cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Preoperative Specialty Consults on Hospitalist Comanagement of Hip Fracture Patients.

Background Hip fractures typically occur in frail elderly patients. Preoperative specialty consults, in addition to hospitalist comanagement, are often requested for preoperative risk assessment. Objective Determine if preoperative specialty consults meaningfully influence management and outcomes in hip fracture patients, while being comanaged by hospitalists DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study SETTING: Tertiary care hospital in Connecticut PATIENTS: 491 patients aged 50 years and older who underwent surgery for an isolated fragility hip fracture, defined as one occurring from a fall of a height of standing or less. Intervention Presence or absence of a preoperative specialty consult MEASUREMENTS: Time to surgery (TTS), length of hospital stay (LOS), and postoperative complications RESULTS: 177 patients had a preoperative specialty consult. Patients with consults were older and had more comorbidities. Most consult recommendations were minor (72.8%); there was a major recommendation only for eight patients (4.5%). Multivariate analysis demonstrates that consults are more likely to be associated with a TTS beyond 24 hours (Odds Ratio [OR] 4.28 [2.79-6.56]) and 48 hours (OR 2.59 [1.52-4.43]), an extended LOS (OR 2.67 [1.78-4.03]), and a higher 30-day readmission rate (OR 2.11 [1.09-4.08]). A similar 30-day mortality rate was noted in both consult and no-consult groups. Conclusions The majority of preoperative specialty consults did not meaningfully influence management and may have potentially increased morbidity by delaying surgery. Our data suggest that unless a hip fracture patient is unstable and likely to require active management by a consultant, such consults offer limited benefit when weighed against the negative impact of surgical delay.
Vocal Fold Mobility Impairment

Vocal fold immobility in children remains complex and multidisciplinary, affecting overall respiratory and nutritional health as well as speech-language development, social development, and education. Immobility may occur due to cardiac surgery in the neonate, as a sequela to thyroid, pulmonary, or esophageal surgery, due to prolonged or repeated intubation, due to genetic disorders, or from idiopathic events. Gestational age may also factor into vocal fold immobility. Both flexible laryngoscopy and ultrasonography are effective in determining the presence of vocal fold immobility. While confirmation of vocal fold paralysis can only be accomplished through laryngeal electromyography (LEMG), options for management of vocal fold immobility include observation, voice therapy, or surgical intervention. Severity of impairment is the greatest factor in determining best short-term and long-term management. Due to a naive neck for the majority of children with vocal fold paralysis, laryngeal reinnervation offers the best promise for management of moderate to severe cases.
An Examination of the Sexual Double Standard Pertaining to Masturbation and the Impact of Assumed Motives

Research reveals that masturbation is a highly stigmatized behavior for which people are harshly judged. Stigmatized sexual behaviors often result in discrepancies in social judgment such as the Sexual Double Standard (SDS; the tendency to judge women’s sexual behavior more harshly than men’s). However, no research has experimentally examined the SDS with respect to masturbation or the assumed motives influencing the potential SDS. Thus, in study one, a total of 496 U.S. adults (246 women, 250 men) were required to read one of four vignettes depicting a hypothetical man or woman engaged in masturbation. After reading the vignette, the endorsement of the SDS was assessed by asking participants to rate the perceived partner quality of the hypothetical masturbator. In study two, a total of 264 U.S. adults (115 women, 149 men) were again required to read vignettes, rate the target’s perceived partner quality, and report on the assumed pleasure and intimacy-focused motives of the target. The results of both studies revealed a reverse SDS, in which women were viewed as higher quality partners than men. Study two further demonstrated that women were assumed to have masturbated for both pleasure and intimacy-focused motives to a greater extent than men and that these motives helped to explain the reverse SDS. Overall, these findings highlight the need to equalize double standards in Western cultures to reduce potentially harmful effects on sexual health.
Cannabis use patterns and patient reported outcomes in oncology and hematology patients: An anonymous survey.

e24143Background: In a contemporary era of rapidly evolving social and regulatory changes, it is important to understand and characterize patient (pt) cannabis usage and response. Methods: In order...
Jaundice and Elevated Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in a Female: Duodenal Choriocarcinoma, Not Pregnancy.

A 29-year-old woman with developmental delay presented with 2.5 weeks of jaundice of the skin with accompanying microcytic anemia (hemoglobin 6.8 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume 70.5 fL), elevated liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase 77 U/L, alanine aminotransferase 95 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 362 U/L), total bilirubin (9.5 mg/dL; 4.4 mg/dL direct), lipase (325 U/L), and cancer antigen 19-9 (68 U/mL). The patient had no prior gastrointestinal or liver disease. CT of the chest/abdomen/pelvis found a large lobulated non-fully obstructing mass in the second and third part of the duodenum, with endoscopic biopsies yielding an invasive, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma positive for cytoplasmic-stained cells to antibody to beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) antigen, suggesting a duodenal choriocarcinoma. Treatment included biliary drainage with a percutaneous transhepatic catheter and folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) chemotherapy, but a repeat CT scan five months later revealed an increase in tumor size and invasion; the patient died shortly thereafter. Beta-hCG-secreting choriocarcinomas are rare, rapidly growing, highly invasive malignant tumors and are uncommonly present at extragonadal sites.
Alimentos en puré: Postres de lenteja

Una dieta en pure puede ser recomendada para personas con problemas para tragar. Es una dieta que requiere que los alimentos sean mezclados o procesados para obtener una textura suave, similar a un pudin.. This is the Spanish-language version of FS306, Pureed Foods: Lentil Desserts. Written by Wendy J. Dahl and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, April 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs310
Predictive Classification of IBS-subtype: Performance of a 250-gene RNA expression panel vs. Complete Blood Count (CBC) profiles under a Random Forest model

Abstract In this experiment, an R-script was developed to select the best performing machine learning (ML) predictive classification algorithm for IBS-subtype, and compare the performance of two datasets from the same clinical cohort – 1) The Complete Blood Count (CBC) results, and 2) A 250-gene Nanostring expression panel run on RNA from the “Buffy Coat” fraction. This publicly available data was compiled from open-source repositories and previously published supplementary data. Column labels were reformatted according to “tidy-data” standards. NA values in the data were imputed based on the mean value of the data column. Subject groups included Control (ie. healthy), IBS-D (diarrhea predominant), and IBS-C (constipation predominant) subtypes. These groups had unequal numbers in the original study, and so random re-sampling was used to make the group numbers equal for downstream linear regression-based analyses. The data was randomly split into training and validation subsets, and 5 classification algorithms were tested. Random Forest was clearly the best performing algorithm for both CBC and gene expression panel data, generally with >95% predictive accuracy, without additional tuning. The 250-gene RNA expression panel performed somewhat better than the CBC profile under a Random Forest model, however the CBC profiles had only 13 predictor variables vs. the 250 of the RNA expression panel. Some artifacts may result from the duplication of IBS-D and IBS-C rows from to the group-size balancing method, and so larger and more comprehensive datasets will be obtained for a follow-up analysis. The R-script and reformatted data are published as supplementary material here, and as a component of the ‘AnalyzeBloodworkv1.2’ GitHub repository.
MultiPlanar Reformation in CT of the Temporal Bone

Recent advances in multi-detector ct (mdct) technology allow for the acquisition of volumetric data with isotropic voxel size permitting reconstructions in any plane of section. These post-processing techniques have proven to be of benefit in the evaluation of temporal bone pathology. This chapter demonstrates some of the optimal imaging planes that can be used to display normal anatomy as well as pathology involving the middle and inner ear. Most of the multiplanar reconstructions employed in this chapter are slight modifications of the standard imaging planes utilized in the days of multiplanar tomography (sagittal, coronal, Poschl, and stenvers planes).
6 – EVOLUTION OF ICE CRYSTALS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIRRUS CLOUDS

This chapter discusses the role of ice crystals in the development of cirrus clouds and the effects on the same ice crystals due to this process. It is well known that cirrus clouds are composed almost completely of ice crystals. Contrary to common perception, cirrus clouds are thick, sometimes reaching a vertical extent of a few kilometers. The radiative properties of cirrus clouds depend on their microphysical characteristics, such as ice-crystal size, concentration, habit, and spatial distribution. This chapter presents a recent model study, performed by the author, on the evolution of ice-crystal microphysics in cirrus clouds. Three types of physical processes have been identified as essential for the development of cirrus clouds: dynamic, microphysical, and radiative processes. All three processes are interlinked and affect each other directly or indirectly. This chapter also examines the development of cirrus clouds in four different background environments: warm unstable state, cold unstable state, warm stable state, and cold stable state. The chapter also discusses the effect of ice-crystal habit on the development of cirrus clouds using simulations of four types of ice crystals—columns, plates, bullet rosettes, and spheres. Results presented in the chapter show that the ice water content in general varies similarly with ice crystal habit.
Pre- and Postnatal Neuroimaging of Congenital Cerebellar Abnormalities

The human cerebellum has a protracted development that makes it vulnerable to a broad spectrum of developmental disorders including malformations and disruptions. Starting from 19 to 20 weeks of gestation, prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can reliably study the developing cerebellum. Pre- and postnatal neuroimaging plays a key role in the diagnostic work-up of congenital cerebellar abnormalities. Diagnostic criteria for cerebellar malformations and disruptions are based mostly on neuroimaging findings. The diagnosis of a Dandy-Walker malformation is based on the presence of hypoplasia, elevation, and counterclockwise upward rotation of the cerebellar vermis and cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, which extends posteriorly filling out the posterior fossa. For the diagnosis of Joubert syndrome, the presence of the molar tooth sign (thickened, elongated, and horizontally orientated superior cerebellar peduncles and an abnormally deep interpeduncular fossa) is needed. The diagnostic criteria of rhombencephalosynapsis include a complete or partial absence of the cerebellar vermis and continuity of the cerebellar hemispheres across the midline. Unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia is defined by the complete aplasia or hypoplasia of one cerebellar hemisphere. Familiarity with these diagnostic criteria as well as the broad spectrum of additional neuroimaging findings is important for a correct pre- and postnatal diagnosis. A correct diagnosis is essential for management, prognosis, and counseling of the affected children and their family.
A rotating disk of gas and dust around a young counterpart to β Pictoris

β Pictoris is the best known example of a main-sequence star encircled by a tenuous disk. Optical and infrared images of β Pic suggest that the disk is composed of dust grains which have been interpreted as the debris generated by the disruption of the asteroid-sized remnants of planet-formation processes. The star itself is relatively old, with an age in excess of 100 Myr. Here we present high-resolution millimetre-wave images of continuum and molecular-line emission from dust and gas surrounding a much younger star, MWC480: the stellar properties of MWC480 are similar to those of β Pic, but its age is just 6 Myr. The morphology of the circumstellar material and a comparison with the predictions of kinematic modelling indicate the presence of a rotating disk, gravitationally bound to the star. Moreover, the mass of the disk is greater than the minimum required to form a planetary system like our own. We therefore suggest that the disk around the young star MWC480 could be a progenitor of debris disks of the type associated with older stars such as β Pic, and so holds much promise for the study of both the origin of debris disks and the early stages of the formation of planetary systems.
A scheme integrating neural networks for real-time robotic collision detection

We present a scheme incorporating neural network mappings for geometric modeling and interference determination in robotic collision detection. The scheme promises to greatly reduce the computational time associated with calculating collision points, which makes real-time obstacle avoidance more achievable. The scheme includes three modules: a geometric modeling module, a collision detection module, and a decision support module. The geometric modeling module employs the restricted Coulomb energy (RCE) paradigm to describe the spatial occupancy of a 3-D object by a number of overlapping spheres. The collision detection module receives the geometric pattern in the robot's environment and updates the spherical representation to perform geometric computation for existence of interference. The decision support module, using neural networks, provides online information for the collision detection module. A PUMA 560 robot's CAD model was built to test the scheme. The performances using the scheme and using the CAD model were compared and presented.
Worst Traffic Passing Virtual Frame Regulation: Analysis with Dynamic Programming

This paper studies a discrete-time queueing system in which the traffic regulation places an upper bound on the number of arrivals in each of the non-overlapping time windows (virtual frames) of a fixed length. The worst traffic passing through this traffic regulation is characterized. As a criterion for traffic comparison, this paper employs the weighted sum of queueing delays with the weighting factors decaying geometrically over the time horizon. This paper uses dynamic programming techniques and convexity argument to characterize the worst traffic.
Objects as attributes for scene classification

Robust low-level image features have proven to be effective representations for a variety of high-level visual recognition tasks, such as object recognition and scene classification. But as the visual recognition tasks become more challenging, the semantic gap between low-level feature representation and the meaning of the scenes increases. In this paper, we propose to use objects as attributes of scenes for scene classification. We represent images by collecting their responses to a large number of object detectors, or "object filters". Such representation carries high-level semantic information rather than low-level image feature information, making it more suitable for high-level visual recognition tasks. Using very simple, off-the-shelf classifiers such as SVM, we show that this object-level image representation can be used effectively for high-level visual tasks such as scene classification. Our results are superior to reported state-of-the-art performance on a number of standard datasets.
Measurement of the circular-polarization correlation in photons from an atomic cascade

The results of an experiment are reported which measured the circular-polarization correlation of photons emitted in the 91P1→73S1→63P0 cascade of atomic mercury. The results appear to be in general agreement with the predictions of quantum theory. They are compared with the predictions by several inequalities derived for various alternatives to quantum theory.
Component fluency in a problem-solving context

Theories of cognitive skill suggest two hypotheses about component task practice. First, component practice increases the speed of executing component skills during problem solving. Second, compone...
Fabrication of surface bumps on a capsule to simulate fill tube mass defects

Precision single bumps were deposited on the surface of ICF capsules to simulate the hydrodynamic instability caused by a fill tube. The bump is fabricated by placing an aperture mask on the capsule and coating plasma polymer through the aperture. The apparatus and procedures used to align and hold the shell for coating will be described. Bumps were made having a width of about 50 {micro}m and from 1 to 10 {micro}m in height. The bumps were characterized using interference microscopy and AFM.
Glyoxylate Inhibition of Ribulosebisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Activation State in vivo :

Mesure des taux de ribulosebisphosphate foliaire et de photosynthese afin d'evaluer l'hypothese qu'une diminution en intermediaires du cycle de Calvin induit une rapide inhibition de la photosynthese chez des mutants d'Arabidopsis thaliana pour la photorespiration. Etude in vivo et in vitro de la rubisco
A crystal-solute interaction theory

Abstract The interaction theory predicts the growth rate for surface reaction limited crystal growth and explains the induction period observed in crystal growth experiments.
Probing the NASA Generic Transport Aircraft in Real-Time for Health Monitoring

This brief paper describes the development of a pulse compression probing algorithm for real-time monitoring of nonlinear dynamic systems. The probing outputs of a system being monitored are estimates of the sequences of Markov parameters at the current operating point. By imposing signal to noise ratios at both the controlled outputs and the probing outputs, the probing inputs are designed to be non-intrusive and with the intention that the resulting probing outputs are unaffected by other applied signals to the system. The probing algorithm is implemented on a Virtex-5 field-programmable gate-array evaluation platform to expedite real-time processing, and is applied to monitoring the health of the NASA Generic Transport Aircraft Model (GTM). Samples of probing output residuals are evaluated using the Hotelling's T2-test for change detection when significant noise is present in the system. This brief paper focuses its discussion on the method of rapid collection of independent samples to reduce detection delay.
GSK‐3β and α‐catenin binding regions of β‐catenin exert opposing effects on the terminal ventral optic axonal projection

We overexpressed two deletion mutants of the N-terminal domain of β-catenin in ventral optic axons in living Xenopus tadpoles. One deletion mutant contained both the α-catenin and the GSK-3β binding sites of the N-terminal domain of β-catenin (NTERM), and the second deletion mutant contained only the GSK-3β binding site (β-cat107). Expression of NTERM in ventral optic axons dispersed and induced anterior and lateral shifts in their targeting locations in the dorsal tectum. In contrast, β-cat107 compressed and shifted the synaptic targeting locations of ventral optic axons medially and posteriorly. In addition, NTERM-expressing ventral optic axons formed arbors that were wider than controls whereas β-cat107 axonal arbors were narrower compared with controls. These data suggest that the interactions of β-catenin with α-catenin and GSK-3β exert opposing effects on the terminal projections of ventral optic axons. Developmental Dynamics 237:1434-1441, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comparative toxicities of fonofos and phorate to different populations of Melanotus communis (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Southern Florida

The toxicities of two commonly used soil insecticides, fonofos and phorate, were compared among one larval population of the corn wireworm, Melanotus communis (Gyllenhal), from sugarcane fields and three populations from potato fields in southern Florida. Fonofos toxicity did not differ among most populations; however, phorate toxicity did. Phorate was consistently less toxic to one population from potato fields. The toxicities of these two compounds to the population from sugarcane fields did not differ from those from potato fields, despite differences in insecticide pressure between the two crops.
Ultrastructure of synaptic remodeling in piriform cortex of adult rats after neonatal olfactory bulb removal: an immunocytochemical study.

The purpose of this investigation was to study possible remodeling in synaptic structures of the piriform cortex (PC) of adult rats following neonatal deafferentation by removal of the olfactory bulb (OB) at birth. Emphasis was placed on possible qualitative changes in the ultrastructure and immunocytochemical localization of cholecystokinin (CCK, a possible excitatory neurotransmitter or modulator) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD, precursor enzyme to the inhibitory transmitter GABA in axons, terminals, and synaptic complexes. Light microscopic results in normal adult material show that GAD-positive terminals form a dense band subjacent to the lateral olfactory tract (LOT), become less dense in deeper Ib, and are rare in layer II. Following deafferentation, GAD-positive terminals appear denser and more homogeneously distributed throughout layer I and are also more prevalent in layer II. Ultrastructural results of normals and controls indicate GAD-positive terminals normally contain pleomorphic or flattened vesicles and form symmetric contacts onto dendritic shafts and branches throughout layer I. In deafferented layer I not only do there appear to be greater numbers of symmetric GAD-positive contacts, but in contrast to normals, asymmetric contacts mainly onto spines are now present. Light microscopic results from deafferented material also show an apparent proliferation with spread or sprouting of CCK-positive fibers or axonlike structures mainly into layer Ia, whereas these fibers are normally observed only in the LOT and are generally few in number. Also in normals the few CCK-positive terminals in the area subjacent to the LOT contain flattened or pleomorphic vesicles and form symmetric contacts. Deafferentation results in CCK-positive terminals throughout layer I with a greater frequency of synaptic contacts which now also include a few asymmetric contacts onto spines. The findings clearly show modifications in synaptic patterns of immunocyto-chemical-labeled terminals that might be compatible with the process of atypical reinnervation of deafferented postsynaptic sites and possible ingrowth of new axons.
Affinity chromatography of carbonic anhydrase

Abstract An insoluble support for affinity chromatography of carbonic anhydrase has been prepared by coupling Sulfamylon (p-aminomethylbenzene sulfonamide) to Sepharose 4B. Carbonic anhydrase binds to Sulfamylon-Sepharose very strongly and can be eluted under mild conditions by the addition of enzyme inhibitors. The gel was used to purify carbonic anhydrase from human erythrocytes and to separate isozymes B and C. It was also employed to separate native enzyme from modified carbonic anhydrases. The apoenzyme and the carboxymethyl enzyme of human carbonic anhydrase B were both isolated by this method.
Cotton roots, earthworms, and infiltration characteristics in sod-peanut-cotton cropping systems

Diverse cropping systems offer many advantages to farmers. We evaluated root growth, soil water infiltration, and earthworm population densities in a conventional peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)/cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) rotation using conservation tillage (CT), and a peanut/cotton/bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge) farming system. The rotations were initiated in 2000 in Quincy, FL, and in 2001 in Headland, AL, in both cases on a Dothan sandy loam (fine, loamy siliceous, thermic Plinthic Kandiudults). In 2003, a year with more uniform rainfall, cotton in the sod-based rotation had larger average crown root diameter per plant (22.6 vs. 16.3 mm), root area (87.2 vs. 57.4 cm 2 ), root length (640 vs. 460 cm), and root biomass (18.59 vs. 10.45 g) as compared with cotton in the peanut/cotton rotation. Water infiltration rates were higher in both cotton and peanut after bahiagrass compared with the conventional peanut/cotton rotation in 2003. Earthworm population densities were greater in the sod rotation compared with the traditional peanut/cotton cropping system. Water infiltration was positively correlated to earthworm population densities. Despite the improvements in soil quality, cotton yield in the sod rotation was the same as the traditional cropping systems. Cotton developed excessive vegetative growth in the bahiagrass system at the expense of lint yield. Further research is needed to determine the N rate for the sod-based rotation in comparison with the conventional cotton/peanut rotation.
Current concepts in diabetic gastroparesis

Diabetic gastroparesis is a common and debilitating condition affecting millions of patients with diabetes mellitus worldwide. Although gastroparesis in diabetes has been known clinically for more than 50 years, treatment options remain very limited. Until recently, the scientific literature has offered few clues regarding the precise aetiology of gastric dysfunction in diabetes. Up to 50% of patients with diabetes may experience postprandial abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and bloating secondary to gastric dysfunction. There is no clear association between length of disease and the onset of delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis affects both type 1 (insulin dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin dependent) forms of diabetes. Diagnosis requires identifying the proper symptom complex, while excluding other entities (peptic ulcer disease, rheumatological diseases, medication effects). The diagnosis of gastroparesis may be confirmed by demonstrating gastric emptying delay during a 4-hour scintigraphic study. Treatment options are limited and rely on dietary modifications, judicious use of available pharmacological agents, and occasionally surgical or endoscopic placement of gastrostomies or jejunostomies. Gastric pacing offers promise for patients with medically refractory gastroparesis but awaits further investigation. Current pharmacological agents for treating gastroparesis include metoclopramide, erythromycin, cisapride (only available via a company-sponsored programme) and domperidone (not US FDA approved). All of these drugs act as promotility agents that increase the number or the intensity of gastric contractions. These medications are not uniformly effective and all have adverse effects that limit their use. Cisapride has been removed from the open market as a result of over 200 reported cases of cardiac toxicity attributed to its use. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of clinical studies that clearly define the efficacy of these agents in diabetic gastroparesis and there are no studies that compare these drugs to each other. The molecular pathophysiology of diabetic gastroparesis is unknown, limiting the development of rational therapies. New studies, primarily in animals, point to a defect in the enteric nervous system as a major molecular cause of abnormal gastric motility in diabetes. This defect is characterised by a loss of nitric oxide signals from nerves to muscles in the gut resulting in delayed gastric emptying. Novel therapies designed to augment nitric oxide signalling are being studied.
Frequency-Shifted Signature of the HF Pump in the Ionospheric Focused Heating Experiment

Ionospheric heating experiments have begun to examine interactions at altitudes where the heater HF wave frequency matches the local electron plasma frequency. We discuss the frequency-shifted signature observed by radiowave receivers on a rocket launched into the HF beam and approaching the interaction altitude. The frequency shifts associated with the upgoing (transmitted) and the downgoing (reflected) waves arise from the Doppler effect and changes in the wave vector. The characteristic spectral signature provides a method to locate the reflection altitude accurately. Generally, the ratio of intensities of upgoing and downgoing waves decreases as the reflection altitude is approached.
The effect of increasing salinity and forest mortality on soil nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in tidal freshwater forested wetlands

Tidal freshwater wetlands are sensitive to sea level rise and increased salinity, although little information is known about the impact of salinification on nutrient biogeochemistry in tidal freshwater forested wetlands. We quantified soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) mineralization using seasonal in situ incubations of modified resin cores along spatial gradients of chronic salinification (from continuously freshwater tidal forest to salt impacted tidal forest to oligohaline marsh) and in hummocks and hollows of the continuously freshwater tidal forest along the blackwater Waccamaw River and alluvial Savannah River. Salinification increased rates of net N and P mineralization fluxes and turnover in tidal freshwater forested wetland soils, most likely through tree stress and senescence (for N) and conversion to oligohaline marsh (for P). Stimulation of N and P mineralization by chronic salinification was apparently unrelated to inputs of sulfate (for N and P) or direct effects of increased soil conductivity (for N). In addition, the tidal wetland soils of the alluvial river mineralized more P relative to N than the blackwater river. Finally, hummocks had much greater nitrification fluxes than hollows at the continuously freshwater tidal forested wetland sites. These findings add to knowledge of the responses of tidal freshwater ecosystems to sea level rise and salinification that is necessary to predict the consequences of state changes in coastal ecosystem structure and function due to global change, including potential impacts on estuarine eutrophication.
Corrections to "Optimal detection using bilinear time-frequency and time-scale representations"

Sayeed and Jones (IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.43, p.2872-83, 1995) develop an optimal detection framework based on quadratic time-frequency and time-scale representations. The expressions for certain test statistics in that paper contain a factor of 1/2 that is not needed. Moreover, certain "MAP GLRT" detectors are proposed in Sayeed and Jones whose forms should be slightly different than those described there. The following section describes the appropriate changes that rectify the situation.
Miscibility in PVC-polyester blends

Abstract Blends of poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, with the polyesters poly(butylene adipate), poly(hexamethylene sebacate), poly(2,2-dimethyl,1,3-propylene succinate) and poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol succinate) were found to exhibit a single, composition dependent glass transition. Thus, these polyesters are miscible with PVC as others have reported for poly(ϵ-caprolactone). However, mixtures of poly(ethylene succinate), poly(ethylene adipate) and poly(ethylene ortho phthalate) with PVC were found not to be miscible. Melting point depression has been used to estimate the blend interaction parameter. These results combined with others from the literature suggest that there is an optimum density of ester groups in the polymer chain for achieving maximum interaction with PVC. Too few or too many ester groups result in immiscibility with PVC.
Exercise Following Heart Transplantation

During the past 2 decades, heart transplantation has evolved from an experimental procedure to an accepted life-extending therapy for patients with endstage heart failure. However, with dramatic improvements in organ preservation, surgery and immunosuppressive drug management, short term survival is no longer the pivotal issue for most heart transplant recipients (HTR). Rather, a return to functional lifestyle with good quality of life is now the desired procedural outcome. To achieve this outcome, aggressive exercise rehabilitation is essential. HTR present unique exercise challenges. Preoperatively, most of these patients had chronic debilitating cardiac illness. Many HTR have had prolonged pretransplantation hospitalisation for inotropic support or a ventricular assist device. Decrements in peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and related cardiovascular parameters regress approximately 26% within the first 1 to 3 weeks of sustained bed rest. Consequently, extremely poor aerobic capacity and cardiac cachexia are not unusual occurrences in HTR who have required mechanical support or been confined to bed rest. Moreover, HTR must also contend with de novo exercise challenges conferred by chronic cardiac denervation and the multiple sequelae resulting from immunosuppression therapy. There is ample evidence that both endurance and resistance training are well tolerated in HTR. Moreover, there is growing clinical consensus that specific endurance and resistance training regimens in HTR can be efficacious adjunctive therapies in the prevention of immunosuppression-induced adverse effects and the reversal of pathophysiological consequences associated with cardiac denervation and antecedent heart failure. For example, some HTR who remain compliant during strenuous long term endurance training programmes achieve peak heart rate and VO2peak values late after transplantation that approach age-matched norms (up to approximately 95% of predicted). These benefits are not seen in HTR who do not participate in structured endurance exercise training. Rather, peak heart rate and VO2peak values in untrained HTR remain approximately 60 to 70% of predicted indefinitely. However, the mechanisms responsible for improved peak heart rate, VO2peak and total exercise time are not completely understood and require further investigation. Recent studies have also demonstrated that resistance exercise training may be an effective countermeasure for corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis and skeletal muscle myopathy. HTR who participate in specific resistance training programmes successfully restore bone mineral density (BMD) in both the axial and appendicular skeleton to pretransplantation levels, increase lean mass to levels greater than pretransplantation, and reduce body fat. In contrast, HTR who do not participate in resistance training lose approximately 15% BMD from the lumbar spine early in the postoperative period and experience further gradual reductions in BMD and muscle mass late after transplantation.
Isolation of nucleolar DNA-binding proteins by simultaneous, competitive DNA-sephadex affinity chromatography

Abstract A new method is described for the isolation of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, based on simultaneous, competitive binding to homologous or heterologous DNA. Since both types of DNA are bound to a solid matrix (Sephadex beads), the method may be used for the preparative isolation of proteins which bind preferentially to specific DNA sequences. Fractionation of nucleolar proteins from Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells by this technique yields two protein fractions which show much greater apparent specificity of binding to homologous DNA, in a nitrocellulose filter-binding assay, the unfractionated nucleolar proteins.
Genome-wide ChIP-seq mapping and analysis reveal butyrate-induced acetylation of H3K9 and H3K27 correlated with transcription activity in bovine cells

Butyrate-induced histone acetylation plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. However, the regulation mechanisms of histone modification remain largely unclear. To comprehensively analyze histone modification induced by butyrate, we utilized chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) technology combined with next-generation sequencing technology (ChIP-seq) to analyze histone modification (acetylation) induced by butyrate and to map the epigenomic landscape of normal histone H3 and acetylated histone H3K9 and H3K27 on a large scale. To determine the location of histone H3, acetyl-H3K9, and acetyl-H3K27 binding sites within the bovine genome, we analyzed the H3-, acetyl-H3K9-, and acetyl-H3K27-enriched binding regions in the proximal promoter within 5 kb upstream, or at the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) from the transcriptional start site (TSS), exon, intron, and intergenic regions (defined as regions 25 kb upstream or 10 kb downstream from the TSS). Our analysis indicated that the distribution of histone H3, acetyl-H3K9, and acetyl-H3K27 correlated with transcription activity induced by butyrate. Using the GADEM algorithm, several motifs were generated for each of the ChIP-seq datasets. A de novo search for H3, acetyl-H3K9, and acetyl-H3K27 binding motifs indicated that histone modification (acetylation) at various locations changes the histone H3 binding preferences. Our results reveal that butyrate-induced acetylation in H3K9 and H3K27 changes the sequence-based binding preference of histone H3 and underlies the potential mechanisms of gene expression regulation induced by butyrate.
Preferred allocations with uncertain implementation

In generating preferred courses of action based on benefit-cost analyses, policy scientists usually take implementation for granted. This should clearly not be the case, for rarely is implementation certain. Implementation considerations should become an integral part of any benefit-cost analysis. Various viewpoint concerning implementation are possible: not all of them can be modelled. This paper incorporates some facets of implementation into a multiple-objective, multiple-program resource allocation model. Implementation is introduced in terms of the likelihood of program acceptability. An outline of a more general approach is also presented. The implementation-allocation model developed is applied to a small-scale example which illustrates the types of insights obtainable. The impact of uncertain implementation is seen to be significant.
Clinical Evaluation of a Quaternary Ammonium‐Containing Mouthrinse

This was a double-blind, radomized, crossover study of adult subjects to evaluate the effect of a test mouthrinse (Cepacol) on plaque accumulation. The study was divided into two parts, four weeks each, one in which only a mouthwash was used (part I) and the other in which a mouthwash and toothbrushing were used (part II). 1. The test mouthrinse produced a satistically significant reduction in dental plaque when compared to a placebo rinse. 2. The GI averaged approximately 1.0 throughout the study regardless of which mouthrinse was used. 3. A possible carryover effect of the test mouthrinse was noted. 4. A lower plaque score was seen in 67 to 75% of all patients during the period in which the test mouthrinse was used as compared to the placebo. 5. Ten subjects reported a burning sensation of the tongue with the test mouthrinse. No objective adverse effects were seen.
Mexican Consuls and Labor Organizing: Imperial Politics in the American Southwest

Preface and Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1. The 1910 Mexican Revolution, the United States, and Mexico de afuera Chapter 2. Organizing Mexico de afuera in Southern California Chapter 3. The Los Angeles County Strike of 1933 Chapter 4. The San Joaquin Valley Strike of 1933 Chapter 5. The Imperial Valley Strikes of 1933-1934 Chapter 6. Denouement and Renaissance Notes Bibliography Index
A branch and bound algorithm for the generalized assignment problem

This paper describes what is termed the “generalized assignment problem”. It is a generalization of the ordinary assignment problem of linear programming in which multiple assignments of tasks to agents are limited by some resource available to the agents. A branch and bound algorithm is developed that solves the generalized assignment problem by solving a series of binary knapsack problems to determine the bounds. Computational results are cited for problems with up to 4 000 0–1 variables, and comparisons are made with other algorithms.
Neutronen- und Röntgenbeugungsuntersuchungen über die Struktur des Wolframcarbides WC und Vergleich mit älteren Elektronenbeugungsdaten

Eine Neutronenbeugungsuntersuchung des WC zeigt, das WC in hexagonaler Form kristallisiert. Die Wolframatome besetzen die Gitterpunkte 000, die Kohlenstoffatome die Gitterpunkte 1/3 2/3 1/2. Die Neutronenbeugungsstudie beweist im Gegensatz zu Elektronen- und Rontgenbeugungsuntersuchungen uber-zeugend, das WC nicht in einem Gitter des NiAs-Strukturtyps kristallisiert.
Cloning and Characterization of a Testis‐Specific, Developmentally Regulated A‐Kinase‐Anchoring Protein (Takap‐80) Present on the Fibrous Sheath of Rat Sperm

cAMP is important for the initiation of mammalian sperm motility. Previously we established that a type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase is tightly associated with the fibrous sheath of rat sperm. This unique cytoskeletal structure surrounds the 9+2 axonemal network in the principal piece of the flagellum. Association of the kinase to the fibrous sheath is mediated via its regulatory subunit, RII. An RII-binding overlay procedure was used to document that RII could specifically associate with fibrous sheath polypeptides of 120 and 80 kDa. In this study, we report the cloning of a rat testis-specific, developmentally regulated, RII-binding protein (TAKAP-80). A 1.2-kb cDNA clone, isolated by screening a rat testis expression library with 32P-labeled RII, hybridized to a 1.8-kb mRNA transcript present exclusively in testis. This transcript appeared at detectable levels at 30 days after birth. Over the next 10 days the mRNA levels increased greatly. This time interval corresponds to the initiation of spermiogenesis. The complete nucleotide sequence of TAKAP-80 cDNA was obtained by polymerase chain reaction and contained a continuous open reading frame of 502 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a clear demarcation of charged and hydrophobic amino acid residues. Amino acids 1-147 of the protein contained 45% charged residues, with lysine and arginine predominating. Similarly, amino acids 268-502 also contained a high percentage of charged amino acids (35%). In contrast, amino acids 148-267 were mostly hydrophobic and contained clusters of a repeating PXXP motif where X was predominantly valine and alanine or sometimes proline. The 1.2-kb cDNA clone was inserted into the pRSET vector and expressed as a His6 tag fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was soluble and bound RIIalpha, RIIbeta and type IIalpha holoenzyme by the RII-binding overlay procedure. Deletion analysis revealed that the high-affinity interaction site for RII was contained within amino acids 258-378 of TAKAP-80. Antibodies prepared against the fusion protein recognized an 80-kDa protein present in the urea-insoluble particulate fraction of rat testis and in purified fibrous sheath preparations isolated from rat epididymal sperm. Levels of the 80-kDa immunoreactive protein were significantly higher in mature (60 days old) compared with immature (30 days old) rat testis, correlating with the mRNA levels.
Quantitation of chemically induced damage to DNA of aquatic organisms by alkaline unwinding assay

Abstract The effect of chronic exposure to the genotoxic chemical benzo[ a ]pyrene (BaP) on the integrity of DNA, as measured by the level of double-strandedness of this macromolecule, for two aquatic organisms was investigated. In order to facilitate these studies, a method for the rapid and facile isolation of DNA from either the liver of bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus ) or the entire fathead minnow ( Pimephales promelas ) was developed. DNA was examined for chemically- induced strand breaks using an alkaline unwinding assay where strand separation is achieved under defined conditions of pH and temperature, and the amounts of double-stranded and single-stranded DNA present upon termination of alkaline unwinding were quantified by fluorescence measurements using Hoechst dye 33258. The kinetics of DNA strand separation under the alkaline denaturation conditions employed demonstrated the suitability of the technique for estimating strand breaks. It was observed that BP-induced damage to liver DNA of the bluegill sunfish during chronic exposure via their water proceeds through two distinct phases. There is an initial phase of decline in the level of double-strandedness of the DNA, which is immediate and rapid. By day 16 the level is 10% of that observed in nonexposed fish. During the next phase, which occurs subsequent to day 16, the level of double-strandedness increases and by day 30 is approximately that of the control population. Exposure of fathead minnows to BaP, under conditions identical to that for the bluegill sunfish, results in similar DNA damage during the initial phase of exposure.
Chromium content of selected breakfast cereals

Abstract Chromium concentrations of breakfast cereals ranged from 3 to 701 ng/g; on a per serving basis (50 g) from 0.15 to 35 μg. Several cereals, especially high-bran cereals, contained more than 10% of the minimum suggested safe and adequate daily intake of chromium per serving. These data demonstrate that while the chromium content of breakfast cereals varies widely, several breakfast cereals are rich sources of dietary chromium.
Effects of material anisotropy and inhomogeneity on cavitation for composite incompressible anisotropic nonlinearly elastic spheres

Abstract The effects of material anisotropy and inhomogeneity on void nucleation and growth in incompressible anisotropic nonlinearly elastic solids are examined. A bifurcation problem is considered for a composite sphere composed of two arbitrary homogeneous incompressible nonlinearly elastic materials which are transversely isotropic about the radial direction, and perfectly bonded across a spherical interface. Under a uniform radial tensile dead-load, a branch of radially symmetric configurations involving a traction-free internal cavity bifurcates from the undeformed configuration at sufficiently large loads. Several types of bifurcation are found to occur. Explicit conditions determining the type of bifurcation are established for the general transversely isotropic composite sphere. In particular, if each phase is described by an explicit material model which may be viewed as a generalization of the classic neo-Hookean model to anisotropic materials, phenomena which were not observed for the homogeneous anisotropic sphere nor for the composite neo-Hookean sphere may occur. The stress distribution as well as the possible role of cavitation in preventing interface debonding are also examined for the general composite sphere.
New abyssal Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, equatorial northeastern Pacific

Three new species, including a new genus, Abyssoprimnoa, are described from abyssal depths from the easternmost Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone in the equatorial northeastern Pacific. This prompted the listing of all 39 octocorallian taxa collected deeper than 3000 m, which constitutes only about 1.2 % of the octocoral species. To place this in perspective, the depth records for other benthic cnidarian orders are compared.