cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Xwnt-11: a maternally expressed Xenopus wnt gene

We have isolated and characterized a novel Xenopus wnt gene, Xwnt-11, whose expression pattern and overexpression phenotype suggest that it may be important for dorsal-ventral axis formation. Xwnt-11 mRNA is present during oogenesis and embryonic development through swimming tadpole stages. Xwnt-11 mRNA is ubiquitous in early oocytes and is localized during mid-oogenesis. By late oocyte stages, Xwnt-11 mRNA is localized to the vegetal cortex, with some mRNA in the vegetal cytoplasm. After egg maturation, Xwnt-11 mRNA is released from the vegetal cortex and is found in the vegetal cytoplasm. This early pattern of Xwnt-11 mRNA localization is similar to another vegetally localized maternal mRNA, Vg1 (D. A. Melton (1987) Nature 328, 80-82). In the late blastula, Xwnt-11 mRNA is found at high levels in the dorsal marginal zone. As gastrulation proceeds, Xwnt-11 mRNA appears in the lateral and ventral marginal zone and, during tadpole stages, it is found in the somites and first branchial arch. Injection of Xwnt-11 mRNA into UV-ventralized embryos can substantially rescue the UV defect by inducing the formation of dorsal tissues. The rescued embryos develop somitic muscle and neural tube; however, they lack notochord and anterior head structures.
Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome: Broadening the spectrum

We present 3 individuals, a mother, her son, and an unrelated child, with a number of manifestations reported in the branchio-oculo-facial syndrome (BOFS). The former 2 individuals lacked the ocular and branchial abnormalities normally encountered in this syndrome. However, unilateral renal agenesis was present in the first child, a defect infrequently found in the BOF syndrome. Both the mother and her son also had bilateral supra-auricular sinuses. These defects may represent persistence of the otic vesicle sinus tract. The second child has a mild expression of this condition, among the mildest reported in the literature. The BOFS appears to represent a spectrum involving the development of the optic vesicles, branchial arches, eyes, face, lips, and kidneys. The variations seen in this disorder and the overlap between this condition and the branchio-oto-renal syndrome may represent different mutations within a single gene or may be a contiguous gene deletion syndrome.
Service Reliability Theory and Engineering, I: Foundations

The concepts and methods of reliability theory and engineering are applied to services. This has not yet been done in a systematic fashion because services are intangible and the primitives and con...
The mud-shrimp genus Axianassa Schmitt, 1924 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Axianassidae) in the Indo-West Pacific, with description of a new species from French Polynesia

A new species of the mud-shrimp genus Axianassa Schmitt, 1924 is described based on four specimens collected in a muddy near-shore area inside the Moorea lagoon, Society Islands, French Polynesia. Axianassa ngochoae n. sp. constitutes the first Indo-West Pacific record of this genus, previously known only from the western and eastern coasts of the Americas. A key to all species of Axianassa is provided.
The influence of surfactant and organic matter content on wetting pattern of different non-water repellent soils

Non-ionic surfactants have been well researched as a tool to ameliorate water repellent conditions. However, few studies have evaluated the risks and benefits of non-ionic surfactant applications in wettable soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a surfactant in modifying the wetting pattern in soils of different textures and organic matter contents. The experimental treatments consisted of (1) four different soil textures including sandy, sandy loam, sandy clay loam and silt loam, (2) four different organic matter contents (0.2, 0.7, 1.2 and 1.7% by weight), and (3) irrigation water treatments with or without surfactant (IrrigAid Gold). The experiment was carried out in Plexiglas boxes with one drip emitter under the soil surface. The results demonstrated the superiority of surfactant application on increasing water distribution in the soil profile for all soil textural classes. Silt loam texture had the highest side wetted area and wetting depth 45min after the initiation of irrigation. Upward capillary water movement and top wetted area significantly decreased in the surfactant treatment across all soil textures except in sandy soil. As organic matter content increased, top wetted area decreased. These findings clarified the potential ability of surfactant in increasing water infiltration in non-repellent soil in an in vitro system.
Histamine increases phosphorylation of 27- and 40-kDa parietal cell proteins.

Purified, hormonally responsive parietal cells from rabbit gastric mucosae were used as a model to study intracellular mechanisms controlling parietal cell HCl secretion. Using a high-resolution, t...
Ammonia Intoxication and Intermediary Metabolism

SummaryAmmonia intoxication of rats markedly increased blood glucose, pyruvate. α-ketoglutarate and ammonia concentrations. Ammonia intoxication of horses produced similar changes in the blood metabolites and the sequence of these events was as follows: blood ammonia increased and α-ketoglutarate decreased during the first 2 hr, but then increased very rapidly. These changes were followed by increases in blood glucose and pyruvate concentrations. Ammonia intoxication did not affect liver mono-, di- or triphosphates of adenine and guanine. These findings indicate that a primary lesion in ammonia intoxication is a derangement of intermediary carbohydrate metabolism.This research was financially supported by a grant from The Nutrition Foundation and U.S. Public Health Service, Grant No. GM-16538-01. The authors acknowledge the assistance of Mabel Goetchius, John Milner and Gary Gibson.
Curriculum and the Morality of Aesthetics (1985)

Beginning with a desire to develop an aesthetic model for curriculum and teaching in the arts, the author was challenged by an awakening of her moral concerns within arts education. First considering multiple sources who found a connection between morality and art or the aesthetic dimension, she finds limitations to each of their arguments, realizing further exploration of both the moral dimension and the aesthetic dimension was called for. The work of Martin Buber, Carol Gilligan, and James Macdonald is used to illuminate the significance of relationship as central to understanding the moral dimension. In probing the significance of relationship to the aesthetic dimension, the author identifies three particular views of relationship in art, each with quite different implications when applied to curriculum. Finding moral limitations to the first two (the objectivist approach emphasizing relationships within the work of art, and a second emphasizing relationship between the perceiver and the art work), the author proposes a third. An emphasis on the relationship between the perceiver and the larger world, with the aesthetic object as the lens through which we see/make sense of the reality of being a person-in-the-world, is suggested as the only kind of aesthetic model which sufficiently responds to moral concerns in curriculum.
Motives for Finding Alternative Proofs

Four motives for seeking new proofs of previously established results have already been mentioned in Chapter 1: the desires (1) to correct errors or fill perceived gaps in earlier arguments; (2) to eliminate superfluous or controversial hypotheses; (3) to extend a theorem’s range of validity; and (4) to make proofs more perspicuous.
Towards Developing an Integrative Framework in the Study of Distribution Channels

In the last decade there has been growing attention to analysis and explanation of marketing channel behavior. A few attempts were undertaken to integrate the cumulative knowledge and partial explanations of marketing channels into a comprehensive holistic concept. In this quest, this study tries to refine some of the concepts in studying and understanding the political, social, and economic influences on the channel system. Specifically, behavioral concepts such as conflict, power, and dependency are discussed. Concepts, such as system, structure, process, economy, and polity, are also examined. Based on these conceptual explanations an integrative holistic model of channel‐member behavior is proposed. It is hoped that this study contributes to the conceptual clarity and exploratory research in marketing channels.
MicroRNA-433 Dampens Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling, Impacting Circadian Rhythm and Osteoblastic Gene Expression

Serum glucocorticoids play a critical role in synchronizing circadian rhythm in peripheral tissues, and multiple mechanisms regulate tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoids. In the skeleton, circadian rhythm helps coordinate bone formation and resorption. Circadian rhythm is regulated through transcriptional and post-transcriptional feedback loops that include microRNAs. How microRNAs regulate circadian rhythm in bone is unexplored. We show that in mouse calvaria, miR-433 displays robust circadian rhythm, peaking just after dark. In C3H/10T1/2 cells synchronized with a pulse of dexamethasone, inhibition of miR-433 using a tough decoy altered the period and amplitude of Per2 gene expression, suggesting that miR-433 regulates rhythm. Although miR-433 does not directly target the Per2 3'-UTR, it does target two rhythmically expressed genes in calvaria, Igf1 and Hif1α. miR-433 can target the glucocorticoid receptor; however, glucocorticoid receptor protein abundance was unaffected in miR-433 decoy cells. Rather, miR-433 inhibition dramatically enhanced glucocorticoid signaling due to increased nuclear receptor translocation, activating glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional targets. Last, in calvaria of transgenic mice expressing a miR-433 decoy in osteoblastic cells (Col3.6 promoter), the amplitude of Per2 and Bmal1 mRNA rhythm was increased, confirming that miR-433 regulates circadian rhythm. miR-433 was previously shown to target Runx2, and mRNA for Runx2 and its downstream target, osteocalcin, were also increased in miR-433 decoy mouse calvaria. We hypothesize that miR-433 helps maintain circadian rhythm in osteoblasts by regulating sensitivity to glucocorticoid receptor signaling.
Elder Fraud and Financial Exploitation: Application of Routine Activity Theory.

Background and objectives Elder financial exploitation, committed by individuals in positions of trust, and elder fraud, committed by predatory strangers, are two forms of financial victimization that target vulnerable older adults. This study analyzes differences between fraud and financial exploitation victims and tests routine activity theory as a contextual model for victimization. Routine activity theory predicts that criminal opportunities arise when a motivated offender and suitable target meet in the absence of capable guardians. Research design and methods Fifty-three financial exploitation and fraud cases were sampled from an elder abuse forensic center. Data include law enforcement and caseworker investigation reports, victim medical records, perpetrator demographic information, and forensic assessments of victim health and cognitive functioning. Results Fraud and financial exploitation victims performed poorly on tests of cognitive functioning and financial decision making administered by a forensic neuropsychologist following the allegations. Based on retrospective record review, there were few significant differences in physical health and cognitive functioning at the time victims' assets were taken, although their social contexts were different. Significantly more fraud victims were childless compared with financial exploitation victims. Fraud perpetrators took advantage of elders when they had no trustworthy friends or relatives to safeguard their assets. Discussion and implications Findings support an adapted routine activity theory as a contextual model for financial victimization. Fraud most often occurred when a vulnerable elder was solicited by a financial predator in the absence of capable guardians. Prevention efforts should focus on reducing social isolation to enhance protection.
Accuracy of Novel Computed Tomography–Guided Frameless Stereotactic Drilling and Catheter System in Human Cadavers

Objective To evaluate accuracy of a computed tomography (CT)–guided frameless stereotactic drilling and catheter system. Methods A prospective, single-arm study was performed using human cadaver heads to evaluate placement accuracy of a novel, flexible intracranial catheter and stabilizing bone anchor system and drill kit. There were 20 catheter placements included in the analysis. The primary endpoint was accuracy of catheter tip location on intraoperative CT. Secondary endpoints included target registration error and entry and target point error before and after drilling. Measurements are reported as mean ± SD (median, range). Results Target registration error was 0.46 mm ± 0.26 (0.50 mm, −1.00 to 1.00 mm). Two (10%) target point trajectories were negatively impacted by drilling. Intracranial catheter depth was 59.8 mm ± 9.4 (60.5 mm, 38.0–80.0 mm). Drilling angle was 22° ± 9 (21°, 7°–45°). Deviation between planned and actual entry point on CT was 1.04 mm ± 0.38 (1.00 mm, 0.40–2.00 mm). Deviation between planned and actual target point on CT was 1.60 mm ± 0.98 (1.40 mm, 0.40–4.00 mm). No correlation was observed between intracranial catheter depth and target point deviation (accuracy) (Pearson coefficient 0.018) or between technician experience and accuracy (Pearson coefficient 0.020). There was no significant difference in accuracy with trajectories performed for different cadaver heads ( P = 0.362). Conclusions Highly accurate catheter placement is achievable using this novel flexible catheter and bone anchor system placed via frameless stereotaxy, with an average deviation between planned and actual target point of 1.60 mm ± 0.98 (1.40 mm, 0.40–4.00 mm).
A View of the Global Scene

Using reports issued by the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations (UN), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Commission, World Economic Forum and several consulting firms and research institutes, as well as newspaper articles, the author reviews the global political and economic scene; and concludes that the situation is bad and getting worse. Income and wealth gaps are wide and continue to widen; poverty is wide and becoming structural, unemployment is high, particularly among the youth of the world, discrimination is on the rise; despair is spreading, causing radicalism and terrorism to increase; public, private and corporate debt is high and rising; and wars and tension are overwhelming most parts of the world. All of this is crying out for attention.
Fluctuations and Dissipation in Problems of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics

Truncated descriptions of geophysical flow fields are often used to model the most important macroscopic features of the atmosphere. Fluctuations are typically added to these descriptions as a heuristic way of including the effect of the degrees of freedom that have been omitted in the truncated description. For example, truncated geophysical hydrodynamic systems with multiple equilibria have been used as models of atmospheric blocking. The fluctuations phenomenologically added to these models provide a mechanism for the transition between equilibrium states. Using a systematic reduction procedure we arrive at such a model including the effects of fluctuations and dissipation arising from small scale structure in the atmosphere.
Primary Adenocarcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland: A Retrospective Study

Background: Primary adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland is rare and usually appears in the literature as case reports. The authors retrospectively studied cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland to determine which of the currently used methods was most effective in treating this tumor. Methods: The authors requested cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland from orbital surgeons and ocular pathologists worldwide. Of the cases referred, 13 examples of primary adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland could be confirmed and studied for clinical features, management, and outcome. Results: The authors have follow-up data on all 13 patients. Six patients died of cancer, three are alive with recurrence, and four are alive and disease-free. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the authors ascertain that primary adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland is not inevitably fatal and should be treated with exenteration and adjuvant radiotherapy as soon as a histologic diagnosis is established. Shorter duration of symptoms before treatment appears to decrease the chance of metastases and increase the chance of long-term survival.
The common sense model: an organizing framework for knowledge development in nursing.

The common sense model emphasizes the importance of persons' perceptions or beliefs about their health and illness, and has potential for guiding knowledge development in nursing. This paper describes the model, reviews the existing relevant literature, and organizes the literature within the framew
Methods and Applications of Phosphorus NMR Spectroscopy In Vivo

Abstract Phosphorus-31 MRS is one of the earliest in vivo MRS methods. It was widely employed by the MR community even before the advent of clinical MRI and is an excellent technique to study in vivo metabolism associated with bioenergy and cell membranes. During its almost 40 years practice in in vivo research, there have been many reviews. In this review, we focus on the past 5 years of research applications and development, based on a PUBMED search using the keywords “phosphorus-31 OR 31P” and “MRS”. In addition to reporting the current trend of 31 P MRS technical development, we also emphasize its application in biomedical research, particularly in disease diagnosis and biomarkers. We also give brief comments on the future direction of in vivo 31 P MRS.
Boosting Distributed Constraint Networks

Competition and cooperation can boost the performance of a combinatorial search process. Both can be implemented with a portfolio of algorithms which run in parallel, give hints to each other and compete for being the first to finish and deliver the solution. In this chapter we present a new generic framework for the application of algorithms for distributed constraint satisfaction that makes use of both cooperation and competition. This framework improves the performance of two different standard algorithms by one order of magnitude. Furthermore, it can reduce the risk of poor performance by up to three orders of magnitude diminishing the heavy-tailed behaviour of complete distributed search.
CHAPTER 32 – Ectopic Locations of Parathyroid Glands

This chapter discusses the importance of identification of the location of ectopic parathyroid glands to the surgeon undertaking a neck or mediastinal exploration for either primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Although relatively infrequent, ectopic parathyroid glands are the most common cause of failure when the neck is explored by an experienced parathyroid surgeon. Because of the possible ectopic location of a hyperplastic parathyroid gland in any neck exploration, it is essential that as each gland is identified it is characterized as a superior or inferior gland based on its anatomic location and relationships to other anatomic structures. Thus, when three normal glands have been found and the missing gland has not been identified after a careful search in the usual locations, a systematic exploration can be made in the known ectopic locations for that gland based on its embryologic origin. Rarely, the cause of hyperparathyroidism may be due to an ectopic supernumerary determined by finding four normal glands. In this unusual situation, the surgeon's search cannot focus on the embryologic domain of one specific gland, but must extend to the entire neck and all known accessible ectopic sites before termination of the exploration.
Introducing Interprofessional Education to BSN and CLS Students Using a Simulated Healthcare Setting

Healthcare professions face complex care environments with growing attention to the number of preventable hospital deaths. Interprofessional communication and teamwork are key elements in reducing medical errors, and are core competencies of interprofessional collaborative practice. Interprofessional education occurs when students from different disciplines learn together, and/or when faculty from one discipline instruct students in another. Simulated healthcare scenarios provide high-impact learning environments for students with many benefits. Simulation-interprofessional education has been used very little between Clinical Laboratory Sciences and BSN nursing students. The faculty from a growing university sought to improve student-learning outcomes through team-teaching and student role playing in simulation and science laboratories. Two IPE projects were undertaken. Both projects demonstrated increases in the cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains of learning. ABBREVIATIONS:IPCP – Interprofessional collaborative practice, IPE – Interprofessional education, CLS – Clinical Laboratory Science, BSN – Bachelor of Science in Nursing, NSSL – Nursing Skills and Simulation Learning Center, NAACLS – National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences
Low-Frequency Mutational Heterogeneity of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Subtypes: Information to Direct Precision Oncology.

Information regarding the role of low-frequency hotspot cancer-driver mutations (CDMs) in breast carcinogenesis and therapeutic response is limited. Using the sensitive and quantitative Allele-specific Competitor Blocker PCR (ACB-PCR) approach, mutant fractions (MFs) of six CDMs (PIK3CA H1047R and E545K, KRAS G12D and G12V, HRAS G12D, and BRAF V600E) were quantified in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs; including ~20 samples per subtype). Measurable levels (i.e., ≥ 1 × 10−5, the lowest ACB-PCR standard employed) of the PIK3CA H1047R, PIK3CA E545K, KRAS G12D, KRAS G12V, HRAS G12D, and BRAF V600E mutations were observed in 34/81 (42%), 29/81 (36%), 51/81 (63%), 9/81 (11%), 70/81 (86%), and 48/81 (59%) of IDCs, respectively. Correlation analysis using available clinicopathological information revealed that PIK3CA H1047R and BRAF V600E MFs correlate positively with maximum tumor dimension. Analysis of IDC subtypes revealed minor mutant subpopulations of critical genes in the MAP kinase pathway (KRAS, HRAS, and BRAF) were prevalent across IDC subtypes. Few triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) had appreciable levels of PIK3CA mutation, suggesting that individuals with TNBC may be less responsive to inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. These results suggest that low-frequency hotspot CDMs contribute significantly to the intertumoral and intratumoral genetic heterogeneity of IDCs, which has the potential to impact precision oncology approaches.
Artifacts, Agency and Classroom Activity: Materialist Perspectives on Mathematics Education Technology.

This article analyzes an episode of classroom mathematics activity mediated by graphing technology from 3 different theoretical perspectives. An important line of research in the learning sciences ...
Emotional and Cognitive Outcomes Associated With a Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Hospitalization

Date Presented 04/06/19 Study aim was to evaluate the frequency and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms and cognitive impairment at ICU dismissal and three months after hospital dismissal. Delirium, days of invasive ventilator use, and ICU length of stay were associated with worse psychocognitive scores. Data indicates cognitive impairment and anxiety and depression symptoms can be present at ICU dismissal, but not significantly different across ICU settings, suggesting an OT role in intervention and assessment. Primary Author and Speaker: Jennifer Bergstrom Additional Authors and Speakers: Leah Struss
Intrinsic Myocardial Function and Relationship with Left Ventricular Unloading in Patients Supported on CF-LVAD Therapy

Purpose Despite strong interest in left ventricular recovery, no clinical data exist on the relationship between intrinsic myocardial function and reverse remodeling or LVAD unloading. We sought to evaluate this interaction. Methods Patients implanted with continuous flow LVADs between 2015 and 2018 who underwent combined LHC/RHC ramp protocol at a single institution were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were significant valve disease, inability to optimize hemodynamically during ramp study, or inotropic therapy. Hemodynamic data including peak LV dP/dt and tau were obtained. Results Among a cohort of 62 patients undergoing LHC/RHC study, 25 patients were included (12 with LVEF ≥25%, augLV, and 13 with LVEF Conclusion Significant correlations between intrinsic myocardial function and reverse remodeling as well as aortic pulsatility were noted. A greater reliance on LVAD for unloading is noted at higher speeds, suggesting excessive LVAD unloading may be detrimental. Future work should focus on defining the optimal level of LVAD support, particularly in relation to LV recovery and functional outcomes.
Correction to: The Relationship Between Training Load and Injury in Athletes: A Systematic Review

"Cox proportional hazards regression models with frailty found no difference in injured vs. unin-jured players with week-to-week changes of 60%, controlling for scapular con-trol, isometric rotational and abduction strength, and shoulder range of motion (p value ranges 0.09-0.68).
Semiclassical Methods for Large Molecules of Biological Importance

Protein and nucleic acids are the instruments by which chemical and physical processing takes place in living systems. The twenty amino acids and four nucleotides of which proteins and nucleic acids, respectively, are composed provide the range of chemical functionality necessary to carry out this processing. Through the structural arrangement and motional characteristics of chemically labile groups, these biopolymers control and conduct transport, chemical synthesis and degradation processes which are necessary for their functioning. Thus, the detailed investigation of motion, structure and reactivity of proteins and nucleic acids is the key to understanding biological systems at a molecular level, and presents a major challenge to biologists, chemists and physicists.
An Overview of the 1991 Reconnaissance Cruise of the Acoustic Reverberation Special Research Program

The Reconnaissance Cruise of the ONR Acoustic Reverberation Special Research Program (ARSRP) was conducted in July - August, 1991. The tracks were west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at approximately 26° N from 45° — 53° W. The seafloor in this region is rough with no or very thin sediment cover. The acoustic signals used were centered at 250 Hz with bandwidths up to +/- 40 Hz, the transmitter was a ten element, 5 wavelength, vertical array, the receiver was a 128 element, 64 wavelength, horizontal array. The ARSRP Reconnaissance Cruise was the first of two experiments in this area with the objective of determining the characteristics of low grazing angle bottom reverberation. The second is planned for 1994 and will use in situ arrays and sources, towed source and receiver arrays, bistatic receivers and high resolution bathymetry obtained during a 1993 Geophysical Cruise for the ARSRP. This paper provides an overview of the ARSRP Recon Cruise.
Resilience to acute sleep deprivation is associated with attenuation of hippocampal mediated learning impairment

Background: Sleep deprivation is a universal issue that affects individuals in different ways. While some individuals experience a deficit in performance, others experience resiliency as they maintain high levels of physical and mental activity. Sleep loss is known to cause cognitive dysfunction in areas such as learning and memory, but little is known about neural mechanisms that contribute to resilience to this adverse effect. Methods: An existing database of a learning paradigm in sleep deprived and non-sleep deprived 16 to 18-month old C57BL/6 mice was used to identify fast learners and slow learners based on an R2 value representing the learning curve of each individual mouse. Results: Results showed that sleep deprived mice had more slow learners compared to fast learners whereas non-sleep-deprived mice showed the opposite. Hippocampal immunohistochemistry and digital imaging analysis showed sleep deprived, fast learners expressed lower levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and histone deacetylase 2 and higher levels of synaptophysin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor compared to sleep-deprived slow learners. Conclusions: These observations provide evidence to suggest that sleep-deprived mice that performed well in a cognitive assay show less hippocampal mediated learning impairment and provide the rationale for further investigations into neurobiological resilience to sleep deprivation with increasing age. Keywords: Sleep deprivation, resiliency, learning impairment, aging, neuropathology, hippocampus
Temperature-responsive smart tracers for field-measurement of inter-well thermal evolution: Heterogeneous kinetics and field demonstration

Abstract Temperature-responsive smart tracers enable advanced warning of a “premature thermal breakthrough” and may therefore improve reservoir management and reduce financial risk. A successful calculation of inter-well fluid temperatures requires that temperature-dependent kinetics are known, which typically result from homogeneous batch reactor experiments. However, recent meso-scale field experiments at the Altona Field Laboratory involving fluid flow in a discretely-fractured reservoir suggest that silica-fluid interfaces may accelerate hydrolysis kinetics. Here, the Arrhenius parameters of phenyl acetate hydrolysis are investigated under heterogeneous reaction conditions in packed-bed column experiments. The breakthrough curve of the reaction product is compared to an inert reference tracer (carbon-cored nanoparticles). Temperatures experienced during field testing ranging from 10 to 40 ℃ were studied using a phosphate buffer solution to maintain a near-neutral pH, as found in the reservoir. The empirically-determined pre-exponential factor and activation energy values are subsequently used in a first-order kinetic model to improve calculations of effective reservoir temperatures for these meso-scale field tests. The results suggest that hydrolysis reactions can directly monitor inter-well reservoir temperatures, but only if the influence of solid-fluid interactions are carefully accounted for.
Design and analysis of buffered crossbars and banyans with cut-through switching

The design and approximation analyses of discrete-time buffered crossbar and banyans with cut-through switching are presented. The crossbar switches can contain: (1) input FIFO (first in, first out) queuing, (2) input bypass queuing where the FIFO discipline is relaxed, (3) a novel scheme called restricted output queuing where the number of simultaneous arrivals to an output queue is upper bounded, or (4) a novel combination of input FIFO and restricted output queuing. An analysis for the delay distribution of a packet leaving the network is presented. Restricted output queuing (or combined input and restricted output queuing) can rival the performance of pure output queuing, while requiring far less hardware.
Applications and challenges of AI-based algorithms in the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic is shifting the digital transformation era into high gear. Artificial intelligence (AI) and, in particular, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are being applied on multiple fronts to overcome the pandemic. However, many obstacles prevent greater implementation of these innovative technologies in the clinical arena. The goal of this narrative review is to provide clinicians and other readers with an introduction to some of the concepts of AI and to describe how ML and DL algorithms are being used to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. First, we describe the concept of AI and some of the requisites of ML and DL, including performance metrics of commonly used ML models. Next, we review some of the literature relevant to outbreak detection, contact tracing, forecasting an outbreak, detecting COVID-19 disease on medical imaging, prognostication and drug and vaccine development. Finally, we discuss major limitations and challenges pertaining to the implementation of AI to solve the real-world problem of the COVID-19 pandemic. Equipped with a greater understanding of this technology and AI's limitations, clinicians may overcome challenges preventing more widespread applications in the clinical management of COVID-19 and future pandemics. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
Security Issues of Mobile Devices: A Survey

Mobile devices are being used more frequently and for more activities in daily life. Cell phones, for example are no longer being used only for communication. They have also become primary tools for business and financial use. Mobile devices are now a major target for attack and many users are unaware that they are even vulnerable. With these devices being used for more tasks involving sensitive information, it is important for users to be aware of these vulnerabilities. This paper aims to identify common attacks on these devices and describe methods to combat them. Bluetooth attacks will have a more in-depth examination covering various attacks on Bluetooth devices and the solutions, if any, to stop them.
South Africa: A Selected Bibliography of Recent Works

(1985). South Africa: A Selected Bibliography of Recent Works. The Black Scholar: Vol. 16, U.S. Anti-Apartheid Upsurge, pp. 34-39.
Getting to the Front of the Bus

Postdoctoral associations are sprouting throughout North America to push for improved salaries, benefits, career training, and protection against exploitation, giving voice to a population that most universities have ignored. But change has come slowly, if at all. That slow pace has also led postdocs to seek help from the government agencies that fund the universities where they work, although the National Institutes of Health, the largest supporter of postdocs, appears loath to dictate policies to the private sector.
Zeichnen im Durchgangs-Syndrom

Untersucht wurden an 50 Patienten mit korperlich begrundbaren Psychosen verschiedener Atiologie die Korrelationen zwischen den Gutepunkten von funf Kriterien des Abbaus (Verfalls) der graphischen Leistung und den Ausfallspunkten im Bocker-Test (als Masstab fur die Schwere des jeweils vorliegenden Durchgangssyndroms). Bei der Blindauswertung der 203 verwertbaren Zeichnungen und Schriftproben durch drei Beurteiler gab es hinsichtlich der Kriterien Vergroberung und Schriftbild zwischen den Auswertern hohe mittlere Korrelationskoeffizienten (0,741 bzw. 0,776). Weniger uberzeugend, aber noch signifikant erwies sich die Ubereinstimmung bei den Kriterien Bezugsverlust (0,532), Verlust der Dynamik (0,516) und Dysharmonie der Darstellung (0,475). Die Beziehungen zu den Ausfallspunkten des Bocker-Tests waren in 12 von 15 Fallen hoch signifikant. Die erwahnten Kriterien des Abbaus der graphischen Leistung eignen sich also auch zur quantitativen Festlegung des psychischen Storungssyndroms bei den korperlich begrundbaren Psychosen (speziell Durchgangssyndromen). Die Definition fur Dysharmonie der Gestaltung und Bezugsverlust ist allerdings verbesserungsbedurftig, wenn man die Storung der graphischen Leistung unter den Bedingungen wie bei der vorliegenden Untersuchung (Blindauswertung, lediglich schriftliche Kurzinstruktionen fur die nicht geubten Beurteiler) erfassen will. Zwischen den einzelnen Stufen der Abbaureihe der graphischen Leistung und den Bocker-Punkten waren nur Tendenzen nachweisbar, deren statistische Absicherung weiterer Untersuchungen bedurfte.
( p , n ) Reaction Thresholds in Ti 48 , Fe 56 , and Sr 88

The counter-ratio method has been used to determine the ground-state ($p, n$) reaction threshold in ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{48}$, ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{56}$, and ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{88}$ and to locate low-lying excited states in ${\mathrm{V}}^{48}$, ${\mathrm{Co}}^{56}$, and ${\mathrm{Y}}^{88}$. The measured threshold energies are 4.905 Mev for ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{48}$, 5.451 Mev for ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{56}$, and 4.457 Mev for ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{88}$. Additional thresholds were found corresponding to excited states at 0.306, 0.416, 0.514, and 0.752 Mev in ${\mathrm{V}}^{48}$; at 0.159, 0.186, 0.225, and 0.280 Mev in ${\mathrm{Co}}^{56}$; and at 0.391 Mev in ${\mathrm{Y}}^{88}$. The estimated errors in the energy determinations are all \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 kev or less.
A Continuous, High-Frequency Environmental Monitoring System for Watershed Education Research

The Learning Enhanced Watershed Assessment System (LEWAS) is an environmental monitoring lab on the Virginia Tech, USA campus that uses contemporary sensing and computing technologies to provide high-frequency (1-3 minute sampling intervals) continuous water and weather data from a small urban watershed (2.78 km2) in order to promote watershed research and education. The LEWAS integrates custom software applications with data collection hardware, environmental sensors, and renewable power to create a remote automated watershed monitoring system. Watershed education research is illustrated through case studies based on LEWAS data that demonstrate the value of continuous flow and water quality data in small urbanized watersheds through the capture and characterization of acute hydrologic and hydro chemical events. Student-centered active learning modules that incorporate LEWAS data and case studies have been successfully implemented into an undergraduate hydrology course at Virginia Tech. Assessment results reveal positive student perceived learning gains from instructional activities that incorporate LEWAS data.
Vibration control of piezoelectrically actuated microcantilevers

The vibration control of microelectromechanical structures is an interesting and challenging research area that is extensively applicable in micro-mass measurement, micro-sensors and micro-mirror control. An active vibration control technique based on positive position feedback method is constructed in this paper. This method is used to control the vibration of microcantilevers through actuation of a piezoelectric layer that covers one side of the microcantilever. The modified version of positive position feedback used in this paper, employs a second order compensator for vibration suppression, and a first order compensator provides damping. Since the positive position feedback control is based on strain sensing approach, it is extensively applied to piezoelectrically controlled microcantilevers. Similar to conventional positive position feedback, stability conditions are global and independent of the dynamical characteristics of the open-loop system. Root locus diagrams are used to find proper compensator frequency and damping of the closed loop system. A numerical simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of the modified positive position feedback for both steady-state and transient dynamic control. The results indicate that the proposed method is more effective in controlling both steady-state and transient dynamics than conventional positive position feedback.
Comedy Hour: Using Audio Files of Joke Recitations to Improve Elementary Studentsâ€™ Fluency

The purpose of this study was to measure changes in fluency components in three struggling readers. Intervention strategies were implemented over a span of four weeks in a second grade classroom. Strategies included teacher modeling, self-rehearsal, and audiotape analysis. Automaticity and prosody in initial audio recordings of joke recitations were compared to the final readings of the same jokes. Progress was also monitored by students’ engagement in a class-wide weekly performance to present their jokes to peers. Results of this study indicated an increase in automaticity and prosody as well as an increase in confidence in oral reading. Please access the audio files that accompany this article by clicking here .
Sodium cation complexation behavior of the heteroaromatic sidechains of histidine and tryptophan.

Three of the four essential amino acids that have aromatic sidechains exhibit cation–π interactions with Na+ or K+; histidine does not and is shown here to be a sigma donor.
Self-disclosure at social networking sites: An exploration through relational capitals

In this research the authors examine member self-disclosure phenomenon at social networking sites. Self-disclosure enables member interactions, service customizations, and digital content generation and hence self-disclosure is imperative to the success of social networking sites. Drawing upon Social Capital Theory, we develop a succinct research model that examines the role of relational capitals in member disclosure behavior. This model also investigates the intricate relationships among relational capitals such as trust, reciprocity, and identification. This research model has been validated through survey data collected from 222 social networking site users and the analysis results provide strong support to the hypothesized relationships. The current study generates new knowledge on the exact role of relational capitals in sustaining social networking sites and it also informs the service providers of social networks to identify strategies that promote member disclosure.
Alcoholic rhabdomyolysis: An experimental model in the rat

The main features of alcoholic rhabdomyolysis-skeletal muscle necrosis, marked elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase, and myoglobinuria-were produced in rats by a combination of relatively prolonged (2 to 4 weeks) exposure to ethanol and a brief period of food deprivation. This observation suggests that fasting may similarly trigger muscle injury during binge drinking in man. The effect of fasting is in part related to an increase in blood alcohol due to reduced alcohol clearance and in part caused by a fasting-induced potentiation of the toxic effects of high concentrations of alcohol of skeletal muscle.
Numerical simulation of thermal wave propagation during laser processing of thin films

A numerical model is developed to represent the thermal wave propagation during ultrashort pulsed laser processing of thin films. The model developed is based on the solution of non-Fourier heat conduction problem with temperature and thermal flux delays using discontinuous finite-element method. The mathematical formulation is described and computational procedures are given. The computer model is validated using the analytical solution for one-dimensional (1-D) thermal wave equations. Numerical simulations are performed to study the thermal wave propagation in a GaAs thin film exposed to ultrashort laser pulses. A wavelike behavior of the thermal signal propagation is observed, and the diffusive effect of the time relaxation in the temperature gradient is calculated and discussed. The thermal behavior of thin films under laser radiation is also studied as a function of various process parameters including pulse duration, laser pulse shapes and characteristic times of heat fluxes.
Sclerosing haemangiomatosis: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract A case of sclerotic haemangiomatosis of bone without accompanying lytic lesions is presented.
Poisoning of a Silica-Supported Cobalt Catalyst due to Presence of Sulfur Impurities in Syngas during Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Effects of Chelating Agent

The effects of sulfur impurities on the performance of cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch catalysts are evaluated under industrially relevant operating conditions of temperature, pressure, and impurity levels. Chelating agents (CAs) were used to modify the SiO2 support, and the performances of the CA-modified catalysts are compared with conventional Co/SiO2 catalysts. For both the Co/SiO2 and CA-modified catalysts, the presence of sulfur in the inlet syngas results in a notable drop in the CO conversion, an undesired shift in the hydrocarbon selectivity toward short-chain hydrocarbons, more olefins in the products, and lower product yields. In the post-poisoning stage, i.e., after termination of sulfur introduction in the inlet syngas, the CA-modified catalysts recover activity and selectivity (to some extent at least), whereas such trends are not observed for the base-case, i.e., unmodified Co/SiO2 catalyst. The improved performance of the CA-modified catalysts in the presence of sulfur is attributed to higher...
Computational tools and approaches for design and control of coating and composite color, appearance, and electromagnetic signature

The transport behavior of electromagnetic radiation through a polymeric coating or composite is the basis for the material color, appearance, and overall electromagnetic signature. As multifunctional materials become more advanced and next generation in-service applications become more demanding, a need for predictive design of electromagnetic signature is desired. This paper presents various components developed and used in a computational suite for the study and design of electromagnetic radiation transport properties in polymeric coatings and composites. Focus is given to the treatment of the forward or direct scattering problem on surfaces and in bulk matrices of polymeric materials. The suite consists of surface and bulk light scattering simulation modules that may be coupled together to produce a multiscale model for predicting the electromagnetic signature of various material systems. Geometric optics ray tracing is used to predict surface scattering behavior of realistically rough surfaces, while a coupled ray tracing-finite element approach is used to predict bulk scattering behavior of material matrices consisting of microscale and nanoscale fillers, pigments, fibers, air voids, and other inclusions. Extension of the suite to color change and appearance metamerism is addressed, as well as the differences between discrete versus statistical material modeling.
Influence of insulin treatment upon schizoid personality traits

Some interesting results of insulin shock treatment in three cases of paranoid dementia praecox are reported. Each case had certain well-marked schizoid prepsychotic personality traits. After the treatment, which seemed successful in each case, there was evidence that these schizoid traits had disappeared or had been modified. In one case the schizoid personality traits reappeared after two months without recurrence of active psychotic symptoms. The second case became psychotic again but in an extroverted, hypomanic way which contrasted strongly with his previous personality and psychotic reaction. In the third case the sociable, well-balanced attitude continues.
Congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease.

Of a total of 30 infants and children with cytomegaloviruria 19 were considered to suffer from connatal disease. This assumption was based either on clinical findings present already during the neonatal period or on signs of prenatal infection. The most common clinical sign was hepatomegaly, followed in decreasing order by developmental retardation, abnormal neurological findings, splenomegaly, epilepsy, microcephaly, jaundice, interstitial pneumonia, intracerebral calcifications, chorioretinitis, malformations, hydrocephalus, lymphocytic meningitis and thrombopenia. 13 of the 19 infants had CF antibody titers of 1:30 or greater, but 3 patients had no detectable CF antibodies. Titers showed a tendency to decrease in the course of the months. Cytomegaloviruria in a child was still present after 27 months. The duration of virus excretion and CF antibody titer could not be correlated with the severity of the illness.