cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A theory-based approach to nursing shared governance

Abstract Background The discipline of nursing uses a general definition of shared governance. The discipline's lack of a specified theory with precepts and propositions contributes to persistent barriers in progress toward building evidence-based knowledge through systematic study. Purpose The purposes of this article were to describe the development and elements of a program theory approach for nursing shared governance implementation and to recommend further testing. Method Five studies using multiple methods are described using a structured framework. The studies led to the use of Lipsey's method of theory development for program implementation to develop a theory for shared governance for nursing. Discussion Nine competencies were verified to define nursing practice council effectiveness. Other findings reveal that nurse empowerment results from alignment between the competencies of self- directed work teams and the competencies of organizational leaders. Implementation of GEMS theory based nursing shared governance can advance goals at the individual, unit, department, and organization level. Conclusion Advancing professional nursing practice requires that nursing concepts are systematically studied and then formalized for implementation. This article describes the development of a theoretical foundation for the systematic study and implementation of nursing shared governance.
X-Ray Yield Curves for γ − n Reactions

Yield curves for the reactions ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}(\ensuremath{\gamma},n){\mathrm{C}}^{11}$ and ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}(\ensuremath{\gamma},n){\mathrm{Cu}}^{62}$ have been taken with x-rays up to 100 Mev. The induced radioactivity at each energy is plotted per unit x-ray intensity as measured by a $r$-meter thimble jacketed by ⅛ in. of Pb. Both yield curves are similar to the photo-fission yield curves, the x-ray yield increasing to a maximum and then slowly decreasing as the x-ray energy is increased. With simple assumptions regarding the generation of ionizing secondaries in the Pb walls of the monitor and assumption of a constant intensity x-ray spectrum, these curves can be analyzed. The relative cross section is found to have a maximum at approximately 22 Mev for ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{62}$ and 30 Mev for ${\mathrm{C}}^{11}$, decreasing to negligible values at high quantum energies. This decrease in cross section can be attributed to competition from multiple disintegrations. These reactions provide detectors sensitive only to part of the x-ray spectrum. Absorption curves have been taken in Pb using uranium photo-fission and in Cu and Pb using the ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}(\ensuremath{\gamma},n){\mathrm{Cu}}^{62}$ reaction as detectors. The resulting absorption coefficients compare favorably with theoretical values.
Some Observations on Determination and Mechanism of Colour Development of Soybean Oil

The developments of a red colour in frying oils during high temperature are practically important having close relations with the foarming tendencies. In this report, soybean oils were used as the representative of frying oils, and their chromaticy changes when heated were measured by the three methods; Lovibond method, RGB chromaticy method and XYZ chromaticy method. Among them, XYZ chromaticy method was the best to analyse the chromaticy changes indicating the highest sensibility. Then the highly coloured soybean oils were reduced with sodium borohydride, lithium alminium hydride and hydrazine hydrate, and by determining the characteristics and infrared spectra, carbonyl groups and epoxy groups were found to partake the developments of a red colour.Then the reduced material by the use of sodium borohydride was treated with marcuric acetate for addition and the infrared spectroscopic analysis of this material showed that the carbonyl groups having close relations with the red colour development seemed to be α, β- and α, α'-unsaturated carbonyls.
XPS Investigation of the Atomic Layer Deposition Half Reactions of Bis(N-tert-butyl-N′-ethylpropionamidinato) Cobalt(II)

Adsorption of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) precursor bis(N-tert-butyl-N′-ethylpropionamidinato) cobalt(II) (CoAMD) on SiO2, carbon-doped oxide (CDO), and Cu is reported. Adsorption was performed under ALD cycling conditions with and without H2 coreactant to mimic the first and second ALD half reactions on the substrates. Resultant surface chemistries were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Adsorption of CoAMD proved self-limiting and the precursor reduced readily on Cu with and without H2 coreactant to form Co0. Residual C and N signals on Cu suggest that amidinate ligands and decomposition fragments from CoAMD adsorb on the Cu surface. On SiO2 and CDO, CoAMD chemisorbs on O containing moieties, primarily OH, to form Co2+. Accumulation of Co after three ALD cycles was greatest on Cu and least on CDO.
Electrocardiographic changes in hemorrhage and ischemic compression shock.

ConclusionsConstant displacement of the S-T segment in several leads (one exception) during the periods of severe hypotension indicates that functional myocardial changes occurred as a result of reduced coronary blood flow. The persistence of such changes after reinfusion, or their reappearance before arterial pressure has declined a great deal, strongly support the concept that functional ventricular fibrillation) developed after vigorous massage. The results suggest that toxic substances with potassium-like actions are present in damaged tissues, that they do not enter the blood stream in sufficient amounts to be detectable when limbs are kept at rest, but that they may contribute materially to the circulatory failure and even lead to prompt cardiac death whenever limbs are massaged.
Efficient categorical data clustering method

The traditional K-means clustering algorithm is only for numerical data.Therefore,a categorical data clustering method is proposed through extending the K-means algorithm to categorical data domain.In accordance with the information of data distribution correlated to each value of each categorical attribute,and at the same time combined with the vertical and horizontal distribution of the data to measure the difference between data object and the class,a new distance metric is defined.This method can find the intrinsic relationship between the different values of the same attribute,and can measure the difference between objects effectively.The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified on the dataset of the UCI.Experimental results show that the algorithm has better clustering results.
Medicine and the Phenomenological Method

If he is to be one who thinks for himself…an autonomous philosopher with the will to liberate himself from all prejudices, he must have the insight that all the things he takes for granted are prejudices, that all prejudices are obscurities arising out of a sedimentation of tradition — not merely judgments whose truth is as yet undecided — and that this is true even of the great task and idea which is called “philosophy” (Husserl, 1970, p. 72, emphasis in original). My goal in this paper is to suggest that phenomenology can serve the medical profession by providing a different way of looking at medical theory and practice, a way that is grounded in both philosophy and lived experience. Central to a phenomenological perspective is an exploration of the taken-for-granted assumptions (what Husserl refers to above as “prejudices”) that undergird thought and action. Such an exploration can bring forward for examination features of medical theory and practice that otherwise may go unnoticed, unexamined, and unassessed. Husserl (Palmer translation, 1971, p. 77) states, “The term ‘phenomenology’ designates two things: a new kind of descriptive method which made a breakthrough in philosophy at the turn of the century, and an a priori science derived from it; a science which is intended to supply the basic instrument … for a rigorously scientific philosophy and, in its consequent application, to make possible a methodical reform of all the sciences.”1 Phenomenology provides both (1) an intentionally minimal set of philosophical assumptions about the nature of humans and the world and (2) a set of methodological principles based on those assumptions that provide rules for engaging in phenomenological analysis.
Hyperthermia: effects on renal ischemic/reperfusion injury in the rat.

UNLABELLED Hyperthermia (39.5 degrees C) worsens experimental ischemic acute renal failure (ARF). We assessed whether it does so by affecting the ischemic and/or reperfusion injury phase and if its influence is mediated through changes in kidney ATP content and xanthine oxidase-mediated oxidant stress. Rats were subjected to 25 minutes of renal pedicle occlusion and hyperthermia was imposed during ischemia alone, reflow alone (0 to 30, 30 to 60, and 60 to 90 minutes), ischemia + reflow, or without ischemia. Hyperthermia's effects on ischemic/reperfusion adenylate pools lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), and the severity of ARF were assessed in comparison with normothermic ischemic controls. Hyperthermia confined to ischemia profoundly worsened ARF whereas during immediate reflow (0 to 30 minutes) hyperthermia had only a mild ARF-potentiating effect. During late reflow (greater than 30 minutes) or in the absence of ischemia, hyperthermia caused no damage. Hyperthermia had only a brief negative impact on ischemic ATP content, just slightly lowering it during the first 5 minutes of ischemia. Nevertheless, much greater ischemic damage resulted, reflected by increased proximal tubular brush border membrane sloughing at the end of vascular occlusion. Hyperthermia imposed only during reflow did not affect ATP concentrations. Hyperthermia increased end-ischemic purine base concentrations by 10% due to increased ATP degradation. However, reperfusion lipid peroxidation did not result and xanthine oxidase inhibition (by oxypurinol) conferred no protection. CONCLUSIONS (a) Hyperthermia worsens ARF predominantly by affecting ischemic, not reperfusion, injury; (b) xanthine oxidase is not an important mediator of hyperthermic-ischemic ARF; and (c) hyperthermia has a quantitatively trivial impact on ischemic ATP levels. This suggests that hyperthermia principally worsens ARF by magnifying the consequences of energy depletion (e.g., membrane damage) more than by worsening energy depletion, per se.
Association of menopause age and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Objective Menopause age can affect the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of early menopause (menopause occurring before age 45 y) and menopause age with N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a potential risk marker of CVD and heart failure. Methods Our cross-sectional study included 2,275 postmenopausal women, aged 45 to 85 years and without clinical CVD (2000-2002), from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Participants were classified as having or not having early menopause. NT-proBNP was log-transformed. Multivariable linear regression was used for analysis. Results Five hundred sixty-one women had early menopause. The median (25th-75th percentiles) NT-proBNP value was 79.0 (41.1-151.6) pg/mL for all participants, 83.4 (41.4-164.9) pg/mL for women with early menopause, and 78.0 (40.8-148.3) pg/mL for women without early menopause. The mean (SD) age was 65 (10.1) and 65 (8.9) years for women with and without early menopause, respectively. No significant interactions between menopause age and ethnicity were observed. In multivariable analysis, early menopause was associated with a 10.7% increase in NT-proBNP levels, whereas each 1-year increase in menopause age was associated with a 0.7% decrease in NT-proBNP levels. Conclusions Early menopause is associated with greater NT-proBNP levels, whereas each 1-year increase in menopause age is associated with lower NT-proBNP levels, in postmenopausal women.
The processing and presentation of lipids and glycolipids to the immune system

The recognition of CD1-lipid complexes by T cells was discovered 20 years ago and has since been an emerging and expanding field of investigation. Unlike protein antigens, which are presented on MHC class I and II molecules, lipids can only be presented by CD1 molecules, a unique family of MHC-like proteins whose singularity is a hydrophobic antigen-binding groove. The processing and loading of lipid antigens inside this groove of CD1 molecules require localization to endosomal and lysosomal subcellular compartments and their acidic pHs. This particular environment provides the necessary glycolytic enzymes and lipases that process lipid and glycolipid antigens, as well as a set of lipid transfer proteins that load the final version of the antigen inside the groove of CD1. The overall sequence of events needed for efficient presentation of lipid antigens is now understood and presented in this review. However, a large number of important details have been elusive. This elusiveness is linked to the inherent technical difficulties of studying lipids and the lipid-protein interface in vitro and in vivo. Here, we will expose some of those limitations and describe new approaches to address them during the characterization of lipids and glycolipids antigen presentation.
From Thermostatics to Thermodynamics; Discussion Paper

On 7th February, 1615 the Venetian diplomat Giovanfrancesco Sagredo wrote a letter to Galileo Galilei in which he reported what he had read off from his thermoscope: that ‘well water is actually colder in winter than in summer’ and he muses ‘that our senses judge differently’‡
Human Placental Ca2+-ATPases: Targets for Organochlorine Pesticides?

Millions of tons of p,p’-DDT and other organochlorine (OC) pesticides have been used worldwide in the past thirty years. Although the use of certain OC pesticides has been discontinued in several countries including the United States, they are still the pesticides of choice in developing countries. It is noteworthy that the recognized deleterious effects of OC pesticides on human health will NOT disappear due to this ban, since, for example, DDT residues in the ecosystem are expected to linger well beyond the beginning of the next century (Matsumura, 1975). OC pesticides are highly lipophilic compounds and are avidly stored in internal tissues, notably the fat depots. Several epidemiological surveys have documented a positive correlation between the amount of OC residues in maternal or cord blood, placenta, and fetal tissues and an increased incidence of spontaneous abortion (O’Leary et al., 1970a; Saxena et al., 1980), missed abortion (Bercovici et al., 1983), fetal prematurity (O’Leary et al., 1970b, 1972; D’Ecrole et al., 1976; Saxena et al., 1980) induction of early labor (Polishuk et al., 1977; Saxena et al., 1980, 1981), premature delivery, (Wassermann et al., 1982; Siddiqui and Saxena, 1985) or stillbirths (Curley et al., 1969; Saxena et al., 1983; Siddiqui and Saxena, 1985). Many forms of covert toxicity of OC pesticides which often times are expressed later in life (morphological, physiological, or neuro-behavioral) are suspected in surviving babies but this documentation is lacking at present. However, a significant increase in neonatal mortality has been well documented in rats (Fitzhugh and Nelson, 1947; Clement and Okey, 1974). Persistent stimulatory and behavioral effects are also known to occur in rats following prenatal exposure to dieldrin (Olsen et al., 1980). Although several hypotheses have been put forth, the underlying biochemical mechanism(s) responsible for these undesirable reproductive effects has not yet been established.
Proterozoic and Living Cyanobacteria

The satisfactory systematic and functional interpretation of any fossil requires that its features be comparable to those of living organisms. A conundrum facing paleontologists who study Proterozoic microfossils is that many of the cyanobacteria-like remains that are so abundant in microbial mat assemblages have multiple morphological analogues in the modern biota -organisms that range from oxygenic photoautotrophs (the cyanobacteria) to anaerobic heterotrophs. Interpretation, therefore, requires that careful attention be paid to paleoenvironmental, behavioral, and taphonomic considerations, as well as morphology. Analyses of Proterozoic microfossil populations, including species of Eoentophysalis, Polybessurus, Eohyella, and others, demonstrate how paleobiological interpretation is maximized when careful observations on ancient populations are combined with complementary studies of modern morphological, developmental, and behavioral counterparts living in comparable physical environments.
Robotic quantification of upper extremity loss of independent joint control or flexion synergy in individuals with hemiparetic stroke: a review of paradigms addressing the effects of shoulder abduction loading.

Unsupported or “against-gravity” reaching and hand opening movements are greatly impaired in individuals with hemiparetic stroke. The reduction in reaching excursion and hand opening is thought to be primarily limited by abnormal muscle co-activation of shoulder abductors with distal limb flexors, known as flexion synergy, that results in a loss of independent joint control or joint individuation. Our laboratory employs several methods for quantifying this movement impairment, however the most documented techniques are sophisticated and laboratory-based. Here a series of robotic methods that vary in complexity from comprehensive (laboratory-based) to focused (clinically relevant) are outlined in detail in order to facilitate translation and make recommendations for utilization across the translational spectrum as part of Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation thematic series, “Technically-advanced assessments in sensory motor rehabilitation.” While these methods focus on our published work utilizing the device, ACT3D, these methods can be duplicated using any mechatronic device with the appropriate characteristics. The common thread and most important aspect of the methods described is addressing the deleterious effects of abduction loading. Distal upper extremity joint performance is directly and monotonically modulated by proximal (shoulder abduction) joint demands. The employment of robotic metrics is the best tool for selectively manipulating shoulder abduction task requirements spanning the individual’s full range of shoulder abduction strength. From the series of methods and the concluding recommendations, scientists and clinicians can determine the ideal robotic quantification method for the measurement of the impact of loss of independent joint control on reaching and hand function.
Three-dimensional metasurfaces

The concept of a three-dimensional metasurface is introduced. Three-dimensional metasurfaces are electrically-thin structures that utilize longitudinally polarized surface currents, which can enable properties that are not possible using only transverse surface currents. These new surfaces provide unprecedented wavefront controlling capabilities by breaking the inherent symmetry of previous metasurface designs.
Where Bioethics Went Wrong

Only a few decades ago, bioethics was born amongst a small group of people from different disciplines who wrote and lectured about problems in which they shared an interest. In only a short time, a common interest became an independent subject – bioethics. Bioethics quickly acquired an intellectual program – one might even say orthodoxy – whose essentials remain virtually unchanged. As Renee Fox writes, “from the outset, the conceptual framework of bioethics has accorded paramount status to the value-complex of individualism, underscoring the principles of individual rights, autonomy, self-determination, and their legal expression in the jurisprudential notion of privacy.” Astonishingly, in only a few decades bioethicists have persuaded legislatures, courts, and administrative agencies to put many elements of their autonomy principle into law. A few examples: Every time doctors treat a patient, they must secure the patient’s informed consent. Every time patients first encounter a doctor or hospital, they must be given information about their rights and risks under the privacy rules of HIPAA. Every time patients enter a hospital or nursing home, they must be told about advance directives. Every time patients cannot make their own decisions, decisions are made for them in the context of legal rules about living wills, durable powers of attorney, agents, and substituted judgment. Every time researchers want to study people, they must get a license from one of the thousands of agencies (IRBs) that review research for its compliance with requirements for informed consent, privacy, conflicts of interest, research design, and increasingly more. The list could go on, and there are numerous proposals for extending it. Amidst all this activity, one question now calls out for answers – does all this work? Does the law of bioethics accomplish its purposes? Do its benefits outweigh its costs? Much of that law has now been in place long enough to have permitted scholars to study the law’s workings empirically, often quite extensively. So the raw material for this evaluation is available, sometimes abundantly. A few attempts to evaluate particular programs have been undertaken, but no serious attempt has been made to look globally at the ambitious agenda bioethics has put into law. In this essay, I sketch a way in which that attempt might be made, speculate about what that attempt is likely to find, and propose more fruitful paths for bioethical policy to pursue.
Impact of aspirin use on the incidence of head and neck cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

1546Background: In addition to its widely accepted role in cardiovascular disease, aspirin use has been associated with decreased risk of several malignancies, especially colorectal cancer. The United States Preventive Task Force has recently updated their guidelines and added colorectal cancer prevention as an added benefit to aspirin use. However, the impact of aspirin use on the risk of cancers of the head and neck (HNC) has not been reviewed previously. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was performed to identify studies which evaluated the relationship between aspirin use and risk of cancers of the head and neck. Case-control studies and cohort studies were both included in the review. Random effects model was use to estimate a pooled effect size and the inconsistency index (I2) was used to estimate heterogeneity between included studies. We hypothesized that tobacco users are more likely to be prescribed aspirin and also had an increased risk for HNC and thus planned a sensitivity ana...
Survival after recurrence of stage I-III breast, colorectal, or lung cancer.

Abstract Background The experiences of patients with recurrent cancer are assumed to reflect those of patients with de novo stage IV disease; yet, little is truly known because most registries lack recurrence status. Using two databases with excellent recurrence and death information, we examined determinants of survival duration after recurrence of breast (BC), colorectal (CRC), and lung cancers (LC). Methods Recurrence status was abstracted from the medical records of patients who participated in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance study and who received care at two Cancer Research Network sites—the Colorado and Northwest regions of Kaiser Permanente. The analysis included 1653 patients who developed recurrence after completing definitive therapy for stages I–III cancer. Multivariable modeling identified independent determinants of survival duration after recurrence, controlling for other factors. Results Through 60 months’ average follow-up, survival after recurrence for BC, CRC, and LC were 28.4, 23.1 and 16.1 months, respectively. Several factors were independently associated with shorter survival for all three cancers, including higher initial stage (III vs. I: BC −9.9 months; CRC −6.9 months; LC −7.4 months; P ≤ 0.01). Factors associated with shorter survival for selected cancers included: distant/regional recurrence for BC and CRC; current/former smoker for LC; high grade for CRC; and Conclusions Initial stage predicts survival duration after recurrence, whereas time-to-recurrence usually does not. The impact of biologic characteristics (e.g., grade, hormone-receptor status) on survival duration after recurrence needs further study. Predictors of survival duration after recurrence may help facilitate patient decision-making.
Networked Technologies for Fostering Novel Forms of Student Interaction in High School Mathematics Classrooms

This chapter examines novel forms of mathematics teaching, learning, and classroom interaction supported by local networks of handheld calculators and computers. I present examples from research projects that use classroom networks to facilitate student participation in both small-group collaboration and in whole-class interactive activities.
The development of a massive open online course during the 2014-15 Ebola virus disease epidemic.

Abstract Purpose Timely training was urgently needed at the onset of the 2014 Ebola virus disease epidemic. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have grown in popularity, though little is known about their utility in time-sensitive situations, including infectious disease outbreaks. Methods We created the first English language massive open online course on Ebola virus disease. Designed by a team representing various units of Emory University and six partner institutions, the six module course was aimed at a global general audience but also relevant for health care professionals. Results Over 7,000 learners from 170 countries participated in the initial course offering. More than a third of learners were from emerging economies, including seven percent from Africa, and another 13% from countries outside the United States who received individuals requiring treatment for Ebola virus disease. Conclusions Creating and producing the first English language MOOC on EVD in a short time period required effective collaboration and strong coordination between subject matter and course development experts from Emory. Through these collaborative efforts, the development team was able to provide urgently needed training and educational materials while the epidemic of EVD continued to radiate through West Africa.
Mandatory Student Fees and the Academic Library

ABSTRACTAs academic libraries' budgets remain flat while their expenditures rise, library leaders must seek out alternative sources of funding. One option is a mandatory student fee dedicated to the library. This article presents the results of a survey of 152 deans and directors of public R1 and R2 research universities that were asked whether their libraries benefit from mandatory student fees. While a library-specific fee is unusual, nearly half of responding libraries are eligible to receive some portion of another mandatory student fee. Study results can serve as evidence for libraries preparing to make a case for the significant, positive impact possible through even a modest library fee.
Household food insecurity and future orientation of Ghanaian youth and their parents

ABSTRACTFood insecurity heightens risk for poor mental health and psychosocial functioning. Higher levels of future orientation influence numerous desirable behaviors. However, limited evidence exists on the association between food insecurity and future orientation, particularly in low-resource settings. The objective of this study was to examine the association between food insecurity and future orientation of Ghanaian youth and their parents. The study included a cross-sectional sample of 2656 youth and 2656 parents from 8 of Ghana’s 10 regions. Food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Future orientation in the Ghanaian context was measured using three distinct factors adapted from the School Success Profile and the Consideration of Future Consequences scale. We analyzed our data using hierarchical linear modeling, with a three-level linear random-intercept model with covariates. Results suggest an inverse relationship between food insecurity and future orientation...
The Cloister, Mystic Privations and the Conflictive Negotiation of Subjectivity in Lastenia Larriva de Llona’s Un drama singular (1888)

During the nineteenth century an increase in the number of Hispanic women writers offered readers a diversity of opinions on the texts they published. Beginning in the 1870s in Peru, crucial authors such as Clorinda Matto de Turner and Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera provided readers with new perspectives on women’s roles that have been popular with modern critics, but their views formed only part of the conversation. Peruvian Lastenia Larriva de Llona figures as one of the more conservative women of this generation, but her novel Un drama singular (1888), while problematic, still offers a subtle critique of society’s poor treatment of women. By examining Larriva de Llona’s writing through the lens of her Catholic faith, I show how religious practices such as cloistering and asceticism elucidate the novel’s relationship to a tradition of religious women’s writing and highlight society’s mistreatment of marginalized women, unveiling a distinct perspective for readers.
Nitrogen Fertilization of Soybean Affects Root Growth and Nodulation on Two Soil Types in Mississippi

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of nitrogen (N) sources [urea + ​N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, NBPT (urease inhibitor) and polymer-coated urea (PCU)] and rates on...
Survey on the Contemporary Management of Intraoperative Urethral Injuries During Penile Prosthesis Implantation.

Abstract Background Intraoperative urethral injury is an uncommon event during the placement of a penile prosthesis, and alternative management strategies have been proposed with continuation of implantation after urethral injury. Aim To evaluate surgeon practices in the management of intraoperative urethral injury. Methods An online survey was sent to the society listservs of the Genitourinary Reconstructive Surgeons (GURS) and the Sexual Medicine Society of North America (SMSNA). Physicians were queried on their fellowship training, experience with penile prosthesis implantation, and management of urethral injuries during prosthesis placement. The response data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). The χ2 test and Fisher exact test were used to determine associations between variables. Outcomes Survey responses. Results 131 survey responses were analyzed. Of the responders, 41.2% were GURS fellowship trained, 19.1% were SMSNA trained, 30.5% were non-fellowship trained, and 9.2% were trained in other fellowships. 25.4% of participants performed more than 50 implantations per year, 37.7% performed 20 to 50 per year, and 36.9% performed fewer than 20 per year. Urethral injury during prosthesis implantation was uncommon, with 26.2% reporting 0 injury, 58.5% reporting 1 to 3 injuries, and 15.4% reporting more than 3 career injuries. Injuries were most commonly encountered during corporal dilation (71.1%) compared with corporal exposure (12.5%) or penile straightening maneuvers (7.0%). There was no statistically significant difference with aborting or continuing implantation among GURS-trained, SMSNA-trained, other fellowship-trained, and non–fellowship-trained surgeons. Of all responders, 55% would abort the procedure after distal urethral injury, whereas 45% would continue the procedure with unilateral or bilateral insertion of cylinders. Patient factors that increased likelihood of terminating the procedure in the case of urethral injury included immunosuppression, spinal cord injury, and clean intermittent catheterization dependence. Clinical Implications A urethral injury during penile prosthesis implantation might not mandate termination of the procedure despite classic teaching. Strengths and Limitations The strength of this study is that it provides difficult to obtain epidemiologic data on the frequency and management of this clinically significant injury. Limitations include the inherent biases from a survey-based study including response bias and recall bias. The survey response rate could not be obtained. Conclusion Urethral injury during penile prosthesis implantation is a rare but clinically significant risk of the procedure, with many variations in management of the injury. Termination and delayed implantation might not be necessary after injury, although long-term outcome data are difficult to obtain. Sexton SJ, Granieri MA, Lentz AC. Survey on the Contemporary Management of Intraoperative Urethral Injuries During Penile Prosthesis Implantation. J Sex Med 2018;15:576–581.
Are Shorter Durations of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Acceptable Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Much debate has centered on whether or not the standard 12-month duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is still necessary postpercutaneous coronary intervention, given recent improvements in stent technology. The benefits of shorter (3-6 months) durations of DAPT include a potential lower risk for bleeding and less patient drug cost and pill burden. Although randomized clinical trials have shown noninferiority for shorter versus longer DAPT regimens in many regards, some endpoints (e.g., myocardial infarction) may still occur less frequently with longer DAPT regimens, particularly in higher risk populations (e.g., acute coronary syndromes). Bleeding risk is either comparable or less with shorter versus longer DAPT regimens. Given the lack of unequivocal data regarding the equality of shorter versus longer DAPT regimens in all patients, there is a growing consensus that an individualized approach is advisable for determining DAPT duration postpercutaneous coronary intervention. Clinical decision aids and updated clinical practice guidelines are available that consider risk:benefit ratios and clinical trial data to assist the clinician in developing a personalized DAPT regimen.
Serum Phosphate Concentrations: A Novel Pre-Clinical Biomarker for Cardiovascular Calcification

Calcific aortic valve disease is the most common indication for surgical valve replacement in the United States. However, the number of patients that go undiagnosed is staggering ([1][1]). During the past decade, the risk factors and emerging methods of diagnosis are increasing rapidly as novel
Core Concepts in Ecology

In this chapter I present some basic characteristics of ecosystems and core concepts of ecology. The purpose of this presentation is twofold. Firstly, the introduction of the core concepts of ecology provides a basis for criticism of analogies from ecology used frequently in the discussion of economic systems and their interaction with the environment. This criticism is provided in Chapter 7. Secondly, some of the basic characteristics of ecosystems and core concepts of ecology are used for the development of the models presented in Part IV of this study.
Dynamic Evanescent Phonon Coupling Across the La 1 − x Sr x MnO 3 / SrTiO 3 Interface

The transport and magnetic properties of correlated ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.53}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.47}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ ultrathin films, grown epitaxially on $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, show a sharp cusp at the structural transition temperature of the substrate. Using a combination of experiment and first principles theory we show that the cusp is a result of evanescent cross-interface coupling between the charge carriers in the film and a soft phonon mode in the $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, mediated through linked oxygen octahedral motions. The amplitude of the mode diverges at the transition temperature, and phonons are launched into the first few atomic layers of the film, affecting its electronic state.
Education for Gifted and Talented Children

‘Gifted children’ are those who are academically precocious, learn rapidly and easily, and comprehend new concepts at advanced, abstract and theoretical levels. ‘Talented children’ are those who show advanced ability or proficiency in a particular area of the arts, academic domains, social and/or leadership skills, or vocational abilities. Gifted and talented children need and profit from accelerated and advanced learning experiences commensurate with their levels of giftedness and/or talent. Those learning experiences call for special curricula and teachers able to instruct at gifted and talented students' levels of achievement and speed of learning. Such children profit from association in learning activities with other students of similar giftedness and/or talent. Parents also play key roles in the lives of gifted and talented children, and role models may have powerful influences on the development of gifts and talents, especially as motivators for high-level achievement and the attainment of excellence in specific fields. Major problems of gifted and talented children are negative peer influences, impoverished home environments, early and persistent underachievement, and lack of supportive role models.
Abstract 3366: APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases in sensitizing triple-negative breast cancer cells to cisplatin and carboplatin

Cisplatin is a DNA damaging chemotherapeutic which forms interstrand crosslinks (ICL) and intrastrand adducts that induce replication fork collapse and lead to apoptosis. These adduct sites can be repaired through several repair pathways, the most important being nucleotide excision repair (NER). Cisplatin and carboplatin ICLs form a unique structure that forces cytosines flanking the adduct site to become extrahelical. Our lab has previously shown that base excision repair (BER) and mismatch repair (MMR) mediate sensitivity to cisplatin and carboplatin as a consequence of nonproductive processing of DNA flanking the ICL structure. The APOBEC3 (A3) protein family of cytidine deaminases have recently been implicated in cancer development and have potential to deaminate the extrahelical cytosines formed by cisplatin ICLs. Polβ knockdown MDA-MB-231 cells are resistant to cisplatin in vivo compared to wild-type cells (p Citation Format: Kayla L. Conner, Asra N. Shaik, Jordan White, Wen Lei, Michele L. Cote, Steve M. Patrick. APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases in sensitizing triple-negative breast cancer cells to cisplatin and carboplatin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3366.
Purification and translation in public memory: “Healing the landscape” at the Flight 93 National Memorial

Abstract In order to investigate the role of the material in public memory, this paper examines the National Park Service's General Management Plan/Environmental Impact Statement (GMP/EIS) for the creation of the Flight 93 Memorial in Shanksville, PA, the location of one of the 9/11 sites where passengers and crew aboard an airliner were killed when it crashed into a legacy coal mining site in southwestern Pennsylvania. The analysis uses a discourse analytic approach to treat the GMP/EIS as a textual artifact reflecting the discursive work of purification and translation in public memory necessary in order to sustain the distinction between the sacred and profane. We draw upon actor-network theory (ANT) to devise a rhetorical-analytic method capable of examining the dialectical qualities within the work of memorialization. Our analysis has implications for environmental discourses and other places at the intersection of science, collective memory, and the public sphere, as the articulation of the sacred and the profane within the document opens up a space for the political as the coordination of disparate elements within a larger whole.
The rhinologist's role in the management of rathke's cleft cysts.

Purpose of review To review the recent literature regarding the growing role of rhinologists and otolaryngologists with neurosurgeons in the joint multidisciplinary team approach for managing patients with Rathke's cleft cysts (RCC). Recent findings The transnasal endoscopic approach to the skull base has become relatively mainstream for surgical treatment of RCCs. Suprasellar lesions, especially those that are purely suprasellar, are associated with higher recurrence rates, though an extended approach may improve dissection and access and therefore aid in lesion removal. Endoscopic cyst drainage is a well tolerated and effective way to treat RCC, and often avoids the postoperative endocrinopathies associated with complete cyst wall removal. Novel techniques have been described for maintaining tract patency, including the use of stents and flaps, in order to prevent cyst stenosis and reaccumulation. A frontier in skull base surgery is in applications for pediatric patients, and managing RCCs in this population surgically appears to be associated with positive outcomes overall. Summary Team-based endoscopic skull base surgery has spurred advances in our understanding of skull base disease, including RCCs. Optimal outcomes are most apparent when the experience and technique of both the endoscopist and neurosurgeon have developed jointly over time.
Abstract TP189: Diagnosis and Treatment Trends of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in a Large Observational Cohort

Background: Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT) is an increasingly recognized etiology of a wide array of neurological presentations ranging from headache to coma with limited treatment options. Here,...
Rough Around the Edges: Lessons Learned and Future Directions in Marine Edge Effects Studies

After several decades of research on edge effects in marine habitats, we still have little understanding of how organisms respond to marine ecotones, and methodological gaps appear to be limiting our progress. Using recent literature (2010–2018), we synthesized responses and processes of organisms across several marine habitats. Specifically, we examined the uniformity of studies across biogenic habitats, the scales selected for exploring edge effects, the experimental approaches used, and the confounding influences that muddle our interpretation of results. The majority of edge effect studies are still conducted in seagrass systems and focused on response patterns. We found that the majority of studies were equally likely to report an increase, decrease, neutral, or equivocal effect depending on the context of the organism or habitat. Additionally, only a single measure, or a few related responses, is assessed and causal mechanisms are rarely tested. We note that most studies quantitatively defined an edge habitat as a linear distance from a habitat boundary (e.g., < 1 m, < 5 m), but the distances were not usually scaled to the size, trophic level, or mobility of focal organisms. We provide a conceptual diagram as a roadmap for researchers for navigating the myriad influences that affect floral and faunal responses to marine habitat edges. Future efforts should seek to move beyond mensurative searches, explicitly incorporate potentially confounding variables, and more consistently test putative causal factors when known or hypothesized. Additionally, we advise expanding research on habitat types other than seagrasses (e.g., mangroves, shellfish, corals) and adjusting observational scales to more appropriately match mechanisms. Ultimately, we should move beyond pattern description, repeated in a limited subset of nearshore habitats, and toward a quantitative understanding of the processes acting in these unique and potentially impactful marine ecotones.
Initial Housing Choices Made by Low-Income and Minority Homebuyers

This article presents information on the initial housing choices that low-income and minority first-time homebuyers made. These characteristics are of interest because they influence the extent to which the longrun financial and social benefits of homeownership are realized. Of particular interest are the millions of low-income and minority households that bought their first home during the homeownership boom that began in the early 1990s. Much of the information presented in this article is derived from tabulations from the American Housing Surveys (AHSs) from 1991 through 2003, with some information on housing costs and mortgage choices updated from the 2005 AHS. The AHS, a national survey conducted in every odd-numbered year, is a rich source of information on characteristics of the U.S. housing stock and is one of the few sources of information on first-time homebuyers.
1.25 – Alkaloids

This chapter begins by briefly highlighting the history and properties of alkaloid natural products. A summary of the major classes of alkaloids from plants, fungi and bacteria is presented along with representative examples of the major alkaloid types. The chapter focuses on the detailed mechanism of plant-based alkaloid biosynthesis. An overview of alkaloid biosynthesis is presented, and a detailed discussion of the best-characterized classes of alkaloids, namely, tetrahydroisoquinolines, monoterpene indole alkaloids, tropane alkaloids and caffeine, is provided.
Clinical characteristics and response to supervised exercise therapy of people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease.

Abstract Background Among people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD), little is known about variation in response to supervised exercise therapy (SET). Clinical characteristics associated with greater responsiveness to SET have not been identified. Methods Data from participants with PAD in two randomized clinical trials comparing SET vs nonexercising control were combined. The exercise intervention consisted of three times weekly supervised treadmill exercise. The control groups received lectures on health-related topics. Results Of 309 unique participants randomized (mean age, 67.9 years [standard deviation, 9.3 years]; 132 [42.7%] women; 185 [59.9%] black), 285 (92%) completed 6-month follow-up. Compared with control, those randomized to SET improved 6-minute walk distance by 35.6 meters (95% confidence interval, 21.4-49.8; P Conclusions Among people with PAD, substantial variability exists in walking improvement after SET. Shorter 6-minute walk distance at baseline was associated with greater improvement after SET, but other clinical characteristics, including age, sex, prior lower extremity revascularization, and disease severity, did not affect responsiveness to exercise therapy.
Colloidal Synthesis of Nanohelices via Bilayer Lattice Misfit.

Helical structures are ubiquitous in natural and synthetic materials across multiple length scales. Excellent and sometimes unusual chiral optical, mechanical, and sensing properties have been prev...