cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Community-level tobacco interventions: perspective of managed care.

The work of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services (TFCPS) is an impressive contribution to the growing body of rigorous, evidence-based recommendations to reduce the prevalence of tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. As is pointed out often and in many contexts, rates of tobacco use are unacceptably high in this country, and it remains the largest contributor to premature morbidity and mortality from tobacco-related diseases. It is not surprising that rigorous evidence reviews result in comparable recommendations. The TFCPS’s health care system‐level recommendations are similar to those in the recently published U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) clinical practice guideline on treating tobacco use and dependence 1 and they address the critical elements of effective tobacco control strategies at the individual, practice, and organizational levels. 2 At the individual level, the TFCPS recommends multicomponent programs (e.g., counseling and pharmacotherapy) that include telephone support. At the practice level, the TFCPS recommends the use of provider reminders such as chart stickers and vital sign stamps, as well as provider education on how to motivate and reinforce smokers for efforts to quit tobacco use. At the organizational level, the TFCPS recommends reducing patient costs for effective treatments. Strategies at each of these levels are necessary to achieve the full promise of health care system efforts to reduce tobacco use prevalence. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are poised to be leaders in implementing these evidence-based guidelines and recommendations. A cornerstone of managed care has been its clinical preventive care focus. Although there are many different permutations of “managed care,” at a minimum, MCOs have service delivery systems with an identifiable group of accountable primary care providers to whom they can provide performance incentives and/or reimbursement for addressing tobacco use. MCOs also have centralized resources for quality improvement that include staff and systems to review and customize evidence-based guidelines and to conduct provider education. Finally, MCOs’ centralized data systems can be adapted for population-based tracking registries and to provide feedback on practice patterns. Moreover, MCOs are motivated to implement tobacco guidelines when accreditation organizations such as the National Committee on Quality Assurance include tobacco-related measures such as smoking-cessation advice as benchmarks for quality of care. Unfortunately, implementation of tobacco-related, evidence-based guidelines has been less than optimal. A recent national survey of MCOs found that less than 10% of the respondents had fully implemented the recommendations included in the 1996 Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR; since 1999,
Macrophage phagocytosis and membrane fluidity in mice: The effect of age and dietary protein

Abstract Male C57BL/6NNia mice were used to investigate the effects of age and dietary protein intake on Fc and C3b receptor-mediated phagocytosis and on membrane fluidity. Six-month-old (adult) and 24-month-old (aged) mice were fed a 6% or 25% protein diet for 3,5, or 6 at which time thioglycollate elicited peritoneal macrophages were isolated. Both binding of IgG-coated sheep red blood cells to the macrophages and ingestion via the Fc-receptor were identical in all 4 groups after 3 and 6 weeks of feeding but were decreased at 5 weeks in the aged animals fed 6% protein. Phagocytosis via the C3b receptor was not depressed in either age group fed the low protein diet; it was, however, augmented significantly in the aged animals fed the 25% protein diet for 5 and 6 weeks. Membrane fluidity of the plasma membrane outer hemileaflet was monitored with an impermeant fluorescent probe. No changes were observed between adult and aged mice maintained up to 6 weeks on the diets.
Hydromagnetic convection at a heated semi-infinite vertical plate

Abstract Numerical results are presented for the transient and steady-state velocity field, temperature field, and heat transfer characteristics. These results are obtained by solving the highly nonlinear partial differential equations describing the conservation of mass, momentum and energy (with variable fluid properties) by an explicit finite-difference method in time-dependent form. Two cases are studied, namely the hydromagnetic (HM) case and the hydrodynamic (HD) case. Values of the velocity components u and v (absolute) in the HD case are larger than those in the HM case. Quite opposite is the phenomenon in the case of the temperature field θ. Further, the velocity and temperature fields are more prominent in the presence of heat sources than in their absence. Numerical results indicate that the presence of magnetic field delays attainment of the steady-state condition. Furthermore, in the hydromagnetic case, it is observed that the variable fluid-property has almost negligible effect on the flow and heat transfer characteristics, which is contrary to that in the hydrodynamic case.
Interaction of a group of dislocations within the framework of the continuum Frenkel-Kontorova model

The Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model of edge dislocation is analyzed. Solutions of the continuum limit of the FK model [the sine-Gordon (SG) equation] are obtained in a form convenient for investigation of dynamics of a large number of interacting dislocations. We consider, based on these solutions, some nonstationary processes: dislocation generation, diffusion of dislocations, and crack-dislocation interaction. Simple relations connecting the velocity of plastic deformation, density and velocity of dislocations, and the force of interaction between dislocations are obtained. The nucleation of dislocations at a moving crack tip is described.
Speech-Tracking Performance in Single-Channel Cochlear Implant Subjects

This study evaluated 20 deaf adults' ability to understand connected discourse under two conditions: (a) lipreading alone (LA), and (b) lipreading plus electrical stimulation by a single-channel co...
Strengthening mechanisms of Ag/Ni immiscible multilayers with fcc/fcc interface

Abstract We investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of sputtered face-centered cubic (fcc) Ag/Ni multilayers with varying individual layer thickness h of 1–200 nm deposited on Si (100) and Si (111) substrates. Both multilayer systems have similar fiber texture with predominantly incoherent Ag/Ni interfaces. Superlattice structure arises when h decreases to less than 5 nm. Indentation hardness of both Ag/Ni systems shows similar significant size dependence when h > 3 nm. Strengthening mechanisms in Ag/Ni systems are discussed and compared to those in Cu/Ni and Ag/Cu systems with fcc/fcc interfaces.
Simulation of fluidized beds and other fluid-particle systems using statistical mechanics

The expansion behavior and structural phenomena of fluid-particle systems was simulated using a method analogous to the Monte Carlo method for molecular systems. Individual particles are moved, and the resulting moves are accepted or declined based on the change in the system’s potential energy and the average kinetic energy of the system. Several fluid - particle systems have been successfully predicted with the model including colloidal particle concentration profiles and random packing of unifom spheres. Additionally, predictions of steady-state fluidized-bed expansion characteristics for uniformly sized stainless-steel spheres and narrowly distributed nickel and glass spheres show excellent agreement with the theoretical model used in the simulation and satisfactory agreement with experimental data. Dynamic expansion predictions of both bed height and overall bed structure as a function of time also agree with the experimental data.
Protoluminescence study of ultra-high vacuum cleaved germanium

Abstract We have studied the photoluminescence of Ge samples cleaved in ultra-high vacuum to better understand the role of intrinsic surface states in radiative and non-radiative recombination. We find that the surface states associated with the as-cleaved surface (2 × 1 reconstructed 〈111〉) are very efficient in quenching the band-to-band recombination at T ∼ 90 K. The transitions through surface states are predominantly non-radiative. The adsorption of oxygen, up to a half monolayer, markedly reduces this quenching effect by removing the surface state bands. Some preliminary experimental results on the question of radiative transitions involving the surface states is presented. No luminescence unambiguously attributable to surface state transitions is observed for wavelengths shorter than 5 μm.
The diagnostic performance of the Mass Restricted (MR) score in the identification of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity or intra-amniotic inflammation is not superior to amniotic fluid interleukin-6.

AbstractObjective: Intra-amniotic infection/inflammation are major causes of spontaneous preterm labor and delivery. However, diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection is challenging because most are subclinical and amniotic fluid (AF) cultures take several days before results are available. Several tests have been proposed for the rapid diagnosis of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) or intra-amniotic inflammation. The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic performance of the AF Mass Restricted (MR) score in comparison with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) for the identification of MIAC or inflammation.Methods: AF samples were collected from patients with singleton gestations and symptoms of preterm labor (n = 100). Intra-amniotic inflammation was defined as >100 white blood cells/mm3 (WBCs) in AF; MIAC was defined as a positive AF culture. AF IL-6 and MMP-8 were determined using ELISA. The MR score was obtained using the Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption Ion...
Asymmetries in Infant Cross-Modal Transfer

3 groups of 12-month-olds were tested for cross-modal and intramodal transfer of information about shape. Infants were given either visual (V) or tactual (T) familiarization and then tested for visual recognition (V-V, T-V) or tactual recognition (T-T, V-T). Transfer was tested after either 15, 30, or 60 sec familiarization. Overall, intramodal transfer was superior to cross-modal transfer. Whereas the V-V condition was easiest of all, the T-T condition proved easier than V-T cross-modal transfer, although it was no more difficult than T-V transfer; cross-modal asymmetries appeared, with T-V easier than V-T. The asymmetry in cross-modal transfer could not be explained by intramodal factors. Possible bases for cross-modal asymmetries were discussed.
Food for thought: Teacher nonverbal immediacy, student learning, and curvilinearity

An experimental study manipulating three levels of teacher nonverbal immediacy indicated, contrary to most previous research and theorizing on immediacy, that the variable has an inverted U curvilinear relationship with cognitive, affective, and behavioral learning. In other words, moderately high teacher immediacy is more effective in helping students learn than either excessively high or low immediacy. The study included a measure of actual student behavior in addition to behavioral attitudes and intentions.
THE STRENGTHS OF FAMILIES COPING WITH SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESS

This article outlines a descriptive study that sought to document the strengths of families with members suffering from serious and persistent mental illnesses. The families of the mentally ill were compared with normative families on the variables of family stressors, family coping, and family health. The results indicate that although the families of the mentally ill have significantly more stressors than normative families, they have clear strengths relative to family coping and the family health subconcepts of adaptability and conflict management. The impact of the serious mental illness was found in their affective evaluations of the family unit on the family health subconcepts of cohesion and satisfaction.
Macintosh shareware/freeware earthscience software

Abstract There are a number of widely scattered freeware/shareware web sites where Macintosh software of interest to earth scientists is available. Though the software varies greatly in its functionality and currency, many excellent programs are free for the asking or are available at low shareware prices.
Measurement of electrotextiles for high frequency applications

Two methods to measure effective surface resistance and conductivity of different classifications of electrotextile are presented. A waveguide technique is applicable for materials that are metal plated after forming the textile. The measurement data of two different conductive fibers is provided. Alternately, a resonant transmission line is useful for weave patterns consist of conductive and insulating materials. Detailed discussion of woven fabric is presented, specifically the isolation of dielectric and conductive loss. Measured and simulated results for conductivity are presented, along with techniques to separate different aspects of textile material.
TREATMENT OF WOMEN WITH THE GALACTORRHEA-AMENORRHEA SYNDROME WITH PYRIDOXINE (VITAMIN B6)

Three women with the galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome and elevated prolactin concentrations experienced a return of regular ovulatory menses within 37-94 days after starting pyridoxine treatment (200-600 mg/day). In each the galactorrhea ceased and serum prolactin levels were maintained in the normal range while taking pyridoxine. In two other women with prolonged secondary amenorrhea but without hyperprolactinemia or galactorrhea, pyridoxine at dosages up to 600 mg/day did not restore ovulatory menses. Pyridoxine treatment was also ineffective in decreasing profuse galactorrhea in one woman with normal prolactin levels and regular ovulatory menses. In the three women effectively treated with pyridoxine, the galactorrhea returned, serum prolactin levels increased, and the menses ceased after discontinuing pyridoxine. These results imply that pyridoxine, by decreasing the excessive secretion of prolactin, may be useful in the long-term medical management of women with hyperprolactinemia and the galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome.
The Impact of Rurality on 30-Day Preventable Readmission, Illness Severity, and Risk of Mortality for Heart Failure Medicare Home Health Beneficiaries.

Purpose To examine the impact of rurality on 30-day preventable readmission, and the illness severity and risk of mortality for 30-day preventable readmissions. Methods We analyzed heart failure Medicare beneficiaries who received home health services for postacute care after hospital discharge in 2009. The study was a cross-sectional design with the unit of analysis as the home health episode for postacute care. Data sources included the following: Medicare Beneficiary Summary File, Medicare Provider Analysis Review, Outcome Assessment Information Set, Home Health Agency Research Identifiable File, and Area Health Resources File. The dependent variables were 30-day preventable readmission, and the extreme/major level of illness severity and of risk of mortality for a 30-day preventable readmission. The key independent variable was rurality defined as remote rural, adjacent rural, and micropolitan areas, with urban areas in the reference group. Findings Home health beneficiaries in remote rural areas had 27% lower 30-day preventable readmission than those in urban areas. Home health beneficiaries in adjacent rural areas were 33% less likely to have high illness severity at readmission due to a preventable condition than those in urban areas. Conclusions Geographical location affects preventable readmission and illness severity of preventable readmission. Patients’ geographic location along with patients’ risk factors should be taken into consideration in the risk adjustment model for the financial incentive program that penalizes home health agencies with high preventable readmissions.
Cyclic Magnetic Actuation for Potential Characterization of Interfacial Fatigue Fracture

An innovative fixtureless test technique to study interfacial fatigue fracture in thin film stacks is proposed and implemented. Cyclic noncontact magnetic actuation is employed to supply the fatigue crack driving force along the interface between a released metal thin film cantilever and the supporting substrate. In-situ crack growth measurements with nanometer resolution are possible through electrical resistance monitoring of nanoscale metal traces that are located along the edge of the delaminating interface. Ti/Au nano metal traces are fabricated using electron-beam lithography and characterized to show stable electrical behavior. The fatigue test results were then used to assess the reliability of micro contact springs under fatigue loading for wafer probing applications.
Shared memory multiprocessors and sequential programming languages: a case study

The Chrysalis operating system for the BBN Butterfly parallel processor provides a flexible, object-oriented, shared-memory environment for parallel programming. C++ is a safe, sequential, object-oriented programming language. The pairing of these environments is seen potentially as a natural fit. The development of Chrysalis++, and interface between C++ and Chrysalis, indicates that subtle assumptions within each system lead to surprising inconsistencies. Any combination of sequential programming language and shared-memory multiprocessor operating system is likely to be plagued by these inconsistencies because they center around differing assumptions on the nature of the computational environment. The author describes some of the inconsistencies that arose during the development of Chrysalis++ and suggests possible solutions. >
How Does Channel Estimation Error Affect Average Sum-Rate in Two-Way Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks?

This paper studies the impact of channel estimation error on the performance of a two-way amplify-and-forward (AF) relay network and investigates the optimal transmit resource allocation that minimizes the impact. In particular, we consider a three node network, consisting of two user terminals \mathbb{T}_A and \mathbb{T}_B and a half duplex relay node \mathbb{R}, where only \mathbb{T}_A and \mathbb{T}_B are equipped with channel estimators. Assuming block flat fading channel model, we adopt two estimation theoretic performance metrics, namely the Bayesian Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and the mean-squared error (MSE) of the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) channel estimate, and an information theoretic performance metric, namely the average sum-rate lower bound, as our optimality criteria. For a fixed transmission block length and under the total transmit power constraint, we investigate the optimal training vector design, the optimal number of training symbols in the training vector, the optimal power allocation between training and data in a transmission block, and the optimal power allotment between three nodes, such that these performance metrics are optimized, via utilizing bi-objective optimization methods. Our simulation results demonstrate that the optimal solutions corresponding to each performance metric vary, as the relay location and the system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) change. They also reveal interesting symmetry relationship between these optimal solutions and the relay location.
High-fidelity and high-speed modeling and simulation for power conversion systems

High fidelity and high-speed modeling and simulation are essential analytical tools for the design of sophisticated large-scale power conversion systems, like Oil and Gas compressor drives, Wind and Solar converters, and MRI gradient drivers. This paper presents various approaches to the dynamic modeling of power electronics components, new topologies and their control applicable to their system design and analysis. Discussions on the practical technical issues in the system modeling and simulation will also be presented, with a few demonstrative examples of the power converters in as used in power generation and in compressor drives for Oil and Gas.
Epidemiology of nursemaid's elbow.

Introduction: To provide an epidemiological description of radial head subluxation, also known asnursemaid’s elbow, from a database of emergency department visits.Methods: We conducted a retrospective medical record review of patients 6 years of age and younger,who presented to the ED between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2012, and were diagnosed withnursemaid’s elbow. Inclusion criteria consisted of chart information, including date, unique accountnumber, medical record number, weight, age, sex, and arm affected. Exclusion criteria included anycharts with missing or incomplete data.Results: There were 1,228 charts that met inclusion criteria. The majority of patients were female(60%). The mean age was 28.6 months (612.6). The left arm was affected 60% of the time.Most of the included patients were over the 75th percentile for weight and more than one quarter wereover the 95th percentile in each gender.Conclusion: The average age of children presenting with nursemaid’s elbow was 28.6 months.Females were affected more than males, and the left arm was predominately affected. Most patientswere above the 75th percentile for weight and more than one quarter were over the 95th percentile forweight. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):554–557.]
Multistatic adaptive pulse compression

A new technique denoted as multistatic adaptive pulse compression (MAPC) is introduced which exploits recent work on adaptive pulse compression (APC) in order to jointly separate and pulse compress the concurrently received return signals from K proximate multistatic radars operating (i.e., transmitting) within the same spectrum. For the return signal from a single pulse of a monostatic radar, APC estimates the particular receive filter for a given range cell in a Bayesian sense reiteratively by employing the matched filter estimates of the surrounding range cell values as a priori knowledge in order to place temporal (i.e., range) nulls at the relative ranges occupied by large targets and thereby suppress range sidelobes to the level of the noise. The MAPC approach generalizes the APC concept by jointly estimating the particular receive filter for each range cell associated with each of several concurrently-received radar return signals occupying the same spectrum. As such, MAPC is found to enable shared-spectrum multistatic operation and is shown to yield substantial performance improvement in the presence of multiple spectrum-sharing radars as compared with both standard matched filters and standard least-squares mismatched filters
PRODUCTION OF THRESHOLD LEVELS OF CONSCIOUS SENSATION BY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF HUMAN SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX

THE PRESENT WORK is part of a more general investigation into neuro-physiological activities of the cerebral cortex which may be involved in the elaboration or mediation of conscious sensation. The primary concern in these studies is the dynamics of the processes involved, rather than their topographical representation.
Extracting structured information from user queries with semi-supervised conditional random fields

When search is against structured documents, it is beneficial to extract information from user queries in a format that is consistent with the backend data structure. As one step toward this goal, we study the problem of query tagging which is to assign each query term to a pre-defined category. Our problem could be approached by learning a conditional random field (CRF) model (or other statistical models) in a supervised fashion, but this would require substantial human-annotation effort. In this work, we focus on a semi-supervised learning method for CRFs that utilizes two data sources: (1) a small amount of manually-labeled queries, and (2) a large amount of queries in which some word tokens have derived labels, i.e., label information automatically obtained from additional resources. We present two principled ways of encoding derived label information in a CRF model. Such information is viewed as hard evidence in one setting and as soft evidence in the other. In addition to the general methodology of how to use derived labels in semi-supervised CRFs, we also present a practical method on how to obtain them by leveraging user click data and an in-domain database that contains structured documents. Evaluation on product search queries shows the effectiveness of our approach in improving tagging accuracies.
Connectedness in the scale of uniform subspaces of R

Kent [4] showed that each uniform space (S, u) could be embedded in a complete, uniform lattice, called the scale of (S, u). The scale was first introduced by Bushaw [3] for studying stability in topological dynamics. In [5], the notions of connectedness and local connectedness were studied. This note is a follow-up of [5]; the purpose being to characterise the uniform subspaces of the reals, R, which have connected (locally connected) scales. The reader is asked to refer to [5] for definitions and notation not given here.
Modeling acoustic attenuation of soft tissue with a minimum-phase filter.

Soft biological tissue has been observed to exhibit an acoustic attenuation log-magnitude characteristic which increases as an approximately linear function of frequency. This paper describes the implementation of a finite-impulse-response (FIR) digital filter model for simulating this behavior on a digital computer. To inaure that the filter is causal, the minimum-phase conatraint is imposed. For minimum-phase filters, the log-magnitude and phase characteristics form a Hilbert Transform pair. The discrete-time Hilbert Transform of the linear logmagnitude characteristic was evaluated to determine the phase of the filter. The inverse Fonrier Transform of the resulting real and imaginary components of the frequency transform produces the finite-duration unitsample response of the digital filter model. Experimental results using plexiglas material, which has a linear-with-frequency loss characteristic, indicate that the minimum-phase model is more accurate than the linear-phase model, resulting in a rms error between predicted and observed time waveforms that is 3 times maller. The effects of varying the sampling period and the size of the FIR filter are discussed. A FORTRAN program to calculate the minimum-phase unit-sample response from the slope of the logmagnitude characteristic is included in the Appendix.
Toward a Geographically-Integrated, Connected World History: Employing Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Over the past decade, historical groups, ranging from the Organization of American Historians to the World History Association, have called for research and teaching focused on the ways that the history of any place has been shaped by the place's interactive connections to other geographic locations. This work demands the aggregation and connection of a huge amount of information, which is increasingly possible due to advances in information management technologies. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) appears to be a particularly attractive technology for data management, visualization, and analysis by world historians. However, historians relying on existing off-the-shelf GIS software must exercise care that the technology does not begin to control their questions. Instead, historians must shape the software development agenda to get what they need to pursue the issues they feel are most important for understanding world history. To expose the limitations and possibilities of current GIS, this article presents the research difficulties of two giants of the field who did not use this information technology, Joseph R. Levenson and Andre Gunder Frank. On the basis of this discussion, the article suggests how GIS can be used effectively to create a more geographically-integrated, connected world history, which can be queried at any scale from the global to the individual in order to improve understanding.
Cadmium–carbon wavenumber analysis using B3LYP level theory calculations in investigations of dimethylcadmium decomposition

Computational chemistry has been widely used to understand homogeneous reactions and to support spectroscopy analysis. Thus, it is a useful tool to understand gas-phase dynamics of metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). In this study, we report that the basis set selection possibly results in unequivocal peak assignment in Raman spectroscopy, especially when an effective core potential (ECP) is employed. The basis set selection for the decompositionof dimethylcadmium (DMCd), for example, was examined using five different ECPs (i.e. CRENBS, CRENBL, SDD, LanL2DZ and SBKJC for Cd atom combined with STO-3G, 3-21G, 6-31G(d), 6-311G(d) and 6-311++G(2d,2p) for C and H atoms). The analyses demonstrated that the SDD/STO-3G/3-21G combination for Cd/C/H atoms best reproduce the experimentally reported CdC vibrational stretching modes of Cd(CH3)2 (DMCd) and •CdCH3 (MMCd). Although the SDD/STO-3G/3-21G combination consists of simple and basic basis sets, we found that a good potential balance between metal (Cd) and auxiliary (C) atoms is essential to estimate frequencies suitable for spectroscopy analysis computationally. The same combination of basis set was then used to examine other possible reaction steps, and Raman experiments successfully detected one of the suggested intermediates of (CdCH3)2. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Algebra of Synchronization with Application to Deadlock and Semaphores

Modern multiprocessor architectures have exacerbated problems of coordinating access to shared data, in particular as regards to the possibility of deadlock. For example semaphores, one of the most basic synchronization primitives, present difficulties. Djikstra defined semaphores to solve the problem of mutual exclusion. Practical implementation of the concept has, however, produced semaphores that are prone to deadlock, even while the original definition is theoretically free of it. This is not simply due to bad programming, but we have lacked a theory that allows us to understand the problem. We introduce a formal definition and new general theory of synchronization. We illustrate its applicability by deriving basic deadlock properties, to show where the problem lies with semaphores and also to guide us in finding some simple modifications to semaphores that greatly ameliorate the problem. We suggest some future directions for deadlock resolution that also avoid resource starvation.
Accurate 13C-15N Distance Measurements in Uniformly 13C,15N-Labeled Peptides

The ability to accurately measure 13C-15N dipolar couplings corresponding to internuclear distances in the 3–6 A regime is important for constraining the three-dimensional structure of biological solids. Solid-state NMR (SSNMR) methods for heteronuclear distance measurements in isolated spin pairs are now well-established and will continue to provide valuable structural information [1,2]. However, these methods require synthesis of molecules isotopically labeled in a pairwise fashion, which can be both laborious and expensive. Thus, there is a clear motivation for the development of analogous SSNMR methods for larger spin systems, where multiple internuclear distances can be determined [3–5]. However, in multispin systems 13C-15N distance measurements have the potential to be complicated by the presence of multiple homonuclear and heteronuclear spin-spin couplings.
A study of Glottal waveform features for deceptive speech classification

Previous work in detection of deceptive speech has largely focused on prosodic, vocal tract, and lexical features. Glottal waveform features have been shown to be useful discriminators for various types of speaker affect and warrant further study within the context of deception detection. This paper reports on speaker-dependent machine learning and feature selection experiments for classifying deceptive and non- deceptive speech using a large number of statistical features derived from the glottal waveform. We present current results comparing the classification performance and selected feature sets across 19 speakers from the Columbia-SRI-Colorado corpus of deceptive speech and discuss directions for future work.
Calcaneal Avulsion Fractures: An Often Forgotten Diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE. The calcaneus is the primary weight bearing bone in the heel, and its many surface contours render it a relatively difficult bone to visualize in its entirety. The stabilizing ligaments that hold the calcaneus in place occupy very specific locations, and the Achilles tendon enthesis is in a relatively constant location; therefore, avulsion fractures occur in reproducible locations. CONCLUSION. The mechanisms of injuries include overuse and neuropathic conditions, although most cases are related to trauma.
Fracture size, frequency, and strain in the Cambrian Eriboll Formation sandstones, NW Scotland

Synopsis We investigated fracture intensity of the Cambrian Eriboll Formation sandstone exposures west of the Palaeozoic Moine Thrust Belt (MTB) in NW Scotland, by measuring the number and size of fractures encountered per unit length along lines of observation orientated perpendicular to fracture strike. Eriboll Formation sandstones have at least five fracture sets, each of which includes penetrative arrays of opening-mode microfractures (quartz-filled micro-veins). The size distributions of the fractures can be described by power laws over more than three orders of magnitude. The observed power-law equation parameters suggest that strain is dominated by the largest fractures present in each set; however, field evidence suggests that opening-mode fractures with apertures greater than 1 cm are rare. Strain from microscopic fractures is heterogeneous compared with strain caused by fractures that are sufficiently wide (0.1 mm and above) to be measured on exposures, reflecting greater variation in fracture size apparent at microscopic scales. Although size patterns are from sets formed at different times, consistent cumulative frequency versus aperture slopes suggests that a common mechanism governs organization of fracture sizes. The penetrative sets of natural fractures within the Eriboll Formation record a strain history spanning burial, Caledonian orogenesis, and uplift.
Runway behavior of the gray rat snake with food and water reinforcement

Two groups of gray rat snakes were given training in an enclosed alleyway. Both groups were maintained on a seven day food and water deprivation schedule. Ss of the experimental group were run to food and water reinforcement. Control Ss were run in the same manner except that there was no reinforcement in the goal box. All Ss received one trial every seven days unless they were moulting. Measures of latency and running time produced diverging curves for the experimental and control groups, due principally to the increase in both measures for the latter group.
Inter-Imperiality: Dialectics in a Postcolonial World History

This essay argues that recent scholarship in world history has accrued data calling for changed analytical models in postcolonial, Marxist and cultural studies. Documenting transcontinental interactions in ancient and medieval periods, scholars have rewritten longstanding narratives of finance, trade, labour, science and religion, with crucial implications for the arts as they operate within a (post)colonial and world-systems terrain. The data reveal a dialectic of historical materialism encompassing multi-directional interactions over a very longue duree: dynamic and uneven, yet systemic and accretive – and formative for ‘modern’ history. The essay offers one theoretical framework – of ‘inter-imperiality’ – for analysing this data so as to highlight dialectics in the material, the political and the cultural fields, which pre-date and prepare western European states' entry into an Afro-Eurasian world-system. An inter-imperial model on the one hand expands the relevance of postcolonial models, and on the o...
Comparison of Synovial Fluid Cytokine Levels between Traumatic Knee Injury and End-Stage Osteoarthritis.

Degenerative osteoarthritis (OA) has been associated with elevated synovial fluid cytokines. It is unclear whether traumatic knee injuries are a trigger to the chemical process that leads to OA. The purpose of this study was to compare the synovial fluid cytokine levels between knees undergoing arthroscopy due to a documented inciting injury and knees undergoing primary arthroplasty due to end-stage OA without a previous inciting injury. Synovial fluid samples were prospectively collected from knees undergoing arthroscopic surgeries due to ligamentous or meniscal knee injuries (knee injury group, n = 16) and primary arthroplasty due to OA (end-stage OA group, n = 14). In the knee injury group, patients had none or minimal OA and at least 30 days from the inciting injury. Exclusion criteria for both groups included inflammatory arthropathy (n = 1) and insufficient fluid for analysis (n = 1). In addition to synovial fluid cytokines, preoperative demographic, clinical, and functional data (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS]) were collected and compared between the groups. The end-stage OA group had higher age (p < 0.0001), body mass index (p = 0.0061), Charlson comorbidity index (<0.0001), and OA classification (p < 0.0001). Preoperative KOOS were similar between the groups. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 were elevated in the end-stage OA group compared with the knee injury group (p = 0.04 and 0.006, respectively). Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon gamma, IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-2, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were not statistically different between the groups. A similar synovial fluid cytokine profile was found between the two groups. The elevation of IL-6 and IL-8 in the end-stage OA group indicates the potential role that these proinflammatory cytokines may have in long-term cartilage damage.
Numerical simulation research on pullout strength of grouted bolt foundation in jointed rock masses for transmission lines

The influence of rock mass and grouted material on the pullout strength of grouted bolt foundation in jointed rock masses is analyzed by the orthogonal numerical simulation.The numerical models focus on the following five factors: elasticity modulus of rock,elasticity modulus of mortar,trace lengths and joint inclination angle in rock mass,embedding depth of the bolt in the rock mass on four different levels of every factor.The experimental results reveal that the embedding depth of the bolt in the rock mass is the most important and sensitive factor influencing the pullout strength of grouted bolt foundation,and the factors next are elasticity modulus of mortar,elasticity modulus of rock,trace lengths and joint inclination angle in rock mass.The elasticity modulus and strength of mortar are more significant than those of rock mass in improvement of the pullout strength of the grouted bolt foundation,but the extent of the improvement is limited.
Are all repeats created equal? Understanding DNA repeats at an individual level

Repetitive DNA sequences, comprising up to 50 % of the genome in all eukaryotes, play important roles in a wide range of cellular functions, such as transcriptional regulation, genome stability, and cellular differentiation. However, due to technical difficulties in differentiating their sequences, DNA repeats remain one of the most mysterious parts of eukaryotic genomes. Key questions, such as how repetitive entities behave at individual level and how the internal architecture of these repeats is organized, are still poorly understood. Recent advances from our group reveal unexpected position-dependent variation within tandem DNA repeats in fission yeast. Despite sharing identical DNA sequences, the peri-centromeric repeats are organized into diverse epigenetic states and chromatin structures. We demonstrate that this position-dependent variation requires key heterochromatin factors and condensin. Our works further suggest that the peri-centromeric repeats are organized into distinct higher order structures that ensure a proper positioning of CENP-A, the centromere-specific histone H3 variant, to centromeres. These most recent developments offer insights into the mechanisms underlying the position effect within tandem DNA arrays, and have broad implications in the field of epigenetics and chromatin biology.
Inhibitory effects of acetoxycycloheximide, puromycin, and pactamycin upon synthesis of protein and DNA in asynchronous populations of HeLa cells.

The rate of incorporation of thymidine into DNA of HeLa cells decreased within 10 min following exposure of these cells to an adequate concentration of acetoxycycloheximide, puromycin, or pactamycin. While uptake of leucine was inhibited in excess of 95% by these drugs, inhibition of incorporation of thymidine did not exceed 70% within the first hour. Incorporation of uridine into RNA was unaffected by acetoxycycloheximide but was decreased by high concentrations of puromycin and pactamycin. Concentration-effect and temporal relationships of these drug-induced phenomena indicate that interruption of protein synthesis is a primary effect; impairment of synthesis of DNA is a secondary event resulting from the disturbance in protein metabolism. Inhibition of precursor incorporation into RNA by high levels of puromycin and pactamycin seems unrelated to the action of these drugs on the biosynthesis of proteins. These results suggest the existence of a close temporal coupling between the synthesis of a protein species and the replication of DNA in an asynchronous population of mammalian cells in exponential growth.
A Preliminary Physiological Model of Aggressive Behavior

Several authors have indicated that aggression is not a unitary concept (Scott, 1958; Bevan, Daves, & Levy, 1960; Jacobsen, 1961; Valzelli, 1967). I have proposed recently a system for classifying the different kinds of aggressive behavior and have reviewed the literature to support the idea that each kind has a different physiological basis Moyer, 1968a). Since that paper is now available in the literature, I shall present here only a summary of that position and some of the more recent evidence on the matter.
Repair of surgical defects

Basic skills in elliptical excision are essential for success in dermatologic surgery. Once the elliptical excision has been mastered, the practitioner should progress to variations on the ellipse. These include “curving” the incision, M-plasty, A-to-T closure, O-to-Z closure, and subcutaneous island pedicle flaps. When one of these methods will not suffice, a local flap or a full-thickness skin graft is often a good alternative.
Twenty Strategic Initiatives

AT THE HEART OF ANY MARKETING PLAN lies the strategic initiatives; these are the big moves. This is the part of a marketing plan that really matters; it should be the focus of the discussion and debate.
In Vitro Preactivation of PBMCs with PM-mb21-41BBL Particles Stimulates in Vivo Expansion of NK Cells Under Low IL-2 in NSG Mice

NK cell immunotherapy as a cancer treatment shows promise, but methods for consistent expansion of NK cells from a small fraction (~5%) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to therapeutically effective amounts are not widely accessible. Strategies that promote in vivo expansion rely on high-dose IL-2 in combination with lymphodepletion and suffer from severe treatment related toxicities as well as limited expansion. On the other hand, in vitro methods are available for robust NK cell expansion, but rely on prolonged in vitro co-culture with feeder cells that is costly and complex and requires high dose IL-2 (25,000-35,000 U) for persistence after injection into mice. An optimal NK cell expansion method would rely on off the shelf reagents, would not require long-term complex cultures, and would induce a rapid, sustained in vivo expansion of NK cells from unsorted PBMCs under low concentration of IL-2. We have developed a method to prepare particles from K562 cells engineered to express specific cytokines, and such particles stimulate NK cell expansion. Particles prepared using K562 cells expressing IL-21 and 41BBL (PM21 particles) cause highly specific expansion of cytotoxic NK cells from unsorted PBMCs that achieves 95% NK cells in ~14 days and ~10,000 fold expansion of NK in about 21 days. NK cell expansion is consistent using different preparations of PM-particles or leukocyte sources, and the PM-particles retain expansion efficacy with storage. The PM-mb21-41BBL particles were also used to stimulate in vivo NK cell expansion in NSG mice under ultralow IL-2 (1,000 units per injection, 3 injections per week, per mouse). Unsorted human PBMCs, either shortly pre-activated in culture for two days or not pre-activated, were injected (2 x 106 PBMCs per mice by i.p. ) and human CD56+CD3- NK cells and other relevant hCD45+ lymphocytes were monitored in the peripheral blood over time and in tissues and fluids at the time of euthanization. In vivo NK cell expansion was observed in mice injected with PBMCs that were pre-activated with PM21 particles. The extent of NK cell expansion observed in the peripheral blood was in levels that would be relevant for clinical cancer treatment (>50,000 NK cells/mL of mouse blood 14 days post injection). In vivo NK cell expansion was further confirmed with analogous experiments using PBMCs that were stained with CellTrace Violet to monitor proliferation. Notably, NK cells were also found in spleen, bone marrow, lung, liver and brain. These results taken together provide proof of principle that PM-particle technology is effective for direct in vivo NK cell expansion from unsorted PBMCs under low dose IL-2. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Effects of Assisted Housing on Child Well-Being

The most rigorous research on the causal effects of assisted housing on children's outcomes finds no such effects. The present study uses rich longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, augmented with Census, American Community Survey and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development administrative data, to unpack these nil effects. Analyses include 194 children ( X¯ age = 6.2 years) living in assisted housing in 1995 or later who were 13–17 years old in 2002 or 2007, and an unassisted comparison group of 215 children who were income-eligible for, but never received, housing assistance. Results suggested no mean effects of living in assisted housing during childhood on adolescent cognitive, behavior, and health outcomes, addressing selection through propensity score matching and instrumental variables. However, quantile regressions suggest assisted housing provides an added boost for children with the best cognitive performance and fewest behavior problems but has opposite effects on children with the lowest cognitive scores and most behavior problems. Further tests indicate that these differences are not explained either by neighborhood effects or housing quality. A potentially fruitful avenue for future research investigates differences in how parents take advantage of the housing affordability provided by assisted housing to benefit their children.
Synthesis and properties of B-cyano-BODIPYs

A series of boron-functionalized BODIPY dyes with cyano groups were prepared from their corresponding BF2 derivatives using SnCl4/TMSCN at room temperature for 10 min. Replacement of the fluorines by cyano groups reduces the B–N bond lengths, decreases the charge on boron, and causes characteristic 11B NMR chemical shifts. The 4,4′-dicyano-BODIPYs show significantly enhanced stability to acidic conditions (excess TFA) and, with one exception, enhanced fluorescence quantum yields. Furthermore, the B(CN)2-BODIPYs were non-cytotoxic to HEp2 cells, both in the dark and upon exposure to light (1.5 J/cm2), and rapidly accumulated within cells, localizing mainly in the lysosomes, ER and Golgi.