cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Prefrontal Glutamatergic and Parvalbumin Systems of Mice Exposed to Unpredictable Chronic Stress

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is highly sensitive to the effects of stress, a known risk factor of mood disorders including anxiety and depression. Abnormalities in PFC functioning have been well described in humans displaying stress-induced depressive symptoms, and hypoactivity of the PFC is now recognized to be a key feature of the depressed brain. However, little is known about the causes and mechanisms leading to this altered prefrontal functional activity in the context of stress-related mood disorders. We previously showed that unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) in mice increases prefrontal expression of parvalbumin (PV), an activity-dependent calcium-binding albumin protein expressed in a specific subtype of GABAergic neurons, highlighting a potential mechanism through which chronic stress leads to hypofunction of the PFC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which chronic stress alters the prefrontal GABA system. We hypothesized that chronic stress-induced enhancement of glutamatergic transmission in the PFC is a crucial contributing factor to changes within the prefrontal GABAergic and, specifically, PV system. BALB/c male and female mice were exposed to daily handling (control) or 2 or 4 weeks of UCMS. Female mice displayed a more severe altered phenotype than males, as shown by increased anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and deficits in PFC-dependent cognitive abilities, particularly after exposure to 2 weeks of UCMS. This behavioral phenotype was paralleled by a large increase in prefrontal PV messenger RNA (mRNA) and number of PV-expressing neurons, supporting our previous findings. We further showed that the expression of pre- and postsynaptic markers of glutamatergic transmission (VGlut1 presynaptic terminals and pERK1/2, respectively) onto PV neurons was increased by 2 weeks of UCMS in a sex-specific manner; this was associated with sex-specific changes in the mRNA expression of the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor. These findings provide evidence of increased glutamatergic transmission onto prefrontal PV neurons, particularly in female mice, which could potentially contribute to their increased PV expression and the extent of their behavioral impairment following UCMS. Finally, our analysis of activity of subcortical regions sending glutamatergic afferents to the PFC reveals that glutamatergic neurons from the basolateral amygdala might be specifically involved in UCMS-induced changes in prefrontal glutamatergic transmission.
Conversion from prolonged intravenous fentanyl infusion to enteral methadone in critically ill children

Conversion from prolonged intravenous fentanyl infusion to enteral methadone in critically ill children
0.4-THz wideband imaging transmitter in 65-nm CMOS

A wideband THz imaging transmitter in a 65-nm bulk CMOS process is demonstrated. The TX generates 0.73 mW of peak P out at 448 GHz and operates over a setup-limited bandwidth of 15% by using an energy efficient frequency quadrupler implemented with a cascade of two frequency doublers, and by co-optimizing the power driver and accumulation-mode symmetric MOS varactor frequency tripler. The TX has the highest reported single-element power density and 0.8% (1.66% w/o PLL) DC to RF conversion efficiency after including PLL and driving amplifier power consumption is the highest reported among CMOS and SiGe HBT sources operating above 0.3 THz.
Policy Implications of Remote Sensing in Understanding Urban Environments: Developing a Wetlands Inventory for Community Decision-Making in Lucas County, Ohio

The growth in urbanized land has created a variety of impacts to natural areas. Urbanization has many effects on a wetland in terms of climate, air and water quality, hydrological changes, and boundaries and fragmentation of flora and fauna (Ehrenfeld, 2000). Wetlands must be valued as they provide many public amenities with long-term functions, which may be unrecoverable if the wetlands are lost through development, including drainage, water supply and natural habitat provisions (Mitsch et al, 2000). Because public policy supported the filling and destruction of wetlands for so long, land use planners are often reluctant or uninformed on how to integrate them into urban environments (Tilton, 1995).
Recursive program schemes: past, present, and future

This talk describes work on one of the first applications of algebra to theoretical computer science, the study of recursive program schemes. I would like to put a lot of the past work in perspective and then to describe recent work by Stefan Milius and myself which reworks the classical theory of uninterpreted and interpreted recursive program schemes using tools from coalgebraic recursion theory. Finally, I hope to speculate on whether the new work could be of interest to those pursuing AMAST's goal of ”setting of software technology on a firm, mathematical basis.”
Quantum Jumps and the Single Trapped Barium Ion: Lifetimes, Quenching Rates, and Anomalous Dark Periods

Publisher Summary The realization of the confinement and observation of single, trapped ions has opened new opportunities for spectroscopy. The long interrogation and confinement times for the particles allows the possibility to examine transitions with extremely high transition line Q's without significant transit time broadening. The use of laser cooling has enabled effective reductions in the ion kinetic energy into the millikelvin regime, thus circumventing problems encountered with Doppler broadening and shifts. It is possible to determine whether the ion has undergone an excitation into the metastable level via a weakly-allowed high Q transition with near unity detection efficiency. This chapter discusses a study in which the effect of the background gas environment on the ion was examined by observing the quantum jump statistics of the barium (Ba) ion subject to the presence of buffer gases at pressures the mean collision time being on the order of the decay time of the 2D5/2 metastable level. It also presents an energy level diagram of the lowest electronic energy levels for Ba.
Modeling of trabecular bone as a hierarchical material

Publisher Summary This chapter studies bone as a hierarchical material and predict its elastic properties at several scales, such as nanoscale (below 1 |xm), sub-microscale (1–10 |xm), microscale (10–500 |Jim), mesoscale (0.5–10 cm), and macroscale (1–50 cm). It characterizes bone's hierarchical structure and measures them at several different scales. These serve as inputs in the theoretical study. Then it predicts bone's constitutive laws either analytically or numerically. Numerical methods employed include the finite element, spring network, and beam network approaches. Two types of bone are distinguished in the chapter: high density compact (or cortical) bone forming an outer core and porous trabecular (also called cancellous) bone filling the inner portion. In mechanical terms bone can be described as a hierarchical composite material consisting of several phases. Measurements of mechanical properties are done using the MTS machine and nanoindentation apparatus. The MTS testing machine has been used to determine constitutive (load-deformation curves) relations of bone at mesoscale and the nanoindentation technique (Hysitron apparatus) to determine the properties at lower scales.
A phosphinic acid dipeptide analogue to stabilize peptide drugs during their intranasal absorption.

A major challenge in intranasal delivery of peptides is to overcome the enzymatic barrier that limits their absorption. Aminopeptidase inhibitors may be useful for improving systemic delivery of peptide drugs administered nasally. A phosphinic acid dipeptide analogue, a transition-state analogue aminopeptidase inhibitor in which the phosphinate moiety exists in a tetrahedral state mimicking peptides during their enzymatic hydrolysis, was synthesized and tested nasally in situ in rats. This inhibitor was found to inhibit greatly the degradation of the model peptide leucine-enkaphalin in the nasal perfusate at ≤2 µM concentrations. The nasal peptidase hydrolytic activity was reversible after exposure to the inhibitor. This inhibitor has the advantage of efficacy at very low concentrations and reversibility of effects.
Learning-based game theoretical framework for modeling pedestrian motion

Pedestrians are active agents that undergo a repeated decision-making process while walking. These anisotropic, interactive, and feedback-oriented agents observe their surroundings, anticipate the future state of the network, and decide on their next movements accordingly, while ensuring a collision-free path toward their destination. Aiming at capturing these behavioral characteristics of human agents while walking, the present study puts forward a learning-based game theoretical approach for modeling pedestrian motion in dynamic environments. The proposed game structure provides a technical foundation to analyze optimal decision-making by pedestrians where the outcome of the game for each player's choice depends primarily on the strategies played by other players. This, in turn, ensures the frequently observed collision avoidance behavior of pedestrians while walking. The influence of nearby pedestrians on one's decision-making process and the feedback-oriented behavior of human agents are also captured via incorporating a learning structure. Optimum moving strategies are selected based on Nash equilibria calculations, where everyone is playing optimally given what all other players are playing. The validation results using real-world trajectories of pedestrians provide evidence of the model's capability in describing pedestrian motion and walking behaviors at microscopic as well as macroscopic levels.
Novel etching fluids for potassium dihydrogen phosphate

Absorbing defects such as fractures and contaminants are a leading cause of surface damage in nanosecond pulsed lasers. Etching such defects has proven to be a powerful technique for increasing the laser damage threshold of fused silica, but to date no etching process has been reported for potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4 or KDP) or its deuterated analog (DKDP). We show that physical dissolution in water is a viable strategy for etching DKDP surfaces but surface-redeposited byproducts can serve as laser damage precursors. We use a water-in-oil microemulsion to etch engineered surface fractures in DKDP. Etching widens surface fractures laterally and decreases their optical activity, as measured by photoluminescence. The removal of 1 μm of the surface of a DKDP crystal increases the laser damage threshold (λ = 355 nm, 7 ns) of the engineered surface fractures by 2-4 J/cm2 (15-30%).
Legacy effects of long-term CO2 enrichment on plant biomass recovery from fire seven years after return to ambient CO2 levels1

We sought to determine if elevated CO2 resulted in long-lasting changes to plant structure and function, particularly disturbance response patterns. Minimal legacy effects were observed 1 yr after the termination of a previous long-term experiment; however, those observations were based on 1 yr of data and only focused on fine root growth, herbivory, and arthropod diversity. We examined above- and belowground biomass inside the footprints of chambers from a former long-term elevated CO2 experiment in a scrub-oak community 7 yr after CO2 enrichment ceased and 2 yr after fire. Aboveground biomass was 40.6% higher in the previously elevated plots compared with ambient plots, suggesting that there are legacy effects in the form of more rapid aboveground recovery from fire on previously elevated CO2 plots. Belowground biomass exhibited minimal change since the historic CO2 enrichment, suggesting that differences were a result of the original treatment. After disturbance, regrowth occurs via sprouting from large belowground structures; thus changes in aboveground recovery are likely due to changes to belowground biomass caused by altered atmospheric CO2. Elevated CO2 has significantly affected disturbance recovery patterns in this community. These changes have the potential to alter plant carbon allocation patterns in frequently disturbed systems.
The essential skill set of a resilient emergency manager

The broadened mission of emergency management has required emergency managers to develop and maintain a diverse and evolving set of skills and competencies. While several scholars and practitioners have offered guidance on the skills, competencies, and education needed to be an effective emergency manager, there are other equally important characteristics of an effective emergency manager that have received relatively less attention in the emergency management literature. This article seeks to provide a more comprehensive list of the characteristics of an effective emergency manager by introducing the notion of the resilient emergency manager. A resilient emergency manager is someone who is able to adapt to changing conditions, make agile decisions, function interoperably, mobilize resources, scale programs, policies, and procedures, develop robust collaborative networks, and build redundant emergency management systems. This article concludes with a discussion on how to build and sustain the essential skill set of a resilient emergency manager.
Erratum to: Toward a United Front: a Class Analysis of Social and Political Action

In the article “Toward a United Front: A Class Analysis of Social and Political Action” by Jerry Ulman, several words were omitted from the last sentence on page 20 and the first one on page 21. The sentences should read: “Finally, the elimination of alienation is predicted on the abolition of the private ownership of the major means of production. The following is an attempt to translate a feature of Marx’s theory of alienation into behavioral terms and to show how this behavioral re-conceptualization may be applied in understanding alienated labor in the workplace, with SIDOR serving as an illustration.”
A "Philadelphia-like" Chromosome Derived From the Y in a Patient With Refractory Dysplastic Anemia

A small acrocentric chromosome, identical in appearance to the Philadelphia chromosome of chronic myelocytic leukemia, was identified in all karyotyped marrow cell metaphases prepared from a 74-yr-old male with refractory dysplastic anemia. The abnormal chromosome was shown by quinacrine fluorescent staining to be derived from a Y chromosome which has lost the characteristic brilliantly fluorescent material of its long arms. A normal Y chromosome was consistently observed in karyotypes of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes from this patient.
Nonlocality of Equivariant Star Products on T*( RPn)

Lecomte and Ovsienko constructed SLn+1(R)-equivariant quantization maps Qλ for symbols of differential operators on λ-densities on RP n . We derive some formulas for the associated graded equivariant star products ★λ on the symbol algebra Pol(T* RP n ). These give some measure of the failure of locality. Our main result expresses (for n odd) the coefficients C p (·,·) of ★λ when λ = \(\frac{1}{2}\) in terms of some new SLn+1(C)-invariant algebraic bidifferential operators Z p (·,·) on T* CP n and the operators (E + n/2 ± s)−1 where E is the fiberwise Euler vector field and s ∈ {1, 2, ..., [p/2]}.
NHANES 2011-2014 Reveals Cognition of US Older Adults may Benefit from Better Adaptation to the Mediterranean Diet.

Although the Mediterranean diet (MedD) has gained interest for potential Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prevention, it is unknown how well US older adults follow a MedD. We used two National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2011–2014) to conduct our primary aim of reporting population estimates of MedD adherence among older adults (60+ years) in the US (n = 3068). The mean MedD adherence score for US older adults was 5.3 ± 2.1 (maximum possible = 18), indicating that older adults in the US do not adhere to a MedD. There were various differences in MedD scores across demographic characteristics. We also assessed the cross-sectional relationship between MedD adherence and cognitive performance using survey-weighted ordinary least squares regression and binary logistic regression models adjusted for 11 covariates. Compared to the lowest MedD adherence tertile, the highest tertile had a lower odds ratio of low cognitive performance on three of five cognitive measures (p < 0.05 for each). Sensitivity analyses within participants without subjective memory complaints over the past year revealed similar results on the same three cognitive measures. We conclude that MedD interventions are a departure from usual dietary intake of older adults in the US and are a reasonable approach for AD prevention trials.
SIGACT News Complexity Theory Column 104

My deepest thanks to Sabine Broda, Antonio Machiavelo, Nelma Moreira, and Rogerio Reis for welcoming the year 2020 with their exciting tutorial, \Analytic Combinatorics and Descriptional Complexity of Regular Languages on Average."
TrustSense: An energy efficient trust scheme for clustered wireless sensor networks.

Designing security systems for wireless sensor networks presents a challenge due to their relatively low computational resources. This has rendered many traditional defense mechanisms based on cryptography infeasible for deployment on such networks. Reputation and anomaly detection systems have been implemented as viable alternatives, but existing implementations still struggle with providing efficient security without a significant impact on energy consumption. To address this trade-off between resource consumption and resiliency, we designed TrustSense, a reputation management protocol for clustered WSNs. It is a semi-centralized family of algorithms that combine periodic trust updates, spatial correlation, and packet sequence validation at the cluster-heads' hierarchy to relieve the sensor nodes of unnecessary opinion queries and trust evaluation computation. We compared the efficiency of TrustSense with legacy reputation systems such as EigenTrust and the results of simulations show a significant improvement in reliability and energy usage while maintaining an acceptable path length with varying numbers of malicious nodes. We believe the approach of combining different techniques from various classes of intrusion detection systems unlocks several possibilities of achieving better results by more complex and versatile composition of these techniques.
Multi-Stability Property of Magneto-Kresling Truss Structures

The Kresling truss structure, derived from Kresling-ori, has been widely studied for its bi-stability and various other properties that are useful for diverse engineering applications. The stable states of Kresling trusses are governed by their geometry and elastic response, which involves a limited design space that has been well-explored in previous studies. In this work, we present a novel magneto-Kresling truss design that involves embedding nodal magnets in the structure, which results in a more complex energy landscape, and consequently, greater tunability under mechanical deformation. We explore this energy landscape first along the zero-torque folding path and then release the restraint on the path to explore the complete two-degree-of-freedom behavior for various structural geometries and magnet strengths. We show that the magnetic interaction could alter the potential energy landscape by either changing the stable configuration, adjusting the energy well depth, or both. Energy wells with different minima endow this magneto-elastic structure with an outstanding energy storage capacity. More interestingly, proper design of the magneto-Kresling truss system yields a tri-stable structure, which is not possible in the absence of magnets. We also demonstrate various loading paths that can induce desired conformational changes of the structure. The proposed magneto-Kresling truss design sets the stage for fabricating tunable, scalable magneto-elastic multi-stable systems that can be easily utilized for applications in energy harvesting, storage, vibration control, as well as active structures with shape-shifting capability.
Black Male Executives in Higher Education: The Experience of Ascending the Academic Leadership Ladder

The ProblemThe current pipeline supplying qualified and competent leaders to the upper ranks of higher education appears to prelimit the number of Black males who reach executive status. Even thoug...
Ecosocialism and catastrophe

Facing Catastrophe is the latest published effort of Carl Boggs, a professor of social science in southern California and the author of numerous books on social theory and on international activism...
Factors Motivating Forest Conservation Easement Adoption in Wisconsin's Northwoods

The diversity of ownership of forestlands in the Northwoods Region and the absence of strong local land use regulations represent critical barriers to protecting the health of natural resources. Se...
Ethical Concerns in Grooming the Criminal Defendant for the Witness Stand

In this age of reality television, when just about any area of endeavor is Monday-morning quarterbacked by talking heads of various levels of expertise and vitriol, the criminal trial remains a front contender, whether by virtue of celebrity or heinousness. From Phil Spector’s wig to Scott Peterson’s suit and return to natural hair color, the criminal defendant’s appearance and demeanor at trial are the subject of scrutiny and debate in the media. The media’s attempt to turn this into “entertainment” belies the importance of the criminal defendant’s appearance and comportment at trial to the trier of fact, whether that be judge or jury. And nowhere is the defendant’s behavior more scrutinized than when he is on the witness stand. Consciously or not, the jury evaluates the defendant’s demeanor on the stand and incorporates that assessment into its finding of “credibility.” How a defendant delivers his testimony is often as crucial as what he testifies to. How does defense counsel go about preparing her client for the witness stand?
Convergence and 0–1 laws for L∞,ωk under arbitrary measures

We prove some general results about the existence of 0–1 and convergence laws for L ∞,ω k and L ∞,ω k on classes of finite structures equipped with a sequence of arbitrary probability measures {μ n }, as well as a few results for particular classes. First, two new proofs of the characterization theorem of Kolaitis and Vardi [9] are given. Then this theorem is generalized to obtain a characterization of the existence of L ∞,ω ω convergence laws on a class with arbitrary measure. We use this theorem to obtain some results about the nonexistence of L ∞,ω ω convergence laws for particular classes of structures. We also disprove a conjecture of Tyszkiewicz [16] relating the existence of L ∞,ω ω and MSO 0–1 laws on classes of structures with arbitrary measures.
Multitier Wireless Communications

Next-generation computing systems will be highly integrated using wireless networking. The Rice Everywhere NEtwork (RENE) project is exploring the integration of WCDMA cellular systems, high speed wireless LANs, and home wireless networks to produce a seamless multitier network interface. We are currently developing a simulation acceleration testbed and a multitier network interface card (mNIC) consisting of DSP processors, custom VLSI ASICs, and FPGAs for baseband signal processing to interact with the various RF units and the host processor. This testbed will also allow us to explore high performance algorithm alternatives through computer aided design tools for rapid prototyping and hardware/software co-design of embedded systems.
A Multi-agent System Architecture for End-User Level Grid Monitoring Using Geographic Information Systems (MAGGIS): Architecture and Implementation

This paper illustrates a Multi-Agent system architecture for end-user level Grid monitoring using Geographical Information Systems (MAGGIS). The purpose of this research is to investigate MAGGIS architecture and implementation issues, and to verify the following two hypotheses: 1.) multi-agent systems provide an effective and scalable architecture to synthesize various Grid information providers for monitoring Grid resources; and 2.) geographic information systems (GIS) provide an ideal solution to organizing and managing the geographic aspect of Grid resource information as well as to providing an effective user interface for monitoring Grid status. The MAGGIS framework is implemented in a Grid portal environment based on the open Grid service architecture. It is observed that the MAGGIS not only helps end-users monitor the status of Grid resources, but also provides quick and comprehensive information for resource scheduling and management on behalf of user applications.
The ecology of Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

This chapter discusses about the Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, commonly known as red and purple sea urchins that are important species to the structure of kelp forest communities throughout their long ranges along the west coast of North America. Both animals are exploited for human consumption, and the red urchin is the basis of a major fishery. Purple urchins are widely used for fertilization and developmental biology studies, as well as for human food. As a result, their ecological, economic, and scientific importance, these are probably two of the best known echinoid species in the world. Red and purple urchins have overlapping spawning seasons. Despite extensive overlap in their vertical range, purple urchins are more abundant in shallow, waves wept areas and reds in more sheltered sites; the density of purples decreases with depth whereas reds increase with depth. Nevertheless, both species are found together on reefs throughout kelp forest depths, and their broad distributions suggest similar environmental tolerances.
A controlled-source seismic and gravity study of the High Lava Plains (HLP) of Eastern Oregon

[1] This study employs data collected during the High Lava Plains (HLP) controlled-source seismic experiment conducted in September 2008. In this experiment, 2612 short-period seismic recorders and 120 3-component recorders were deployed across eastern Oregon and adjacent parts of Nevada and Idaho to record 15 seismic sources. Seismic and gravity data were integrated to create 2-D crustal scale P-wave velocity and density models for the ∼400 km long NW-SE and N-S profiles to provide a better understanding of the crustal and upper mantle structure and ultimately the magmatic and tectonic evolution of the region. These models are the first high-resolution images beneath the path of migratory, bi-modal volcanism that dotted the High Lava Plains beginning at 16 Ma. Our models show that the crustal structure across the HLP region is similar to that of the northern Basin and Range which has experienced extension since ∼35 Ma but with moderate magmatic modification of the crust. A thick layer (5–7 km) of sediments and volcanics extends over most of the area and is thickest in the Harney Basin area. We interpret denser/faster material in the lower to middle crust under the southern Harney Basin area to be mafic intraplating. We have also identified a region of denser/faster material in the upper crust in the vicinity of Oregon-Idaho border. The crust thickens from 34 to 37 km, and the lower crust increases in density (2.8–2.85 g/cm3), from west to east across eastern Oregon in close proximity to the interpreted position of the 0.706 Sr isotope line, suggesting a decrease in extension. In the lowermost crust below the southeastern HLP, there is relatively high velocity (7.2–7.4 km/s) and density (2.95 g/cm3) that suggests the presence of underplating. The HLP region has undergone moderate extension, and the average crustal velocity is somewhat higher than in the adjacent Basin and Range, suggesting some magmatic modification in the lower crust, but not as much as might be expected given the voluminous surface volcanism.
Corporate Governance And Firm Characteristics (The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002)

With the current attention focused on the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, it is timely to investigate the characteristics of firms that are early in implementing corporate governance policies pursuant to the Act. Since a relationship between corporate citizenship and financial success has been established in prior research, it is of interest to further probe these associations. The purpose of this particular study is to examine some characteristics of firms that were early in adopting corporate governance policies in response to the Act.
Determining gene moderation of environmental risk factors for a mental disorder: a “perfect storm” of methodological problems

For most of the twentieth century, the focus was on “nature” versus “nurture”, i.e. genetic versus environmental effects on disorders. Now it is increasingly recognized that a disorder may reflect genes and environments “working together”. A gene may moderate an environmental risk factor, it may be mediated by an environmental risk factor. The environmental risk factor may be proxy to the gene, and the two may be independent risk factors. Which of these situations pertain influences both subsequent research and clinical and policy decision-making. However, recent meta-analyses attempting to confirm the Caspi et al. (Science, 301, 386–389, 2003) hypothesis indicate that the methodological issues relating to establishing specifically a moderating effect of a gene on an environmental factor are not well understood. The discussion here concerns the definition of “moderator”, how it is distinct from other ways in which gene and environment can “work together”, the methods needed to establish such a moderator, and the public health significance of such efforts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binary Relations as Primitive Notions in Elementary Geometry

Publisher Summary This chapter considers equidistance and the order of points on a line as the standard primitive notions of Euclidean, hyperbolic, or elliptic geometry. In specific, equidistance is a quaternary relation. The order of points on a line is described by the ternary relation of betweenness in Euclidean or hyperbolic geometry, and by the quaternary relation of cyclic order in elliptic geometry. the ternary relation of a point being equally distant from two other points can be used as the only primitive notion of Euclidean geometry of two or more dimensions. The chapter provides a detailed discussion of Pieri's relation. The chapter also describes binary relation as a suitable primitive notion for elliptic geometry.
Design and Development of Integrated, Secured and Intelligent Architecture for Internet of Things and Cloud Computing

Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing paradigm is a next wave in the era of computing and it has been identified as one of the emerging technologies in the field of Computer Science and Information Technology. It has been understood from the review reports that integration of IoT and Cloud Computing is in its infantile phase and it has not been extended to all application domains due to its inadequate security architecture. Hence, in this paper a novel integrated secured and intelligent architecture for the Internet of Things and Cloud Computing is proposed. This is a unique intelligent architecture adoptable for the public to access diversified smart applications and services distributed in the cloud, anywhere, anytime, any device and any network irrespective of the underlying technologies in a smart environment. The cloud services are integrated and connected through a novel IP/MPLS (Internet Protocol/Multiprotocol Label Switching) core. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is used to ensure complete protection against the security risks such as confidentiality, integrity, privacy and authentication. This model eliminates ambiguity, ensures security with enhanced performance and realizes the vision of "one intelligent smart card for any applications and transactions". The performance of the proposed architecture is tested by establishing a test bed in a simulated environment and the results are reported.
Episodic growth of Holocene tidal marshes in the northeastern United States: A possible indicator of eustatic sea-level fluctuations

Development of coastal marshes during the Holocene submergence of the northeastern United States seems to have been episodic. Radiocarbon dating of the modern marshes indicates that they were generally established within the past 3,000 yr. Initiation of marsh growth was probably related to the marked slowing in the submergence rate that took place in the area about 3,000 to 4,000 yr ago. On the basis of the few available dates of marsh peats from the inner continental shelf, we suggest that previous episodes of marsh growth took place at about 4,700, 5,600, 6,600, 7,700, 8,200, and 8,600 radiocarbon yr ago. These times of marsh growth seem to coincide with proposed times of negative sea-level oscillations, cool climate, and glacial advances. If these oscillations of sea level are climatically controlled, then the data suggest an approximately 1,000-yr cycle of climatic change.
THE ROLE OF THE HYPOPHYSIS AND ADRENALS IN THE CONTROL OF SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE RAT1

THERE IS considerable evidence to show that removal of the hypophysis or the adrenals is followed by a lowering of the blood pressure. A subnormal blood pressure has been recorded for the adrenalectomized rat by both direct and indirect methods (Durant, 1928; Wyman and turn Suden, 1934; Joseph, Schweizer and Gaunt, 1943) These studies, however, were concerned with the determination of blood pressure at a specific time after adrenalectomy. Our interests were to obtain repeated determinations on the same rat over a period of two to three weeks. For this purpose an indirect method for the measurement of systolic blood pressure in the unanesthetized rat was used and repeated blood pressure determinations were recorded for each adrenalectomized rat. Desoxycorticosterone acetate has been used extensively as replacement therapy in patientswith Addison's disease and in adrenalectomized animals.
Alopecia areata presenting in 2 kidney-pancreas transplant recipients taking cyclosporine

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease of uncertain pathogenesis, typically treated with immunomodulators. We report the paradoxical development of AA in two kidney-pancreas transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, which included cyclosporine. Review of the literature revealed only 7 other cases of AA occurring in solid organ transplant recipients; all occurred during long-term cyclosporine therapy. The development of AA in this population highlights the complexity of this immunologic disease.
SEARCHES FOR DISTANT GALAXIES

This thesis presents the results of an extensive search for star-forming galaxies at high redshift. By imaging through narrow-band filters (3-5000 {km s}-1) in the near-infrared K-band, this survey is sensitive to the rest-frame optical emission lines at z>2, which are indicators of star formation. Previous searches have mainly been based on Lyman-α, but are probably fundamentally flawed as this resonantly-scattered line is selectively quenched, and is known to be weak or absent in many star-forming galaxies at high redshift.
Discordant xenoislets from a large animal donor undergo accelerated graft failure rather than hyperacute rejection : Impact of immunosuppression, islet mass, and transplant site on early outcome

Abstract Background. It is not known whether discordant, free, nonvascularized xenoislets—akin to discordant, vascularized, solid xenoorgans — are hyperacutely rejected. Quantitative xenoislet requirements and the optimal transplant site also remain to be defined. Methods. We studied these questions with a discordant dog-to-diabetic Lewis rat xenoislet model, using (1) functional (cure of streptozotocin-induced diabetes) and (2) histologic (biopsies of intraportal grafts) parameters. WF-to-Lewis alloislet recipients served as histologic controls. Results. (1) We found that 5000 xenoislet equivalents (IEs) transplanted into the portal veins of nonimmunosuppressed rats never functioned. Peritransplant combination therapy (rapamycin, cyclosporin A, anti-rat lymphocyte serum) significantly prolonged graft survival of 5000 intraportal IEs (median, 3 days) but not of 2500 intraportal or of 5000 intraperitoneal or renal subcapsular IEs. (2) By means of immunofluorescence (at 1 hour after transplantation), we noted immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG binding to islets in xenografts but not allografts; we noted complement and fibrinogen binding in both xenografts and allografts. Insulin-positive islet cells within intact xenoislets were demonstrated in nonimmunosuppressed rats up to 48 hours after transplantation. Cellular xenograft infiltration and inflammation, beginning at 6 hours, were observed even in immunosuppressed rats. (3) Thus, in spite of IgM and IgG binding, intraportal discordant xenoislets were not hyperacutely rejected and destroyed. Nevertheless, universal xenoislet nonfunction in nonimmunosuppressed rats was immune mediated. A large xenoislet mass (more than 10,000 IEs/kg), the intraportal site, and combination therapy were absolute prerequisites for immediate function. But even if the prerequisites were all fulfilled, accelerated xenoislet graft failure occurred. Conclusions. This outcome suggests that the specific binding of IgM and IgG to xenoislets, in conjunction with the binding of complement and fibrinogen, contributed to accelerated graft failure. Thus distinction between discordant and concordant species combinations is important for free, nonvascularized xenoislet transplants. These findings and the steroid-free combination protocol (rapamycin, cyclosporin A, anti-T-cell therapy) warrant further testing in preclinical discordant xenoislet studies.
The relationship between science and technology

Abstract Science, technology and innovation each represent a successively larger category of activities which are highly interdependent but distinct. Science contributes to technology in at least six ways: (1) new knowledge which serves as a direct source of ideas for new technological possibilities; (2) source of tools and techniques for more efficient engineering design and a knowledge base for evaluation of feasibility of designs; (3) research instrumentation, laboratory techniques and analytical methods used in research that eventually find their way into design or industrial practices, often through intermediate disciplines; (4) practice of research as a source for development and assimilation of new human skills and capabilities eventually useful for technology; (5) creation of a knowledge base that becomes increasingly important in the assessment of technology in terms of its wider social and environmental impacts; (6) knowledge base that enables more efficient strategies of applied research, development, and refinement of new technologies. The converse impact of technology on science is of at least equal importance: (1) through providing a fertile source of novel scientific questions and thereby also helping to justify the allocation of resources needed to address these questions in an efficient and timely manner, extending the agenda of science; (2) as a source of otherwise unavailable instrumentation and techniques needed to address novel and more difficult scientific questions more efficiently. Specific examples of each of these two-way interactions are discussed. Because of many indirect as well as direct connections between science and technology, the research portfolio of potential social benefit is much broader and more diverse than would be suggested by looking only at the direct connections between science and technology.
Bosmina remains in lake sediment as indicators of zooplankton community composition

We measured Bosmina spp. mucro and antennule lengths in surface sediment samples from Wisconsin lakes to test whether such measures could be used to reconstruct zooplankton community composition and size structure in paleolimnological studies. Our data set included 58 lakes of various depths, water chemistry, trophic state, macrophyte cover, and zooplankton community composition. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination (NMS) and simple correlation analysis to assess whether mucro and antennule measurements reflect the zooplankton community size structure. Bosmina mucro length (r = 0.727, p < 0.05) and antennule length (r = 0.360, p < 0.05) correlated with the NMS axis, which essentially represents zooplankton community size structure. Bosmina mucro length correlated positively with the abundance of the large-bodied zooplankter Epischura lacustris (r = 0.364, p < 0.01), as well as Diacyclops thomasi (r = 0.256, p < 0.05), and Leptodiaptomus minutus (r = 0.578, p ≤ 0.001), but correlated negatively with the abundance of the small-bodied zooplankter Tropocyclops prasinus (r = −0.385, p < 0.01). Bosmina antennule length correlated positively with the abundance of L. minutus (r = 0.344, p < 0.01) and negatively with T. prasinus (r = −0.258, p < 0.05). This broad, spatial scale assessment supports the use of Bosmina mucro and antennule lengths as a proxy for zooplankton community size structure. Mucro length is a stronger indicator of zooplankton community size structure as seen in its strong correlation with the NMS axis 1 and the significant correlations with abundance of predatory copepods.
d-Cycloserine for the augmentation of an attentional training intervention for trait anxiety

Abstract The present study investigates the combination of two novel strategies for the treatment of anxiety that resulted from translational research. We examined whether the putative memory enhancer, d -cycloserine (DCS), offered benefit to procedures designed to train attention away from threat. Participants were 44 adults selected on the basis of high trait anxiety. In this randomized study, DCS or placebo was administered 1 h prior to attentional training away from threat using the dot probe task. On the following day, the effectiveness of this training was assessed along with emotional reactivity following two stressful tasks. We found that the addition of DCS resulted in significantly stronger reduction in attentional bias toward threat relative to placebo, but found no additive effects for the DCS condition on subsequent emotional reactivity. These results provide initial support for the efficacy of DCS for augmenting attentional training tasks; potential strategies for enhancing these results are discussed.
Ionospheric storm of 4–5 August 1972 in the Asia-Australia-Pacific sector

Abstract The ionospheric storm of 4–5 August 1972 is analyzed using data from 35 middle and low latitude ionospheric stations and 7 magnetic stations in the Asia-Australia-Pacific longitude sector. The largest ionospheric and geomagnetic disturbances were both observed in the mid-Pacific. Strong upward electrodynamic drifts occurred in the western Pacific during the initial phase of the storm. True-height profiles of electron density in the Pacific area show that the ionosphere was raised during the first several hours after the geomagnetic storm sudden commencement, that large variations later occurred in the mid-Pacific, possibly caused by wave-like thermospheric winds, and that the F -layer was reduced in density and raised in height during the main phase of the storm on the following day. Synoptic pictures of the variations in foF 2 are presented, showing that electron density enhancements occurred during the storm initial phase in the western Pacific at middle latitudes, peaking in the 20°–45° geomagnetic latitude range, and becoming density deficits during the storm main phase. The observed variations are interpreted in terms of possible physical mechanisms.
Collective Memory in Contemporary Poland and Pre-Independence (1918) Warfare: An Early 21st Century Foreign Traveler's Observations concerning Polish Battlefield Memorials

This essay examines war memorials in contemporary Poland. The article also analyzes Polish historical memory through the prism of three theories of collective memory discussed by Nachman Ben-Yehuda. To the eye of a foreign observer, Polish memorialization of pre-1918 battle sites appears strange. Significant battlefields from the Seven Years War (1756-1763) and World War I are largely ignored in favor of emphasis on medieval battlefields. The author argues that this pattern reflects both Polish ethnocentric nationalism and a desire to forget the many years during which German-speaking peoples controlled portions of present-day Poland. The author maintains that Poland’s early Cold War-era policy of de-Germanization of cultural sites is no longer appropriate for contemporary Poland - a member of the European Union.
Reverse Ventricular Remodeling by Estrogen Therapy in a Rat Model of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) leads to right-ventricular hypertrophy and failure(RVF). RVF involves adverse remodeling of the ventricular extracellular matrix(ECM). Recently we found that estrogen (E2) rescues PH-induced RVF. Here we investigated the effects of E2 on ECM homeostasis. To induce PH, rats were injected with monocrotaline. At day21, when PH had established, rats either received E2 (E2-group) for 10 days or were left untreated to develop RVF (RVF-group). Some E2 treated rats were sacrificed at day 30, and some were kept 12 days after E2-withdrawal until day 42 (E2-W-group). Echocardiography, immunohistochemistry, Western Blot and RT-PCR were performed. The RVF-group developed severe PH and RV failure with significantly depressed RV ejection fraction (RVEF=30.4±1.8%,n=8 vs. 65.1±1.7%,n=5 in control). E2-therapy resulted in significant improvements in RVEF in E2-group (61.5±0.8%,n=10) that further improved in E2-W(63.1±0.9%,n=6). Structural changes in RV were also observed in the RVF-group including fibrosis and re-expression of the ECM proteins Osteopontin (OPN) and Osteocalcin(OCN). OPN and OCN transcripts were significantly upregulated in RVF(4.5 and 2-fold, respectively). OCN protein was also upregulated 2-fold in RVF. Interestingly, although OPN and OCN transcripts in E2-group were similar to RVF, OPN transcripts and OCN protein levels in E2-W were fully restored to their values in healthy controls. Upregulation of OPN and OCN in RVF and their persistence in E2 suggest their role in mitigating adverse ventricular remodeling. Next, we investigated possible regulation of ECM-degrading enzymes A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM)15 and ADAM17 in PH and by E2 therapy. Both ADAM transcripts were significantly upregulated in RVF and E2(∼2.5 and 2-fold, respectively) and were restored to control levels in E2-W. These results suggest that a short-term E2-therapy leads to reverse ECM remodeling which could contribute to long-term functional improvements in the RV even after removal of E2.
Adaptive multiuser receiver with joint channel and time delay estimation of CDMA signals based on the square-root unscented filter

The paper discusses an adaptive multiuser receiver for CDMA systems in which the scaled unscented filter (SUF) and the square root unscented filter (SURF) are used for joint estimation and tracking of the code delays and multipath coefficients of the received CDMA signals. The proposed channel estimators are more near-far resistant than the conventional extended Kalman filter (EKF) and present lower complexity than the conventional particle filter (PF) based methods. To present meaningful performance measures, the modified Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and computational complexity metrics are derived for the proposed and existing channel estimators. Computer simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed channel estimators. The proposed estimators are also shown to exhibit lower complexity relative to the PF.