cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
C -Reactive Protein Decreases Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity via Uncoupling

C-reactive protein (CRP), a cardiovascular risk marker, induces endothelial dysfunction. We have previously shown that CRP decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and bioactivity in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). In this study, we examined the mechanisms by which CRP decreases eNOS activity in HAECs. To this end, we explored different strategies such as availability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-a critical cofactor for eNOS, superoxide (O(2)(-)) production resulting in uncoupling of eNOS and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of eNOS. CRP treatment significantly decreased levels of BH4 thereby promoting eNOS uncoupling. Pretreatment with sepiapterin, a BH4 precursor, prevented CRP-mediated effects on BH(4) levels, superoxide production as well as eNOS activity. The gene expression and enzymatic activity of GTPCH1, the first enzyme in the de novo biosynthesis of BH(4), were significantly inhibited by CRP. Importantly, GTPCH1 is known to be regulated by cAMP-mediated pathway. In the present study, CRP-mediated inhibition of GTPCH1 activity was reversed by pretreatment with cAMP analogues. Furthermore, CRP-induced O(2)(-) production was reversed by pharmacologic inhibition and siRNAs to p47 phox and p22 phox. Additionally, CRP treatment significantly decreased the eNOS dimer: monomer ratio confirming CRP-mediated eNOS uncoupling. The pretreatment of cells with NO synthase inhibitor (N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester [l-NAME]) also prevented CRP-mediated O(2)(-) production further strengthening CRP-mediated eNOS uncoupling. Additionally, CRP decreased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 as well as increased phosphorylation at Thr495. CRP appears to mediate these effects through the Fcgamma receptors, CD32 and CD64. To conclude, CRP uncouples eNOS resulting in increased superoxide production, decreased NO production and altered eNOS phosphorylation.
Expert systems and information retrieval

The existing bibliographic retrieval systems are too complex to permit direct on-line access by untrained end users. Expert system approaches have been introduced in the hope of simplifying the document indexing, search and retrieval operations and rendering these operations accessible to end users. The expert system approach is examined briefly in this note and the conclusion is reached that expert systems are unlikely to provide much relief in ordinary retrieval environments. Simpler and more effective retrieval systems than those currently in use can be implemented by falling back on methodologies proposed and evaluated over twenty years ago that operate without expert system intervention.
The network theory in autoimmunity: In vitro modulation of DNA-binding cells by antiidiotypic antibody present in inactive lupus sera

Lupus or normal controls' sera, depleted of anti-DNA antibody and of DNA, were tested for their capacity to suppress the binding of3H-DNA to DNA-binding cells. Sera from lupus patients with inactive disease were effective in suppressing the binding (P<0.01) and, in the presence of complement, were more efficient in suppression (P<0.001). The same sera were capable of suppressing the in vitro secretion of DNA antibodies but not polyclonal IgG by autologous cells. The suppressor factor in the inactive lupus serum was shown to reside in the F(ab)'2 fragments of IgG and has a specificity for the F(ab')2 fragments but not the Fc fragments of anti-DNA antibody. Sera from active lupus patients and human serum albumin were incapable of suppression. Normal sera from donors who had contact with lupus blood components were efficient in suppressing DNA-binding cells (P<0.01).
Unilateral retrobulbar optic neuritis due to varicella zoster virus in a patient with AIDS: A case report and review of the literature

Unilateral retrobulbar optic neuritis developed in a 43-year-old man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This was secondary to varicella zoster virus (VZV) as confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of VZV in the cerebrospinal fluid. There was no typical cutaneous infection and no evidence of retinitis. The onset of unexplained visual loss due to optic neuritis in HIV positive individuals may be due to VZV infection. Prompt recognition, and early intervention with antiVZV therapy may preserve vision. Retrobulbar optic neuritis secondary to VZV infection should be considered in immunocompromised patients even in the absence of cutaneous or retinal lesions. Previous cases are reviewed and the varied nature of viral transport in the nervous system is noted.
Pervasive Java, Part II

For pt. 1 see ibid., Jan.-Mar. (2002). In part 1 the author covered Java 2, Micro Edition (J2ME) technology, focusing on its Connection Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) and Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP). Here, the author takes a closer look at J2ME's business and commercial side, comparing several development toolkits and addressing challenges that the growing community of J2ME developers faces.
Immune responses to AAV vectors: overcoming barriers to successful gene therapy

Gene therapy products for the treatment of genetic diseases are currently in clinical trials, and one of these, an adeno-associated viral (AAV) product, has recently been licensed. AAV vectors have achieved positive results in a number of clinical and preclinical settings, including hematologic disorders such as the hemophilias, Gaucher disease, hemochromatosis, and the porphyrias. Because AAV vectors are administered directly to the patient, the likelihood of a host immune response is high, as shown by human studies. Preexisting and/or recall responses to the wild-type virus from which the vector is engineered, or to the transgene product itself, can interfere with therapeutic efficacy if not identified and managed optimally. Small-scale clinical studies have enabled investigators to dissect the immune responses to the AAV vector capsid and to the transgene product, and to develop strategies to manage these responses to achieve long-term expression of the therapeutic gene. However, a comprehensive understanding of the determinants of immunogenicity of AAV vectors, and of potential associated toxicities, is still lacking. Careful immunosurveillance conducted as part of ongoing clinical studies will provide the basis for understanding the intricacies of the immune response in AAV-mediated gene transfer, facilitating safe and effective therapies for genetic diseases.
Homogenization of mesoscopic theories: Effective properties of model membranes

A new mathematical framework for modeling diffusion in nanoporous materials or on surfaces exhibits heterogeneity in properties over large length scales and retains molecular scale information, typically captured only by molecular simulations (kinetic Monte Carlo). It first uses newly developed mesoscopic equations derived rigorously from underlying master equations by coarse-graining statistical mechanics techniques. Homogenization techniques are then used to derive the leading-order effective mesoscopic models that are subsequently solved by spectral methods. These solutions are also compared to direct numerical simulations for selected 2-D model membranes with defects, when attractive adsorbate-adsorbate interactions affect particle diffusion. Both the density and dispersion of defects significantly alter the macroscopic behavior in terms of fluxes and concentration patterns, especially when phase transitions can occur. In the presence of adsorbate-adsorbate interactions, permeation through a nanoporous film can depend on the face of a membrane exposed to the high-pressure side. Homogenization techniques also could offer a promising alternative to direct numerical simulations, when complex, large-scale heterogeneities are present.
Sperm Motility Defects and Infertility in Male Mice with a Mutation in Nsun7, a Member of the Sun Domain-Containing Family of Putative RNA Methyltransferases

Poor sperm quality is the major cause of infertility in humans. Other than sex-linked factors, the genetic basis for male infertility is poorly defined, largely due to practical difficulties in studying the inheritance of this trait in humans. As an alternative, we have conducted forward genetic screens in mice to generate relevant models. We report on the identification and characterization of a chemically-induced mutation, Ste5Jcs1, which causes affected male mice to be sterile or subfertile. Mutant sperm exhibited depressed progressive motility associated with a rigid flagellar midpiece (but not principal piece) segment, which could not be rescued by treatment with agents that stimulate cAMP or calcium signaling pathways. Overall mutant sperm ultrastructure appeared normal, including the axoneme, although the midpiece mitochondrial sheath showed abnormal electron density patterns. Positional cloning of Ste5Jcs1 led to the identification of a mutation in a novel gene called Nsun7, which encodes a protein with a Sun domain that is homologous to tRNA and rRNA cytosine methyltransferases. Therefore, Ste5Jcs1 mutation uncovers a previously unrecognized biological process in sperm that underscores the functional compartmentalization of the midpiece and principal piece of the flagellum.
Developmental and phenotypic responses to photoperiod in uni-and bivoltine Pieris napi in California

SUMMARY 1 Coastal Californian Pieris napi are facultatively bivoltine, with two seasonal phenotypes, whereas inland populations from the Inner Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada are univoltine and monophenic. 2 When reared under continuous light at 25dC both coastal and inland stocks produce about 50% diapause pupae, which give rise to vernal-phenotype adults. Non-diapause pupae of all stocks give rise to summer-phenotype adults, even though this phenotype does not exist in the wild in univoltine populations. 3 Univoltinism, which implies developmental suppression of the summer phenotype, is interpreted as a derivative from multivoltinism and an adaptation to host plant phenology.
A Puzzles-First approach to computer science

Outcomes of a Puzzles-First computer science course, offered each Fall semester from 2003 to 2005 at the University of Vermont, indicate that this novel format, which uses mathematical puzzles and games to illustrate fundamental concepts, attracts both computer science majors and non-majors, including a significant number of females.
Quality management influences on logistics performance

Abstract The importance of quality management practices in the achievement of operational results and customer satisfaction in logistics has been asserted in many studies. However, though widely adopted, quality management does not have a uniformly accepted framework as a basis for assessment of improvement efforts. This study develops quality management constructs and a casual model based on the criteria utilized in the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. Casual relationships between quality management factors and logistics outcomes, specifically logistics operational performance and customer service, are established. Implications of the findings for management are discussed.
Renal-pancreatic-hepatic dysplasia in siblings

Fewer than 20 children with complete renal-pancreatic-hepatic dysplasia have been reported since first described in 1959. We report two brothers with renal-pancreatic-hepatic dysplasia, one of whom had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, previously unreported associated findings.
Solution selectors: A user-oriented answer to the multiple solution problem in constraint solving

The development of solid modeling to represent the geometry of designed parts and the development of parametric modeling to control the size and shape have had significant impacts on the efficiency and speed of the design process. Designers now rely on parametric solid modeling, but often are frustrated by a problem that unpredictably causes their sketches to become twisted, contorted, or take an unexpected shape. Mathematically, this problem, known as the multiple solution problem occurs because the dimensions and geometric constraints yield a set of non-linear equations with many roots. In practice, this situation occurs because the dimensioning and geometric constraint information given in a CAD model is not sufficient to unambiguously and flexibly specify which configuration the user desires. This paper first establishes that only explicit, independent solution selection declarations can provide a flexible mechanism that is sufficient for all situations. The paper then describes the systematic derivation of a set of solution selector types by considering the occurrences of multiple solutions in combinations of mutually constrained geometric entities. The result is a set of eleven basic solution selector types and two derived types that incorporate topological information. In particular, one derived type concave/convex is user-oriented and may prove to be particularly useful.
Baboon late diplotene oocytes contain micronucleoli and a low level of extra rDNA templates

Abstract Oocytes from ovaries of near-term baboon ( Papio cynocephalus ) fetuses were predominantly in late diplotene of meiosis. The oocytes contained one or two large primary nucleoli and many additional small, nucleolus-like structures, some of which hybridized 125 I-18 S and -28 S rRNA in situ . These structures were morphologically identical to micronucleoli previously demonstrated in human oocytes during earlier stages of meiotic prophase. Quantitative grain count analysis following rRNA:DNA hybridization in situ suggested the presence of a low-level (approximately fourfold) excess of rDNA templates over the predicted 4C number.
Mouse mammary tumor virus dna methylation: Tissue-specific variation

Mouse mammary tumor virus-specific DNA sequences endogenous to the BALB/c mouse are shown to exhibit variable levels of methylation in a tissue-specific manner. In DNA from both lactating mammary gland and spleen, MMTV-specific sequences were hypomethylated at specific HpaII and HhaI sites. These variably methylated sites were found in the terminal repetitive sequences of the endogenous viral genomes. The specific hypomethylation of a HpaII site in Mtv-9 is associated with expression of a 1.6 kb transcript in the lactating mammary gland.
Hemispheric asymmetry in cross-race face recognition

Abstract This study examines two phenomena related to face perception, both of which depend on experience and holistic processing: perceivers process faces more efficiently in the right hemisphere of the brain (a hemispheric asymmetry), and they typically show greater recognition accuracy for members of their racial ingroup (a cross-race recognition deficit). The current study tests the possibility that these two effects are related. If asymmetry depends on experience, it should be particularly evident with (more familiar) ingroup faces; if cross-race recognition relies on holistic processing, it should be particularly evident for faces presented to the right hemisphere. Black and White participants viewed Black and White faces presented to either the left or right visual field. As predicted, participants showed a more pronounced asymmetry for ingroup (rather than outgroup) faces, and cross-race recognition deficits were more pronounced for stimuli presented to the left (rather than the right) visual field.
A P -wave sum rule and quark confinement

A sum rule valid to order ${(\frac{v}{c})}^{2}$ for an arbitrary spin-dependent interaction relates the $P$-wave hyperfine splitting to the spin-orbit contribution due to confinement. A measurement of a $^{1}P_{1}$ level when combined with the spin-triplet splittings would provide an insight into the Lorentz structure of the confinement interaction.
Vectorization of track finding and fitting algorithms for HEP

Abstract The applicability of vector computers toward solving the problems of drift chamber track finding and fitting is discussed. Particular attention is paid to the Mark III tracking program, which appears amenable to such vectorization. Progress in the field by other groups is also discussed, and an attempt is made to extrapolate from present experience to situations of higher multiplicity and drift chamber complexity.
γ Radiolysis of Liquids at High Pressures. III. Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Bicarbonate

The γ radiolysis of deaerated aqueous solutions containing sodium bicarbonate and either glucose or isopropanol has been studied at ∼20° in the applied pressure range 0 to 7 kbar. For 0.05M bicarbonate and 0.036M isopropanol, G(H2) increases from 0.89 to 2.43 as applied pressure increases from 0 to 6.9 kbar. A 100‐fold change (0.005–0.5M) in bicarbonate concentration has little or no effect on the pressure dependence of G(H2). Because primary yields are invariant over the pressure range studied, the results are interpreted in terms of an effect of pressure on the competition between Reactions [2] and [3] eaq−+CO2→CO2−, eaq−+HCO3−→H+CO32−, with Reaction [3] followed by Reaction [4] H+RH→R+H2. Such an interpretation gives a difference in activation volumes of Reactions [2] and [3] as ΔV2‡—ΔV3‡≈18.4 ml mole−1 and a specific rate k30≈6×105M−1· sec−1 at atmospheric pressure. Assumption that Reaction [2] is diffusion controlled permits estimation of ΔV2‡≈1.6 ml mole−1, from the pressure dependence of water viscosity. Thus, ΔV3‡≈−16.8 ml mole−1. The latter value, in turn, yields an estimate of V(eaq−) in the range −10.9 to −6.5 ml mole−1 relative to V(H+)=0. Use of an absolute value of V0(H+)=−5.4 ml mole−1 gives an absolute value of V0(eaq−) in the range −5.5 to −1.1 ml mole−1. Approximate equality of the values for V0 of the electron and of the proton is consistent with their having a negligible intrinsic volume and approximately equal electrostriction volumes.
Sensitivity enhancement of vapor sensors with porous silicon resonant structures

Miniaturization of mass-based resonant sensors is a promising strategy for chemical detection due to the increased sensitivity afforded by decreased length scales. However, while the increased surface area-to-volume ratios of microand nano-scale devices provide sensitivity benefits, smaller scales pose additional challenges in fabrication. We introduce the use of porous silicon resonators to provide increased sensitivity in resonant vapor sensors with minimal fabrication challenge. Standard top-down processes were used to fabricate micrometer-scale resonators with nanometerscale pores. The increased surface area of the porous resonating structures improved their detection sensitivity, and the porous nature of the resonator itself eliminated the need to apply porous coatings separate from the resonator. At present, porous silicon resonators show up to 100% sensitivity enhancement to isopropyl alcohol (vapor) over non-porous silicon resonators. Ongoing work involves investigating the limits of porosity and therefore sensitivity, the tradeoff between porosity and mechanical robustness, and the physics of resonant porous materials.
A Proposed Model for Initial Assessment and Management of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes

ACUTE HEART FAILURE SYNDROMES (AHFS) HAVE BEEN defined as new-onset or recurrence of worsening signs and symptoms of HF necessitating urgent or emergency management. More than 1 million hospital admissions occur annually for AHFS both in the United States and in Europe. Initial management of AHFS has changed little over the last decades. Although patients with AHFS experience symptomatic improvement during hospitalization, the postdischarge rehospitalization rate and mortality within 60 to 90 days remain as high as 30% and 15%, respectively. An algorithm is needed for evaluation of AHFS at presentation, given the heterogeneity of this patient population. The ultimate clinical value of any conceptual framework depends on its capacity to improve use of diagnostic and therapeutic modes and to guide design of clinical trials. Three phases of AHFS have been suggested: (1) urgent treatment and stabilization (most often occurring in the emergency department); (2) in-hospital management; and (3) the postdischarge “vulnerable” period. In this Commentary, we focus on assessment and management of AHFS during phase 1.
Teaching Theory through Cartoons

(1994). Teaching Theory through Cartoons. Journal of Health Education: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 179-180.
Can search algorithms save large-scale automatic performance tuning?

Empirical performance optimization of computer codes using autotuners has received significant attention in recent years. Given the increased complexity of computer architectures and scientific codes, evaluating all possible code variants is prohibitively expensive for all but the simplest kernels. One way for autotuners to overcome this hurdle is through use of a search algorithm that finds high-performing code variants while examining relatively few variants. In this paper we examine the search problem in autotuning from a mathematical optimization perspective. As an illustration of the power and limitations of this optimization, we conduct an experimental study of several optimization algorithms on a number of linear algebra kernel codes. We find that the algorithms considered obtain performance gains similar to the optimal ones found by complete enumeration or by large random searches but in a tiny fraction of the computation time.
Automatic identification of familiar faces

Much research has suggested that facial identification has some characteristics of automaticity, in that it is rapid, nonconscious, and mandatory. However, little research has tested whether it can occur even if attention is already devoted to the demanding central processes of another task. In the present study, we addressed this type of automaticity using the psychological refractory period paradigm. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants successfully identified familiar faces, even while they were engaged with another task, indicating the automaticity of familiar-face identification. In Experiments 3 and 4, however, participants could not identify unfamiliar faces as automatically as they could identify the familiar faces. We concluded that automatic face identification is possible, but dependent on prior familiarity.
AN ISOTHERMAL DILUTION CALORIMETER FOR MEASURING ENTHALPIES OF MIXING

Abstract : Anisothermal dilution calorimeter of the Van Ness type is described. The calorimeter is suitable for studying either endothermic or exothermic mixing. Results of measurements of enthalpies of mixing are presented for the systems benzene + carbon tetrachloride, benzene + cyclohexane, cyclohexane, cyclohexane + n-hexane, p-dioxane + carbon tetrachloride, and benzene + dichloromethane at 25C, and for the system dichloromethane + p-dioxane at 30C. The performance of the calorimeter is evaluated on the bases of these results and their comparison with values from the literature. (Author)
Limits to empowerment: case of control and citizen engagement in community driven development in Sri Lanka

Empowered communities are expected to be better performers engaged in local development processes. Power to people is a political slogan emerging from manifestos of major political parties. Community centered development continues to be a declared strategy for bringing about change to places and to people for inclusive growth. Post war Sri Lanka has to face the challenge in making decisions on limits to empowerment balancing control and engagement of citizens in local development amidst conflicting and overlapping interests of stakeholders that affect the country’s progress. Paradigm model of grounded theory is used to examine the lessons learned from the application of the community driven development strategy in seven districts in Sri Lanka. Series of events are analyzed and data used to validate evidence on outcomes to deepen understanding of the community driven development theme and the concerns of limits to empowering communities to inform policy making for local development. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljda.v4i0.7118 Sri Lanka Journal of Development Administration, Vol. 4, pp. 111-127, 2014
Belief in the Right to Question Church Teachings, 1958–71

Between 1958 and 1971 there was a pronounced increase in belief in the right to question church teachings among Detroit Catholics, but there was no significant change among Protestants in general. Certain events calling into question the infallibility of papal pronouncements in the 1960s are suggested as possible forces behind the increase among Catholics. The magnitude of the change is inversely related to age and directly related to education and church attendance. While the Protestant laity's right to question church teachings has long been recognized (Davidson et al., b), Catholics traditionally have been seen as having little of this right. In one sense, the Protestant movement was initiated on the very basis of a person's belief in, and subsequent action on, the right to question what the dominant church was teaching. Other protesting religions were born as this basic belief was diffused. Catholicism, on the other hand, is unique in that the power to decide on matters of orthodoxy culminates in the doctrine of papal infallibility. Coupled with the strict hierarchical nature of the church's authority structure, the questioning of church teachings has been seen as an anomaly. Although the analysis of religious attitudes is receiving greater attention, studies of change in such attitudes are few, owing to the lack of good trend data. Laity perceptions of the authority structure and in particular the right to question what the church teaches have received even less attention. The events of the 1960s point to the need to analyze the change in such an attitude. This paper describes changes in the belief in the right to question church teachings among Detroit Protestants and Catholics between 1958 and 1971. Effects of education, age, and church attendance in relation to the change are also explored. Davidson et al. (a, b), analyzing data from a 1965 survey in two Oklahoma communities, found that Catholics were much less likely than respondents in seven Protestant groups to advocate the laity's right to question their own church "in all matters" (22 vs. 65 percent). Seventyseven percent of the Catholics did believe in the laity's right to question the *I wish to thank Professor 0. D. Duncan for a number of helpful suggestions on earlier drafts of the paper. ( 1979, University of North Carolina Press. 0037-7732/79/010290-04$01.50
Quasi-reciprocal mixer as an absolute vector signal standard at microwave frequencies

A reciprocal mixer has the potential to extend an absolute calibration of magnitude and phase relationships at baseband to an absolute calibration at microwave frequencies. Unfortunately, recent publications have shown that mixers are not in general reciprocal devices. The authors' tests have shown that the up- and down-conversion transmission responses for a mixer change with time and temperature. The ratio of the up- and down-conversion transmission responses, however, can be remarkably constant with time and temperature for some mixers. The authors refer to this ratio as the characterised non-reciprocal ratio (CNR) for the mixer. By using a new calibration circuit, they are able to utilise this CNR for a quasi-reciprocal mixer and provide an effective absolute vector calibration standard at microwave frequencies.
Biotin uptake by mouse and human pancreatic beta cells/islets: a regulated, lipopolysaccharide-sensitive carrier-mediated process

Biotin is essential for the normal function of pancreatic beta cells. These cells obtain biotin from their surroundings via transport across their cell membrane. Little is known about the uptake mechanism involved, how it is regulated, and how it is affected by internal and external factors. We addressed these issues using the mouse-derived pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells and freshly isolated mouse and human primary pancreatic beta cells as models. The results showed biotin uptake by pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells occurs via a Na(+)-dependent, carrier-mediated process, that is sensitive to desthiobiotin, as well as to pantothenic acid and lipoate; the process is also saturable as a function of concentration (apparent Km = 22.24 ± 5.5 μM). These cells express the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT), whose knockdown (with doxycycline-inducible shRNA) led to a sever inhibition in biotin uptake. Similarly, uptake of biotin by mouse and human primary pancreatic islets is Na(+)-dependent and carrier-mediated, and both cell types express SMVT. Biotin uptake by pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells is also adaptively regulated (via transcriptional mechanism) by extracellular substrate level. Chronic treatment of pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) leads to inhibition in biotin uptake. This inhibition is mediated via a Toll-Like receptor 4-mediated process and involves a decrease in membrane expression of SMVT. These findings show, for the first time, that pancreatic beta cells/islets take up biotin via a specific and regulated carrier-mediated process, and that the process is sensitive to the effect of LPS.
Postnatal development of thalamic recipient neurons in the monkey striate cortex: III. Somatic inhibitory synapse acquisition by spiny stellate neurons of layer 4C.

The development of type 2 (Colonnier,1981) synapses on the cell bodies of thalamic recipient spiny stellate neurons in layers 4C alpha and 4C beta of primary visual cortex neurons was examined over the first 36 postnatal weeks and in the adult monkey. The type 2 synapses, known to be GABAergic (Ribak, 1978) and therefore presumed to be inhibitory, developed faster on the alpha neurons than the beta neurons. Both neuron groups show a marked increase and then decline in the percentage of the somatic membrane covered by type 2 synaptic appositions during this 36-week time period. The time course of the type 2 synapses development is compared to that of the spine synapse development described in previous studies (Lund and Holbach, 1991; Lund et al., 1991), and it is clear that on both neuron groups this inhibitory synapse population is put in place and refined later than the spine synapses. These findings suggest that each cortical neural circuit has a unique time course for its early development within an overall time window (Rakic et al., 1986), or sensitive period (Hubel and Wiesel, 1970). Visual deprivation, although causing the alpha and beta neurons to adopt a more similar temporal and numerical developmental pattern than normal, did not prevent acquisition and loss phases of type 2 synapses or the assumption of a normal numerical loading by 36 weeks of age.
Resistance anomaly near the localized-delocalized crossover point in the CeSi x system

Anomalies in the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity have been observed in the ${\mathrm{CeSi}}_{\mathrm{x}}$ series of alloys near x=1.855. The resistivity versus composition behavior over a 0.2 at. % composition range looks like a \ensuremath{\delta} function with a decrease of about 1 order of magnitude in the resistivity on either side of the peak at ${\mathrm{CeSi}}_{1.855}$, which is near the localized-delocalized crossover point. The large change in resistivity on heating or cooling apparently is due to crack formation upon cooling between 150 and 50 K, and also to crack opening or closing above and below this temperature range.
Liberating archaeology, liberation archaeologies, and WAC

WAC ha desafiado la nocion constante que la arqueologia es objetiva y apolitica. Esta nocion ha alienado a los indigenas porque tiende a deshumanizar tanto a ellos como a sus antecesores. WAC reconocio que la arqueologia existe en un contexto politico, que debe ser considerado en cualquier construccion y uso del pasado. WAC estructuro una organizacion que dio una voz a aquellos cuyo pasado habia sido excavado, interpretado, y aduenuado por otros. WAC tambien defendio la colaboracion directa entre los indigenas y otros desciendientes de las comunidades. En esencia, WAC apoyo la liberacion de la arqueologia practicada como un colonialismo cientifico, una historia que este articulo relata brevemente. Todavia hay trabajo que hacer. Los arqueologos necesitan producir epistemologias de colaboracion y lo que significan para nuestro conocimiento de los pasados, que han sido creados en este proceso. Una tarea mas dificil es estar seguros que los arqueologos y las comunidades con las cuales ellos trabajan entiendan cuan importante la arqueologia puede ser para construir una comunidad y mantener su identidad cultural.
Physics results from SLD using the CRID

Abstract We review recent Z 0 physics results from SLD that use CRID particle identification. The performance of the detector and likelihood method are described briefly. Several hadronization measurements are presented, including identified hadron production in events of different primary flavors, leading hadron production, and new correlation studies sensitive to details of both leading and nonleading hadron production. Identified K ± have been used in conjunction with precision vertexing to study charmless and doubly charmed B-hadron decays. This combination has also been used to tag b, b , c and c jets, yielding precise measurements of B 0 - B 0 mixing and of the asymmetric couplings A b and A c . Identified K ± and Λ 0 / Λ 0 have been used to tag s and s jets, yielding a measurement of A s . The clean identified particle samples provided efficiently by the CRID allow the purities of these tags to be measured from the data, an essential ingredient for precision physics.
The activation of procarcinogens to mutagens by cultured rat hepatocytes in the L5178Y/TK mutation assay.

Whole cell preparations derived from collagenase-treated rat liver were cocultivated overnight with stationary (non-shaking) cultures of L5178Y/TK+/− cells in the presence of 8 different chemicals selected as representative aromatic amine, polycyclic hydrocarbon, or nitrosamine procarcinogens. When tested in the presence of hepatocytes, 2-aminoanthracene, 2-aminofluorene, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodipropylamine, 3-methylcholanthrene, and benzo[a]pyrene all produced substantial dose-dependent increases in trifluorothymidine-resistant variants compared to solvent controls after 20 h total exposure time. Only N-nitrosodipropylamine (DPrN) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) produced any dose-related mutagenic activity in similar experiments where hepatocytes were omitted; however, the response for the DPrN was quite variable at high doses in the absence of hepatocytes and the mutagenic response for the DEN was consistently enhanced at all dose levels by the presence of hepatocytes. Benzanthracene was not active in the presence of whole hepatocytes, even when tested with cells from a rat pretreated 24 h earlier with 20 mg/kg benzanthracene. Excepting benzanthracene, these data suggest that rat hepatocytes can be used to activate 3 types of procarcinogens to mutagens in the L5178Y/TK gene mutation assay.
A Suggested Book List for Hospital Libraries

The book selection process in hospital libraries has changed as collections have moved from print to electronic formats. The routine aids to help in the process have disappeared and hospital librarians have been struggling individually and collectively to identify the books that belong on their shelves. The author used a variety of methods to solicit input from library users and also used other sources to compile a list of books that her library will keep in the most current print edition. The article describes the process and includes the book list.
The 11B(p, 2α)4He reaction at the 163 keV resonance

Abstract The 11 B(p, 2 α ) 4 He reaction has been studied at a bombarding energy of 163 keV to complement the previous measurements at energies of a few MeV. Many two-parameter spectra have been taken, both around the 8 Be ∗ recoil axes and at selected angles away from the recoil axes. Coplanar and non-coplanar cases for the three alpha particles have been studied. Analysis yields results similar to those found previously for the higher bombarding energies but in dis-agreement with the conclusions of Dehnhard. Strong sequential decay through the 8 Be ∗ states has been observed with very little or no evidence for simultaneous three-alpha decay.
Airflow obstruction, lung function, and incidence of atrial fibrillation: The atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study

Background—Reduced low forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is reportedly associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Extant reports do not provide separate estimates for never smokers or for blacks, who incongruously have lower AF incidence than whites. Methods and Results—We examined 15 004 middle-aged blacks and whites enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort study. Standardized spirometry data were collected at the baseline examination. Incident AF was identified from the first among the following: International Classification of Diseases codes for AF on hospital discharge records or death certificates or 12-lead ECGs performed during 3 triennial follow-up visits. Over an average follow-up of 17.5 years, a total of 1691 participants (11%) developed new-onset AF. The rate of incident AF was inversely associated with FEV1 in each of the 4 race and sex groups. After multivariable adjustment for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors and height, ...
Connectedness of land use, nutrients, primary production, and fish assemblages in oxbow lakes

We explored the strength of connectedness among hierarchical system components associated with oxbow lakes in the alluvial valley of the Lower Mississippi River. Specifically, we examined the degree of canonical correlation between land use (agriculture and forests), lake morphometry (depth and size), nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus), primary production (chlorophyll-a), and various fish assemblage descriptors. Watershed (p < 0.01) and riparian (p = 0.02) land use, and lake depth (p = 0.05) but not size (p = 0.28), were associated with nutrient concentrations. In turn, nutrients were associated with primary production (p < 0.01), and primary production was associated with sunfish (Centrarchidae) assemblages (p < 0.01) and fish biodiversity (p = 0.08), but not with those of other taxa and functional guilds. Multiple chemical and biological components of oxbow lake ecosystems are connected to landscape characteristics such as land use and lake depth. Therefore, a top-down hierarchical approach can be useful in developing management and conservation plans for oxbow lakes in a region impacted by widespread landscape changes due to agriculture.
Contrasts in the 77 K emission spectra, structures, and dynamics of metal-to-metal and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states.

The 77 K emission spectrum of trans-[(ms-Me6[14]aneN4)Cr(CNRu(NH3)5)2]5+ has components characteristic of ligand field (LF) and metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) excited states (ms-Me6[14]aneN4 = 5,12-meso-5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane). The LF component of the emission is best resolved for irradiations at appreciably higher energies than the MMCT absorption band, while only the MMCT emission is observed for irradiations on the low-energy side of the MMCT absorption band. The LF emission component from this complex has vibronic structure that is very similar to that of the trans-[(ms-Me6[14]aneN4)Cr(CN)2]+ parent, but it is red-shifted by 560 cm-1 and the bandwidths are much larger. The red shift and the larger bandwidths of the ruthenated complex are attributed to configurational mixing between the LF and MMCT excited states, and the inferred mixing parameters are shown to be consistent with the known electron-transfer properties of the Ru(NH3)5 moieties. The MMCT excite...
A Flexible Approach to Studying Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation in Stably Transfected Mammalian Cells

The study of post-transcriptional regulation is constrained by the technical limitations associated with both transient and stable transfection of chimeric reporter plasmids examining the activity of 3′-UTR cis-acting elements. We report the adaptation of a commercially available system that enables consistent stable integration of chimeric reporter cDNA into a single genomic site in which transcription is induced by tetracycline. Using this system, we demonstrate the tight control afforded by this system and its suitability in mapping the regulatory function of defined cis-acting elements in the human TNF 3′-UTR, as well as the distinct effects of serum starvation on transiently transfected and stably integrated chimeric reporter genes.
GaAs Shallow-homojunction solar cells on Ge-coated Si substrates

Solar cells with conversion efficiencies of 12% (AM1) have been fabricated from single-crystal GaAs epilayers grown by CVD on Ge-coated Si substrates. The cells utilize an n+/p/p+shallow-homo junction GaAs structure on a thin (<0.2 µm) epitaxial Ge layer. These solar cells are the first reported GaAs devices fabricated on Si substrates.
An Explanation for the Plateau in the Thermal Conductivity of Non‐Crystalline Solids

The tunnelling-states model is applied to the thermal conductivity of non-crystalline materials. It is shown that the presence of a quadratic term in the energy dependence of the density of tunneling states, as implied by specific heat and ultrasonic measurements, can give rise near 10 K to the plateau in the thermal conductivity which is characteristic of amorphous solids.
Expression of trk receptors in the developing and adult human central and peripheral nervous system

A family of tyrosine receptor kinases known collectively as trk receptors plays an essential role in signal transduction mediated by nerve growth factor and related neurotrophins. To localize the major trk receptors (trkA, B and C) in the developing and adult central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous system, we generated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to extracellular (MAbs E7, E13, E16, E21, E29) and intracellular (MAb I2) domains of human trkA fused to glutathione S-transferase. Several MAbs (E7, E13, E16) recognized glycosylated trkA (gp 140trk and gp110trk) in Western blots, one MAb (E7) recognized non-glycosylated (p80trk) and glycosylated trkA in immunoprecipitation assays, and two MAbs (E13, E29) detected trkA on the cell surface of NIH3T3 cells transfected with a trkA cDNA. Although generated to trkA fusion proteins, this panel of MAbs also recognized trkB and trkC in flow cytometric studies of NIH3T3 cells transfected with trkB or trkC cDNAs. Thus, we used these pan-trk MAbs to probe selected regions of the CNS and PNS including the hippocampus, nucleus basalis of Meynert, cerebellum, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) to localize trkA, B, and C receptors in the developing and adult human nervous system. These studies showed that trk receptors are expressed primarily by neurons and are detectable very early in the developing hippocampus, cerebellum, spinal cord, and DRG. Although the distribution and intensity of trk immunoreactivity changed with the progressive maturation of the CNS and PNS, immunoreactive trk receptors were detected in neurons of the adult human hippocampus, nucleus basalis of Meynert, cerebellum, spinal cord, and DRG. This first study of trk receptor proteins in the developing and adult human CNS and PNS documents the expression of these receptors in subsets of neurons throughout the developing and adult nervous system. Thus, although the expression of trk receptor proteins is developmentally regulated, the constitutive expression of these neurotrophin receptors by neurons in many regions of the adult human CNS and PNS implies that mature trk receptor-bearing neurons retain the ability to respond to neurotrophins long after terminal neuronal differentiation is complete. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of Hydrologic Connectivity and Environmental Variables on Nekton Assemblage in a Coastal Marsh System

Hydrologic connectivity and environmental variation can influence nekton assemblages in coastal ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of hydrologic connectivity (permanently connected pond: PCP; temporary connected pond: TCP), salinity, vegetation coverage, water depth and other environmental variables on seasonal nekton assemblages in freshwater, brackish, and saline marshes of the Chenier Plain, Louisiana, USA. We hypothesize that 1) nekton assemblages in PCPs have higher metrics (density, biomass, assemblage similarity) than TCPs within all marsh types and 2) no nekton species would be dominant across all marsh types. In throw traps, freshwater PCPs in Fall (36.0 ± 1.90) and Winter 2009 (43.2 ± 22.36) supported greater biomass than freshwater TCPs (Fall 2009: 9.1 ± 4.65; Winter 2009: 8.3 ± 3.42). In minnow traps, saline TCPs (5.9 ± 0.85) in Spring 2009 had higher catch per unit effort than saline PCPs (0.7 ± 0.67). Our data only partially support our first hypothesis as freshwater marsh PCPs had greater assemblage similarity than TCPs. As predicted by our second hypothesis, no nekton species dominated across all marsh types. Nekton assemblages were structured by individual species responses to the salinity gradient as well as pond habitat attributes (submerged aquatic vegetation coverage, dissolved oxygen, hydrologic connectivity).
Decay angular distributions of intermediate bosons produced by pions and by colliding beams

Abstract The leptonic decay angular distributions of intermediate bosons are obtained as a possible means of identifying the production reaction; for the latter, we considered the cases: a) W production by pions on protons (both two-body and inelastic reactions), treated in the peripheral (one-pion exchange) approximation and b) W pair production in colliding negaton-positon beam experiments. We also investigate the polarization state of the boson by obtaining the 3×3 density matrix, and note its connection with the decay angular distributions.
A brief introduction on contemporary High-Level Synthesis

This paper tries to give a brief introduction on contemporary High-Level Synthesis (HLS). It covers following areas on HLS: design languages, main algorithms and flow, available commercial and academic tools, HLS application space, benefits of using HLS, and remaining challenges. The goals of this paper are to give reader an overview of HLS area, promote the adoption of HLS in the industry, and point out interesting research directions.
Nanosecond and femtosecond polarization resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (PRLIBS) of aluminum

We report single-shot femtosecond and nanosecond polarization resolved laser-induce breakdown spectroscopy (PRLIBS) measurement results on aluminum. Compared with conventional LIBS, this technique can increase the signal to background ratio (SBR) even with non-gated time-integrated detection. The resolution and detection limit of PRLIBS is highly improved, making this technique especially useful for weak atomic and ionic transitions.
An Investigation Into the Gender and Age Differences in the Social Coping of Academically Advanced Students

In certain contexts, some academically advanced students employ coping strategies that manipulate the visibility of their ability. These strategies may include denying giftedness, hiding giftedness...