cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enabling fast flexible planning through incremental temporal reasoning with conflict extraction

In order for an autonomous agent to successfully complete its mission, the agent must be able to quickly re-plan on the fly, as unforeseen events arise in the environment. This is enabled through the use of temporally flexible plans, which allow the agent to adapt to execution uncertainties, by not over committing to timing constraints, and through continuous planners, which are able to replan at any point when the current plan fails. To achieve both of these requirements, planners must have the ability to reason quickly about timing constraints. We enable continuous, temporally flexible planning through a temporal consistency algorithm (ITC), which supports incremental consistency testing on a new type of disjunctive temporal constraint network, the Temporal Plan Network (TPN), and supports focused search through incremental conflict extraction. The ITC algorithm combines the speed of shortest-path algorithms known to network optimization with the spirit of incremental algorithms such as Incremental A* and those used within truth maintenance systems (TMS). Empirical studies of ITC applied to the Kirk temporal planner demonstrate an order of magnitude speed increase on cooperative air vehicle scenarios and on randomly generated plans.
Branch surface area and its vertical distribution in coastal Douglas-fir

Wood area index (WAI; total surface area of branches and bole per unit of land area) is an important yet often neglected forest structural attribute. Branchwood surface area, in particular, has significant implications for many ecophysiological processes including total respiration and interception of radiation and rainfall. Branch surface area was estimated at the branch-, tree-, and stand-level for 33 Douglas-fir (Pseduotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) plantations in the Oregon Coast Range. Patterns in WAI, leaf area index (LAI; total surface area of needles per unit of land area), tree area index (TAI=WAI+LAI) and various ratios of these dimensions were then investigated. The main axes of primary branches (those attached to the main stem) comprised 82±13% of total branchwood surface area. Tree surface area (needles + woody tissue) increased with increasing tree size and crown length, and decreased with greater intensity of Swiss needle cast (SNC). At the stand-level, woody surface area increased with greater stand density and decreased with more severe SNC, but on average it constituted 29±12% of total tree surface area. Branchwood surface area and bole surface area contributed equally to WAI. The variation in WAI for a given LAI has important implications for radiation and rainfall attenuation in these stands and for accurate partitioning of intercepted radiation between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic tissues.
VPg of murine norovirus binds translation initiation factors in infected cells

Background: Norovirus genomic and subgenomic RNAs are covalently linked at the 5' nucleotide to a 15 kD protein called VPg. VPg of two human norovirus strains binds translation initiation factor eIF3 and other eIFs in vitro, suggesting VPg functions in initiation of protein synthesis on viral RNA. Human norovirus strains are not cultivable, and thus experimental evidence of interactions between VPg and eIFs in infected cells has been lacking. We used the cultivable murine norovirus MNV-1 as a model to study interactions between VPg and eIFs in infected cells. Results: As shown previously for human norovirus VPg, MNV-1 VPg bound eIF3, eIF4GI, eIF4E, and S6 ribosomal protein in cell extracts by GST pull-down assay. Importantly, MNV-1 VPg coprecipitated eIF4GI and eIF4E from infected macrophages, providing evidence that VPg interacts with components of the translation machinery in norovirus infected cells. Conclusion: The interactions between MNV-1 VPg and eIFs completely mimic those reported for the human norovirus VPg, illustrating the utility of MNV-1 as a relevant molecular model to study mechanisms of human norovirus replication.
RADPED: an approach to teaching communication skills to radiology residents.

Background: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education mandates that radiology residency programs teach communication skills to residents. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to present a mnemonic, RADPED, that can be used to enhance communication in the radiology setting. It reminds the resident of the salient points to address during an imaging encounter with pediatric patients and their families for the purpose of enhancing communication. Materials and methods: Recent history and research in medical communication are reviewed. Various communication guides used by primary care physicians, such as SEGUE, and the Kalamazoo consensus statement are discussed. This methodology was adapted into a format that could be used to teach communication skills to radiology residents in the context of an imaging encounter. Results: RADPED reminds the resident to establish rapport with the patient, ask questions as to why the patient and family are presenting for the study, discuss the exam, perform the procedure, use exam distractions, and discuss the results with the referring physician and family when appropriate. This guide is available with movie clips as part of an on-line pediatric radiology curriculum, http://www.pediatricradiology.clevelandclinic.org. Summary: This simple memory aid promotes the key points necessary to optimize the radiology resident’s encounter with pediatric patients and their families.
AN ALGEBRA OF POPULATION GROWTH

Laboratory population studies usually consist of experiments in which a small number of organisms are introduced into a suitable container. Food is added, waste products are removed, and the organisms are counted periodically. After the organisms have been counted they are replaced in the container. In general, excluding the original inoculum, organisins can enter the population only by being born in the container and can leave the experiment only by dying in the container (dead organisms usually are removed during the census). Mathematical analysis of population growth in this kind of experiment has been attempted repeatedly (Gause 1934; Pearl 1927; Stanley 1949; Leslie 1948). These studies have been seriously hampered by the lack of a notation which is sufficiently flexible to account for the observed differences between animals, oscillatory phenomena, and physiological lag effects. An algebraic notation which seems capable of describing population growth has been developed. Some properties of two restricted applications of the notation will be described to demonstrate the kind of problems that may be exanmined. The possible relation of this algebra to general evolution will be stated briefly. The notation is developed in terms of finite differences for a unisexual population. The physiological state of each individual in this population is considered to be completely defined by two measurements of the individual. It seems probable that the notation can be translated into a continuous system with two or more sexes. Also it is likely that additional measurements of the organisms can be introduced into the definition of the physiological state if necessary. It may be necessary to introduce stochastic functions in order to achieve realistic predictions.
Cold hardiness and transplant response of Juglans nigra seedlings subjected to alternative storage regimes

• Effects of overwinter storage regimes on seedling cold hardiness and physiological vigor are relatively unexplored, particularly for temperate deciduous forest tree species. • We evaluated influence of storage duration (0, 66, 119, or 175 d) on electrolyte leakage of stem and root collar tissues following exposure to a series of freeze-test temperatures in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) seedlings sampled from cold (3 °C) or freezer (−2 °C) storage. Seedlings were subsequently transplanted into a controlled growth chamber environment for two months. • Regardless of storage temperature, mean LT50 was lowest for seedlings stored for 66 d (≤ −34 °C) and increased dramatically after 119 d (≥ −13 °C). • Root collar tissue had lower LT50 than stem tissue after 119 d for cold-stored seedlings, reflecting importance of evaluative tissue type. Days to bud break shortened with increasing storage duration up to 119 d and stabilized thereafter for both storage regimes. Root growth potential was maximized after 119 d of storage, and subsequently declined for cold-stored seedlings. Height growth increased following storage, regardless of duration. • To promote stress resistance and transplant growth response, we recommend that black walnut seedlings from this genetic source be outplanted after approximately 66–119 d of storage.
Effect of in vitro heat shock upon the synthesis and secretion of prostaglandins and protein by uterine and placental tissues of the sheep.

The objectives of this study were to determine the secretion patterns of prostaglandins (PG) and protein during mid- (Day 100) and late- (Day 140) pregnancy in the ewe and to ascertain whether that pattern is altered by in vitro heat shock. Explant cultures were prepared from intercanmcular endometrium, caruncular endometrium, fetal cotyledon and interplacentomal placenta. Cultures were ’ L-[4,5 ycubated at 39 or 42’C for 18 h in the presence of arachidonic acid or Hlleucine. There were no effects of day of gestation or consistent effects of temperature upon de novo synthesis of tissue and secretory protein. Elevated temperature generally depressed PGE, secretion by maternal tissues and PGF secretion by caruncular endometrium but had little effect on PGE release by fetal tissues or on PGF release by intercaruncular endometrium or feta tissues. Day of 3 . gestation by tissue type interactions were found for PGF and PGEZ release. At Day 100, maternal tissues secreted more PGF and PGE than fetal tissues; at Day 140, PG secretion from fetal tissues was greater than at % release exceeded release from maternal tissues. ay 100, and fetal PGE, Tissue proteins resolved by SDS-PAGE revealed the appearance in heat-shocked tissue of 93 and 72 kDa heat-shock proteins. In conclusion, elevated temperature depressed PGE, release, particularly from maternal tissues. Changes in PGEZ suggest that the increase in utero-placental PGE, with increasing gestational age is due to changes in secretion of the fetal placenta.
Enhanced Oil Recovery Monitoring Using P-wave Attenuation

Crosswell attenuation tomography is used to image reservoir zones that were flooded by carbon dioxide. The swept zones contain mixtures of oil, water and carbon dioxide. Monitoring the saturation of these fluids is an important part of a enhanced oil recovery process. We estimate the changes in P-wave attenuation caused by the injection process. Laboratory data on flooded cores are analyzed in support of the field data interpretation. We use a broad band amplitude spectra method and the centroid frequency shift method to estimate the attenuation. The methods are applied to seismic waveforms recorded before and after the injection.
A Simple Group of Order 44,352,000.

The group G of the title is obtained as a primitive permutation group of degree 100 in which the stabilizer of a point has orbits of lengths 1, 22 and 77 and is isomorphic to the Mathieu group M22. Thus G has rank 3 in the sense of [1]. G is an automorphism group of a graph constructed from the Steiner system ~ (3, 6, 22). WITT [3] defined a Steiner system ~(d, rn, n) to be a set S of n points together with a set B of subsets of S (referred to here as blocks) such that each block contains exactly m points and each set of d points is contained in exactly one block. WITT [4] showed that Steiner systems ~ (3, 6, 22) exist and that they are unique up to isomorphism. The automorphism group Mz2 of an ~ (3, 6, 22) contains the Mathieu group Mz2 as a subgroup of index 2 and is the normalizer of M22 in M24. Throughout the rest of the paper we shall use the following notation: S and B will denote the sets of points and blocks, respectively, of a fixed ~(3, 6, 22). Points will be denoted by Greek letters ~, fl, ... and blocks by Roman letters u, v, .... For each o~eS, [~] will denote the set of blocks containing ~. We shall use the following facts about ~(3, 6, 22) and M22:
Introspection: An Analysis of the Citation Impact of Stroke

One indicator of the influence of a scientific journal is the extent to which its articles are cited by others. A widely applied measure in this regard is so-called journal impact factor, an index devised by Eugene Garfield1 to quantify the extent to which the articles of that journal are cited in other peer-reviewed publications. The impact factor is typically computed as the quotient A/B, where A is the total number of times that articles published in a journal in 2 consecutive years (eg, 2008 and 2009) were cited in articles published during the following year (eg, 2010), and B is the total number of “citable items” published by that journal in those 2 years (see “impact factor” on Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_factor [accessed July 21, 2011]). As quoted by Lo and Fisher in their recent editorial,2 the 2009 impact factor for Stroke was 7.041, compared to 8.172, 9.317, and 18.126 for the journals Neurology , Annals of Neurology , and Lancet Neurology , respectively. An obvious shortcoming of the impact factor, so-computed, is that it represents merely a numeric average that does not shed light on the extent to which the individual articles of a journal contribute to its overall citation impact. Thus, the intent of the present contribution is to provide an expanded analysis of the citation impact of articles and reviews published in Stroke in the years 2008 and 2009. The present analysis utilized the Scopus database (SciVerse, Elsevier3), a large online abstract and citation database of the world's peer-reviewed literature in the world that provides citation data current as of the date-of-search. All “articles+reviews” published in the journal Stroke during the calendar years 2008 and 2009 were accessed, and their citation numbers as of the date of search (August 29, 2011) were tabulated. Note that …
Infant Mortality and SIDS Perceptions Among Key Healthcare Professional Informants in Sedgwick County, KS

Sedgwick County, KS, has one of the highest infant mortality rates (IMR) in the USA, of which sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a large component. The purpose of this study was to assess local key informants’ awareness of the high IMR overall, their knowledge and beliefs about SIDS risk factors specifically, and their recommendations for ways to increase physician and community awareness of SIDS within Sedgwick County, KS. Structured interviews were conducted with key informants from Sedgwick County, KS. Four themes emerged from key informant interviews: low level of awareness of infant mortality and SIDS, target population most at risk for SIDS/infant mortality, and barriers to and importance of SIDS education. Key informants were in consensus that there was a lack of general community awareness surrounding the high IMR in Sedgwick County. Strategies were identified to address this issue, including consistent SIDS education of medical providers and parents, social support to moms, use of social media, and involving the faith community in educating target populations about risk factors. Health and public health key informants provided an overall view of their perception of the SIDS problem in Sedgwick County, KS. Based on collected interviews, the consensus was there are significant problems within Sedgwick County around the issue of SIDS awareness (severity of the problem), SIDS risk, and barriers to increasing SIDS education among professional and community members. African-Americans were identified as the population with the highest infant mortality and SIDS rates in Sedgwick County by health and public health key informant participants. A concerted, educational approach was recommended as the best way forward to reduce SIDS risk within this community.
Graph orientation, labeling and their applications

Graphs are widely used to represent information that can be modeled as objects and connections between those objects. A graph orientation assigns a direction to each edge of the graph. A graph labeling assigns distinct numbers from 1 to n to all the vertices of the graph. Graph orientations and graph labelings are two important techniques used in graph theory, graph algorithm and graph drawing. We investigate some applications of them in this research. Recently, Hoffmann and Kriegel proved an important combinatorial theorem: Every 2-connected bipartite plane G has a triangulation in which all vertices have even degree (it's called an even triangulation). A complicated O(n2) time algorithm was obtained by them for constructing an even triangulation of G. They conjectured that there is an O(n3/2) time algorithm for solving this problem. Using this theorem, Hoffmann and Kriegel significantly improved the upper bounds of several art gallery and prison guard problems. This proof was purely algebraic and it cannot be extended to similar graphs embedded on high genus surfaces. It's not known whether Hoffmann and Kriegel's Theorem is true for such graphs. We develop a totally independent and much simpler proof of the above theorem, using graph orientation technique. Our new proof can be easily extended to show the existence of even triangulations for similar graphs on high genus surfaces. Our proof also leads to a very simple linear time algorithm for finding even triangulations. The visualization of complex conceptual structures is a key component of support tools for many applications in science and engineering. Many information visualization systems require graphs to be drawn so that they are easy to read and understand. There are many styles of graph drawing. A visibility representation (VR) of a plane graph G is a representation, where the vertices of G are represented by non-overlapping horizontal vertex segments, and each edge of G is represented by a vertical line segment touching the vertex segments of its end vertices. The problem of computing a compact VR is important not only in algorithmic graph theory, but also in practical applications such as VLSI layout. We use the graph labeling technique to obtain more compact VR of plane graphs. We also present several open problems for future research.
Gadolinium and mechanotransduction of rat aortic baroreceptors.

The cellular mechanisms enabling baroreceptors to transduce wall distortion into axonal discharge are unknown but might involve stretch-activated ion channels. Gadolinium (Gd3+, 10 microM) blocks s...
Augmented Intelligence

Douglas Engelbart, J.C.R. Licklider, DARPA, augmented human intellect, Google Glass, and silicon sapience: what a fascinating amalgam of leaders, devices, and concepts! With today's cloud computing and with the legacy of giants like Engelbart and Licklider, we are at the beginning of a new age in machine intelligence that could result in a remarkable partnership between computers and humans, reinforcing the strengths of both.
On the Theorem of Frullani

(1951). On the Theorem of Frullani. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 158-164.
ABET Accreditation - Realization in Thermo/Fluid Courses

One of the challenges in teaching engineering is to break the barrier between theory and practice and take the students outside the classroom to apply what they learned to solve real life engineering problems. The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) is one of the organizations that help engineering schools to achieve this objective through a set of required program outcomes needed for accreditation. The present paper discuss three examples of course improvements that successfully met the ABET requirements for design realization in Thermo/Fluid courses in the last accreditation visit. Design projects were introduced in three courses: Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics, and Heat Transfer. The details of each project, the changes made in each course and the multilevel assessment process are presented. The discussion is supported by samples from the students’ work and assessment results.
The new ACR/EULAR remission criteria: rationale for developing new criteria for remission

As more effective treatments for RA have become available, studies have demonstrated that in patients who attained remission, defined as a simplified disease activity index (SDAI) ≤3.3, not only disease activity but radiographic progression was reduced. The feasibility and the benefit of attaining remission led to the development of the ACR/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) 2011 remission criteria. These criteria employ either a Boolean definition, including tender and swollen joint counts ≤1, and CRP ≤1 mg/dl, or an index-based definition, SDAI ≤3.3, in combination with patient-reported outcomes on a scale of 0-10. It is expected that the ACR/EULAR criteria will be used as secondary outcomes in clinical trials. Some questions about the implementation of the new criteria include the availability of CRP values, and the possibility that patient-reported outcomes may skew the outcome if patients cannot distinguish other musculoskeletal conditions from RA. Several issues require further study, including the role of imaging, fatigue and the impact of the involvement of joints other than the 28 counted in the ACR/EULAR criteria.
Normal blood calcium homeostasis in response to calcium infusion in pseudohypoparathyroidism and idiopathic hypoparathyroidism.

SummaryBlood calcium homeostasis after calcium infusion was measured in 4 pseudohypoparathyroid patients and in one patient with “idiopathic hypoparathyroidism”—as a reflection of possible excessive thyrocalcitonin secretion. The response was similar to that of normal subjects, and in no patient did the postinfusion level fall below the initial level. This is evidence against the concept that excessive thyrocalcitonin secretion produces the hypocalcemia in these diseases.
Initial and boundary value problems for fractional order differential equations

In this chapter we will discuss boundary value problems for fractional order differential and pseudo-differential equations. For methodological clarity we first consider in detail the Cauchy problem for pseudo-differential equations of time-fractional order β, \(m - 1 <\beta <m,\) (\(m \in \mathbb{N}\)) $$\displaystyle\begin{array}{rcl} D_{{\ast}}^{\beta }u(t,x) = A(D)u(t,x) + h(t,x),\quad t> 0,\ x \in \mathbb{R}^{n},& &{}\end{array}$$ (5.1) $$\displaystyle\begin{array}{rcl} \frac{\partial ^{k}u(0,x)} {\partial t^{k}} =\varphi _{k}(x),\quad x \in \mathbb{R}^{n},\ k = 0,\ldots,m - 1,& &{}\end{array}$$ (5.2) where h(t, x) and \(\varphi _{k},\ k = 0,\ldots,m - 1,\) are given functions in certain spaces described later, \(D = (D_{1},\ldots,D_{n})\), \(D_{j} = -i \frac{\partial } {\partial x_{j}},\ j = 1,\ldots,n\), A(D) is a ΨDOSS with a symbol A(ξ) ∈ XS p (G) defined in an open domain \(G \subset \mathbb{R}^{n}\), and \(D_{{\ast}}^{\beta }\) is the fractional derivative of order β > 0 in the sense of Caputo-Djrbashian (see Section 3.5)
Murine gamma/delta-expressing T cells affect alloengraftment via the recognition of nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class Ib antigens

T cells with antidonor specificities have been isolated from human recipients experiencing graft rejection after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Partial T-cell depletion of unrelated BM grafts with an anti- T-cell receptor (TCR) monoclonal antibody (MoAb) directed against the TCR alpha/beta heterodimer have shown that the incidence of graft-versus-host disease is low and that the incidence of durable engraftment is high. These studies suggest either that the number of residual TCR alpha/beta+ cells was sufficient to permit alloengraftment or that the preservation of cells other than TCR alpha/beta+ cells was beneficial for engraftment. With respect to the latter, one such candidate cell is the TCR gamma/delta+ T cell. Because no studies have specifically examined whether TCR gamma/delta+ cells might be capable of eliminating BM-derived hematopoietic cells, we established a new graft rejection model system in which transgenic (Tg) H-2d mice (termed G8), known to express gamma/delta heterodimers on high proportion of peripheral T cells, were used as BMT recipients. These Tg TCR gamma/delta+ cells respond vigorously to target cells that express the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class lb region gene products encoded in H-2T region of H-2T(b)+ strains. G8 Tg mice were used as recipients for C57BL/6 (B6: H-2(b); H-2T(b)) T-cell-depleted (TCD) donor BM. We show that G8 Tg (H-2(d), H-2T(d)) mice are potent mediators of B6 BM graft rejection and that the rejection process was inhibited by anti-TCR gamma/delta MoAbs. In contrast, BM from a B6 congenic strain that expresses the H-2T(a) allele, B6.A-Tl(a)/BoyEg, was readily accepted, suggesting that H-2T antigens on repopulating donor BM cells are the targets of host graft rejecting T cells that express the TCR gamma/delta heterodimer. PB chimerism studies were performed at > or = 1.5 months post-BMT using TCD BM from severe combined immunodeficient allogeneic donors, which is highly susceptible to rejection by the host. The addition of donor G8 TCR gamma/delta+ cells to TCD donor BM was shown to significantly increase alloengraftment in B6 recipients. These results show that (1) host TCR gamma/delta+ cells can reject repopulating donor cells, presumably by responding to nonclassical MHC class lb gene products expressed on BM-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells; and (2) donor TCR gamma/delta+ cells can facilitate the alloengraftment of rigorously TCD donor BM.
Relative importance of horizontal and vertical transports to the formation of ionospheric storm-enhanced density and polar tongue of ionization

There are still uncertainties regarding the formation mechanisms for storm-enhanced density (SED) in the high and subauroral latitude ionosphere. In this work, we deploy the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) and GPS total electron content (TEC) observations to identify the principle mechanisms for SED and the tongue of ionization (TOI) through term-by-term analysis of the ion continuity equation and also identify the advantages and deficiencies of the TIEGCM in capturing high-latitude and subauroral latitude ionospheric fine structures for the two geomagnetic storm events occurring on 17 March 2013 and 2015. Our results show that in the topside ionosphere, upward E × B ion drifts are most important in SED formation and are offset by antisunward neutral winds and downward ambipolar diffusion effects. In the bottomside F region ionosphere, neutral winds play a major role in generating SEDs. SED signature in TEC is mainly caused by upward E × B ion drifts that lift the ionosphere to higher altitudes where chemical recombination is slower. Horizontal E × B ion drifts play an essential role in transporting plasma from the dayside convection throat region to the polar cap to form TOIs. Inconsistencies between model results and GPS TEC data were found: (1) GPS relative TEC difference between storm time and quiet time has “holes” in the dayside ion convection entrance region, which do not appear in the model results. (2) The model tends to overestimate electron density enhancements in the polar region. Possible causes for these inconsistencies are discussed in this article.
Experiential Signal Processing (ESP) and Experiential Telecommunications (ET)

We define the research fields of experiential signal processing (ESP) and experiential telecommunications (ET), which are concerned with sensing, communicating, and presenting an Environment, Event, or Experience at a distance. We develop our vision of ESP and ET and describe key components and research fields. We highlight the challenges of presenting multichannel, multimedia information and present an example for panoramic video using the Allosphere, a 3-story sphere housed in an anechoic chamber, that has been constructed at UCSB.
Comments on Danielle Macbeth’s Realizing Reason

Realizing Reason is a long and dense book. The prospect of working through it may appear daunting. But its broad historical synthesis, intellectual ingenuity, and philosophical depth reward the eff...
Pool boiling inversion through bubble induced macroconvection

While numerous surface geometries have been explored to achieve enhancements in pool boiling critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient (HTC), their mechanistic contributions towards the characteristics of the pool boiling curve are not clear. Recently reported pool boiling curves in literature have shown a trend where an increase in heat flux leads to a decrease in wall superheat. Consequently, a negative slope in the pool boiling curve accompanied by a sharp increase in HTC, termed here as boiling inversion, is observed. We demonstrate that this inversion is due to vapor stream induced reinforcement of an impinging liquid jet over the non-boiling regions. This behavior is characteristic of surfaces developed using separate liquid-vapor pathways and macroconvection enhancement mechanism resulting in a highly efficient self-sustained boiling configuration. The increased jet impingement velocities lead to higher HTCs with lower wall superheats. The analytical models available in literature are employ...
Can pancreatitis be treated by inhibiting Ca2+ signaling?

Ionized calcium (Ca 2+ ) has long been known to be a major controller of cell function including pancreatic acinar cell secretion; in fact, research on pancreatic acinar cells in the 1980’s was instrumental in establishing the mechanisms by which sequestered calcium is released into the cytoplasm to act as an intracellular messenger in response to hormones and neurotransmitters (1). In acinar cells this signaling consists of transient Ca 2+ elevations in the apical pole of the cell that triggers exocytosis of zymogen granules (2). Hyperstimulation of acinar cells especially by CCK led to a large single peak of Ca 2+ followed by a plateau of elevated calcium. Since hyperstimulation by the CCK analog cerulein has long been known to induce experimental pancreatitis (3), it was a logical step forward to show using isolated pancreatic acini that a high level of intracellular Ca 2+ was associated with and probably caused premature trypsin activation, cell vacuolization, and necrosis which are considered the in vitro equivalent of acute pancreatitis (AP) (4-6).
Who pays taxes? Liturgies and the Antidosis procedure in Ancient Athens

Ancient Athens developed a constitutional democracy. A core, time invariant political economy problem is that of providing public services when wealth is imperfectly know. I model theoretically a unique institution developed in Ancient Athens known as the Antidosis. It allowed a citizen on the list of tax-payers to challenge a citizen not contributing to replace him and make the public goods contribution. The challenged citizen, rather than allow the claim to go before a jury trial, could choose to swap wealth with the accusing tax payer. I argue this acts as a screening mechanism and improves upon the asymmetric information problem the government has in identifying who is indeed those who have the highest wealth to provide the tax revenue to finance the public services.
Reconstituting the 4-Strand DNA Strand Exchange.

Abstract Proteins of the Rad51 family play a key role in homologous recombination by carrying out DNA strand exchange. Here, we present the methodology and the protocols for the 4-strand exchange between gapped circular DNA and homologous linear duplex DNA promoted by human Rad51 and Escherichia coli RecA orthologs. This reaction includes formation of joint molecules and their extension by branch migration in a polar manner. The presented methodology may be used for reconstitution of the medial-to-late stages of homologous recombination in vitro as well as for investigation of the mechanisms of branch migration by helicase-like proteins, e.g., Rad54, BLM, or RecQ1.
Standards for design and measurement would make clinical research reproducible and usable

We find standards useful in everyday life and in science, although we do not always follow them. Adopting new standards can be expensive, so there may be a strong incentive to maintain the status quo rather than adopt new standards. The scientific community has many standards encompassing both doing clinical research and reporting it, including standards for design and measurement. Although existing research standards have improved both research and its reporting, we need to unify existing standards and to fill the gaps between steps throughout the research process. Existing gaps include implementation of standards and links between standards for study registration (to know about all studies undertaken), study protocols (to identify the preplanned study design and methods), data collection (to assess outcomes that are important and comparable across studies), dissemination of findings (to know the results of previous studies), data sharing (to make best use of existing data), and evidence synthesis (to draw appropriate conclusions from the body of evidence). The scientific community must work together to harmonize existing standards, to ensure that standards are kept up to date, to check that standards are followed, and to develop standards where they are still needed. A unified system of standards will make our work more reproducible.
The Use of Telemedicine for the Postoperative Urological Care of Children: Results of a Pilot Program.

Purpose:For postoperative visits, which are often brief interactions between family and clinician, patients may prefer the convenience of receiving postoperative care from home. We evaluated the fe...
Mechanics of Cellular Membranes

In this chapter we summarize the theory of cellular membranes required to model a diverse range of biological phenomena. A typical lipid bilayer is modeled as a two dimensional fluid shell with flexural resistance. We discuss the notion of fluidity and obtain the governing equilibrium equations for membranes with inhomogeneous properties. The theory is specialized to axisymmetric problems and employed to model protein mediated endocytosis. We obtain the contact conditions required to model the interactions of membranes with curved substrates in the presence of wetting and adhesion. Finally, we discuss the theory of membranes with coexistent phases.
LEARNING TO INTEGRATE SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS

ELAN (Episodic Language Acquisition Network) is a sentence analyzer that learns to parse sentences into case frame meaning representations by acquiring a case-based memory for syntactic/semantic relationships. During sentence analysis, ELAN represents the search space of possible interpretations in a network whose structure reflects ELAN's past experience with similar sentences. A relaxation algorithm is then applied to identify a preferred interpretation within this network representation. This paper describes ELAN's approach to sentence analysis.
Effects of Sodium and Tungsten Promoters on Mg6MnO8-Based Core–Shell Redox Catalysts for Chemical Looping—Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane

The present study investigates the effect of sodium and tungsten promoters on Mg6MnO8-based redox catalysts in a chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation (CL-ODH) scheme. CL-ODH has the potential...
Fluctuation-dissipation in active matter

In a colloidal suspension at equilibrium, the diffusive motion of a tracer particle due to random thermal fluctuations from the solvent is related to the particle’s response to an applied external force, provided this force is weak compared to the thermal restoring forces in the solvent. This is known as the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) and is expressed via the Stokes-Einstein-Sutherland (SES) relation D = kBT/ζ, where D is the particle’s self-diffusivity (fluctuation), ζ is the drag on the particle (dissipation), and kBT is the thermal Boltzmann energy. Active suspensions are widely studied precisely because they are far from equilibrium—they can generate significant nonthermal internal stresses, which can break the detailed balance and time-reversal symmetry—and thus cannot be assumed to obey the FDT a priori. We derive a general relationship between diffusivity and mobility in generic colloidal suspensions (not restricted to near equilibrium) using generalized Taylor dispersion theory and derive specific conditions on particle motion required for the FDT to hold. Even in the simplest system of active Brownian particles (ABPs), these conditions may not be satisfied. Nevertheless, it is still possible to quantify deviations from the FDT and express them in terms of an effective SES relation that accounts for the ABPs conversion of chemical into kinetic energy.In a colloidal suspension at equilibrium, the diffusive motion of a tracer particle due to random thermal fluctuations from the solvent is related to the particle’s response to an applied external force, provided this force is weak compared to the thermal restoring forces in the solvent. This is known as the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) and is expressed via the Stokes-Einstein-Sutherland (SES) relation D = kBT/ζ, where D is the particle’s self-diffusivity (fluctuation), ζ is the drag on the particle (dissipation), and kBT is the thermal Boltzmann energy. Active suspensions are widely studied precisely because they are far from equilibrium—they can generate significant nonthermal internal stresses, which can break the detailed balance and time-reversal symmetry—and thus cannot be assumed to obey the FDT a priori. We derive a general relationship between diffusivity and mobility in generic colloidal suspensions (not restricted to near equilibrium) using generalized Taylor dispersion theory and deri...
The Loss of Client Agency into the Psychopharmaceutical-Industrial Complex

The psychopharmaceutical industrial complex (PPIC) and its adherence to the disease model pervades mainstream culture and greatly impacts psychotherapy. Consequently, the effects of the PPIC may have resulted in some psychiatric consumers adopting disease-model messages in ways similar to cult indoctrination. Consumer adoption of the disease model can create obstacles to treatment when hope is fundamental. In this article, I draw parallels between cult indoctrination and PPIC techniques and note similarities between cult members and consumers who are vulnerable to losing their identities to the PPIC. Suggestions for the profession of mental health counseling and those working with these consumers conclude the article.
From NaZn4Sb3 to HT-Na1–xZn4–ySb3: Panoramic Hydride Synthesis, Structural Diversity, and Thermoelectric Properties

Two new sodium zinc antimonides NaZn4Sb3 and HT-Na1–xZn4–ySb3 were synthesized by using reactive sodium hydride, NaH, as a precursor. The hydride route provides uniform mixing and comprehensive control over the composition, facilitating fast reactions and high-purity samples, whereas traditional synthesis using sodium metal results in inhomogeneous samples with a significant fraction of the more stable NaZnSb compound. NaZn4Sb3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P63/mmc space group (No. 194, Z = 2, a = 4.43579(4) A, c = 23.41553(9) A) and is stable upon heating in vacuum up to 736 K. The layered crystal structure of NaZn4Sb3 is related to the structure of the well-studied thermoelectric antimonides AeZn2Sb2 (Ae = Ca, Sr, Eu). Upon heating in vacuum, NaZn4Sb3 transforms to HT-Na1–xZn4–ySb3 (x = 0.047(3), y = 0.135(1)) due to partial Na/Zn evaporation/elimination, as was determined from high-temperature in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. HT-Na1–xZn4–ySb3 has a complex monoclinic structure with conside...
Successful Implementation of a Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) Program

Introduction Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) are required by the Food and Drug Administration to mitigate risks associated with select medications, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) products. Successful implementation of a CAR-T program includes compliance with REMS programs and associated audits. Objectives To effectively comply with CAR-T cell product REMS programs, the following roadmap for implementation is recommended. Methods Designation of an authorized representative with clinical and process improvement experience is paramount to successful implementation, in addition to provider and leadership engagement. An organized system of thorough record keeping with quarterly audits helps ensure accurate training and program maintenance records. Use of electronic medical record tools using discrete fields assists with standardized and consistent documentation. Finally, a proactive approach to audits with associated chart preparation leads to identification and resolution of existing deficiencies prior to inspections. Results Utilizing these strategies, an initial CAR-T cell product REMS audit was completed with zero citations, and a foundation was built for compliance with future reviews. Conclusion Several key techniques are critical to optimize compliance with CAR-T cell REMS programs.
Do you computer take this television ...

Just as computerized information systems are revolutionizing the way hospitals distribute patient information around the healthcare system, interactive video technology now is revolutionizing the way television sets are used in patient rooms. The TV set is becoming a source of hospital and patient information, and helps provide patient education.
Synergy between hot water treatment and high temperature ethylene treatment in promoting antioxidants in mature-green tomatoes

Abstract Controlled postharvest stresses were used to induce the synthesis of antioxidants in tomato fruit. In this study, a hot-water (HW) treatment of 52 °C for 5 min promoted higher total oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) compared to fruit immersed in 25 °C water for 5 min. Whereas, ethylene treatment at high temperature, particularly at 35 °C for 24, 48 or 72 h, induced higher content of total phenolics and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) than fruit treated with ethylene at 20 or 30 °C. In combination, there was synergy between the treatments, and this was most notable by the increase of total phenolics in HW-treated tomatoes exposed to ethylene at 35 °C for 24, 48 or 72 h. There was also a significant increase of total ORAC in HW-treated fruit exposed to ethylene at 30 °C for 72 h or 35 °C for 24, 48 or 72 h. This increase in antioxidant capacity was observed in the hydrophilic fraction of HW-treated fruit exposed to ethylene at 30 °C for 72 h or 35 °C for 24 or 48 h and in the lipophilic fraction of HW-treated tomatoes exposed to ethylene at 35 °C for 24, 48 or 72 h. Moreover, The HW-treatment especially maintained the level of total carotenoids and ascorbic acid when exposed to ethylene at 30 °C for 72 h or 35 °C for 48 or 72 h. Nevertheless, the high temperature ethylene treatment reduced the a* value of tomato peel regardless of the application of HW treatment. In conclusion, application of a HW treatment of 52 °C for 5 min followed by exposure to ethylene at 35 °C for 48 h was most effective in synergistically improving the antioxidant capacity and composition of tomatoes without severely impairing color development.
Communicating the health risks of wildfire smoke exposure: Health literacy considerations of public health campaigns

Effective communication about the health effects of wildfire smoke is important to protect the public, especially the consumers most vulnerable to the effects of wildfire smoke exposure: those with chronic respiratory conditions, children, and older adults. The objective of this paper is to examine the clarity and accessibility of visual materials intended to educate consumers about the health effects of wildfire. The CDC Clear Communications Index (CCI) is used to evaluate whether materials adhere to the main principles of health literacy: clarity and accessibility. In addition, gaps in the materials are identified and the accuracy of the information presented is assessed in light of current medical literature. Our finding is that most materials focus on communicating specific behavioral recommendations for protecting the health of the consumers, particularly to avoid exposure to air polluted by wildfire smoke by staying indoors, reducing activity levels, and using air purifiers or approved dust masks
Lightweight and Instant Access Technologies and Protocols to Boost Digital Transformations

The further integration of telecommunications and industry has been considerable and is expected to bring significant benefits to society and economics. It also leads to some evolution trends for next-generation communication systems, including further rises in machine-type communications (MTC), uplink-dominated systems, and decentralized structures. However, the existing access protocols are not friendly to these trends. This paper analyzes the problems of existing access protocols and provides novel access technologies to solve them. These technologies include contention-based NOMA, data features, enhanced pilot design and successive interference cancellation (SIC) of diversity. With these key enablers, lightweight and instant access can be realized, and some potential modifications of protocols are analyzed. Finally, this paper uses massive and critical scenarios in digital transformations to show the great necessity of introducing novel access technologies into future communication protocols.
Is Externally Corrected Coupled Cluster Always Better Than the Underlying Truncated Configuration Interaction

The short answer to the question in the title is "no". We identify classes of truncated configuration interaction (CI) wave functions for which the externally corrected coupled-cluster (ec-CC) approach using the three-body (T3) and four-body (T4) components of the cluster operator extracted from CI does not improve the results of the underlying CI calculations. Implications of our analysis, illustrated by numerical examples, for the ec-CC computations using truncated and selected CI methods are discussed. We also introduce a novel ec-CC approach using the T3 and T4 amplitudes obtained with the selected CI scheme abbreviated as CIPSI, correcting the resulting energies for the missing T3 correlations not captured by CIPSI with the help of moment expansions similar to those employed in the completely renormalized CC methods.