cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transkulturelle Psychiatrie und das dritte Jasperssche Wahnkriterium

Es ist sicherlich nicht ubertrieben, wenn man den Wahn als das Problem der transkulturellen Psychiatrie schlechthin bezeichnet. Zwar bringen andere psychopathologische Symptome im Kulturvergleich ebenfalls Schwierigkeiten mit sich; diese sind jedoch eher zu umgehen oder zu uberwinden als beim Wahn: Wo das “Sehen” von Geistern oder das “Tagtraumen” zum Alltag gehort, wird das Symptom “Halluzination” problematisch (vgl. Smythies 1956; Al-issa 1977; Bram und Simos 1981), und wo die Sprache das Wort “Ich” nicht enthalt, sind “Ichstorungen” moglicherweise schwieriger zu erfassen (vgl. hierzu Wulff 1966, 1978).1
Automating e-Surveys

In this paper we investigate the problem of manual survey completion for the purposes of market validation. This study resides in the application domain of business market validation as a motivating example. The amount of data which can be output for market validation can be drastically increased through the process of automation. Through the use of automatic survey completion, we seek to decrease the amount of time required for each survey and therefore increase the efficiency of market data collection. Each survey completed with automation increases the efficiency and results in more market data collection. We outline a chrome application which opens a survey website and answers designated questions. We next document the improvements provided by the automation. Then we overview the results and discuss the available improvements to survey automation process.
Twin Higgs mechanism and a composite Higgs boson

We combine the twin Higgs mechanism with the paradigm of composite Higgs models. In this class of models the Higgs is a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson from a strongly coupled sector near the TeV scale, and it is additionally protected by a discrete symmetry due to the twin mechanism. We discuss the model-building issues associated with this setup and quantify the tuning needed to achieve the correct electroweak vacuum and the Higgs mass. In contrast to standard composite Higgs models, the lightest resonance associated with the top sector is the uncolored mirror top, while the colored top partners can be made parameterically heavier without extra tuning. In some cases, the vector resonances are predicted to lie in the multi-TeV range. We present models where the resonances---both fermions and vectors---being heavier alleviates the pressure on naturalness coming from direct searches demonstrating that theories with low tuning may survive constraints from the Large Hadron Collider.
Chapter 6 – Spinocerebellar degenerations

The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are a large group of inherited disorders affecting the cerebellum and its afferent and efferent pathways. Their hallmark symptom is slowly progressive, symmetrical, midline, and appendicular ataxia. Some may also have associated hyperkinetic movements (chorea, dystonia, myoclonus, postural/action tremor, restless legs, rubral tremor, tics), which may aid in differential diagnosis and provide treatable targets to improve performance and quality of life in these progressive, incurable conditions. The typical dominant ataxias with associated hyperkinetic movements are SCA1–3, 6–8, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19–21, and 27. The common recessive ataxias with associated hyperkinetic movements are ataxia telangiectasia and Friedreich's ataxia. Fragile X tremor-ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and multiple-system atrophy (a sporadic ataxia which is felt to have a genetic substrate) also have hyperkinetic features. A careful work-up should be done in all apparently sporadic cases, to rule out acquired causes of ataxia, some of which can cause hyperkinetic movements in addition to ataxia. Some testing should be done even in individuals with a confirmed genetic cause, as the presence of a secondary factor (nutritional deficiency, thyroid dysfunction) can contribute to the phenotype.
Studies In Reptilian Colour Changes: II. The Pituitary And Adrenal Glands In The Regulation Of The Melanophores Of Anolis Carolinensis

1. Anolis becomes dark brown on a light-absorbing background and bright green on a light-dispersing background, the changes being accomplished by a dispersion or concentration of pigment within melanophores. 2. Blinded lizards lose the ability to respond to changes in backgrounds, but become brown when in light and green when kept in darkness. 3. Hypophysectomy results in permanent pallor. The brown colour can be temporarily elicited in such lizards by injection of appropriate extracts of the pituitary gland. 4. Denervated regions of skin undergo normal colour changes. 5. Electrical stimulation of hypophysectomized lizards evokes a mottled pattern. 6. Mottling is under hormonal and not under nervous regulation.
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in the Cancer Patient

Although acute respiratory failure remains a dangerous and frequent complication in the cancer patient, the mortality of these patients has declined in the intensive care unit (ICU). This is due to a combination of improved aggressive cancer therapies, earlier and more accurate diagnostic strategies, and an enhanced knowledge of supportive treatments in the critically ill. The improvement in mortality, however, has also led to an increase in the number of patients who remain dependent on the ventilator despite overcoming their acute illness. The definition of “prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV)” has been set forth by a consensus statement by the former National Association for Medical Direction of Respiratory Care (NAMDRC) in 2004, and it is defined as the need for 21 or more days of mechanical ventilation for 6 or more hours per day [1]. Other authors describe the “chronically critically ill (CCI)” patient. Generally, the chronically critically ill population includes patients who require the ICU setting for weeks to months, typically due to the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation [2]. Definitions have been variable, however, and this is reflected in the heterogeneity of clinical, medicolegal, financial, and epidemiologic data collection. In this chapter, the terms PMV and CCI will be used interchangeably.
References to Other Topics

A pulse is a traveling structure whose profile approaches the same limit at ±«. Thus, as distinguished from a front, the reacting medium returns to its original state after a pulse traverses it. Signals propagating along a nerve axon are very successfully modeled by pulse solutions of the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) or FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) systems of reaction-diffusion equations, and this, in fact, is the context within which almost all the work on reaction-diffusion pulses has been performed. Excellent reviews of this work are available (Rinzel 1978a; Scott 1975, 1977; Hastings 1975; Troy 1978a; H. Cohen 1971), and so my comments here will be very brief.
Visual Texture for Recognition

One of the most important tasks of the visual system in man is the recognition and identification of objects. An object within the field of view has place as well as form, color, size, texture, depth and motion. Many investigations have established the importance of shape for recognition.1 However, clinical and theoretical discussions of recognition of objects have tended to ignore the role of other visual properties in guiding recognition. This has been partly because shape information is usually more pertinent for manipulation purposes than any other object properties, but perhaps also because it is easier to think in terms of the geometry of spatial relations. Yet everyday visual experience tells one that other visual properties, such as texture, the pattern of an object’s material surface, can reliably guide recognition. For example, one can recognize a pineapple solely on the basis of the pattern of its skin, without needing to rely on additional information about its shape, size, or color. However, it is often harder to identify a lemon, an orange and even a canteloupe only on the basis of their skin pattern. How does this about?
Adverse effects of leuprolide acetate depot treatment

One hundred two premenopausal women with uterine myomas were treated with LA depot. All women experienced adverse effects during GnRH-a treatment. The majority experienced symptoms attributed to a rapid and sustained decrease in circulating estrogen concentrations beginning 2 to 7 weeks after initiation of treatment. A smaller percentage of women experienced transient adverse effects due to the initial surge and subsequent rapid decline of gonadal steroids. The mechanism of other adverse effects (e.g., arthralgias) remains unclear. Only 6% of women terminated LA treatment before 12 weeks because of the severity of adverse effects.
Prognostic relevance of human papillomavirus infection in anal squamous cell carcinoma: Analysis of the National Cancer Database.

735Background: To examine the prognostic relevance of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection for anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) patients treated with chemoradiation in the National Cancer Databa...
Correction to: Cognitive penetration and the cognition–perception interface

On page 3653, there is a mistake in the explanation of the Cornsweet illusion. In fact, the explanation is that the panel perceived as darker is facing towards the light source—in the case of this figure the light is coming from the right.
Reducing harm by designing discourse and digital tools for opioid users' contexts: the Chicago Recovery Alliance's community-based context of use and PwrdBy's technology-based context of use

The United States is struggling with an opioid overdose (OD) crisis. The opioid OD epidemic includes legally prescribed and illicitly acquired opioids. Regardless of if an opioid is legal, understanding users' contexts of use is essential to design effective methods for individuals to reverse opioid OD. In other words, if health information is not designed to be contextually relevant, the opioid OD health information will be unusable. To demonstrate these distinct healthcare design contexts, I extend Patient Experience Design (PXD) to include community-based and technology-based contexts of use by analyzing two case examples of the Chicago Recovery Alliance's and PwrdBy's attempts to decrease deaths by opioid OD. Next, I discuss implications of community-based and technology-based PXD within communities of opioid users, critiquing each method and suggesting four contexts of use-heuristic categories to consider when designing health communication information for users in these contexts.
Can Precision Medicine Reduce the Burden of Diabetes

Precision medicine is a new health care concept intended to hasten progress toward individualized treatment and, in so doing, to improve everyone's opportunity to enjoy good health. Yet, this concept pays scant attention to opportunities for change in the social determinants that are the major drivers of health. Precision medicine research is likely to generate improvements in medical care but may have the unintended consequence of worsening existing disparities in health care access. For prevention, precision medicine emphasizes comprehensive risk prediction and individual efforts to accomplish risk reduction. The application of the precision medicine vision to type 2 diabetes, a growing threat to population health, fails to acknowledge collective responsibility for a health-promoting society.
On ring extensions satisfying the star-hash property

Let R⊆S be a ring extension, and let ⋆:J(R,S)→J(R,S) be a strict star operation on the extension R⊆S. The extension R⊆S is said to satisfy the ⋆-hash property if ∩M∈M1R[M]≠∩M∈M2R[M] for any two dis...
Clinical Management of SAMS

The clinical management of statin-associated muscle symptoms or SAMS depends on the severity of symptoms and the patient’s willingness to continue statin therapy. Symptom severity is based on both the patient’s perception of his/her symptoms and whether or not there is evidence of muscle injury as assessed by creatine kinase (CK) levels. It is critical that patients without evidence of muscle injury be reassured that their symptoms will resolve with statin cessation. We generally stop the statin to observe the patient’s response. The patient can then be started on ezetimibe to see if symptoms return, which suggests a generalized drug aversion, or on low doses of the same or another statin. Low-dose statin therapy can include twice weekly treatment with long-acting statins such as atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, or pitavastatin. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin-9 or PCSK-9 inhibitors are indicated for treatment of patients with established atherosclerotic disease or inherited hypercholesterolemia who have not achieved their desired low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level despite maximally tolerated statin and ezetimibe therapy. PCSK-9 inhibitors are now the preferred agents for managing statin-intolerant patients because of their tolerability and their remarkable reductions in LDL-C. Patients unable to obtain these agents can be managed as best possible with statins and ezetimibe plus niacin and bile acid sequestrants. The goal in patients with SAMS is to produce the lowest reduction in LDL-C possible using statin doses as well as other medications that do not produce intolerable symptoms.
Sulfation of Polysaccharides

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the sulfation of polysaccharides. Methyl sulfoxide–sulfur trioxide is a mild yet potent agent for producing sulfate esters of polysaccharides. It produces sulfate esters of polysaccharides under mild conditions in which minimal depolymerisation occurs. The chapter describes sulfation of starch, pure corn amylose, and corn amylopectin, all of which are soluble in methyl sulfoxide (DMSO). It also describes the sulfation of cellulose, which is insoluble in DMSO and normally, because of insolubility, is found difficult to derivatize. The solutions of sulfur trioxide in DMSO are unstable and should be prepared fresh, immediately before each sulfation, by weighing the approximate amount of complex into DMSO.
A Sociocognitive Discourse Analysis of Monolingual Ideology and Bias in Special Education Partnerships

Communication difficulties between immigrant families, who are non-native English speakers, and special education professionals lead to unsuccessful family–professional partnerships. Such difficult...
Error Analysis and the Role of Permutation in Dynamic Iteration Schemes

As an extension of previous work, we demonstrate that implicit integration methods combined with dynamic iteration schemes applied to selectively determined permutations of differential equations give rise to approximate solutions that converge faster than those obtained using the variable order method. The appropriate permutations strictly depend on the values of the parameters of the given differential system. However, due to the complex influence of the individual parameters on the convergence of the iterations, the relationship between the permutations and the convergence of the resulting schemes remained unknown for systems of higher dimension. In this chapter, we relax this restriction and expand the analysis of the iteration errors and their direct dependence on the given model parameters. Our theoretical analysis of the errors of the dynamic iteration schemes is complemented by illustrative numerical experiments.
A computational study of mechanical properties of collagen-based bio-composites

Studying changes in collagen deformation behavior at the nanoscale due to variations in mineralization and hydration is important for characterizing and developing collagen-based bio-composites. Re...
A Stepping-Stone to Fully Integrated Whole-Body PET/MRI (perspective on “Performance Measurements of the Siemens mMR Integrated Whole-Body PET/MR Scanner” J Nucl Med. 2011;52:1914–1922)

PET and MRI have long been used to obtain molecular, functional, and morphologic information to study the human body in health and disease. In addition to allowing the simultaneous acquisition of these complementary datasets, fully integrated PET/MRI systems have the potential to combine their
The Journey: Moving Racial Diversification Forward from Mere Commitment to Shared Value in Elite Law Firms

This article uses interview data, diversity reports and descriptive statistical data spanning thirteen years to examine how and why law firms cultivate, and maintain, racial diversity among their employees. The Article argues that elite law firms are committed to maintaining racial diversity because of its importance to their corporate identity. Firms believe that racial diversity is important to maintaining their status and legitimacy with stakeholders such as clients and law students. It argues that firms do not value racial diversity as an end in itself or as an important component of their organizational identity. The Article proposes that racial diversity can become a shared value if law firms imbibe the role of diversity champions, and what I refer to as “intentional diversity.” Diversity champions commit to integrating racial minorities into their firms, while “intentional diversity” is a personal decision made by individual firm members, beyond champions, to integrate and include racial minorities in law firms.
From rule-based explicit instruction to explicit knowledge: a pilot study on how L1 English speakers interpret pedagogical rules about Spanish preterite and imperfect

This pilot study investigated university-level intermediate Spanish learners’ (n=16) explicit knowledge about a contrast in grammatical aspect (preterite/imperfect) after they received rule-based explicit instruction. Prior studies have found that learners’ explicit knowledge about preterite and imperfect includes partially understood rules, which can have long-lasting effects on their performance, so it is important to investigate the disconnect between what is taught and what is learned. Learners completed a cloze test and then introspected about their performance. The data were analysed qualitatively and compared to verbalisations of L1 Spanish speakers (n=6). Four main themes emerged: learners failed to learn the concept of grammatical aspect, they demonstrated confusion about lexical aspect, they attributed the difference between preterite and imperfect to a binary system of lexical aspect feature complexes based on duration of the verb/predicate, and they relied on self-developed categorical rules about adverbial markers. Suggestions for modifications to the conventional pedagogical rules are offered.
AB InBev, Carling Black Label, and Femicide in South Africa (A)

Alarmed by the recent statistics of violence against women (a woman in South Africa was murdered every four hours, and half of them were killed by their partner or spouse), leaders of the African arm of global beer giant Anheuser-Busch InBev (AB InBev) and the South African Breweries (SAB) wanted to address the problem. AB InBev's biggest seller in South Africa was Carling Black Label (Carling), a brand with a traditionally masculine appeal. In considering different options, the company had to consider what obligation it had to ensure responsible consumption and, perhaps, to utilize Carling to challenge the public to recognize and change behaviors. How could the company use brand activism, for example, to effect social change. Should they consider other issues? In short, what role could AB InBev play in taking action against domestic violence? Should it provide funding, create partnerships with the government or nongovernmental organizations, or develop some sort of initiative? Excerpt UVA-E-0425 Rev. Nov. 15, 2019 AB InBev, Carling Black Label, and Femicide in South Africa (A) Andrea Quaye, vice president of marketing at the African arm of global beer giant Anheuser-Busch InBev (AB InBev) and the South African Breweries (SAB), was alarmed by the 2015 statistics. South African society had struggled for years with domestic violence issues, but in recent years, the incidents of femicide—the killing of women and girls by their husbands, partners, or family members—in South Africa was four times greater than the global average. The newspapers had been full of lurid stories. Earlier in the year, a Johannesburg woman, Karabo Mokoena, had been killed by her ex-lover, but she was only one of many victims whose stories appeared frequently in the media. Many factors were blamed for these murders, including general lawlessness, easily available guns, low self-esteem on the part of many South African men, and alcohol misuse. ABInBev's biggest seller in South Africa was Carling Black Label (Carling), a brand with a traditionally masculine appeal. With its high visibility, Carling might be the entry point, whether via a targeted campaign or other endeavor, for addressing the violence. Quaye and her team needed to determine what role, if any, ABInBev and Carling should play in addressing this social ill. There was pressure on companies both in South Africa and internationally to respond to this and other social issues. Where exactly did AB InBev's responsibility lie, and how could the company best utilize its resources, financial or other, to ameliorate the drastic situation? . . .
Data Collection and Generation for Radio Frequency Signal Security

The current proliferation of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) for a wide range of applications ranging from commercial to defence purposes demands the need for their protection. The development of security tools and techniques will need realistic radio frequency (RF) datasets for research and testing. This chapter presents an on-going research and development effort to produce RF signal datasets that can be used for the development and testing of machine learning (ML) systems. We envision that these systems will ultimately be the precursor of future autonomous and secure UAS to benefit society for many generations.
Though thick and thin: PET changes in bone turnover during starvation and refeeding

530 Objectives The adolescent skeleton is negatively impacted by chronic malnutrition. The timing of bone remodeling in response to malnutrition and refeeding is unknown. We used 18F NaF-µPET to measure response to starvation and refeeding, hypothesizing that bone formation decreases in calorically-deprived rats, and subsequently improves during refeeding. Methods Young adult female rats (n=5 per group) were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: A) Normal diet (control) x 12 wk; B) Caloric deprivation x 6 wk, refeeding x 6 wk; C) Chronic caloric deprivation x 12 wk. Serial NaF PET was performed at baseline and 6, 8 (Gp B), & 12 wk to measure bone metabolic responses to the dietary change. Standard uptake values (SUV) were determined over the lumbar spine, proximal femur, abd distal femur. Serum markers of bone formation [osteocalcin (OC)] and growth (IGF-1) were measured. Results Changes in lumbar spine SUV were seen in Group B and C, while Group A showed no change in 12 wk. In Group B, spine SUV declined for 6 wk (-0.09, starvation) then increased above Group A during refeeding (0.09, p=0.01). The slope of the spine SUV line was negative for Group C (chronic starvation; -0.45, p=0.01). No change in SUV at the proximal or distal femur was seen in any group during the study. Hormonal changes mirrored the PET findings with IGF-1 declining (-5.6) and then increasing (10.5) in slope over time in Group B (p=0.01), while remaining constant in Group A & B (p>0.05). OC declined initially in Groups B & C (p Conclusions Starvation and refeeding acutely effect bone turnover as measured by NaF PET. Hormonal alterations and changes in bone turnover markers mirror the PET findings. Recovery of bone in response to even short-term nutritional insults may be slow. Research Support NICHD K23 HD060066
Assessment and Instruction of Object Permanence in Children with Blindness and Multiple Disabilities

IntroductionThis article discusses the impact of blindness and low vision on the development of object permanence and provides suggestions for assessment and instruction.MethodsThe reviewed literat...
Semantic sports video analysis: approaches and new applications

In this paper, we show that event-based semantic analysis of sports video can be achieved through two major classes of methods: approaches using deterministic reasoning and approaches depending on probabilistic inference. Deterministic approaches depend on an explicit description of an event and an explicit representation of the event in terms of low-level aural-visual features that can be automatically detected. Probabilistic approaches are based on some proper state/transition models whose parameters are learnt through labeled training sequences. We first discuss the pros and cons of the two classes of approaches. Next, we present algorithms of these two types for a new application, automatic analysis of coaching video (which is different from sports broadcast programs that have been subject of most prior work).
A Call for a Collective

Politics of Nature How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy. By Bruno Latour . Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2004. 319 pp. $55, £35.95, €50.70. ISBN 0-674-01289-5. Paper, $24.95, £16.95, €23.10. ISBN 0-674-01347-6. Translated by Catherine Porter (). Rejecting a dichotomy between nature and society, Latour argues for a "political ecology," one that would provide the basis for tackling the problems of environmental damage.
Shape Shifting Capital: New Management and the Bodily Metaphors of Spiritual Capitalism

There is a burgeoning and increasingly institutionalized discourse within organizational theory and business practice dedicated to exploring the intersections of “religion” and “spirituality” at work. Turning especially to the broadly influential management theory of Margaret Wheatley, I locate “spiritual” management within a contemporary management ethos characterized by both an increasing interest in transitive phenomena and pre-conscious understanding and the wholesale deregulation of industrial metaphors for society in favor of holistic, cybernetic and global metaphors for a networked society. Turning to the phenomenological and existential anthropology of the anthropologist, Michael Jackson, I argue that social theories, whether industrial or post-industrial, can never claim a full and final grasp over the total processes of life itself. Methodologically, I argue that we might seek to attend to the personal and social dimensions of new “workplace spirituality” contexts by paying careful empirical attention to the practical deployments and personalizations of the lived metaphors of “spiritual” capitalism, considered for these purposes to be important “patterns of intersubjective experience”. What Jackson refers to as “phenomenological and existential deconstruction” has a political edge to it because it always seeks to force abstract theory into a more empirically grounded relationship with life as it is actually lived. As Marx and various critical theories have suggested, the particular experiences of workers often resist and confound the sanitized and universalized ideologies of capital.
Microwave measurements of Hall mobilities in semiconductors

The Hall mobilities of germanium single crystals were measured with a microwave frequency of 9000 Mc/sec over the temperature range 30 to 300 deg K. A rectangular sample occupied the central part of a wall of a rectangular cavity, which was doubly degenerate in the TE/sub 101/ mode and in the TE/sub 011/ mode at a single resonance microwave frequency. The external magnetic field and the microwave field associated with one of the two modes gave rise to the other mode of oscillation, owing to excitation by the microwave Hall field. The theoretical analysis was verified by measurements on an n-type sample having a room temperature resistivity of 0.40 ohm cm. The measured Hall mobility at microwave frequencies (with a size correction) was compared with the d-c Hall mobility between 30 and 300 deg K. The maximum discrepancy was 15%. The estimated experimental error in the microwave measurement was 16%. The magnetic field dependence of the microwave Hall mobility in a p-type sample, having a room temperature resistivity of 0.77 ohm cm, was in qualitative agreement with the d-c results. (auth)
Chronic periodontitis with familial aggregation and discordant identical twins

Chronic periodontitis is an advancement of gingivitis that involves progressive attachment loss, pocketing, and bone loss around the teeth. It has been linked to both genetic and environmental factors, making it a multifactorial disease. This case examines a family of eight siblings with a 50% prevalence of chronic periodontitis. A strong genetic influence is not likely, since one identical twin in this family has chronic periodontitis, while the other twin is unaffected. Environmental risk factors, including smoking, emotional stress, and poor oral hygiene, are present in all affected individuals, thus appearing to play a significant role in the development of periodontitis in this family. It is important for a dentist to understand the etiology of the family’s chronic periodontitis in order to provide proper treatment and management of risk factors so that good oral health can be maintained.
Using the Achieving Success Everyday (ASE) Group Model to Promote Self-Esteem and Academic Achievement for English as a Second Language (ESL) Students.

The Achieving Success Everyday (ASE) group model is used to promote self-esteem and academic performance of English as a second language (ESL) students. The findings from the preliminary data indicated that the participants' self-esteem was significantly improved after participation in the group. There was no significant improvement in the total GPA of the participants, although 75% of the participants made modest improvement in GPA. This article explores implications for practice and research.
THE HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF NICOTINIC ACID IN RATS.

Nicotinic acid, in doses of 100 to 500 mg/kg orally, causes a fall in blood glucose in normal, alloxan diabetic, or adrenalectomized rats. In rats treated with nicotinic acid, labeled glucose disappears from the blood at a more rapid rate than in control animals, and the glucose is oxidized to CO2 more rapidly. Nicotinic acid causes a decrease in liver, heart, and skeletal muscle glycogen in normal rats.
Characteristics of tetanic and post-tetanic potentiation in the septohippocampal and hippocampal commissural systems in the acute rabbit

The frequency characteristics of tetanic and post-tetanic potentiation of the septohippocampal and hippocampal commissural systems were studied in the acute rabbit preparation. Glass micropipettes were employed to stimulate the medial septal (MSR) and contralateral CA1 (cCA1) regions. Extracellular postsynaptic potentials were recorded in the stratum radiatum and stratum oriens layers of dorsal CA1. Low frequencies of stimulation (2--12 Hz) and brief stimulus trains (7 or 16 stimuli) ensured that only short-term effects appeared in the data. With MSR and cCA1 stimulation, tetanic potentiation became pronounced at 4 Hz, and plateaued at 6--8 Hz. Thus potentiation was found to be pronounced within the range of the rabbit hippocampal theta rhythm. No differences were found in the characteristics of potentiation evoked by stimulation of MSR and cCA1. Post-tetanic potentiation lasting 6--12 sec was found. Again, potentiation characteristics did not depend on stimulus site, suggesting a common mechanism for the pathways studied. A two-factor mechanism was proposed to account for the post-tetanic potentiation data.
New developments in the design and generation of gear drives

AbstractDesign, generation and simulation of the meshing and contact of gear drives with favourable bearing contact and reduced noise are considered. The proposed approach is based on replacement of the instantaneous line of contact of tooth surfaces by point contact and on application of a predesigned parabolic function of transmission errors that is able to absorb linear discontinuous functions of transmission errors caused by misalignment. Basic algorithms for analysis and synthesis of gear drives are presented. The developed theory is applied for design and generation of the following gear drives with modified geometry:(a) spur and helical gears,(b) a new version of Novikov-Wildhaber (N-W) helical gears,(c) asymmetric face gear drives with a spur pinion,(d) formate-cut spiral bevel gears.Generation of the tooth surface of a worm gear is presented as the formation of a two-branch envelope. The discussed topics are illustrated with examples.
Diabetes forum: Extreme makeover of pancreatic α-cells

Most insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are irreplaceably lost in type 1 diabetes. In a mouse model, pancreatic α-cells seem to sacrifice their identity to replenish the low stock of β-cells1. Two experts discuss what this means for understanding the basic cell biology involved and its relevance to treating diabetes.
A Speed Production Methodology for the Assessment of Perceived Egospeed

Speeding, which is related to both the probability and severity of crashes, often results from drivers underestimating their actual speed. One way to reduce crash risk is to increase the salience of edge rate cues, leading to more accurate perceptions of egospeed which typically result in reduced speeds. The objective of this study was to outline a methodology for assessing perceived egospeed using a speed production task in a driving simulator. Three environmental edge rate conditions were compared while having participants drive at a non-referenced speed, at half of that speed, and then at their original speed once more. The methodology was shown to be an effective way to elicit differences in perceived egospeed and resulting speed performance under different edge rate conditions. Results from this research are expected to assist drivers in making safe speed choices. Language: en
Magnetic susceptibility of the Kagome antiferromagnet ZnCu3(OH)6Cl2.

We analyze the experimental data for the magnetic susceptibility of the material ${\mathrm{ZnCu}}_{3}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_{6}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$ in terms of the Kagome Lattice Heisenberg model (KLHM), discussing possible role of impurity spins, dilution, exchange anisotropy, and both out-of-plane and in-plane Dzyloshinski-Moriya (DM) anisotropies, with explicit theoretical calculations using the numerical linked cluster method and exact diagonalization. The high-temperature experimental data are well described by the pure Heisenberg model with $J=170\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$. We show that the sudden upturn in the susceptibility around $T=75\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$ is due to DM interactions. We also observe that at intermediate temperatures, below $T=J$, our calculated susceptibility for KLHM fits well with a power law ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}0.25}$.
Efficient and scalable single mode waveguide coupling on silicon based substrates

One of the key challenges in Silicon based optical interconnect system remains to be the efficient coupling of optical signals from the submicron size on-chip waveguides to standard single mode (SM) fibers with low insertion loss (IL) and relaxed alignment tolerance. Large optical alignment tolerance allows optical connectors to be attached to on-chip waveguides passively using standard semiconductor pick-and-place assembly tools that have placement accuracies of 10- 15μm. To facilitate the assembly, optical fiber coupling elements need to be modular and compact. They have to also have low profile to avoid blocking air flow or mechanical interference with other elements of the package. In this paper we report the development of a two-dimensional (2D) SM optical fiber coupling architecture that consists of Si based photonic lightwave circuit (PLC) substrate and a high-density micro-lensed fiber optic connector. The system is compact, efficient and has large optical alignment tolerance. At 1300nm an insertion loss of 2.4dB and 1.5dB was measured for the PLC module and the fiber optic connector, respectively. When the PLC module and connector was aligned together, a total insertion loss of 7.8dB was demonstrated with x,y alignment tolerance of 40μm for 1dB optical loss. The SM optical coupling architecture presented here is scalable, alignment tolerant and has the potential to be manufactured in high volume. To our knowledge, such a system has not been reported in the literature so far.
Novelties in Satureia sect. Gardoquia (Labiatae)

A new key is provided to the North American species of sect.Gardoquia; two varieties are recognized in the widespread Mexican speciesS. macrostema; andS. jaliscana, a species associated with barranca-forests in Jalisco, Mexico, is described as new.
Validity and Power of Missing Data Imputation for Extreme Sampling and Terminal Measures Designs in Mediation Analysis

Several authors have acknowledged that testing mediational hypotheses between treatments, genes, physiological measures and behaviors may substantially advance our understanding of how these associations operate. In psychiatric research, the costs of measuring the putative mediator or the outcome can be prohibitive. Extreme sampling designs have been validated as methods for reducing study costs by increasing power per subject measured on the more expensive variable when assessing bivariate relationships. However, there exist concerns about how missing data can potentially bias the results. Additionally, most mediation analysis techniques presuppose the joint measurement of mediators and outcomes for all subjects. There have been limited methodological developments for techniques that can evaluate putative mediators in studies that have employed extreme sampling, resulting in missing data. We demonstrate that extreme (selective) sampling strategies can be beneficial in the context of mediation analyses. Handling the missing data with maximum likelihood (ML) resulted in minimal power loss and unbiased parameter estimates. We must be cautious, though, in recommending the ML approach for extreme sampling designs because it yielded inflated Type 1 error rates under some null conditions. Yet, the use of extreme sampling designs and methods to handle the resultant missing data present a viable research strategy.
Altered Patterns of Sleep and Behavioral Adaptability in NPAS2-Deficient Mice

Animal behavior is synchronized to the 24-hour light:dark (LD) cycle by regulatory programs that produce circadian fluctuations in gene expression throughout the body. In mammals, the transcription factor CLOCK controls circadian oscillation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain; its paralog, neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2), performs a similar function in other forebrain sites. To investigate the role of NPAS2 in behavioral manifestations of circadian rhythm, we studied locomotor activity, sleep patterns, and adaptability to both light- and restricted food-driven entrainment in NPAS2-deficient mice. Our results indicate that NPAS2 plays a substantive role in maintaining circadian behaviors in normal LD and feeding conditions and that NPAS2 is critical for adaptability to food restriction.
Physical medicine and rehabilitation and acute inpatient rehabilitation.

D Postacute medical rehabilitation provides care to people with a disability after a recent hospitalization due to trauma or illness, and has as its main goal functional improvement for these individuals to help them prepare to live as independently as possible. Postacute care (PAC) encompasses a wide range of services offered in different settings, including inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs), outpatient therapy, services provided in the home by home health agencies, long-term care hospitals, and skilled nursing facilities. PAC involves rehabilitation, but the intensity and nature of the rehabilitation provided in these different levels of care vary. The amount and intensity of therapy are determined by the needs of the patient, statutory requirements, and payment policies. A number of factors have led to an increasing demand for postacute rehabilitation services. The value of postacute rehabilitation has been recognized for many years by the public, health care professionals, and insurers, and the health care industry has responded by expanding the volume of services that provide postacute rehabilitation. Although rehabilitation services are provided to patients of all ages, from young children to the elderly, older adults in particular have fueled this increased demand due to the growth in their numbers and because they have a higher incidence of disabling conditions, such as stroke, arthritis, hip fracture, and amputation. Furthermore, the patterns of care in acute hospitals are becoming more complex, and higher acuity patients, with more comorbidities, are increasingly being referred for PAC. Many of these medically complex patients are being admitted into IRFs, and many more who need less intense care are being managed in their homes or skilled nursing facilities.
Chaplain Yes and Chaplain No: Both Are Correct; Neither Is True

This article supports chaplain investment in research activities. These activities should be guided by recognition of the complexity of human experience, integrative theologies and philosophies, and systemic consciousness.
The Error Incurred in Using the Caputo-Derivative Laplace-Transform

This paper considers the initialization of fractional-order differential equations. The initialization responses obtained using the Caputo derivative are compared with the exact initialization responses from the Riemann-Liouville definition of the fractional derivative. The error incurred in using the Caputo derivative for initialization problems in fractionalorder differential equations is presented.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Determination of the translational diffusivity of detergent micelles from the spectrum of scattered light

Abstract Using the method of optical mixing spectroscopy and a laser source, the translational diffusivities of an anionic and a cationic detergent have been derived from the frequency distribution in the scattered light. The results compare well with earlier data obtained by diffusion through a porous disc, except for a somewhat stronger concentration dependence. This discrepancy is attributed to the fact that the evaluation of the experimental results in the case of the porous disc method was done on the assumption that in each individual run the concentration dependence could be ignored. Theoretical arguments are developed to show that the effect of fluctuations in the monomer-micelle equilibrium should be well within the experimental error. Experimentally, no indication for the existence of such an effect was found.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin or Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status 2 Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: ECOG 1599

Purpose Appropriate therapy for Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) -2 patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains challenging. PS-2 patients on ECOG 1594 had a median survival (MS) of only 4.1 months and 1-year overall survival (OS) of 19%. Three percent had grade 5 toxicity. Patients and Methods ECOG 1599, the first PS 2–specific, US cooperative group trial for treatment-naive advanced NSCLC, randomly assigned patients to dose-attenuated carboplatin/paclitaxel (the least toxic regimen in ECOG 1594) or gemcitabine/cisplatin (which yielded an MS of 7.9 months in PS-2 patients). Patients received either carboplatin (area under the concentration-time curve, 6) and paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 every 3 weeks (CbP) or gemcitabine 1 g/m2 days 1 and 8 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 day 1 every 3 weeks (CG). Results One hundred three patients were enrolled; 100 proved eligible. Median age was 66 years; 46% had at least 5% weight loss; 88% had stage IV or recurrent disease. Medi...
SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE RELEASE OF DRUG FROM MEMBRANE COATED SLOW RELEASE TABLETS

AbstractTablets containing sodium salicylate were prepared by direct compression and coated with ethylcellulose and polyethylene glycol 3350. The effect of drug loading, direct compression carrier type, polymer ratio in the coating solution, pH of the dissolution medium, and agitation speed on the drug release were investigated using the USP XXI paddle method. It was observed that direct compression carriers, ratio of ethyl cellulose to polyethylene glycol, the amount of drug present in the tablet, and agitation speed used did not have any influence on the drug release from coated tablets, while the pH of the dissolution medium (gastric vs. intestinal fluids) was found to affect the drug release.
A Tobacco etch virus NW isolate that overcomes pvr1 and pvr12 resistance in Capsicum sp.

Two important sources of Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) resistance were evaluated for their response to inoculation with two isolates of Tobacco etch virus strain NW (TEV-NW, genus Potyvirus). The resistant cultivars were CA4 and Dempsey, which contain the pvr1 and pvr12 resistance genes, respectively. TEV-NW was maintained by mechanical passage in the susceptible pepper cultivar Early Calwonder and Nicotiana tabacum cv. Kentucky 14. In initial experiments, the TEV-NW isolate maintained in Early Calwonder infected two of seven CA4 plants; however, none of the CA4 plants inoculated with the TEV-NW isolate maintained in Kentucky 14 were infected. The infected CA4 plants had low virus titres in non-inoculated leaves and did not develop visible symptoms. When the infected CA4 plants were used as inoculum of additional CA4 plants, all newly inoculated plants became infected, developed systemic symptoms and accumulated virus in non-inoculated leaves more quickly than the originally infected CA4 plants. This new NW isolate, referred to as NW-CA4, was shown to overcome the resistances expressed by both CA4 (pvr1) and Dempsey (pvr12). The potyviral VPg is believed to be the determinant for pvr1 and pvr12 resistance genes, both of which are eIF4E-encoding genes. The VPg amino acid sequence for NW-CA4 was determined and compared with that of NW isolates and different TEV strains. No amino acid variation was identified that explained the infectivity of NW-CA4 in CA4 and Dempsey plants.
Hot electrons and curves of constant gain in long wavelength quantum well lasers.

In long wavelength quantum well lasers the effective electron temperature (Te) is often a strong function of the pump current and hence the Te correlates with the carrier concentration n in the active region. On the other hand, the material gain g in the active layer depends on both variables, g=g(n,Te). We discuss a convenient way of analyzing this situation, based on considering the contours of constant gain g on the surface g(n,Te). This is qualitatively illustrated with two model examples involving quantum well lasers, the long-wavelength quantum well laser with current dominated by the Auger recombination and the unipolar quantum cascade laser.