cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring elementary teacher self-efficacy and teacher beliefs: are we preparing teachers to teach culturally diverse students?

As student demographics continue to change in countries across the world, questions remain as to how well teacher education programmes are training teachers to teach students who are culturally div...
General Equations for Nonequilibrium States

The traditional theory of superconductivity relies on electron-phonon interaction. Explicitly, this was introduced into the theory of superconductivity by Eliashberg on the basis of Frohlich’s Hamiltonian and Migdal’s theorem . We will use Eliashberg’s model in the weak-coupling limit to derive kinetic equations, where both electrons, pairs and phonons are out of thermal equilibrium. Two methods are equally applicable for this task: the method of analytical continuation and Keldysh’s technique. We will demonstrate both methods in this Chapter. in this Chapter. The final kinetic equations will be expressed via the energy-integrated Green’s functions, which in the case of equilibrium problems are called Eilenberger functions. This corresponds to a quasiclassical approximation in nonequilibrium superconductivity of superconductors that have finite gaps. The interaction of Cooper pairs with the electrons and phonons plays an important role in the action of external fields, determining both the behavior of the order parameter and the nonequilibrium effects in the electron-phonon system.
Fear of Hollywoodzilla: Cultural Heritage, International Law and Call for Duty to Preserve Diversity in the Global Film Industry

Since the United Nations Organization and the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (“UNESCO”) were formed and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, cultural diversity, heritage and human rights have been widely researched. Most of the related research surround legal, ethical and international issues concerning tangible cultural objects, such as illicit trafficking, restitution of the looted artifacts, and destruction of historical sites. Legal systems typically providing special protection for cultural heritage that falls within their national patrimonies have recently started adopting legislative measures and creating policies regarding intangible cultural heritage, as well. Accelerating such process, the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expression has also encouraged policies concerning future heritage, including film industry. This paper looks at linkages between conserving future intangible cultural heritage by maintaining cultural diversity and enforcing identity and culture as a human right with specific focus on the film industry. Questioning the notion of culture itself being hegemonic or colonial, this paper documents the fear of McDonaldization, by giving examples from the trends in Turkey and China in the face of American productions taking over the global film industry. It also takes a bold approach to deconstruct existing paradigms to push for legally enforceable protection to diversity and criticizes the unequal valuation in the name of culture. Rather than another traditional retrospective analysis of the cultural heritage preservation, this paper embracing precarity introduces a prudential viewpoint towards constructing future heritage from today by preserving cultural components. Interrogating whether international community has a legal and ethical responsibility to protect diversity, this paper ultimately calls sovereigns and global society for an objective pro-poly-cultural intervention.
Type I Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor Presenting as Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed.

Gastric neuroendocrine tumors (GNETs) are rare and subdivided into type I, type II, and type III. Types I and II are gastrin-dependent and are usually benign, whereas type III is gastrin-independent and more aggressive. Type I accounts for 70-80% of all GNETs. Most of them are asymptomatic and incidentally detected on endoscopy. It can sometimes present with iron and B12 deficiency, dyspepsia, and less commonly with an upper GI bleed. We present a case of type I GNET who came to the hospital with melena and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showing a 3-cm bleeding polyp and histopathology revealing a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor with angioinvasion.
Impact of Coronavirus on Cash Flows in University Budgets: Exploratory Study

There are dire predictions for future enrollments in 4-year colleges due to Coronavirus. According to Lapovsky (2020), undergraduate enrollments may decline 15 to 40 percent. Therefore, undergraduate revenue declines could be as much as 20 percent and more for individual universities. Students may be reluctant to choose expensive name-brand schools that have moved to online (remote) instruction. Instead, students and parents may choose schools that are in-state or closer to home (Poliakoff, 2020). International student enrollments are also expected to decline due to travel restrictions. These difficulties are likely to cause cash flow challenges for many universities around the country. This study provides key insights as to the cash flow problems faced by university leaders and highlights cash flow management opportunities that can provide some relief to colleges. Cash flow issues are synthesized under (1) Activities that cause cash inflow increases (short term and long term) and (2) Activities that cause cash inflow decreases (short term and long term). General cash inflow decreases, and cash outflow increases are also briefly discussed.
Inorganic Perovskite CsPbBr3 Gamma-Ray Detector

Wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductors offer stability, endurability, and room-temperature operation than narrow-bandgap semiconductors such as Si and Ge detectors. One example of the most developed WBG is the well-known CZT detector. One emerging WBG is lead halide perovskites that show a great potential in X- and gamma-ray detection with a desirable high attenuation coefficient, low leakage current, and a large mobility-lifetime product. The all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite has its own advantages due to the structural stability over the organic-inorganic perovskites. This chapter starts with a brief introduction of WBG for radiation detection, with a focus on gamma rays. We then describe the performance of gamma-ray detectors made of solution-grown CsPbBr3 single crystals. The device structure, fabrications, surface processing, nuclear instrumentation, and eventually performance evaluation are discussed. The reported Cs-137 energy spectrum with FWHM resolution at 5.5–11% @ 662 keV and peak-to-Compton valley ratio at 2 are presented. Low leakage current has been consistently achieved (~2–5nA@-200V), comparable to a commercial CZT detector. Excellent reproducibility and stability are also demonstrated.
A Pilot Study Testing Intranasal Ketamine for the Treatment of Procedural Anxiety in Children Undergoing Laceration Repair

Identifying non-invasive methods for anxiolysis is becoming increasingly important in the pediatric emergency department (ED). Few studies have examined the use of intranasal (IN) ketamine for procedural anxiolysis. We aim to evaluate if IN ketamine provides satisfactory anxiolysis for patients undergoing laceration repair based on anxiety and sedation scoring. We also evaluated the feasibility of using IN ketamine in future trials based on its tolerability and side-effects. A pilot study evaluating IN ketamine in the treatment of procedural anxiety for patients, 2 years and older, weighing 40 kg or less, presenting to the pediatric ED with lacerations. The need for anxiolysis was defined by an elevated modified-Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale—Short Form (mYPAS-SF) score. Patients received 5 mg/kg of IN ketamine in addition to topical anesthesia, mYPAS-SF scoring before and during the procedure, sedation scoring, adverse events, vital signs, age, weight, laceration size and location, and satisfaction surveys were recorded. Twenty-five patients were enrolled, with mean age of 61 ± 29.2 months and mean weight of 21 ± 6.4 kg. Lacerations were located on the face, extremities, and groin with mean size of 2.1 cm. A decrease in anxiety levels was observed, from median m-YPAS-SF score of 66.7 (62.50–80.2) to 33.3 (27.09–52.00), p < 0.001. Among the patients, 92% (n = 23) were less anxious during the procedure. IN ketamine appears to be safe and well-tolerated with a positive impact on procedural anxiety. A dosage of 5 mg/kg is a reasonable starting point, as 80% of patients had appropriate anxiolysis.
Teddy and I Go Kong

It has been months since Teddy and I have been home. Sometimes it seems like years, but I know it has only been months because here and there I get intimations of real time and space. Teddy is my infant son. He was just born, but already he is aging rapidly. In the beginning he was all flippers and stumps, but then things began to grow out. I thought, for a time, he would be octoploid, but I was wrong. After the fourth month he settled down nicely. He loved his nursing but gave it up early, in fact after his seventh week. I took him, on that occasion, to see King Kong. It was a hit with him from the start. He cooed and gurgled throughout the movie. And we have since seen it a dozen times or more. Soon he will be a match
Rational Communication in Multi-Agent Environments

We address the issue of rational communicative behavior among autonomous self-interested agents that have to make decisions as to what to communicate, to whom, and how. Following decision theory, we postulate that a rational speaker should design a speech act so as to optimize the benefit it obtains as the result of the interaction. We quantify the gain in the quality of interaction in terms of the expected utility, and we present a framework that allows an agent to compute the expected utilities of various communicative actions. Our framework uses the Recursive Modeling Method as the specialized representation used for decision-making in a multi-agent environment. This representation includes information about the agent's state of knowledge, including the agent's preferences, abilities and beliefs about the world, as well as the beliefs the agent has about the other agents, the beliefs it has about the other agents' beliefs, and so on. Decision-theoretic pragmatics of a communicative act can be then defined as the transformation the act induces on the agent's state of knowledge about its decision-making situation. This transformation leads to a change in the quality of interaction, expressed in terms of the expected utilities of the agent's best actions before and after the communicative act. We analyze decision-theoretic pragmatics of a number of important kinds of communicative acts and investigate their expected utilities using examples. Finally, we report on the agreement between our method of message selection and messages that human subjects choose in various circumstances, and show an implementation and experimental validation of our framework in a simulated multi-agent environment.
Under Color of Law: Siliadin v. France and the Dynamics of Enslavement in Historical Perspective

A versao em portugues deste artigo pode ser encontrada em: ssrn.com/abstract=2292162.When is it appropriate to apply the term "slavery" -- a concept that appears to rest on a property right -- to patterns of exploitation in contemporary society, when no state extends formal recognition to the possibility of the ownership of property in a human being? Historians, who generally position themselves as enemies of anachronism, may be particularly resistant to the use of an ancient term to describe a twenty-first century reality. And jurists have often been understandably reluctant to employ a word whose historical meaning was so closely tied to a specific property relationship that has long since been abolished in Europe and the Americas.
Calcium Coding and Adaptive Temporal Computation in Cortical Pyramidal Neurons

Wang, Xiao-Jing. Calcium coding and adaptive temporal computation in cortical pyramidal neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1549–1566, 1998. In this work, we present a quantitative theory of temporal spi...
Accurate Computation of the Magnetic Susceptibility for the Normal Phase of Organic Conductors

The magnetic susceptibility of the quarter-filled one-dimensional extended Hubbard model is calculated using the density-matrix renormalization group technique. It is found that in the charge gap regime of the model ($U> 4t $ and $V > 2t$), or in the metallic region with important superconductive fluctuations ($U 2t$), $\chi(T)$ displays a singularity at T=0 and an inflection point at low temperatures that are similar to what occurs in the spin-half quantum spin chain. These results, whose accuracy outdoes that of any other available technique, are useful data which allow a comparison between theory and experiment in the normal phase of the organic conductors.
The control of trichome spacing and number in Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis trichomes are single-celled epidermal hairs that serve as a useful model for the study of plant cell differentiation. An examination of the distribution of trichomes early in their development revealed that developing trichomes occur adjacent to another trichome much less frequently than would be expected by chance. Clonal analysis of epidermal cell lineages ruled out a role for cell lineage in generating the observed minimum-distance spacing pattern. Taken together, these results are consistent with a role for lateral inhibition in the control of trichome development. We also report the identification of a new locus, Reduced Trichome Number (RTN), which affects the initiation of trichomes. This locus was initially detected by the reduced number of leaf trichomes on Landsberg erecta plants compared to that on Columbia plants. Quantitative Trait Locus mapping revealed that more than 73% of the variation in trichome number was due to a major locus near erecta on chromosome 2. The reduced number of trichomes conditioned by the Landsberg erecta allele of this locus appeared to be due to an early cessation of trichome initiation. The implications of these observations are discussed with regard to previously published models of trichome development.
Romantic passion as output from a self-regulating, intimacy-seeking system : A model for understanding passionate love

This article presents a model of why individuals experience the feeling of passionate love in intimate relationships. Previous models have been limited because they do not describe the purpose and function of passionate love, do not incorporate basic emotion and personality theory, or are not applicable to help couples in distress. The present model reinterprets and integrates previous findings. New predictions are made about the functioning of passionate love in relationships by hypothesizing a self-regulating, intimacy-seeking system that produces passionate love as its outcome. A self-regulation model proposed by Carver and Scheier in 1998 is the template on which this model is based.
Procedure supplementing SCF interaction energies by dispersion term evaluated in dimer basis set within variation-perturbation approach

A variation-perturbation procedure for the evaluation of dispersion interaction, originally proposed by Jeziorski and van Hemert, has been reformulated to include basis set extension effects on an equal footing with the SCF interaction energy, corrected for basis set superposition error (BSSE). This approach has been tested for He2, (H2)2, (H2O)2, and (C2H4)2 complexes.
Nothotalisia, a new genus of Picramniaceae from tropical America

A new genus of Picramniaceae from tropical America, Nothotalisia, is described. Of the three species in the genus, N. piranii and N. cancellata, are new to science. The third, N. peruviana, was originally described as Talisia peruviana in the Sapindaceae. The genus and all three species are described, illustrated, and distinguished by means of a key.
Drug-induced oxidation and precipitation of hemoglobins A,S and C

Abstract Analyses of optical absorption spectra of drug-hemoglobin reaction mixtures show that oxidation of oxyhemoglobins A, S and C by menadione and acetylphenylhydrazine and the consequent formation of methemoglobin, hemichromes and ‘choleglobin’ proceed at identical rates for all three hemoglobins. Nevertheless, precipitate formation, which is linked to hemichrome production, occurs in a definite order. S> C> A. Differences in precipitability among these three hemoglobins are linked to an as yet unidentified property of the aggregate hemichromes, which is not directly related to the rate of total hemiehrome production.
The variations of ascorbic acid content in vegetable processing

Abstract The variations of ascorbic acid in fresh and canned vegetables were studied in an attempt to correlate variability due to the variety, grower, size of the product and the effect of each processing operation in a commercial operation, which would result in a guide for better control of nutrients and nutritional labelling. It was found that variations in ascorbic acid content due to the variety, grower and size of product were dependent upon individual crop. However, in most cases, the heating processes such as blanching and retorting had a significant detrimental effect on the ascorbic acid content in all crops studied.
Introductory teaching of simulation: teaching discrete event simulatation to business students: the alpha and omega

Managers of businesses worldwide are only beginning to realize the economic and improved decision-making value of discrete-event simulation. In order to accelerate the rate at which business managers employ simulation, such a course needs to be taught to more business students than is currently being done. This, in turn, implies the need for an improvement in the teaching of simulation to beginners, so that these fledglings will encourage fellow students to take a course in simulation because it provides business value, practicality, and promotes the idea that simulation is fun. The manner in which simulation is introduced during the first week of class as well as how the course is summed up during the last week of class are, perhaps, the most critical points in student learning. This paper, therefore, focuses on activities that the author uses during the first and last weeks of his simulation courses for business students.
Indigenous Intellectuals in Early Colonial Mexico: The Case of Antonio del Rincón, Nahua Grammarian and Priest

Since the early 1970s a growing body of scholarship focusing on Nahua-authored texts has greatly contributed to our understanding of the socio-historical landscape of early colonial Mexico, as well...
Characterization of large, heterogeneous proteins by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry

Characterization of heterogeneous proteins as large as 150,000 u was performed by a quadrupole mass spectrometer by using electrospray ionization (ESI). We were able to determine not only the molecular weight, but the detailed heterogeneity for the large glycoproteins as well. The successful application was facilitated by the optimization of the instrument in the high mass-to-charge range up to m/z 4000, where the multiply charged envelopes of the 150,000-u glycoproteins were found. For the analysis of clinically important monoclonal antibodies mass spectral data acquired by this method were consistent with the carbohydrate analysis and were useful in resolving the monosaccharide data into glycoform variations. In the case of the characterization of other large, heterogeneous proteins such as elongation factor 3 and bovine serum albumin, the quadrupole ESI mass spectrometer provided adequate mass resolution and high mass measurement accuracy to discern the modification and degradation of the proteins.
Effects of lateral confinement on order in spherical domain block copolymer thin films

A topographically patterned substrate can be used to template a large, single crystalline grain of block copolymer spherical domains. Both the geometry of the substrate and the annealing temperatur...
An Economist’s Road to Subjective Well-Being

Unlike other social scientists, economists are extremely hostile toward questionnaires and other self-descriptions... One can literally get an audience of economists to laugh out loud by proposing ironically to send out a questionnaire on some disputed point. Economists... are unthinkingly committed to the notion that only the externally observable behavior of actors is admissible evidence in arguments concerning economics (McCloskey 1983, p. 514)
Mercury in feathers from Chilean birds: influence of location, feeding strategy, and taxonomic affiliation.

Abstract This study reports baseline concentrations of mercury (Hg) in feathers from different species of birds sampled at various locations off the Chilean coast (Southeastern Pacific). Hg concentrations were evaluated in relation to geographic location, taxonomic affiliation, and feeding strategies. Between January and March of 1995, we collected mature contour feathers from 116 birds belonging to 22 species, mostly seabirds. Birds were collected from 10 different locations (26°09′S, 70°40′W to 54°56′S, 67°37′W). Feather Hg concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 13 μg g−1 dry weight. We found differences in feather Hg concentrations across taxonomic groups, with highest concentrations in petrels, shearwaters, and albatrosses (Procellaridae), followed by boobies (Sulidae), gulls, terns, skuas (Laridae) and cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae). Ibises and oystercatchers (Threskiornithidae and Charadriidae) had intermediate values, whereas ducks and geese (Anatidae) contained the least amount of Hg. Oceanic species preying on mesopelagic fish (the Procellariformes albatrosses, petrels, and fulmars) had over twice as much Hg (overall average of 3.9 μg g−1) when compared to the rest of the species sampled (overall average of 1.5 μg g−1). We did not find higher Hg concentrations in birds inhabiting the more heavily industrialized and urbanized areas of the country (central and northern regions), but in birds inhabiting the remote Juan Fernandez Archipelago. This is not surprising, since all the Procellariformes (the group with highest Hg values in this study) were collected from these islands. Except for Hg in Kermadec petrels (mean of 12 μg g−1), the range of Hg values reported here (0.11–7.3 μg g−1) fell below those known to cause adverse health and reproductive effects in birds.
N-Butanoyl-N-(3-chloro-1,4-dioxonaph-thalen-2-yl)butanamide.

In the title compound, C18H18ClNO4, the imide group with its two alkyl substituents is approximately perpendicular to the plane of the naphtho­quinone ring system [dihedral angle = 78.5 (1)°]. Further, the imide carbonyl groups are oriented in an anti sense. In the crystal, the substituted naphtho­quinone rings form π–π stacks in the a-axis direction [perpendicular centroid–centroid distance = 3.209 (2) A and slippage = 4.401 A].
High-affinity, calcium-stimulated ATPase in brush border membranes of the human term placenta.

Summary ATPase activity which is stimulated by submicromolar concentrations of calcium (Ca 2+ ) was identified in human placental microvillous brush border membranes. The high-affinity enzyme has an apparent K 0.5 for free Ca 2+ of 18. 3±3.7 n m and a V max of 233.0±30.0 nmol/min/mg protein. Studies using trans -1,2-diaminocyclohexane- N,N,N′,N′ -tetraacetic acid (CDTA) show that this enzyme requires submicromolar concentrations of Mg 2+ for maximal activity, but that it appears to have a low basal activity in the absence of this cation. The high-affinity Ca 2+ -ATPase was unaffected by up to 100 μ m concentrations of vanadate, but was sensitive to trifluoperazine inhibition (I 50 μ m ). It was not found to be stimulated by the addition of up to 10 μ g calmodulin, but this lack of effect may be related to the endogenous calmodulin content of the membrane preparation. A low-affinity, non-specific divalent cation ATPase was also identified in this membrane preparation. In contrast to the high-affinity enzyme, it has an apparent K 0.5 for calcium of 99.7±22.1 μ m , and a V max of 1.54±0.17 μ mol/min/mg protein. The characteristics of the high-affinity Ca 2 -ATPase are similar to those of other Ca 2+ -ATPases known to transport and regulate intracellular calcium concentrations in other tissues. By analogy, we suggest that the high-affinity Ca 2+ -ATPase described here could play an important role in cellular calcium homeostasis in the human placenta.
Treatment of emphysematous pyelonephritis with broad-spectrum antibacterials and percutaneous renal drainage: an analysis of 10 patients.

Background This retrospective study was designed to determine the efficacy of broad-spectrum antibacterials combined with percutaneous renal drainage in the treatment of emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN). Methods From July 1992 to September 2002, 10 patients (nine females and one male) with EPN were managed at our institution. All patients had diabetes and presented with fever and chills, flank pain or tenderness, vomiting, and altered consciousness. The diagnosis of EPN was confirmed by the presence of intraparenchymal and/or perinephric gas in imaging studies (kidney-ureter-bladder film, sonogram, and/or computed tomography scan). Broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy, combined with percutaneous renal drainage, was started in all patients. Follow-up studies consisted of computed tomography scan and technetium-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) radioisotope renography. Results The outcome was good in all patients. Three patients underwent delayed nephrectomy due to non-functioning of the involved kidney. The DTPA radioisotope renography results (glomerular filtration rate of the diseased kidney/contralateral healthy kidney) were 0/57 mL/min, 2.7/68.1 mL/min and 3.7/63.9 mL/min. Conclusion Combined broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy and percutaneous renal drainage is a safe and effective treatment for EPN, especially in high-risk patients for whom nephrectomy under general anesthesia is not feasible.
Determination of acoustic power outputs in the microwatt-milliwatt range

Abstract A system using an electrobalance for radiation pressure measurements has been developed capable of determining acoustic powers in the microwatt-milliwatt range. Low background “noise” levels are achieved by effective isolation of the balance from building vibrations and shielding the target from convection currents. The standard deviation for a power output of 1 mW is typically less than 1 percent.
Compositional disordering and the formation of semi-insulating layers in AIAs-GaAs superlattices by MeV oxygen implantation

Data are presented demonstrating the use of MeV oxygen ion implantation and subsequent annealing procedures to induce compositional disordering and to create a semiinsulating region simultaneously within an AlAs-GaAs superlattice. High dose oxygen implantation yields a compositionally disordered region 3500A wide centered 1.25 µm below the surface of the superlattice, as determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis. More extensive disordering of the superlattice occurs at lower implantation temperatures. Current-voltage measurements indicate the formation of a semiinsulating layer which is thermally stable to at least 850° C. The semi-insulating properties of the implanted superlattice are assigned to the disorder-enhanced formation of Al-O pairs and the substitutional introduction of deep level states.
Business Education After Watergate: Is Loyalty Enough?.

(1976). Business Education after Watergate is Loyalty Enough? The Journal of Business Education: Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 18-21.
Predictors of Non-Spine Fracture in Elderly Men: The MrOS Study

We examined determinants of nonvertebral fracture in elderly men from six U.S. communities followed an average of 4.1 years. Six clinical risk factors predicted fracture risk independent of hip BMD: tricyclic antidepressant use, previous fracture, inability to complete a narrow walk trial, falls in previous year, age ≥80 years, and depressed mood. Introduction: There are few prospective studies of fracture determinants in men. We examined the associations between a comprehensive set of clinical risk factors and risk of nonspine fracture in older men and whether determinants of fracture risk were independent of total hip BMD. Materials and Methods: A total of 5995 men ≤65 years of age were recruited from six communities in the Unites States and followed prospectively for an average of 4.1 years. Baseline assessments of demographic, lifestyle, medical history, functional status, anthropometry, and cognitive, visual, and neuromuscular function were assessed by questionnaire or examination. Triannual mailed questionnaires ascertained incident fracture; reported fractures were adjudicated by physicians using medical records and X-ray reports. Proportional hazards models were used to develop multivariable models, selecting variables and controlling for BMD. Results: Of 5876 men, 4.7% (N = 275) reported an incident nonspine fracture during follow-up (11.46/1000 person-years). Tricyclic antidepressant use (hazard ratio [HR], 2.36; 95% CI, 1.25–4.46), history of fracture at or after age 50 (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.62–2.65), inability to complete a narrow walk trial (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.23–2.34), falls in previous year (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.23–2.05), age ≤80 years (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.01–1.76), depressed mood (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.00–2.95), and decreased total hip BMD (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.34–1.74) were independently related to increased risk. Compared with having none (48.0% of men), having three or more of the clinical risk factors (4.9% of men) increased fracture risk 5-fold, independent of BMD. Having three or more risk factors and being in the lowest tertile of BMD was associated with a 15-fold greater risk than having no risk factors and being in the highest BMD tertile. Conclusions: Several clinical risk factors were independently associated with nonspine fractures in elderly men. The combination of multiple risk factors and low BMD was a very powerful indicator of fracture risk.
A performance study of a highly-parallel architecture to provide registration and translation services in an intelligent network

This paper presents the initial investigation of a highly parallel architecture that can be used as an Intelligent Network Translation and Registration Platform (INTARP). The INTARP architecture is deterministic and uses a hyper-switch as well as bus connections to pass messages. Threads through the multiprocessing pipelines are maintained by service definitions of the call procedures on “anchor processors”. The processes call procedures distributed over “sequencing processors”. INTARP is being prototyped using the inMOS, family of transputers. Unlike other architectures designed for the Intelligent Network, INTARP is designed specifically to minimize the post dial delay (PDD) the architecture contributes to circuit switch call processing. Unmanaged PDD in the Intelligent Network can lead to higher call abandonments. PDD also increase trunk and port capitalization due to the greater call holding time in peripheral processors prior to information transfer. The INTARP architecture is evaluated using a simulation model. Translation, PCN Registration and Calling Card services have been implemented on the simulation model and the performance of the architecture is inferred from the performance of the simulation studies.
Jifclipse: development tools for security-typed languages

Security-typed languages such as Jif require the programmer to label variables with information flow security policies as part of application development. The compiler then flags errors wherever information leaks may occur. Resolving these information leaks is a critical task in security-typed language application development. Unfortunately, because information flows can be quite subtle, simple error messages tend to be insufficient for finding and resolving the source of information leaks; more sophisticated development tools are needed for this task. To this end we provide a set of principles to guide the development of such tools. Furthermore, we implement a subset of these principles in an integrated development environment (IDE) for Jif, called Jifclipse, which is built on the Eclipse extensible development platform. Our plug-in provides a Jif programmer with additional tools to view hidden information generated by a Jif compilation, to suggest fixes for errors, and to get more specific information behind an error message. Better development tools are essential for making security-typed application development practical; Jifclipse is a first step in this process
Response of CsI (T1) Crystals to Energetic Particles

The light output of thallium-activated cesium iodide was measured as a function of bombarding energy for protons ($240 \mathrm{kev}l~{E}_{p}l~2550 \mathrm{kev}$), alpha particles ($980 \mathrm{kev}l~{E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}l~4920 \mathrm{kev}$), and ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ ions ($320 \mathrm{kev}l~{E}_{\mathrm{C}}l~1850 \mathrm{kev}$). The relation of the light output to the particle energy is approximately linear in these energy ranges. The light outputs for different particles of the same energy are in the ratio $p:\ensuremath{\alpha}:{\mathrm{C}}^{12}=1.00:0.59:0.35$. Saturation effects account for these results. The resolution varies inversely as the square root of the light output.
Formation of N2(B3 Πg) in collisions between metastable Xe(6s3P2,0) and N2(X 1∑+g)

Abstract Vibrational population ratios for N * 2 (B) formed by Xe * /N 2 collisions were measured over the relative kinetic energy range 0.04–0.2 eV. Golden rule and ionic-intermediate curve-crossing models predict population ratios for v' = 2-4 in good agreement with experiment, but fail to account for the dominant channel v' = 5.
The Los Angeles County Community Disaster Resilience Project - a community-level, public health initiative to build community disaster resilience.

Public health officials need evidence-based methods for improving community disaster resilience and strategies for measuring results. This methods paper describes how one public health department is addressing this problem. This paper provides a detailed description of the theoretical rationale, intervention design and novel evaluation of the Los Angeles County Community Disaster Resilience Project (LACCDR), a public health program for increasing community disaster resilience. The LACCDR Project utilizes a pretest–posttest method with control group design. Sixteen communities in Los Angeles County were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental community resilience group or the comparison group. Community coalitions in the experimental group receive training from a public health nurse trained in community resilience in a toolkit developed for the project. The toolkit is grounded in theory and uses multiple components to address education, community engagement, community and individual self-sufficiency, and partnerships among community organizations and governmental agencies. The comparison communities receive training in traditional disaster preparedness topics of disaster supplies and emergency communication plans. Outcome indicators include longitudinal changes in inter-organizational linkages among community organizations, community member responses in table-top exercises, and changes in household level community resilience behaviors and attitudes. The LACCDR Project is a significant opportunity and effort to operationalize and meaningfully measure factors and strategies to increase community resilience. This paper is intended to provide public health and academic researchers with new tools to conduct their community resilience programs and evaluation research. Results are not yet available and will be presented in future reports.
Doing more with less: departmental labs support

To describe the launch and successful first year of the Departmental Lab Support (DLABS) program at the University of Tennessee.
Therapists' cognitive complexity: Review of theoretical models and development of an integrated approach for training.

Therapists’ cognitive complexity can influence a variety of clinical and educational processes, from how they make decisions to their engagement in classes and supervision. To date, cognitive complexity models have not been adapted or advanced to meet the demands of clinical training. We provide a review and critique of the current cognitive complexity models and examine the measures typically associated with these models. We also introduce a new model, the Therapists’ Cognitive Complexity Model, which includes three components of therapists’ cognitive complexity: session thoughts, metacognition, and epistemic cognitions. Implications for therapist training and suggestions for future research are provided.
Effect of Anesthesia on spontaneous activity and evoked potentials of the cerebellar cortex

Cerebellum is a highly organized structure with a crystalline morphology that has always intrigued neuroscientists. Much of the cerebellar research has been conducted in anesthetized animals, particularly using ketamine and xylazine combination. It is not clear how the cerebellar cortical circuitry is affected by anesthesia. In this study, we have recorded spontaneous and evoked potentials from the cerebellar surface with chronically implanted, flexible-substrate, multi-electrode arrays. The frequency contents of the spontaneous activity suggest that ketamine/xylazine anesthesia suppresses most of the components except those below 30 Hz. This preliminary study also showed that multi channels of cerebellar cortical activity can be recorded using flexible multi-electrode arrays in behaving animals, which is very challenging task with single microelectrodes.
Asbestosis, pulmonary symptoms and functional impairment in shipyard workers.

A group of 339 male shipyard workers responded to an invitation via shipyards, unions, and news media to be studied for the presence of asbestosis and its functional effects. Of these, 288 were white or black, had begun working in shipyards at least 20 years earlier, and had satisfactory chest x-ray film findings; 257 underwent spirometric testing, and 199 had single-breath diffusing capacities for carbon monoxide (Dsb) determined. There were radiographic signs of asbestosis in 64 percent. Of these, 28 percent had parenchymal disease only, 37 percent had pleural disease only, and 35 percent had both. There was pleural calcification in 9 percent. In only 14 (8 percent) was the profusion of opacities greater than 1/1 by the International Labour Organizations criteria. Age was closely related to the duration of exposure to asbestos. Thus, 87 percent of the workers who had asbestosis were born from before 1900 to 1910, 70 percent of those born in 1911 to 1920 had asbestosis, 62 percent of those born in 1921 to 1930 had the disease, and 31 percent of those born in 1931 to 1940 had signs of asbestosis. Function in nonsmokers was not significantly different from the reference population except for alveolar volume; ex-smokers had significantly reduced forced expiratory volume in one second, flow rates, Dsb, and alveolar volume. The forced vital capacity and thoracic gas volume were normal. Shipyard workers who smoked resembled reference smokers except for significantly reduced alveolar volume. These shipyard workers had minimal to moderate asbestosis with much pleural disease and little functional impairment when compared to a smoking-specific reference population.
Stereocontrolled synthesis of a complex library via elaboration of angular epoxyquinol scaffolds.

We have accomplished the synthesis of a complex chemical library via elaboration of angular epoxyquinol scaffolds with distinct skeletal frameworks. The key strategy involves highly stereocontrolled [4 + 2] Diels−Alder cycloadditions of chiral, nonracemic epoxyquinol dienes to generate the scaffolds. Further scaffold diversification involves hydrogenation, epimerization, dehydration, and condensation of the carbonyl group with alkoxyamine and carbazate building blocks. Further elaboration of the scaffolds also provided new skeletal frameworks using hydroxyl-directed Diels−Alder cycloaddition and reductive N−N bond cleavage. The overall process afforded 244 highly complex and functionalized compounds. Preliminary biological screening of the library uncovered six compounds which showed significant inhibition of Hsp 72 induction.
A comparison of the dermatogram with other indices for the diagnosis of Down's syndrome.

The Dermatogram, a dermatoglyphic nomogram based upon four pattern areas, was compared with three other indices for the diagnosis of Down's syndrome (D.S.). The measure of diagnostic accuracy used was the percentage of patients scoring outside reported overlap scores between normal and D.S. The Dermatogram correctly diagnosed 79 % of 119 D.S. patients. Two other indices, using more pattern areas and requiring calculations, correctly diagnosed more patients (81 and 87 %), but one had several incorrect diagnoses and the other was less efficient when scored on a small sample of normal, karyotyped, non-D.S. retardates. The Dermatogram is suggested for use as a rapid diagnostic screen. For patients in the Dermatogram overlap, added discrimination may be obtained from secondary scoring on other indices.
Yields of O2(b1Σ g+) from reactions of HO2

The production of O/sub 2/(b 1 Sigma g +) has been monitored for several reactions of the HO/sub 2/ radical at 300 K using a discharge-flow apparatus with resonance fluorescence and chemiluminescence detection. In all cases, the resulting quantum efficiencies were found to be less than 0.03. O/sub 2/(b) was observed when F atoms were added to H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ in the gas phase. The signal strengths of O/sub 2/(b) were proportional to initial concentrations of HO/sub 2/ formed by the F + H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ reaction. Observed /O/sub 2/(b)/, /HO/sub 2//, and /OH/ vs /F/0 were analyzed using a simple three-step mechanism and a more complete computer simulation with 22 reaction steps. The results indicate that the F + HO/sub 2/ reaction yields O/sub 2/(b) with an efficiency of (3.6 + or - 1.4) x 10 to the -3rd. Yields from the O + OH/sub 2/ reaction were less than 0.02, indicating that this reaction cannot be a major source of the O/sub 2/(b) emission observed in the earth's nightglow. 31 references.
Excretion of Cytomegalovirus in Mothers: Observations after Delivery of Congenitally Infected and Normal Infants

Shedding of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was studied in 142 women who gave birth to congenitally infected infants and in 81 seropositive control mothers (mothers of uninfected infants). Viral cultures from the throat, vagina, and urine were obtained at intervals between one month and nearly 12 years after delivery. In both groups the prevalence of excretion of CMV was greater in younger women and fell to low levels by age 30. Considering all of the sites of infection, 60% of the mothers of infected infants were shedding CMV within the first three months post partum compared with 18% of the control mothers; CMV shedding rates declined during the first 12 months post partum to 35% in the former group and to 3%/ in the latter. More than three years after delivery, seven (15%) of 45 mothers who transmitted CMV still had viruria. The excretion of CMV is common and persistent in mothers of children with congenital infections due to CMV. Although congenital infections due to cytomegalovirus (CMV) are present in 0.5%-2.2% of the live births in the United States, little is known about the maternal infections that lead to in utero
Reply to N. Lathia et al

Lathia et al comment on our meta-analysis of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) primary prophylaxis reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology in 2007, demonstrating significant reductions in infection-related mortality, all-cause early mortality, and febrile neutropenia in patients randomly assigned to receive primary G-CSF prophylaxis compared with those receiving secondary G-CSF prophylaxis or untreated controls. Among the 17 eligible randomized controlled trials, relative risk for febrile neutropenia was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.67) overall and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.72) for filgrastim. Despite the use of different statistical programs and exclusion of certain trials, Lathia et al arrived at estimates of treatment effect nearly identical to ours. To consider all relevant studies, we included the study by Zinzani et al, because it reported clinically relevant infections during the period of neutropenia, a better approximation for febrile neutropenia than the alternative of including all neutropenic events. As Lathia et al confirm, removal of the Zinzani et al study from the meta-analysis would not only reduce heterogeneity but also have no clinically meaningful impact on estimated treatment effect, nor would it alter any study conclusions. No significant heterogeneity was observed in filgrastim studies, regardless of the inclusion of the study by Zinzani et al. In addition, because Zinzani et al reported no meaningful beneficial effect of G-CSF on early mortality or infection-related mortality, inclusion of this study in the meta-analysis is the more conservative approach. For each trial using a 2 2 factorial design, rather than assessing the visual effect of point estimates as Lathia et al suggest, we formally assessed interaction between randomization strata. Statistically significant interaction between subgroups was determined by comparing the ratio of the difference in the natural logarithm of relative risks and the SE of the difference in log relative risks with the standard normal distribution. Significant interaction was observed for survival between chemotherapy and G-CSF assignments in the Osby et al study but not in the Fossa et al study. Therefore, separate comparisons of the results for the Osby et al study were included. Although we recognize that investigators may differ in their approaches to the analysis in this circumstance, no meaningful differences in effect estimates were observed with either approach. The minimal differences in estimated rates for the two studies noted by Lathia et al are most likely attributable to rounding differences, use of differing statistical programs, and varying presence of updated study information. Overall, it is gratifying that Lathia et al have essentially replicated and confirmed the results of our meta-analysis.
Highly accurate two-gene classifier for differentiating gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyosarcomas

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has emerged as a clinically distinct type of sarcoma with frequent overexpression and mutation of the c-Kit oncogene and a favorable response to imatinib mesylate [also known as STI571 (Gleevec)] therapy. However, a significant diagnostic challenge remains in the differentiation of GIST from leiomyosarcomas (LMSs). To improve on the diagnostic evaluation and to complement the immunohistochemical evaluation of these tumors, we performed a whole-genome gene expression study on 68 well characterized tumor samples. Using bioinformatic approaches, we devised a two-gene relative expression classifier that distinguishes between GIST and LMS with an accuracy of 99.3% on the microarray samples and an estimated accuracy of 97.8% on future cases. We validated this classifier by using RT-PCR on 20 samples in the microarray study and on an additional 19 independent samples, with 100% accuracy. Thus, our two-gene relative expression classifier is a highly accurate diagnostic method to distinguish between GIST and LMS and has the potential to be rapidly implemented in a clinical setting. The success of this classifier is likely due to two general traits, namely that the classifier is independent of data normalization and that it uses as simple an approach as possible to achieve this independence to avoid overfitting. We expect that the use of simple marker pairs that exhibit these traits will be of significant clinical use in a variety of contexts.