cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mübadillerin Kültürel Mirası

This volume, published by the Foundation of Lausanne Treaty Emigrants, describes the traditions, lifestyles and the language of the Vallahades, a term coined for Greek-speaking Muslims of Northern ...
Radiostratigraphy Reflects the Present-Day, Internal Ice Flow Field in the Ablation Zone of Western Greenland

Englacial radar reflectors in the ablation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet are derived from layering deposited in the accumulation zone over past millennia. The original layer structure is distorted by ice flow toward the margin. In a simplified case, shear and normal strain incurred between the ice divide and terminus should align depositional layers such that they closely approximate particle paths through the ablation zone where horizontal motion dominates. It is unclear, however, if this relationship holds in western Greenland where complex bed topography, three dimensional ice flow, and historical changes to ice sheet mass and geometry since layer deposition may promote a misalignment between present-day layer orientation and the modern ice flow field. We investigate this problem using a suite of analyses that leverage ice sheet models and observational datasets. Our findings suggest that across a study sector of western Greenland, the radiostratigraphy of the ablation zone is closely aligned with englacial particle paths, and is not far departed from a state of balance. The englacial radiostratigraphy thus provides insight into the modern, local, internal flow field, and may serve to further constrain ice sheet models that simulate ice dynamics in this region.
Assessment of the exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents in healthy Japanese smokers using a novel tobacco vapor product compared with conventional cigarettes and smoking abstinence.

Abstract The objectives of this clinical study were to demonstrate a reduction in exposure to selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs), and to assess product use behavior, in Japanese healthy adult smokers who switched to a novel tobacco vapor product (NTV). 60 smokers were randomly assigned for 5 days to either (a) a group who switched to an NTV (n = 20), (b) a group who continued to smoke their own brand of conventional cigarettes (CC, n = 20) or (c) a smoking abstinence group (SA, n = 20). Fifteen biomarkers of exposure (BoEs) to 14 HPHCs and pyrene were measured at baseline, day 3 and 5. Product use behavior was assessed by measuring product consumption, nicotine uptake and puffing topography. During investigations, increases were observed in product consumption and total puff volume in NTV group subjects as compared to baseline. Additionally, nicotine uptake in the NTV group was approximately half that observed in the CC group. BoE values were significantly reduced in the NTV group as compared to those in the CC group. Significantly, the magnitude of the reduction in exposure to HPHCs observed in the NTV group (49–94%) was close to that observed for the SA group (39–95%).
A Problem for Kant

Kant’s basic account of knowledge in the Critique of Pure Reason is well known. Objects, which exist in themselves in independence of their relations to our human sensibility, affect that sensibility in a quasi-causal manner. As a result of this affection, we acquire intuitions which represent these objects to us as single, individual entities. By means — and only by means — of our mental awareness of these intuitions, in conjunction with rule-governed synthetic activities that we carry out on the manifolds of the intuitions, do we come to know the objects in question. We know the objects simply in the forms that the intuitions represent them to us as having. But, Kant argues, these forms are necessarily spatiotemporal in character, and space and time are simply entities in the mind that structure objects as those objects are represented to us as being by our intuitions. Hence, according to Kant, objects, as they exist in themselves, are non-spatiotemporal. And when we come to know objects via our mental contemplation of our intuitions, we know these objects only as they appear to us (or are represented to us as being) by our intuitions and not as they are in themselves.
Designing Trustworthy Software Systems Using the NFR Approach

Trustworthy systems are essential for critical operations—they ensure that reliability, usability, interoperability, and security are built into the systems, and that the systems deliver when they are most needed. There are environments where trustworthiness is an essential property in military, government, and civil domains. Examples include missile deployment control systems, the tax submission system of the federal government, and nuclear safety control systems. However, not many methods exist for the systematic engineering of trustworthy software systems. In this chapter we describe the application of the NFR Approach for designing a trustworthy software system. The NFR Approach, where NFR stands for “non-functional requirement,” treats trustworthiness as a goal to be achieved during the process of software development. The NFR Approach uses a structure called the Softgoal Interdependency Graph to capture the trustworthiness definition, depict architectural elements as softgoals, and rationalize the extent of trustworthiness in the design. Advantages of this approach include the ability to nurture consensus among multiple definitions of trustworthiness, capture design rationale, evaluate qualitatively the extent of trustworthiness achieved, and maintain historical records of design decisions. We apply the NFR Approach to design a trustworthy Phoenix system, which is a message-oriented middleware system used by the US Air Force.
Soft Decision Decoding

In a digital communication system with one level of coding (modulation-demodulation), Figure 1, it is natural to design the demodulator to make hard decisions in such a way that the probability of symbol error is minimized.
The existence of solitons in gauged sigma models with broken symmetry: Some remarks

We prove the existence of multisolitons in the gauged self-dual Maxwell and Chern–Simons sigma models with broken symmetry. In the context of topological solutions, the existence proofs rely on established results on earlier models. In the context of nontopological solutions with radial symmetry, the proof is by adapting a shooting argument.
Elemental & Cyrene Reefs.

The Revo:oveR installation is a collection of six co-located installations exploring multimodal interaction, self-evolving aural and visual fabric, integration of architectural space, and the notion of communal art. The interactive aural communal soundscape Elemental and one of the two physical sculptures titled Cyrene Reefs exhibited at NIME 2009 can be seen as the core aural components of the overall exhibit, latter also exploring the notions of a musical instrument, traditional performance practice, and its ties to the tactile and visual domains.
A pilot study comparing circulation tumor cells (CTC) detection by AdnaTest prostate assay to CellSearch in patients (pts) with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

e16005 Background: The detection of CTC in blood is prognostic for survival in CRPC. CellSearch is an FDA cleared CTC enumeration assays that reports the number of cells meeting strict morphologic ...
"It's a power, not a disease": Syrian Youth Respond to Human Devastation Syndrome

While it is well acknowledged that the effects of war and exile are devastating for Syrian youth, there has been less focus on how they interpret their experience of war and displacement. Integrating anthropological and global health perspectives, we invite two Syrian youth, Karim and Khadijah, to speak to larger theoretical questions about humanitarianism. We describe the creation of a new diagnostic term, “Human Devastation Syndrome” (HDS) by the Syrian American Medical Society. Used describe the effects of war and displacement on Syrian youth, HDS provides a lens through which Karim and Khadija introduce their own theories of devastation.
Remote proximity monitoring between mobile construction resources using camera-mounted UAVs

Abstract Struck-by accidents have resulted in a significant number of fatal and nonfatal injuries in the construction industry. As a proactive safety measure against struck-by hazards, the authors present an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-assisted visual monitoring method that can automatically measure proximities among construction entities. To attain this end, this research conducts two research thrusts: (i) object localization using a deep neural network, YOLO-V3; and (ii) development of an image rectification method that allows for the measurement of actual distance from a 2D image collected from a UAV. Tests on real-site aerial videos show the promising accuracy of the proposed method; the mean absolute distance errors for estimated proximity were less than 0.9 m and the mean absolute percentage errors were around 4%. The proposed method enables the advanced detection of struck-by hazards around workers, which in turn can make timely intervention possible. This proactive intervention can ultimately promote a safer working environment for construction workers.
A new morphological dataset reveals a novel relationship for the adzebills of New Zealand (Aptornis) and provides a foundation for total evidence neoavian phylogenetics

Relationships among Neoaves, a group comprising approximately 95% of all extant birds, are difficult to resolve because of multiple short internodes presumably created by a rapid evolutionary radiation around the K/Pg boundary. This difficulty has plagued both morphological and molecular studies. Compared with molecular studies with extensive taxon and character sampling, morphological datasets have largely failed to provide insight into the phenotypic evolutionary transitions of the neoavian radiation. Extinct neoavian taxa remain an understudied but critical key to resolving relationships among these problematic stem lineages and understanding evolutionary changes in structure and function. Adzebills (Aptornis), some of the most phylogenetically controversial fossil neoavians, are extinct terrestrial birds endemic to New Zealand since at least the early Miocene. Past morphological studies have placed adzebills as a sister taxon to the flightless Kagu of New Caledonia (Rhynochetos jubatus) or to the land- and waterfowl group Galloanseres. Recent molecular studies reveal the Kagu and Sunbittern (Eurypyga helias) to be sister taxa, whereas adzebills have been postulated to be within Rallidae (rails, gallinules, and coots) or the sister taxon of Sarothruridae (flufftails) or Ralloidea (finfoots, flufftails, and rails). To better resolve the position of adzebills and begin constructing a fine-scale total evidence phylogenetic dataset for the base of Neoaves, we constructed a new and more comprehensive morphological dataset of 368 discrete osteological characters for 38 extant and two extinct taxa that includes extensive sampling of nearly all neoavian stem lineages. We then combined this dataset with 32 DNA sequences of the slowly evolving nuclear RAG1 and RAG2 genes. Morphological results place adzebills as the sister taxon of trumpeters (Psophia) within core Gruiformes and confirm strong support for a Kagu+Sunbittern sister group (99% bootstrap value). Results for analyses of the combined data were identical, and the adzebill+trumpeter clade was supported by a 99% Bayesian clade credibility value. Although the Kagu+Sunbittern sister group is consistent with recent molecular hypotheses, the adzebill+trumpeter group is novel.
Fast and Accurate Current Prediction in Packages Using Neural Networks

Electromigration (EM) has become one major reliability concern in modern integrated circuit (IC) packages. EM is caused by large currents flowing in metals and the resulting mean time to failure (MTTF) is highly dependent on the maximum current value. We here propose a scheme for fast and accurate prediction of the maximum current on the ball grid arrays (BGAs) in a package given the pin current information of the die. The proposed scheme uses neural networks to learn the resistance network of the package and achieve the non-linear current mapping. The fast prediction tool can be used for analysis and design exploration of the pin assignment on the die level.
Patient-Centered Outcomes in Radiation Oncology

Patient-reported outcome and health-related quality of life scales have the potential to engage patients and providers, allowing for better communication and shared decision-making in oncology care. When monitored longitudinally, they facilitate earlier interventions that may help with symptom management and improve traditional outcome metrics, including survival. Their use in clinical trials has allowed for changes in guidelines in the management of various cancers. The voice and experience of the patient, captured by these scales, enable providers to better detail the journey patients can expect to experience during and after treatment.
Sensitive Mass Spectrometer for Time-Resolved Gas-Phase Chemistry Studies at High Pressures.

We report a new experimental apparatus for direct time-resolved probing of high-pressure gas-phase chemical reactions by photoionization mass spectrometry. The apparatus uses a laser photolysis flo...
Cultural Influences of Latin American and Caribbean Perceptions on Inclusion and Diversity

The literature is shifting from diversity management to inclusion management, and consequently, to causal models more sensitive to interpersonal integration and relational frameworks. Yet many of these programs yield less than desired outcomes. This chapter argues that perspectives from national cultures within Latin American and Caribbean countries play a significant role in formulating Diversity and Inclusion strategies. The author argues that values typical of most Latin American and Caribbean countries as portrayed in Hofstede’s cultural dimensions reinforce the notion that native cultures have a moderating effect on inclusion and diversity views and suggest these constructs are perceived differently than interpreted in most North American models and training programs. Implications to better align inclusion and diversity programs for Latin American and Caribbean are thoroughly discussed.
Morbidity and Mortality in Critically Ill Children. II. A Qualitative Patient-Level Analysis of Pathophysiologies and Potential Therapeutic Solutions.

Objectives To describe at the individual patient level the pathophysiologic processes contributing to morbidity and mortality in PICUs and therapeutic additions and advances that could potentially prevent or reduce morbidity and mortality. Design Qualitative content analysis of intensivists' conclusions on pathophysiologic processes and needed therapeutic advances formulated by structured medical record review. Setting Eight children's hospitals affiliated with the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network. Patients A randomly selected cohort of critically ill children with a new functional morbidity or mortality at hospital discharge. New morbidity was assessed using the Functional Status Scale and defined as worsening by two or more points in a single domain from preillness baseline. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Of 292 children, 175 (59.9%) had a new morbidity and 117 (40.1%) died. The most common pathophysiology was impaired substrate delivery (n = 158, 54.1%) manifesting as global or regional hypoxia or ischemia due to low cardiac output or cardiac arrest. Other frequent pathophysiologies were inflammation (n = 104, 35.6%) related to sepsis, respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or multiple organ dysfunction; and direct tissue injury (n = 64, 21.9%) including brain and spinal cord trauma. Chronic conditions were often noted (n = 156, 53.4%) as contributing to adverse outcomes. Drug therapies (n = 149, 51.0%) including chemotherapy, inotropes, vasoactive agents, and sedatives were the most frequently proposed needed therapeutic advances. Other frequently proposed therapies included cell regeneration (n = 115, 39.4%) mainly for treatment of neuronal injury, and improved immune and inflammatory modulation (n = 79, 27.1%). Conclusions Low cardiac output and cardiac arrest, inflammation-related organ failures, and CNS trauma were the most common pathophysiologies leading to morbidity and mortality in PICUs. A research agenda focused on better understanding and treatment of these conditions may have high potential to directly impact patient outcomes.
Changes of levels of serum hydrogen sulfide and interleukin-6 in children with hand, foot and mouth disease

Objective To study the significance of level changes of serum hydrogen sulfide(H2S)and interleukin-6(IL-6) in children with hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD). Methods Nity-two cases with HFMD were enrolled and divided into severe HFMD group(48 cases) and common HFMD group(44 cases). Forty-six healthy children were enrolled as healthy control group.The serum H2S and IL-6 were detected. Results Acute phase: compared to the healthy control group[H2S(55.76±7.80) μmol/L, IL-6(61.31±13.43) ng/L], the level of serum H2S significantly reduced and the level of IL-6 significantly increased in severe HFMD group[H2S(21.72±7.52) μmol/L; IL-6(131.33±17.82) ng/L] and common HFMD group[H2S(31.86±8.41) μmol/L; IL-6(95.48±15.07) ng/L](P<0.01), and there was significantly difference between the severe HFMD group and common HFMD group(P<0.01). Recovery phase: compared to the healthy control group, the serum H2S level[(34.54±13.21) μmol/L] was lower and IL-6[(92.73±15.25) ng/L]was higher in severe HFMD group(P<0.01). The serum H2S level was negatively correlated with IL-6 in severe HFMD group and common HFMD group(r=-0.31, P<0.01; r=-0.45, P<0.01). Conclusion The serum H2S and IL-6 participate in the pathological process of HFMD, and the level change can be used as one of indicators of early diagnosis. Key words: Hand, foot and mouth disease; Hydrogen sulfide; Interleukin-6,
Oral Endocrine Therapy Agent, Race/Ethnicity, and Time on Therapy Predict Adherence in Breast Cancer Patients in a Large Academic Institution.

Abstract Introduction Adherence to oral endocrine therapy (OET) reduces recurrence risk for hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC). Refill data accessed through electronic health records may provide objective assessment of OET adherence. Our goal was to (1) determine the feasibility of reviewing electronic health records for assessing OET adherence, (2) evaluate 6 months’ OET adherence in HR-positive BC patients, and (3) identify predictors of low adherence. Patients and Methods A single-center, retrospective study from May through December 2018 was conducted. Primary end point was adherance rate at 6 months. Chi-square and Student t tests were used to compare adherent and nonadherent groups. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess predictors of adherence. Results Of 492 patients, 338 patients were included in adherence analysis. Of 338 patients identified, 82% (n = 277) were adherent at 6 months. In the multivariable logistic model, race/ethnicity, type of endocrine therapy, and time on therapy were found to be significantly associated with adherence. Asian/non-Hispanic and white/Hispanic patients were less likely to be adherent compared to white/non-Hispanics (Asian/non-Hispanic: odds ratio [OR], 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11-0.82; white/Hispanic: OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11-0.64). Patients prescribed aromatase inhibitors were more likely to be adherent compared to patients prescribed tamoxifen (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.02-4.14). Last, patients prescribed OET for 3 to 5 years had lower adherence compared to patients given OET for 2 years or less (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.09-0.91). Conclusion Accessing refill data through electronic health records was found to be feasible. Tamoxifen therapy, Asian/non-Hispanic and white/Hispanic origin, and longer time on therapy predicted nonadherence in our patients.
ELECTRICAL EXPRESSION OF SPIN ACCUMULATION IN FERROMAGNET/SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES

We treat the spin injection and extraction via a ferromagnetic metal/semiconductor Schottky barrier as a quantum scattering problem. This enables the theory to explain a number of phenomena involving spin-dependent current through the Schottky barrier, especially the counter-intuitive spin polarization direction in the semiconductor due to current extraction seen in recent experiments. A possible explanation of this phenomenon involves taking into account the spin-dependent inelastic scattering via the bound states in the interface region. The quantum-mechanical treatment of spin transport through the interface is coupled with the semiclassical description of transport in the adjoining media, in which we take into account the in-plane spin diffusion along the interface in the planar geometry used in experiments. The theory forms the basis of the calculation of spin-dependent current flow in multi-terminal systems, consisting of a semiconductor channel with many ferromagnetic contacts attached, in which th...
The Marital Selflessness Scale: A Relational Assessment Tool for Couples Therapy

Spirituality is an important factor in couples’ therapy, yet few tools exist for therapists to utilize in the context of couples therapy. The Marital Selflessness Scale (MSS), a dyadic measure is d...
Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Transition Metal Nitrides for Superconducting Device Applications

Integration of epitaxial superconducting layers with semiconductor devices is expected to enable substantial performance benefits, design flexibility, and creation of novel device structures. Integration of superconducting transition metal nitrides (TMNs) with the wide bandgap group III-N semiconductors is especially appealing because of the close lattice match, similar crystal structures, and chemical and thermal compatibility of the TMN and III-N families of materials. We have previously reported on the use of a Scienta-Omicron PRO-75 RF-plasma molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) chamber equipped with an in-situ electron beam evaporator to epitaxially grow metallic niobium nitride (NbN x ) thin films and III-N/NbNx heterostructures on hexagonal SiC substrates. More recently, we have reported on growth of single-phase thin films of single-crystal hexagonal $\gamma$ -Ta 2 N on 3-inch-diameter SiC substrates. In this presentation, we will discuss our recent work on the growth and superconducting properties of TMNs grown on SiC by MBE. The films were characterized in-situ using reflection high-energy electron diffraction, and ex-situ using optical and atomic-force microscopy, contactless sheet resistance, X-ray diffraction, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, and superconductivity measurements. We will discuss the MBE growth conditions for epitaxial superconducting NbNx and hexagonal $\gamma$ -Ta 2 N on SiC.
Understanding Racial Capitalism using the Photovoice method: Black tourism in France

This project applies the Photovoice method, an established qualitative approach, to discover new insights for market and enterprise development based on racial identity. Examining the interests and...
Cooled Radiofrequency Ablation of the Trochanteric Branch of the Nervus Femoralis to Treat Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome.

Objective Greater trochanteric pain syndrome is a common cause of lateral hip pain. Corticosteroid injections are commonly utilized as non-surgical interventions, however they are not effective for all patients. This technical case report describes a method for treating greater trochanteric pain syndrome by utilizing cooled radiofrequency ablation. Methods The trochanteric branch of the nervus femoralis is identified as providing sensory innervation to the greater trochanter and its surrounding structures. We have identified fluoroscopic targets to block the nerve and perform cooled radiofrequency ablation. We present two patient cases which demonstrated significant pain relief of greater trochanteric pain syndrome with this treatment. Conclusions Cooled radiofrequency ablation of the trochanteric branch of the nervus femoralis is a potential treatment for greater trochanteric pain syndrome. This procedure provides a potential steroid-sparing interventional treatment based on reproducible fluoroscopic landmarks.
Meet the expert: Topical management of vulvar dermatoses

Vulvar dermatoses are often debilitating chronic skin conditions associated with pain and pruritus. In oncologic patients, cancer treatments can precipitate and exacerbate vulvar dermatoses. Cytotoxic chemotherapy, hormonal therapies, and local pelvic radiation therapy can lead to vulvar symptoms, and cancer treatment-induced vulvar conditions include graft-versus-host-disease and radiation dermatitis. There have also been reports of lichen sclerosus development or exacerbation secondary to hormonal therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, attributed to proposed hormonal and immunologic pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus. Early recognition and treatment of these conditions can significantly improve quality of life. In this review, we summarize the clinical features and management characteristics of six types of common vulvar dermatoses that may present in the oncologic patient.
Inhibitory Effects of Organosulfur Compounds in Garlic on Canine Mammary Tumor Cells

Six organosulfur compounds found in garlic were examined for their ability to alter the growth of canine mammary tumor cells (CMT-13) in culture. S-allyl-cysteine, S-ethyl-cysteine, or S-propyl-cysteine (water soluble organosulfur compounds) did not significantly alter the growth of CMT-13 cells when added at 1.0 mM or less. However, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl trisulfide (oil soluble organosulfur compounds) addition markedly inhibited growth. Diallyl disulfide induced growth depression was accompanied by an increased proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase compared to untreated cultures. Exposure to diallyl disulfide (1 mM) increased the intracellular glutathione by 57% and the activity of glutathione-S-transferase by 300%. Addition of glutathione prior to diallyl disulfide markedly decreased the severity of the diallyl disulfide-mediated growth inhibition. Simultaneous treatment with sodium selenite (9.6 μM) and diallyl disulfide (1 or 5 μM) enhanced the growth depression compared to that caused by either compound alone. Studies with supplemental glutathione and selenium suggest an involvement of membrane sulfhydryls in the growth inhibition caused by the tested oil soluble sulfhydryls in garlic. These studies document that some sulfhydryls found in garlic are effective inhibitors of the growth of neoplastic cells. Additional studies are warranted to determine the physiological significance of these organosulfur compounds as agents against human tumors.
Reuse in the world of end user programmers

Publisher Summary End-user programmers often reuse each other's code when creating new programs, but this reuse is rarely as clean or simple as the black box reuse that professional programmers aspire to achieve. This chapter explores the motivations that drive reuse of end-user code, the challenges that impede reuse of end-user code, and several approaches that facilitate reuse of end-user code. We give particular emphasis to the problem of helping end users to identify high-quality reusable code amid the millions of scripts, macros, spreadsheets, and other programs produced by essentially anonymous users out on the Web. Based on a review of empirical studies, we find that reusable code is often characterized by certain traits, suggesting that it might be possible to help-end user programmers to find reusable code by automatically gathering, analyzing, and synthesizing information about whether code has these desirable traits. We close the chapter with a discussion of future research opportunities aimed at helping end users to identify, understand, and adapt reusable code.
Unsteady Viscous Flow Calculations Including Surface Heating and Cooling Effects

A fully implicit solution technique is applied to study the unsteady flow characteristics including surface heating and cooling effects of an infinite circular cylinder at a Reynolds number of 100. The fluid flow problem is governed by the Boussinesq approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations. The equations in the finite-difference form are linearized using Newton’s method and the resulting system of equations including the boundary conditions are solved simultaneously using a direct solution technique. In a previous paper, the solution technique was presented and results (coarse grid) were discussed. Here, results are presented for higher grid densities, different boundary conditions, and various angles between the freestream velocity vector and the gravitational acceleration vector.
A conceptual framework: the early and late phases of skeletal muscle dysfunction in the acute respiratory distress syndrome

Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) often develop severe diaphragmatic and limb skeletal muscle dysfunction. Impaired muscle function in ARDS is associated with increased mortality, increased duration of mechanical ventilation, and functional disability in survivors. In this review, we propose that muscle dysfunction in ARDS can be categorized into an early and a late phase. These early and late phases are based on the timing in relationship to lung injury and the underlying mechanisms. The early phase occurs temporally with the onset of lung injury, is driven by inflammation and disuse, and is marked predominantly by muscle atrophy from increased protein degradation. The ubiquitin-proteasome, autophagy, and calpain-caspase pathways have all been implicated in early-phase muscle dysfunction. Late-phase muscle weakness persists in many patients despite resolution of lung injury and cessation of ongoing acute inflammation-driven muscle atrophy. The clinical characteristics and mechanisms underlying late-phase muscle dysfunction do not involve the massive protein degradation and atrophy of the early phase and may reflect a failure of the musculoskeletal system to regain homeostatic balance. Owing to these underlying mechanistic differences, therapeutic interventions for treating muscle dysfunction in ARDS may differ during the early and late phases. Here, we review clinical and translational investigations of muscle dysfunction in ARDS, placing them in the conceptual framework of the early and late phases. We hypothesize that this conceptual model will aid in the design of future mechanistic and clinical investigations of the skeletal muscle system in ARDS and other critical illnesses.
Signatures of Pseudo-Goldstone Bosons in Technicolor Theories with the GIM Mechanism

Technicolor models with the GIM mechanism are successful solutions to common problems of technicolor model building. These models have a rich set of new particles and interactions. We present the spectrum of the lightest exotic particles in such models and their signatures in present and future collider experiments.
A critical birth weight and other determinants of survival for infants with severe intrauterine growth restriction

Our objective was to assess the perinatal management and neonatal outcomes of premature, severely intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) neonates. A cohort of neonates 550 grams have dismal outcomes despite a gestational age that is compatible with survival.
Clinical Reasoning: A case of acute onset bilateral ptosis in a young child

A 5-year-old boy presented with acute onset bilateral ptosis. An initial unilateral ptosis had evolved over the preceding 3 days, following a resolved pyrexial upper respiratory tract illness (URI) treated with oral penicillin. His mother reported that recently he was unable to walk half a mile to school, but had no difficulty with stairs. There was no history of ocular pain, vomiting, headaches, weight loss, dysphagia, constipation, or urinary disturbance. The ptosis was reported not to fluctuate, with no reported tearing, photophobia, or visual disturbance. His prior development was normal, and there was no family history of relevant neuromuscular or autoimmune disorders. On examination he was alert and apyrexial, without rash or lymphadenopathy. His systemic examination was unremarkable aside from enlarged noninflamed tonsils. He had bilateral ptosis obscuring the visual axis: marginal reflex distances were −3 mm and −2 mm on the left and right, respectively. There was no conjunctival injection or tearing. Pupil sizes were 4 mm, equal, and reacted briskly to light and accommodation without relative afferent pupillary defect. Fundus examination was normal. There was full range and no fatigability of extraocular movements. Cover test findings were equivocal: a subtle left esophoria at near, and small (8 D) esotropia with horizontal diplopia at distance. Forced eye closure was normal without eyelid myotonia. Other cranial nerve examination was normal including facial sensation, bulbar strength, and gag reflex. He had normal muscle bulk, tone, and active muscle …
Treatment of narcotic addiction by inhibition of craving: contending with a cherished habit.

Abstract The indefinitely repeated occurrence of powerful impulses to take drugs is the essence of drug addiction. These impulses are correlated with activity of the automatic nervous system. As early as 1941, Himmelsbach noted that the morphine abstinence syndrome (or craving) was “a disturbance affecting the autonomic division of the nervous system.” 1 The syndrome that results from repeated doses of narcotics has the features of a learned habit. Although narcotic habits always include motor acts that may have socially motivated components, treatment that concentrates on motor acts without attention to autonomic events inevitably misses the crux of the problem. The substantial failure of attempts to modify drug-taking behavior by measures directed at motor behaviors is exactly what was to have been expected. The evocations of the autonomic responses comprising the abstinence syndrome must be in response to some antecedent stimulus or stimuli. Lawrence Kolb, one of the earliest observers of addiction patterns stated: “… When we say a man relapses to drugs because he has a periodic craving …, we have stated only an end result and have left the primary cause of the craving undisclosed.” 2 Antecedent stimuli to craving may be in the external environment (exteroceptive), 2–11 or in a specific internal state (interoceptive). 2,5,6,12 In many cases, both external and internal antecedents can be identified. In this article we report our experiences in an experiment designed to weaken abstinence responses by systematically inhibiting them through the competition of aversive responses. The abstinence responses were induced by intravenous injections of naloxone and the aversive responses by electrical stimulation of the forearm. Our efforts achieved some success, but were largely thwarted by the subjects' almost universal disinterest in working towards change.
Conformational Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Study: 2-Arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol (2-AGPI) in a DOPC Bilayer

GPR55 is a Class A G protein-coupled receptor that has been shown to be activated by cannabinoids (Henstridge et al. FASEB J. 2008). The receptor is expressed in several mammalian tissues including several regions of the brain. The Sugiura group has reported that GPR55 is also activated by lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) found in rat brain (Oka et al. BBRC, 2007), with 2-AGPI having the highest actvity (Sugiura et al. ICRS Abstract 9, 2008). Since 2-AGPI is found in lipid and is shown to interact with the membrane-embedded GPR55 receptor, we undertook a study of the location and conformations that 2-AGPI can adopt in a phospholipid bilayer. Initial study of 2-AGPI necessitated the development of parameters for a P-O-C-C torsion angle. Ab initio calculations were performed using standard 6-31G∗ basis set at both Hartree-Fock (HF) and Moller-Plesset (MP2) levels of theory to determine the rotational profile and molecular geometry of a model fragment of 2-AGPI containing the P-O-C-C linkage. This study revealed a broad global minimum at 260° and a shallower minimum at 50°. A Monte Carlo/simulated annealing (Conformational Memories) study of 2-AGPI in a low dielectric was then undertaken. The study produced 105 conformers which had the same general shape, a tight U, and contained several internal hydrogen bonds between the ring hydroxyls and the phosphate and glycerol moieties. Finally, 2-AGPI was added to a fully hydrated, pre-equilibarted DOPC bilayer (28 waters/lipid; 72 lipid molecules with 36 in each leaflet) and the behavior of 2-AGPI in DOPC was studied using the NAMD2 molecular dynamics software package (NPAT ensemble; P = 1atm, T=310K) with the CHARMM27 parameter set including data for polyunsaturated lipids, along with the TIP3P model for water. [Support: NIH DA023266 and DA021358].
The influence of alkalinization on the hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia in uremic rats

Abstract Correction of metabolic acidosis following bilateral nephrectomy by the administration of NaHCO 3 resulted in significant amelioration of the hyperkalemia. In contrast, no influence was demonstrated on the hypermagnesemia of uremia by alkali therapy. It is concluded that under the conditions of the present study the principal intracellular cations, K and Mg, respond divergently to correction of uremic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate.
Hypercalcemia in early traumatic quadriplegia

Abstract Episodes of unusual hypercalcemia have been described in three men, 15, 17, and 18 yr old, who had sustained physiologically complete transections of the spinal cord at the first, fourth, and fifth vertebral levels. The patients with injuries at C4 and C5 had been completely immobilized for 14 and 21 weeks when they developed hypercalcemia. The patient with the C1 injury had never been able to remain more than 1 hr in a wheelchair during the 16 months preceding the hypercalcemia episode. All three patients were in the post-onset period of increased bone resorption and at an age when bone turnover is increased. They had hypercalciuria when they developed a drastic reduction in renal and subsequently hypercalcemia. In the C5 patient short term treatments with anabolic steroids reduced the calcemia; his renal function improved and he has had no recurrence. In the C1 patient calcemia was reduced after removal of bladder and urethral calculi. In the C4 patient, treatment with anabolic steroids was not successful in reducing the calcemia because of irreversible renal insufficiency. In two patients the levels of serum parathyroid hormone and calcitonin were evaluated. PTH was in the normal range and CT in the high normal range.
Controls of hydraulic wind power transfer

The energy of wind can be transferred to the generator by employing a gearbox or through an intermediate medium such as hydraulic fluids. In this method, a high-pressure hydraulic system is utilized to transfer the energy produced from a wind turbine to a central generator. The speed control of wind driven hydraulic machinery is challenging, since the intermittent nature of wind imposes the fluctuation on the wind power generation and consequently varies the frequency of voltage. On the other hand, as the load of the generators increases, the frequency of the voltage drops. Therefore, hydraulically connected wind turbine and generator need to be controlled to maintain the frequency and compensate for the power demands. This paper introduces a closed loop gain scheduling flow control technique to maintain a constant frequency at the wind turbine generator. The governing equations of the renewable energy transfer system are derived and used to design the control system. The mathematical model is verified with a detailed model built using the SimHydraulics toolbox of MATLAB. The speed control profile obtained from a gain scheduling PI controller demonstrates a high performance speed regulation. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of both the proposed model and the control technique.
What is the bacteriology of chronic sinusitis in adults

Purpose: Recent advances in imaging and endoscopy has increased our awareness of chronic sinusitis. The teaching has been that chronic sinusitis is mainly caused by anaerobes; however, recent studies have found that the role of anaerobes is small, especially in children. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 76 adults who failed medical treatment for chronic sinusitis and were scheduled for endoscopic sinus surgery. Specimens were obtained on all 76 patients at the time of surgery and were sent for aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Results: Anaerobic organisms were isolated in 7.6% of the cases, and aerobes were isolated in 76.3% of the patients. The most common aerobic organism was the Staphylococcus species, whereby resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics was 21.7%. Conclusion: All past studies on the bacteriology in adults were made before the era of endoscopic sinus surgery and the newer-generation antibiotics. According to our results, it seems there is a change in trend in the bacteriology of chronic sinusitis in adults.
Velo and REXAN — Integrated data management and high speed analysis for experimental facilities

The Chemical Imaging Initiative at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is creating a ‘Rapid Experimental Analysis’ (REXAN) Framework, based on the concept of reusable component libraries. REXAN allows developers to quickly compose and customize high throughput analysis pipelines for a range of experiments, as well as supporting the creation of multi-modal analysis pipelines. In addition, PNNL has coupled REXAN with its collaborative data management and analysis environment Velo to create an easy to use data management and analysis environments for experimental facilities. This paper will discuss the benefits of Velo and REXAN in the context of three examples: • PNNL High Resolution Mass Spectrometry — reducing analysis times from hours to seconds, and enabling the analysis of much larger data samples (100KB to 40GB) at the same time. • ALS X-Ray Tomography — reducing analysis times of combined STXM and EM data collected at the ALS from weeks to minutes, decreasing manual work and increasing data volumes that can be analysed in a single step. • Multi-modal nano-scale analysis of STXM and TEM data — providing a semi automated process for particle detection. The creation of REXAN has significantly shortened the development time for these analysis pipelines. The integration of Velo and REXAN has significantly increased the scientific productivity of the instruments and their users by creating easy to use data management and analysis environments with greatly reduced analysis times and improved analysis capabilities.
PHARMACOINVASIVE STRATEGY VERSUS FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHED ANALYSIS FROM THE NATIONWIDE INPATIENT SAMPLE

There is a paucity of data comparing pharmacoinvasive strategy versus fibrinolytic therapy only in real world patients. We used Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases from 2008 to 2012 to identify all patients aged ≥18 years with STEMI who received fibrinolytic therapy and were subsequently
Effects of camber height and boundary condition on energy absorption of arched composite laminates

Abstract The scope of this study on arched composite laminates subjected to low-velocity impact was two-fold. One was to investigate the effect of camber height on energy absorption and the other the effect of boundary condition on energy absorption. All specimens were made of the same prepreg tape material and a cross-ply stacking sequence of [0/90]3s such that a comparison among flat panels and arched specimens with various camber heights can be made. Analysis on the load–deflection relation, the energy profile and the damage process were of primary interest as they provided the insight into the impact behavior of arched composites. Experimental results showed that the maximum deflection and the energy absorption increased significantly as the camber height increased while the peak load decreased slightly. It was also found that the boundary condition played an important role in the energy absorption process. Frame-clamped specimens experienced higher slippage, and hence higher energy absorption, than bolted specimens. This slippage was observed after impact because the specimen actually would pull out of the frame. Video footage also verified this phenomenon.
Reading acceleration training changes brain circuitry in children with reading difficulties.

Introduction Dyslexia is characterized by slow, inaccurate reading. Previous studies have shown that the Reading Acceleration Program (RAP) improves reading speed and accuracy in children and adults with dyslexia and in typical readers across different orthographies. However, the effect of the RAP on the neural circuitry of reading has not been established. In the current study, we examined the effect of the RAP training on regions of interest in the neural circuitry for reading using a lexical decision task during fMRI in children with reading difficulties and typical readers. Methods Children (8–12 years old) with reading difficulties and typical readers were studied before and after 4 weeks of training with the RAP in both groups. Results In addition to improvements in oral and silent contextual reading speed, training-related gains were associated with increased activation of the left hemisphere in both children with reading difficulties and typical readers. However, only children with reading difficulties showed improvements in reading comprehension, which were associated with significant increases in right frontal lobe activation. Conclusions Our results demonstrate differential effects of the RAP on neural circuits supporting reading in both children with reading difficulties and typical readers and suggest that the intervention may stimulate use of typical neural circuits for reading and engage compensatory pathways to support reading in the developing brain of children with reading difficulties.
Rubicene: a molecular fragment of C70 for use in organic field-effect transistors

Rubicene, a molecular fragment of C70, is a promising organic semiconductor material that displays excellent electronic characteristics for use in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Bottom-gate/bottom-contact polycrystalline thin-film OFETs using rubicene exhibit a saturation hole mobility of 0.20 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a current on/off ratio (Ion/Ioff) of 1.0 × 104. In addition, the device performance can be improved with a mobility of 0.32 cm2 V−1 s−1 and Ion/Ioff of 2.5 × 104 with pentafluorobenzenethiol (PFBT) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) treatment on Au electrodes. To characterize the interfacial electronic structure and morphology of rubicene on Au and PFBT/Au, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), theoretical calculation with density functional theory (DFT) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) were performed. With PFBT SAM treatment, the hole injection barrier from Au to rubicene is significantly decreased from 1.15 to 0.48 eV due to the formation of a large interface dipole on Au that increased its work function from 4.33 to 5.67 eV. Furthermore, PFBT SAM treatment also induces an “edge-on” configuration of rubicene, which can lead to the increase in carrier mobility. These results indicate that rubicene can serve as a benchmark organic semiconductor for model charge transport studies and in various organic electronic devices.
Tracking with a new distribution metric in a particle filtering framework

©2008 SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited. The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.768592