cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Defective Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Expression in a Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Line

We studied major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in 12 tumor cell culture lines established from patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In one of these cell culture lines, UOK 123, we found no surface expression of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) and MHC class I by flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence staining using three different monoclonal antibodies to beta 2m revealed no detectable beta 2m in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, cytoplasm, or on the cell surface. There was no evidence of folded class I molecules inside or on the surface of the cells; however, the ER stained intensively for unfolded class I molecules. Transient expression of beta 2m by UOK 123 after infection with a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the gene for beta 2m resulted in normal expression of both beta 2m and class I (HLA-A, B, C) determinants assessed by flow cytometry analysis. No expression of class I or beta 2m was seen with the recombinant vaccinia vector carrying a control gene. The inability of class I molecules to reach the cell surface is due to the requirement of beta 2m for proper folding and presentation of the class I MHC complex. The failure to assemble and express MHC class I complex on the cell surface renders these cells incapable of antigen presentation to cytotoxic T cells and provides a mechanism for escape from immune recognition by the tumor.
Calmodulin, a calmodulin acceptor protein, and calcimedins: Unique antibody localizations in hamster sperm

A calmodulin acceptor protein has been identified in isolated hamster caudal sperm by immunofluoresence and Western transfer techniques. The protein shows a localization in sperm heads identical to calmodulin. Fluorescence of both calmodulin and the acceptor protein are lost by treatment with MgCl2, conditions which release the acrosome. These results are consistent with the proposed function of calmodulin in a sperm function.
The Front Range Windstorm of 11 January 1972 a Meteorological Narrative

(1972). The Front Range Windstorm of 11 January 1972 a Meteorological Narrative. Weatherwise: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 56-63.
The laryngeal mask airway.

Abstract The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is a new concept in airway management. A miniature inflatable mask is positioned in the hypopharynx, forming a low-pressure seal around the laryngeal inlet. The mask is attached via a tube to the breathing circuit. It is inserted after induction of anesthesia without the need for muscle relaxants or laryngoscopy. The LMA can be used to facilitate both spontaneous and controlled ventilation in adults and children. The LMA has been used for a wide variety, of surgical procedures but is probably best suited to short procedures, especially if a light general anesthetic is used in combination with a regional technique. It may be particularly useful in outpatient anesthesia, as it avoids the need for intubation or muscle relaxants. It can be used as an alternative to mask anesthesia or when (in endotracheal tube would have been inserted to allow surgical access. It has been used successfully in cases of difficult or failed intubation, although its role here needs further appraisal. It does not protect against aspiration of stomach contents and should not be used when aspiration is a risk. Controversy exists regarding its use to facilitate positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) due to concern that gases under pressure may be forced into the stomach and predispose the patient to regurgitation. It may be more difficult to use in children. It is now widely used in the United Kingdom; however, it is not yet available for sale in the U.S. It has already had a major effect on practice in Britain and has the potential to do the same in the United States.
From reorganizing to reinventing: sixty years and “we still don’t get it”

Sixty years ago the “Brownlow Committee Report” was written by some of the most prominent members of the emerging field of public administration. Its recommendations had serious consequences for the way both our democratic republic and the field of public administration have evolved. In developing principles in which to anchor the recommendations, Luther Gulick, who was both the intellectual and political force behind the committee, contributed to a confusion of the concepts of organizations and the polity and those of management and governance. Some of the story of how the concepts promoted by Gulick and the Papers on the Science of Administration led to a misconception, which became public administration's living legacy is told in this article. We then discuss the Brownlow Committee Report as something which changed: our very conception of the Constitution; Gulick's rationale for cooperation with Franklin D. Roosevelt; the Report as a misplacement of organizational concepts upon a polity; the dimensions...
Scales and Tales: Older Women's Difficulty With Daily Tasks

Objectives Part of a 3-year study of the home care experience among 25 older women (aged 80-96), this research aimed to describe how the women understood difficulty relative to 20 basic and instrumental activity of daily living tasks. Methods This was a qualitative study with a quantitative component. During open-ended interviews about living alone with help, participants rated difficulty with tasks on a 1-to-5 scale and talked about difficulty relative to tasks. I estimated concordance of the first two ratings and used a descriptive phenomenological method to discern how participants understood difficulty. Results Concordance was satisfactory for all tasks other than climbing stairs. Six elements of the life-world of older women were descriptive of difficulty relative to tasks, including pinpointing my biggest/hardest job and having difficulty rating difficulty. Whether reporting difficulty or not, some women spoke of taking extra time, extra effort, or both. Discussion The findings suggest a counterview to functional limitation models. Difficulty was posed as a theoretical construct, and the concept of subliminal difficulty was introduced. Various facets of difficulty warrant further descriptive work. Incorporating an opportunity to talk about difficulty, as well as to rate it, would be valuable in large-scale studies.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of fully synthetic bryostatin analogues

Abstract The first members of a new class of designed bryostatin analogues are synthesized using a novel, convergent macrotransacetalization strategy. These simplified analogues, lacking the A-ring of bryostatin 1 and possessing a simplified B-ring, exhibit significant protein kinase C binding affinities and growth inhibitory activities against several human cancer cell lines.
Predictors of long intensive care unit stay following cardiac surgery in children.

Objective: Prolonged length of stay in intensive care units after congenital heart disease surgery is associated with poor outcome, places a considerable burden on the financial resources of hospitals, and is an organizational challenge as well. This research discusses the impact of perioperative factors on prolonged stay in intensive care units. Methods: This is a retrospective study examining the determinants of prolonged intensive care length of stay in 693 children after cardiac surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for an intensive care unit stay over 3 and over 14 days. Results: Neonatal age, preoperative mechanical ventilation and preoperative myocardial dysfunction, complexity and duration of procedures, as well as postoperative complications (low cardiac output syndrome, bleeding, re-operation, acute kidney injury, sepsis, respiratory insufficiency, pulmonary hypertension, pneumothorax, postoperative cardiac arrest, pneumonia, and delayed sternum closure) prolong intensive care unit hospitalization over 3 days. Patients with acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy, pneumothorax, pulmonary hypertension, need for re-operation during the same admission, and myocardial dysfunction prior to surgery are at high risk of intensive care unit stay over 14 days. Conclusions: Some patients with a risk of prolonged hospitalization may be identified preoperatively, the others just after the operation. Optimizing preoperative status and aggressive treatment of complications may have significant influence on the duration of hospitalization in intensive care units. The knowledge of risk factors may facilitate organizational procedures and rational bed management. # 2010 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
EFFECTS OF VARYING PROTEIN INTAKE ON RENAL FUNCTION IN PREMATURE INFANTS

Ingestion of an acute protein load by a normal adult has been shown to increase Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) by 20-30%,while in the patient with diabetic nephropathy GFR decreases with protein loading. It has been hypothesized that the kidneys of a newborn behave in a similar fashion to those of diabetic patients.
Radioimmunoassay of arginine vasopressin in urine: development and application.

A sensitive and specific RIA system for measurement of urinary arginine vasopressin (AVP) was developed. RIA sensitivity was 0.4 μU/ml (∼0.8 pg/ml). Urine samples were extracted using columns of octadecasilyl-silica. The mean (±sem) recovery of AVP after extraction (77.7 ± 1.4%) was independent of urinary osmolality. The extracted immunologically active material migrated similarly to synthetic AVP on high pressure liquid chromatography. AVP immunoreactivity was found to be stable in urine stored for 24 h at room temperature and stable for 3 months when acidified promptly and stored at −20 C. Using the RIA system, we measured urinary AVP excretion as a percentage of total body AVP clearance. For this study, AVP (3.7 μU/min·kg) was infused iv into four healthy nonsmoking adults in whom endogenous AVP was suppressed by oral water loading. The mean urinary AVP excretion rate was 14.7 ± 2.1%. There was a highly significant positive correlation between log urinary AVP concentration and urinary osmolality (r = 0...
Correlation of Thallium Uptake With Left Ventricular Wall Thickness by Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Acute and Healed Myocardial Infarcts

Abstract Myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by cellular necrosis which undergoes fibrotic transformation over time. Cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers high-resolution 3-dimensional images of the left ventricular myocardium, allowing sampling of the myocardial wall thickness over the entire left ventricle. Tomographic (single-photon emission computed tomography [SPECT]) thallium images also provide 3-dimensional information on the location and level of thallium uptake, which has been shown to correlate with myocardial viability. The purposes of this study were: (1) to examine the relation between both end-diastolic and end-systolic wall thickness and normalized thallium-201 uptake over the left ventricle in a group of patients with MI, (2) to examine the relation between regional wall thickening and normalized thallium uptake, and (3) to examine the relation between thallium uptake and wall thickness both early and late after infarction. Twenty-four patients with MI underwent stress, redistribution, and reinjection thallium SPECT imaging and cine MRI within several days. Seventeen patients underwent imaging late after infarction and 7 underwent imaging early after infarction. Normalized thallium activity was correlated with MRI wall thicknesses at both end-diastole and end-systole for 18 segments for each ventricle. In addition, end-diastolic and end-systolic wall thicknesses were grouped by their corresponding thallium activity levels into percentiles. End-systolic wall thickness correlated significantly with normalized thallium uptake in 14 of 18 segments, end-diastolic wall thickness in only 4 of 18 segments, and wall thickening in only 3 of 18 segments. Mean values for end-diastolic and end-systolic wall thicknesses corresponding to severely reduced (
Transmission of Information: An Overview.

This article starts by discussing the basic principles of, and fundamental limitations encountered in, the transmission of information. A review of different types of networks is presented next, followed by a discussion of two relatively recent transmission media, satellites and optical fibers, that are increasingly being used to implement the networks.
On the Role of Feedforward in Gaussian Sources: Point-to-Point Source Coding and Multiple Description Source Coding

Source coding with noiseless feedforward deals with efficient quantization of information sources into indexes, where to reconstruct a source sample, the decoder in addition to this index, has access to all the previous noiseless source samples. This problem may find applications in sensor networks, economics, and control theory. In the first part of this paper, we consider a deterministic block coding scheme for independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian sources. We show that this scheme is asymptotically optimal in terms of its rate-distortion function and the error exponent. In the second part of this paper we consider two-channel multiple description source coding with noiseless feedforward. We consider i.i.d. Gaussian sources and obtain the optimal rate-distortion region. The key result is that there is no penalty to be paid for constraining the descriptions to be mutually refineable. That is when one of the channels is active, the decoder which operates on one of the descriptions achieves the optimal rate-distortion function, and when both channels are active, the joint decoder still attains the optimal rate-distortion function. This implies that for memoryless sources with additive distortion measures, in the case of multiple description source coding, noiseless feedforward provides significant improvements in performance. We then evaluate the optimal multiple description source coding error exponents for the symmetric case
Integrative Systems Models of Cardiac Excitation Contraction Coupling

Excitation–contraction coupling in the cardiac myocyte is mediated by a number of highly integrated mechanisms of intracellular Ca2+ transport. The complexity and integrative nature of heart cell electrophysiology and Ca2+ cycling has led to an evolution of computational models that have played a crucial role in shaping our understanding of heart function. An important emerging theme in systems biology is that the detailed nature of local signaling events, such as those that occur in the cardiac dyad, have important consequences at higher biological scales. Multiscale modeling techniques have revealed many mechanistic links between microscale events, such as Ca2+ binding to a channel protein, and macroscale phenomena, such as excitation–contraction coupling gain. Here, we review experimentally based multiscale computational models of excitation–contraction coupling and the insights that have been gained through their application.
Integration of multiple feature groups and multiple views into a 3D object recognition system

Proposes two approaches for utilizing multiple-feature group (triples) and multiple-view information to reduce the number of hypotheses passed to the verification stage in an invariant feature indexing (IFI)-based object recognition system. The first approach is based on a majority voting scheme that keeps track of the number of consistent votes cast by prototype hypotheses for particular object models. The second approach examines the consistency of estimated object pose from multiple scene-triples of a single view or multiple views. Monte Carlo experiments employing 500 single-view synthetic range images and 195 pairs of synthetic range images with a large CAD-based 3D object database show that a significant number of hypotheses can be eliminated by using these approaches. The proposed approaches have also been tested on real range images of several objects. A salient feature of this system and experiment design compared to most existing 3D object recognition systems is the use of a large object data base and a large number of test images. >
What is a light source

Traditional light source modelling is concerned with specific types of light sources, the two most common of which are point sources and daylight. Little attempt has been made, however, to relate different types of sources to each other. For example, how may the lighting from an overcast sky be compared to that from a lamp? Having a theoretical framework to compare different types of light sources is important for computer vision, in particular for understanding shading and shadow cues. A vision system needs to take account of the light source in order to interpret these cues. In this paper, we present a framework for comparing types of light sources which is based on a dimensional analysis of the set of light rays in a free space. Specifically, we introduce a 4-D light source hypercube in which the different types of sources may be embedded and compared. We also present a novel definition for light sources which generalizes the standard definition of a source as an emitter.
THE FAILURE OF CONDESCENSION

H OW DID IT COME TO THIS ? How did the precious coin of the sovereign become the twaddle of misguided preachers? Where did condescension go wrong?
The motion of a Lorentz electron in a circular polarized wave

Abstract The average motion of a Lorentz electron in a circular polarized wave is not oscillating around its initial rest position, but moving simultaneously parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation. Other interesting consequences are also discussed.
Emeraldine Base Thin Film Carbon Dioxide Sensor

A thin film of emeraldine base polyaniline in NMP was cast on an interdigitated electrode and its conductivity investigated by impedance spectroscopy. The thin film responded to carbonic acid solutions of various pHs lower than 5. In general, an emeraldine base (EB) to emeraldine salt (ES) transformation occurs by protonation when the pH is less than 4. In the present case, the stages that occur prior to the onset of changes in total conductivity are detected by impedance spectroscopy. The sensor output was stable and reversible over a period of 3 months of testing.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated leukemia cutis presenting as acne rosacea.

B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is an indolent lymphoproliferative disorder of mature monoclonal B cells. It is characterized by the progressive accumulation of functionally immune-inco...
Amino acid substitutions at the subunit interface of dimeric Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase cause reduced structural stability

The consequences of amino acid substitutions at the dimer interface for the strength of the interactions between the monomers and for the catalytic function of the dimeric enzyme alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli have been investigated. The altered enzymes R10A, R10K, R24A, R24K, T59A, and R10A/R24A, which have amino acid substitutions at the dimer interface, were characterized using kinetic assays, ultracentrifugation, and transverse urea gradient gel electrophoresis. The kinetic data for the wild-type and altered alkaline phosphatases show comparable catalytic behavior with k(cat) values between 51.3 and 69.5 s(-1) and Km values between 14.8 and 26.3 microM. The ultracentrifugation profiles indicate that the wild-type enzyme is more stable than all the interface-modified enzymes. The wild-type enzyme is dimeric in the pH range of pH 4.0 and above, and disassembled at pH 3.5 and below. All the interface-modified enzymes, however, are apparently monomeric at pH 4.0, begin assembly at pH 5.0, and are not fully assembled into the dimeric form until pH 6.0. The results from transverse urea gradient gel electrophoresis show clear and reproducible differences both in the position and the shape of the unfolding patterns; all these modified enzymes are more sensitive to the denaturant and begin to unfold at urea concentrations between 1.0 and 1.5 M; the wild-type enzyme remains in the folded high mobility form beyond 2.5 M urea. Alkaline phosphatase H370A, modified at the active site and not at the dimer interface, resembles the wild-type enzyme both in ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis studies. The results obtained suggest that substitution of a single amino acid at the interface sacrifices not only the integrity of the assembled dimer, but also the stability of the monomer fold, even though the activity of the enzyme at optimal pH remains unaffected and does not appear to depend on interface stability.
Asymmetric nuclear magnetic resonance line shapes due to nuclear quadrupole and anisotropic shift interactions

Abstract The symmetry of the central component of a poly crystalline NMR line shape caused by nuclear quadrupole and anisotropic magnetic interactions has been examined theoretically. The asymmetry of the line shape is measured as the difference in the distances from the peaks of the first derivative to the center of the line. This asymmetry is found to vary as the square of the quadrupole coupling constant and inversely as the NMR frequency for the quadrupole interaction. For the anisotropic magnetic interaction the asymmetry varies as the cube of the frequency. The results of the calculations are discussed with respect to conditions and applications.
Low temperature crystallographic and magnetic study of LaCoO3

Abstract The structural and magnetic properties of LaCoO3 between 300 and 4·2°K are studied. Previous investigators have usually reported the existence of a local maximum in the susceptibility at 90°K in this material, but a recent single crystal study by Naiman and coworkers indicated no such phenomenon. We find that the magnetic properties in chemically pure materials are strongly dependent on the method of preparation. Thus we have been able to obtain samples exhibiting a susceptibility maximum, and then remove it by additional regrinding and renring. Samples both with and without a susceptibility maximum were studied using neutron diffraction. Our results indicate that both sample types have R 3c symmetry at room temperature and below. In addition, neither type exhibits any long-range bulk magnetic order at 4·2°K. This result is in accord with that of Koehler and Wollan. Both sample types were studied with a vibrating-coil magnetometer. An anomalously rapid increase of magnetic moment with decreasing temperature was observed below 40°K in a field of 10 kOe. The presence of a small ferromagnetic component was established by the presence of hysteresis at 4·2°K, a trace of this hysteresis remaining at 77δK. The magnetic moment, as measured in 200 Oe, was found to decrease gradually with increasing temperature above 4·2°K. The absence of any abrupt drop indicates the remanent moment to be due to isolated regions of a magnetic phase dispersed in a non-magnetic matrix. We conclude that variations in the size and number of these regions are the cause of the discrepancies between observed magnetic properties of different samples of LaCoO3, that they are virtually unavoidable because of near-degeneracy with the bulk diamagnetic phase, and that their presence precludes definitive measurement of the low-temperature susceptibility of LaCoO3.
A unified macro CAD system

In order to succeed in the ASIC business, time to market for a new product is a high priority. To increase productivity and to decrease human error, a macro CAD system has been developed. The system is an integrated piece of software that consists of eight separate modules operating under a run-time system controller. A test vector set representing all possible input patterns is generated and simulated from both digital and analog standpoints. The results are compared to verify logic functionality and then used to extract critical timing parameters. >
RAFT191486: a novel program for rapid-fire test and diagnosis of digital logic for marginal delays and delay faults

The problem of delay fault-testing and detection of chips with marginal performance has become even more critical than before due to advancing clock speeds. In this paper, a methodology for detection of marginal digital circuits and diagnosis of gate delay failures is developed. A new test application methodology is proposed in which test vectors may be applied to digital combinational circuits at intervals smaller than the critical path delay of the circuit and signal waveform analysis is used to interpret the test results. The resulting tests are called RApid Fire Tests (for RAFT) and allow classification of circuits from “good” to “bad” along a continuous scale.
HEREDITARY BEHAVIOR VARIATION IN OVIPOSITION PATTERNS IN THE PARASITE NASONIA VITRIPENNIS (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE)

Two strains of the pupal ectoparasite Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) originally derived from a single laboratory strain exhibited differences in the proportion of adjacent hosts attacked by the parasite following 65 weeks (approximately 32 generations) in experimental parasite–host systems. Strain I parasitized a greater number of adjacent hosts (19.9%) than strain II in the first generation after removal from the multi-cell system. The difference between the two strains and the laboratory strain decreased from the first to the fourth generation indicating a reversion toward a behavior pattern more akin to that of the laboratory strain.
Performance evaluation of wireless networks

In this paper, we identify the various effects on radio signal strength due to the change in antenna height, elevation change, and the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. We use OPNET TMM (Terrain Modeling Module) to characterize the channel of the wireless communications using Free Space propagation model and Longley-Rice propagation model. The first contribution of the paper is to simulate radio signals being distributed over the varying terrain to see the changes in the signal strength. These signal strength are observed as the receiver is moved over a simulated path that goes through many elevation changes. The second contribution of this paper is to simulate the RTS/CTS mechanism to evaluate the performance of IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. We have concluded our findings by analyzing the different network statistics such as data traffic sent/received, WLANDelay, network throughput.
Gas‐liquid mass transfer in cocurrent froth flow

The absorption of ammonia and oxygen in horizontal cocurrent gas-liquid froth flow in a 1-in. I.D. pipe has been investigated. At superficial liquid rates between 2 × 106 and 3.2 × 106 lb./(hr.)(sq.ft.) and superficial gas rates between 5 × 103 and 18 × 103 lb./(hr.)(sq.ft.), the length of a transfer unit in both systems was between 0.5 and 4.0 ft. The effects of distance and temperature were also investigated. With the use of James and Silberman's data on bubble size and distribution in froth flow to estimate average bubble sizes, the gas-phase-controlled ammonia absorption data could be explained by the model of unsteady state transfer from a stagnant sphere. With the use of an interfacial-area estimate from the ammonia results, the liquid-phase-controlled oxygen absorption data were correlated by a Sherwood number characterizing the transfer from the bubbles, a Reynolds number characterizing the turbulence within the system, and the void fraction.
Ionizing Radiation and TNF-a and Stimulated Expression of a1-Antichymotrypsin Gene in Human Squamous Carcinoma Cells

Alpha-1 antichymotrypsin (ACT), a serine protease inhibitor, has been detected in several epithelial tumor cell types, but its role in response to therapy is not clear. We report here that exposure of primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)-derived cells (PCI-04A) to ionizing radiation (IR) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) resulted in an increased level of ACT mRNA, although the induction patterns were different. IR treatment caused a transient stimulation of ACT mRNA, peaking at 3 h post-irradiation, whereas TNF-alpha-inducible ACT gene expression lasted for up to 24 h. The ACT mRNA was expressed in several epithelial and non-epithelial tumor cell types, and in different normal human tissues. In addition, when the ACT gene expression in PCI-04A cells was compared with the matched (from the same patient) metastatic HNSCC-derived cells (PCI-04B), increased steady-state level of the ACT mRNA was observed in PCI-04B cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that ACT may serve as an important marker for prognosis and therapy selection in HNSCC.
A ceramic planar 77 GHz antenna array

A ceramic antenna array is studied and developed, to manufacture a high performance millimeter wave unit. This antenna array which is made up of new radiating elements and new feeding lines named laminated waveguides, can be manufactured using co-firing ceramic lamination technology. Furthermore, this antenna has high performance at 77 GHz. Using this antenna array, a package with an antenna is easily designed.
Encapsulation of protein in humic acid from a Histosol as an explanation for the occurrence of organic nitrogen in soil and sediment.

Recent work suggests that nitrogen in humic acids exists primarily as amide functional groups that mirror those in protein. However, the mode for the existence of such labile materials as protein still remains unclear. With the combined applications of NMR spectroscopy, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) thermochemolysis, pyrolysis/GC/MS, and elemental analysis, we propose that the survival of proteins in humic acids is carried out by encapsulation into hydrophobic domains of humic acids. To test this hypothesis, we simulated encapsulation of 15N-labeled protein extracts into humic acids and demonstrated that complete hydrolysis of the protein is prevented by the encapsulating humic acid. Results from this study constitute evidence to support the encapsulation mechanism involved in the formation of refractory organic nitrogen during sediment diagenesis.
Diagnósticos opuestos sobre la izquierda latinoamericana contemporánea

The ability of the Latin American electoral left to make substantial progress on the social justice agenda while in office is much disputed. Two significant schools of thought are identified: one generally sympathetic and the other critical. This essay explores this argument with reference to Brazil, El Salvador, and Bolivia. At the heart of the debate is the relationship between social movements and political parties of the left. Should social movements collaborate with political parties of the left? While the critics raise important questions and concerns that are useful to illuminate the limitations of gradualism they do not present a viable strategy forward. The article concludes with the observation that the nature of this collaboration is a worthy subject of serious debate and reform proposals.
Neurotrophic Factor Function During Ear Development: Expression Changes Define Critical Phases for Neuronal Viability

Neuronal interactions have two fundamentally different purposes: the release of synaptic transmitters conveys information between neurons whereas co-released neurotrophic factors support survival of neurons as well as growth and pruning of their processes. Cell death and pruning numerically adjusts source to target populations. The developing inner ear is an ideal model to investigate the function of one particular set of neurotrophic factors, the neurotrophins and their receptors. Only two (out of four) neurotrophic factors and their receptors are crucial for the survival of inner ear neurons during development: either loss of both neurotrophic factors or their two receptors lead to complete embryonic loss of all inner ear afferents. In contrast, loss of only one receptor or one neurotrophin results in characteristic and topographically restricted loss of neurons and altered innervation of sensory epithelia. For example, mice genetically engineered to be void of the neurotrophic factor BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) have no innervation of canal cristae and reduced density of innervation of the apex of the cochlea. In contrast, mouse mutants without the neurotrophic factor NT-3 (neurotrophin 3) show loss of spiral ganglion neurons in the basal turn of the cochlea with no obvious effect on vestibular innervation density. Further, mice genetically engineered to misexpress one neurotrophin under the promoter of the other show that in the cochlea, but not in the vestibular system, one ligand can be replaced by the other ligand. The data on the effects of embryonic loss of neurotrophins fit closely to the original neurotrophic theory, demonstrating a simple quantitative relationship of level and place of neurotrophin expression on the viability of neurons and retention of their processes. In contrast, the rich variation of ratios of afferents to hair cells in the ear is not easily reconcilable with the basic assumption of the neurotrophic theory, namely that neurotrophins regulate numerical matching of innervation proportions.
Harmful Algal Bloom–Associated Illness Surveillance: Lessons From Reported Hospital Visits in New York, 2008–2014

We identified hospital visits with reported exposure to harmful algal blooms, an emerging public health concern because of toxicity and increased incidence. We used the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Disease (ICD) medical code specifying environmental exposure to harmful algal blooms to extract hospital visit records in New York State from 2008 to 2014. Using the ICD code, we identified 228 hospital visits with reported exposure to harmful algal blooms. They occurred all year long and had multiple principal diagnoses. Of all hospital visits, 94.7% were managed in the emergency department and 5.3% were hospitalizations. As harmful algal bloom surveillance increases, the ICD code will be a beneficial tool to public health only if used properly.
Cortical activity during perception of musical pitch: Comparing musicians and nonmusicians

This study investigates the effects of music training on brain activity to violations of melodic expectancies. We recorded behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) responses of musicians and nonmusicians to discrepancies of pitch between pairs of unfamiliar melodies based on Western classical rules. Musicians detected pitch deviations significantly better than nonmusicians. In musicians compared to nonmusicians, auditory cortical potentials to notes but not unrelated warning tones exhibited enhanced P200 amplitude generally, and in response to pitch deviations enhanced amplitude for N150 and P300 (P3a) but not N100 was observed. P3a latency was shorter in musicians compared to nonmusicians. Both the behavioral and cortical activity differences observed between musicians and nonmusicians in response to deviant notes were significant with stimulation of the right but not the left ear, suggesting that left-sided brain activity differentiated musicians from nonmusicians. The enhanced amplitude of N150 among musicians with right ear stimulation was positively correlated with earlier age onset of music training. Our data support the notion that long-term music training in musicians leads to functional reorganization of auditory brain systems, and that these effects are potentiated by early age onset of training.
Pre- and In-Service Teachers’ Perceptions of Learning through Research Workshops in a Hispanic-Serving Institution in USA: A Review of Two Years’ Accumulative Data

The purpose of the study was to report the analysis results of two-year accumulative data from Research Academy workshops held for pre-service and in-service teachers in a southern state Hispanic-Serving Institution. Graduate students’ perceptions of learning through these professional development workshops were reported. Statistical analyses were performed. The study found consistent and significant gains of participants’ confidence in educational research skills and knowledge. Future directions, limitations, and implications were discussed.
Sources of Supplementary Materials for Health Instruction

(1941). Sources of Supplementary Materials for Health Instruction. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 266-277.
シンポジウム11―Keynote Lecture 神経内科医のリクルートに繋げる未来への提言 Attracting the best and brightest to careers in neurology

Widespread interest in the neurosciences has led to the development of undergraduate college majors in neuroscience so that many students entering medical school are very interested in a career in our field. Exposure to clinical neurology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (PennMed) begins with observation of real patients in the 1 year coupled with the course “ Introduction to Neurosciences”. In their 2 year the neurological examination is taught by neurology faculty, preparing students for an intensive clerkship in their 3 rd year. More advanced clinical courses are available, and some students pursue a combined MD PhD before applying for residency training. Approximately 5 or 6 students per year, in a class of 160, apply for neurology residency. Others pursue neurosurgery or psychiatry. The top students apply to the top programs nationally. Our program attracts 225 applicants year from US medical schools, for 7 places, not including Child Neurology. Neurology residency training lasts 4 years, including 1 year of internal medicine. Penn’s residency program is highly structured, as are other top programs, combining inpatient and outpatient responsibilities, and conferences that include all of the neurology subspecialties, neuropathology and neuroradiology. Almost all Penn trainees pursue postresidency clinical subspecialty and or research fellowships, and enter academic departments throughout the US. These factors, in addition to the opportunity to participate in the care of individuals with a wide variety of neurological illnesses under the supervision of nationally and internationally known faculty, lead to recruitment of top students.
Influence of Prior Hauling on Pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida in Turkeys

Abstract Turkeys were hauled in a truck and exposed to Pasteurella multocida in the drinking water. The clinical course of fowl cholera was modified in hauled turkeys as compared to unhauled turkeys by delaying the onset of depression and reducing the severity of the disease. In unhauled turkeys, there was a marked increase in mortality in the first experiment and a marked increase in depression at the end of the second experiment. In both experiments, average cloacal temperature was higher during the first 5 days after inoculation in unhauled than in hauled turkeys. On the day after hauling, plasma corticosterone concentration decreased in both hauled and unhauled turkeys.
REFRACTORY ATRIAL FIBRILLATION SECONDARY TO CONTRAST-INDUCED THYROID STORM IN A PATIENT WITH AMIODARONE-INDUCED HYPERTHYROIDISM

Atrial fibrillation secondary to thyroid storm is often refractory to rate control. It is known that conversion to sinus rhythm may be difficult until thyroid storm has resolved. It is rare that thyroidectomy is required for these patients as in our case. A 52-year-old female presented with a two
How Business Students and Faculty Quantify Probability Expressions: An Informal Look

To acquire some understanding as to the quantitative equivalents business faculty and students associate with qualitative expressions concerning the probability of the attainment of a course grade, an informal inquiry was conducted at a large college in the Northeast. For a set of given terms, the findings suggest that students appear to display a wider variation in their perception than do faculty, with the groups generally exhibiting differing interpretations as to what is really being said when grade probabilities are discussed qualitatively.
Malacoplakia of the lung : A review

Malacoplakia of the lung is a very rare condition that occurs in immunocompromised patients who present with non-specific pulmonary infiltrates. A 6-year-old girl who presented to HSC with a pulmonary infiltrate, subsequently diagnosed as malacoplakia, prompted us to review the literature to delineate more clearly the clinicopathologicai features of this entity. Five further patients were found ranging in age from 42-61 years. The bulk were debilitated with presenting features of fever, cough, haemoptysis, anorexia, weight loss, and dysphagia. Only 1 patient was asymptomatic. Two patients had received organ transplants, 2 had haematopoietic malignancies, I was an alcoholic and 1 had widely disseminated malacoplakia involving other organs. The clinical diagnosis was malignancy (2), infection (2), and possible infection or malignancy in 1 case. The diagnosis of pulmonary involvement was made on aspirate or biopsy (4) and at autopsy (2). All cases showed infiltrates characterised by aggregates of granular, inclusion-containing histiocytes with characteristic Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Pathogenic bacteria were grown in cultures from the lungs in 5 patients. Successful treatment in 2 patients who were alive and free of disease within 3 months of diagnosis resulted either from broad spectrum antibiotic administration or from reduction in immunosuppressive medication dosage. The clinicopathologic features of these patients are reviewed in detail to draw attention to this highly unusual lesion which has different prognostic implications and therapeutic requirements from the more common pulmonary infiltrates and space occupying lesions that are being encountered more frequently by pathologists in immuno-compromised patients.
Testing research on overvoltage waveshape measurements using capacitor element C_3 in series connection within 500kV CVT

To validate a novel voltage-divider based on the capacitive voltage transformer(CVT) to measure overvoltage waveshape for power system,an element C3 in series connection with high-voltage capacitance C1 and media-voltage capacitance C2 as the low voltage part of sensor(LVPS) is used.A CVT of 500kV level provided by Nissin Electric Wuxi CO.,LTD was modified within a element C3 of 54μF in series connection.Lots of tests with ac simulation overvoltage,switch impulse and lightning impulse are done respectively to the modified CVT.Voltage waveshapes from the element C3 with digital sampling are analyzed in both time and frequency domains,and the stabilization of the voltage division ratio is also verified.The results of tests and data analysis show that the voltage waveshapes from the element C3 developed in series connection within CVT have a good characteristic with stable waveshape parameters,no overshoot and oscillation,and the relative deviation is lower than 1%.It is feasible to be used in overvoltage waveshape measurements of power system with ultra-high voltage level.
THE BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE FOREIGN PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGISTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT TO CHINA

As the China's economy develops,the commercial geological work is becoming more and more important.Especially,since the policy of fully utilizing the both domestic and international markets and resources has been advocated,a lot of Chinese geologists entered the international geological and economic field.According to these circumstances,this paper gives the brief introduction on the foreign professional geologists management system and the professional geologists' role in the capital market of the mainly foreign developed country.The paper also gives the brief summary on their mechanism characteristics,and explained the importance of the reform of the Chinese geologists management system which is critical to the safe and healthy geological market.Inspired by the foreign independent professional geologists management mechanism,the paper analyses the shortage of the Chinese existing geologists management in the commercial geological work,gives the suggestions on how to design and establish the mechanism of the certified Chinese professional geologists.
Dex-Net 1.0: A cloud-based network of 3D objects for robust grasp planning using a Multi-Armed Bandit model with correlated rewards

This paper presents the Dexterity Network (Dex-Net) 1.0, a dataset of 3D object models and a sampling-based planning algorithm to explore how Cloud Robotics can be used for robust grasp planning. The algorithm uses a Multi- Armed Bandit model with correlated rewards to leverage prior grasps and 3D object models in a growing dataset that currently includes over 10,000 unique 3D object models and 2.5 million parallel-jaw grasps. Each grasp includes an estimate of the probability of force closure under uncertainty in object and gripper pose and friction. Dex-Net 1.0 uses Multi-View Convolutional Neural Networks (MV-CNNs), a new deep learning method for 3D object classification, to provide a similarity metric between objects, and the Google Cloud Platform to simultaneously run up to 1,500 virtual cores, reducing experiment runtime by up to three orders of magnitude. Experiments suggest that correlated bandit techniques can use a cloud-based network of object models to significantly reduce the number of samples required for robust grasp planning. We report on system sensitivity to variations in similarity metrics and in uncertainty in pose and friction. Code and updated information is available at http://berkeleyautomation.github.io/dex-net/.
Gaucher's disease.

Summary Gaucher's disease is a familial disorder in which glucocerebrosides accumulate in reticuloendothelial cells. The enlargement and proliferation of these Gaucher cells account for the hepatosplenomegaly and bone lesions seen in these patients. Nonspecific bone pain and pseudo-osteomyelitis (or bone crisis) frequently occur in young patients. The hip is the usual site of pain and the orthopedic disability in Gaucher's disease. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head presents a difficult management problem in both adults and children. Conventional total hip arthroplasty is currently recommended for adults with symptomatic avascular necrosis, pathologic fracture, or failed hemiarthroplasty. The risk of loosening of prosthetic components at the bone-cement interface is probably greater in patients with Gaucher's disease.
Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State: VIOLENCE AND TIDES OF NATIONALISM

So great was the confusion of those years; so difficult was it at the moment when “humanity” was being re-evaluated, to determine the place madness was to occupy within it; so difficult was it to situate madness in a social sphere that was being restructured. Michel Foucault, Madness and Civilization Nationalism in and of itself is neither a social good nor a social evil. Rather, our moral judgments concerning nationalism emerge from what agents do in the name of the nation. Nationalism thus cannot be understood as only a “state of mind” or “political principle.” It is also a way of comporting oneself, a motivated collection of actions and discourses, and, in the totality of acts that it involves, a repertoire of behaviors oriented toward a specific set of objects. Within this repertoire of nationalist behaviors, violence assumes a special place. Violence has been visibly prominent in the history of nationalism since its inception in the revolutions of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It remains pronounced as well in the “ethnic cleansing” and civil wars which continue to rack portions of the planet. Most generic theories of nationalism have had little to say about the relationship between nationalism and violence. They have been much more interested in issues of identity than in what is done in the name of the nation (as if action flowed logically from holding a particular identity position). This has not inhibited the growth of a large cottage industry focused on explaining nationalist violence.