cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PARallels in Axis Formation

There is an intricate network of molecules called cell fate determinants that instruct the cells of the embryo to take on either an anterior or posterior fate. In a lively Perspective, Lehmann and her colleagues discuss new findings in the fruit fly that identify a key protein, PAR-1, which ensures that the cell fate determinants are themselves located in the correct region of the oocyte. In this way, the anterior-posterior axis is set up in the fruit fly egg before fertilization.
Evaluation of a balloon dilator to augment midtrimester abortion.

Abstract A new balloon-type cervical dilating device (CDD) was inserted just after intra-amniotic infusion of a combination of prostaglandin F 2α and hypertonic saline in an effort to shorten the interval from infusion to abortion. The CDD has both dilator and anchor balloons which are inflated with normal saline after insertion into the cervical canal. The infusion-to-abortion interval was shorter in patients with the CDD dilator inflated (14.6 ± 2.1 hours) than in those with both dilating and anchor balloons inflated or in those aborting without the device in place at all (23.0 ± 1.7 and 18.8 ± 1.0 hours, respectively).
A computational theory of endogenous norm change: the normsim agent-based model in mason

The current study presents the NormSim Agent-Based Model in MASON. NormSim conducts a computational analysis of the International Relations theory of constructivism. NormSim explores the metastable dynamics of norms through the interactions of heterogeneous agents embedded within a complex social system. The goal is to explain how the social complexity of international relations generates metastability. The use of ABM and the MASON simulation toolkit make it possible to explore this process from a formal experimental perspective. This is advantageous for constructivist research that typically must rely on qualitative analysis alone to justify complex theoretical assumptions. NormSim demonstrates the use of ABM to test the logical consistency of constructivist claims. It also extends constructivist logic to better understand why international norms lead to complex conformity patterns and long run systemic change. NormSim provides a general computational theory to explain this phenomenon.
What to do about those dammed streams.

In the Research Article “Natural streams and the legacy of water-powered mills” (18 January, p. [299][1]), R. C. Walter and D. J. Merritts contribute to the evolving story of human impact on streams in the U.S. mid-Atlantic Piedmont. Historical forest removal, farming, and soil erosion produced
Outcomes of direct muscle neurotisation in adult facial paralysis

Fifty-seven adult patients with facial paralysis, who underwent direct muscle neurotisation, were reviewed and divided into three categories depending on the function that direct neurotisation was aiming to augment. Group 1 included 30 patients who underwent direct neurotisation for eye closure and blink, group 2 consisted of 23 patients for smile augmentation, and group 3 comprised 31 patients for depressor. The age of the patients ranged from 21 to 74 years. Denervation time (Dt) ranged from 8 months to 42 years. Eight patients had partial facial paralysis, and 49 patients had complete facial paralysis. The results were based on the functional and electromyography (EMG) scoring of the neurotised muscles showing an overall EMG mean improvement of 26.56% in eye closure, 34.47% in smile restoration and 32.67% in depressor function by the procedure. Median improvement in all facial functions was one grade (25%) in theTerzis grading systems regarding the respective facial functions. The prerequisites are Dt less than 6 months and a functional contralateral facial nerve. In cases where Dt is more than 27 months and preoperative EMG's are silent, a free or pedicled muscle should be used to substitute the denervated native facial muscle. Promoting expressivity and augmenting facial muscle function using direct muscle neurotisation are important components in facial reanimation.
Modifications to the INSM1 promoter to preserve specificity and activity for use in adenoviral gene therapy of neuroendocrine carcinomas

The INSM1 gene encodes a transcriptional repressor that is exclusively expressed in neuronal and neuroendocrine tissue during embryonic development that is re-activated in neuroendocrine tumors. Using the 1.7 kbp INSM1 promoter, an adenoviral HSV thymidine kinase gene therapy was tested for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. An unforeseen interference on the INSM1 promoter specificity from the adenoviral genome was observed. Attempts were made to protect the INSM1 promoter from the influence of essential adenoviral sequences and to further enhance the tissue specificity of the INSM1 promoter region. Using the chicken β-globin HS4 insulator sequence, we eliminated off-target tissue expression from the Ad-INSM1 promoter-luciferase2 constructs in vivo. In addition, inclusion of two copies of the mouse nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (n(AchR)) neuronal-restrictive silencer element (NRSE) reduced nonspecific activation of the INSM1 promoter both in vitro and in vivo. Further, inclusion of both the HS4 insulator with the n(AchR) 2 × NRSE modification showed a two log increase in luciferase activity measured from the NCI-H1155 xenograft tumors compared with the original adenovirus construct. The alterations increase the therapeutic potential of adenoviral INSM1 promoter-driven suicide gene therapy for the treatment of a variety of neuroendocrine tumors.
DUAL QUARK--GLUON MODEL OF HADRONS.

Abstract A possible method for constructing a dual-resonance model of hadrons out of mathematical quarks and gluons is proposed. A quark emission vertex is derived.
Characteristics of the Kansas Parental Satisfaction Scale among Two Samples of Married Parents

Characteristics of the Kansas Parental Satisfaction Scale were investigated in two samples of parents, 84 married mothers in the first sample and 52 married fathers and 85 married mothers in the second sample. In all cases, satisfactory estimates of internal consistency reliability, significant differences between item means, and significant correlations with self-esteem were obtained, providing preliminary support for the validity and future potential of the scale as a brief measure of personal satisfaction with oneself as a parent, with the behavior of one's children, and with one's relationship with one's children.
Hyperkinetic children: Early indicators of potential school failure

Hyperkinetic children are identified as a “population-at risk” upon admission to kindergarten. The etiology of hyperkinetic behavior is controversial. “Organic driveness,” “hyperkinetic behavior disorder,” “postencephalitic behavior,” “brain damage with behavioral and conceptual deficit,” “Strauss syndrome,” have all been used to label essentially similar symptom constellations. Bypassing the area of controversy, a study is reported that demonstrates that children who were identified as “hyperkinetic” (using behavioral criteria developed in an earlier study) were (1) absent from school more frequently, and (2) did remarkably less well on standardized tests of school readiness than their peers rated “nonhyperkinetic.” The implications are discussed and suggestions made for the development of intervention programs.
Non-Gaussian energy level statistics for some integrable systems.

The number of levels with energy less than [ital E] of an integrable quantum system with two degrees of freedom is equal to [lambda][ital E]+[ital sE][sup 1/4], where [lambda] is a constant and [ital s] a fluctuating quantity with a non-Gaussian distribution. The probability distribution of [ital s] decreases roughly like exp([minus][ital s][sup 4]) when [ital s] is large. The number of levels between [ital E] and [ital E]+[ital z] [radical][ital E] is equal to [lambda][ital z] [radical][ital E] +[ital rE][sup 1/4] where [ital r] is another fluctuating quantity. The distribution of [ital r] tends to a Gaussian distribution as [ital z][r arrow]0 and oscillates around some limiting non-Gaussian distribution as [ital z][r arrow][infinity].
Foundations of computer science for entry-level graduate students

In recent years, as colleges and universities have established new interdisciplinary programs, students have tended increasingly to combine (or switch) academic fields as they pass from one degree level to the next. This has brought about a situation in which many students try to enter new academic areas at the graduate level without having the prerequisite undergraduate course background. And so for some time now, academicians have sought to develop programs and courses that will help those students make up their deficiencies and prepare them for more advanced work, rather than lower the standards of the basic courses.The course described in this paper was designed to cover approximately two and a half years of undergraduate computer science material in a six-credit, two-semester sequence. It is directed at graduate students from a variety of academic areas and does not require more than the usual resources for a programming course. Therefore, it should be of interest to institutions faced with limited budgets at a time when they are trying to build quality computer science graduate programs.
Complexity, context and governance in biotechnology alliances

This study explores the effect of coordination needs on alliance governance. We examine coordination needs that arise as a consequence of the characteristics and the context of the alliance. We posit that alliance characteristics and contextual factors influence alliance form and equity investment levels. We evaluate the effects of the complexity of technology transfer and strategic complexity of the alliance. We also study contextual factors, represented by the distance between the intellectual property protection regimes of the home countries of the participants, the focal firm's prior presence in the alliance country and its primary expertise in the industry. We offer contrasting predictions based on appropriation and coordination perspectives. Our results demonstrate support for a dominant coordination perspective, with alliance characteristics and some contextual factors influencing alliance form. Appropriation concerns play a weaker role and receive less support.
After the drinking stops: completed suicide in individuals with remitted alcohol use disorders.

A substantial minority of suicide victims have remitted alcohol use disorders. The authors hypothesized that psychiatric disorders are likely to be present in this group to create the necessary conditions for suicide. They compared suicide victims with active alcohol use disorders and those with remitted alcohol use disorders. Using data on a community sample of suicide victims (N=141), it was determined that 39% (N=55) had a history of alcohol misuse. These subjects were categorized by alcohol use disorder status (remitted versus active) and by age ( or =50), creating four cells: younger remitted (N=8), older remitted (N=9), younger active (N=22), and older active (N=16) alcohol misusers. Results comparing proportions of DSM-III-R Axis I disorders in the four groups indicated that suicide victims with remitted alcohol use disorders were predominantly younger victims with psychotic disorders or older victims with major depression. These findings have implications for identifying those at risk for suicide even after the cessation of alcohol misuse. Case examples of suicide victims with remitted alcohol use disorders-a younger woman victim with a psychotic disorder and an older man with major depression-are presented.
Particle Segregation Within a Pile of Bulk Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) and Variability of Nutrient Content

ABSTRACT Piling Dried Distillers's Grains with Solubles (DDGS) using gravity discharge is common in the corn-ethanol industry. This study investigated the occurrence of particle segregation within piles of DDGS formed by gravity discharge and subsequent spatial nutrient variability. Particle segregation tests were performed in a laboratory study where piles of DDGS were formed using samples collected from two fuel ethanol plants (an “old” and a “new” generation plant), and a plant study performed on piles of DDGS formed at the same two fuel ethanol plants. In both the laboratory and plant studies, the piles were formed by gravity-driven discharge and sampled at various categorized sections from the center of the pile to the periphery. Our results gave similar conclusions to a prior bench-scale study and confirmed that particle segregation does result in significant differences in particle size at the sampled locations of the pile. Particle size expressed as the geometric mean diameter (dgw) increased from...
Comparisons of PRD components for various EBR-II configurations

Abstract Comparison of detailed calculations of contributions by region and component of the power-reactivity-decrements (PRD) for four differing loading configurations of the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) are given. The linear components and Doppler components are calculated. The non-linear (primarily subassembly bowing) components are deduced by differences relative to measured total PRD values. Variations in linear components range from about 10% to as much as about a factor of two depending upon the component. The deduced non-linear components can differ both in magnitude and sign. Effects of differing assumptions of the nature of the fuel-to-clad interactions upon the PRD components are also calculated.
Some methods for the preparation of complexes of niobium(V) and tantalum(V)

Abstract Four general methods for preparing complexes of niobium(V) and tantalum-(V) are discussed. New compounds reported are: Nb(BPHA) 4 Cl, Ta(BPHA) 4 Cl, and TaO(T) 3 . The synthesis and characterization of NbO(DEDTC) 3 is described in more detail than in a previous report. (BPHA, T, and DEDTC are the anions of benzoylphenyl-hydroxylamine, tropolone, and diethyldithiocarbamic acid.) New and in some cases better syntheses for known compounds are also described.
Use of gentamicin in the isolation of subgroup A Chlamydia.

The use of gentamicin to control contamination in a tissue culture system for the isolation of Chlamydia was investigated. Gentamicin, at concentrations up to 100 μg/ml, did not appear to inhibit the growth of stock chlamydial strains, as judged by assays for iodine-staining inclusions. When 343 cervical and urethral specimens were examined in the presence and in the absence of gentamicin, significantly more isolations of chlamydiae were obtained in the presence of 10 μg of gentamicin/ml, and significantly fewer unsatisfactory results due to contaminating organisms were seen. Therefore, this aminoglycoside antibiotic appears to be a useful addition to a cell system for isolation of Chlamydia .
A Social Group Utility Maximization Framework with Applications in Database Assisted Spectrum Access

In this paper, we develop a social group utility maximization (SGUM) framework for cooperative networking that takes into account both social relationships and physical coupling among users. Specifically, instead of maximizing its individual utility or the overall network utility, each user aims to maximize its social group utility that hinges heavily on its social ties with other users. We show that this framework provides rich modeling flexibility and spans the continuum space between non-cooperative game and network utility maximization (NUM) - two traditionally disjoint paradigms for network optimization. Based on this framework, we study an important application in database assisted spectrum access. We formulate the distributed spectrum access problem among white-space users with social ties as a SGUM game. We show that the game is a potential game and always admits a social-aware Nash equilibrium. We also design a distributed spectrum access algorithm that can achieve the social-aware Nash equilibrium of the game and quantify its performance gap. We evaluate the performance of the SGUM solution using real social data traces. Numerical results demonstrate that the performance gap between the SGUM solution and the NUM (social welfare optimal) solution is at most 15%.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR HBT DEVELOPMENT

This paper discusses several themes for the future improvement of HBTs and HBT-based integrated circuits, including the reduction of device dimensions, the integration of HBTs with additional devices, and the use of different materials. The motivation for these developments, and recent experimental work towards the realization of these improvements are described.
Bone marrow transplantation for multiple sclerosis: returning to Pandora's box

Abstract As an immune-mediated demyclinating disease, could multiple sclerosis (MS) be treated by myeloablative therapy followed by bone marrow transplantation? Richard Burl and colleagues discuss preliminary data on this approach in the MS model of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and in MS patients.
The relation of the inner border of bacterial film on the tooth within the gingival crevice to the zone of disintegrating epithelial attachment cuticle.

Abstract The inner (apexward) border of the bacterial film on the tooth within the gingival crevice extends right to and usually overlaps the outer (occlusal-ward) border of the zdeac. The attached bacterial film consists of a pack of more or less parallel long rods and filaments, one end attached to the tooth and the other extending outward (from the tooth) into the narrow space between this film and the crevicular epithelium. There is a great abundance of spirochetal organisms closely associated with the growing ends and fruiting heads in this space, especially the space immediately over the zdeac.
Effects of in vivo cadmium exposure on ATPases in gill of the lobster, Homarus americanus.

In this study lobsters were exposed in a flowing seawater system to a 6 ppb cadmium (=5.3 x 10/sup -8/M CdCl/sub 2/.2 1/2 H/sub 2/O) for 30 days at the National Marine Fisheries Service Laboratory, Milford, Connecticut. Salinity of the sand-filtered Long Island Sound water ranged from 24 to 26% and temperature from 18 to 20/sup 0/C. Lobster gill segments were received frozen from the Milford Laboratory and lyophilized at Sandy Hook where they were stored at -10/sup 0/C in a desiccator until the day of the enzyme assay. The freeze-dried gill segments were weighed and then homogenized in ice-cold deionized water in a motor driven Potter-Elvehjem all glass homogenizer.
Thrombosis of the inferior vena cava inpatients with cyanotic congenital heart disease

Seven children with cyanotic congenital heart disease developed thrombosis of theinferior vena cava. Three of the patients developed renal vein thrombosis, and in 2 of them it was fatal. Factors which may have contributed to the development of thrombi in these patients include infection, hypercoagulability, polycythemia, hyperviscosity, hemolysis, venous catheterization, the presence of an indwelling catheter, and surgery. It is emphasized that inferior vena caval thrombosis may be an insidious process leading to lethal thrombosis of renal or adrenal veins. However, in 3 of the patients the diagnosis was made only when an attempt to recatheterize the patient from a venous tributary of the inferior vena cava was unsuccessful.
DNS and experiments of flow past a wired cylinder at low Reynolds number

Abstract We have performed high resolution direct numerical simulations (DNS) at Reynolds number Re=50, 160 and 500 for flow past a wired cylinder. Comparisons with companion PIV measurements made at Re=160 validate the DNS results. It is found that at Re=160 and Re=500 vortex shedding is suppressed substantially while the drag force decreases compared to a smooth cylinder flow.
Treatment with the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate modifies cadmium accumulation and metallothionein induction in C57 and C3H mice

With the continuing concern over both steroid compounds and metals as potential environmental pollutants, the interactions between these compounds could become an important health issue. In our continuing study of the interactions of cadmium with various steroids we recently found that testosterone pretreatment protects against cadmium-induced toxicity in C57 mice but has no effect in C3H mice. The basis of this strain-specific acquired tolerance to cadmium is still unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (CA) on the toxicokinetics and toxicity of cadmium and on the ability of cadmium to induce metallothionein (MT) in male C57 and C3H mice. To assess the tissue accumulation of cadmium, the mice were given CA (10 mg/kg, sc, at 48, 24, and 0 h) prior to cadmium (10 mumol/kg, 0 h). The tissue distribution of cadmium was markedly affected by CA pretreatment, as accumulation of cadmium in liver of both strains was reduced 24 h after cadmium administration. Renal ...
Tethering Telomeric Double- and Single-stranded DNA-binding Proteins Inhibits Telomere Elongation

Mammalian telomeres are composed of G-rich repetitive double-stranded (ds) DNA with a 3′ single-stranded (ss) overhang and associated proteins that together maintain chromosome end stability. Complete replication of telomeric DNA requires de novo elongation of the ssDNA by the enzyme telomerase, with telomeric proteins playing a key role in regulating telomerase-mediated telomere replication. In regards to the protein component of mammalian telomeres, TRF1 and TRF2 bind to the dsDNA of telomeres, whereas POT1 binds to the ssDNA portion. These three proteins are linked through either direct interactions or by the proteins TIN2 and TPP1. To determine the biological consequence of connecting telomeric dsDNA to ssDNA through a multiprotein assembly, we compared the effect of expressing TRF1 and POT1 in trans versus in cis in the form of a fusion of these two proteins, on telomere length in telomerase-positive cells. When expressed in trans these two proteins induced extensive telomere elongation. Fusing TRF1 to POT1 abrogated this effect, inducing mild telomere shortening, and generated looped DNA structures, as assessed by electron microscopy, consistent with the protein forming a complex with dsDNA and ssDNA. We speculate that such a protein bridge between dsDNA and ssDNA may inhibit telomerase access, promoting telomere shortening.
Patterns of Psychological Adjustment Among Divorced Custodial Parents

Abstract We examined the negative and positive adjustment of divorced custodial parents across several areas of functioning, including depression, hostility, alcohol use, and well-being. Differences among custodial mothers and fathers were evaluated, followed by a series of hierarchical regressions that were used to evaluate factors contributing to negative and positive outcomes for the two groups. Compared to custodial fathers, custodial mothers were significantly younger, less likely to cohabit, and they had less income and more economic strain. In terms of their functioning, mothers experienced greater depression and hostility than fathers, but they were less likely to drink excessively. There were no differences in the family functioning, life satisfaction, personal mastery, or well-being of custodial mothers and fathers. We concluded that custodial parents differ in their negative adjustment, but not their positive adjustment, and that custodial fathers have fewer problems with adjustment than custod...
RF amplifier design using 3D EM-PIC

The 3D Electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell (EM-PIC) algorithm provides a powerful method to predict performance of RF amplifiers based on actual device geometry and defined operating parameters. Until recently its utility as a primary design tool has been restricted by long simulation times or limited accuracy, due to computational and/or algorithmic constraints of available implementations. Advances in the representation of geometry using conformal techniques, coupled with highly parallel implementations of the EM-PIC algorithm, have made EM-PIC viable as a primary design tool. The EM-PIC code Neptune1, 2 exploits highly parallel GPU hardware in conjunction with conformal geometry representation to perform fast, accurate amplifier simulations. It is now a primary tool at NRL for the design and simulation of single- and multi-stage TWT amplifiers (serpentine waveguide, folded waveguide, helix, transverse TWT), klystrons and EIK amplifiers, and has enabled new research into advanced device concepts including cascaded multi-beam TWTs and transverse-interaction TWT amplifiers.
Disposition of intravenous and oral cyclosporine after administration with grapefruit juice

Objective To examine the effect of grapefruit juice on the disposition of cyclosporine after administration of oral and intravenous doses to healthy male subjects. Methods Subjects received two oral doses of cyclosporine (7.5 mg/kg) and two intravenous doses (2.5 mg/kg infused for 3 hours), with each dose separated by a 1-week washout period. Grapefruit juice (250 ml) was ingested immediately before one oral and one intravenous dose and again 2 hours later. Blood samples were collected for a 24-hour period, and whole blood concentrations of cyclosporine were measured with use of a specific monoclonal radioimmunoassay. Results Grapefruit juice had no effect on any pharmacokinetic parameter when given with intravenous cyclosporine. After oral administration, grapefruit juice significantly increased peak concentration (936 versus 1340 ng/ml), as well as area under the curve (6722 versus 10,730 ng · hr/ml) but had no effect on elimination half-life. Absolute bioavailability of cyclosporine was increased from 0.22 to 0.36 (average increase, 62%) by grapefruit juice. Conclusions The lack of effect on systemic clearance after intravenous cyclosporine suggests that grapefruit juice improves oral bioavailability by increasing absorption or reducing gut wall metabolism. The latter is more likely in view of studies that suggest significant gut wall metabolism of cyclosporine by CYP3A enzymes known to be inhibited by components of grapefruit juice. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1995) 57, 485–491; doi:
Abstract 3295: The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) pathway driven metastasis signature correlates with poor prognosis and decreased distant metastasis-free survival in human breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) acting via the type I IGF receptor (IGF1R) regulate growth and metastasis of multiple types of cancers. Agents targeting IGF1R are currently being tested in phase II/III clinical trials. We have previously shown that IGF1R can regulate metastasis independently of primary tumor growth. In a model of high risk metastatic cancer using the MDA435/LCC6 metastatic cancer cells, we have shown that disruption of IGF signaling either with an antibody against IGF1R, AVE1642, or a dominant negative IGF-1R construct, does not affect growth in the mammary fat pad but inhibits pulmonary metastases and colonization of the lungs. Regulation of such a phenotype will not be measured in clinical trials and these findings imply that clinical trials of this therapeutic strategy may need to adjust their endpoints for assessing benefit by taking into account that inhibition of IGF1R signaling may inhibit metastasis but not primary tumor growth. Here, we sought to develop an IGF1R driven metastasis signature that may be useful in selecting patients that could benefit from IGF1R targeted therapy and determine if changes in expression of the genes in the signature can be useful in monitoring response. Serum starved LCC6-WT cells (with wild-type functional IGF1R) and LCC6-DN (cells with dominant negative IGF1R) were treated with IGF-I, AVE1642 (antibody against IGF1R that inhibits metastasis but not tumor growth in the mammary fat pad), or AVE1642+ IGF-I for 4 and 24 hours and microarray analysis was performed using the U133 Plus 2.0 human arrays with 47,000 transcripts. Array data were analyzed to determine genes regulated by IGF1R signaling in these cells and if disruption of signaling with AVE1642 affected genes whose expression was regulated by IGF-I signaling. A total of 206 transcripts were regulated by IGF signaling in LCC6-WT cells and AVE1642 treatment reversed the effects of IGF1R signaling. 53 of the most significantly regulated genes were used to query two different human breast tumor datasets to determine if genes regulated by activation of IGF1R are associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in human tumors. IGF1R regulated metastasis signature genes were expressed in human tumors and were correlated to decreased survival and decreased distant metastasis free survival in breast cancer patients. Our results suggest that presence of IGF1R metastasis signature in patients confers prognostic value and identifying IGF1R driven metastasis signatures may be useful to identify and monitor patients who could benefit from IGF1R targeted therapy for inhibition of metastatic disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3295.
CANCER SPECIFIC SURVIVAL FOR PATIENTS WITH pT3 RENAL CELL CARCINOMA—CAN THE 2002 PRIMARY TUMOR CLASSIFICATION BE IMPROVED?

ABSTRACT Purpose: The 2002 primary tumor classification for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) does not distinguish between patients with tumor thrombus involving the renal vein only and those with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus below the diaphragm. We evaluated the association of tumor thrombus level and fat invasion with outcome to determine if further subclassification would improve the prognostic accuracy of the current classification. Materials and Methods: We studied 675 patients treated with radical nephrectomy or nephron sparing surgery for pT3a (206, 30.5%), pT3b (422, 62.5%), pT3c (19, 2.8%) or pT4 (28, 4.2%) RCC at the Mayo Clinic between 1970 and 2000. Associations with outcome were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: There were 531 deaths from RCC at a median of 1.5 years following nephrectomy. Patients with pT3b RCC and level I, II or III tumor thrombus were significantly more likely to die of RCC compared to patients with pT3b RCC and level 0 tumor thrombus (risk ratio 1.62, p Conclusions: Further subclassification of the primary tumor classification for patients with pT3 RCC improved prognostic accuracy.
TRANSCENDENTALISM OR EMPIRICISM? A DISCUSSION OF A PROBLEM RAISED IN E. O. WILSON'S BOOK CONSILIENCE

Abstract. E. O. Wilson writes that the “choice between transcendentalism and empiricism” is this century's “version of the struggle for men's soul” (1998, 240). The transcendentalist argues for theism—that there is a God, a creator of the world. The empiricist instead makes the point that the notion of God, including morality and ethics, are adaptive structures of human evolution. Before entering the debate of the transcendentalist/empiricist controversy I analyze how things exist and suggest that all that is exists as united diversity, as identity in difference. I argue that oneness by itself is intangible because wholes are concrete only through their tangible parts. I briefly discuss this understanding of existence in the realm of art to show that transcendence and immanence are not mutually exclusive but constitute each other. I conclude that existence, the hypostasis of unity in diversity, might be seen as a gift from absolute existence. In this view, the world might reveal itself as a gift that reflects the trinitarian existence of the Giver.
Coastal bathymetry from sparse level curves

We consider the problem of interpolating between coastlines for near-shore bathymetric estimation. Standard interpolation methods tend to result in over-smoothed coastlines, as shown by comparing the fractal numbers of known and interpolated level curves. We propose an interpolation algorithm based on anisotropic diffusion between corresponding points on coastlines. We compare the efficacy of our algorithm to other interpolation methods on synthetic coastline data.
Bleeding disorders in Noonan Syndrome

Noonan Syndrome (NS) is a common genetic disease with multiple organ defects including bleeding disorders, which was last reviewed in 1997. Since then significant information has been acquired regarding bleeding problems in NS, specifically on the underlying genetics. Associations between mutated genes and bleeding disorders are reviewed along with prevalence and underlying etiologies. Between 50-89% of NS patients will have a bleeding disorder and since a significant number will require surgery it is important to identify which ones are at risk prior to their procedure. Recommendations regarding screening for bleeding disorders and their treatment are discussed.
Tumoral calcinosis: sonographic sedimentation sign.

We present the sonographic findings of tumoral calcinosis in two patients compared with conventional radiography, CT, and MRI. Sonography in both patients demonstrated fluid-sedimentation levels, with more echogenic debris layering dependently. This appearance has been referred to as the “sedimentation sign” on conventional radiography and results from dependent layering of hydroxyapatite crystals within cystic spaces of the lesion. There are only three reported cases in the world literature of sonographic findings in patients with tumoral calcinosis. We describe the first two cases of sonography demonstrating the “sedimentation sign,” which may aid in the diagnosis of tumoral calcinosis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Quantitative acoustics near the sea floor

For more than a decade the Deep-Tow group of the Marine Physical Laboratory has been developing acoustic systems for near-bottom geophysical studies of the deep sea floor. A major aim of this work has been the detailed measurement of those properties of the sea floor which affect acoustic propagation. Such properties include the slope of the bottom, the acoustic reflectivity of the sea floor and of buried interfaces, and the attenuation of sound in marine sediments. The extreme lateral variability of such properties in the deep ocean makes near-bottom measurements important. This need has resulted in the development of narrow beam altimeters for accurate depth and slope determination, a computerized seismic profiling system for measurement of sea floor reflectivity and attenuation at 4 kHz, and computerized side-scan sonar systems for acoustic backscatter and bottom slope determinations. These systems were designed to provide real-time processing and displays of acquired data. This paper discusses the development and application of these systems, as well as some of the results which illustrate the extreme variability of sea floor acoustic properties which have been observed by these systems.
Research in social entrepreneurship: past contributions and future opportunities

Social entrepreneurship has been a topic of academic inquiry for nearly 20 years, yet relatively little scholarly output has appeared in mainstream management and entrepreneurship journals. Our review of this literature reveals that conceptual articles outnumber empirical studies, and empirical efforts often lack formal hypotheses and rigorous methods. These findings suggest that social entrepreneurship research remains in an embryonic state. Future research would benefit from the incorporation of multivariate methods to complement the case study techniques that have dominated previous efforts. Our review also suggests that social entrepreneurship is informed by common areas of interest to management scholars like entrepreneurship, public/nonprofit management, and social issues, all of which represent fruitful venues for future research efforts. Therefore, we recommend that scholars embrace key themes in strategic entrepreneurship and frame their research using established theories, such as contingency theory, creation theory, discovery theory, innovation diffusion theory, resource dependence theory, and other theoretical bases relevant to strategic entrepreneurship research. Copyright © 2009 Strategic Management Society.
Reactivity–selectivity principle in substituted cyclobutene ring opening computed with density functional theory methods

Abstract A new approach for determining reactivity–selectivity principle based on computing reaction activation barriers with density functional theory methods is introduced. Reactivity is defined as the reciprical value of the activation barrier for a studied reaction while selectivity is the difference in reactivity between two competititive reactions that are closest in energy. This approach is demonstrated by opening the rings of variously substituted cyclobutenes. It is shown that hybrid DFT methods can accurately compute activation barriers and properly describe electronic, as well as steric interactions in corresponding transition state structures.
“Segmental” prolonged cortical nephrogram as a result of radiation damage to the kidneys

We present two cases showing bilateral segmentai delayed nephrograms secondary to radiation injury which occurred during radiation therapy for retroperitoneal adenopathy. The abnormal areas in the affected kidneys were not devoid of a nephrogram, but rather showed a persistent corticomedullary separation indicative of slowed perfusion. Linear margins not conforming to the normal renal lobular configuration were a confirmatory feature. Radiation injury should be included in the differential of both the asymmetric prolonged nephrogram and the “segmental” nephrogram.
The Liminal Iconography of Jodie Foster

(1995). The Liminal Iconography of Jodie Foster. Journal of Popular Film and Television: Vol. 22, Desiring Images: Sex and Sexuality, pp. 149-153.
Precedence effects and the evolution of chorusing

The structured choruses produced by rhythmically signalling males in many species of acoustic animals have long–captured the imagination of evolutionary biologists. Though various hypotheses have been forwarded to explain the adaptive significance of such chorusing, none have withstood empirical scrutiny. We suggest instead that alternating and synchronous choruses represent collective epiphenomena resulting from individual males competing to jam each other9s signals. These competitions originate in psychoacoustic precedence effects wherein females only orient toward the first call of a sequence, thus selectively favouring males who produce leading calls. Given this perceptual bias, our modelling confirms that a resetting of signal rhythm by neighbours’ signals, which generates either alternation or synchrony, is evolutionarily stable provided that resetting includes a relativity adjustment for the velocity of signal transmission and selective attention toward only a subset of signalling neighbours. Signalling strategies in chorusing insects and anurans are consistent with these predicted features.
Algebraic theory of recombination spaces

A new mathematical representation is proposed for the configuration space structure induced by recombination, which we call “P-structure.” It consists of a mapping of pairs of objects to the power set of all objects in the search space. The mapping assigns to each pair of parental “genotypes” the set of all recombinant genotypes obtainable from the parental ones. It is shown that this construction allows a Fourier decomposition of fitness landscapes into a superposition of “elementary landscapes.” This decomposition is analogous to the Fourier decomposition of fitness landscapes on mutation spaces. The elementary landscapes are obtained as eigenfunctions of a Laplacian operator defined for P-structures. For binary string recombination, the elementary landscapes are exactly the p-spin functions (Walsh functions), that is, the same as the elementary landscapes of the string point mutation spaces (i.e., the hypercube). This supports the notion of a strong homomorphism between string mutation and recombination spaces. However, the effective nearest neighbor correlations on these elementary landscapes differ between mutation and recombination and among different recombination operators. On average, the nearest neighbor correlation is higher for one-point recombination than for uniform recombination. For one-point recombination, the correlations are higher for elementary landscapes with fewer interacting sites as well as for sites that have closer linkage, confirming the qualitative predictions of the Schema Theorem. We conclude that the algebraic approach to fitness landscape analysis can be extended to recombination spaces and provides an effective way to analyze the relative hardness of a landscape for a given recombination operator.
Tutorial: Field-Flow Fractionation

Field-flow fractionation (FFF) is a family of techniques used to characterize macromolecules, colloids, and particulate materials, primarily by size, but in some cases by composition as well. FFF has many similarities to chromatography, but it also has several unique differences. Like liquid chromatography, small amounts of material are separated as they are carried through a channel by a stream of liquid. Certain materials move more slowly through the channel than others, and the amount of carrier liquid required to sweep a given material from inlet to outlet is used to characterize particular features of the material.
Resource allocation in the crew assembly process

Some cost models of the made-to-order production situation incorporate learning and production rate as cost factors. The model developed in this paper is more detailed than the previous efforts. Here the build up of work-in-process to a steady state is explicitly modelled. Likewise, the decrease in work-in-process at the end of the programme is modelled. In this paper, we minimize cost to determine the appropriate task sizes and sequence of resources to allocate to crews of assembly workers. Crew cycle times are also determined.
Cone-rod dystrophy in Danon disease.

In this issue, Thiadens and colleagues report ophthalmoscopic findings of macular disruption and physiologic findings of cone-rod dystrophy in two of four cousins from a family with Danon disease, a rare X-linked disorder characterized by muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, and mental impairment, which has been mapped to mutations in the lysosomeassociated membrane protein gene, LAMP2 (OMIM #300257) [1]. Though descriptions of this disorder date from 1940 [2], there are only a handful of reports in the literature of ocular abnormalities [3–6]. The spectrum of the ocular findings remains unclear: the published reports are incomplete and the findings appear to differ markedly between families. For example, the report of LacosteCollin et al. [3] mentions “a diffuse chorio-capillary ocular atrophy,” but presents no details or fundus images. Prall et al. [5] report a “peripheral pigmentary retinopathy,” with “near-complete loss of pigment in the retinal pigment epithelium, ” and show images of peppered pigmentary mottling in affected females and an asymptomatic carrier, and complete loss of RPE pigmentation in an affected male, but provide no images of the posterior pole. They report prolongation of ERG latencies, but mention no reductions in amplitude. Schorderet et al. [6] show much milder pigmentary disturbance in two affected males, and asymmetric reduction in multifocal ERG amplitudes in one patient. In contrast, Thiadens et al. report predominantly central fundus abnormalities (a “bull’s-eye maculopathy”), severe color vision disturbances, and a cone-rod pattern of amplitude reduction in the full-field ERG. Their report is also of interest in expanding the spectrum of mutations linked to cone-rod dystrophies. OMIM lists at least 15 such disorders, of which three are X-linked. Of equal interest is the apparent variable expressivity in the present report, in which only two of four male cousins carrying the same LAMP2 mutation developed retinal symptoms. Much remains to be learned about both cone-rod dystrophies and about Danon disease and the pathogenetic implications of LAMP2 mutations.
Tweaking the DiPasquale-Wheaton Model

Abstract DiPasquale and Wheaton (DW) developed an elegant model of long-run equilibrium in the aggregate real estate market. It has tremendous pedagogical power and an attractive compactness of presentation. Unfortunately, it has drawbacks. The DW model glosses over the admittedly small distinction between the “cap” rate and the reciprocal of the gross income multiplier. More importantly, it assumes that the “cap” rate is exogenous. It does not reveal long-run equilibrium at a glance; instead, equilibrium must be found by trial and error. Although the model has elements of the short-run in it (e.g., construction supply), it does not explicitly reveal important features of the adjustment process (e.g., is it protracted, and is there overshooting?). Finally, the DW model ignores expectations and vacancies. Several new devices are added to the model to remove all of the stated drawbacks. In so doing, the model gains descriptive power but loses some of the simplicity that has made it so popular.
Conditions for the preservation of gum tragacanth jellies.

The implication that the effectiveness of certain preservatives for tragacanth jelly is reduced by either adsorption or chemical interaction between the gum and the preservative is subjected to further experimentation in this study. Results indicate that for the organisms selected in this study, effective preservation may be attained if adequate concentration of preservative and optimum pH range is selected. The organisms selected were Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Escberichia coli , and Candida albicans . The preservatives studied were a combination of methyl and propyl parabens, cholorobutanol, and benzoic acid. The optimum pH range was found to be below five, but under certain conditions even seven proved to be satisfactory.