cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of grain-size on fracture of polycrystalline silicon carbide: A multiscale analysis using a molecular dynamics-peridynamics framework

Abstract A robust atomistic to mesoscale computational multiscale/multiphysics modeling framework that explicitly takes into account atomic-scale descriptions of grain-boundaries, is implemented to examine the interplay between grain-size and fracture of polycrystalline cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC). A salient feature of the developed framework is the establishment of scale-parity between the chosen atomistic and the mesoscale methods namely molecular dynamics (MD) and peridynamics (PD) respectively, which enables the ability to model the effect of the underlying microstructure as well as obtain relevant new insights into the role of grain-size on the ensuing mechanical response of 3C-SiC. Material properties such as elastic modulus, and fracture toughness of single crystals and bicrystals of various orientations are obtained from MD simulations, and using appropriate statistical analysis, MD derived properties are interfaced with PD simulations, resulting in mesoscale simulations that accurately predict the role of grain-size on failure strength, fracture energy, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and tensile toughness of polycrystalline 3C-SiC. In particular, it is seen that the fracture strength follows a Hall-Petch law with respect to grain-size variations, while mode-I fracture toughness increases with increasing grain-size, consistent with available literature on brittle fracture of polycrystalline materials. Equally importantly, the developed MD-PD multiscale/multiphysics framework represents an important step towards developing materials modeling paradigms that can provide a comprehensive and predictive description of the microstructure-property-performance interplay in solid-state materials.
Influence of Mouth Pressure on Measurement of Diffusing Capacity in the Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratory.

BACKGROUND: Current American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines recommend that patients hold their breath with minimum effort at total lung capacity during measurement of the single-breath diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) to avoid excessively positive or negative mouth pressures. We asked to what extent do these pressures range during single-breath DLCO testing and whether mouth pressures are associated with single-breath DLCO. METHODS: We analyzed mouth pressures measured during clinical single-breath DLCO testing in an academic pulmonary function laboratory over a 3-month period. We compared mouth pressures with single-breath DLCO and determined the influence of obesity, restriction, and emphysema on mouth pressures. We used multiple linear regression to evaluate whether mouth pressure was an independent determinant of single-breath DLCO. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 336 subjects who presented with a variety of diseases, the most common of which were unexplained dyspnea, interstitial lung disease, sarcoidosis, and emphysema. The median mouth pressure was 4.5 cm H2O, with a range of −13 to 31 cm H2O. The single-breath DLCO did not correlate with mouth pressure (P = .08). There was no difference in mouth pressures between individuals with and without obesity, with and without restriction, and with and without interstitial lung disease. Mouth pressure was lower among the subjects with emphysema. There was no difference in single-breath DLCO % predicted between individuals who were obese and individuals who were not obese. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that only age and FEV1, but not mouth pressure, were independently associated with single-breath DLCO % predicted (s-coefficient: age, −0.35 [P = .003]; FEV1%, 0.26 [P = .004]; adjusted R2, 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: Mouth pressures varied widely during single-breath DLCO measurement but were not associated with the measurement of single-breath DLCO in the clinical setting of pulmonary function testing. Overall, these findings indicate that pulmonary function technologists need not discard efforts made during measurement of single-breath DLCO if only mild changes in mouth pressure occur.
American Heart Association--Scientific Sessions 2009. Part 1.

Abstract The American Heart Association (AHA) 2009 meeting held in Orlando, FL, USA included topics covering new developments in the field of cardiovascular disease. This conference report highlights selected presentations on translational science, cardiovascular disease genomics and the US healthcare reform.
Property Rights and Economic Development: The Case of Sub-Saharan African Countries

This paper identifies the effects of property rights on the total factor productivity (TFP) across different property rights levels and income groups in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This paper subdivides SSA countries by their property rights score and by their income levels. Then estimates a model in which TFP depends on human capital and institutional qualities. The results mainly show that private property rights have a positive and statistically significant effect on the TFP in SSA. A 1% increase in property rights is associated with more than 0.2% increase in the TFP in SSA. This result indicates that private property rights are important determinants in the process of economic development. If well-defined and enforced by state laws, private property rights will contribute to growth in SSA.
Prosthodontics: preparation and cementation of a full-coverage metal crown on a fractured maxillary canine tooth

Prosthodontics in veterinary medicine is a discipline in veterinary dentistry in which prosthetic dental appliances are applied in order to maintain and/or restore the function and integrity of the teeth. As it applies to prosthodontics, a crown is a cemented extracoronal restorative that covers part or all of the outer surface of the clinical crown. Full crowns may be recommended by veterinary dentists in order to return a tooth to its normal function, protect it from further damage, or help maintain proper appearance of teeth with significant wear, previous fracture or endodontic treatment. This case report describes the preparation and cementation of a full metal crown for treatment of a compromised maxillary canine tooth in a dog.
Psychological Risk Factors for Alcohol, Cannabis, and Various Tobacco Use among Young Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Background: Alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use are prevalent in young adults and may be differentially related to psychological symptoms characterized as externalizing or internalizing. Objectives:...
Concise Consent Forms Appreciated-Still Not Comprehended: Applying Revised Common Rule Guidelines in Online Studies.

As informed consent documents have historically gotten lengthier, recent revisions to federal Common Rule guidelines now require consent forms that are “concise” and presented in ways that “facilit...
A Hiding Place? Diversification, Financialization, and Return Comovement in Commodity Markets

This paper provides new and integrated evidence on the causes and consequences of commodity financialization from the perspective of diversification. First, based on a large sample of commodity trading advisors, we find that financial investment in commodity markets is related to the diversification benefits against stock market downturns. Second, the aggregate financial investment positively predicts future commodity-stock return correlation. Finally, using terrorist attacks as shocks to diversification need, we present causal evidence that diversification-motivated investment in commodity markets increases the commodity-stock market comovement. Overall, our findings reveal the economic link between diversification benefits, commodity financialization, and the commodity-stock market comovement.
New Treatment Options for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer.

The standard of care first-line therapy for patients with advanced biliary tract cancers eligible for treatment continues to be the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin. Based on the promising results of a phase II study, an ongoing multi-institutional phase III study is assessing the benefit of adding nab-paclitaxel to the chemotherapy doublet, and appropriate patients should be considered for enrollment at participating centers. We would recommend early comprehensive genomic profiling of patients’ tumors to identify potentially targetable aberrations with available therapies. Results with therapeutic implications include tumors with microsatellite instability/deficient mismatch repair, alterations in FGFR, IDH1/2, and HER-2, and potentially other molecular vulnerabilities. Patients in whom a targetable genomic abnormality is found should be matched with appropriate agent. If a targetable fusion or mutation is not detected, patients eligible for second-line therapy should be considered for either clinical trial enrollment or a second-line cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen such as modified FOLFOX. Strategies incorporating immunotherapy into the treatment of patients with microsatellite stable advanced biliary tract cancers have yielded largely disappointing results thus far, and routine use of checkpoint inhibitors outside of a clinical trial is not recommended.
AKT1 mediates multiple phosphorylation events that functionally promote HSF1 activation

The heat stress response activates the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which subsequently upregulates heat shock proteins to maintain the integrity of the proteome. HSF1 activity requires nuclear localization, trimerization, DNA binding, phosphorylation, and gene transactivation. Phosphorylation at S326 is an important regulator of HSF1 transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation at S326 is mediated by AKT1, mTOR, p38, and MEK1. mTOR, p38, and MEK1 all phosphorylated S326 but AKT1 was the more potent activator. Mass spectrometry showed that AKT1 phosphorylated HSF1 at T142, S230, and T527 in addition to S326 whereas the other kinases did not. Subsequent investigation revealed that phosphorylation at T142 is necessary for HSF1 trimerization and that S230, S326, and T527 are required for HSF1 gene transactivation and recruitment of TFIIB and CDK9. This study suggests that HSF1 activity is regulated by phosphorylation at specific residues that promote different stages of HSF1 activation. Furthermore, this is the first study to identify the functional role of these phosphorylation events.
Individual and Household-Level Factors Associated With Caregivers' Intention to Keep Their Child Enrolled in WIC.

Abstract Objective Identify factors associated with caregivers’ intention to keep their child enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program until age 5 years. Methods Baseline data from a longitudinal questionnaire aiming to assess the impact of a statewide intervention to increase WIC retention in Illinois were analyzed in 2018. Data on sociodemographics and household characteristics were collected in 2015 from 174 caregiver/child dyads. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with caregivers’ intention to keep their child enrolled in WIC until age 5 years (ie, intention). Results A total of 66% of caregivers stated they were very likely to keep their child enrolled in the WIC program. Breastfeeding and homeownership status were associated with 58% (P =.03) and 72% (P =.02) lower odds of intention among caregivers, respectively. Conclusions and Implications Significant inverse associations among breastfeeding, homeownership, and intention support the need for tailoring state-level WIC retention efforts to specific population characteristics and health behaviors.
Examining the Role of Power-Control Theory and Self-Control to Account for Computer Hacking

Criminological inquiry consistently identifies a gender difference in offending rates, which are also evident among certain forms of cybercrime. The gender difference in cybercrime offending is par...
Flexplace Work and Partnered Fathers’ Time in Housework and Childcare:

Prior studies that show no association between fathers’ work flexibility and their domestic contributions suffer from measurement limitations and/or the lack of nationally representative data. Usin...
Some Realism About Realism in Teaching About the Legal Profession

UC Irvine Law School has adopted a first-year course designed to introduce students to the rich empirical literature on the legal profession and to give them an understanding of practice realities and critical perspectives on those practices. It also seeks to provide students with information about the social and cultural contexts of law practice that they will find useful as they navigate their careers. This chapter describes and assesses the course and our experience while teaching it.
Aspects of tax spillovers: is there a "worldwide" tax burden?

VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VIII CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER TWO: THE CAPITAL INCOME TAX 30 APPENDIX A 72 CHAPTER THREE: THE CONSUMPTION TAX 75 CHAPTER FOUR: THE TRANSFER MODELS 106 CHAPTER FIVE: DATA 161 CHAPTER SIX: RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 203 APPENDIX B 251 REFERENCES 256 VITA 269
A Tea Party at The Hague

In this article, I consider the prospects for and impediments to judicial cooperation with the United States. I do so by describing a personal journey that began more than twenty years ago when I first taught and wrote about international civil litigation. An important part of my journey has involved studying the role that the United States has played, and can usefully play, in fostering judicial cooperation, including through judgment recognition and enforcement. The journey continues but, today, finds me a weary traveler, more worried than ever about the politics and practice of international procedural lawmaking in the United States. Disputes about the proper roles of federal and state law and institutions in the implementation of the Hague Choice of Court Convention suggest that this little corner of American foreign policy is at risk of capture by forces that, manifesting some of the worst characteristics of domestic politics, would have us host a tea party at The Hague.
The x-ray photoelectron spectra of inorganic molecules—VII

Abstract The manganese 2 p core electron binding energies of several complexes of manganese(II) and (III) have been recorded. These data, which are referenced to a carbon 1s binding energy for graphite of 284·0 eV, show little dependence upon the formal oxidation state of the central metal atom. However, for the pair Mn(pic) 2 ,2H 2 O and Mn(pic) 3 ,H 2 O (picH = picolinic acid), the binding energy difference δ( Mn 2p 3 2 , 01 s ) is greater for the manganese(III) complex, consistent with its higher oxidation state.
Cell-specific integration of nuclear receptor function at the genome

Nuclear receptors (NRs) encompass a family of regulatory proteins that directly couple small-molecule signaling to transcriptional regulation. Initial studies of specific NR targets led to a model in which NRs bind highly specific DNA motifs in proximal promoter regions and strongly induce gene transcription in response to ligand binding. More recently, genome-wide studies have added to the complexity of this classic model of NR function. In particular, binding of NRs at weaker or alternate motifs is common in the context of DNA assembled into chromatin, and ligand responsiveness varies at different NR target genes. Such findings have led to proposed modifications to the classic view of NR regulation, including the 'assisted loading' model in which NRs assist in opening chromatin rather than compete for binding sites, and context-specific models in which genomic and epigenomic features influence the NR function locally at each binding site. Further elucidation of these mechanisms will be particularly important for understanding cell-specific and ligand-specific functions of each NR. Emerging genomic technologies such as ChIP-seq and GRO-seq provide insights on a larger scale leading to deeper understanding of the complexities of transcriptional regulation by NRs.
Incentives, Information, and Emergent Collective Accuracy

In this paper, we construct a framework within which we explore how incentives and information structures influence the ability of a collection of individuals to make an accurate aggregate prediction. In our framework, individuals of bounded ability predict outcomes that depend on the values of a set of attributes. Individual construct models consider only a subset of those attributes, and those models depend on their incentives and their information environments. We consider two types of incentive structures: one in which individuals get paid on the basis of accuracy and one based on market like, for example, parimutuel payoffs. We also consider two information environments: one in which individuals learn in isolation and another in which they can copy more successful predictors. We find that market incentives and isolated learning environments produce the most accurate aggregate predictions but that these same incentives and information structures also produce the least accurate individuals. Thus, the incentives and informational structures that produce collective wisdom may hinge on their ability to produce and maintain diversity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
S. aureus Toxins Join the DARC Side.

Staphylococcus aureus, like other bacterial pathogens, scavenges host iron for growth through incompletely understood mechanisms. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Spaan et al. (2015) demonstrate that two Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxins, HlgAB and LukED, target the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines on erythrocytes, resulting in lysis and iron release.
Model predictive control for fast reaching in clutter

A key challenge for haptically reaching in dense clutter is the frequent contact that can occur between the robot's arm and the environment. We have previously used single-time-step model predictive control (MPC) to enable a robot to slowly reach into dense clutter using a quasistatic mechanical model. Rapid reaching in clutter would be desirable, but entails additional challenges due to dynamic phenomena that can lead to higher forces from impacts and other types of contact. In this paper, we present a multi-time-step MPC formulation that enables a robot to rapidly reach a target position in dense clutter, while regulating whole-body contact forces to be below a given threshold. Our controller models the dynamics of the arm in contact with the environment in order to predict how contact forces will change and how the robot's end effector will move. It also models how joint velocities will influence potential impact forces. At each time step, our controller uses linear models to generate a convex optimization problem that it can solve efficiently. Through tens of thousands of trials in simulation, we show that with our dynamic MPC a simulated robot can, on average, reach goals 1.4 to 2 times faster than our previous controller, while attaining comparable success rates and fewer occurrences of high forces. We also conducted trials using a real 7 degree-of-freedom (DoF) humanoid robot arm with whole-arm tactile sensing. Our controller enabled the robot to rapidly reach target positions in dense artificial foliage while keeping contact forces low.
India's Energy Security

This essay seeks to examine India's energy outlook. The focus is on oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear power. New Delhi's efforts to utilize domestic and foreign supplies will be discussed. Given the nation's limited hydrocarbon proven reserves, the study suggests that India's dependence on foreign supplies will further deepen in the foreseeable future. Most of these supplies will come from oil and natural gas producers in the Persian Gulf. This projection should not be seen as a threat to India's energy security. Rather, a growing interdependence is emerging between India (and other Asian energy consumers) and Persian Gulf producers.
Motivational Interviewing for Adolescents in the Emergency Department

Motivational interviewing (MI) is defined as a collaborative, patient-centered counseling style used to strengthen motivation for behavioral change by evoking an individual’s own reasons for change. It has been extensively used to address substance use and has shown effectiveness in facilitating a variety of healthy behaviors among a wide range of age groups and in an array of settings. To review the literature involving the use of MI for adolescents in the emergency department (ED), we performed a literature search using PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google-Scholar and identified 16 randomized controlled studies targeting 7 health behaviors. Of these, 31% (n = 5) targeted alcohol use alone; 12.5% (n = 2) targeted aggression and violence, marijuana use, tobacco use, linkage to outpatient services for mental health treatment, alcohol use, and aggression; and 1 study targeted seatbelt and helmet use. Overall results suggest that using MI with adolescents in the ED is feasible and more effective at reducing risk behaviors than ED treatment as usual.
Fatigue life prediction of dentin-adhesive interface using micromechanical stress analysis

Abstract Objectives The objective of this work was to develop a methodology for the prediction of fatigue life of the dentin–adhesive (d–a) interface. Methods At the micro-scale, the d–a interface is composed of dissimilar material components. Under global loading, these components experience different local stress amplitudes. The overall fatigue life of the d–a interface is, therefore, determined by the material component that has the shortest fatigue life under local stresses. Multiple 3d finite element (FE) models were developed to determine the stress distribution within the d–a interface by considering variations in micro-scale geometry, material composition and boundary conditions. The results from these models were analyzed to obtain the local stress concentrations within each d–a interface component. By combining the local stress concentrations and experimentally determined stress versus number of cycle to failure (S–N) curves for the different material components, the overall fatigue life of the d–a interface was predicted. Results The fatigue life was found to be a function of the applied loading amplitude, boundary conditions, microstructure and the mechanical properties of the material components of the d–a interface. In addition, it was found that the overall fatigue life of the d–a interface is not determined by the weakest material component. In many cases, the overall fatigue life was determined by the adhesive although exposed collagen was the weakest material component. Comparison of the predicted results with experimental data from the literature showed both qualitative and quantitative agreement. Significance The methodology developed for fatigue life prediction can provide insight into the mechanisms that control degradation of the bond formed at the d–a interface.
A hydrogen-1, chlorine-35, and lanthanum-139 NMR coordination study of the lanthanum (III) ion in aqueous solvent mixtures

A La(III) hydration study has been carried out for solutions of La(ClO4)3 and, in a preliminary way, La(NO3)3 in aqueous mixtures with acetone-d6 and Freon-12, using hydrogen-1, chlorine-35, and lanthanum-139 NMR spectroscopy. Low temperature, proton magnetic resonance experiments allowed the direct observation and area evaluation of separate signals for water molecules in the primary solvation shell of La(III) and in bulk medium. Measurements over a wide range of salt and solvent concentration gave a maximum La(III) hydration number of 6 and no evidence for inner-shell ion-pairing in La(ClO4)3 solutions. Chlorine-35 chemical shift and linewidth data in these solutions confirmed the absence of contact ionpairing. Hydration numbers of 3–4 for La(III) in several La(NO3)3 solutions clearly indicated inner-shell complex formation. Lanthanum-139 chemical shift and linewidth measurements for these systems revealed the presence of some process, possibly hydrolysis, in the La(ClO4)3 solutions at extremely high acetone-d6 concentrations.
Muscle activity is different for humans performing static tasks which require force control and position control

Muscle activation levels in humans were examined during two different static tasks which required the same joint angles and the same joint moments. In the isometric case, joint angles were fixed and subjects were required to match forces. In the isoinertial case, a constant load was imposed across the joint and the subject was required to match position. It was observed that for a specified posture and for specified load conditions, EMG activity varied depending on whether the limb was loaded isometrically or isoinertially. That is, different co-activation relationships were observed for position control versus force control tasks during otherwise similar conditions. These results imply that the neural command for static tasks depends on more than joint angles and load magnitude.
Establishing a Sense of Personal Control in the Transition to Adulthood

This study tests the hypothesis that the high sense of personal control enjoyed by adult Americans develops during the transition to adulthood. Analyses use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), which interviewed respondents in 1979 who were between the ages of 14 and 22 and again in 1992 when they were between 27 and 35. Cross-sectional analyses show a positive slope of perceived control with respect to age in the range from 14 through 22. Dropping out of school dampens the increase. It further reduces perceptions of control prospectively, net of control at time 1. Getting pregnant or getting a partner pregnant does notflatten the slope and does not affect later adulthood perceptions of control, except indirectly if it leads to dropping out of school. Adolescent sense of control correlates positively with parental education and the adolescent's cognitive skill, and cognitive skill increases the trajectory for young men but not for young women. Both factors predict more positive changes in the sense of control in the period between adolescence and middle age. A low sense of control at the beginning of the follow-up period does not increase the risk of subsequently dropping out of school, but it does increase the risk of a subsequent nonmarital pregnancy,
Intestinal Absorption of Amino Acid Derivatives: Importance of the Free a-Amino Group

Abstract The intestinal absorption of L-lysine- p -nitroanilide, L-alanine- p -nitroanilide, and glycine- p -nitroanilide was studied in the presence of competitive inhibitors in a perfused rat intestine. It was observed that L-lysine- p -nitroanilide absorption was inhibited by L-lysine methyl ester and L-arginine- s -naphthylamide but not by Nα -acetyl-L-lysine methyl esters. L-Alanine- p -nitroanilide absorption was inhibited by L-alanine methyl ester but not by α -alanine methyl ester. It was further observed that Nα -benzoyl-L-arginine- p -nitroanilide and Nα - suc -cinyl-L-phenylalanine-p-nitroanilide were poorly absorbed. It was concluded that the peptidase in the brush border region that serves as the hydrolysis site requires a free α - amino group (an aminopeptidase), and that passive absorption of these compounds occurs only to a small extent.
Substrate-selective inhibition of mitochondrial oxidations by enhanced tonicity.

DURING an investigation of factors controlling rates of oxidation by mitochondria, it was found that variations of sucrose concentration in the suspending medium profoundly inhibited the oxygen consumption with some substrates but had much less effect with others. Earlier studies1,2 have indicated that the use of 0.88 M sucrose as the diluent during homogenization and isolation of mitochondria resulted in lower rates of mitochondrial oxidations than when 0.25 M sucrose was used. This was true despite the dilution of the mitochondria with other components of the final reaction mixture.
Synthesis of Metastable Wurtzite CuInSe2 Nanocrystals

Nanocrystals of CuInSe2 with a metastable wurtzite crystal structure were synthesized for the first time. The keys to wurtzite−CuInSe2 formation include the use of an amine solvent and facile selenium transfer from a diorgano diselenide at relatively low temperatures.
Measurements of skew, dispersion, and creep in plated wires

An experimental method has been developed to determine the properties of a thin magnetic film deposited on a wire. The film has a nominal circumferential easy axis; a deviation from this direction is defined as skew, while a local distribution of the direction is defined as dispersion. To give information on skew and dispersion, a method of displaying an envelope of pulsed signals is shown. In magnetic memories, short lengths of the wire are magnetized. The influence of local demagnetizing fields is shown to be important in interpreting the display and assigning value to the anisotropy field. The effects of creep, an increase in length of the magnetized section with repeated pulses, are considered.
Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II Binds to and Phosphorylates a Specific SAP97 Splice Variant to Disrupt Association with AKAP79/150 and Modulate α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid-type Glutamate Receptor (AMPAR) Activity

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) promotes trafficking and activation of the GluR1 subunit of α-amino- 3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) during synaptic plasticity. GluR1 is also modulated in parallel by multiprotein complexes coordinated by synapse-associated protein 97 (SAP97) that contain A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150 (AKAP79/150), protein kinase A, and protein phosphatase 2B. Here we show that SAP97 is present in CaMKII immune complexes isolated from rodent brain as well as from HEK293 cells co-expressing CaMKIIα and SAP97. CaMKIIα phosphorylated recombinant SAP97 within immune complexes in vitro and in intact cells. Four alternative mRNA splice variants of SAP97 expressing combinations of four inserts (I2, I3, I4, I5) in the U5 region between Src homology 3 (SH3) and guanylyl kinase-like (GK) domains were identified in rat brain at postnatal day 21. CaMKIIα preferentially phosphorylated a full-length SAP97 and a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein containing the I3 and I5 inserts (SAP97-I3I5 and GST-SH3-I3I5-GK, respectively) and also specifically interacted with GST-SH3-I3I5-GK compared with GST proteins containing other naturally occurring insert combinations. AKAP79/150 also directly and specifically bound only to GST-SH3-I3I5-GK, but CaMKII phosphorylation of GST-SH3-I3I5-GK prevented this interaction. AKAP79-dependent down-regulation of GluR1 AMPAR currents was ablated by overexpression of SAP97-I2I5 (which does not bind AKAP79) or by infusion of active CaMKIIα. Collectively, the data suggest that CaMKIIα targets a specific SAP97 splice variant to disengage AKAP79/150 from regulating GluR1 AMPARs, providing new insight into protein-protein interactions and phosphorylation events that are required for normal regulation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, learning, and memory.
The design of mobile laboratories for behavioral research with children.

Abstract The design, specification, and cost of trailer laboratories for research with children are discussed. A model set of plans and specifications are presented and information about heating, towing, and insurance is provided.
Belphoebe and Gloriana

AbstractIn The Faerie Queene, Spenser imagines two versions of Elizabeth Tudor: one is a virgin, the other a queen. Why are they distinguished? The image of Queen Elizabeth as a kind of secular Vir...
P1, P2'-linked macrocyclic amine derivatives as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors.

A novel series of 13- and 14-membered macrocyclic amines was developed by linking the P1 and P2′ groups. The synthesis entails stereoselective Frater alkylation to install the anti-succinate configuration and macrocyclic amination via nucleophilic displacement. This strategy resulted in a new class of conformationally constrained inhibitors that are potent and selective for MMP-8 and 9 over MMP-1 and 3.
Cost-effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasonography in the evaluation of proximal rectal cancer

Cost-effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasonography in the evaluation of proximal rectal cancer
Implications of Short-Run Rising Average Productivity in Cattle Feeding

The recent period of high grain and low cattle prices has inspired renewed questions about economic efficiencies in cattle feeding. Unfortunately, despite solid theoretical foundations and some empirical investigations (Heady and Dillon, O.E.C.D., Heady et al.), agricultural economists appear unable to reach a consensus. The initial inclination arising from usual production and marginal substitution criteria is to prescribe a move down the production function (less feed for less gain) and/or dilution of high energy rations with lower energy and lower cost ingredients (a downward shift of the production function). This note proposes to demonstrate that the first prescription is inappropriate and that the second is questionable and inappropriate within narrow delimitations specified here. In particular, there is evidence that cattle feedgain response functions do not fall in stage II of production. Zulberti, Reid, and Casler have inferred from animal nutrition work (Blaxter, Dodsworth) that cattle feeding is constrained by appetite limitations to the rising average physical product portion of the production function (stage I of production). Their use of British Agricultural Research Council nutritional information to test the
MHV nucleocapsid synthesis in the presence of cycloheximide and accumulation of negative strand MHV RNA.

Abstract We have found that genomic RNA synthesis is inhibited by cycloheximide in cells infected with mouse hepatitis virus, strain A59 (MHV-A59), in agreement with previously published results (Sawicki S.G. and Sawicki D.L. (1986) J. Virol. 57, 328–334). In the present study, the fate of the residual genomic RNA synthesized in the presence of cycloheximide was determined. Nearly all of the genomic RNA synthesized in the presence of drug was incorporated into nucleocapsid structures, suggesting that even in the absence of protein synthesis, genomic RNA synthesis and encapsidation are coupled in MHV-infected cells. Sufficient free nucleocapsid N protein was available for this purpose, since the pool of soluble N protein was determined to decay with a half-life of approximately one hour. Negative strand RNA is the template for the synthesis of both genomic and subgenomic positive strand RNA, and would be predicted to accumulate primarily during the early phases of the lytic cycle. In agreement with this prediction, negative strand RNA accumulated during the first 5–6 h of infection, with little additional accumulation occurring over the next 2.5 h. In marked contrast, positive strand RNA increased 5–6-fold over the same 2.5 h period. These results, taken in conjunction with published data, suggest that negative strand RNA is synthesized during the early period of the infectious cycle and is stable in infected cells and also suggest that treatment with cycloheximide at late times does not inhibit positive strand RNA synthesis indirectly by blocking the formation of negative strand templates.
Does instructor presence in the classroom influence examination scores in a therapeutics course delivered via interactive video-conferencing technology?

Objectives: To evaluate if instructor presence in the classroom influenced examination performance and to assess student perception of performance based on instructor presence in an interactive video-conferencing (IVC) course delivered to four sites.Methods: An anonymous seven item survey was distributed. Questions assessed perceptions of IVC technology, impact on performance and preferred method of content delivery. Additional data collected were distribution of lectures originating from each site, examination scores and cumulative examination means.Results: Ninety percent of students prefer to receive live lectures. Distant site students were more likely to have no preference about the mode of delivery (p , 0.01). Overall, 77% of students perceive better examination performance on material presented by a live lecturer. Although the majority of the lectures originated from one site, there were no statistically significant differences in any of the examination means or between the sites. Conclusions: Instructor presence was not essential for satisfactory examination performance.
Ciliated Epithelium in the Insecta.

The absence of ciliated epithelium in the Arthropoda has, until recently, been considered as one of the principal characters of the phylum. This rule may hold true in the majority of cases, but I believe it will by no means hold true in all.
Recycling the tert-butanesulfinyl group in the synthesis of amines using tert-butanesulfinamide

A practical process for recycling the tert-butanesulfinyl group upon deprotection of N-tert-butanesulfinyl amines has been achieved. Treatment of N-tert-butanesulfinyl amines with HCl in cyclopentyl methyl ether results in complete conversion to tert-butanesulfinyl chloride and the corresponding amine hydrochloride salt, which is isolated by filtration in analytically pure form and in quantitative yield. Treatment of the resulting sulfinyl chloride solution with aqueous ammonia then provides analytically pure tert-butanesulfinamide in 97% yield. Alternatively, the tert-butanesulfinyl chloride solution can be treated with ethanol and catalytic quinidine as a sulfinyl transfer catalyst to provide a cyclopentyl methyl ether solution of ethyl tert-butanesulfinate with 88% ee. Addition of NaNH(2) in ammonia followed by simple trituration of the product with octane provides tert-butanesulfinamide with 99% ee and in 67% overall isolated yield based upon the starting N-tert-butanesulfinyl amine.
Electron spin operation by electric fields: spin dynamics and spin injection

Abstract Spin–orbit interaction couples electron spins to electric fields and allows electrical monitoring of electron spins and electrical detection of spin dynamics. Competing mechanisms of spin–orbit interaction are compared, and optimal conditions for the electric operation of electrons spins in a quantum well by a gate voltage are established. Electric spin injection into semiconductors is discussed with a special emphasis on the injection into ballistic microstructures. Dramatic effect of a long range Coulomb interaction on transport phenomena in space-quantized low-dimensional conductors is discussed in conclusion.
Effect of coherent continuum-continuum relaxation and saturation in multiphoton ionization

Atomic continuum-continuum transitions appear to be saturable at realistic light intensities. We discuss some consequences in multiphoton ionization.
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding as the presenting manifestation of prostate Cancer

Gastrointestinal bleeding was the presenting manifestation in four patients without readily apparent prostate cancer. Three of these patients had laboratory evidence of acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and one patient had a friable rectal mass. The diagnosis of prostate cancer was made in three patients by employing an immunoperoxidase technique for prostatic acid phosphatase in metastatic foci. Dramatic resolution of DIC occurred in two patients following hormone therapy. Radiation therapy was effective in controlling bleeding in another patient. Two patients are alive with no further bleeding episodes at 8 and 18 months follow-up, respectively. In patients who present with a bleeding diathesis and adenocarcinoma of unknown primary, it is important to consider prostate cancer because of its frequent and prolonged responsiveness to hormonal therapy.
Regioselective coupling of pentafluorophenyl substituted alkynes: mechanistic insight into the zirconocene coupling of alkynes and a facile route to conjugated polymers bearing electron-withdrawing pentafluorophenyl substituents.

The reaction of Cp2ZrCl2 with 2 equiv of BuLi at −78 °C, followed by the addition of an unsymmetrical tetra- or pentafluorophenyl substituted alkyne R1C⋮CArf (R1, Arf = (CH2)4Me, p−C6F4H; Me, p−C6F4H; Ph, C6F5), resulted in regioselective couplings of these alkynes to zirconacyclopentadienes in which the Arf substituents preferentially adopt the 3,4-positions (ββ) of the zirconacyclopentadiene ring. With Cp2Zr(py)(Me3SiC⋮CSiMe3) as the zirconocene reagent, the couplings could be carried out at room temperature; however, at higher temperatures significant quantities of the 2,4-fluoroaryl substituted (αβ) isomers were also formed. None of the conditions employed produced the 2,5-fluoroaryl substituted (αα) isomers. These fluoroaryl-substituted zirconacyclopentadienes were readily converted to butadienes via reactions with acids. The zirconacyclopentadiene Cp2ZrC4-2,5-Ph2-3,4-(C6F5)2, which resulted from the coupling of PhC⋮C(C6F5), was converted to the corresponding thiophene by reaction with S2Cl2, and to ...
An inverse problem of reflection

Abstract This paper developed an analytic method to solve the inverse problem of reflection. The direct problem is to determine the reflection at the top of a known stratified medium bounded below by a reflector. The inverse problem is to determine the reflection of a reflector from the measured reflection at the top of the medium. The main results are based on the iteration of solutions of two initial value differential equations. They are suitable for numerical computation. A mathematical model is constructed on an abstract space for broad applications which include radiative transfer with inhomogeneous and anisotropic scattering. The solution is general is not unique. A condition has been established for a unique solution. Non-unique solutions are also constructed.
The Metabolic Response to Brain Injury

Every year several million people sustain brain injury. The development of an optimal metabolic and nutritional support program for brain-injured patients relies on an understanding of the metabolic response and nutritional complications that occur with brain injury. Severely brain injured patients have increased serum and urine levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and Cortisol. These patients also have increased oxygen consumption and urinary nitrogen excretion. This group has observed hypozincemia, hyperzincuria, increased serum C-reactive protein and copper concentrations, and hypoalbuminemia in nonsteroid-treated severely brain-injured patients. Experimental head injury produces interleukin-1 (IL-1) of brain origin. This cytokine mediates many of the aspects of the acute phase response, including all of the metabolic abnormalities reported by our group. IL-1, when administered intracerebroventricularly to experimental animals, appears to have enhanced biological activity compared to that administere...
Maintenance of cancellous bone in ovariectomized, human parathyroid hormone [hPTH(1-84)]-treated rats by estrogen, risedronate, or reduced hPTH.

Abstract This study compares effects of maintenance doses of human parathyroid hormone [hPTH(1-84)], 17β-estradiol (E 2 ), and risedronate on distal femur bone mineral density and proximal tibia cancellous bone histomorphometry in ovariectomized (ovx), osteopenic rats previously administered a higher dose of hPTH. Nine groups (n = 8) of 3.5-month-old ovx or intact Sprague-Dawley rats were left untreated for 11 weeks to allow for the development of cancellous osteopenia in the ovx groups. Next, the ovx rats received subcutaneous injections of hPTH (75 μg/kg per day, three times per week) or vehicle for 12 weeks. Treatments were then changed to E 2 (10 μg/kg per day, two times per week), risedronate (Ris; 3 μg/kg per day, three times per week), low-dose hPTH(1-84) (LowPTH; 25 μg/kg per day, three times per week), or vehicle, and administered for 36 weeks. The intact control group remained untreated for the duration of study. Femora and tibiae were collected at weeks −11 (baseline); 0 (ovx effect); 12 (hPTH effect), and 24, 36, and 48 (maintenance effects). Endpoints evaluated included distal femur bone mineral density (BMD) and proximal tibia cancellous bone volume (BV/TV), osteoclast surface (Oc.S), mineralizing surface (MS), mineral apposition rate (MAR), and bone formation rate (BFR). Ovariectomy had a negative effect on distal femur BMD and proximal tibia BV/TV. Treatment of ovx rats with hPTH for 12 weeks resulted in higher BMD in comparison to intact controls, and higher cancellous BV/TV in comparison to ovx controls. Discontinuation of hPTH resulted in loss of gained BMD within 24 weeks and loss of gained BV/TV within 12 weeks. Treatment of ovx rats with hPTH for 12 weeks followed by E 2 treatment left BMD and BV/TV similar to vehicle-treated ovx rats by week 48 (36 weeks after commencement of the E 2 maintenance treatment). Maintenance treatment with risedronate resulted in BMD and BV/TV similar to that of intact controls. Maintenance treatment with low-dose hPTH resulted in greater BMD and similar BV/TV in comparison to intact controls. MS and BFR were highest after low-dose hPTH administration. MS and BFR were lowest after E 2 or risedronate, whereas Oc.S was lowest after risedronate administration. Thus, in osteopenic rats, the increment in distal femur BMD and proximal tibia BV/TV gained by 12 weeks of hPTH treatment was lost within 24 and 12 weeks of treatment termination, respectively. Low-dose hPTH maintained BMD and BV/TV after hPTH treatment by stimulating bone formation, whereas risedronate maintained BMD and BV/TV by reducing bone resorption. E 2 in a maintenance dose failed to maintain BMD and BV/TV after withdrawal of hPTH treatment.
The intrinsic value of nature and moral education

Many environmental, humane and character educators try to foster a belief in the intrinsic value of nature and a respect for non‐human life among students. Marangudakis argues that Christianity advocates anthropocentrism and opposes belief in the intrinsic value of nature. If Marangudakis is correct, then a goal of many environmental and humane educators may conflict with some of their students' religious beliefs and training. Fears of conflicting students' religious beliefs may deter environmental and humane educators from teaching students to respect non‐human life and nature. In this study, the relationships between anthropocentrism, belief in the intrinsic value of nature and Christian religiosity were explored. The results fail to support Marangudakis' argument; Christian students are no more or less likely to believe in the intrinsic value of nature or advocate anthropocentrism than non‐religious students. Humane and environmental educators should continue to instruct their students to respect life ...
Diffusion of radioactive nonelectrolytes in saline-agar gels

Abstract A simple solution to gel diffusion method utilizing radioactive tracers, has been described as a means of measuring the diffusion of certain biologically important nonelectrolytes in dilute aqueous solutions.