cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mesenteric vein thrombosis: angiography in two cases.

A 33-year-old man with recurrent episodes of leg thrombophlebitis based on an antithrombin Ill deficiency had severe diffuse abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting but no diarrhea. Leg venograms 4 years earlier showed occlusion of both external iliac veins with extensive collateral formation. On admission, physical examination revealed a generally tender abdomen with no guarding or rebound tenderness and absent bowel sounds. Abdominal radiographs showed a paucity of gas but were otherwise unremarkable. After admission, the patient deteriorated, showing penitoneal signs and passing maroon stools. Superior mesentenic arteniography with the injection of 45 ml of contrast agent at 1 0 mI/sec and film sequence of 1 film/sec for 20 sec showed very slow perfusion in the area of the jejunum with persistence of arterial filling up to 20 sec (fig. 1 ). There was no visualization of the superior mesentenic vein; collateral veins were instead seen filling the portal vein (fig. 1 B). An abdominal tap yielded serosanguinous fluid. Laparotomy revealed small bowel infarction beginning at 20 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz and sparing the last 1 .2 m of ileum. Thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein extended partially into the portal vein. The infarcted small bowel was resected and an end-to-end jejunoileostomy was performed. The patient had an uneventful recovery.
Extrapolation of rheological properties for lubricant components with stokes-einstein relationships

In this paper we examine the scaling of transport properties obtained from molecular dynamics simulations on a number of model C 16 isoparaffin systems and interpreted in a Stokes-Einstein framework. The properties span a wide range of temperatures and pressures. The scaling behavior can be nonlinear and shows variation among different isomers. Nonetheless, for a given molecule, the scaling behavior of transport property data appears to be well-behaved, and we propose two approximate methods by which viscosity can be estimated from the self-diffusion coefficient and geometric characterization of the molecule in terms of an inertially equivalent prolate ellipsoid. Both methods rely on high-temperature simulations, which provide important scaling information about transport properties with reasonable computational effort. We compare the accuracy of the predictions of these approaches with several examples of lube-ranged model compounds.
A pilot review of gradual versus goal re-initiation of enteral nutrition after burn surgery in the hemodynamically stable patient

Severe weight loss resulting from inadequate nutritional intake along with the hypermetabolism after thermal injury can result in impaired immune function and delayed wound healing. This observational study was conducted on adults admitted between October 2007 and April 2012 with at least 20% total body surface area burn requiring excision who previously tolerated gastric enteral nutrition at calorie goal and who returned from surgery hemodynamically stable (no new pressor requirement) and compared the effect of goal rate re-initiation versus slow re-initiation after the first excision and grafting. Demographic, intake, and tolerance data were collected during the 36h following surgery and were analyzed with descriptive and comparative statistics. Data were collected on 14 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Subjects in the goal rate re-initiation group (n=7) met a significantly greater percentage of caloric goals (99±12% versus 58±21%, p=0.003) during the 36h following surgery than subjects in the slow re-initiation group (n=7). There were no incidences of emesis, aspiration, or ischemic bowel in either group. The goal rate re-initiation group had a 29% incidence of either stool output >1L (n=1) or gastric residual volumes >500mL (n=1), whereas these were not present in the slow re-initiation group (p=0.462). In conclusion, in this small pilot study, we found that enteral nutrition could be re-initiated after the first excision and grafting in those patients who previously tolerated gastric enteral nutrition meeting caloric goals who return from surgery hemodynamically stable without a significant difference in intolerance and with a significantly higher percentage of calorie goals achieved, but larger studies are required.
Primary leiomyosarcoma of the skin

Leiomyosarcoma is a rare tumor usually treated by wide local excision. We present a case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the skin on the anterior aspect of the chest wall treated by Mohs micrographic surgery. This is only the second-reported case so treated. The patient has remained recurrence-free for 30 months.
A generalized adaptive dynamics framework can describe the evolutionary Ultimatum Game.

Adaptive dynamics describes the evolution of games where the strategies are continuous functions of some parameters. The standard adaptive dynamics framework assumes that the population is homogeneous at any one time. Differential equations point to the direction of the mutant that has maximum payoff against the resident population. The population then moves towards this mutant. The standard adaptive dynamics formulation cannot deal with games in which the payoff is not differentiable. Here we present a generalized framework which can. We assume that the population is not homogeneous but distributed around an average strategy. This approach can describe the long-term dynamics of the Ultimatum Game and also explain the evolution of fairness in a one-parameter Ultimatum Game.
432 THE EFFECT OF ACQUIRED POSTNATAL MALNUTRITION ON PANCREATIC ENZYMES IN THE RAT

In order to characterize the response of the pancreas to malnutrition during the critical neonatal growth phase, acquired postnatal malnutrtion was induced in the rat by using the expanded litter. An experimental nursing litter of 16 rats and control litters of 7-8 rats were formed. At 19 days of age, pups were sacrificed, the pancreas resected, weighed and prepared. Mean pancreatic weight was decreased in malnourished rats to a greater extent (49% vs 60%) than the decrease in total body weight. Decreased organ weight was due mostly to a decrease in DNA content and in cell number, with a small but significant decrease in cell size.
Ontogenetic alterations in the effects of food and/or maternal deprivation on 5-HT, 5-HIAA and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios

Sprague-Dawley rat pups were deprived of food and/or the dam in experiment 1 for 24 h prior to sacrifice at 4, 10, 16 and 22 days postnatally and analysis of 5-HT, 5-HIAA and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios in cortex, forebrain minus cortex, and brainstem. Deprivation was observed to increase indoles and their ratio early in life, with the most pronounced effects being observed in early maturing caudal brain regions of neonatal rat pups. These neurochemical effects of deprivation gradually diminished during ontogeny, becoming virtually absent by the age of weaning. In neonates, both deprivation from the dam and food appeared to influence indoleamine levels, whereas absence of food appeared to be primarily influential in older preweanling animals. Ambient temperature during the treatment period did not influence indoles or their ratio in 4- and 10-day-old rat pups, but did begin to influence indoles at 16 days postnatally, an age when homeothermia begins to develop. In experiment 2, it was observed that significant increases in indoleamines were not seen until 16 h of deprivation in 4-day-old rat pups deprived of food, and the dam for 0, 2, 4, 16 or 24 h prior to sacrifice. Possible functional implications of these deprivation-related increases in indoleamines early in ontogeny are discussed.
Conversations About Jail: Inclusive Settings for Critical Literacy

This article explores how a preschool writing community in an inclusive classroom provided the space for children to enact a critical literacy stance when they reconceptualized jail from being a place where “bad” people are taken to a place that people are sometimes placed because they perform acts of social justice. This case study highlights how conversations that are authentic and meaningful to children can be utilized by other children with different perspectives to scaffold each other’s learning. Structuring classroom environments to be inclusive allows students to bring their strengths to an activity while supporting new learning for others in their community.
The 2008 Journal of Chiropractic Humanities: An Insight into the Past, Present, and Future

The advent of the digital age brings the technology that will impact our chiropractic practices. Two very interesting and insightful papers offer how technology may be utilized. Looking toward the future, Fredericks et al. synthesize the concepts of electronic medical records and societyculture-personality relationship on practice and decision making. Their paper offers a model for how doctors of chiropractic can use electronic medical records to improve quality, availability, accessibility, affordability, and continuity of care.
Hydrophobic Core Mutations Associated with Cataract Development in Mice Destabilize Human γD-Crystallin

The human eye lens is composed of fiber cells packed with crystallins up to 450 mg/ml. Human γD-crystallin (HγD-Crys) is a monomeric, two-domain protein of the lens central nucleus. Both domains of this long lived protein have double Greek key β-sheet folds with well packed hydrophobic cores. Three mutations resulting in amino acid substitutions in the γ-crystallin buried cores (two in the N-terminal domain (N-td) and one in the C-terminal domain (C-td)) cause early onset cataract in mice, presumably an aggregated state of the mutant crystallins. It has not been possible to identify the aggregating precursor within lens tissues. To compare in vivo cataract-forming phenotypes with in vitro unfolding and aggregation of γ-crystallins, mouse mutant substitutions were introduced into HγD-Crys. The mutant proteins L5S, V75D, and I90F were expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. WT HγD-Crys unfolds in vitro through a three-state pathway, exhibiting an intermediate with the N-td unfolded and the C-td native-like. L5S and V75D in the N-td also displayed three-state unfolding transitions, with the first transition, unfolding of the N-td, shifted to significantly lower denaturant concentrations. I90F destabilized the C-td, shifting the overall unfolding transition to lower denaturant concentrations. During thermal denaturation, the mutant proteins exhibited lowered thermal stability compared with WT. Kinetic unfolding experiments showed that the N-tds of L5S and V75D unfolded faster than WT. I90F was globally destabilized and unfolded more rapidly. These results support models of cataract formation in which generation of partially unfolded species are precursors to the aggregated cataractous states responsible for light scattering.
Carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaques in cardiovascular risk assessment

Current cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment tools using clinical risk factors alone are inadequate for predicting CV disease in low- to intermediate-risk patients. The presence of elevated carotid intimamedia thickness (CIMT) is a well-established risk factor for the development of CV disease. Recent studies have shown that the presence of carotid plaques is also a strong predictor of disease, independent of CIMT. Furthermore, complex carotid plaques are associated with both the acute coronary syndrome and cerebrovascular events. The use of subclinical atherosclerosis, defined as elevated CIMT or the presence of carotid plaques, in addition to clinical risk factor assessment is a sensitive method to assess future CV risk.
Orthopaedic Trauma Care in Haiti: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of an Innovative Surgical Residency Program

Abstract Objective In an effort to sustainably strengthen orthopaedic trauma care in Haiti, a 2-year Orthopaedic Trauma Care Specialist (OTCS) program for Haitian physicians has been developed. The program will provide focused training in orthopaedic trauma surgery and fracture care utilizing a train-the-trainer approach. The purpose of this analysis was to calculate the cost-effectiveness of the program relative to its potential to decrease disability in the Haitian population. Methods Using established methodology originally outlined in the World Health Organization's Global Burden of Disease project, a cost-effectiveness analysis was performed for the OTCS program in Haiti. Costs and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted were estimated per fellow trained in the OTCS program by using a 20-year career time horizon. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was used to simultaneously test the joint uncertainty of the cost and averted DALY estimates. A willingness-to-pay threshold of $1200 per DALY averted, equal to the gross domestic product per capita in Haiti, was selected on the basis of World Health Organization's definition of highly cost-effective health interventions. Results The OTCS program results in an incremental cost of $1,542,544 ± $109,134 and 12,213 ± 2,983 DALYs averted per fellow trained. The cost-effectiveness ratio of $133.97 ± $34.71 per DALY averted is well below the threshold of $1200 per DALY averted. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis suggests that implementing the OTCS program is the economically preferred strategy with more than 95% probability at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $200 per DALY averted and across the entire range of potential variable inputs. Conclusions The current economic analysis suggests the OTCS program to be a highly cost-effective intervention. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the conclusions remain stable even when considering the joint uncertainty of the cost and DALY estimates.
Quality improvement of tetrahedral meshes by optimizing the minimum local angle

Mesh quality is an important factor for stable, repeatable numerical simulations. The Delaunay method is widely used for creation of 3D tetrahedral meshes. Two-dimensional triangulation via Delaunay exhibits the mathematical property of maximizing the minimum interior angle. This feature provides excellent quality meshes for a given node deployment. However, the 3D equivalent of this property, i.e. to maximize the minimum solid angle, is not assured with 3D Delaunay. The tetrahedron's interior solid angle is directly related to mesh quality, but it is independent of the Delaunay process. Consequently, sliver elements and poor quality meshes can be created via Delaunay tetrahedral formation. In this paper, we describe a method for maximizing the minimum solid angle of tetrahedral meshes by changing the locations of non-boundary nodes. The displacement of nodes uses a gradient-based approach. The process is iterative and terminates when the mesh quality exceeds a user specified quality or convergence criterion. The technique is robust. The relocation of vertices is local which avoids significant deformation of the mesh. The results show considerable improvements in mesh quality. Using a 3D human brain mesh (27,000+ elements), our algorithm reduced the number of ill-formed elements three fold. We are extending this approach to allow tangential motion along the boundary surfaces. Currently all boundary nodes are fixed which constrains some of the element qualities.
Evaluation of the Bio-Rad syphilis IgG test performed on the CODA system for serologic diagnosis of syphilis.

Abstract The performance of the Bio–Rad Syphilis IgG EIA test as a "screen for syphilis" [testing first by EIA and then by the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) assay if the EIA was positive or equivocal] and as a confirmatory test was evaluated by comparing results to those obtained by CAPTIA Syphilis-G. Discrepancies were resolved by repeating both EIAs and/or the SeroDia TP-PA (a particle agglutination assay that replaced the microhemagglutination Treponema pallidum test). Both EIAs were totally automated, the Bio–Rad test using the AutoPrep instrument for pipetting and the CODA system to perform all of the steps required to complete the EIA and interpret results, and the CAPTIA test using the LabOTech® to accomplish both functions. Of 449 unselected sera submitted to "screen for syphilis," both EIAs agreed for 432 (96.2%) specimens: 395 negative, 36 positive, and one equivocal. Fifty-four specimens were positive or equivocal by one or both EIAs; 41 of these were RPR reactive. Three of these 41 were incorrectly called negative by Bio–Rad (sensitivity 92.7%), and there was 1 false-negative result by CAPTIA (sensitivity, 97.6%) ( P , not significant). To further evaluate the Bio–Rad assay as a confirmatory test, 144 known RPR-reactive specimens were tested by both EIAs. Results agreed for 134 (93.1%): 123 positive, 11 negative. After resolving discrepancies, there were 3 false-negative and no false-positive results by Bio–Rad (sensitivity 97.8%, specificity 100%), and with CAPTIA there were no false-negative results and 1 false-positive (sensitivity 100%, specificity 91.7%) ( P , not significant). The sensitivity of the Bio–Rad assay could be improved, without altering specificity, by lowering the cut-off value for equivocal results. In summary, the Bio–Rad Syphilis IgG EIA performed using the AutoPrep instrument and CODA system is a reliable, efficient method of syphilis testing.
Working Memory Capacity and Visual Attention: Top-Down and Bottom-Up Guidance:

Previous studies have indicated that working memory capacity (WMC) is related to visual attention when selection of critical information must be made in the face of distraction. The present study examines whether WMC-related differences in flanker task performance might be decreased by displays that are designed to support bottom-up guidance of attention. Participants were required to respond to a centrally located target while ignoring a peripheral flanker. In one condition, bottom-up support was provided by embedding the target in a row of zeros. In another condition, the zeros were removed, thus emphasizing the role of top-down attention in selecting spatially defined information. It was found that the inclusion of zeros led to the elimination of WMC-related flanker effects. We conclude that bottom-up attentional guidance can attenuate the role of WMC in selective attention.
Thickness dependent magnetization dynamics of perpendicular anisotropy Co/Pd multilayer films

We present the measurements of the picosecond magnetization dynamics of Co/Pd multilayer films. The dynamic magnetization properties of sputtered multilayer films were analyzed as a function of Co layer thicknesses and applied bias field. Both the eigenfrequencies of the magnetization precession in the multilayers and the associated Gilbert damping exhibit extreme sensitivity to the magnetic layer thickness on an atomic monolayer scale. The eigenfrequency increases more than threefold when the Co thickness decreases from 7.5 to 2.8 A, mainly due to the changes in effective saturation magnetization and perpendicular anisotropy constant. A concomitant 2.6-fold increase in the damping of the oscillations is observed and attributed to stronger interface dissipation in thinner Co layers. In addition, we introduce a quasi-1D micromagnetic model in which the multilayer stack is described as a one-dimensional chain of macrospins that represent each Co layer. This model yields excellent agreement with the observed resonance frequencies without any free parameters, while being much simpler and faster than full 3D micromagnetic modeling.
Pyridine nucleotide oxidation by intact human polymorphonuclear neutrophils

Abstract The capacity of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils to oxidize NADH and NADPH before and after phagocytosis was quantitated. Spectrophotometric measurement of pyridine nucleotide oxidation in dialysates of intact cells demonstrated that more NADH was oxidized by phagocytizing cells than by resting cells. In contrast NADPH oxidation did not increase after phagocytosis. This suggests that NADH oxidation may be responsible for the post phagocytic increase in oxygen consumption and hydrogen peroxide production that occurs in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
Protective effects of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor and continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in rat endotoxic shock

We determined the efficacy of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) and a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (TSI) on survival and their effect on TXA2, PGI2, TNF alpha, and IL-1beta production in rat endotoxemia. Thirty-six endotoxemic rats were randomized to one of 4 groups: (A) no TSI, sham CAVH; (B) no TSI, CAVH; (C) TSI, sham CAVH; and (D) TSI, CAVH. Either CAVH (Group B) or pretreatment with TSI (Group C) resulted in increased survival time. CAVH did not prevent the rise in TX (Group B). TNF alpha levels at 2 h after LPS infusion were higher in Group D compared to Group B (26.1 +/- 3.7 vs 13.2 +/- 4.3 ng/mL, P < 0.05) respectively. IL-1beta was detected earlier in Groups C,D when compared to Groups A,B (P < 0.02). TNF alpha and IL-1beta were not ultrafiltered. CAVH and the inhibition of TX synthesis independently improved survival in endotoxemia, however, their beneficial effects were not additive. While TSI may improve survival by blocking TXA2 production, the salutary effects of CAVH appear to be from removal of an undetermined TXA2 dependent mediator. TNF alpha and IL-1beta concentrations do not appear to influence survival times in this model.
Cerebellar influence on the termination of inspiration by intercostal nerve stimulation.

Abstract Stimulaton of either the intercorstal afferents or the anterior lobe of the cerebellum may terminate inspiratroy activity. Since intercostal afferents are known to project to the cerebellum, the presnet study examined the possibility that this intercostal inhibition of inspiration is medated through the cerebellum. Decerebrate, vagotomized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated cats were used. The left T6 intercostal nerve was stimulated centrally with a 3 pulse train (0.1 msec duration, 200 Hz, 0.01–5.0 mA) delivered at 10 different intervals (Ti) after the onset of phrenic neural activity. At each delay the stimulus intensity (mA) was adjusted to the minimal current required to terminatre inspiration. Plots of mA versus Ti were obtained before and after cerebellectomy at both 4% and 5% end-expiratory CO2 levels. The results demonstrated that the threshold stimular strength required for inspiratory termination is elevated by hypercapnia. Cerebellectomy, however, did not alter the threshold stimulus strength at either of the CO2 levels. Therefore, although cerebelar inputs may affect the pattern of respiration, this study has shown that the intercostal activation of the inspiratory ‘off-switch’ is not dependent onan intact cerebellum.
Lattice model and simulation of dynamics of adsorbate motion in zeolites

Abstract Previous Monte Carlo simulations of the distribution of adsorbates in zeolites have suggested that adsorbates are confined to a lattice of sites in the micropore. In this work, we examine the effect of the structure and energetics of the adsorption site lattice on the mobility of small molecules in cage-like micropores using Monte Carlo lattice dynamics (MCLD) simulations. In MCLD, motion is modeled as a series of activated site-to-site hops over energetic and entropic barriers whose magnitudes can be functions of zeolite structure, sorbate chemistry, and loading. The topology of the lattice is such that adsorbate hops are of two types: (i) between sites in a given case, and (ii) between sites in neighboring cages. For comparison, an analytical model of adsorbate self-diffusivity is constructed by applying a random walk theory to this lattice. This model is exact at low loading and approximates the dynamics well even for a crowded lattice. We also compare MCLD to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of methane adsorbed in zeolite A and observe qualitative agreement between the two approaches. However, the computational cost of MCLD is an order of magnitude lower than MD.
The super-cooling agent icilin reveals a mechanism of coincidence detection by a temperature-sensitive TRP channel

TRPM8, a member of the transient receptor potential family of ion channels, depolarizes somatosensory neurons in response to cold. TRPM8 is also activated by the cooling agents menthol and icilin. When exposed to menthol or cold, TRPM8 behaves like many ligand-gated channels, exhibiting rapid activation followed by moderate Ca(2+)-dependent adaptation. In contrast, icilin activates TRPM8 with extremely variable latency followed by extensive desensitization, provided that calcium is present. Here, we show that, to achieve full efficacy, icilin requires simultaneous elevation of cytosolic Ca2+, either via permeation through TRPM8 channels or by release from intracellular stores. Thus, two stimuli must be paired to elicit full channel activation, illustrating the potential for coincidence detection by TRP channels. Determinants of icilin sensitivity map to a region of TRPM8 that corresponds to the capsaicin binding site on the noxious heat receptor TRPV1, suggesting a conserved molecular logic for gating of these thermosensitive channels by chemical agonists.
Incomplete reduction in modular arithmetic

The authors describe a novel method for obtaining fast software implementations of the arithmetic operations in the finite field GF(p) with an arbitrary prime modulus p of arbitrary length. The most important feature of the method is that it avoids bit-level operations which are slow on microprocessors and performs word-level operations which are significantly faster. The proposed method has applications in public-key cryptographic algorithms defined over the finite field GF(p), most notably the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm.
The Status of Hospital Ethics Committees in Pennsylvania

Interdisciplinary hospital ethics committees have been the most common response to the mandates for ethical review procedures set forth by the Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO, 1995 Standards), the American Hospital Association, and within institutions themselves. A 1989 national survey reported that 60% of hospitals had ethics committees. However, little is still known about the current state of these committees in hospitals, their composition, what functions are performed, or what issues are discussed.
Femtosecond dynamics of heme proteins

Abstract We use femtosecond blue pulses to probe the transient electronic and vibrational response of two heme proteins: ferocytochrome c and deoxymyoglobin. When sub-50 fs pulses are used, we are able to observe the coherent ground state nuclear motion of the heme chromophore as well as its coupling to the amino acid backbone.
The Scalability Problem: The coexistence of high-end systems and value PCs can make life hell for game developers.

Back in the mid-1990s, I worked for a company that developed multimedia kiosk demos. Our biggest client was Intel, and we often created demos that appeared in new PCs on the end-caps of major computer retailers such as CompUSA. At that time, performance was in demand for all application classes from business to consumer. We created demos that showed, for example, how much faster a spreadsheet would recalculate (you had to do that manually back then) on a new processor as compared with the previous year’s processor. The differences were immediately noticeable to even a casual observer - and it mattered. Having to wait only 10 seconds for something that previously took 20 or more was a major improvement and led many consumers and businesses to upgrade their PCs.
Forced agglutination as a tool to improve the sensory response of a carboxylated poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)

A water-soluble biotinylated poly(p-phenyleneethynylene) (PPE, 3) was synthesized by postfunctionalization of an amine−PPE precursor 2a and investigated for sensory responses in aqueous buffer at physiological pH. Polymer 3 shows similar sensitivity (KSV = 1.1 × 104 M-1) to Hg2+ ions when compared to PPE 1 (KSV = 1.3 × 104 M-1); 3 was exposed to streptavidin-coated microspheres (SCM) to form a self-assembled complex, which exhibits an enhanced sensitivity toward Hg2+ ions. If 3 was exposed to either avidin, a streptavidin−rhodamine conjugate, or a streptavidin−Texas Red conjugate, fluorescence of 3 was quenched with KSV values of 33 × 106, 28 × 106, and 9 × 106 M-1, respectively. When lightly cross-linked polymer arrays 3−avidin were exposed to Hg2+ ions, they were more sensitive than 3 alone. The complex was quenched by Hg2+ ions with a KSV of 1.1 × 105 M-1. The negatively charged PPE 1 was incubated with the positively charged avidin to form an electrostatic 1−avidin complex. The 3−avidin complex was ab...
The sound of vowels and consonants in immediate memory

When auditory and visual presentation are compared in tests of immediate ordered recall of natural-language stimuli such as digits or letters, the typical finding is better performance on the auditory than on the visual lists. This difference is located in late portions of the serial position curve, and the advantage can be partially removed by presenting a redundant stimulus suffix. In the present research this type of comparison was extended to lists of consonant-vowel (CV) syllables varying either in the initial consonant or in the terminal vowel. The finding was that memory for vowels closely matched the results with digits or letters whereas memory for consonants showed neither the basic modality effect nor the suffix effect. Thus, the special memory system associated with auditory presentation may be said to “contain” vowels but not consonants.
Inhibition of cytoskeletal reorganization stimulates actin and tubulin syntheses during injury‐induced cell migration in the corneal endothelium

A single layer of squamous epithelial cells termed the "endothelium" resides upon its natural basement membrane (Descemet's membrane) along the posterior surface of the vertebrate cornea. A well-defined circular freeze injury to the center of the tissue exposes the underlying basement membrane and results in the directed migration of surrounding cells into the wound center. This cellular translocation is characterized by the reorganization of the actin and tubulin cytoskeletons. During migration, circumferential microfilament bundles are replaced by prominent stress fibers while microtubules, observed as delicate lattices in non-injured cells, become organized into distinct web-like patterns. To determine whether this cytoskeletal reorganization requires actin or tubulin synthesis, injured rabbit endothelia were organ cultured for various times and metabolically labeled with 35S-methionine/cystine (250 microCi/ml) for the final 6 h of each experiment. Analysis of actin and tubulin immunoprecipitates indicated no significant increases in 35S incorporation occurred during the course of wound repair when compared to isotope incorporation in noninjured tissues. However, when cytoskeletal reorganization was hampered, either by pre-treating tissues with 7 microM phalloidin to stabilize their circumferential microfilament bundles, or culturing in the presence of 10(-8)M colchicine to dissociate microtubules, 35S incorporation increased significantly into both actin and tubulin immunoprecipitates at 48 h post-injury. Furthermore, in both cases, exposure to actinomycin D substantially suppressed isotope incorporation. These results indicate that cytoskeletal rearrangement of microfilaments and microtubules during wound repair, in corneal endothelial cells migrating along their natural basement membrane, utilizes existing actin and tubulin subunits for filament reorganization. Disrupting this disassembly/reassembly process prevents cytoskeletal restructuring and leads to the subsequent initiation of actin and tubulin syntheses, as a result of increased transcriptional activity.
Surgeons of oral cancer and leaders of a young specialty: The role of 3 oral and maxillofacial surgeons

The treatment of oral and related cancer has evolved greatly since the early part of the 20th century. Today, some oral and maxillofacial surgeons include oral cancer surgery as a normal part of their practice. This article will discuss 3 pioneers, Elmer C. Hume, Fred Henny, and Claude La Dow, who shared a career-long commitment to oral cancer surgery, trained future leaders of the specialty, and retained their professional identity within dentistry and oral surgery. Their lives and contributions are profiled within the context of the political climate of oral surgery at the time. Oral cancer surgery within the discipline of oral and maxillofacial surgery declined later in the 20th century as this activity increased among head and neck surgeons based in general surgery and later, otolaryngology. Simultaneously, the interest of American oral surgeons was drawn toward orthognathic surgery and the landmark presentation by Hugo Obwegeser at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in June 1966 signaled the beginning of a shift in the focus of the specialty. The close of the 20th century has witnessed a renaissance of interest in oral cancer surgery within American oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Multiple sex-linked reciprocal translocations in a termite from Jamaica

Males of the termiteIncisitermes schwarzi from Jamaica have a diploid chromosome number of 32. In male meiosis there are 7 bivalents, and a ring of 18 chromosomes equivalent to sex chromosomes, 9 X's and 9 Y's. This is the largest reciprocal translocation complex so far described for any plant or animal species.
Photorefractive optical fuzzy-logic processor based on grating degeneracy

A novel optical fuzzy-logic processor using light-induced gratings in photorefractive crystals is proposed and demonstrated. By exploiting grating degeneracy, one can easily implement parallel fuzzy-logic functions in disjunctive normal form.
Brainstorm, define, prototype: timing constraints to balance appropriate and novel design

We present the results of a human creativity experiment that examined the effect of varying the timing of narrowed constraints. Participants were asked to create a static web ad for Stanford University guided under a timed design process and were introduced to a narrowed constraint either at the beginning, middle, or end of the prototyping process. The narrow constraint addressed goal and task constraints by specifying the target audience and ad size. We find that groups introduced to narrow constraints prior to the brainstorm yielded more appropriate results, while those introduced prior to the final production yielded more novel results. Our results suggest that effective timing of design constraints may further optimize ideation and design methodologies.
Moral Reasoning and the Online Debate About Iraq

How a democratic nation deliberates about war is one of the most important political questions that can be asked. This study examines how the American public sphere debated the attack on Iraq between August and October 2002, marking the time when the Bush administration began discussing a potential attack against Iraq and when Congress authorized the use of force for that purpose. The study specifically compares the pattern of argument in two different forums of the public sphere: (a) the opinion pages of 23 different U.S. newspapers from across the political spectrum and (b) online discussion groups. Of particular interest was the comparative weight given to moral argument. This particular war was preemptive and unprovoked. Hence, much of the world disapproved. In such a case, one might expect moral considerations to be an important aspect of the debate. This study found that, in comparison at least with opinion in the elite press, the pattern of opinion online was different. The online discussion resemb...
Abstract B59: Racial disparities in surgical procedure and survival for endometrial cancer.

Objective: Hysterectomy is standard of care in the treatment of endometrial cancer. We will determine if endometrial cancer directed hysterectomy varies by race. Methods: The U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry was queried to identify 59,994 black and white women diagnosed with localized endometrial cancer from 2000-2009. Frequency of endometrial cancer directed hysterectomy was compared by race (white, black) and adjusted for age (<60 years, 60+) and tumor grade (low = grades I & II, high = grades III & IV). Reason for no hysterectomy was also queried. Five-year relative survival was also calculated using SEER*Stat 7.1.0. Results: Of the 59,994 women with localized endometrial malignancies in the study, 55,950 were white and 4,044 were black. White females with localized endometrial cancer were significantly more likely to undergo hysterectomy than their black counterparts (95.69% [94.88-96.5%] vs. 86.55% [86.55-92.4%]). Black women 60 and older were significantly less likely to receive hysterectomy than their white counterparts (87.50% vs. 94.96%). In accounting for grade, white women with low grade endometrial cancer were significantly more likely to undergo hysterectomy than black women (96.23% vs. 91.37%). There was no significant difference in hysterectomy in women less than age 60 or among those with high-grade disease. When reason for no hysterectomy was queried, it was found that reason “not recommended” was significantly higher for black women than white women (50.82% [44.28-58.05%] vs. 40.28% [37.79-42.90%]). Furthermore, when accounting for age and grade, black women were still more likely to have no surgery because it was not recommended, but the only statistically significant racial disparity was in women less than 60 years old (41.57% [38.26-44.97%] vs. 54.41% [46.02-62.56%]). Five-year survival for all women with hysterectomy was 98.8% (95% CI = 98.4-99.1%). White subjects that underwent hysterectomy had a significantly higher 5-year survival than black subjects (99.2% [98.7-99.5%] vs. 92.6% [90.6-94.1%]). The significant racial difference in 5-year survival persisted when accounting for age and grade. Conclusions: We found substantial racial disparities between black and white women with localized endometrial cancer in the frequency of hysterectomy performed and in 5-year survival. This, as yet, unexplained racial disparity merits further study to identify causative factors to ultimately improve health care outcomes for all women with endometrial cancer. Citation Format: Travis-Riley K. Korenaga, Kristy K. Ward, Michael T. McHale, Cheryl C. Saenz, Steven C. Plaxe. Racial disparities in surgical procedure and survival for endometrial cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B59.
ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED REVISIONS OF THE TEST OF SPOKEN ENGLISH

This research was conducted to compare a prototype revised form of the Test of Spoken English (TSE®) with the current version of the same test. The study compared interrater reliability, frequency of rater discrepancy at all score levels, component task adequacy, scoring efficacy, and other concurrent and construct validity evidence, including oral proficiency interview correlations for a subset of the examinee sample. The study employed a representative examinee sample of 342 nonnative speakers of English, purposely sampled from among the two professional domains of prospective university teaching assistants (N = 184) and prospective licensed medical professionals (N = 158). One somewhat unusual component of the study was the attempt to involve persons most at risk in the judgment process. Thus, in addition to employing the usual group of trained raters for the scoring of the current and prototype versions of the test, 16 naive adult raters were purposely selected (eight first-year university students from four broad academic disciplines and eight nondegreed prospective medical outpatients within four broad age levels) for having limited exposure to foreign languages and cultures. These 16 naive raters (eight females and eight males) provided concurrent judgments of the comprehensibility and communicative effectiveness of a subset of 40 recorded prototype examinations. In general, the comparative evidence gathered appeared to underscore the psychometric quality of the prototype revised TSE and to support conclusions of its adequacy as an instrument used to make judgments of the oral English language proficiency of nonnative speakers in the targeted populations. Some additional suggestions are provided on ways to implement the scoring of the prototype version of the test.
EOS/ESD protection circuit design for deep submicron SOI technology

Deep submicron silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is potentially an important technology for low voltage applications because of advantages in processing, speed, subthreshold conduction and latchup immunity. However, little attention has been given to EOS/ESD protection circuit design issues for submicron SOI technology. Multi-finger grounded gate NMOS (GGNMOS) devices have been used as effective output protection devices for bulk Si technology. In this paper, we investigate the failure modes of GGNMOS devices designed for a 0.3 /spl mu/m fully depleted SOI technology. We provide a theoretical comparison between the EOS/ESD performance of bulk and SOI technologies. We also provide practical design guidelines for effective protection circuit design in SOI technology.
Memory phases in Drosophila.

MEMORY in many organisms can be disrupted by anaesthesia or electroconvulsive shock applied shortly after training. Later, if left undisturbed, the memory becomes immune to these agents. This suggests that learned information is stored by the brain in more than one form1–4. A population of Drosophila melanogaster can be trained to avoid an odorant by presenting the odour in combination with electric shock. When tested later without shock, the flies avoid this odorant specifically (ref. 5 and unpublished results of Y.D.). By anaesthetising the flies briefly with cold at various times between training and testing, we have found two memory components in Drosophila.
OPTIMAL CATALYST DISTRIBUTION AND DILUTION IN NONISOTHERMAL PACKED BED REACTORS

The problem of the optimal distribution of two different catalysts in a nonisothermal packed bed reactor is analyzed. State variable constraints, such as maximum allowable temperature, may be incorporated through a penalty function approach into the steepest ascent solution of this problem. Loading a wall-cooled reactor with two chemically different catalysts is compared to dilution of a single catalyst with inerts for temperature moderation. A criterion is presented for estimating whether catalyst dilution may be necessary in order to keep reactor temperature below some maximum allowable value. Conditions for optimal loading with a two-dimensional reactor model are presented and applied to catalyst dilution in a butane oxidation reactor. Suboptimal catalyst loadings are compared with the optimal loading.
DNA superhelicity enhances the assembly of transcriptionally active chromatin in vitro.

Using an in vitro chromatin assembly system, we analyzed the influence of DNA superhelicity on the development of transcriptionally active minichromosomes. Plasmid DNA molecules containing either a Xenopus borealis 5S RNA gene or an X. laevis methionine tRNA gene were utilized as templates for the assembly of chromatin. Both plasmids were processed into active minichromosomes if introduced as supercoiled molecules into the extract (S150). The degree of superhelicity is a determining factor in the assembly of active chromatin. Molecules containing varying superhelical densities were processed into minichromosomes with different transcriptional activities. The absence of supercoils leads to the assembly of chromatin with substantially lower transcriptional activity. Assembled minichromosomes are stable enough to be isolated by sucrose gradient centrifugation while retaining their transcriptional phenotype. The formation of nucleosomes with a periodic spacing occurred with the same efficiency and to the same degree regardless of the initial DNA topology. Hence, a determining factor in the development of transcriptionally active chromatin may be the initial superhelicity of the DNA molecule to which activator (trans-acting factors) or repressor (histones) proteins bind. Once the chromatin assembly process has begun, the transcriptional activity of the resulting minichromosome may already have been determined.
Thermal emission from low-field neutron stars

We present a new grid of LTE model atmospheres for weakly magnetic (B < 10 10 G) neutron stars, using opacity and equation of state data from the OPAL project and employing a fully frequency- and angle-dependent radiation transfer. We discuss the dierences from earlier models, including a comparison with a detailed NLTE calculation. We suggest heating of the outer layers of the neutron star atmosphere as an explanation for the featureless X-ray spectra of RX J1856.5{3754 and RX J0720.4{3125 recently observed with Chandra and XMM.
The silence of the south and the absence of political philosophy

In The Shape of Ancient Thought: Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies, Thomas McEvilley sees the great stage of philosophy's history as simply too vast for the Greek Miracle alone. There is an Indian Miracle that has always already shared in the act. This presence of Indian philosophy alongside Greek philosophy is not simply established through an articulate typological witnessing of parallels and similarities in philosophic subject matter. Such a witnessing could lure one into defending the position that "certain... words...[have] a metaphysical existence independent of any mind thinking them...waiting...for the moment when certain minds, no matter how far apart geographically, should become ready for their dawning" (McEvilley 2002: 59). Instead, "though typological comparisons may reveal something about the possibilities for thought in a particular age," McEvilley feels that "the present study would not...seem as alive without the lure of concrete historical contacts and influences." It is on the basis of his central claim that "Indian and Greek philosophies were historically interactive and partially formative upon one another" that McEvilley concludes "it would seem a mere cultural and ethnic prejudice to exclude Indian thought from that history of philosophy of which Greek thought is supposedly both the source and the central event" (653). McEviliey's book?by demonstrating the influence of Indian thought upon the pre-Socratic "Ur-fountainhead of the western tradition" and the influence of Greek thought upon the dialectic of N?g?rjuna and ?ryadeva which provided the basis for "the Hindu tradition from Sankara to Radhakrishnan"?success
Electricity markets: an overview and comparative study

Purpose – The electric power industry has been moving from a regulated monopoly structure to a deregulated market structure in many countries. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively review the existing markets to study advantages, issues involved and lessons learnt to benefit emerging electricity markets.Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs a comprehensive review of existing competitive electricity market models in USA (California), UK, Australia, Nordic Countries (Norway), and developing country (Chile) to analyze the similarities, differences, weaknesses, and strengths among these markets based on publically available data, literature review and information.Findings – Ongoing or forthcoming electricity sector restructuring activities in some countries can be better designed based on lessons learnt from existing markets and incorporating their own political, technical and economical contexts. A template for design of successful electricity market has also been presented.Research limit...