cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parenting Stress Among Child Welfare Involved Families: Differences by Child Placement

The intersection of parenting stress and maltreatment underscores the importance of understanding the factors associated with parenting stress among child welfare involved families. This study takes advantage of a statewide survey of child welfare involved families to examine parent and child characteristics and concrete resources, in relation to parenting stress. Separate multivariate analyses were conducted by placement status given the difference in day-to-day parenting responsibilities for families receiving in-home supervision compared to those whose children are in out-of-home care. Across both groups, parenting stress was predicted by child mental health, a finding with critical implications for intervention to this vulnerable group of families. Parent mental health also predicted parenting stress for the in-home group and food insecurity predicted parenting stress in the out-of-home group. Findings confirm that stress varies by context and that a multi-dimensional framework, considering both psychosocial and concrete resources, is required to capture contributors to parenting stress.
A Novel Approach to Quantify Alterations in Ventricular Principal Strain Vectors Secondary to Ischemic Injury

Accurate assessment of regional and global left ventricular (LV) function is critical for understanding ischemic heart disease. The orientation and the magnitude of the myocardial principal strains have been shown to be sensitive to ischemic development [1]. Combing MR tagging, cardiac mechanics, and computer visualization, this study presents a novel method to fully characterize the alterations in the magnitude and orientations of principal strains in the LV post-infarct.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Vertical transmission in epidemic models of sexually transmitted diseases with isolation from reproduction

We describe a population logistic model exposed to a mild life-long sexually transmitted disease, that is, without significant increased mortality among infected individuals and providing no immunity/recovery. We then modify this model to include groups isolated from sexual contact and analyze their potential effect on the dynamics of the population. We are interested in how the isolated class may curb the growth of the infected group while keeping the healthy population at acceptable levels. In particular, we analyze the connection between vertical transmission and isolation from reproduction on the long term behavior of the disease. A comparison with similar effects caused by vaccination and quarantine is also provided.
Understanding using the Haling Power Depletion (HPD) as a guide for designing PWR cores

Abstract The Pennsylvania State University (PSU) is using the university version of the Studsvik Scandpower Code System (CMS) for research and education purposes. Preparations have been made to incorporate the CMS codes into the PSU Nuclear Engineering graduate class “Nuclear Fuel Management” course. The information presented in this paper has been developed during two phases of preparation of the material for the course. In the first phase, the Haling Power Depletion (HPD) was presented in the course for the first time. The HPD method has been criticized as not valid by many in the field even though it has been successfully applied at PSU for the past 20 years. It was noticed during the first phase that the radial power distribution (RPD) for low leakage cores during depletion remained similar to that of the HPD during most of the cycle and have close maximum normalized power values (NPmax’s) and cycle lengths. Thus, the Haling Power Depletion (HPD) may be used as a guide for conveniently designing mainly low leakage PWR cores because the HPD and actual core are similar. Studies were then made to better understand the HPD. Many different core configurations can be computed quickly with the HPD without using Burnable Poisons (BPs) to produce several excellent low leakage core configurations that are viable for power production. The first phase covered the solution to design a low leakage core for a cycle length of 16 GWD/MTU. Once the HPD core configuration is chosen as a potential core, it is followed by establishing a BP design to prevent violating any of the safety constraints during depletion. The problem to design a core for a cycle length of 18 GWD/MTU was not covered in the first phase. However, this cycle length has now been found to be beyond the scope of the course. Consequently, the cycle length is now assigned to be 17 GWD/MTU and the solution to this problem is covered in the second phase. Adding more BPs in this core for a solution than in phase one was more difficult to design. Consequently, techniques using the HPD results have been developed to help guide efficiently the placing of BPs in the core for a good solution. In this paper, the results of both phases of preparation for the course are presented.
Role of shock intensity in the learned helplessness paradigm

Although there have been many studies of the interference effect produced by exposure to inescapable shock, little is known about the role of shock intensity. This experiment factorially manipulated four levels of shock intensity during exposure to inescapable shock and three levels of intensity during the test for interference. Interference occurred at each training shock intensity when training and test shocks were similar. Interference was not obtained when training intensity was high but testing intensity low or medium or when training intensity was low or medium and test intensity was high. These findings pose problems for learned helplessness, learned inactivity, competing motor response, and catecholamine depletion hypotheses of the interference effect in the rat.
The Management Science/Operations Research Industrial-Academic Interface

An analysis of how directors of the MS/OR function in industry view the industrial-academic interfaces of 1 professional journals, 2 professional societies, and 3 the directors' hiring practices replicates a study by Cox, Ledbetter and Smith [1978], allowing comparisons to be made and changing views to be identified. Questionnaires were sent to the MS/OR managers of the 500 largest US industrial corporations. The response rate was approximately 19 percent. Characteristics of the directors were investigated, the three interfaces were examined, and implications for academicians and practitioners were identified.
Ganterite, the barium mica Ba0.5K0.5Al2(Al1.5Si2.5)O10(OH)2, from Oreana, Nevada

The hand specimen, Caltech reference collection number CIT 1547, comes from the Lincoln Hill dumortierite deposit in the Humboldt Range located near Oreana, Pershing County, Nevada (Kerr and Jenny 1935). It is an approximately 7 cm hand specimen that is composed of small crystals of light-blue dumortierite associated with veins of cream-white barite and local areas of pale-lavender dumortierite. Polished thin sections of the specimen showed that the dumortierite and barite are intimately intermixed with a Þ ne-grained micaceous mineral. Back-scattered electron (BSE) images were obtained with a LEO 1550VP Þ eld emission SEM and a JEOL 733 electron microprobe. Regions enriched in heavy elements were subjected to detailed quantitative elemental microanalyses conducted with the JEOL 733 electron microprobe operated at 15 kV and 25 nA with a beam diameter of 1 ∝m. Standards for the analysis were albite (NaKα), microcline (KKα), anorthite (SiKα, AlKα, CaKα), rutile (TiKα), forsterite (MgKα), fayalite (FeKα), tephroite (MnKα), and benitoite (BaLα). Analyses were processed with the CITZAF correction procedure (Armstrong 1995). The electron microprobe data of the micas were carefully veriÞ ed to assure that no contamination from barite was present. Electron-backscatter diffraction (ESBD) analyses at a sub-micrometer scale were preformed using an HKL EBSD system on the LEO 1550VP, operated at 20 kV and 1 nA in a focused beam with a 70° tilted stage. The EBSD system was calibrated using a single crystal Si standard. Cell constants for the Ba mica were obtained by matching experimental EBSD pattern with modiÞ ed 2M1 muscovite structures. Raman spectroscopic microanalysis was carried out using a Renishaw M1000 micro-Raman spectrometer system on portions of the sample in thin section previously identiÞ ed as Ba-rich through BSE images. Approximately 1 mw of 514.5 nm laser illumination (at the sample) focused with a 100· objective lens provided satisfactory spectra. The spot size was about 2 ∝m. Analyses were also conducted on regions identiÞ ed with a low-Ba content. Peak positions were calibrated against an Si standard. A dual-wedge polarization scrambler was used in the laser beam for all spectra.
Dynamics of light and heavy bound quarks

A simple relativistic potential model is constructed in order to describe meson spectroscopy in a unified way, encompassing both light- and heavy-quark systems. A linear potential, transforming as the fourth component of a vector potential, is assumed in accordance with quark-confinement mechanisms appropriate to gauge theories. Scaling arguments are used to derive the Regge behavior of the model. We present evidence that the forces which confine quarks are essentially independent of quark species. The over-all systematics of our predictions for meson energy levels and leptonic decay widths give support to the usefulness of the model. We comment on the application of asymptotic freedom as a means of estimating decay rates which violate the Okubo - Zweig - Iizuka rule.
Linking community and spirit: a commentary and some propositions

This paper argues that community is a necessary element of spirituality. Community is based on connectedness and a healthy interdependence. Using Wilber’s integrative framework, I argue for three propositions linking community and spirituality: people need to belong to communities where they can make meaningful contributions building a better world; organizational prosperity and survival depend on building in structures and relationships that permit people to make meaningful contributions and fulfill the fundamentally spiritual need for community; and we need collaboration as much as competition to survive as the interconnectedness of the world grows more apparent.
Temporal dynamics of dissolved combined neutral sugars and the quality of dissolved organic matter in the Northwestern Sargasso Sea

Abstract The dynamics of dissolved combined neutral sugars (DCNS) were assessed in the upper 250 m at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site between 2001 and 2004. Our results reveal a regular annual pattern of DCNS accumulation with concentrations increasing at a rate of 0.009–0.012 μmol C L −1 d −1 in the surface 40 m from March to July and reaching maximum mean concentrations of 2.2–3.3 μmol C L −1 . Winter convective mixing (between January and March) annually exported surface-accumulated DCNS to the upper mesopelagic zone (100–250 m), as concentrations increased there by 0.3–0.6 μmol C L −1 . The exported DCNS was subsequently removed over a period of weeks following restratification of the water column. Vertical and temporal trends in DCNS yield (% of DOC) supported its use as a diagenetic indicator of DOM quality. Higher DCNS yields in surface waters suggested a portion of the DOM accumulated relatively recently compared to the more recalcitrant material of the upper mesopelagic that had comparably lower yields. DCNS yields and mol% neutral sugar content, together, indicated differences in the diagenetic state of the surface-accumulated and deep pools of DOM. Seasonally accumulated, recently produced DOM with higher DCNS yields was characterized by elevated mol% of galactose and mannose+xylose levels. Conversely, more recalcitrant DOM from depths >100 m had lower DCNS yields but higher mol% of glucose. Lower DCNS yields and elevated mol% glucose were also observed in the surface waters during winter convective mixing, indicating an entrainment of a diagenetically altered DOM pool into the upper 100 m. A multivariate statistical analysis confirms the use of DCNS as an index of shifts in DOM quality at this site.
Collisional excitation of CO by H2O - An astrophysicist's guide to obtaining rate constants from coherent anti-Stokes Raman line shape data

Rate constants for excitation of CO by collisions with H2O are needed to understand recent observations of comet spectra. These collision rates are closely related to spectral line shape parameters, especially those for Raman Q-branch spectra. Because such spectra have become quite important for thermometry applications, much effort has been invested in understanding this process. Although it is not generally possible to extract state-to-state rate constants directly from the data as there are too many unknowns, if the matrix of state-to-state rates can be expressed in terms of a rate-law model which depends only on rotational quantum numbers plus a few parameters, the parameters can be determined from the data; this has been done with some success for many systems, especially those relevant to combustion processes. Although such an analysis has not yet been done for CO-H2O, this system is expected to behave similarly to N2-H2O which has been well studies; modifications of parameters for the latter system are suggested which should provide a reasonable description of rate constants for the former.
Anthemis samariensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new species from the mountains of W Kriti (Greece)

Turland, N. J.: Anthemis samariensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new species from the mountains of W Kriti (Greece). — Willdenowia 38: 61–69. —ISSN 0511-9618; © 2008 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.38.38103 (available via http://dx.doi.org/)Anthemis samariensis is described as a new species, illustrated and compared with other taxa. This perennial chasmophyte belonging to the large A. cretica complex was discovered in 2007 on high-altitude cliffs in the Lefka Ori (White Mountains) of W Kriti (Crete). From the same area, two new localities are reported for the critically endangered Bupleurum kakiskalae (Apiaceae). IUCN Red List categories are discussed for both species. In addition, Alyssum lassiticum (Brassicaceae) is reported for the first time from the Lefka Ori.
Pre-mortem diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by detection of abnormal cerebrospinal fluid proteins

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) may be difficult to diagnose early or when it has an atypical presentation. We describe two patients with progressive dementia in whom the results of diagnostic brain biopsies were unhelpful. Spinal fluid from these patients, analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis, contained two abnormal proteins (Nos. 130 and 131, with relative molecular masses of 26,000 and 29,000 daltons and isoelectric points of 5.2 and 5.1). These findings suggested a provisional diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which was confirmed in both patients at autopsy. Detection of these abnormal cerebrospinal fluid proteins appears to be a valuable laboratory adjunct in evaluating patients with an unexplained progressive dementia.
Reactive disulfide compounds induce Ca2+ release from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Abstract Reactive disulfide compounds (RDSs) with a pyridyl ring adjacent to a disulfide bond, 2,2′dithiodipyridine (2,2′ DTDP) and 4,4′ dithiodipyridine (4,4′ DTDP), induce Ca 2+ release from isolated canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles. RDSs are absolutely specific to free sulfhydryl (SH) groups and oxidize SH sites of low p K a via a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction, with the stoichiometric production of thiopyridone in the medium. As in skeletal SR, this reaction caused large increases in the Ca 2+ permeability of cardiac SR and the number of SH sites oxidized by RDSs was kinetically and quantitatively measured through the absorption o f thiopyridone. RDS-induced Ca 2+ release from cardiac SR was characterized and compared to the action of RDSs on skeletal SR and to Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release, (i) RDS-induced Ca 2+ release from cardiac SR was dependent on ionized Mg 2+ , with maximum rates of release occurring at 0.5 and 1 m m Mg free 2+ for 2,2′ DTDP and 4,4′ DTDP, respectively, (ii) In the presence of adenine nucleotides (0.1–1 m m ), the oxidation of SH sites in cardiac SR by exogenously added RDS was inhibited, which, in turn, inhibited Ca 2+ release induced by RDSs. (iii) Conversely, when the oxidation reaction between RDSs and cardiac SR was completed and Ca 2+ release pathways were opened, subsequent additions of adenine nucleotides stimulated Ca 2+ efflux induced by RDSs. (iv) Sulfhydryl reducing agents (e.g., dithiothreitol, DTT, 1–5 m m ) inhibited RDS-induced Ca 2+ efflux in a concentration-dependent manner, (v) RDSs elicited Ca 2+ efflux from passively loaded cardiac SR vesicles (i.e., with nonfunctional Ca 2+ pumps in the absence of Mg-ATP) and stimulated Ca 2+ -dependent ATPase activity, which indicated that RDS uncoupled Ca 2+ uptake and did not act at the Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ -ATPase. These results indicate that RDSs selectively oxidize critical sulfhydryl site(s) on or adjacent to a Ca 2+ release channel protein channel and thereby trigger Ca 2+ release. Conversely, reduction of these sites reverses the effects of RDSs by closing Ca 2+ release channels, which results in active Ca 2+ reuptake by Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ -ATPase. These compounds can thus provide a method to covalently label and identify the protein involved in Ca 2+ release from cardiac SR.
Wound Healing Angiogenesis: Innovations and Challenges in Acute and Chronic Wound Healing.

Background: Formation of new blood vessels, by either angiogenesis or vasculogenesis, is critical for normal wound healing. Major processes in neovascularization include (i) growth-promoting or survival factors, (ii) proteolytic enzymes, (iii) activators of multiple differentiated and progenitor cell types, and (iv) permissible microenvironments. A central aim of wound healing research is to “convert” chronic, disease-impaired wounds into those that will heal. The problem: Reduced ability to re-establish a blood supply to the injury site can ultimately lead to wound chronicity. Basic/Clinical Science Advances: (1) Human fetal endothelial progenitor cells can stimulate wound revascularization and repair following injury, as demonstrated in a novel mouse model of diabetic ischemic healing. (2) Advances in bioengineering reveal exciting alternatives by which wound repair may be facilitated via the creation of vascularized microfluidic networks within organ constructs created ex vivo for wound implantation. (...
The structure at 1.6 Angstroms resolution of the protein product of the At4g34215 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana.

The crystal structure of the At4g34215 protein of Arabidopsis thaliana was determined by molecular replacement and refined to an R factor of 14.6% (Rfree = 18.3%) at 1.6 A resolution. The crystal structure confirms that At4g34215 belongs to the SGNH-hydrolase superfamily of enzymes. The catalytic triad of the enzyme comprises residues Ser31, His238 and Asp235. In this structure the catalytic serine residue was found to be covalently modified, possibly by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The structure also reveals a previously undescribed variation within the active site. The conserved asparagine from block III, which provides a hydrogen bond for an oxyanion hole in the SGNH-hydrolase superfamily enzymes, is missing in At4g34215 and is functionally replaced by Gln30 from block I. This residue is positioned in a catalytically competent conformation by nearby residues, including Gln159, Gly160 and Glu161, which are fully conserved in the carbohydrate esterase family 6 enzymes.
Discovery of the Ordovician Millbrig K-bentonite Bed in the Trenton Group of New York State: implications for regional correlation and sequence stratigraphy in eastern North America

The Ordovician (Chatfieldian) Millbrig K-bentonite Bed is a key stratigraphic marker horizon that is regionally synchronous over much of eastern and central North America. This prominent marker is an independent source of correlation among the major chronostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic units in this region. The general stratigraphic position of the Millbrig K-bentonite has suggested to some authors that it is identical with the Hounsfield K-bentonite at Dexter, New York (the traditional type area of the Middle Ordovician, or Mohawkian Series in North America), but previously available geochemical and biostratigraphical evidence has been insufficient to confirm this correlation. Analyses of apatites and melt inclusions in quartz phenocrysts from the Millbrig K-bentonite at eight localities in Kentucky, Missouri, Virginia, and Pennsylvania and the Hounsfield K-bentonite at its type locality at Dexter, New York, using high-precision electron microprobe analysis techniques shows that the Millbrig and the Hounsfield have identical apatite and melt inclusion chemistry indicating a geochemical correlation. This correlation is supported by conodont biostratigraphy, and δ13C isotope chemostratigraphy. The new data demonstrate that the Millbrig K-bentonite, and therefore the base of the Chatfieldian Stage of the North American Mohawkian Series (by definition), lies very close to the base of the traditional Rocklandian Stage of New York. Furthermore, the Millbrig K-bentonite Bed lies in close proximity to the base of the Taconic supersequence over much of the Midcontinent region and in particular lies just below the M5 sequence boundary recognized in Kentucky and Tennessee. Our results permit extension of the Chatfieldian sequences into New York State and southern Ontario, and contributes to the resolution of the long-standing uncertainty about the position of the base of the Trenton Group in Ontario. Furthermore, viewed in a broad context of regional stratigraphic relations, we conclude that our results suggest that the persistent correlation difficulties reflect diachronous effects of widespread changes in oceanographic circulation patterns that emerged during Taconic Orogeny. Finally, regional differences in the timing and character of sequence bounding surfaces and facies similarities summarized here suggest that the causes of relative sea level change during the Chatfieldian may have been primarily tectonoeustatic mechanisms.
Response of soil microbial biomass and community composition to chronic nitrogen additions at Harvard forest

Abstract Soil microbial communities may respond to anthropogenic increases in ecosystem nitrogen (N) availability, and the microbial response may ultimately feed back on ecosystem carbon and N dynamics. We examined the long-term effects of chronic N additions on soil microbes by measuring soil microbial biomass, composition and substrate utilization patterns in pine and hardwood forests at the Harvard Forest Chronic N Amendment Study. Functional and structural genes for important N cycling processes were studied using DNA community profiles. In the O horizon soil of both stands, N additions decreased microbial biomass C as determined by chloroform fumigation-extraction. Utilization of N-containing substrates was lower in N-treated pine soils than in the controls, suggesting that N additions reduced potential microbial activity in the pine stand. Counts of fungi and bacteria as determined by direct microscopy and culture techniques did not show a clear response to N additions. Nitrogen additions, however, strongly influenced microbial community DNA profiles. The ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) generally was found in high N-treated soils, but not in control soils. The nifH gene for N2-fixation was generally found in all soils, but was more difficult to amplify in the pine N-treated soil than the controls, suggesting that the population of N2-fixers was altered by N additions. The 16S rDNA gene for Nitrobacter was found in all samples, but distinct differences among DNA profiles were observed in the pine B horizon in the control, low N, and high N-treated plots. Our findings indicate that chronic N additions decreased chloroform microbial carbon and altered microbial community profiles. These changes in microbial community structure may be an important component of the response of terrestrial ecosystems to human-accelerated N supply.
Induction immunosuppression in liver transplantation: a review

Antibody therapy for induction is seldom used in liver transplantation in the United States, but continues to be used in approximately 10% of patients. The most commonly used antibody at the current time is basiliximab (Simulect, Novartis) and is used in adults with renal dysfunction at the time of liver transplantation with the intention of delaying introduction of calcineurin-inhibitors. In children, the same antibody is commonly used in order to reduce rates of acute rejection. Most patients, adult and pediatric, are treated with initially higher levels of tacrolimus rather than antibody induction.
FRUITS AND SEEDS OF THE TERTIARY BRANDON LIGNITE. VII. SARGENTODOXA (SARGENTODOXACEAE).

Seeds of Sargentodoxa (Sargentodoxaceae), a deciduous vine presently restricted to southeastern Asia, are described from the Oligocene Brandon Lignite of Vermont. This is the first report of fossil Sargentodoxaceae. The Sargentodoxaceae are segregated from the Lardizabalaceae, a small family with an unusual modem distribution (six genera in East Asia, two genera in Chile). Given the close relationship of the two families, the discovery of Sargentodoxa in North America, along with one and possibly two other occurrences of Lardizabalaceae in the Northern Hemisphere, raises the possibility that the Lardizabalaceae achieved their present distribution by 1) spreading around the Northern Hemisphere in the early Tertiary as part of the "Boreotropical Flora," followed by 2) long-distance dispersal from north to south in the New World. Other factors argue against this interpretation.
Glomerular diseases associated with hematopoietic neoplasms: an expanding spectrum

Once thought to be limited mainly to lesions involving deposition of monoclonal paraproteins, glomerular diseases associated with hematologic neoplasms now include forms in which manifestations are probably mediated through cytokines or chemokines. Said et al. studied one such lesion, myeloproliferative neoplasm-related glomerulopathy, and found it to be a late complication of these neoplasms, with a generally poor renal outcome. Whether earlier recognition of glomerular diseases associated with hematopoietic neoplasms can result in more effective treatment remains an important question.
An experimental technique for measurement of injector spray mixing

Introduction P studies" have related liquid-rocket spray characteristics to injector mechanical and hydraulic parameters and/or combustion efficiencies from hot firings, i.e., to measured performance, but none has predicted combustion efficiency from spray measurements. This Note presents a technique that combines spray data obtained with nonreactive propellant simulants with an analytical model to predict the loss in combustion efficiency due to nonuniformities in the propellant mixture ratio distribution. Efficiencies thus predicted are compared with hot-firing results. The combustion chamber is considered to be divided into a primary mixing zone that includes the initial combustion region and that terminates when the gas velocity has essentially turned the spray in the axial direction, and a secondary zone, wherein turbulent vaporization and combustion occur within stream tubes, but with no thermal or mass transfer between stream tubes. c) V FROM 1-D COMBUSTION MODEL gas _ £ = 3.0; D 200/*
HYPERTENSION IN THE TEENAGER

Over the last two decades, essential hypertension has become common in adolescents, yet remains under-diagnosed in absence of symptoms. Diagnosis is based on normative percentiles that factor in age, sex and height. Evaluation is more similar to adult essential hypertension than childhood secondary hypertension. Modifiable risk factors such as obesity, sodium consumption and low exercise should be addressed first. Many anti-hypertensive medications now have specific regulatory approval for children. Sports participation need not be limited in mild or well-controlled cases. Primary care physicians play an important role in reduction of cardiovascular mortality by early detection and referral when needed.
Mn/MFI catalyzed reduction of NOx with alkanes

Abstract Mn/MFI catalysts were prepared by different methods and probed as catalysts for the catalytic reduction of NOx with CH4 or iso-butane in a gas flow containing excess O2. Mn/MFI with high manganese loading was obtained by solid state ion exchange (SSI). The intensity of an IR band at 957 cm−1, which is due to the perturbation of zeolite lattice vibrations by Mn ions attached to cage walls is proportional to the Mn content of the catalysts. Conversely, the intensity of the 3610 cm−1 band, assigned to Bronsted acid sites decreases linearly with the Mn loading. A catalyst obtained by exchanging Na/MFI with an aqueous solution of Mn acetate is found most active for NOx reduction with methane. Transport by surface diffusion of Mn ions from MnI2 to exchange positions in MFI is more efficient than their transport through the gas phase. High NO conversion over proton-free catalysts indicates that protons are not instrumental in NOx reduction over Mn/MFI.
Rostral midbrain lesions and copulatory behavior in male rats.

Abstract Discrete electrolytic lesions were placed in the mesencephalic dorsal noradrenergic (DNE) bundle of 22 male Sprague-Dawley rats, and sham operations were performed on 14 control animals. Eight components of copulatory behavior were compared in 2 preoperative and 2 postoperative heterosexual mating tests. A significant postlesion decrease in the postejaculatory interval (PEI), number of intromissions, number of incomplete mounts and the ejaculation latency from the first intromission (ELI) occurred. Norepinephrine levels were significantly reduced in the hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus, but not in the preoptic area. The only statistically significant correlations between NE concentrations and behavior in the lesioned animals were negative (hippocampal NE with PEI and ELI). The results support the hypothesis that rostral midbrain lesions disinhibit some components of male rodent copulatory behavior, but suggest that a system or systems other than the DNE bundle may be responsible for this disinhibition.
Prelude to Progressivism: Party Decay, Populism, and the Doctrine of “Free and Unrestricted Competition” in American Antitrust Policy, 1890–1897

On December 8, 1896, the Supreme Court heard arguments in United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association.166 U.S. 290 (1897). The defendant was an association of 18 railroads locked in competition for traffic between the Missouri River and the Pacific Ocean. By memorandum of agreement, member railways had voluntarily agreed to cease all price-based competition and abide by a common schedule of rates. Attorneys for the railroads maintained that the effects of ruinous competition upon solvency justified the imposition of competitive restrictions. The rates set by the association, they argued, afforded the roads a fair return on their investments, simultaneously offering the public both reasonable rates and adequate facilities. In addition, uniformity of rates facilitated compliance with the Interstate Commerce Act's prescription that charges be nondiscriminatory as to person and place.
Non-preemptive time warp scheduling algorithms

This paper presents results of experiments we conducted on a number of scheduling algorithms used in a multi-processing Time Warp system. Our results show that system performance can be improved by using indirect indicators of Time Warp progress without going to the expense of user specified scheduling or relying on dependency graphs. Our best algorithm is based on a composite measure of simulation advance rate, flow control, and the appearance of specific message types.
PRELIMINARY CALCULATIONS CONFIRMING THAT ANOMALOUS MUONIUM IN DIAMOND AND SILICON IS BOND-CENTERED INTERSTITIAL MUONIUM

The model of anomalous muonium as bond-centered interstitial muonium has been examined by approximate ab-initio Hartree-Fock calculations in diamond and silicon and found to be in excellent agreement with experiment.
The Nanostructured Origami 3D fabrication and assembly process

Nanostructured OrigamiTM 3D Fabrication and Assembly Process is a method of manufacturing 3D nanosystems using exclusively 2D litho tools. The 3D structure is obtained by folding a nanopatterned 2D substrate. We report on the materials, actuation, and modeling aspects of the manufacturing process, and present experimental results from fabricated structures.
Infants use known verbs to learn novel nouns: evidence from 15- and 19-month-olds.

Abstract Fluent speakers’ representations of verbs include semantic knowledge about the nouns that can serve as their arguments. These “selectional restrictions” of a verb can in principle be recruited to learn the meaning of a novel noun. For example, the sentence He ate the carambola licenses the inference that carambola refers to something edible. We ask whether 15- and 19-month-old infants can recruit their nascent verb lexicon to identify the referents of novel nouns that appear as the verbs’ subjects. We compared infants’ interpretation of a novel noun (e.g., the dax ) in two conditions: one in which dax is presented as the subject of animate-selecting construction (e.g., The dax is crying ), and the other in which dax is the subject of an animacy-neutral construction (e.g., The dax is right here ). Results indicate that by 19 months, infants use their representations of known verbs to inform the meaning of a novel noun that appears as its argument.
Visual analytics for epidemiologists: understanding the interactions between age, time, and disease with multi-panel graphs.

Background Visual analytics, a technique aiding data analysis and decision making, is a novel tool that allows for a better understanding of the context of complex systems. Public health professionals can greatly benefit from this technique since context is integral in disease monitoring and biosurveillance. We propose a graphical tool that can reveal the distribution of an outcome by time and age simultaneously. Methodology/Principal Findings We introduce and demonstrate multi-panel (MP) graphs applied in four different settings: U.S. national influenza-associated and salmonellosis-associated hospitalizations among the older adult population (≥65 years old), 1991–2004; confirmed salmonellosis cases reported to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health for the general population, 2004–2005; and asthma-associated hospital visits for children aged 0–18 at Milwaukee Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, 1997–2006. We illustrate trends and anomalies that otherwise would be obscured by traditional visualization techniques such as case pyramids and time-series plots. Conclusion/Significance MP graphs can weave together two vital dynamics—temporality and demographics—that play important roles in the distribution and spread of diseases, making these graphs a powerful tool for public health and disease biosurveillance efforts.
Our NIH years: a confluence of beginnings.

Like our own lives, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the late 1950s was an exciting work in progress. Transplanted from the Monod laboratory at the core of the Escherichia coli microbial genetics revolution in Paris, we tumbled unceremoniously into the NIH melting pot. There, we began a lifelong love affair with mammalian cells and genes and the mechanisms that regulate gene expression (1, 2). In this brief joint autobiography, we try to capture a little of the excitement of the time and the interactions among scientists whose influences we still treasure. To bring things up to date, we also include a brief epilogue describing our current cell culture studies, which carry on directly from the culture optimization work we did at the NIH (albeit with a gap of fifty-plus years). Thus, we summarize our and other recent findings documenting the importance of culturing mammalian cells in incubators maintained at physiological oxygen levels (∼5% O2) rather than equilibrated with air (20% O2). It is important to grow cells under these more physiological conditions to minimize oxidative damage and the accumulation of potentially deleterious mutations in all cultured cells. However, we emphasize here that this modern addition to cell culture technology is particularly important for stem and other types of cultured cells intended for therapeutic introduction into patients.1
Charge separation in a Florida thunderstorm

A simple explanation of the location and movement of the breakdown region in a Florida storm is given in terms of the separation resulting from dynamical equilibria between aerodynamic and electrostatic forces on charged particles.
Statistics of Diffusive and Localized Fields in the Vortex Core

The statistics of the field structure in the vortex core surrounding phase singularities in random wave fields are measured and calculated for diffusive and localized waves. Excellent agreement is found between experiment and theory. The variation of phase with the geometric angle is deterministic, depending only upon the eccentricity of elliptical intensity contours, $ϵ$, whose probability distribution is shown to be universal. The distribution of vorticity is shown to reflect both the vorticity distributions within a Gaussian random wave field with a given value of the total transmission and the mesoscopic distribution of total transmission.
The Promise and Reality of Pharmacogenetics in Psychiatry

Existing psychotropic medications for the treatment of mental illnesses, including antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics, are clinically suboptimal. They are effective in only a subset of patients or produce partial responses, and they are often associated with debilitating side effects that discourage adherence. There is growing enthusiasm in the promise of pharmacogenetics to personalize the use of these treatments to maximize their efficacy and tolerability; however, there is still a long way to go before this promise becomes a reality. This article reviews the progress that has been made in research toward understanding how genetic factors influence psychotropic drug responses and the challenges that lie ahead in translating the research findings into clinical practices that yield tangible benefits for patients with mental illnesses.
Nonlinear length dependent electrical resistance of a single crystal zinc oxide micro/nanobelt

We have systematically investigated the intrinsic electrical property of a single crystal zinc oxide (ZnO) micro/nanobelt (MB/NB) using a conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. By mounting one end of the MB/NB on a flat nonconductive silicon substrate, a platform for performing electrical property characterization using conductive current AFM is established. The quantitative characterization of the electrical resistance of the MB/NBs was performed by acquiring I–V curves for the MB/NB in between the electrode and the conductive AFM tip. The resistance of the single crystalline ZnO MB/NB was measured to be exponentially dependent on the length of the MB/NB. A systematic model based on the anisotropic velocity of the carriers in the crystal planes has been proposed and fits the experimental measurement well. This research reveals that the electrical resistance shows a nonlinear length dependence in the semiconducting single crystal MB/NB, which is significantly different from the bulk counterpart. Understanding such a property could definitely improve the design and the performance of next generation electrical nanodevices.
An engineering approach to controlling indoor air quality.

Evidence is accumulating that indicates air quality problems in residential and commercial buildings are nearly always associated with inadequacies in building design and methods of operation. Thus...
Atrichum cylindricum (Polytrichaceae), an overlooked moss in the southeastern United States

The new combination,Atrichum cylindricum (Willd. ex Weber) G. Smith is made for a moss described in 1741 by Dillenius, based on a Clayton specimen from Virginia. This species, which has been overlooked by American bryologists, is now known from the southern Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain, and the Cumberland Plateau in eastern Tennessee.Atrichum undulatum var.attenuatum Bruch & Schimp. is a synonym. Illustrations of the species and a map of its distribution are included.
Novel lock-in amplifier for identification of luminescent materials for authentication

Digital and analog design approaches are reviewed for handheld low-cost electronic signal processing boxes for close-up optical detection and identification of phosphor markers for authentication of paper money, legal documents, pharmaceuticals, clothing materials, and military friend and foe identification. For extending the range to longer distances of over a meter (several feet) we propose a novel low-cost handheld lock-in amplifier that uniquely identifies a phosphor at a distance of several feet in a noisy environment of daylight, sunlight, electronic noise and reflection of the stimulating beam. The lock-in amplifier differs from a conventional one by sampling the detector out of synchronization with the source to avoid reflections which will mask the phosphor luminescence and provide opportunities for counterfeiters. The luminescence decays slowly after stimulation is removed. We simulate the lock-in amplifier to determine the trade-off between speed of authentication and distance. Only 40ms of integration in the lock-in amplifier will block noise of frequencies differing by more than 1% from the modulation frequency to allow authentication over a meter.
Caribbean immigrants: a black success story?

This article examines the 1980 earnings and earnings attainment process of Afro-Caribbean immigrants [to the United States] relative to Afro-Americans native-born whites and foreign-born whites. Controlling for gender the comparisons consider Caribbean Islanders as a whole and disaggregated by nation of origin. The results indicate that in 1980 at least fact did not justify the opinion that any West Indian subgroup had higher gross or net earnings than native-born blacks. Rather a few non-English speaking subgroups fared worse. In addition regardless of national background Caribbean-born men experienced vast earnings disparities relative to white men. This was not the case for West Indian women whose net earnings were at minimum equivalent to those of white women. Further analysis suggests that for most Caribbean groups West Indian background adds little to an understanding of the earnings attainment process that cannot be obtained from other measurable characteristics. (EXCERPT)
TDPAC study of liquid and amorphous Se1−xTex alloys

Abstract A time differential perturbed angular correlation study on several liquid and amorphous splat-quenched Se 1−x Te x alloys was performed using dilute 111 Cd as the tracer. The liquid spectra exhibits an attenuation factor, λ 22 , consistent with the motional narrowing approximation. The attenuation factor is proportional to the motional correlation time t c , multiplied by the average square electric quadrupole frequency, 〈 v Q 2 〉 C . v Q has been characterized in amorphous splat-quenched Se and Te, allowing t c to be computed for these two liquids from the measured λ 22 . Spectra in both amorphous Se and Te arise from two distinguishable sites with quadrupole frequencies similar to the sites in compounds of Se or Te with In.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae virulence phenotype as determined with CD-1 mice is associated with the ability to grow at 42 degrees C and form pseudohyphae.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates have been shown previously to exhibit a high degree of variation in their ability to proliferate and persist in CD-1 mice (K.V. Clemons, J.H. McCusker, R. W. Davis, and D.A. Stevens, J. Infect. Dis. 169:859-867, 1994). Isolate origin was not a firm predictor of virulence phenotype, since the virulence phenotypes of clinical and nonclinical isolates ranged from virulent to avirulent and from intermediate to avirulent, respectively. Therefore, it was important to determine if there was any association between putative virulence traits and virulence that might help explain the variation in virulence phenotypes. S. cerevisiae isolates spanning a range of virulence phenotypes in experimental infections were examined for putative virulence traits: the ability to grow at supraoptimal temperatures (42, 39, and 37 degrees C), gelatin liquefaction, casein utilization, and pseudohyphal formation. Gelatin liquefaction appeared to be unrelated to pseudohyphal formation on casein or to virulence. Significant differences in the ability to grow at 39 and 42 degrees C were observed when the virulent and intermediate classes were compared with the avirulent class. Less extreme but still significant differences in pseudohyphal formation were observed when the virulent and intermediate classes were compared with the avirulent class. Therefore, two virulence traits, similar to those identified in other pathogenic fungi, the ability to grow at elevated temperatures and pseudohyphal formation, have been identified in S. cerevisiae.
Outage-Efficient Strategies for Multiuser MIMO Networks With Channel Distribution Information

In this paper, we examine single user and multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beamforming networks with channel distribution information (CDI). Since CDI changes infrequently compared to channel state information (CSI), algorithms based on CDI can achieve significant savings in feedback compared to algorithms based on CSI. With CDI, we can only guarantee quality of service for a specified outage probability in the network. Assuming correlated Rayleigh fading on all the links, we derive a closed-form expression for the outage probability. Then, using this expression, we derive algorithms for joint transmit/receive beamforming and power control to minimize the weighted sum power in the network while guaranteeing these outage probabilities. For both single-user and multiuser MIMO scenarios, we present optimal algorithms under the Kronecker model assumption, and we present near-optimal algorithms assuming general correlation structures on the links. We then show that using these algorithms based on CDI, if we are willing to accept given outages on the links, we can achieve comparable power usage in the network relative to algorithms based on CSI.
Greening the Rust Belt: A Green Infrastructure Model for Right Sizing America's Shrinking Cities

Problem: Existing planning and redevelopment models do not offer a holistic approach for addressing the challenges vacant and abandoned properties create in America's older industrial cities, but these shrinking cities possess opportunities to undertake citywide greening strategies that convert such vacant properties to community assets. Purpose: We define strategies shrinking cities can use to convert vacant properties to valuable green infrastructure to revitalize urban environments, empower community residents, and stabilize dysfunctional real estate markets. To do this we examine shrinking cities and their vacant property challenges; identify the benefits of urban greening; explore the policies, obstacles, and promise of a green infrastructure initiative; and discuss vacant property reclamation programs and policies that would form the nucleus of a model green infrastructure right-sizing initiative designed to stabilize the communities with the greatest level of abandonment. Methods: We draw our concl...