (hazard ratio 0.9, 95% CI: 0.4 to 2.1, p = 0.822). In comparison with group 1, group 3 had longer mechanical ventilation duration (190 versus 102 hours, p p = 0.007), and hospital stay (21.5 versus 11.5 days, p p = 0.032), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use (OR 4.4, 95% CI: 1.1 to 17.6, p = 0.038), hospital mortality (OR 4.2, 95% CI: 1.2 to 14.5, p = 0.021), and diminished late survival (hazard ratio 4.0, 95% CI: 2.1 to 8.1, p Conclusions In neonates with conotruncal anomalies, 22q11DS is associated with prolonged recovery and increased resource utilization. However, despite a small increase in unplanned reoperation, there is no significant impact on early or late survival. In comparison, other genetic syndromes are associated with increased unplanned reoperation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use, hospital mortality, and diminished late survival. These findings are important for family counseling and risk stratification.
QUANTITATIVE APPROXIMATION BY FRACTIONAL SMOOTH GAUSS WEIERSTRASS SINGULAR OPERATORS

In this article we study the very general fractional smooth Gauss Wierstrass singular integral operators on the real line, regarding their convergence to the unit operator with fractional rates in the uniform norm. The related established inequalities involve the higher order module of smoothness of the associated right and left Caputo fractional derivatives of the engaged function. Furthermore we produce a fractional Voronovskaya type of result giving the fractional asymptotic expansion of the basic error of our approximation. We finish with applications. Our operators are not in general positive. We are mainly motivated by [2].
Risk and the cosmopolitanization of solidarities

AbstractFor classical sociologists, national solidarity was a response to the risks and uncertainties of modernity. National solidarity was said to provide the foundations for social order and justice (Durkheim), serve as the basis for political legitimacy (Weber), and address issues of (in)equality (Marx). Throughout the twentieth century, national solidarity seemed to perform these functions adequately, if often at the expense of those not belonging to the national community. However, with the demise of progress as a cultural prophylaxis to contain the future, it is often said that newly emergent world risks spell the end of solidarity. On this view, risk, individualization, and the cosmopolitanization of life worlds are contributing to the fragmentation of societies and pushing solidarity toward expiration. Yet, this jeremiad is based on an anachronistic notion of solidarity, which does not account for the recent adaptations of nationhood. In contrast, I argue that new global risks are not detrimental ...
Rethinking Prehospital Stroke Notification: Assessing Utility of Emergency Medical Services Impression and Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale.

Background and Purpose Although prehospital stroke notification has improved stroke treatment, incorporation of these systems into existing infrastructure has resulted in new challenges. The goal of our study was to design an effective prehospital notification system that allows for early and accurate identification of patients presenting with acute stroke. Methods We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study of patients presenting with suspicion of acute stroke from 2014 to 2015. Data recorded included patient demographics, time of symptom onset, Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) score, Glasgow Coma Scale score, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, emergency medical services (EMS) impression, acute stroke pager activation, acute intervention, and discharge diagnosis. Univariate logistic regression was performed with discharge diagnosis of stroke as the end point. Results A total of 130 patients were included in the analysis; 96 patients were discharged with a diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Both NIHSS and the presence of face, arm and speech abnormalities on CPSS were significantly higher in patients with stroke (P Conclusions Prehospital stroke notification systems utilizing EMS impressions and stroke screening tools are sensitive but lack appropriate specificity required for modern acute stroke systems of care. Better solutions must be explored so that prehospital notification can keep pace with advances in acute stroke treatment.
A description of inter-professional ethics education in a United States college of pharmacy

Introduction: An inter-professional ethics curriculum should address core ethics concepts and principles, and challenge students to work in inter-professional teams to resolve dilemmas modelled after those encountered in the health professions. Description: An inter-professional ethics curriculum at a United States (U.S.) college of pharmacy has been developed and refined since 2005 and provides comprehensive ethics education to pharmacy students, while exposing medical and pharmacy students to the ethical issues and dilemmas that are both shared and unique to each health profession. Evaluation: Students have exceeded basic competencies in ethics education without failing performance measures at this U.S. college of pharmacy. The inter-professional ethics curriculum receives positive student evaluations; however, students see ethics education as secondary, rather than complementary, to basic science and clinical curricula. Future plans: A commitment to a longitudinal, inter-professional ethics curriculum is needed to enforce ethics content and values during students’ practicum experiences in pharmacy and industry settings.
The joint influence of emotional reactivity and social interaction quality on cardiovascular responses to daily social interactions in working adults.

Abstract Objective Social interaction quality is related to cardiovascular functioning. Trait emotional reactivity may amplify cardiovascular responses to social interactions, but is often examined as a tendency to react to negative events. We took a broader approach by examining the joint effects of positive and negative emotional reactivity and social interaction quality on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and heart rate (HR) responses to daily social interactions. Methods Participants were part of a larger study on BP and cardiovascular health (N = 805; MAge = 45.3; 40.1% male). Participants completed a measure of emotional reactivity (BIS/BAS) and 24-hour ABP monitoring accompanied by ecological momentary assessments (EMA) about just-experienced social interactions and their pleasantness. Multilevel models tested the associations of emotional reactivity, average pleasantness, and momentary pleasantness with BP and HR. Results Participants who reported more pleasant interactions on average had lower BP (systolic BP: B = −0.51 mmHg; diastolic BP: B = −0.46 mmHg). These effects did not depend on emotional reactivity. The effect of momentary pleasantness depended on BIS/BAS; in less reactive participants, greater pleasantness was associated with lower HR, B = −0.13 bpm; in more reactive participants, greater pleasantness was associated with increased HR, B = 0.16). Conclusions Participants who had more pleasant social interactions throughout the day had lower mean ABP. The acute effect of a given social interaction on HR depended on emotional reactivity: HR increased for participants high in emotional reactivity during pleasant interactions. Thus, emotional reactivity may influence cardiovascular responses to social stimuli.
BILATERAL ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS ENDOPHTHALMITIS WITH MULTIPLE RECURRENCES.

PURPOSE To describe the first case report of a bilateral recurrent Enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis postcataract surgery. METHODS Case report with a description of the timeline, diagnosis, and management of a patient with bilateral recurrent E. faecalis endophthalmitis. RESULTS An 89-year-old man presented 6 weeks' postcataract surgery with pain, tearing, and blurred vision in the left eye. B-scan ultrasonography revealed vitritis and cultures postvitrectomy grew E. faecalis. There was gradual improvement in vision postintravitreal vancomycin administration. Four years later, the patient experienced another episode of E. faecalis endophthalmitis in the right eye postcataract extraction, followed by several additional episodes in both eyes posttreatment. CONCLUSION Enterococcus faecalis is a rare but highly virulent cause of endophthalmitis that may remain sequestered in the capsular bag, despite aggressive treatment. Even after recurrent episodes, early vitrectomy and aggressive antibiotic therapy may prove to be effective in preventing vision loss.
Access to Space: Capacity-building for development through experiment and payload opportunities

Abstract The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs has developed a comprehensive set of capacity-building activities and associated partnerships providing access to experimental facilities on ground and to a wide range of Low Earth Orbit platforms. These opportunities are available to applicants from high-school to university level, as well as other research, governmental and inter-governmental institutions. This is a unique approach to space capacity-building, away from the traditional classroom or lecture methods, aimed at developing and emerging economies, as well as encouraging cooperation with agencies and institutions from developed nations. This paper summarizes the series of activities and related programmatic and roadmap of the Office.
Wives and Widows of Medieval London: By Anne F. Sutton. Pp. x + 390, index. Donington, Lincolnshire: Shaun Tyas, 2016. £24.00. ISBN 978-1907730573. Paperback.

There are few scholars who know London’s late medieval sources as well as Anne F. Sutton. Editor of The Ricardian, member of the Executive Committee for The Richard III Society, and, for an extende...
Pharmacogenetics of Warfarin Therapy

A substantial burden of cardiovascular disease results from thrombosis that manifests clinically as acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and venous thromboembolism. Although antithrombotic drugs have been shown to reduce thrombotic events, there exists considerable variability in response to many of these drugs that affects the relative efficacy and safety in individual patients. Clinical, environmental, and genetic factors contribute to variability in drug response. A recent trial (1) has provided important insights into how pharmacogenomics offers an opportunity for personalized medicine through the identification of medically actionable variants to help determine an optimal dosing regimen for warfarin. Vitamin K antagonists, such as warfarin, are the most frequently prescribed oral anticoagulants used worldwide and are indicated for patients across the spectrum of cardiovascular disease, including those with or at risk for venous thromboembolism (deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism), atrial fibrillation (AF),2 and mechanical heart valves. Warfarin's mechanism of action is the prevention of γ-carboxylation of the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors prothrombin (factor II), factor VII, factor IX, and factor X. Although warfarin and other vitamin K antagonists are highly effective in reducing thromboembolism, their use is limited by multiple genetic, food, and drug interactions, as well as a narrow therapeutic index that necessitates frequent monitoring and dose adjustments, resulting in considerable bleeding risk and inconvenience. Even with frequent monitoring and dose adjustments, patients taking vitamin K antagonists spend about a third of the time outside the standard target therapeutic range [international normalized ratio (INR), 2.0–3.0]. A substantial portion of interindividual variability in the metabolism and response to warfarin is explained by genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 ( CYP2C9 ) …
Microsoft’s Use of Zero Price Bundling to Fight the “Browser Wars”

The Department of Justice recently took action to prevent Microsoft from requiring personal computer original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) that wish to license Microsoft’s personal computer operating system software, “Windows 95”, to also license and install Microsoft’s browser software, “Internet Explorer”.1 DOJ claims that such a contractual requirement amounts to an illegal tying arrangement, with Microsoft anticompetitively extending the market power it possesses on Windows 95 to the separate, much more competitive, product market of internet browser software. Another claimed anti-competitive practice used by Microsoft, not included in the DOJ complaint, is the setting of a zero price on its browser? Both of these marketing practices have been characterized as having the predatory purpose and effect of driving Netscape, Microsoft’s primary competitor, from the browser market.
Catecholamine physiology in the ovine fetus: III. Maternal and fetal response to acute maternal exercise

A study was made of the effects of maternal exercise on fetal plasma concentrations of catecholamines in nine ewes with chronically catheterized singleton fetuses at 125 to 137 days' gestation. The ewes were subjected to acute treadmill exercise of 2.5 mph for 45 minutes with continuous recording of maternal and fetal blood pressures. Samples of arterial blood were obtained for measurement of catecholamines, glucose, and blood gases. Changes in blood flow in fetal organs in response to maternal exercise were assessed by injection of radioactive microspheres. The maternal plasma catecholamine responses were related to the severity of the exercise stress as indicated by the index of cardiac effort. The fetal responses did not correlate with maternal cardiac effort. A significant decrease in fetal Po2 with a moderate alkalosis occurred, accompanied by a significant elevation in circulating levels of norepinephrine. At the peak of exercise, there was an increase in fetal renal, adrenal, and placental blood flows, as compared to the control period.
Aviation Employment in the US: A Review of Data Sources

The aviation industry—particularly the airline and aviation/aerospace manufacturing segments— has received significant negative attention due to financial and employment losses that it has suffered since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. For example, nearly 150,000 jobs have been reported cut at the airlines and aviation/aerospace manufacturers combined. However, there is little said about the overall aviation industry backdrop for these cuts: How large is US aviation industry employment after these publicly announced cuts? The problem addressed by this research was one of finding sources to determine the overall size and scope of aviation industry employment in the US. A literature review was used that examined government documents, scholarly journals, aviation industry journals and information provided by aviation industry associations. In addition, the results of a telephone survey of the top 100 airline-served airports in the US were utilized. The literature review found that US aviation industry employment as of 2002 ranged from 1,870,400 to 2,169,845 depending on the data sources used to arrive at the total. It was also concluded that there are data details not available from the US Department of Labor employment statistics on the aviation industry that are important to determining a conclusive aviation industry employment estimate.
Media Production as Therapy: A Systematic Review

The rapidly changing communication environment of the digital age has generated needed discussion regarding implications of media technologies for social work practice. Yet scarce research has cons...
Effects of head-only or whole-body exposure to very low doses of 4He (1000 MeV/n) particles on neuronal function and cognitive performance.

Abstract On exploratory class missions, astronauts will be exposed to a range of heavy particles which vary in linear energy transfer (LET). Previous research has shown a direct relationship between particle LET and cognitive performance such that, as particle LET decreases the dose needed to affect cognitive performance also decreases. Because a significant portion of the total dose experienced by astronauts may be expected to come from exposure to low LET 4He particles, it would be important to establish the threshold dose of 4He particles that can produce changes in cognitive performance. The results indicated that changes in neuronal function and cognitive performance could be observed following both head-only and whole-body exposures to 4He particles at doses as low as 0.01–0.025 cGy. These results, therefore, suggest the possibility that astronauts on exploratory class missions may be at a greater risk for HZE-induced deficits than previously anticipated.
A fast spectral method for the inelastic Boltzmann collision operator and application to heated granular gases

Abstract In this paper, we propose a simple fast Fourier spectral method for the inelastic Boltzmann collision operator, with its application to one of the widely used models of granular gases, the inelastic Boltzmann equation with a heating source. Compared to the direct Fourier spectral method, our fast algorithm reduces the computational complexity from O ( N 6 ) to O ( M N 4 log ⁡ N ) per evaluation of the collision operator in three dimensions, where N is the number of discretization points in each velocity dimension and M ≪ N 2 is the number of quadrature points used on the unit sphere. We test the numerical accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method in both two dimensional and three dimensional examples, where in the latter case the famous Haff's cooling law for granular flows is successfully recovered.
Ru-decorated Pt surfaces as model fuel cell electrocatalysts for CO electrooxidation.

This feature article concerns Pt surfaces modified (decorated) by ruthenium as model fuel cell electrocatalysts for electrooxidation processes. This work reveals the role of ruthenium promoters in enhancing electrocatalytic activity toward organic fuels for fuel cells, and it particularly concerns the methanol decomposition product, surface CO. A special focus is on surface mobility of the CO as it is catalytically oxidized to CO2. Different methods used to prepare Ru-decorated Pt single crystal surfaces as well as Ru-decorated Pt nanoparticles are reviewed, and the methods of characterization and testing of their activity are discussed. The focus is on the origin of peak splitting involved in the voltammetric electrooxidation of CO on Ru-decorated Pt surfaces, and on the interpretative consequences of the splitting for single crystal and nanoparticle Pt/Ru bimetallic surfaces. Apparently, screening through the literature allows formulating several models of the CO stripping reaction, and the validity of ...