cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elution of High Dose Amphotericin B Deoxycholate From Polymethylmethacrylate

Fungal periprosthetic joint infections are rare, devastating complications of arthroplasty. There is conflicting evidence as to the efficacy of amphotericin B elution from cement spacers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether concentrations of amphotericin B released from bone cement over time would be efficacious in treating a periprosthetic infection. A continuous flow chamber was used to evaluate the in vitro release of amphotericin from cement beads containing 7.5% amphotericin. Following polymerization, 3.3% of the initially loaded amphotericin B was detected. The peak mean concentration eluted from the bone cement was 0.33 μg/mL at 8 hours. The AUC0-24 was 2.79 μg/mL/h; 0.20% of the amphotericin B was released. In conclusion, amphotericin B is released from bone cement at a clinically useful concentration.
SE(c)(3): A Catalyst for Social Enterprise Crowdfunding

The emerging consensus among scholars rejects the notion of tax breaks for social enterprises, concluding that such prizes will attract strategic claimants, ultimately doing more harm than good. The SE(c)(3) regime proposed by this Article offers entrepreneurs and investors committed to combining financial returns and social good with a means of broadcasting that shared resolve. Combining a measured tax benefit for mission-driven activities with a heightened burden on shareholder financial gains, the revenue-neutral SE(c)(3) regime would provide investors and funding platforms with a low-cost means of screening out “greenwashed” ventures.
Chapter 6 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NADH dehydrogenase of the respiratory chain). NADH-ubiquinone reductase is recognized as the most complex mitochondria1 enzyme. Reviews during the past decade have focused on selected aspects, such as its structure, its iron-sulfur clusters, and the molecular biology of the enzyme. As the resolution of questions, concerning the enzyme often hinges on information derived from all these disciplines, as well as from the catalytic properties of the enzyme, this chapter reviews attempt to synthesize available information from a variety of sources. The first purified preparation derived from the respiratory chain-linked NADH dehydrogenase was the “DPNH-cytochrome c reductase” of Mahler et al. It was soon recognized to be a fragment of the intact enzyme, devoid of its iron-sulfur clusters, with greatly altered catalytic properties, it retained the ability to oxidize NADH, albeit with oxidants which do not react with the native enzyme. Nevertheless, this was a significant advance as this fragment of three subunits was water-soluble, could be purified by classical procedures, and, much later served to identify the substrate and flavin binding subunits in other sources.
Granulomatous angiitis masquerading as a mass lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging and stereotactic biopsy findings in a patient with occult Hodgkin's disease.

Abstract Granulomatous angiitis is a frequently fatal central nervous system vasculitis of unknown pathogenesis sporadically associated with Hodgkin's disease, mixed cellularity type. We describe a 58-year-old woman presenting with headaches, progressive spastic paraparesis, equivocal computed tomography findings, and magnetic resonance imaging findings of increased signal intensity biparietally on T2-weighted imaging in a relatively discrete pattern. Magnetic resonance imaging-directed serial stereotactic biopsies revealed granulomatous angiitis throughout the right parieto-occipital region and splenium. Simultaneous biopsy of an enlarged submandibular mass revealed Hodgkin's disease, lymphocyte-predominant type. This case shows that granulomatous angiitis may be associated with magnetic resonance imaging findings suggesting a mass lesion in lymphoctye-predominant as well as mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease.
Alcohol and Drug Use Among Postoperative Bariatric Patients: A Systematic Review of the Emerging Research and Its Implications

Background Emerging research suggests that some bariatric surgery patients are at a heightened risk for developing substance use problems, especially alcohol use problems. Methods An exhaustive literature review was conducted in January 2015 to investigate all articles published that included data on postoperative alcohol use, alcohol use disorders, and illicit drug use among bariatric surgery patients. Results Twenty-three studies reported on alcohol and/or substance use among bariatric patients. Six studies longitudinally assessed alcohol use behaviors; 3 of these studies found an increase in alcohol use following surgery. Six studies were cross-sectional, and 2 studies assessed medical records. Five studies investigated the prevalence of admissions to substance abuse treatment, and 3 studies combined alcohol and drug use data in a single index. Six studies reported on illicit drug use and reported low-postoperative use. The studies' samples were primarily non-Hispanic white females in their upper 40s, and only 11 of the 23 studies utilized validated assessment instruments. Conclusions Studies employing longitudinal designs and large sample sizes indicate that bariatric patients who had the gastric bypass procedure are at an elevated risk for alcohol use problems postoperatively. Research also indicates that bariatric surgery patients might be overrepresented in substance abuse treatment facilities. Risk factors for problematic postoperative alcohol use include regular or problematic alcohol use presurgery, male gender, younger age, tobacco use, and symptoms of attention deficient and hyperactivity disorder. As a whole, however, studies indicate bariatric surgery patients demonstrate a low prevalence of problematic alcohol use, and studies about gastric bypass patients are not entirely conclusive. Prospective, longitudinal studies are needed, utilizing standardized and validated alcohol assessment instruments that follow postoperative bariatric patients well beyond 2 years, and account for types of bariatric procedure. Finally, study samples with greater racial/ethnic diversity and wider age ranges are needed.
Fast simulation techniques for switching converters

Techniques for simulating a switching converter are examined. The state equations for the equivalent circuits, which represent the switching converter, are presented and explained. The uses of the Newton-Raphson iteration, low ripple approximation, half-cycle symmetry, and discrete time equations to compute the interval durations are described. An example is presented in which these methods are illustrated by applying them to a parallel-loaded resonant inverter with three equivalent circuits for its continuous mode of operation.
Hybrid systems: from verification to falsification

We propose HyDICE, Hybrid DIscrete Continuous Exploration, a multi-layered approach for hybrid-system testing that integrates continuous sampling-based robot motion planning with discrete searching. The discrete search uses the discrete transitions of the hybrid system and coarse-grained decompositions of the continuous state spaces or related projections to guide the motion planner during the search for witness trajectories. Experiments presented in this paper, using a hybrid system inspired by robot motion planning and with nonlinear dynamics associated with each of several thousand modes, provide an initial validation of HyDICE and demonstrate its promise as a hybrid-system testing method. Comparisons to related work show computational speedups of up to two orders of magnitude.
On the effects of deformation induced anisotropy in isotropic materials

SUMMARY Effects of recoverable deformation induced anisotropy in the elastic stiffness of isotropic materials are described. In isotropic materials, thermodynamics predicts coupling of hydrostatic and deviatoric responses. It is shown that the coupling of the two responses is more significant than previously recognized in the literature. Properly accounting for the coupling of hydrostatic and deviatoric responses requires re-evaluating elastic materials characterization data, allowing for the coupled response. The result is an apparent decrease in the pressure sensitivity of the elastic shear modulus. The decrease in the pressure sensitivity of the shear modulus leads to stress paths that are more tangential to the yield surface in stress space, resulting in an increase in predicted elastic strain at each step of an elastic-plastic stress update. Consequently, predicted plastic strains and, in particular, volumetric plastic strains, are smaller than if recoverable deformation induced anisotropy had been neglected. The result is an associated plasticity model which appears to be nonassociated. Copyright c 0000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristic Hostility in Schizophrenic Outpatients

In this study of 133 schizophrenic outpatients, we assessed characteristic hostility and correlates of hostility over a 6-month period. Results showed that 13 percent of the study group were characteristically violent, 18 percent were characteristically threatening, and another 21 percent were irritable and argumentative. About half (48%) were without hostility. A multiple regression model identified six variables--housing instability, hallucinations or delusions, schizoaffective diagnosis, lack of depression, alcohol use, and bizarre behavior--that together accounted for over 50 percent of the variance in observed characteristic hostility. Hostility also predicted rehospitalization and total inpatient days during 1-year followup. Implications of these findings for assessment and future research are discussed.
On the relation between the durability of glass-cloth-base laminates and the results of short-time mechanical bending tests

Abstract The possibility was investigated of applying the Baly criterion for a fast determination of the parameters of the Zhurkov formula as applied to glass-cloth-base laminates in the bending test at constant rate of strain. The possibility of applying the Zhurkov formula to glass-cloth-base laminates was confirmed by means of dispersion and regression analysis of experimental data. Respecting the Baly criterion, all parameters of the Zhurkov equations cannot be determined. Data satisfactory in terms of an express method were only obtained in the determination of the structure-sensitive factor. The values of the pre-exponential factor and of the activation energy of the fracture process are in agreement with the kinetic strength theory and may be accepted a priori . The possibility of evaluating the structure-sensitive factor also from the correlation dependences on the stress-at-break value was proved experimentally.
Historical agriculture and contemporary fire frequency alter soil properties in longleaf pine woodlands

Abstract Historical agriculture and contemporary disturbances such as fire can each affect soil properties, but the relative impact of their separate and combined effects is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of historical agriculture and contemporary fire frequency on soil properties of longleaf pine woodlands in the Southeastern United States. We sampled 24 pairs of sites from adjacent former agricultural and remnant longleaf pine woodlands based on high (⩾ four since 1971) and low (
Death kinetics of yeast in spray drying.

The death kinetics of a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied in an industrial scale spray drier. In solution studies, the death kinetics of yeast was found to be comparable to pathogen destruction. From the studies in drying of yeast a prediction of a 4 log cycle decrease in viable cells of pathogens could be made for normal processing conditions. This should insure the safety of spray-dried foods unless after contamination occurs. It was found that during drying, although the rate of death is high, the activation energy is greatly decreased over that of death in aqueous solution (reduction from 130 kcal/mole to 5 kcal/mole). The reduction in Ea may be attributed to the thermodynamic compensation phenomenon in which the resulting negative entropy of reaction acts to protect the cells through a water–protein interaction. However, the possibility of a change in death mechanism cannot be precluded. Overall, these results suggest the danger in extrapolating death kinetics to high temperature.
Rapid oral loading of extended release divalproex in patients with acute mania.

Abstract Background Oral loading with the delayed release formulation of divalproex sodium is widely used for the treatment of patients with acute mania and produces rapid attainment of therapeutic serum levels. Recently, an extended release formulation of divalproex sodium (divalproex ER) was approved for treatment of migraine headaches. This formulation may be a useful treatment option for patients with acute mania. Method A retrospective review of medical records was conducted on 14 inpatients with acute mania whose treatment included initiation of divalproex ER at a dose of 30 mg kg −1 day −1 in a single dose. Doses, serum levels and side effects associated with this treatment were recorded from the medical records of these patients. Results The average dose of divalproex ER was 2034 mg day −1 (range, 1500–3000 mg day −1 ). Two of the 14 patients (14%) had documented side effects, none of which were severe. The average level obtained on day 3 after initiation of divalproex ER treatment was 93.2 μg ml −1 (range, 47–136 μg ml −1 ), and in all but three patients valproate levels at this time point were within the therapeutic range of 50–125 μg ml −1 . In no case was divalproex ER discontinued due to a perceived lack of efficacy. Conclusion The results suggest that divalproex ER can be safely administered by oral loading in inpatients with acute mania and that using a standard loading protocol can result in therapeutic serum levels in most patients in 3 days or less.
Primary water stress corrosion cracking in alloy 600 and intergranular crack growth rate

The effects of the stress intensity factor and dissolved hydrogen on the crack growth rate in primary water reactor environments was investigated with alloy 600 with continuous carbide films at grain boundaries. A primary water stress corrosion cracking of intergranular fracture mode was observed. The intergranular crack growth rate decreased with a decreasing stress intensity factor, and the dissolved hydrogen content influenced the crack growth rate. Such results are consistent with those reported previously.
Prediction interval analysis is underutilized and can be more helpful than just confidence interval analysis.

Prediction interval analysis (PIA) is a statistical technique that seems to be little known in the anesthesia community and appears infrequently in our literature. I performed a PubMed search and found only three articles in Anesthesiology since 2005, none in 2007 nor 2008 to date, that used prediction intervals. Anecdotally, when queried, I find that it is very rare that a clinical anesthesiologist or researcher is aware of PIA. This letter is intended to bring PIA to wider attention, introduce concepts with a hypothetical example, demonstrate with a published example (in an agreement study) its potential benefits, and to encourage its wider use. Confidence intervals (CI) are well known and commonly used in our literature. Some of the differences between CI and prediction intervals (PI) will be contrasted. When a new test, measurement, or technique is proposed, it is generally compared to a gold standard or another test with which we are experienced. Typically, an analysis is done which compares some measure of the entire new group to the old. Researchers often use confidence intervals (CI) to indicate the margin of error in the estimate of the average difference between the new and old test. [1] A confidence interval is a range that is expected to contain the unknown but true value of some characteristic of a present or past population. The point estimate is a value within the CI that represents the single number best guess of the value of that characteristic. With larger sample sizes, the width of the CI narrows around the point estimate of some characteristic (the average difference is the characteristic used in this letter) of a present or past population. The CI becomes infinitesimally narrow as the sample size approaches infinity. In other words, with a sufficiently large sample size, one can calculate a very narrow range which is expected to contain the true, but unknown, value of that particular population characteristic. Researchers sometimes conclude that if all of the values within the CI of the average difference are close enough to zero, the difference between the old and new is considered to be clinically insignificant and the new test may then be used to replace the old. A clinician, however, is interested in how the new test applies to the next individual patient being cared for. A limitation of the CI is that it reflects the average of the entire group. It provides an estimate of a present or past population characteristic. The CI does not provide usable information about patient-to-patient variability, nor does it forecast the future. If the old test is the gold standard and even if the average difference between the new and old is From the Department of Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, 5501 Old York Road, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Thomas Jefferson School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Metastatic epidermotropic squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina

Epidermotropic carcinomas are neoplasms with an unusual but specific propensity for invading and intimately associating with the epidermis. 1 A unique case of squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina with epidermotropic cutaneous metastases is described.
Earnings mobility of first and "1.5" generation Mexican-origin women and men: a comparison with U.S.-born Mexican-Americans and non-Hispanic whites.

This study addresses the following questions: Are Mexican immigrants closing the earnings gap with greater time in the United States, compared to U.S.-born Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites? What factors are most important in determining their earnings? How are earnings determinants different for women versus men, and those who came to the United States as children, versus those who came as adults and those born in the United States? Data is drawn from the 1990 PUMS U.S. Population Census for Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Michigan, New Mexico, and Texas and includes only individuals ages 25–35. Determinants of education and hours of paid work are also analyzed as important means to higher incomes. With greater time in the United States, male immigrants achieve average earnings comparable to U.S.-born Mexican Americans, but not to non-Hispanic whites, controlling for human capital variables. With greater time in the United States, female immigrants approach the number of hours of paid wo...
Patterns in twelve reproductive parameters for the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus).

Four male and eight female fecundity criteria were statistically analyzed for 343 white-footed mice ( Peromyscus leucopus ) from Monongalia County, West Virginia, to ascertain the duration of the breeding season, peak breeding time, and the seasonal reproductive changes among both sexes in the wild population. From May 1969 through May 1970, the breeding season extended from February through October. Two periods of intensified breed occurred, one in the early spring and one in the late summer. Between the spring and summer breeding periods, male breeding activity decreased and reached a low in June, which was similar to but shorter in duration than the period of low fertility that occurred from October through January. All four parameters examined in males showed virtually identical patterns of change. Peak pregnancies were recorded in April-May and during August. Patterns similar to that of pregnancy were observed in seven of the eight female parameters analyzed, and the reproductive activity of the females was essentially identical to that of males. Breeding activity also decreased in June for females. Both sexes began reproductive activity in February. There was no evidence that the females become reproductively active earlier or later than the males. The decline in breeding activity in June was probably associated with age structure, because of the relationship of testes size to body weight in the May–June “season,” the general decline in body weight in June for both sexes to the low point of the year, and possibly low corpora lutea and implantation counts in June. There was probably no decline in individual reproductive performance per se but young adults entering the population diluted the number of reproducing adults already present.
Cell-free synthesis of pigeon liver fatty acid synthetase.

Abstract Pigeon liver fatty acid synthetase proteins (apo- and holo-forms) have been synthesized in a cell-free system reconstituted from polysomes and a soluble enzyme fraction. Identification of the cell-free synthesized products as fatty acid synthetase was achieved by affinity chromatography, by immuno-precipitation and by the simultaneous conversion of both the authentic carrier protein and the in vitro synthesized products from the holo- to the apo-form of the synthetase. The reverse conversion was also effected.
Seasonal variation of nutrients, organic carbon, ATP, and microbial standing crops in a vertical profile of Pyramid Lake, Nevada

Previous studies of Pyramid Lake, Nevada, led to the hypothesis that detritus could be an important food source for zooplankton because abundance of palatable algal species did not seem to be enough to support the zooplankton community throughout the year. Furthermore, a large portion of the annual primary productivity was attributed to a nonpalatable blue-green alga, Nodularia spumigena. We felt this alga became important to the Pyramid Lake aquatic community upon death, as edible detritus and a source of new nitrogen. Changes in pelagic detritus concentrations and microbial standing crops were monitored to determine the availability of these potential foods. Epilimnetic particulate organic carbon (POC) was primarily living phytoplankton. During holomixis and following spring primary production, hypolimnetic POC was 60–97% detrital, but these profundal POC concentrations were low (ca 650 µg l-1). Detritus-bacteria aggregates were observed only following the September cyanophyte bloom.
Bottom Electrodes for High Dielectric Oxide Compounds: Effects on Crystallization of Lead Containing Ferroelectrics

Several conductive structures, which appeared to be usable as base electrodes for integrated devices based on high dielectric materials, have been annealed for 30 minutes in oxygen at 650 °C. Similar structures coated with lead-based ferroelectrics deposited by the sol-gel method have been annealed for 1 min in oxygen at higher temperatures. The materials have been characterized by Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the crystallographic structure of the ferroelectrics films has been determined by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Only RuO2/Ru has been found to be suitable as an electrode, at temperatures not exceeding 650 °C. It has also been found that the electrode materials can strongly affect the crystallization behavior of the sol-gel ferroelectric films and the formation of single-phase perovskite layers.
Role of BCR affinity in T cell–dependent antibody responses in vivo

Antibody affinity for antigen is believed to govern B lymphocyte selection during T-dependent immune responses. To examine antibody affinity in T cell dependent immune responses, we compared mice that carry targeted V(H)B1-8 antibody genes with high or low antigen-binding affinity. We found that high- and low-affinity B cells had the same intrinsic capacity to respond to antigen, but in experiments where limiting numbers of high- and low-affinity B cells were mixed in wild-type recipient mice, only the high-affinity B cells accumulated in germinal centers (GCs). In GCs, high-affinity B cells accumulated fewer V(H) somatic mutations than low affinity B cells. This effect was due to selections as the frequency of mutation in noncoding immunoglobulin gene DNA is the same in high- and low- affinity B cells. Thus, B cells recruited to the GC appeared to undergo a fixed mutation program, regardless of initial B cell receptor affinity. We conclude that in addition to the selection that occurs in GCs, stringent selection for high-affinity clones is also imposed in the early stages of the T cell dependent immune response in vivo.
Improving low carbon steel chip breakability by cryogenic chip cooling

Abstract This paper presents a cryogenic machining approach to improve the chip breakability for cutting AISI1008 low carbon steel, a typical ductile material. A cryogen delivery system supplies liquid nitrogen (LN2) coolant specifically to chip faces in a properly scaled jet instead of flooding the general cutting zone. The concept for this cooling approach is to locally and selectively bring the chip temperature down to the embrittlement temperature of the workpiece material while minimizing the cooling effect on the primary shear plane, which can otherwise cause increased cutting resistance. The embrittlement temperature was determined to be between −50 and −120°C from standard material tensile and impact tests. A finite element (FE) simulation was performed to predict the chip temperature under various cutting conditions. The numerical results and cutting tests performed on turning operations are used to explain the varied chip breaking improvements for a given range of feeds and cutting speeds.
Evolution of user interaction: the case of agent adele

Animated pedagogical agents offer promise as a means of making computer-aided learning more engaging and effective. To achieve this, an agent must be able to interact with the learner in a manner that appears believable, and that furthers the pedagogical goals of the learning environment. In this paper we describe how the user interaction model of one pedagogical agent evolved through an iterative process of design and user testing. The pedagogical agent Adele assists students as they assess and diagnose medical and dental patients in clinical settings. We describe the results of, and our responses to, three studies of Adele, involving over two hundred and fifty medical and dental students over five years, that have led to an improved tutoring strategy, and discuss the interaction possibilities of two different reasoning engines. With the benefit of hindsight, the paper articulates the principles that govern effective user-agent interaction in educational contexts, and describes how the agents interaction design in its current form embodies those principles
The multi-institutional validation of the new screening index for physical child abuse.

Abstract Background/Purpose There is currently no evidence-based screening instrument to assist in the detection of physical child abuse patients. The screening index for physical child abuse (SIPCA) was previously developed as a potentially new tool for this need. It is a scale that assigns point values, on the basis of variable weights from logistic regression models, to age and patterns of injuries (including fracture of base or vault of skull, contusion of eye, rib fracture, intracranial bleeding, multiple burns), with higher scores indicating greater suspicion for abuse. The purpose of this study is to validate this new tool in another independent data set. Methods A cross-sectional hospital discharge database from 1961 hospitals in 17 states is used (n = 58558). Children aged 14 years or younger with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 800 to 959 are included for analysis. Child abuse cases are identified by E codes and certain International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes in the 995.5x range. Screening index for physical child abuse performance is evaluated by discrimination (receiver operating characteristic) and goodness of fit (pseudo r 2 ). Results A total of 447 abused patients (0.76%) was identified. The receiver operating characteristic of SIPCA in this data set is 0.89 as compared with 0.86 in the development data set. The pseudo r 2 of SIPCA in this data set is 0.26 as compared with 0.28 in the development data set. A SIPCA score of 3 has a sensitivity of 86.6% and a specificity of 80.5% for detecting physical abuse; raising the threshold to a score of 4 improves the specificity to 93.1% but at a loss of sensitivity to 71.8%. Conclusions The validity of the new SIPCA instrument is supported by its performance in an independently derived data set. A score of 3 on SIPCA represents a balanced trade off in the sensitivity and specificity of the instrument in detecting physical abuse and is an optimal threshold above which to begin considering abuse in differential diagnosis. Application of the instrument could assist clinicians in detecting physical child abuse cases among pediatric trauma patients.
The effects of phenytoin (5,5-diphenylhydantoin) on human gingival fibroblasts in culture.

Macromolecular biosynthesis in monolayer cultures of normal and responder human gingival fibroblasts derived from tissue explants was evaluated in the presence or absence of phenytoin (5μg/ml) from the 5th to the 8th day after plating and a labeling period with 14C-proline (0.2 μCi/ml) for the last 48 hours. Collagenase digestion and hydroxyproline determinations indicated an increase in collagen product. At least part of the increase may have been due to a drug-modulated decrease in collagen degradation. Phenytoin (PHT) also stimulated synthesis of glycosaminoglycan as indicated by an approximately 2-fold increase in sulfate-labeled product. Ultrastructural examination revealed a pronounced change in the protein synthetic apparatus of PHT-treated cells. Tritiated phenytoin bound to fibroblasts and appeared to undergo internalization as indicated by trypsin treatment.
Strengthening Student Voice Initiatives in High Schools An Examination of the Supports Needed for School-Based Youth-Adult Partnerships

School environments offer a particularly difficult setting for fostering youth-adult partnerships because of the sharp power and status distinctions among students, teachers, and administrators. Drawing on interview and observational data examining 13 student-voice initiatives in northern California, this research examines the type of supports that can enable the development of strong school-based youth-adult partnerships. The data demonstrate that efforts to reshape student roles face great resistance and require intentional effort on the part of adults and youth to sustain partnerships. Specifically, the institutional constraints of schools required extra attention to fostering more equitable relationships between youth and adults within school walls, establishing the legitimacy of these new relationships through the completion of specific and yet meaningful objectives established by the partnership, and finding sufficient time to engage in the work of building these partnerships.
How to obtain an asymptotic expansion of a sequence from an analytic identity satisfied by its generating function

Let fn be a sequence of nonnegative integers and let f(x): = Σn≥0 fn xn be its generating function. Assume f(x) has the following properties: it has radius of convergence r, 0 < r < 1, with its only singualarity on the circle of convergence at x = r and f(r) = s; y = f(x) satisfies an analytic identity F(x, y) = 0 near (r, s); for some k ≥ 2 F0.j = 0, 0 ≤ j < k, F0.k ≠ 0 where Fi is the value at (r, s) of the ith partial derivative with respect to x and the jth partial derivative with respect to y of F. These assumptions form the basis of what we call the typical and general cases. In both cases we show how to obtain an asymptotic expansion of fn. We apply our technique to produce several terms in the asymptotic expansion of combinatorial sequences for which previously only the first term was known.
MRI findings in headbangers

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a mentally retarded adult female who exhibits headbanging behavior are presented. Radiographic changes include enlargment of the diploic space in the parietal and occipital bones, and gray matter loss adjacent to the bony changes. This pattern of injury is compared with skull changes previously reported in headbangers, and neuronal injury seen in boxers (dementia pugilistica) and Minimata disease.
PDZ Domains and Their Ligands

Protein interaction domains (PIDs) such as the SH2 and SH3 domains are known to drive protein:protein interactions by binding to linear peptides. Screens of peptide arrays and combinatorial peptide libraries have been used to identify the peptide sequences recognized by a given PID. Two reports in this issue of Chemistry & Biology describe a new method for the synthesis of these peptide arrays and illustrate the utility of peptide ligands.
Training a one-dimentional classifier to minimize the probability of error

We report some of the results of a study of asymptotically optimum nonparametric training procedures for two-category pattern classifiers. The decision surfaces yielded by earlier forms of nonparametric training procedures generally do not minimize the probability of error. We derive a modification of the Robbins-Monro method of stochastic approximation, and show how this modification leads to training procedures that minimize the probability of error of a one-dimensional two-category pattern classifier. The class of probability density functions admitted by these training procedures is quite broad, permitting a combination of continuous and discrete components in the density functions. We show that the sequence of decision points generated by any of these training procedures converges with probability one to the minimum-probability-of-error decision point.
‘a mixed Parenthesis’: John Donne's Letters to Severall Persons of Honour

This paper is part of the second Literature Compass panel cluster arising from The Texas A&M John Donne Collection: A Symposium and Exhibition. [Correction added after online publication 24 October 2008: ‘This paper introduces the second Literature Compass panel cluster’ changed to ‘This paper is part of the second Literature Compass panel cluster’.] Comprising an introduction by Gary Stringer and three of the papers presented at the symposium, this cluster seeks to examine the current state of Donne Studies and aims to provide a snapshot of the field. The symposium was held April 6–7, 2006. The cluster is made up of the following articles: ‘Introduction to the Second Donne Cluster: Three Papers from The Texas A&M John Donne Collection: A Symposium and Exhibition’, Gary A. Stringer, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00551.x. ‘Donne into Print: The Seventeenth-Century Collected Editions of Donne's Poetry’, Ted-Larry Pebworth, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00552.x. ‘“a mixed Parenthesis”: John Donne's Letters to Severall Persons of Honour’, M. Thomas Hester, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00553.x. ‘What We Think About Donne: A History of Donne Criticism in Twenty Minutes’, Paul A. Parrish, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00554.x. *** This 1651 (rpt. 1654) edition of 129 letters composed by John Donne (1572–1631) presents the witty poet and preacher in many of his most significant styles and roles; ‘conveyors of me to you’, he called them. Despite the ‘tampering’ of many of the letters by its editor or collector, the letters yet maintain an overall impression of the ‘vitality of mind’ and ‘purposeful mental recourse’ for which this Renaissance poet and preacher was known. Attacks on the corruption of the court are balanced in the volume overall by its many meditative considerations; the portrait here of Donne the family man and loving father and husband is set beside the clever writer who declared friendship to be his ‘second religion’; and these revealing insights into his public and private self are balanced by letters affirming his life-long assertion that ‘There is no Vertue, but Religion’. Letters about the ongoing religious conflicts in Europe are followed often by newsless letters he called ‘ghosts’ and ‘apparitions’, both examples of his epistolary art expressed in those dexterous conceits that characterize his vibrant poetry and prose. This varied collection of Donne's letters seems often, that is, to be framed to illustrate his understanding of that ancient and Renaissance adage, Stylus virum arguit: ‘Style argues the man’.
Stability and performance analysis of a certain class of nonlinear time varying feedback control systems

The partitioning technique and the state variable approach have been applied to analyze and to study the behaviour of a control system whose dynamic performance can in general be described by a nonlinear differential equation containing some linear, some nonlinear, and a forcing function terms. By placing suitable restrictions on the system equation, it was found that the state variables, which represent the state of the system, belong to an L"2 space. Under the assumed restrictions, the admissible system was found to satisfy the definition of asymptotic stability in the sense of Lyapunov. Utilizing two different definitions of the norm, the system trajectory was analyzed. During the interval of operation considered, expressions for the required norms were obtained inside which all possible states of system remain. Included will be found an example to illustrate the method presented.
SPATIAL CONTROL AND PUBLIC POLICIES: THE EXAMPLE OF MEXICAN-AMERICAN HOUSING

(1974). SPATIAL CONTROL AND PUBLIC POLICIES: THE EXAMPLE OF MEXICAN-AMERICAN HOUSING. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 262-269.
Increased urinary imidazolepropionic acid, n-acetylhistamine and other imidazole compounds in patients with intestinal disorders

In 26 out of a large group of patients with gastrointestinal disorders abnormal urinary imidazole excretion patterns were found. Most frequently excessive or increased amounts of imidazolepropionic acid (ImPA) occurred, and as next N-acetylhistamine was excreted in excess. In a number of cases the latter was accompanied by a substance identified as N-propionylhistamine. It is suggested that these excretory products are bacterial metabolites of histidine, if not absorbed in the intestinal lumen. All 26 patients excreted increased amounts of bacterial metabolites of tyrosine and/or phenylalanine as well: p-OH-phenylacetic and/or p-OH-benzoic acids and phenylacetic and/or benzoic acids respectively. Many patients showed increased urinary 4-amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide, its riboside and an unknown related compound X, especially in a later (recovery) phase when imidazolepropionic acid and N-acetylhistamine already decreased. It is thought that these metabolites are not of bacterial origin.
HST spectral imaging of Titan's haze and methane profile between 0.6 and 1 μm during the 2000 opposition

We report on the analysis of high spatial resolution visible to near-infrared spectral images of Titan at Ls=240°Ls=240° in November 2000, obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph instrument on board the Hubble Space Telescope as part of program GO-8580. We employ a radiative transfer fractal particle aerosol model with a Bayesian parameter estimation routine that computes Titan's absolute reflectivity per pixel for 122 wavelengths by modeling the vertical distribution of the lower atmosphere haze and tropospheric methane. Analysis of these data suggests that Titan's haze concentration in the lower atmosphere varies in strength with latitude. We find Titan's tropospheric methane profile to be fairly consistent with latitude and longitude, and we find evidence for local areas of a CH4–N2 binary saturation in Titan's troposphere. Our results suggest that a methane and haze profile at one location on Titan would not be representative of global conditions.
Role of stress in the initial injury stages of cell killing by altered intracellular calcium

Abstract A variety of cultured cell types are effectively killed by Ca2 +-carrying ionophores (A23187, ionomycin and lasalocid) in the presence of adequate extracellular concentrations of Ca2 + and Na +, although cell killing mechanisms independent of these ions also exist. Previous studies identified 2 injury stages (termed stage I and stage II injury) at which the A23187-induced killing process in 3T3 fibroblasts is interrupted in the presence of low extracellular Ca2 + concentrations and in the absence of extracellular Na +, respectively. The present studies confirm the generality of stage II injury in Ca2 + -mediated cell killing, but demonstrate a requirement for concomitant stress conditions (e.g., osmotic or oxidative stress) for expression of stage I injury.
Fatty acid mobilization and glucose metabolism in patients with cancer

Fasting blood glucose concentration and plasma-free fatty acids of 20 cancer patients were similar to those of 17 normal persons; however, glucose tolerance and the blood glucose concentration required to maintain suppression of plasma-free fatty acids were both abnormal in cancer patients. Patients with advanced cancer might metabolize relatively more fatty acids through increases in both the release and tissue uptake of free fatty acids without a significant increase in the plasma-free fatty acid concentration. Decreased glucose tolerance might be a sensitive indicator of increased fatty acid utilization in patients with cancer.
Sensitivity of Neck Musculoskeletal Model Predictions to Variation in Intervertebral Kinematics

In-vivo measurement of loads and displacements in the head and neck is very difficult. Musculoskeletal biomechanical models are useful tools for investigating biomechanical phenomena in this system, but they require several assumptions and simplifications regarding tissue mechanical properties and intervertebral kinematics (IVK). In particular, IVK show considerable variation among subjects [1], and quantifying the influence of this variation on model estimates is important for the application of models toward understanding neck biomechanical function. Variation in IVK parameters may affect model estimates of neck strength (neck muscle moment, the product of muscle force and muscle moment arm), as well as the location of the head center of mass, which influences the gravitational load on the neck due to the weight of the head. The magnitude of gravitational load relative to neck extension strength, referred to here as fatiguability, is an estimate of demand on neck muscles and may be related to chronic neck pain induced by forward head postures [2]. The goal of this study was to quantify variation in model estimates of flexion strength, extension strength and fatigability over sagittal plane postures, due to variation in IVK.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Mechanism of the rhodium(III)-catalyzed arylation of imines via C-H bond functionalization: inhibition by substrate.

Rh(III)-catalyzed arylation of imines provides a new method for C–C bond formation while simultaneously introducing an α-branched amine as a functional group. This detailed mechanistic study provides insights for the rational future development of this new reaction. Relevant intermediate Rh(III) complexes have been isolated and characterized, and their reactivities in stoichiometric reactions with relevant substrates have been monitored. The reaction was found to be first order in the catalyst resting state and inverse first order in the C–H activation substrate.
Band-Overlap Metallization of BaTe

Energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction studies have been made on BaTe to 410 kbar. It undergoes a first-order phase transition from the sodium chloride structure to the cesium chloride structure at 48 kbar. $P(V)$ data were obtained over the entire range. Optical studies indicated by extrapolation that metallization will occur for $\frac{V}{{V}_{0}}\ensuremath{\sim}0.65$ while resistivity studies show directly that band-overlap metallization occurs at $\frac{V}{{V}_{0}}=0.65$ and $P=200$ kbar. The resistivity of the semimetallic phase is 600 \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\Omega} cm at 300 K; the resistivity of the semimetallic phase varies linearly with temperature between 200 and 300 K.
An AER study of stop-consonant discrimination

The purpose of this study was to explore hemispheric involvement in stop-consonant discrimination. Two experimental designs were used. In the first design, averaged evoked responses (AERs) to stop-consonant-vowel (CV) syllables were combined with AERs to nonspeech stimuli, in a paradigm similar to earlier studies, and were submitted to a principal components analysis and analyses of variance. In the second design, only the CV-syllable AERs were analyzed, in the same manner. When the responses to both CV and nonspeech stimuli were included in the analysis, the results were in agreement with those of earlier studies. However, when the nonspeech-stimuli AERs were removed from the analysis, the unilateral effects observed in prior studies were not replicated. The results of this research indicate the importance of considering experimental design and task variables before generalizing AER results to speech perception.
Divergence theorems in path space

Abstract We obtain divergence theorems on the solution space of an elliptic stochastic differential equation defined on a smooth compact finite-dimensional manifold M . The resulting divergences are expressed in terms of the Ricci curvature of M with respect to a natural metric on M induced by the stochastic differential equation. The proofs of the main theorems are based on the lifting method of Malliavin together with a fundamental idea of Driver.
Community child psychiatry: description of a training program and comments.

In recent years trammg directors have found it increasingly important to include in the child psychiatry curriculum at least some formal experience in community mental health. Community mental health clinics, supported by federal and state legislation, have multiplied rapidly across the nation; and more and more graduating child psychiatrists are directly employed by such clinics or become involved in other ways in community work. As the community mental health approach has developed and as the first tentative outlines of a body of specialized concepts and skills have emerged, the need for the child psychiatrist in training to be exposed at least to some degree to this area of knowledge and practice has become evident. The methods by which such an exposure can best be accomplished have not been widely discussed in the literature. A notable exception is an early paper by Bernard (1964) which describes a training program and some of the roles that a community child psychiatrist may be called upon to fulfill. The present paper is a report of our efforts on the Children's Service of the Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute to provide, during the past five years, a course in community child psychiatry, which offers career trainees a limited introduction to the concepts, methods, and problems of community mental health.
Two-component Fermi liquids and the induced-interaction model

In this paper we generalize the induced-interaction equations to calculate quasiparticle interactions and scattering amplitudes for an arbitrary, two-component Fermi liquid. An application of this formalism to a two-band electron system, with relevance to heavy-fermion physics, will be subsequently presented in another paper. We include a review of the Landau theory for an arbitrary, charged two-component Fermi liquid with arbitrary Fermi momenta. This review includes equilibrium, dynamic, and transport properties. In the weak-coupling regime, it is shown how the results obtained from the random-phase approximation agree with Landau theory.