cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purification and kinetic characterization of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) regulates the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine in mammalian cells. In order to understand the mechanism by which this enzyme controls phosphatidylcholine synthesis, we have initiated studies of CCT from the model genetic system, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast CCT gene was isolated from genomic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction and was found to encode tyrosine at position 192 instead of histidine, as originally reported. Levels of expression of yeast CCT activity in Escherichia coli or in the yeast, Pichia pastoris, were somewhat low. Expression of yeast CCT in a baculovirus system as a 6x-His-tag fusion protein was higher and was used to purify yeast CCT by a procedure that included delipidation. Kinetic characterization revealed that yeast CCT was activated approximately 20-fold by 20 microM phosphatidylcholine:oleate vesicles, a level 5-fold lower than that necessary for maximal activation of rat CCT. The k(cat) value was 31.3 s(-1) in the presence of lipid and 1.5 s(-1) in the absence of lipid. The K(m) values for the substrates CTP and phosphocholine did not change significantly upon activation by lipids; K(m) values in the presence of lipid were 0.80 mM for phosphocholine and 1.4 mM for CTP while K(m) values in the absence of lipid were 1.2 mM for phosphocholine and 0.8 mM for CTP. Activation of yeast CCT, therefore, appears to be due to an increase in the k(cat) value upon lipid binding.
Effects of Sex Composition by Class and Instructor's Sex on Physical Self-Efficacy of College Men

The relationship of sex composition of class and instructor's sex to Physical Self-efficacy has yielded conflicting results in several studies. This study examined the relationship of sex composition of class and instructor's sex to scores on Physical Self-efficacy, Perceived Physical Ability, and Physical Self-presentation Confidence of 80 male students enrolled in one of four sections of a strength training class. Analysis indicated no significant difference on Physical Self-efficacy between male students who were enrolled in all male classes or in coeducational classes; improvements in scores on Physical Self-efficacy were not specific to the sex composition of the class or sex of the instructor and no significant difference on Perceived Physical Ability and Physical Self-presentation Confidence between male students who joined an all male class or a coeducational class. Perceived Physical Ability improved from the pretest to the posttest in all classes; and no improvement in scores for Physical Self-presentation Confidence was found in all classes. In conclusion, the analysis showed sex composition of the class and sex of the instructor were not significantly related to scores for self-efficacy.
Co-location of Health Care for Adults with Serious Mental Illness and HIV Infection

This study describes persons with serious mental illness and comorbid HIV infection and examines the effect of co-location of mental health and HIV care on satisfaction, service utilization, and appropriateness of care. One hundred and eighteen subjects completed interviews and gave blood samples; medical records were abstracted. Most reported few barriers to care and satisfaction with mental health and HIV treatment. Co-location of mental health and HIV care did not influence satisfaction with care, utilization of services, or appropriateness of care. This report challenges the notion that persons with serious mental illnesses receive inadequate health care and that they have minimal capacity for illness management. These subjects may be benefiting from increased funding for, and attention to, persons with HIV infection.
Intestinal obstruction from diaphragmatic hernia following colonoscopy.

Abstract Diaphragmatic hernias caused or exacerbated by colonoscopy are rare with only few cases reported. The author reports here an unusual case of herniation and incarceration of the colon into the left thoracic cavity without bowel perforation after an uneventful screening colonoscopy, through an occult focal diaphragmatic weakness from the patient’s prior trauma.
Magnetic Polarity Stratigraphy of Pliocene-Pleistocene Terrestrial Deposits and Vertebrate Faunas, San Pedro Valley, Arizona

Horizontally stratified magnetic zones are observed throughout the Pliocene-Pleistocene valley fill of the upper San Pedro Valley, Arizona. Within one detailed 150-m stratigraphic section (Curtis Ranch), twelve superposed magnetic polarity zones are identified spanning the time from the upper Gilbert Epoch through the Brunhes Epoch. These magnetic polarity zones extend over a 64-km stretch of the valley and serve as convenient chronostratigraphic units. Based on the position of mammalian fossils within the chronostratigraphic zones, we have defined four mammal datum planes for the upper San Pedro Valley, including the first appearance of Lepus sp. at 1.9 m.y. Lepus sp. marks the first occurrence of a definitive Irvingtonian land mammal in the San Pedro Valley and thus places the local boundary of the Irvingtonian Land Mammal Age shortly below the Olduvai event. This position equates approximately with the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary of the pelagic marine record.
Technology Policy and National Identity: The Microcomputer Comes to India

After gaining independence in 1947, the Indian government embarked on a program of economic development, with indigenization as the prime objective. Electronics and computers were initially hobbled by new, restrictive policies. During the 1970s and early 1980s, the government eased these restrictions, allowing local companies to import parts and components. Hindustan Computers Limited, born during this period, released its first commercial system in 1978.
Shaping a Food Safety Debate: Control Efforts of Newspaper Reporters and Sources in the Food Irradiation Controversy

Numerous studies of contacts between reporters and scientists have been undertaken, although few have focused on the degree to which these actors become embedded in their own control efforts. This study consists of interviews with sources—both scientists and nonscientists—and newspaper reporters involved in the coverage of food irradiation at two regional newspapers. It reveals the processes of boundary construction and the building of common knowledge among these actors, which prevent others from voicing their opinions on this particular postharvest technology. An interpretation of this data questions the prediction that food information wars will subside and the assumption that newspapers are public arenas.
Buried trees, water table fluctuations, and 3000 years of changing climate in west-central Oklahoma

Abstract A sequence of radiocarbon-dated buried trees, buried soils, a carbonate zone, and a molluscan fauna from Carnegie Canyon indicate that between 3200 and 2600 yr B.P. the climate of west-central Oklahoma was drier than today. A high water table accompanied a period of moister climate 2000 to 1000 yr B.P. The water table dropped after 1000 yr B.P. due to a change toward dry conditions.
Angiotensin II and fluid ingestion in old rats

Fluid ingestion was studied in Fischer 344/Brown Norway F1 rats aged 3, 12, 20, and 24 months of age. There was an age-related decrease in fluid ingestion when fluid intake was measured over 24 h. After water deprivation, 24- and 20-month-old rats drank less than 3- and 12-month-old rats. Twelve, 20-, and 24-month-old rats had less fluid intake associated with food deprivation than did 3-month-old rats. Three month old rats drank more fluid after angiotensin II than did 12-, 20-, and 24-month-old rats when expressed as fluid intake per kg body weight. These studies confirm that the rat is a reasonable model to study age-related hypodipsia.
Transfer of cholesterol and diacylglycerol from lipophorin to Bombyx mori ovarioles in vitro: role of the lipid transfer particle.

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize the transfer of diacylglycerol (DAG) and cholesterol from larval Bombyx mori lipophorin to ovarioles. Transfer studies were carried out by incubating pupal ovarioles (5-day) with [3H]-cholesterol and [3H]-DAG-labeled lipophorin under different conditions. Transfer of both cholesterol and DAG exhibited hyperbolic dependency on lipophorin concentration with apparent Km values of 0.83 ± 0.17 mg/ml and 0.74 ± 0.16 mg/ml, respectively. Pretreatment of ovarioles with anti-lipid transfer particle (LTP) IgG significantly inhibited transfer of labeled DAG to ovarioles (75%) and not cholesterol. Injection of B. mori pupae (day 4) with anti-LTP IgG significantly affected the weight (65%), number of eggs (49%), amount of lipid (74%), and protein (65%) of the adult ovaries. Matured eggs had a very faint yellow color and deformed shape compared to controls. The inhibitory effect demonstrates the active role LTP plays in growth of ovaries, development, and oogenesis. The effect on vitellogenin shortage on egg development and maturation was determined by implanting ovaries in male recipients that lack vitellogenin. An 80% decline in egg production was observed. However, the mature eggs were normal in shape, color, and lipid content. Thus, restricting lipid or protein delivery to developing ovaries would dramatically affect choriogenesis.
Clinical manifestations of early syphilis by HIV status and gender: results of the syphilis and HIV study.

Background: Despite reports of unusual clinical presentations and therapeutic responses among HIV-infected patients with syphilis, syphilis has not been regarded as a serious opportunistic infection that predictably progresses among most HIV-coinfected patients. Goal: To define and describe differences in the presentation and response to treatment of early syphilis among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients, to describe any differences by gender, and to determine if clinical presentation of central nervous system involvement predicted serologic failure. Design: A prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of enhanced versus standard therapy to compare the benefit of enhanced therapy, the clinical importance of central nervous system involvement, and the clinical manifestations of early syphilis infection among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients. Results: The median number of ulcers was significantly greater among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients, as was the percent of HIV-infected patients with multiple ulcers. Among patients diagnosed with secondary syphilis, a higher percentage of HIV-infected patients presented with genital ulcers [13/53 (25%)] than did HIV-uninfected patients [27/200 (14%)]. No differences between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients were detected for other secondary syphilis manifestations. Although women presented more frequently with secondary syphilis than did men, no other gender differences in clinical manifestations were noted. Neurologic complaints were reported most frequently among patients with secondary syphilis [103/248 patients (42%)] compared with patients with primary syphilis [32/136 (24%)] and early latent syphilis [48/ 142, (34%)] (P < 0.05), but no differences in neurologic complaints were apparent by HIV status or CSF abnormalities. No neurologic complaints were significantly associated with serologic treatment failures at 6 months. Conclusions: Overall, HIV infection had a small effect on the clinical manifestations of primary and secondary syphilis. Compared with HIV-uninfected patients, HIV-infected patients with primary syphilis tended to present more frequently with multiple ulcers, and HIV-infected patients with secondary syphilis presented with concomitant genitals ulcers more frequently.
Functional status in left ventricular assist device-supported patients: a literature review.

Abstract The prevalence of advanced heart failure (HF) is increasing because of the aging population and improvements in HF management strategies. Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) technology and management continue to advance rapidly, and it is anticipated that the number of LVAD implants will increase. LVADs have been demonstrated to extend life and improve outcomes in patients with advanced HF. The purpose of this article is to review and synthesize the evidence on impact of LVAD therapy on functional status. Significant functional gains were demonstrated in patients supported by LVAD throughout the 1st year, with most improvement in distance walked and peak oxygen consumption demonstrated in the 1st 6 months. Interventions to enhance exercise performance have had inconsistent effects on functional status. Poor exercise performance was associated with increased risk of adverse events. Functional status improved with LVAD therapy, although performance remained substantially reduced compared with age-adjusted norms. There is tremendous need to enhance our understanding of factors influencing functional outcomes in this high-risk population.
Occurrence of prostaglandin E3 in human urine as a result of marine oil ingestion: gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric evidence

Abstract This pilot study is an effort to elucidate the metabolic fate of dietary eicosapentaenoate in vivo and its influence on arachidonate cyclooxygenation at the renal level. The ultimate objective is to shed light on the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the physiologic effects of marine oil on humans. We found prostaglandin E3 (PGE3) in urine of a female volunteer who ingested 10–50 g/day of MaxEPA fish oil concentrate for 4 years. PGE3, a cyclooxygenase metabolite of eicosapentaenoate, could not be detected in 24-h urine pools from the same subject 16 weeks after fish oil supplementation ended. The appearance of PGE3 was concurrent with a reduction of urinary PGE2. Identification of the trienoic prostaglandin was based on comparison of chromatographic behavior of three distinct derivatives of endogenous PGE3 with that of authentic material, and on selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry.
Numerical solutions for viscous and potential flow about arbitrary two-dimensional bodies using body-fitted coordinate systems

A procedure for numerical solution of the time-dependent, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for the flow about arbitrarily shaped two-dimensional bodies is given. This solution is based on a technique of automatic numerical generation of a curvilinear coordinate system having a coordinate line coincident with the body contour regardless of its shape. The implicit solution utilizes the vorticity-stream function formulation with a false-position iterative adjustment of the surface vorticity in satisfaction of the no-slip boundary condition. Excellent agreement with the Blasius boundary layer solution is obtained for a semi-infinite flat plate. Results are presented for Reynolds numbers up to 2000 for several airfoils and a cambered rock.
Teaching Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing in the People's Republic of China

According to the World Health Organization's Health Policy Resource Book, mental disorders account for a high proportion of disability worldwide and are predicted to grow significantly in the coming years. This is especially true in developing countries such as the People's Republic of China (PRC) where, for historical social, political, and economic reasons, psychiatric mental health (PMH) nursing has not been an integral part of nursing curricula. As the number of persons in the PRC increases, so is the demand for mental health nurses, yet the PRC lacks experienced PMH nursing instructors. This article describes the challenges and opportunities that await Western PMH nursing specialists and faculty in the PRC.
An Assessment of Global Climate Model Simulations of Arctic Air Temperatures

Abstract Simulations of Arctic temperatures by 19 general circulation models are examined as part of a diagnostic subproject of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP). The forcing of all the models by observed sea surface temperatures and sea ice from a 10-yr period (1979–1988) permits comparative evaluations of the model biases as well as the models’ simulations of the interannual variations contained in the observational data. The models capture the latitudinal and seasonal variability of surface air temperatures in the Arctic, although a cold bias of −3.3°C (std dev = 3.4°C) is apparent over northern Eurasia during spring, especially in the models that do not include vegetative masking of the high-albedo snow. The 19-model mean bias over northern North America is less than 2°C in all seasons. Over the Arctic Ocean, the spring temperatures generally have a warm bias that averages 3.0 (std dev = 2.9°C), although the bias is smaller in the models in which the prescribed albedo of sea ice is ...
The gunn effect and conduction band structure in GaxIn1−xSb alloys

Abstract The observation of the Gunn effect in GaxIn1−xSb alloys is reported and shown to be consistent with a conduction band structure having a next higher set of minima along the directions in k space above the lowest conduction band minimum at the center of the Brillouin zone for all values of x.
A computational framework for exploratory data analysis in biomedical imaging

Purpose: To develop, test, and evaluate a novel unsupervised machine learning method for the analysis of multidimensional biomedical imaging data. Methods: The Exploration Machine (XOM) is introduced as a method for computing low-dimensional representations of high-dimensional observations. XOM systematically inverts functional and structural components of topology-preserving mappings. Thus, it can contribute to both structure-preserving visualization and data clustering. We applied XOM to the analysis of microarray imaging data of gene expression profiles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and to model-free analysis of functional brain MRI data by unsupervised clustering. For both applications, we performed quantitative comparisons to results obtained by established algorithms. Results: Genome data: Absolute (relative) Sammon error values were 2.21 · 10 3 (1.00) for XOM, 2.45 · 10 3 (1.11) for Sammon's mapping, 2.77 · 10 3 (1.25) for Locally Linear Embedding (LLE), 2.82 · 10 3 (1.28) for PCA, 3.36 · 10 3 (1.52) for Isomap, and 10.19 · 10 3 (4.61) for Self-Organizing Map (SOM). - Functional MRI data: Areas under ROC curves for detection of task-related brain activation were 0.984 ± 0.03 for XOM, 0.983 ± 0.02 for Minimal-Free-Energy VQ, and 0.979 ± 0.02 for SOM. Conclusion: We introduce the Exploration Machine as a novel machine learning method for the analysis of multidimensional biomedical imaging data. XOM can be successfully applied to microarray gene expression analysis and to clustering of functional brain MR image time-series. By simultaneously contributing to dimensionality reduction and data clustering, XOM is a useful novel method for data analysis in biomedical imaging.
A simple circuit for filtering single unit action potentials from electrograms

Abstract A circuit is described which is able to select single motor unit action potentials from an interference pattern. The differentiator circuit produces its effect in 2 ways: by selecting only those action potentials of fast rise-time, it reduces the number of action potentials in the record; by producing an output of short-duration pulses, the probability of superposition is reduced.
The Effects of Reducing Sodium and Increasing Potassium Intake for Control of Hypertension and Improving Health

From a world-wide, population perspective, the problem of excessive blood pressure levels for optimal cardiovascular health is immense and growing. Evidence from animal experimentation, observational epidemiology, and randomized clinical trials strongly supports efforts to change nutritional factors in desirable directions, especially to lower dietary salt and increase potassium intake.
Characterization of nanopores by standard enthalpy and entropy of adsorption of probe molecules

Abstract Numerous theories have been developed for the determination of pore size distribution in adsorbent materials. The calculated pore size distribution is sensitive to the model selected for adsorption in slits, spheres, or cylinders and cannot be independently verified by experimental methods. Physical constants which are independent of theory can be determined from equilibrium thermodynamic experiments. Given an adsorbent material and a probe molecule, these constants are: (1) pore volume; (2) standard molar enthalpy of adsorption at the limit of zero pressure; (3) standard molar entropy of adsorption at finite pressure. The standard enthalpy and entropy changes are from the initial state of a perfect gas to the final state of a hypothetical adsorbed gas that obeys Henry’s law. These standard thermodynamic properties characterize the interaction of a single probe molecule with the surface of the nanopores.
Ethanol, protein metabolism and liver injury☆

Ethanol is oxidized in the liver to two products (hydrogen and acetaldehyde) to which many of the effects of ethanol can be attributed. The hydrogen generation alters the redox state, and although this effect is attenuated after chronic ethanol consumption, it is still sufficient to explain alterations in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, possibly increased collagen deposition, and, under special circumstances, depression of the synthesis of protein. Secretion of proteins is affected by acetaldehyde. It is noteworthy that after chronic consumption of ethanol, acetaldehyde is increased, in part, because of decreased oxidation in the mitochondria, and, partly because of induction of an alternate pathway of ethanol metabolism, namely the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system. Increased acetaldehyde is associated with impaired microtubules, protein retention and swelling of the hepatocyte. Acetaldehyde also exerts toxicity with regards to other key cellular sites: it interferes with oxidation in the mitochondria, and it may promote peroxidation of cellular membranes. There is also increased microsomal activation of toxic compounds, including drugs and procarcinogens. What eventually attracts an increased number of lipocytes and fibroblasts and promotes fibrosis is not known. Alcoholic hepatitis, when present, can obviously trigger fibrosis, but the cirrhotic process occurs even in the absence of florid alcoholic hepatitis. Cirrhosis can develop despite an associated adequate diet. However, decreased intake of dietary protein or decreased absorption of amino acids derived from dietary protein may contribute to the depletion of amino acids in the liver which, in association with vitamin and other nutrient deficiencies, may potentiate the direct toxicity of alcohol. Supported by the Medical Research Service of the Veterans Administration, and USPHS Grants AA 03508, AA 00224 and AM 12511.
Photocontrol of Anthocyanin Synthesis I. Action of Short, Prolonged, and Intermittent Irradiations on the Formation of Anthocyanins in Cabbage, Mustard, and Turnip Seedlings

Red far red reversibility (phytochrome control) of anthocyanin synthesis can be easily demonstrated for the response induced by short (5 minutes) and relatively short (4 hours) irradiation. Red far red reversibility of the response induced by longer irradiations can be demonstrated by the use of cyclic irradiations alternating short exposures to red and far red light.The level of anthocyanin formed during the dark incubation period following exposure to light depends upon the duration of the irradiation and becomes proportionally smaller as the length of the irradiation increases.Production of anthocyanins under cyclic irradiations depends upon the total energy applied and upon the length of the dark interval between successive irradiations.The relative efficiencies of radiations in various spectral ranges change with changes in the length of the irradiations.
Evaluation of nutrient deficiencies in wheat seedlings by chlorophyll fluorescence

Abstract Chlorophyll fluorescence of plants is altered by conditions that affect photosynthesis and has proven useful in screening for resistance to environmental stresses. This study evaluated chlorophyll fluorescence for assessing the physiological impact of nutrient deficiencies and for diagnosing deficiencies of specific nutrients. Major nutrient (N,P,K) deficiency‐induced changes in chlorophyll fluorescence were determined in ‘Len’ hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Seedlings were grown in media containing 0, 1, 10, 50, or 100% of N and 0, 1, 10, or 100% of P and K in full‐strength Hoagland solution in a growth chamber for 22 d. Changes in initial (Fo), maximum (Fm), and variable (Fv) chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves and weight, height, and N, P, K, and Mg concentrations of shoots were measured. All chlorophyll fluorescence parameters declined significantly as N, P, and K concentrations declined, but thylakoid membrane efficiency (Fv/Fm and Fm/Fo) was stable at all nutrient levels. Relat...
Lift-Cruise Fan V/STOL Configuration Characteristics near a Small Deck

Two V/STOL model configurations utilizing lift-cruise fans for the propulsion system have been tested in the presence of a small landing platform with finite deck edge positions. Results and analysis of these tests are presented. The model was tested at both static (zero velocity) and forward speed conditions with several heights and deck edge positions. Configurations utilizing three and four fans were investigated. Incremental forces and moments induced by the various deck edge positions are analyzed as relating to the model height above the ground and the thrust velocity relationships. The test and analysis show the induced forces to be relatively unaffected by deck edge. The magnitude of forces over the partial deck are approximately the same as over the full deck.
Diagnosis and treatment of vaginal vault prolapse conditions.

P with pelvic prolapse commonly have a general state of “pelvic relaxation” with stress incontinence and some degree of vaginal prolapse coexisting in many patients. With the current generation of women maintaining a more active lifestyle into an older age, it is likely that more women will seek treatment for prolapse conditions, requiring increasing expertise on the part of the urologist in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. An active lifestyle and improved quality of life can usually be preserved; however, this requires a thorough understanding of the pelvic anatomy and pathophysiology and experience in selecting the appropriate surgical procedures. This review addresses the etiology of the vaginal vault prolapse conditions, how to diagnose them, and currently used surgical procedures.
Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of the Hydraulic System of Automotive Automatic Transmissions

This paper presents a dynamic model of the power circuits of the hydraulic system of automotive automatic transmissions. The model includes a variable-displacement vane-pump, a regulator as a load. The load may be any combination of leakage, compliance, and time-dependent hydraulic resistance. This model was used to analyze the dynamics of the hydraulic system of a conventional step-transmission under both fixed-ratio and shift conditions.
Correlation length and time in the vortex-glass critical regime in YBa2Cu3O7−x films

Abstract We report on the complex conductivity of a YBa2Cu3O7−x microbridge in the presence of magnetic field 0.5 ≤B≤6.5 T applied parallel to the c-axis. A broad range of frequences 10 ≤ f ≤ 2 × 106 Hz for the transport current passing through the bridge allows us to explore the ac dynamical response of the vortices where conflicting results have been reported, in addition to the static characteristics of the vortex system (dc limit). In consistency with the concept of a correlation length and a correlation time that diverge at the transition temperature Tg(B), we demostrate that a single value for Tg(B) can be identified in both the static and dynamical measurements, within an experimental uncertainty of 1 K. In conflict to previous reports, the real and imaginary components of the ac-linear voltage at T=Tg(B) were found to follow the same power law Vi ∝ Vo ∝ fα, with α=0.82±0.05. Finally, as T→Tg+, the critical scaling laws break down when the diverging vortex correlation length matches the film thickness of our sample and the correlation time exceeds 10 μs.
Balloon Atrial Septostomy Under Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Control: A New Outlook

Between January 1989 and February 1995 a group of 47 consecutive infants aged 31–180 days (mean 83.5 ± 48.8 days) with various cyanotic heart diseases and poor intracardiac mixing underwent balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) under two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic control in the procedure room or intensive care unit. Diagnoses were 27 cases of transposition of the great arteries (TGA), 1 mitral atresia, 9 tricuspid atresia, 7 critical pulmonary stenosis with hypoplastic right ventricle, 3 pulmonary atresia with intact interventricular septum, and 1 total anomalous pulmonary venous return. A standard subcostal view was used mainly to delineate the interatrial septum and to guide the balloon catheter. The creating (tearing) of the atrial septal defect was seen clearly during the procedure, and the 2D echocardiographic imaging was helpful for assessing the adequacy of the BAS at the end of the procedure. The results were good (5–9 mm in diameter) with no significant complications. The 2D echocardiographic scans showed no significant changes in the created atrial hole sizes during the follow-up of 1–6 months. We conclude that BAS under 2D echocardiographic control can be performed successfully and safely in infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease up to 6 months of age. This method should be considered for palliation, avoidance of surgery, or allowing the patient to survive until an appropriate time for corrective surgery.
Face bubble: photo browsing by faces

Face recognition technology presents an opportunity in computer automation to help people better organize their personal photo collections. However, the robustness of the technology needs to improve and how users interact with face clusters needs to go beyond the traditional file folder metaphor. We designed a visualization called face bubble that supports both fast one-glance view and filtering and exploration of photo collections based on face clustering results. Our clustering algorithm provides a better accuracy rate than previous work and our circular space filling visual design offers an alternative UI based on the traditional weighted list view. Other visualization techniques such as a fisheye view are also integrated into the interface for fast image browsing. Finally, fine tuning of the design based on user feedback improved the aesthetics of the visualization.
Purification of outer membrane proteins of the gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A system of protein purification, using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electroblotting, that results in purified outer membrane proteins of the gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae is described. The proteins, which ranged in apparent molecular mass from approximately 31,000 to approximately 92,000 Da, were located by naphthol blue black staining, eluted from nitrocellulose membranes using 88% formic acid, and precipitated by the addition of concentrated ammonium hydroxide. Up to 65% of the original protein present was recovered by this procedure. The resultant purified protein could then be resuspended in aqueous buffer by brief sonication, making it available for further structural and in vivo immunological analyses. Proteins purified in this manner retain their original antigenicity when probed with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, and are structurally unaltered by the purification process. This procedure makes it possible to acquire easily usable quantities of highly insoluble outer membrane proteins of gram-negative bacteria.
Explanations for the Proliferation of Economic Development Corporations Across North Dakota and South Dakota

The rural areas of the United States have experienced a proliferation of quasigovernmental institutions over the past three decades. The formation of such institutions represents an important form of local boundary change. Local boundaries determine service delivery, economic development, and intergovernmental relationships. It remains unclear, though, how the process of boundary change unfolds. Using federal and state data, I examine the ability of four general explanations of boundary change to account for the proliferation of economic development corporations across North Dakota and South Dakota. I find that their creation is not driven by economic change or need, but is more associated with property taxes per capita.
Hybrid peptide ATCUN-sh-Buforin: Influence of the ATCUN charge and stereochemistry on antimicrobial activity.

The emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria has resulted in the need to develop more potent antimicrobials that target microorganisms in a novel manner. Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) show great potential for drug development because of their broad activity and unique mechanism of action. Several AMPs contain an Amino Terminal Copper and Nickel (ATCUN) binding motif; however, its function has not yet been determined. We have previously demonstrated that the activity of a truncated version of Buforin II (sh-Buforin, RAGLQFPVGRVHRLLRK-NH2) increases by the addition of an ATCUN motif. We now focus our current studies on understanding the effect of: 1) a positively charged ATCUN sequence, and 2) l-to-d amino acid substitution on the hybrid peptides. We identified that the addition of a positively charged ATCUN motif increases the affinity of the ATCUN-AMP for DNA but does not always result in an enhanced antimicrobial activity over a neutral ATCUN motif. The all-d peptides exhibited up to a 32-fold increase in antimicrobial activity compared to the all-l peptides. The larger activity of the all-d peptides is the result of a larger DNA cleavage activity and higher stability towards proteolysis. Cytotoxicity assays determined that, at their MIC, these peptides caused less than 8% hemolysis and, at 128 μM, no toxicity to HeLa and HEK293 cell lines. These results indicate that the ATCUN-AMP hybrids are an attractive alternative for treating infectious diseases and provide key insights into the role of the ATCUN motif in naturally-occurring AMPs.
Inferring trophic transfers from pulse-dynamics in detrital food webs

In semiarid ecosystems, decomposers are active during numerous short periods following rainfall events, and most inactive in the intervening dry periods. Many studies concern season-long dynamics of decomposer populations, but less is known of the short-term dynamics during wet periods. These short-term dynamics may provide the key to understanding interactions between microbes and fauna.
Two-Photon Photoacoustic Generation Induced by NIR Femtosecond Pulses

We investigated two-photon photoacoustic generation and compared corresponding photoluminescence. Experimentals revealed quadratic dependence of photoacoustic and photoluminescence signal amplitudes to incident optical fluence.
Studies of light nuclei beyond the particle driplines: the two-proton emitter 12O

Abstract The decay dynamics of the ground state two proton emitter 12O, which lies beyond the proton dripline, were investigated following the population of 12O via single-neutron stripping of an 13O projectile. The decay products, two protons and 10C, were detected in coincidence and correlations among these particles were studied. No evidence was seen for 2He emission in the decay. This appears consistent with direct breakup or possibly sequential decay through 11N.
Three-dimensional lithographical fabrication of microchannels

With the rapid development of microfluidic systems, there is high demand for fabrication methods for the fluidic components that can be used to realize complex three-dimensional (3-D) geometries, high integration levels, full compatibility with sensing and controlling circuits, and possess batch fabrication capability. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate such a method based on a novel 3-D lithography technique. The method employs commercially available photoresist and standard lithography facilities. Single-level microchannels with micron-size cross sections up to 1.2 mm in length, as well as multilevel channels with unique 3-D structures, have been fabricated using the proposed method. This method allows direct postintegration of microchannels with previously fabricated integrated circuits without etching, bonding or additional material deposition except resist spin coating. Using this method, the fabrication of microchannels can be greatly simplified, and many unique 3-D topologies beyond the ability of current techniques can be obtained.
Modifications to the cavopulmonary anastomosis do not eliminate early sinus node dysfunction

Abstract Objective: To determine whether operations that theoretically jeopardize the sinus node (hemi-Fontan and/or lateral tunnel Fontan procedures) are associated with a greater risk of sinus node dysfunction than those that theoretically spare the sinus node (bidirectional Glenn and/or extracardiac conduit). Methods: Between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 1999, a prospective cohort study was conducted evaluating the incidence of sinus node dysfunction in patients undergoing a bidirectional Glenn or hemi-Fontan procedure and those in whom the Fontan repair was completed with either an extracardiac conduit or a lateral tunnel. Sinus node dysfunction was defined (1) as a heart rate more than 2 SD below age-adjusted norms or (2) as a predominant junctional rhythm and/or a sinus pause of more than 3 seconds as determined by the resting electrocardiogram and/or ambulatory monitoring at hospital discharge. Results: Fifty-one patients had a bidirectional Glenn shunt (mean age 7.8 ± 5.1 months) and 79 a hemi-Fontan procedure (mean age 6.9 ± 2.8 months). The incidence of sinus node dysfunction on postoperative day 1 was significantly higher after the hemi-Fontan (36%) than after the bidirectional Glenn shunt (9.8%); however, by hospital discharge this difference was no longer apparent (hemi-Fontan [8%]; bidirectional Glenn [6%]; P = not significant). No difference in early sinus node dysfunction was discernible after the extracardiac conduit (4/30 [13%]) compared with the lateral tunnel Fontan procedure (6/46 [13%]) ( P = not significant). No diagnostic or perioperative variables were predictive of sinus node dysfunction. Conclusions: Avoidance of surgery near the sinus node has no discernible effect on the development of early sinus node dysfunction. Thus, concerns about early sinus node dysfunction should not override patient anatomy or surgeon preference as determinants of which cavopulmonary anastomosis to perform. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;120:891-901)
Linear and nonlinear properties of platinum electrode polarisation. Part 1: frequency dependence at very low frequencies

The polarisation impedance of the platinum electrode was measured in physiological saline (0·9% NaCl) over six decades of frequencies down to 1 mHz. The applicability, of Fricke’s phase angle rule was verified down to 10 mHz. The resistive shunt which emerges at lower frequencies was shown to be equivalent to the direct current (d.c.) impedance of the interface. A Cole-Cole (1941) type of relaxation model is proposed to describe the interface behaviour over all frequency ranges. Nonlinear polarisation measurments have demonstrated the validity of Schwan’s limit law of linearity at very low frequencies.
Multi-layered polymeric nanoparticles for pH-responsive and sequenced release of theranostic agents

In this study, multi-layered pH-responsive polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared by multiple (up to 4) emulsifications to encapsulate multiple hydrophilic and hydrophobic theranostic agents for controlled and sequenced release. It is found that the sequence of release of multiple chemotherapeutic agents from the NPs significantly affects their efficacy against cancer cells.
The trends in airway obstructive disease morbidity in the Tucson Epidemiological Study.

An analysis of the incidence and prevalence rates of airway obstructive diseases (AOD) has been conducted in adults in the Tucson community population under study, covering nine surveys, 1972 to 1985 inclusive. It was found that rates of diagnoses increased from initial surveys within each age group, possibly due to the effect of the study per se. The rates increased even more in each age cohort until age 65, demonstrating the effects of aging. Cohort changes in smoking were greater than cross-sectional differences between age groups. The incidence rates of diagnoses with functional impairment are about 7/1000 and are greater in smokers and in males. The new cases of AOD were defined both by functional impairment and/or physician diagnoses. They had lower pulmonary function at the initial examination. This implies a natural history of AOD that starts well before clinical diagnoses. New cases of diseases had a variegated set of associated risk factors. In addition to smoking, there were contributions made ...
On-line accuracy assessment for the dual six-port ANA: Background and theory

One of the major challenges confronting the microwave metrologist today is that of providing an accuracy assessment for the automatic network analyzer (ANA). This paper provides the background and theory for the recently developed on-line solution now in use with the six-port systems at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS).
Controlling organic reactions on silicon surfaces with a scanning tunneling microscope: Theoretical and experimental studies of resonance-mediated desorption

The dynamics of tip-induced, resonance-mediated bond-breaking in complex organic adsorbates is studied theoretically and experimentally. Desorption of benzene from a Si(100) surface is found to be efficient and sensitive to voltage, the measured yield rising from below 10(-10) to ca. 10(-6) per electron within a ca. 0.8 V range at low (< 100 pA) current. A theoretical model, based upon first principles electronic structure calculations and quantum mechanical wavepacket simulations, traces these observations to multi-mode dynamics triggered by a transition into a cationic resonance. The model is generalized to provide understanding of, and suggest a means of control over, the behaviour of different classes of organic adsorbates under tunneling current.
Nano-batteries in a carry fluid as power supply: Freeform geometry, superfast refilling, and heat self-dissipation

This letter proposes and analyzes a system composed of many micro- or nano-scale batteries. Each battery is a self-contained Li-ion micro-battery enclosed in an insulating shell, and can charge/ discharge wirelessly or through contacts. Thousands of such batteries are carried by an inert fluid to form a power fluid to drive an electric vehicle. This power fluid can be stored in the tank and replaced easily with a fully charged fluid by refilling once its energy is depleted. The system can provide better energy density, higher power density, and extremely fast “charging” within minutes. The architecture eliminates the large over-capacity design in the current battery packs, significantly reducing the weight and cost. It would also enable progressive improvements of vehicle performance by replacing the micro-batteries. The battery system has flexible geometry, and therefore can essentially go into a storage space of any geometry, allowing uniform design of battery configurations for diverse applications.
Fluid delivery systems for arthroscopy.

In any type of surgery, good exposure is critical for success. In arthroscopy, "good exposure" translates into obtaining and maintaining good visualization throughout the procedure. Good visualization, in turn, requires a properly functioning optical system (lens, scope, and camera/video equipment) and adequate joint distention by a system that delivers and maintains an optically clear medium into the joint. Proper distention of the joint by a clear medium facilitates accurate diagnosis as well as safe and efficient manipulation of the arthroscope and surgical instrumentation. Lack of adequate joint dis tent ion is probably the most common avoidable cause of poor visualization in arthroscopy (1). Since synovial fluid is a poor optical medium, with no potential for the surgeon to control its volume in the joint, it is replaced, for arthroscopy, with either gas (2,3,4) or fluid (5,6,7). At the present time, joint distention is most commonly accomplished by pressurizing the joint with a liquid medium such as saline or Ringer's lactate (8). With the rapid growth of arthroscopy over the past 15 years, two basic types of fluid delivery systems have evolved: (a) a gravity-feed method, sometimes called "the drip method," where a fluid bag (usually 3 L) is elevated 4 -5 ft above the joint from an i.v. pole, and (b) an automated mechanical pumping system. The purpose of this article is to review the setup and use of these systems, as well as the inherent advantages and disadvantages of each.
Frequency-domain Steiglitz-McBride method for least-squares IIR filter design, ARMA modeling, and periodogram smoothing

The classic Steiglitz-McBride (mode-1) time-domain algorithm for least-squares approximation of desired impulse responses for IIR digital filters or ARMA signal models is reformulated in the frequency domain to allow the direct least-squares approximation of either complex-valued or magnitude-only frequency responses, as well as power-density spectra, including periodograms. The resulting (stable) designs in the complex-valued case with both magnitude- and phase-response specifications can be either causal or noncausal, as appropriate to the phase, while the magnitude-only designs can always be made causal and minimum-phase. The periodogram models provide effective spectral smoothing without the need for averaging of data blocks, although averaging can be used, if desired, to reduce the computation. The filter coefficients can be either real- or complex-valued, corresponding to conjugate-symmetric or asymmetric frequency responses, respectively.
An Exploratory Study on the Impact of Self-Service Technology on Restaurant Operations

Abstract The introduction of self-service technology (SST) into the casual dining segment is looming upon the horizon. This paper examines the involvement of customers in the service process, SSTs in the retail industry, and finally SSTs in the casual dining segment and the response of customers to an alpha SST location in the casual dining segment. The findings indicate the most frequently liked features were convenience, easy to use, and fast service. Multiple correspondence analysis showed that customer preferences and suggestions vary by their demographic characteristics, which imply that system features should be customized to targeted markets. Practical implications are discussed.
Faulty Self-Assessment: Why Evaluating One's Own Competence Is an Intrinsically Difficult Task

People’s perception of their competence often diverges from their true level of competence. We argue that people have such erroneous view of their competence because self-evaluation is an intrinsically difficult task. People live in an information environment that does not contain all the data they need for accurate self-evaluation. The information environment is insufficient in two ways. First, when making selfjudgments, people lack crucial categories of information necessary to reach accurate evaluations. Second, although people receive feedback over time that could correct faulty self-assessments, this feedback is often biased, difficult to recognize, or otherwise flawed. Because of the difficulty in making inferences based on such limited and misleading data, it is unreasonable to expect that people will prove accurate in judgments of their skills.
Recordings, behaviour and models related to corticothalamic feedback

In this paper, we review recent work on aspects of corticothalamic interactions in the auditory and in the visual systems. There are gross similarities in the arrangements of these systems, but considerable contrasts in the processing computations and in the effects of corticothalamic feedback.