cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Success of image-guided biopsy for small (≤ 3 cm) focal liver lesions in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic individuals.

Purpose Imaging techniques can detect small liver lesions, although these are a challenge to biopsy, particularly in cirrhotic liver. The authors assessed the diagnostic success of image-guided biopsies collected from small (≤ 3 cm) focal liver lesions. Materials and Methods This single-center, retrospective study included 374 patients (199 men; mean age, 62 ± 15). Eighteen-gauge core biopsy and 22-gauge fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples were collected from small focal liver lesions. Samples were compared by histology versus cytology, malignant versus benign, from lesions smaller versus larger than 1.5 cm, from livers with versus without cirrhosis, collected by computed tomography (CT) guidance versus ultrasound, and from different locations in the liver. Results The combined accuracy of core biopsy plus FNA analysis was 95.5%; core biopsy alone characterized 93.3% of samples, and FNA alone characterized 72.5% ( P P > .05). Biopsy characterized 95.3% (102 of 107) lesions ≤ 1.5 cm. The success in cirrhotic livers was 94.8%, for CT-guided biopsies was 95%, and for ultrasound-guided biopsies was 95.8% ( P > .05). The success rate was lower in liver caudate lobe than in other locations ( P Conclusions Image-guided biopsy of small (≤ 3 cm) focal liver lesions is highly reliable with the use of core biopsy alone. Neither size ≤ 1.5 cm nor presence of cirrhosis is an impediment to biopsy. CT and ultrasound guidance produce similar rates of success.
Suppression in auditory-nerve fibers of cats using low-side suppressors. I. Temporal aspects.

Abstract Two-tone suppression was studied in the auditory nerve fibers of anesthetized cats, using low-frequency suppressors (50–2000 Hz). The response to the characteristic-frequency (CF) tone was suppressed in a phase-specific manner, attaining one or two minimums in 1 cycle of the suppressor (SUP) tone. The suppression phase-lead (i.e., the phase of maximum suppression leading the phase of response to the SUP tone) was about 1 4 cycle for lower-frequency suppressors (50, 100 and 200 Hz), and was close to 1 2 cycle for higher-frequency suppressors (500, 1000 and 2000 Hz). Both the phase of suppression and the suppression phase-lead are independent of fiber spontaneous rate (SR). Some fibers also show a secondary (minor) suppression at higher SUP intensities, which is always about 1 2 cycle away from the first (major) one. Fibers with higher CFs (> 2 kHz) are more likely to show a secondary suppression than those with lower CFs. The threshold difference between the major and minor suppressions is CF-dependent: lower CF fibers usually show differences of 10 dB or greater, while higher CF fibers show smaller differences. The secondary suppression is suppressor-frequency-dependent, usually restricted to lower-frequency suppressors (⪯ 200 Hz). No fibers showed a secondary suppression with a SUP frequency 1000 Hz or greater. The phases of suppressions (both the major and minor suppressions) are not affected by the intensity of the CF tone. Non-excitatory, low-frequency suppressors can also give rise to significant suppression. The threshold of synchronization to the SUP tone in the two-tone part was usually the lowest, while the SUP-alone rate threshold was highest. The threshold of synchronization in the SUP-alone segment and threshold of suppression were in between. In some low-SR fibers, complete suppression can be seen.
Singular Observer-Based Compensators and the Deterministic Separation Principle

The concept of observer-based compensators (OBCs) and the deterministic separation principle have long been cornerstones of modern control theory. In our paper, we extend these ideas via singular system theory to encompass a wider variety of rational compensators. We show that the separation principle generalizes in a natural way to OBCs of all orders, including the static case. We pay particular attention to the problems of properness and conjugate symmetry. Our intention is to provide an introductory account of this framework and to suggest possible avenues of further development.
A Method for Comparing Individual Growth Rates of Aquatic Insects with Special Reference to the Odonata

A method for representing individual growth rates of aquatic insects from field sampling is presented using the mean instar number as the age criterion. Various examples are used to show how the method is useful in making both intra— and interspecific comparisons. Significantly different growth rates are shown between populations of the same species in different habitats. Also, an example is presented which shows the possible role of temporal separation in niche differentiation between two similar species. See full-text article at JSTOR
Dynamic, Embodied, Limited-Capacity Attention and Memory: Modeling Cognitive Processing of Mediated Stimuli

Abstract Human sensory processing does not occur in a vacuum. Instead it unfolds over time and reflects the motivational goals of the person. The perceptual system identifies emotionally relevant stimuli from the world, and these stimuli are processed differently than unemotional stimuli. As the nervous system prepares the body for action, motivated attention is directed to relevant objects in the world. These processes are not separable but rather reflect a unified embodied cognition. When visual information is mediated, the body still responds, and cognition of emotionally charged mediated topics reflects the body's responses. This article outlines a dynamic, embodied approach to the cognitive processing of mediated stimuli, presents a connectionist model to account for the cognitive processing, and compares model predictions with past results. The model is driven by data and theoretical work in communication showing that arousal fundamentally affects processing of and memory for mediated messages.
Molecular characterization of TRP1, a gene coding for tryptophan synthetase in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus.

Abstract We utilized a cloned gene (TRP5) encoding tryptophan synthetase (TSase) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify and clone the corresponding gene (TRP1) from the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus. The primary nucleotide (nt) sequence of this gene was determined and compared to sequences from other filamentous fungi, as well as to other genes coding for TSase. A transformation assay was used to demonstrate that 321 nt, which do not include CAAT or TATAAA elements and precede the translation initiation codon, are sufficient for expression in a variety of chromosomal locations. The coding region (2584 nt) is interrupted at nine positions, and putative splicing signals (5'-GTRNGT…YAG-3') are present in each case. The predicted translation product contains 702 amino acids (aa) and is very similar to other TSases, except in the region of aa 257–296 that connects the α and β functional domains. Both the number and the identity of the aa differ in this region between C. cinereus, S. cerevisiae, and Neurospora crassa. Comparison of exon boundaries in the C. cinereus sequence to the three-dimensional structure of Salmonella typhimurium TSase indicates that there is no simple correlation between exons and major functional domains in this protein.
Evidence for a critical period for imprinting in khaki campbell ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)

Abstract In an attempt to simulate certain aspects of a natural setting, newly hatched and 5-day-old ducklings were exposed to an imprinting stimulus under conditions where flight from the stimulus completely removed them from its presence. The results indicated that while the younger subjects tended to approach the stimulus, the older ducklings rapidly and persistently escaped from it. In a second study, older ducklings were denied the opportunity to escape from the imprinting stimulus. Under these conditions the flight reaction waned and the subjects began to approach the stimulus. The overall pattern of results are consistent with the concept of a critical period for imprinting.
On-the-Job Practices of Early Childhood Special Education Providers Trained in Family-Centered Practices.

This qualitative study investigated the use of family-centered practices by graduates of two early childhood special education personnel preparation programs that embedded family-centered pedagogy and involvement in all coursework. Three cohorts, involving 19 graduates employed in 19 different programs located in six states, participated in individually administered interviews to identify their perspectives about and use of family-centered practices in their work environments. All graduates were committed to and described using family-centered practices, but the large majority of graduates also identified significant barriers to using family-centered practices, including lack of support from colleagues and administrators and lack of policies related to working with families. Implications for preservice preparation, policy makers, and service programs are discussed.
Increased Accumulation of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans in Cultures of Human Fibroblasts from Phenytoin-induced Gingival Overgrowth:

Long-term ingestion of phenytoin elicits gingival overgrowth. We investigated sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) metabolism by human gingival fibroblasts from normal gingivae and from phenytoin-enlarged gingivae. Incorporation, utilization, and subsequent loss of 35SO4= was measured in pulse-chase experiments. Fibroblasts from overgrown gingivae demonstrated increased accumulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans. The increase was due to elevated synthesis and not to decreased degradation.
The language of society. The Cubeo mourning ceremony as example

Anthropology's language of society, which is one of the discipline's major achievements, did not arise by taking into account the possibility that other societies might have their own language of society. In the example of the Cubeo mourning ceremony, a traditional interpretation argues that its instrumental value is to resolve the emotional rupture brought on by death. Viewed in its own terms, however, the ritual is an elaborate contemplation of death and of the conditions of adultery, violence and sorcery, which the Cubeo understand give rise to death. This paper elucidates the Cubeo language of society, which is expressed in ritual terms, and their consciousness of sociality.
Vegetable cultivar descriptions for North America: list 24 1999

This list of the North American vegetable cultivars was developed using the database of cultivars registered with the American Seed Trade Association, as well as published descriptions from scientific journals and seed catalogs. Assistant editors responsible for each crop were instructed to obtain as much information as possible about the cultivars available to North American growers. The crop species are listed alphabetically, with cultivars listed alphabetically within each of those. The information about each cultivar is presented in a standard format that includes the cultivar name, experimental designation, breeder, vendor, parents, plant characteristics, disease and other resistances, similar cultivars, areas of adaptation, plant variety protection information, and year of release. In many cases, complete information was not available for the cultivars included in the list. Cultivars listed here were generally released since 1988, when the last vegetable
Induction of a pro-apoptotic ATM–NF-κB pathway and its repression by ATR in response to replication stress

The transcription factor NF-κB has critical functions in biologic responses to genotoxic stimuli. Activation of NF-κB in response to DNA double strand break (DSB) inducers can be mediated by ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated)-dependent phosphorylation of NEMO (NF-κB essential modulator). Here, we show that the replication stress inducers hydroxyurea (HU) and aphidicolin also activate this ATM-dependent signalling pathway. We further show that ATR (ATM- and Rad3-related) interacts with NEMO but surprisingly does not cause NEMO phosphorylation. Consequently, ATR represses NF-κB activation induced by replication stress. Reduction or increase of ATR expression by RNA interference or overexpression increased or reduced ATM–NEMO association and NF-κB activation induced by HU. Apoptosis gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses indicated that HU and the DSB inducer etoposide caused complex patterns of NF-κB-dependent pro- and antiapoptotic gene expression with the overall outcome for the former being pro-apoptotic, whereas the latter antiapoptotic. Thus, replication stress and DSB inducers activate NF-κB through a conserved pathway with opposite biologic outcomes, and ATR antagonizes ATM function at least in part by competing for NEMO association.
Emerging Versus Emancipating The Transition to Adulthood for Youth in Foster Care

Emerging adulthood has been defined as a distinct developmental stage in which youth experience opportunities for identity development and transition toward independence. While this period has been...
Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on biological activity of alpha-estradiol benzoate.

Smith and Smith (1944, 1945, 1946, 1947) have advanced the theory that in vivo estrogen degradation products which are themselves relatively inactive on the vagina, may have certain other properties which have been attributed to estrogen per se, notably the effects upon the secretory activity of the anterior pituitary. In this connection they investigated the pituitary stimulating ability of Westerfeld’s lactone, an in vitro oxidative inactivation product of estrone. Although the lactone was only one-fifteenth as active as estrone with respect to vaginal estrus, it was reported to be more active than estrone in causing the release of luteinizing hormone from the pituitaries of immature female rats. It was also found to be quite active in reducing the transplantable pituitary gonadotrophic activity and in increasing the adrenal and pituitary weight of male rats. This activity was reported to be much greater than could be accounted for on the basis of the slight estrogenic activity of the lactone.
Formation of forearc basins and their influence on subduction zone earthquakes

Recent observations of an association between forearc basins and slip during subduction thrust earthquakes suggest a link between processes controlling upper plate structure and seismic coupling on the subduction-zone thrust fault. We present a mechanism for the formation of these basins where sedimentation occurs on landward-dipping segments of the subduction wedge, which itself is actively growing through the accretion of material from the subducting plate. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that sedimentation stabilizes the underlying wedge, preventing internal deformation beneath the basin. Maximum slip during great-thrust earthquakes tends to occur where sedimentary basins stabilize the overlaying wedge. The lack of deformation in these stable regions increases the likelihood of thermal pressurization of the subduction thrust, allows the fault to load faster, and allows greater healing of the fault between rupture events. These effects link deformation of the subduction wedge to the seismic coupling of the subduction thrust.
Characterization of nonlinear absorption in phosphine-substituted bithiophenes

The two-photon absorption cross-sections of two novel derivatives of 5,5'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-2,2'-bithiophene have been measured using Z scans employing 27-ps pulses at multiple pulse energies, yielding values of 1500 ± 50 GM and 2830 ± 50 GM.
Investigating developmental changes in sensory processing: visual mismatch response in healthy children.

The ability to detect small changes in one’s visual environment is important for effective adaptation to and interaction with a wide variety of external stimuli. Much research has studied the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN), or the brain’s automatic response to rare changes in a series of repetitive auditory stimuli. But recent studies indicate that a visual homologue to this component of the event-related potential (ERP) can also be measured. While most visual mismatch response studies have focused on adult populations, few studies have investigated this response in healthy children, and little is known about the developmental nature of this phenomenon. We recorded EEG data in 22 healthy children (ages 8-12) and 20 healthy adults (ages 18-42). Participants were presented with two types of task irrelevant background images of black and gray gratings while performing a visual target detection task. Spatial frequency of the background gratings was varied with 85% of the gratings being of high spatial frequency (i.e. standard background stimulus) and 15% of the images being of low spatial frequency (i.e. deviant background stimulus). Results in the adult group showed a robust mismatch response to deviant (nontarget) background stimuli at around 150ms post-stimulus at occipital electrode locations. In the children, two negativities around 150ms and 230ms post-stimulus at occipital electrode locations and a positivity around 250ms poststimulus at frontocentral electrode locations were observed. In addition, larger amplitudes of P1 and longer latencies of P1 and N1 to deviant background stimuli were observed in children versus adults. These results suggest that processing of deviant stimuli presented outside the focus of attention in 8-12-year-old children differs from those in adults, and are in agreement with previous research. They also suggest that the visual mismatch response may change across the lifespan in accordance with other components of the visual ERP.
Isolation and Characterization of a Near-Haploid Human Cell Line

Abstract Mammalian somatic cells are usually diploid. Occasional rare human tumors have been shown to have a hypodiploid karyotype. We have isolated a near-haploid subclone (P1-55) from a heterogeneous human leukemia cell line, KBM-7. These near-haploid cells have approximately half the human diploid DNA content and have a haploid karyotype except for a disomy of chromosome 8 (25, XY, +8, Ph+). This cell line maintains a majority of cells with a near-haploid karyotype for at least 12 weeks in culture. By serial subcloning, we have isolated near-haploid subclones that maintain ploidy for at least 8 months in culture. Near-haploid cells can also be efficiently isolated from mixed ploidy cultures by size selection. The availability of this human near-haploid cell line should facilitate the genetic analysis of cultured human cells.
Orthonormalization Learning Algorithms

Orthonormalization is an essential stabilizing task in many signal processing algorithms and can be accomplished using the Gram-Schmidt process. In this paper, dynamical systems for orthonormalization are proposed. These systems converge to the desired limits without computing matrix square root. Stability and domain of attractions are established via Lyapunov stability theory. Applications of the proposed methods to principal sub space /component analysis are given.
Significance of prostatic biopsies after radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate

The significance of a prostatic biopsy after radiation therapy for prostatic cancer is at present uncertain. Criteria for interpreting residual tumor cells as viable and, more important, determining whether such cells are biologically capable of local growth and/or subsequent dissemination, by histological evaluation, require further clinical correlation and studies designed to better characterize biological behavior and growth potential of neoplastic cells in general and how this may or may not be altered by irradiation. A positive biopsy after radiation therapy must be regarded, however, as ominous simply because its potential significance is yet to be determined. Prostatic biopsies may predict treatment failure in general, but their significance relative to an individual patient requires correlation with 1) tumor stage, grade, size, and site of the original tumor; 2) technique of biopsy, number of cores obtained, and the location relative to the original tumor; 3) time interval of biopsy after treatment and whether biopsy is performed on one or more occasions; 4) circumstances (clinical progression or clinical regression) at the time of biopsy; and 5) treatment artifacts regarding dose delivered and distribution, which is especially important with regard to interstitial irradiation.
A Memory Efficient Method for Structure-Based RNA Multiple Alignment

>Structure-based RNA multiple alignment is particularly challenging because covarying mutations make sequence information alone insufficient. Existing tools for RNA multiple alignment first generate pairwise RNA structure alignments and then build the multiple alignment using only sequence information. Here we present PMFastR, an algorithm which iteratively uses a sequence-structure alignment procedure to build a structure-based RNA multiple alignment from one sequence with known structure and a database of sequences from the same family. PMFastR also has low memory consumption allowing for the alignment of large sequences such as 16S and 23S rRNA. The algorithm also provides a method to utilize a multicore environment. We present results on benchmark data sets from BRAliBase, which shows PMFastR performs comparably to other state-of-the-art programs. Finally, we regenerate 607 Rfam seed alignments and show that our automated process creates multiple alignments similar to the manually curated Rfam seed alignments. Thus, the techniques presented in this paper allow for the generation of multiple alignments using sequence-structure guidance, while limiting memory consumption. As a result, multiple alignments of long RNA sequences, such as 16S and 23S rRNAs, can easily be generated locally on a personal computer. The software and supplementary data are available at http://genome.ucf.edu/PMFastR.
A Framework for Recognizing the Simultaneous Aspects of American Sign Language

The major challenge that faces American Sign Language (ASL) recognition now is developing methods that will scale well with increasing vocabulary size. Unlike in spoken languages, phonemes can occur simultaneously in ASL. The number of possible combinations of phonemes is approximately 1.5×109, which cannot be tackled by conventional hidden Markov model-based methods. Gesture recognition, which is less constrained than ASL recognition, suffers from the same problem. In this paper we present a novel framework to ASL recognition that aspires to being a solution to the scalability problems. It is based on breaking down the signs into their phonemes and modeling them with parallel hidden Markov models. These model the simultaneous aspects of ASL independently. Thus, they can be trained independently, and do not require consideration of the different combinations at training time. We show in experiments with a 22-sign-vocabulary how to apply this framework in practice. We also show that parallel hidden Markov models outperform conventional hidden Markov models.
Dietary saturated fats and their food sources in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease in women

Background: Metabolic studies suggest that saturated fatty acids differ in their effects on blood lipids. Objective: The objective was to examine the associations between intakes of individual saturated fatty acids and their food sources in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Design: This was a prospective cohort study of 80082 women in the Nurses' Health Study aged 34-59 y. Subjects had no known cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes, and completed validated food-frequency questionnaires in 1980. Results: During 14 y of follow-up, we documented 939 incident cases of major CHD events. In multivariate analyses in which age, smoking, and other covariates were controlled for, intakes of short- to medium-chain saturated fatty acids (4:0-10:0) were not significantly associated with the risk of CHD. In contrast, intakes of longer-chain saturated fatty acids (12:0-18:0) were each separately associated with a small increase in risk. The multivariate RR for a 1% energy increase from stearic acid was 1.19 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.37). The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat was strongly and inversely associated with CHD risk (multivariate RR for a comparison of the highest with the lowest deciles: 0.58; 95% Cl: 0.41, 0.83; P for trend < 0.0001). Conversely, higher ratios of red meat to poultry and fish consumption and of high-fat to low-fat dairy consumption were associated with significantly greater risk. Conclusion: A distinction between stearic acid and other saturated fats does not appear to be important in dietary advice to reduce CHD risk, in part because of the high correlation between stearic acid and other saturated fatty acids in typical diets.
High-J assignments in the 10.5-μm SF 6 spectrum: identification of the levels pumped by CO 2 P(12) and P(22)

Quantum numbers (J values and octahedral symmetry types) of the SF6 transitions from the vibrational ground state to υ3 = 1 that fall near the CO2P(12) and P(22) laser lines have been assigned. The significance of these assignments for the results of self-induced transparency and photon-echo experiments is discussed briefly.
The Perl Commodity Grid Toolkit

The Computational Grid is the term applied to the infrastructure being constructed to coordinate the use of widely distributed computational resources for high end problem solving. Complex services are deployed to add functionality like authentication, remote access to resources, resource management, and directory services to the Grid. The development of the Grid has been focused on high-end computing, rather than user interface. Using these complex services provides challenges to users and developers of Grid software.
Water‐oil displacements from porous media utilizing transient adhesion‐tension alterations

The increases in oil recovery from unconsolidated sands effected by hexylamine injection during water displacement are the result of formation and propagation of large continuous oil masses under favorable wettability gradients. Oil-mass formation, and increased oil recovery, are not observed if the oil saturation in the medium undergoing transient adhesion-tension alterations is at its irreducible minimum value. Hence, early injection of amine favors increased oil recovery. Oil-mass formation, and increased oil recovery, are favored with more viscous oils, and the increase in oil recovery seems to be proportional to the square root of the oil-water viscosity ratio. Oil- mass formation appears to take place primarily during amine desorption, as the medium is returned from oil-wet to water- wet conditions. The importance of capillary forces in oil-mass formation and propagation is reflected to the increase in oil recovery with decreasing hydraulic permeability.
The Use of Autofluorescence in Detection of Oral Lesions

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for most cancers of the mouth, pharynx and larynx. Early detection is critical There is a need to develop noninvasive techniques to screen for oral cavity cancer and improve prognosis by early detection. Studies have demonstrated that changes in natural fluorescence reflect biochemical and morphological alterations to tissues that may serve as noninvasive indicators of high-risk lesions. A hand held device, called a VELscope, has been developed to allow direct visualization of tissue autoflorescence. Objectives: To evaluate whether VELscope (a handheld device that allows direct visualization of tissue autoflorescence) enhanced exam is superior to white light exam at discriminating premalignant and malignant disease from normal oral mucosa. To determine whether VELscope is useful in localizing premalignant or malignant lesions when the oral rinse molecular panel is positive, but no visible lesions are seen by white light exam. Methods: An ongoing clinical trial of high-risk patients and patients previously treated for HNSCC. An oral rinse for each subject was collected for salivary marker analysis. The oral cavity of each subject was examined using white light and VELscope. A biopsy was performed on lesions identified either by white light exam or VELscope exam. Results: Twenty patients have been accrued to this study. Biopsy was recommended in six patients. No premalignant or malignant lesions have been identified at this point in the study. Conclusion: More evidence is needed to determine whether VELscope enhances clinical examination and improves earlier detection of premalignant lesions. The Use of Autofluorescence in Detection of Oral Lesions
The Arab states broadcasting union

The following article is based on the author's travels and research in the Middle East. Dr. Boyd, who earned his Ph.D. at the University of Minnesota, is on the speech‐communication faculty at the University of Delaware.
In Situ High-Pressure NMR Studies of Co2(CO)6[P(p-CF3C6H4)3]2 in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Ligand Substitution, Hydrogenation, and Hydroformylation Reactions†

The dimeric cobalt complex Co 2 (CO) 6 [P(p-CF 3 C 6 H 4 ) 3 ] 2 (1) reacts reversibly with hydrogen to produce HCo(CO) 3 [P(p-CF 3 C 6 H 4 ) 3 ] (4). The carbonyl and the phosphine ligands of both 1 and 4 are very labile. Compound 1 reacts with CO to give Co 2 (CO) 7 [P(p-CF 3 C 6 H 4 ) 3 ] (2), and compound 4 reacts with CO and P(p-CF 3 C 6 H 4 ) 3 (L) to give HCo(CO) 4 (5) and HCo(CO) 2 [P(p-CF 3 C 6 H 4 ) 3 ] 2 (6), respectively. The 3 1 P NMR studies show that, in the presence of 1, the line width of the 3 1 P resonance of L is temperature dependent, and at constant temperature, its broadening is proportional to the square root of the concentration of 1. This broadening is attributed to its exchange reaction with the mononuclear cobalt radical (CO) 3 LCo.(3), which is generated by the homolysis of 1. Compound 1 catalyzes the hydroformylation of olefins in supercritical carbon dioxide. In contrast to the unsubstituted Co 2 (CO) 8 , the phosphine-modified catalyst system is stable under low CO pressures and the hydroformylation reactions can be carried out at low pressures. In situ monitoring of 3 1 P and 5 9 Co NMR spectra of the solution shows that the phosphine-containing hydrido cobalt complexes 4 and 6 are the only hydrido cobalt complexes present in detectable concentrations in 1-catalyzed hydroformylation reactions; nevertheless, the possibility that the observed activity for 1 comes primarily from the more active HCo(CO) 4 , present in concentrations below detectable limits, has not been rigorously excluded.
The 12th Man: Fan noise in the contemporary NFL

The study of sound is largely absent from scholarship on sport in general and sport fandom in particular. Sound, however, plays a crucial role in the cultivation, maintenance, and performance of sports fandom. Using Seattle’s 12th Man and the discourses surrounding it, this essay examines the relationship between sound, space, and fandom in the contemporary National Football League. We consider how fans’ sonic labor is constitutive of their place within a fan community; the relationship between sound and fandom’s spatial and affective dimensions; and how contemporary sport and media organizations capitalize on fans’ production of sound and the embodied experience and communal identity it fashions. By investigating the 12th Man’s sonic relations to fandom, space, games, and television, we demonstrate how the league has shifted from regulating fan noise as an interruption to cultivating it as a communicative resource that adds value to games.
Brief analysis on the situation and development of agricultural market information service in grassroot in Tangshan

This paper expounded the current situation and achievement of agricultural market information service in grass-root.Based on summarizing and evaluating the chief service styles,the author considered they had done deferent action as a bridge between producer and market,and put forward the countermeasure according to the exiting problems in demand and supply.
Breaking the Cycle: Cumulative Disadvantage in Literacy

This research used a mixed-methods framework to investigate cumulative disadvantage in literacy, specifically focusing on the differences between early struggling readers who recover and early struggling readers who continue struggling. Quantitative analysis used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999 (ECLS-K), whereas qualitative data came from in-depth interviews with 42 teachers. This research suggests three main findings about cumulative disadvantage in reading: (1) Cumulative disadvantage is not the only pathway available for students with early difficulties in reading; (2) recovery is based on alignment of child, home, and school factors; and (3) schools can act as a site of intervention to disrupt the cumulative disadvantage trajectory through the use of high-quality instruction and high-quality intervention.
American Derivative Securities

European option contracts specify an expiration date, and if the option is to be exercised, the exercise must occur on the expiration date. An option whose owner can choose to exercise at any time up to and including the expiration date, or to not exercise at all, is called American. Because of this early exercise feature, such an option is at least as valuable as its European counterpart. Sometimes the difference in value is negligible or even zero, and then American and European options are close or exact substitutes. We shall see in this chapter that the early exercise feature for a call on a stock paying no dividend is worthless; American and European calls have the same price. In other cases, most notably put options, the value of this early exercise feature, the so-called early exercise premium, can be substantial. An intermediate option between American and European is Bermudan, an option that permits early exercise but only on a contractually specified finite set of dates.
New asymptotic analysis method for phase field models in moving boundary problem with surface tension

In this paper, we give an asymptotic analysis of the phase field Allen-Cahn and Cahn-Hilliard models of free surfaces with surface tension. Unlike the traditional approach that approximates the solution by the so-called matched asymptotic expansion involving outer expansion, inner expansion and matching, our new approach utilizes a uniform double asymptotic expansion to expand the whole phase field function directly. Although the main result is not new, we would like to emphasize that we derive the result under a uniform double asymptotic expansion. Thus, in this paper the detailed structure of the phase field functions in the equilibrium state is obtained, and the consistency of the phase field models with the corresponding sharp interface models is discussed, including the free surface Allen-Cahn model, Cahn-Hilliard model, and the Allen-Cahn model with volume constraint. The explicit asymptotic expansion of the phase field function reveals rich details of its structures. Moreover, it nicely explains some unusual phenomena we observed in numerical experiments. The theory introduced in this paper can be applied to guide the future modeling and simulation of other moving boundary problems by phase field models.
Scattering from and transmission through a 2D chiral radome of arbitrary cross section

A simple moment method technique is used to solve the problem of electromagnetic scattering from, and transmission through a two dimensional chiral radome of arbitrary cross section. The radome is a cylindrical shell of arbitrary cross section and arbitrary thickness, with its axis coinciding with the z-axis. It is excited by either a plane wave (TM or TE) in the receiving case, and by an electric or magnetic line current inside the radome for the transmitting case. In solving the problem, the equivalence principle is used to replace the radome by four equivalent surface currents placed on the inner and outer surfaces of the radome. A pulse expansion, point matching technique is used in MOM. To validate the numerical results, they are compared with the exact (eigenfunction series) results for the circular cross section. A very good agreement is observed. As a second check on our results for arbitrary cross sections, we let the chirality admittance to be zero, and observed that the results reduce to the ordinary dielectric radome case.
What Is the Clinical Utility of Repeat SNP Array Testing in the Follow-up of Myeloid Neoplasms?: A Retrospective Analysis of 44 Patients With Serial SNP Arrays.

Objectives Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays have been shown to identify cytogenetic abnormalities in myeloid neoplasms that may be missed by metaphase cytogenetics alone at initial diagnosis. This study examines the utility of serial SNP arrays in follow-up testing of myeloid neoplasms. Methods We retrospectively reviewed results of SNP array testing in 44 patients with myeloid neoplasms and more than one SNP array study (n = 133 SNP arrays total; median, three per patient; range, two to eight per patient). Results Baseline abnormalities were identified by SNP array in 35 (79%) of 44 (79%) compared with 18 (50%) of 36 by metaphase karyotype. In follow-up studies, clonal evolution was found by both SNP array and karyotyping in seven (15.9%), by metaphase karyotyping alone in six (13.6%), and SNP arrays alone in two (4.5%). Overall survival was not significantly different between patients with or without clonal evolution detected by SNP array. Conclusions This study, the first systematic examination of serial SNP arrays in myeloid neoplasms, confirms the clinical utility of SNP arrays at initial diagnosis but shows that clonal evolution of the karyotype can be detected by metaphase cytogenetics alone in most patients. Follow-up SNP array testing is not required in routine clinical use in most cases.
Laser Induced Crystallization

Publisher Summary This chapter combines conventional studies of crystal growth occurring from saturated solutions with the formation of crystals induced by pulsed laser light. It introduces new studies on the formation of crystals in saturated solutions as a result of intense sound, or compression waves, generated in the solution by intense pulsed lasers. Many tiny crystals are created throughout the solution by the laser generated sound waves. Crystallization is the result of the ordered growth of a species into an extended structure. In solution, a high concentration of solute by itself is insufficient to cause crystallization. In order for a crystal to grow, a cluster must form and continue to grow in an ordered fashion to result in a crystal. Crystallization proceeds via two interconnected mechanisms: primary and secondary nucleation. In the case of primary nucleation, nucleation phenomena is divided into either spontaneous (homogenous) or induced (heterogeneous) nucleation. The effect of intense laser radiation on primary nucleation is discussed. Secondary nucleation represents the dominant mode of formation of crystals as a result of the presence of previously formed crystals.
Rediscovering Chinese History in Rare Books1

(1988). Rediscovering Chinese History in Rare Books. Chinese Historians: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 46-50.
The Yeast Genomes in Three Dimensions: Mechanisms and Functions.

The three-dimensional (3D) genome structure is highly ordered by a hierarchy of organizing events ranging from enhancer–promoter or gene–gene contacts to chromosomal territorial arrangement. It is becoming clear that the cohesin and condensin complexes are key molecular machines that organize the 3D genome structure. These complexes are highly conserved from simple systems, e.g., yeast cells, to the much more complex human system. Therefore, knowledge from the budding and fission yeast systems illuminates highly conserved molecular mechanisms of how cohesin and condensin establish the functional 3D genome structures. Here I discuss how these complexes are recruited across the yeast genomes, mediate distinct genome-organizing events such as gene contacts and topological domain formation, and participate in important nuclear activities including transcriptional regulation and chromosomal dynamics.
Linear and Logistic Regression

Linear regression is the most representative “machine learning” method to build models for value prediction and classification from training data. It offers a study in contrasts: Linear regression has a beautiful theoretical foundation yet, in practice, this algebraic formulation is generally discarded in favor of faster, more heuristic optimization. Linear regression models are, by definition, linear. This provides an opportunity to witness the limitations of such models, as well as develop clever techniques to generalize to other forms. Linear regression simultaneously encourages model building with hundreds of variables, and regularization techniques to ensure that most of them will get ignored.
Analytical considerations in trace metal isotope analysis using fast atom bombardment-induced ionization

Abstract Clinical studies of mineral absorption have been limited by a lack of convenient, sensitive and accurate techniques for the measurement of isotopic enrichment. A fast atom bombardment (FAB) ion gun can be used to generate metal ions in sufficient amounts for the mass spectral determination of both natural and enriched isotope ratios. The amount of sample required for these measurements is on the order of nanomoles of metal. FAB ionization has adequate precision for clinical measurements and has often been used. However, it has been observed that FAB ionization does not give a theoretical isotope ratio for either natural or enriched abundances. It is believed that most, if not all, of the observed deviation is due to fractionation in the ionization process. The work reported in this paper forms the basis of this conclusion. A brief study of metal monohydride formation is also included.
Maintenance of Certification Framing the Dialogue

Maintenance of certification (MOC) is a continuous learning and testing process that aims to ensure that physicians keep abreast of the latest medical knowledge, develop improved practice systems, and perhaps most importantly, show a commitment to lifelong learning through a series of varied
Volunteer and Staff Management

Electoral and advocacy campaigns, as well as voter engagement, depend on human capital, access to individuals who are willing to work or volunteer their time in order to support the political effort. This chapter breaks down various categories of staff and volunteer positions in political settings. The typical duties and time commitment of each are discussed, including tasks accomplished by electoral campaign workers, interns, nonprofit board members, and more. Strategies and processes for interviewing potential volunteers and staff members, assigning tasks, managing, and helping volunteers and staff advance in their careers are discussed in the pages that follow.
The Story of Welsh v. United States: Elliott Welsh's Two Religious Tests

Welsh v. United States (1970) presented the Supreme Court with the problem of whether conscientious objector status had to be extended to a person who rejected participation in war as a matter of conscience, but who was an avowed atheist. When it ruled in Welsh’s favor, the Court offered the fullest answer it has yet given to a central constitutional problem: the definition of the “religion” which is protected by the First Amendment. This article, based on extensive interviews with Elliott Welsh, tells his story for the first time. It also sheds light on the perennial problem of discerning the boundaries of the free exercise clause.
Peripheral Membrane Proteins Facilitate Nanoparticle Binding at Lipid Bilayer Interfaces

Molecular understanding of the impact of nanomaterials on cell membranes is critical for the prediction of effects that span environmental exposures to nanoenabled therapies. Experimental and computational studies employing phospholipid bilayers as model systems for membranes have yielded important insights but lack the biomolecular complexity of actual membranes. Here, we increase model membrane complexity by incorporating the peripheral membrane protein cytochrome c and studying the interactions of the resulting membrane systems with two types of anionic nanoparticles. Experimental and computational studies reveal that the extent of cytochrome c binding to supported lipid bilayers depends on anionic phospholipid number density and headgroup chemistry. Gold nanoparticles functionalized with short, anionic ligands or wrapped with an anionic polymer do not interact with silica-supported bilayers composed solely of phospholipids. Strikingly, when cytochrome c was bound to these bilayers, nanoparticles functionalized with short anionic ligands attached to model biomembranes in amounts proportional to the number of bound cytochrome c molecules. In contrast, anionic polymer-wrapped gold nanoparticles appeared to remove cytochrome c from supported lipid bilayers in a manner inversely proportional to the strength of cytochrome c binding to the bilayer; this reflects the removal of a weakly bound pool of cytochrome c, as suggested by molecular dynamics simulations. These results highlight the importance of the surface chemistry of both the nanoparticle and the membrane in predicting nano-bio interactions.
Abstract 27: Risk Factors Associated With Post-Stroke Readmissions for Depression and Suicide Attempt in a Nationally Representative Dataset

Introduction: Post-stroke depression (PSD) occurs in approximately one third of stroke patients. Existing literature has elucidated pathophysiology, risk factors, impact, and treatment for PSD. How...
Biobased Plasticizers from Glycerol/Adipic Acid Hyperbranched Poly(ester)s

A family of nonphthalate plasticizers derived from well-defined glycerol/adipic acid hyperbranched poly(ester)s has been prepared. Glycerol and adipic acid are both renewable biomaterials of low to...
Parkinson Disease Epidemiology, Pathology, Genetics, and Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease is a complex, age-related, neurodegenerative disease associated with dopamine deficiency and both motor and nonmotor deficits. Many environmental and genetic factors influence Parkinson disease risk, with different factors predominating in different patients. These factors converge on specific pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, protein aggregation, impaired autophagy, and neuroinflammation. Ultimately, treatment of Parkinson disease may focus on targeted therapies for pathophysiologically defined subtypes of Parkinson disease patients.
Mathematics of Interplanetary Flight

Chapter 6 is a discussion of the complex aspects of the design of the trajectory of a spacecraft and the maneuvers that direct it to its target. Applying Newton’s analysis and using the NEAR-Shoemaker, the Voyagers, and Cassini missions as contexts, the chapter studies the essentials of gravitational spheres of influence, transfer orbits, orbit insertion, hyperbolic gravity assist flybys, and the ephemerides of trajectories. The study of hyperbolic trajectories and the motion of spacecraft along them is analogous to their motion along elliptical orbits, except that in terms of the calculus involved, hyperbolic functions and the hyperbolic Kepler equation take the place of trigonometric functions and the elliptical Kepler equation.
A comparison of the Almgren-Pitts and the Allen-Cahn min-max theory

Min-max theory for the Allen-Cahn equation was developed by Guaraco and Gaspar-Guaraco. They showed that the Allen-Cahn widths are greater than or equal to the Almgren-Pitts widths. In this article we will prove that the reverse inequalities also hold i.e. the Allen-Cahn widths are less than or equal to the Almgren-Pitts widths. Hence, the Almgren-Pitts widths and the Allen-Cahn widths coincide. We will also show that all the closed minimal hypersurfaces (with optimal regularity) which are obtained from the Allen-Cahn min-max theory are also produced by the Almgren-Pitts min-max theory. As a consequence, we will point out that the index upper bound in the Almgren-Pitts setting, proved by Marques-Neves and Li, can also be obtained from the index upper bound in the Allen-Cahn setting, proved by Gaspar and Hiesmayr.