cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Web apps in the computer science curriculum: a guide using Heroku, Java servlets, and Postgres

The development of web applications (web apps) is an excellent capstone experience to include in the Computer Science curriculum. In developing web apps, students have the opportunity to integrate several skills sets into a single project of significant scope. Such a project can also be an excellent means by which to allow students the opportunity to work together in teams, and to put into practice the concepts of a software engineering course. This paper serves as an introduction to Heroku, Java servlets, and Postgres for the instructor who would like to integrate web applications into the Computer Science curriculum.
A SANE Approach to Outcome Collection? Comparing the Performance of Single- Versus Multiple-Question Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Total Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Several patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) exist to measure outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) but can be limited by patient-perceived burden and completion rates. We analyzed whether the modified single assessment numerical evaluation (M-SANE), a one-question PROM, would perform similarly to multiple-question PROMs among patients undergoing primary THA. Methods Patients undergoing THA completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-10 (PROMIS-10), the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score Junior (HOOS-Jr), and M-SANE questionnaires both preoperatively and postoperatively. The M-SANE assessment asked patients to assess their hip on a scale from 0 to 10, with 10 being the best possible score. Validity of M-SANE compared with other PROMs was determined by Spearman’s correlation and floor and ceiling effects. Responsiveness was analyzed using standardized response mean (SRM). Results One hundred and thirty six patients with at least 1-year follow-up were reviewed. The average M-SANE score improved from 3.3 preoperatively to 7.1 at one year postoperatively. There was moderate to strong correlation at one-year follow-up between the M-SANE and HOOS-Jr (ρ = 0.75, P Conclusion The M-SANE has performed similarly across multiple psychometric properties compared with more burdensome PROMs in assessing longitudinal patient-reported outcomes after THA.
Vaccines in Pregnancy

The subject of vaccines in pregnancy can be a cause for concern in both the pregnant patient and the obstetrical provider. Just as with medications, or any other intervention in pregnancy, risks and benefits should be weighed. In recent years, even the CDC has changed vaccine recommendations in pregnancy. A categorized table summarizing these recommendations is present at the beginning of this chapter (Table 5.1). For screening for illness or history of vaccination of measles or varicella, please see Chap. 3.
Solitary subungual neurofibroma with glomus tumor-like appearance: a case report.

We present a case of subungual neurofibroma which clinically presented a glomus tumor-like appearance. Six months after surgical resection, no clinical recurrence or pain was reported. We herein re...
Themes in experiences of PTSD symptoms and relationships among male veterans with risky sexual behavior.

OBJECTIVE United States veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are at elevated risk for high-risk sexual behavior (HRSB). Although quantitative research has examined relationships between PTSD symptoms and HRSB, qualitative research to understand the lived experiences of veterans with PTSD symptoms and HRSB has not been conducted. METHOD Qualitative interviews were conducted with N = 29 male veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom who had PTSD symptoms and reported recent HRSB. The interviews were analyzed using a phenomenological framework. RESULTS Six themes emerged: (a) avoiding social contact due to feeling different since return from service; (b) effortful self-management; (c) supportive relationships; (d) sex as a means to an end; (e) sex, risk, and intimacy; and (f) responsibility and growth. CONCLUSION Male veterans with PTSD symptoms and HRSB reported engagement in significant self-management to reengage in life, and still reported high levels of difficulty in relationships. They described both wanting to avoid perceived risk associated with intimate relationships and wanting to take risks that caused them to feel alive. Implications for treatment include increased efforts to facilitate coping, to recognize and moderate risk-taking urges, and to build intimacy and trust. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Design of a chimeric antigen containing multiple immunodominant epitopes and its use in detection of IgM antibodies against Rubella virus

A chimeric antigen designated B103 containing six immunodominant regions derived from three structural proteins of Rubella virus (RV) was designed and its utility in serological diagnosis was assessed. Protein B103 is comprised of aa 1-30 & aa 96-123 of C protein, aa 31-105 of E2 protein, as well as aa 11-39, aa 154-277 & aa 389-412 of E1 protein. In addition, it contains thioredoxin (TRX) at the N-terminal and His tag at the C-terminal. B103 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and purified by Streamline Chelating affinity and DEAE anion exchange chromatography. Based on the antigenicity of B103 as verified by Western blotting analysis, we constructed and evaluated a novel capture ELISA for RV-IgM detection. B103 was expressed in a soluble form, accounting for 18.57% of the total bacterial proteins. After purification, the concentration and purity of protein B103 were 3.026 mg/mL and 95.35%, respectively. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that protein B103 could react with acute-phase serum of RV. By ELISA, 40 negative sera and 40 RV-acute phase sera were detected. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and coincidence rate of the ELISA were 92.50%, 95.00%, 94.87%, 92.68% and 93.75%, respectively. The McNemer analysis suggested that there was no statistical difference between the 'Gold standard' and the novel ELISA with a kappa coefficient of 0.900, indicating excellent consistency. B103 chimeric protein with excellent antigenicity obtained from prokaryotic expression followed by chromatography purification could prove useful for early diagnosis of RV infection.
Organization and Correspondence of the Auditory Cortex of Humans and Nonhuman Primates

The identification of areas that contribute to auditory processing in the human cerebral cortex has been the subject of sporadic investigation for more than one century. Although several models of the human auditory cortex have been advanced, none have been widely accepted, and classical descriptions remain influential. In the last 50 years, studies of non-human primates and other mammalian species have been emphasized. From these studies, common features of organization have begun to emerge. Of particular interest are comparative anatomical studies of monkeys, apes, and humans in which corresponding regions of auditory cortex have been identified. To some extent, these findings have been validated by functional imaging experiments. While it is not expected that the organization of auditory cortex will be identical across taxa, it appears that homologous areas have been retained, with the possibility that additional areas characterize the auditory cortex of apes and humans. The differences in auditory cortex organization are expected to contribute to the well-known differences in the perception and production of speech and music among primates, and may also reveal clues about the evolution of these abilities.
Utilization of Asynchronous and Synchronous Teledermatology in a Large Health Care System During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Teledermatology offers an opportunity to continually deliver care during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Objective: To provide quantitative data about the use of teledermatology. Methods: Retrospective analysis of teledermatology consultations was performed from March 16 to May 1, 2020. The number/type of encounters, differences in diagnoses, and prescriptions between asynchronous and synchronous teledermatology visits were analyzed. Results: A total of 951 visits (36.2%) were asynchronous whereas 1,672 visits (63.8%) were synchronous. Only 131 (<5%) visits required an acute in-person follow-up. The diagnosis of acne was more frequent with asynchronous visits (p < 0.002, Bonferroni corrected). Antibiotics and nonretinoid acne medications were prescribed more with asynchronous visits, whereas immunomodulators and biologics were more commonly prescribed with synchronous visits (p < 0.02, Bonferroni corrected). Providers at our institution were split on preferred mode (54.2% synchronous, 45.8% asynchronous); however, synchronous visits were preferred for complex medical dermatology patients and return patients (p < 0.05). Limitations: This study is limited by being a single-center study. Conclusions: Asynchronous teledermatology was used more for acne management, whereas synchronous teledermatology was preferable to providers for complex medical dermatology. Postanalysis of the data collected led us to institute a hybridization of our asynchronous and synchronous teledermatology.
Evaluation of energy performance of dynamic overhang systems for US residential buildings

Abstract A novel dynamic overhang system is evaluated in this paper when applied to control solar heat gains through windows of US residential buildings. In particular, the energy performance of the dynamic overhangs is compared to static systems using various operation scenarios. The main objective for the control strategies evaluated in the analysis is to minimize annual heating and cooling energy consumption when dynamic instead of static overhangs are applied to US residential buildings. The operation of the dynamic overhangs is adjusted to account for the range of positions allowed as well as the setting frequencies. In particular, the dynamic overhangs can be set on hourly, daily, and monthly basis depending on the window orientation and the time of the year. The analysis has indicated that the performance of the dynamic overhangs depend on their design specifications as well as on the window glazing type. However, the energy saving potential for the dynamic overhangs compared to static devices depend largely on the window size and the climate with significant reduction in cooling energy use achieved in hot and mild US climatic zones. Indeed, the dynamic overhangs can save over 45% of the air conditioning needs for US homes with window-to-wall ratio of 30% located in Phoenix, AZ, and San Francisco, CA, when automatically operated on hourly basis.
Impact of heart transplant allocation change on competing waitlist outcomes among listing strategies.

In 2018, the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) adopted a 6-tier system for heart allocation which shifted patterns in listing strategies. The effects of the change on waitlist survival and transplantation rates have yet to be substantiated by analysis of competing outcomes among various listing strategies. This study included all adult patients listed for first-time heart transplantation in UNOS between 10/17/15 and 6/12/20. Clinical characteristics were compared before and after allocation change among various listing strategies: no support, inotropes, intra-aortic balloon pump, durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD), temporary VAD, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Fine-Gray proportional subhazard models were used to estimate the effect of allocation change on competing waitlist outcomes-transplantation, death, or removal from waitlist-among each strategy. During the study period, there were 17 422 patients listed for heart transplantation. Among each listing strategy, clinical characteristics were similar before and after allocation change. Subhazard models demonstrated reduced risk for waitlist mortality (p < .001) among each strategy except temporary VAD and increased transplantation rates (p < .001) among each strategy except for durable LVAD. These results validate the association of the new allocation system on waitlist outcomes across listing strategies.
Influence of dissipation and effective interaction on the dense plasma dynamic structure factor.

The ionic dynamic structure factor is examined to assess the relative roles of dissipation and the effective ionic interaction. Two disparate physically based models of dissipation, which can differ numerically by orders of magnitude, are used in molecular dynamics. We find a negligible impact on the amplitudes of the dynamic structure factors for physically realistic parameter values. We then examine the effective ionic interaction by varying its strength, the size of the atomic core (through a pseudopotential), and the screening model. We find that ``diffusive'' peaks in the dynamic structure factor are very sensitive to the form of the ionic interaction, and this sensitivity arises primarily from atomic physics through the pseudopotential. This suggests that it would be useful to employ the measured zero-frequency dynamic structure factor ${S}_{ii}(k,0)$ as a constraint on the effective interaction, which in turn can be used to compute physical properties.
GPER-dependent estrogen signaling increases cardiac GCN5L1 expression and MCAD activity

Reversible lysine acetylation regulates the activity of cardiac metabolic enzymes, including those controlling fuel substrate metabolism. Mitochondrial-targeted GCN5L1 and SIRT3 have been shown to regulate the acetylation status of mitochondrial enzymes, which results in alterations to the relative oxidation rates of fatty acids, glucose, and other fuels for contractile activity. However, the role that lysine acetylation plays in driving metabolic differences between male and female hearts is not currently known. In this study, we report that estrogens induce the expression of GCN5L1 via GPER agonism in cardiac cells, which increases the enzymatic activity and acetylation status of the fatty acid oxidation enzyme medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD).
Child Nurturance: An Agenda for the 1980s

The initial chapter of this book sets a tone that runs through all of the following chapters. This chapter adapted from Edward Zigler’s keynote address at the Michigan State University IYC Conference spoke of “gaps”—gaps between rhetoric and reality when it comes to child nurturance in America. On the one hand, America professes to be a child oriented and caring society; on the other hand, the evidence reflected by the various social indicators mentioned by Zigler and others clearly conveys a contradictory message. This concluding chapter focuses further on these “gaps” and suggests what can be done if we are going to live up to our professed societal goals for our nation’s children.
Enzymes That Hydrolyze Fungal Cell Wall Polysaccharides II. PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF MYCODEXTRANASE, AN ENDO-α-d-(1 → 4) GLUCANASE FROM PENICILLIUM MELINII

Abstract A specific fungal α-(1 → 4)-glucanase, mycodextranase, useful for the large scale production of nigerose, has been purified to homogeneity in high yield from the culture filtrate of Penicillium melinii QM 1931. It has been resolved into fast and slow forms; designations based on their differing electrophoretic mobilities at pH 4.5. The fast form constitutes about 85% of the protein and enzymatic activity. Both forms hydrolyze the glucan nigeran (mycodextran) and certain oligosaccharides of nigeran yielding nigerose and the tetrasaccharide, O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-d-glucose, as sole end products. Glucose is not produced. Sedimentation equilibrium studies indicate that fast and slow enzymes both have molecular weights of 40,000 ± 2,000 daltons. They have similar but not identical amino acid compositions both being rich in serine, threonine, glutamic and aspartic acids, but have a low content of cysteine and tryptophan. Both mycodextranases contain associated carbohydrate. The ultraviolet absorption spectra, urea sensitivities, and pH activity profiles for both forms are practically identical. In addition both forms display maximum catalytic activities at 70° and are fully active in 40% dimethyl sulfoxide. Of a number of general enzyme inhibitors tested, only Ag+, Hg+, N-chlorosuccinimide, and N-bromosuccinimide inactivated the fast enzyme. Some aspects of the action pattern and mechanism of the fast form have been examined in detail. It operates via an endo-multichain mechanism; both end products are formed at a constant rate during hydrolysis but nigerose does not arise from tetrasaccharide. Competitive inhibition studies show that the fast enzyme preferentially binds oligosaccharides with alternating α-(1 → 3)- and α-(1 → 4)-glucosidic linkages, and experiments with certain oligosaccharides of nigeran give results consistent with a model in which the substrate-binding site holds 8 glucopyranose units with a catalytic site located midway in this site. The enzyme has been used to study the fine structure of nigeran and the general structure of isolichenin. In the former case this has been done by identifying and quantitating the linkages present at its reducing and nonreducing termini. The data obtained are used to postulate a general mechanism for the biosynthesis of nigeran.
A throughput-agnostic 11.9–13.6GOPS/mW multi-signal classification SoC for cognitive radios in 40nm CMOS

A blind classification SoC for cognitive radios, featuring multi-signal channelization, 16-core dynamic parallelism-frequency scaling and GALS-based multithreading, is realized in 40nm CMOS. Targeting ≥95% detection probability and 2.7× less efficiency variation, 1.2× baseband area and up to 4× processing time reduction compared to prior work. Throughput-matched scheduling of spatial resources enables operation at peak energy efficiency without the need for any voltage adjustment.
Reduction of Impulse-Response Data on Rigid Pavement: Comparison of Single Degree of Freedom, Cone, and Lumped Parameter Dynamic Models

AbstractThe Impulse Response (IR) method is a nondestructive method that has been successfully used to detect voids or loss of support underneath rigid pavement and to evaluate the pavement subgrade. Voids or loss of support can be detected due to changes in the pavement’s mobility spectra, while the subgrade is evaluated based on the static stiffness. The fundamental assumption of the IR method is that the response of rigid pavements can be represented by a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system, with the controlling stiffness being that of the subgrade. Although simple to analyze, this oversimplification of a complex dynamic problem introduces deficiencies that are primarily attributed to a deviation of the shape of the impedance function for rigid pavement systems from that of an SDOF system for frequencies beyond the fundamental frequency. Other dynamic models [i.e., cone and lumped parameter (LP)] are investigated as alternatives to the SDOF model and are implemented in the reduction of field data co...
A Consistent Model of the Accretion Shock Region in Classical T Tauri Stars

We develop a consistent model of the accretion shock region in Classical T Tauri Stars (CTTSs). The initial conditions of the post-shock flow are determined by the irradiated shock precursor and the ionization state is calculated without assuming ionization equilibrium. Comparison with observations of the C IV resonance lines (λλ 1550 A) for CTTSs indicate that the post-shock emission predicted by the model is too large, for a reasonable range of parameters. If the model is to reproduce the observations, C IV emission from CTTSs has to be dominated by pre-shock emission, for stars with moderate to large accretion rates. For stars with low accretion rates, the observations suggest a comparable contribution between the pre- and post-shock regions. These conclusions are consistent with previous results indicating that the post-shock will be buried under the stellar photosphere for moderate to large accretion rates.
ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF INTACT MITOCHONDRIA FROM SPHEROPLASTS OF YEAST

Abstract Duell, E. A. (Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio), Sakae Inoue, and Merton F. Utter. Isolation and properties of intact mitochondria from spheroplasts of yeast. J. Bacteriol. 88:1762–1773. 1964.—Functionally intact mitochondria can be obtained in good yields by osmotic disruption of spheroplasts formed from yeast by treatment with an enzyme mixture from the snail digestive tract. The useful range of this method is extended greatly by pretreatment of the yeast cells with 2-mercaptoethylamine and ethylene-diaminetetraacetate. The concentration of the yeast suspension can be increased greatly, the incubation period can be shortened considerably, and the requirement for log-phase cells is obviated. Mitochondria prepared by this method have been compared with those obtained by mechanical disruption in terms of respiratory control, specific activity on a wide range of oxidizable substrates, heterogeneity during centrifugation, and structures observed by electron microscopy. In all cases, the mitochondria obtained from spheroplasts appear to be much less damaged by the preparative procedures.
Design, simulation and performance analysis of a 40 Gbps transimpedance amplifier for optical fiber links

This paper presents the design of a 40 Gbps BiCMOS transimpedance amplifier for use as the front-end preamplifier stage of an optical communication receiver system. The design is modeled using Pspice. Stability is achieved using a shunt-shunt feedback circuit. This feedback circuit is also used to improve the bandwidth of the amplifier. A shunt inductor peaking technique is used to further extend the bandwidth. Analytical expressions were developed for the transfer functions of the input stage, output stage and the overall amplifier. Frequency response curves were obtained for each stage using MATLAB. The performance of the designed amplifier was analyzed and evaluated with respect to gain, bandwidth and noise using developed analytical models and Pspice simulation results. This amplifier is stable, provides good gain and should be suitable for OC-768 SONET applications.
The strain amplitude-controlled cyclic fatigue, defomation and fracture behavior of 7034 aluminum alloy reinforced with silicon carbide particulates

Abstract In this paper, the cyclic stress response and stress versus strain response characteristics, cyclic strain resistance and low-cycle fatigue life, and mechanisms governing the deformation and fracture behavior of aluminum alloy 7034 discontinuously reinforced with silicon carbide particulates are presented and discussed. Specimens of the metal–matrix composite were cyclically deformed, using fully-reversed tension–compression loading under total strain amplitude control, at both ambient and elevated temperatures for the under aged and peak aged microstructural conditions. Under fully-reversed total strain amplitude control cycling, specimens of the composite exhibited combinations of cyclic hardening and cyclic softening to failure. The cyclic stress response and stress versus strain response characteristics, cyclic strain resistance, low-cycle fatigue (LCF) life, and final fracture behavior of the composite, for both the under aged and peak aged microstructures, at the two temperatures, are compared and observed differences rationalized in light of the mutually interactive influences of cyclic strain amplitude and concomitant response stress, intrinsic composite microstructural effects, deformation characteristics of the composite constituents, and macroscopic aspects of fracture.
The Cells of Human Colostrum. I. In Vitro Studies of Morphology and Functions

Extract: The morphology and certain functions of human colostral cells were studied in vitro. Colostrum from 60 human females contained neutrophils, small lymphocytes, macrophages and occasional epithelial cells. The median concentration of neutrophils in colostrum from breast-feeding mothers was 150/mm3 as compared to 7000/mm3 in colostrum from those who did not breast feed. The median concentration of lymphocytes in human colostrum was 205/mm3. Eighty to ninety percent of colostral lymphocytes in culture underwent blastoid transformation after exposure to phytohemagglutinin. Ten to twenty-five percent of cultured lymphocytes were transformed after the addition of specific antigens to the cultures. The synthesis of DNA by blast forms was demonstrated by radioautographic studies with H3-thymidine. The median concentration of macrophages in colostrum was 2100/mm3. Colostral corpuscles (corpuscles of DONNE) were classed with these cells since they displayed identical features. These included glass-adhesive properties, ameboid activity, phagocytosis and presence of abundant lysosomes. Two types of lymphocyte-macrophage interactions were found in fresh and cultured colostrum. These findings suggested that the interactions occurred in vivo as well as in vitro. Speculation: These observations indicate that immunologically active cells are normal constituents of human colostrum. The possibility is advanced that these cells may influence the host response of the neonatal recipient.
Grice and MacKay on Meaning

'U meant something by x' is true iff, for some audience A, U uttered x intending thereby: (i) that A should produce response r (U's prinmary intention) (2) that A should think that U intended (i) (U's overtness intention) (3) that A should think that U intended (2) (4) that A's production of r should be based (at least in part) on A's thought that U intended that (i) (that is, on A's fulfillment of (2)) (U's instrumental intention) (5) that A should think that U intended (4). (p. 57)
4‐1‐1: For locating documents on hard disk

The 4‐1‐1 software package provides directory assistance by helping users to find specific documents stored on a hard disk. The package indexes and files documents, protects confidential information, and copies selected documents for archival purposes. Users who work with many word‐processing documents will find 4‐1‐1 a great aid. It is an easy‐to‐use package that provides all the directory assistance needed to access documents stored on a hard disk.
Quantitative Measurement of Fusion of HIV-1 and SIV with Cultured Cells Using Photosensitized Labeling

The fusion of HIV and SIV with biological membranes was studied by photosensitized activation of a hydrophobic probe, [125I]iodonaphthylazide ([125I]INA), by a fluorescent lipid which is situated in the target membrane. Photosensitized labeling of viral envelope-resident proteins occurs only upon their insertion into target membranes. Photosensitized labeling as a result of HIV-1 Env-mediated cell fusion showed the same kinetics as aqueous dye transfer. We have for the first time measured kinetics of HIV and SIV virus-cell fusion. HIV-1MN virions were about 10× less fusion active than SIVmne virions. SIV inactivated by aldrithiol-2 retained fusion activity similar to that seen with untreated virus. The relatively slow time course of SIV-cell fusion (t1/2 = 19 min) indicates that the fusion events are stochastic. This feature provides a basis for understanding the mode of action of HIV/SIV entry inhibitors that target transition states.
Discourses of change: policing, sexuality, and organizational culture

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need to expand current organizational studies to include positive experiences of non‐heterosexual workers while identifying, often covert, heteronormative workplace practices. Included in this is a reflexive analysis of author positionality.Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative study utilizing participant observation, narrative interviews, and autoethnography are employed to begin understanding lesbian work experiences.Findings – Three dominant strategies are used by participants to understand variant sexuality: strategies of discourse, strategies of resistance, and strategies of identity formation. Findings indicate that as awareness about lesbian identities increased so did understandings of difference and, in turn, resistance to heteronormative power structures increased.Research limitations/implications – Future research could include other sexually stigmatized groups.Originality/value – The contributions of this paper include broader under...
ErbB2 Stabilizes Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Expression via Erk and Sprouty2 in Extracellular Matrix-detached Cells

Epithelial cells are dependent on extracellular matrix (ECM) attachment for maintenance of metabolic activity and suppression of apoptosis. Here we show that loss of ECM attachment causes down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and β1 integrin protein and mRNA expression and that ErbB2, which is amplified in 25% of breast tumors, reverses these effects of ECM deprivation. ErbB2 rescue of β1 integrin mRNA and protein in suspended cells is dependent on EGFR, however, the rescue of EGFR expression does not require β1 integrin. We show that there is a significant decrease in the stability of EGFR in ECM-detached cells that is reversed by ErbB2 overexpression. Rescue of both EGFR and β1 integrin protein by ErbB2 is dependent on Erk activity and induction of its downstream target Sprouty2, a protein known to regulate EGFR protein stability. Interestingly, expression of EGFR and β1 integrin protein is more dependent on Erk/Sprouty2 in ECM-detached ErbB2-overexpressing cells when compared with ECM-attached cells. These results provide further insight into the ErbB2-driven anchorage independence of tumor cells and provide a new mechanism for regulation of EGFR and β1 integrin expression in ECM-detached cells.
Fully polarimetric W-band ISAR imagery of scale-model tactical targets using a 1.56-THz compact range

With the continuing interest in ATR, there is a need for high-resolution fully polarimetric data on tactical targets at all radar bands. Here we describe a newly developed system for acquiring W-band data with 1/16 scale models. The NGIC sponsored ERADS project capability for obtaining fully polarimetric ISAR imagery now extends from X to W band.
Analysis of Vegetation Effect on Waves Using a Vertical 2D RANS Model

ABSTRACT Wu, W.; Zhang, M.; Ozeren, Y., and Wren, D., 2013. Analysis of vegetation effect on waves using a vertical 2D RANS model. A vertical two-dimensional (2D) model has been applied in the simulation of wave propagation through vegetated waterbodies. The model is based on an existing model, SOLA-VOF, that solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the finite difference method on a staggered rectangular grid and uses the volume of fluid method to capture the free surface. The model is enhanced in this study by adding the drag and inertia forces in the momentum equations to account for the vegetation effects, implementing the subgrid-scale model for turbulence closure, and incorporating wave-maker, sponge layer, and bottom friction in boundary conditions. The model was first validated using measurement data collected from the literature and then applied to simulate wave propagation in flumes covered by rigid and flexible model and live vegetation. The considered live vegetation spe...
Costimulation Blockade of CD40 and CD28 Pathways in Limb Transplantation

Abstract Costimulation blockade remains a promising experimental regimen for the induction of transplantation tolerance. The simultaneous blockade of both the CD40 and CD28 pathways has been synergistic in prolonging organ allograft survival but has not previously been investigated in a model of limb allotransplantation. This study determined the efficacy of this combination in the murine limb allograft model. C57B1/6 (H-2K b ) female mice were recipients of heterotopic vascularized limb allografts from Balb/c (H-2K d ) male donors. Experimental groups received treatment with a short course of MR1 (hamster anti-mouse anti-CD40 ligand antibody) alone or in combination with CTLA4-Ig, a fusion protein that blocks the B7/CD28 pathway. Untreated recipients rejected limb allografts at a mean of 9.6 ± 1.1 (standard error of the mean) days postoperatively. Recipients of a prolonged course of MR1 rejected limb allografts at 75 ± 25 days. When both MR1 and CTLA4-Ig were used, limb allograft survival of >120 days was observed despite a much shorter course of therapy. Rejection in both treatment groups was consistent with a chronic antibody-mediated process. Donor antigen rechallenge in these recipients by in vitro assay and skin allograft demonstrated a hyperacute response consistent with presensitization. Long-term limb allograft survival is produced by the synergistic effect of blocking both the CD40 and CD28 costimulatory pathways. However, permanent acceptance was not achieved, and allografts eventually succumbed to what appeared to be antibody-mediated rejection. The additional use of newer agents that block more recently described costimulatory pathways may be essential for the induction of tolerance by costimulation blockade.
Adhesion-dependent control of cyclin E/cdk2 activity and cell cycle progression in normal cells but not in Ha-ras transformed NRK cells.

Abstract Loss of adhesion of NRK fibroblasts to an appropriate surface leads to cell cycle arrest in late G 1 and failure to produce cyclin A. Previously, we showed that adhesion-dependent expression of cyclin A is transcriptionally regulated. In an effort to identify elements of the adhesion-mediated signal transduction cascade upstream of cyclin A activation, we investigated the expression of cyclin E and its associated kinase activity in adherent and suspended NRK cells. Expression of cyclin E was found to be unaffected by suspension. However, cyclin E complexes immunoprecipitated from extracts prepared from NRK cells 12 h after release from G 0 arrest were found to be catalytically inactive in suspended but not in adherent cells. This suspension-induced inhibition of cyclin E-associated kinase activity was not observed in NRK cells transformed by a c- Ha-ras oncogene containing a G12V mutation. When G 0 -synchronized NRK cells were transfected with a cyclin A promoter:luciferase reporter construct along with expression vectors for either wild-type cdk2 or a dominant-negative cdk2 mutant, transcriptional activation of cyclin A was found to be dependent on catalytically active cdk2. Inhibition of cyclin E/cdk2 complexes has frequently been attributed to association of the cdk inhibitors p21 Cip1 and p27 Kip1 . However, no differences between adherent and suspended cells could be observed for either expression or cdk2 association of p21 Cip1 or p27 Kip1 , nor were any proteins specifically associated with cdk2 or cyclin E in immunoprecipitates from metabolically labeled cell extracts. These results define a pathway through which an adhesion-generated signal controls cyclin A expression by modulating cyclin E/cdk2 activity.
Medical Management of Motor Fluctuations

Given the magnitude of the problem of motor fluctuations in patients who have Parkinson's disease treated with levodopa, a significant effort has been expended by physicians, researchers, and pharmaceutical manufacturers over the years to find effective treatments. This article briefly reviews the medical options for managing motor fluctuations that are in common use in the United States or that are expected to be available soon.
Naloxone's suppression of spontaneous and food-conditioned locomotor activity is diminished in mice lacking either the dopamine D2 receptor or enkephalin

Mice lacking the D2 dopamine receptor (D2(-/-)) and congenic to the C57BL/6J background were tested for opioid-mediated locomotor activity to examine the involvement of the D2 dopamine receptor in opioid pharmacology. Morphine-stimulated locomotor activity did not significantly differ between the two genotypes. The opioid antagonist naloxone dose-dependently decreased spontaneous motor activity in wild-type mice but was without significant effect in D2(-/-) mice. The magnitude of food-conditioned increases in locomotor activity in wild-type mice and D2(-/-) mice was similar but naloxone did not decrease conditioned motor activity in D2(-/-) mice. Spontaneous locomotor activity of mice lacking the endogenous opioids beta-endorphin and/or enkephalin was also tested and we found that naloxone did not reduce activity in mice specifically lacking enkephalin. We suggest that the D2 dopamine receptor is necessary for modulation of spontaneous locomotor activity stimulated by the endogenous opioid enkephalin.
The effects of instability of the visual display on pattern discrimination learning by monkeys: dissociation produced after resections of frontal and inferotemporal cortex.

Abstract Rhesus monkeys with anterior frontal ( N =7), posterior parietal ( N =4), or inferotemporal ( N =4) lesions and normal controls ( N =3) were trained on visual discrimination problems under conditions in which the stimulus display either remained in the same place or shifted randomly over a wide range of positions from trial to trial. Naive monkeys with frontal lesions were significantly impaired in learning the discrimination problem under the condition of shifting spatial context; their impairment disappeared with sophistication, but they continued to find this condition more difficult than one in which the display remained stable. The performance of monkeys with inferotemporal lesions was markedly improved by the random-position display condition.
Insulin Action During Acute Starvation: Evidence for Selective Insulin Resistance in Normal Man

The effects of insulin on glucose utilization, lipolysis, and potassium and phosphate metabolism were studied during short-term fasting in six lean subjects using a sequential euglycemic glucose clamp technique (two additional subjects were used in 70 mU/m2/min clamp studies). The subjects were infused with insulin for four hours at four rates ranging from 6 to 442 mU/m2/min before and after a 48-hour fast. Insulin was infused for one hour at each rate in all experiments. Fasting markedly reduced glucose utilization at all insulin infusion rates. On the other hand, the decline in levels of free fatty acids that occurred at insulin concentrations of 30 microU/ml was virtually identical before and after fasting. After insulin was infused for four hours, serum phosphate had decreased in all subjects (P less than 0.001) and strongly correlated with glucose disposal rates (r = 0.76, P less than 0.005). The plasma potassium level also declined in all subjects but did not relate to fasting or glucose disposal. These studies demonstrate that starvation produces selective insulin resistance. The biologic effect of insulin on glucose utilization and plasma phosphate shifts is clearly diminished. Free fatty acid and potassium metabolism are unaffected by starvation.
Disease or deception: Munchausen by Proxy as a weapon of the weak

This paper aims to trouble certain assumptions about the clinical nature of Munchausen by Proxy (MBP), which has been described in the medical literature as a rare "culture bound syndrome" having surfaced at a particular moment, late modernity, and in a particular "place", Europe and North America and their extensions. At the heart of this disorder is a lie perpetrated by disturbed mothers who masquerade as the concerned and anxious caretakers of one or more long-suffering children who are plagued by fictive or maternally-incited illnesses and, in the worst instance, who are subjected to death by maternal design. MBP is positioned within a broader comparative context as an extreme pole along a continuum of (mal-) adaptive maternal behaviors in response to unrecognized and unmet needs, not all of which are pathological. Second, the locus of the pathology is expanded to include not only the disturbed and troubled mother-child dyad, but also the relationship between mother and her doctors and other caregivers and protectors. In these medicalized transactions - shot through with power, love, and pain - the child emerges as an almost incidental or "transitional object", a mere pretext that gives voice and substance to the adults' (mothers' and professionals') narcissistic needs. Finally, the social and moral uses of illness as drama, performance, and pageantry, and as a passively aggressive "weapon of the weak", are identified as a key structure of MBP disease. Based on decades of research on maternal thinking and practice (often under extreme conditions) the paper is an attempt to demonstrate what a "critically applied and cross-cultural medical anthropology" can add to the clinical picture and to a broader social understanding of this seemingly bizarre, rare, and contested syndrome.
Celtic literature and mythology reference sources: a general review

Purpose – This bibliography explores reference sources related to Celtic literature and mythology. Design/methodology/approach – This article provides an overview of and commentary on the available resources in the subjects of Celtic literature and mythology, focusing on those that are most valuable. Findings – Students, historians and genealogy researchers have all demonstrated a strong interest in the field of Celtic studies, especially the areas pertaining to Celtic literature and Celtic mythology. Surveying and providing access to resources on these topics is necessary to effective research in these subjects. Originality/value – Resources on Celtic studies are particularly useful for researchers – the sheer number of descendants of Celtic people currently in America ensures that this topic will continue to be relevant for those studying history and genealogy.
Polariton effects in transient grating experiments performed on anthracene single crystals

Abstract Excited state dynamics in anthracene crystals at low temperatures are studied with the transient grating technique. In contrast to work reported earlier, the excitation wavelength is in the vicinity of the polariton stop band, and there is a pronounced dependence of the time response on the wavelength. A qualitative discussion of the wavelength dependence of the grating transients is presented.
A mathematical programming model for global plant location problems: Analysis and insights

In this paper, we study the design of global facility networks. We present a mixed integer programming model that captures essential design trade-offs for such networks and explicitly incorporates government subsidies, trade tariffs and taxation issues. The resulting formulation can be solved for reasonable size problems with commercially available mathematical programming software. Focusing on special cases of the problem enables us to provide useful insights on preferable international facility networks for various environments. We demonstrate the pervasive, and often dominating, effects of subsidized financing, tariffs, regional trade rules and taxation in shaping the manufacturing and distribution network of global firms.
The role of nutraceuticals in the regulation of Wnt and Hedgehog signaling in cancer.

Multiple cellular signaling pathways have been involved in the processes of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Among many signaling pathways, Wnt and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways are critically involved in embryonic development, in the biology of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and in the acquisition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and thus this article will remain focused on Wnt and Hh signaling. Since CSCs and EMT are also known to be responsible for cancer cell invasion and metastasis, the Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways are also intimately associated with cancer invasion and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests the beneficial role of chemopreventive agents commonly known as nutraceutical in cancer. Among many such agents, soy isoflavones, curcumin, green tea polyphenols, 3,3′-diindolylmethane, resveratrol, lycopene, vitamin D, etc. have been found to prevent, reverse, or delay the carcinogenic process. Interestingly, these agents have also shown to prevent or delay the progression of cancer, which could in part be due to their ability to attack CSCs or EMT-type cells by attenuating the Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the current state of our knowledge on the role of Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways, and their targeted inactivation by chemopreventive agents (nutraceuticals) for the prevention of tumor progression and/or treatment of human malignancies.
A pacific equatorial temperature section from 172°E to 110°W during winter and spring 1979

Abstract A composite zonal-depth temperature section was occupied along the equator between 172°E and 110°W, nearly 8.6 × 103 km, by combining temperature profiles recorded at about 1- degree intervals on 28 February 1979 between 172°E and 158°W with profiles recorded at 1 4 - degree interval from 23 April to 2 May 1979 between 153°W and 110°W. Coincident with the zonal temperature section, which combined with salinity data produced dynamic height anomalies, were moored current measurements in the upper ocean at three equator sites (166°E, 152°W, and 110°W). The thickness of the mixed layer decreased from about 100 m near 180° to 10 m near 110°W. The depth of the thermocline was about 125 m near 180° and approximately 50 m east of 120°W. At 166°E the velocity core of the Cromwell Current was near the bottom of the thermocline; at 152°W and 110°W it was within the central region of the thermocline. East of about 140°W a 100-m-thick 13°C thermostad occurred below about 175 m. At 110°W the bulk Richardson number encompassing the 150- to 200-m interval was virtually always less than unity from 20 January to 2 May, suggesting that the thermostad was formed by shear-induced dynamic instabilities below the velocity core of the Cromwell Current. The surface dynamic height anomaly relative to 27 dbar tilted upward toward the west between 172°E and 120°W, with the maximum inclination from 153°W to 133°W. East of 120°W the zonal gradient of the 0/270 dbar steric sea level was indistinguishable from a horizontal surface. East of 132°W the directions of the 270/400 dbar pressure force and of the zonal wind field were both westward, indicating that the influence of the prevailing westward wind stress was confined to the region above the thermocline.
Radium isotopes in the Chesapeake Bay

228Ra and 226Ra are enriched in waters of Chesapeake Bay through fluxes from the bottom sediments and desorption from particles entering the estuary. The activity ratio of 228Ra: 226Ra increases from 1·5 in the Susquehanna River to 3–4 in waters of 15–20%. salinity. Apparently much of the 228Ra is supplied by diffusion from sediments within the Bay while desorption from particles entering the Bay is more important for 226Ra. Because of the multiple inputs and long residence time of water in the Bay, no curvature is obvious in a plot of radium isotope concentration vs. salinity.
Plastic bronchitis: an unusual bronchoscopic challenge associated with congenital heart disease repair

Plastic bronchitis is a rare disorder characterized by the formation of branching mucoid bronchial casts. Several pathophysiologic conditions are associated with development of these intrabronchial casts, including congenital heart defects. The management of plastic bronchitis presents an unusual and interesting bronchoscopic challenge. We describe a patient who underwent a Fontan procedure for correction of a congenital heart defect and subsequently developed respiratory distress secondary to plastic bronchitis on two occasions. In both cases, endoscopic intervention was required to remove these casts. A review of the literature, including the proposed etiologies, diagnosis, and current medical and surgical management, is also undertaken.