cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A precursor to the Matuyama/Brunhes transition-field instability as recorded in pelagic sediments

Abstract The period some 20–25 kyr just prior to the most recent generally recognized geomagnetic field polarity transition, the Matuyama-to-Brunhes reversal, appears to be marked by significant geomagnetic variability, manifested as pronounced oscillations in intensity. We compare several previously published paleomagnetic records with new high resolution paleomagnetic data obtained from five pelagic marine sites: North Atlantic DSDP Hole 609B; equatorial Atlantic ODP Hole 665A; and western equatorial Pacific ODP Holes 803B, 804C, and 805B. Using standard rock magnetic normalization for all of the samples, as well as a Thellier/Thellier method on the sediments of Hole 804C, we consistently find a decrease in paleointensity (DIP of [1]) approximately 15 kyr prior to the Matuyama-to-Brunhes transition in the five new records, as well as in the previously published records. Despite sedimentation accumulation rates (SAR) that range from 11 cm/kyr to 1 cm/kyr, these sequences yield paleointensity curves that are broadly similar in form, even at the lowest SARs. The intensity of the pre-reversal low (DIP1) appears to be of the same magnitude as that of the transition itself (DIP2 of [1]). In some of the records, a directional excursion to nearly full normal polarity accompanies DIP1 and remains after alternating field (AF) and/or thermal demagnetization, whereas in other records the directional changes vanish with demagnetization and appear to be caused by overprinting. A viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) contribution to NRM was identified in two of the records and, until removed by AF or thermal demagnetization, was found to blur the ‘double-DIP’ nature of the paleointensity profiles into an apparent single-DIP, and also resulted in an apparent, but erroneous, ‘sawtooth’-like post-transitional sudden increase in paleointensity. After appropriate normalization, the magnitude of the post-transitional recovery was much reduced. The magnetic directions of three of the new records after ‘cleaning’ and adjusting the stable declinations to either 0 (normal) or 180 (reverse), map to VGP positions lying in the Pacific; the directional variations, however, are far less consistent than the intensity variations. The confirmed global existence of this DIP so closely preceding a major reversal invites questions about its relation to the reversal itself. The apparent normal character of this interval can also present problems for magnetostratigraphical interpretations based on coarse or incomplete sampling by mimicking the Brunhes/Matuyama reversal some 15 kyr earlier in the section than its true location.
Performance analysis of frequency up-converting energy harvesters for human locomotion

Energy harvesting from human locomotion is a challenging problem because the low frequencies involved are incompatible with small, light-weight transducers. Furthermore, frequency variations during changing levels of activity greatly reduce the effectiveness of tuned resonant devices. This paper presents the performance analysis and parameter study of energy harvesters utilizing magnetic interactions for frequency up-conversion. Ferrous structures are used to periodically attract a magnetic tip mass during low-frequency oscillations, producing a series of impulses. This technique allows resonant structures to be designed for much higher natural frequencies and reduces the effects of excitation frequency variation. Measured vibrational data from several human activities are used to provide a time-varying, broadband input to the energy harvesting system and are recreated in a laboratory setting for experimental validation. Optimal load resistances are calculated under several assumptions including sinusoidal, white noise, and band-limited noise base excitations. These values are tested using simulations with real-world accelerations and compared to steady-state power optimization results. The optimal load is presented for each input signal, and an estimation of the maximum average power harvested under idealized conditions is given. The frequency up-conversion technique is compared to linear, resonant structures to determine the impact of the nonlinearities. Furthermore, an analysis is performed to study the discrepancies between the simulated results and the predicted performance derived from frequency response functions to determine the importance of transients.
Intrinsic mRNA stability helps compose the inflammatory symphony

The intrinsic stability of mRNA is important in the regulation of gene expression. New data show that the intrinsic stability of tumor necrosis factor–induced mRNA transcripts strongly influences the coordinated expression of genes that promote distinct phases of the inflammatory response.
A novel method for radiolabeling antigen-binding receptors of lymphocytes

Abstract Antigen-binding receptor (ABR) molecules have been selectively radiolabeled and isolated from immunized chicken spleen cells. The specific radiolabeling of the receptors has been accomplished by utilizing a novel technique employing lactoperoxidase (LPO) covalently linked to antigen (Ag) for which human gammaglobulin was used. The cell surface ABRs were first bound to the Ag-LPO conjugates through specific recognition sites on the Ag portion of the conjugates. The bound LPO portions were then allowed to catalyze the radioiodination of the ABRs. After radiolabeling, cells were solubilized with detergents. ABRs still bound to Ag-LPO conjugates were directly isolated from the lysates via immunoaffinity chromatography utilizing an immunoaffinity reagent directed toward the antigen portion of the ABR-Ag-LPO complex. The radioactive materials isolated in this way were then analyzed via SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. It appears that as expected, most of the specifically-labeled and isolated materials were immunoglobulin (Ig). Both the membrane-bound form of the heavy chain (mol. wt 77 K) as well as the secreted form (mol. wt 67 K) were detected, along with the light chain (mol. wt 25 K). An additional polypeptide of mol. wt 55 K was also selectively labeled and isolated along with the Ig. This may be a molecule closely associated with the membrane immunoglobulin on the B-cell surface.
Numerical Simulation of 3D In-situ Stress in Hailaer Oil Field

Abstract On the basis of geological characteristic and actual date analysis of hailaer block, the rational geological model, mechanics model and mathematics model were established. With the method of Finite-element constraint optimization algorithms, the numerical simulation of modern three-dimensional tectonic stress field of the hailaer block has been realized. The level of horizontal maximum principal stress, horizontal minimum principal stress, vertical stress value and the distribution characteristics were calculated, so as to provide a gist for evaluating the space fracture distribution, analyzing the migration and accumulation of oil and gas.
Band structure and lattice instability of TiSe2

The energy band structure of Ti${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$, determined in the local-density approach yields a semimetal (band overlap 0.20 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.05 eV) with holes at $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ and electron pockets only at $L$. The dimensions of the electron pocket indicate the presence of (7-8) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{20}$ carriers/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ in excellent agreement with both transport and angular-resolved photoemission data. The observed charge-density wave is attributed to characteristic "volume" effects, i.e., nesting of parallel electron-hole bands at ${E}_{F}$ separated by the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}\ensuremath{-}L$ zone-boundary wave vector.
Dexamethasone levels predict cortisol response after infant cardiopulmonary bypass

Objectives We sought to evaluate whether there is variability in blood dexamethasone levels after a standard 1 mg/kg dose of dexamethasone administered before infant cardiopulmonary bypass. We hypothesized that postoperative dexamethasone drug levels are highly variable, and that the infant stress response is related inversely to the amount of dexamethasone measured in the blood. Methods Thirty-two infants (age, ≤365 days) received 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) initiation. Blood was analyzed for cortisol, adrenocorticotropin, and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels after anesthesia induction, after CPB, after intensive care unit (ICU) arrival, and 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. Patients were grouped as high dexamethasone (≥15 μg/dL) or low dexamethasone ( Results Dexamethasone levels varied significantly between the high (n = 22) and low (n = 10) dexamethasone groups throughout the entire postoperative course and were correlated highly with cortisol response. Patients with high dexamethasone levels had postoperative cortisol levels that were lower than their pre-CPB baseline cortisol levels. Cortisol levels remained low throughout the first 24 postoperative hours even after dexamethasone levels neared zero. There were no significant differences between groups in the duration of mechanical ventilation or ICU length of stay. Conclusions Dexamethasone levels are highly variable at ICU arrival, despite standardized 1 mg/kg dosing before CPB initiation.
Band structure and itinerant magnetism in quantum critical NbFe 2

We report first-principles calculations of the band structure and magnetic ordering in the C14 Laves phase compound ${\text{NbFe}}_{2}$. The magnetism is itinerant in the sense that the moments are highly dependent on ordering. We find an overestimation of the magnetic tendency within the local spin-density approximation, similar to other metals near magnetic quantum critical points. We also find a competition between different magnetic states due to band-structure effects. These lead to competing magnetic tendencies due to competing interlayer interactions, one favoring a ferrimagnetic solution and the other an antiferromagnetic state. While the structure contains Kagome lattice sheets, which could, in principle, lead to strong magnetic frustration, the calculations do not show dominant nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions within these sheets. These results are discussed in relation to experimental observations.
Chemical screening platforms for autophagy drug discovery to identify therapeutic candidates for Huntington's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders

Autophagy is a cellular degradation process involved in the clearance of aggregate-prone proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases. While the mTOR pathway has been known to be the major regulator of autophagy, recent advancements into the regulation of autophagy have identified mTOR-independent autophagy pathways that are amenable to chemical perturbations. Several chemical and genetic screens have been undertaken to identify small molecule and genetic regulators of autophagy, respectively. The small molecule autophagy enhancers offer great potential as therapeutic candidates not only for neurodegenerative diseases, but also for diverse human diseases where autophagy acts as a protective pathway. This review highlights the various chemical screening platforms for autophagy drug discovery pertinent for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Comorbidity and Family Factors Associated with Selective Mutism

Recent findings suggest that Selective Mutism (SM) is best conceptualized as a childhood anxiety disorder and that oppositional behavior may or may not be a significant part of the clinical picture. Twenty-nine mothers of children with SM and 28 mothers of children who did not meet diagnostic criteria for any Axis I disorder (a community comparison group) completed parental self-report questionnaires and clinician-rated interviews assessing anxiety and oppositional behavior, parental psychopathology, and family factors with hypothesized relationships with childhood anxiety. Findings suggested that children with SM experienced more anxiety than those in the community comparison group, with significantly higher levels of social anxiety, rumination, and physical symptoms reported. Mothers of children with SM reported greater monitoring of their children's activities, but they did not significantly differ from community comparison group mothers on reports of other parenting behaviors. Such findings may have important implications for guiding family involvement in psychosocial interventions.
Measuring behavioral trust in social networks

Trust is an important yet complex and little understood aspect of the dyadic relationship between two entities. Trust plays an important role in the formation of coalitions in social networks and in determining how high value of information flows through the network. We present algorithmically quantifiable measures of trust based on communication behavior. We propose that trust results in likely communication behaviors which are statistically different from random communications; detecting these trust-like behaviors allows us to develop a quantitative measure of who trusts whom in the network. We develop algorithms to efficiently compute such behavioral trust and validate these measures on the Twitter network.
Inverse Heat Conduction Problem of Periodically Contacting Surfaces

An inverse heat conduction method for determining the periodically time-varying contact conductance between two periodically contacting surfaces is presented. The technique is based on solving two single-region inverse problems for the contact surface temperature and heat flux of each solid. The time variation of contact surface temperature is represented with a versatile periodic B-spline basis. The dimension of the B-spline basis is statistically optimized and confidence bounds are derived for the estimated contact conductance. Typical results based on both simulated and actual measurements are given and a parametric study is made to illustrate the general effects of measurement location, number of measurements, etc., on the accuracy of the results.
FATIGUE PERFORMANCE OF PIEZOELECTRIC WEIGH-IN-MOTION SENSORS

The results of the laboratory evaluation of the fatigue characteristics of the piezoelectric weigh-in-motion sensors of two manufacturers, Vibracoax (VC) and Measurements Specialties Incorporated (MSI), are presented. For each manufacturer, two sensor types were tested, one factory encapsulated and the other bare. The test was conducted in an accelerated fashion using a servo-hydraulic loading system, operated in a load-controlled fashion at a frequency of 4 Hz. Three loading conditions were tested: dry under a contact pressure of 860 kPa, wet under a contact pressure of 860 kPa, and dry under a contact pressure of 200 kPa. For each of these loading conditions, a concrete slab was built to allow simultaneous loading of sets of four sensors, one of each of the types evaluated. The results were plotted in the form of voltage output versus the number of load applications. Regression relationships were fitted to the data of maximum voltage versus the number of loading cycles. Under the dry conditions and at 860 kPa contact pressure, the MSI sensors exhibited a decrease in voltage output as the number of loading cycles increased, whereas the VC sensors exhibited an increase in voltage as the number of loading cycles increased. Under wet conditions, the bare sensors of both manufacturers exhibited considerably shorter lives (i.e., voltage output reduced to zero) than the encapsulated ones. No fatigue-related peak voltage changes were found for the sensors under the 200 kPa contact pressure and dry conditions.
Race-specific associations of myeloperoxidase with atherosclerosis in a population-based sample: The Dallas Heart Study

Abstract Objective Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a leukocyte-derived enzyme that appears to be directly involved in atherosclerosis development. We evaluated the association of circulating MPO with coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in a large, multiethnic population. Methods and results Plasma levels of MPO were measured in 3294 subjects participating in the Dallas Heart Study, a probability-based population sample. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) was measured by EBCT, and abdominal aorta plaque prevalence (AP) and burden (APB), as well as abdominal aorta wall thickness (AWT) were determined by MRI. Associations between MPO and atherosclerosis phenotypes were assessed in multivariable analyses adjusting for traditional atherosclerosis risk factors. MPO levels in the 4th compared with 1st quartile independently associated with prevalent AP (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08–1.84), APB (beta coefficient 0.23, p =0.02), and AWT (beta coefficient 0.04, p =0.03), but not with prevalent CAC (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.61–1.17). MPO remained associated with aortic atherosclerosis phenotypes but not coronary calcification after adjustment for other inflammatory biomarkers. A significant interaction was observed between race/ethnicity, MPO and AP ( p interaction =0.038), such that MPO levels in the 4th vs 1st quartile associated with prevalent AP in African Americans, (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.23–2.65) but not in White or Hispanic participants (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.68–1.44). Conclusion Higher levels of MPO associated with aortic but not coronary atherosclerosis, with significant associations limited to African American participants. These findings suggest that MPO might be a novel risk factor contributing to racial disparities in peripheral vascular disease.
Comprehensive clinical and pathological analysis of three rare vascular tumor cases

The histological boundary between benign and malignant vascular tumors is not clear. Thus, the discrepancies between clinical judgement and pathological diagnosis often lead to a difficult clinical decision, and may result in misdiagnosis. In order to develop more effective treatment methods, the clinical and pathological data concerning rare vascular tumors should be comprehensively analyzed. To clarify the important roles of clinical and pathological analyses in vascular tumors, three rare vascular tumor cases that we encountered in clinical practice are analyzed and reported in detail.
INFLUENCE OF COORDINATION NUMBER AND LIGAND SIZE ON THE DISSOCIATION MECHANISMS OF TRANSITION METAL-MONOSACCHARIDE COMPLEXES

Abstract Several features of metal-carbohydrate complexes, in the form of deprotonated metal/ N -glycoside ions, were varied in order to determine which types of complexes would best enable mass spectrometric differentiation of the stereochemical features of the coordinated monosaccharides. Metal complexes were generated by using transition metals such as nickel, copper, and zinc. Additionally, the size and coordination number of ligands in the complex, as well as the number of these ligands coordinated to the metal, were varied. By using a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer, multistage mass spectrometric experiments were performed on the electrospray-generated metal N -glycoside complexes. Several tricoordinate Ni N -glycoside systems were capable of differentiating the stereochemistry about the C-2 center in the monosaccharide ring, whereas the tricoordinate Cu/ en system allowed for the differentiation of both the C-2 and C-4 stereocenters. No stereochemical differentiation was possible from four- or five-coordinate species with the exception of the four-coordinate Zn/ dien complexes. Changes in the metal center or size of the N -glycoside ligand generated the greatest changes in the product ion spectra of the tricoordinate complexes. Such alterations in four- or five-coordinate complexes often did not result in greatly differing product ion spectra. Whereas the product ion spectra of most metal/ N -glycoside complexes could be easily categorized according to structural features of the precursor ion, exceptional species such as the four coordinate [Zn( dien /monosaccharide)–H] + precursor ion, also capable of differentiating the stereochemical features about C-2 and C-4, can give unexpected stereochemical information.
SU-E-J-115: Using Markov Chain Modeling to Elucidate Patterns in Breast Cancer Metastasis Over Time and Space

Purpose: Traditionally, breast cancer metastasis is described as a process wherein cancer cells spread from the breast to multiple organ systems via hematogenous and lymphatic routes. Mapping organ specific patterns of cancer spread over time is essential to understanding metastatic progression. In order to better predict sites of metastases, here we demonstrate modeling of the patterned migration of metastasis. Methods: We reviewed the clinical history of 453 breast cancer patients from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center who were non-metastatic at diagnosis but developed metastasis over time. We used the variables of organ site of metastases as well as time to create a Markov chain model of metastasis. We illustrate the probabilities of metastasis occurring at a given anatomic site together with the probability of spread to additional sites. Results: Based on the clinical histories of 453 breast cancer patients who developed metastasis, we have learned (i) how to create the Markov transition matrix governing the probabilities of cancer progression from site to site; (ii) how to create a systemic network diagram governing disease progression modeled as a random walk on a directed graph; (iii) how to classify metastatic sites as ‘sponges’ that tend to only receive cancer cells or ‘spreaders’ that receive and release them; (iv) how to model the time-scales of disease progression as a Weibull probability distribution function; (v) how to perform Monte Carlo simulations of disease progression; and (vi) how to interpret disease progression as an entropy-increasing stochastic process. Conclusion: Based on our modeling, metastatic spread may follow predictable pathways. Mapping metastasis not simply by organ site, but by function as either a ‘spreader’ or ‘sponge’ fundamentally reframes our understanding of metastatic processes. This model serves as a novel platform from which we may integrate the evolving genomic landscape that drives cancer metastasis. PS-OC Trans-Network Project Grant Award for “Data Assimilation and ensemble statistical forecasting methods applied to the MSKCC longitudinal metastatic breast cancer cohort.”
Studies on nitrogen metabolism using 13C NMR spectroscopy. 5. Metabolism of L-α-arginine in the biosynthesis of blasticidin S

Abstract [3- 13 C,2- 15 N]Arginine has been converted to the β-arginine moiety in blasticidin S with retention of both labels via an intramolecular migration of nitrogen, and [3,3- 2 H 2 arginine has been incorporated with retention of both labels with one deuterium migrating from C-3 to C-2.
Scalable and loop-free multicast Internet protocol

In network multimedia applications, such as multiparty teleconferencing, users often need to send the same information to several other users. To manage such one-to- many or many-to-many communication efficiently in wide-area internetworks, it is imperative to support and perform multicast routing. Multicast routing sends a single copy of a message from a source to multiple receivers over a communication link that is shared by the paths to the receivers. Loop-freedom is a specially important consideration in multicasting. Because applications using multicasting tend to be multimedia and bandwidth intensive, and loops in multicast routing duplicates looping packets. We present a new multicast routing protocol, called multicast internet protocol (MIP), which offers a simple and flexible approach to constructing both group-shared and shortest-paths multicast trees. MIP can be sender-initiated or receiver-initiated or both; therefore, it can be tailored to the particular nature of the an application's group dynamics and size. MIP is independent of the underlying unicast routing algorithms used. MIP is robust and adapts under dynamic network conditions to maintain loop-free multicast routing. Under stable network conditions, MIP has no maintenance or control message overhead.
Bryophytes as economic plants

Mosses and liverworts, apart from peat provided by the former, have not been of significance in furnishing useful products. They are, however, of importance in the general economy of nature, and have been used in a variety of ways.
A maj Statistic for Set Partitions

We propose a weighting of set partitions which is analogous to the major index for permutations. The corresponding weight generating function yields the q-Stirling numbers of the second kind of Carlitz and Gould. Other interpretations of maj are given in terms of restricted growth functions, rook placements and reduced matrices. The Foata bijection interchanging inv and maj for permutations also has a version for partitions. Finally, we generalize these constructions to an analog of Rawling's rmaj and to two new kinds of p, q-Stirling numbers. 1. THE MAJOR INDEX OF A p ARTITION Versions of the q-Stirling numbers of the second kind were first introduced by Carlitz [1, 2] and Gould [7]. Later, Milne [10] showed that those of the second kind could be viewed combinatorially as generating functions for an inversion statistic on partitions. It is well known that the q-binomial coefficients describe the distribution of two statistics on permutations: the inversion number (inv) and the major index (maj). Thus it is natural to hope for an analog of maj for partitions. The purpose of this paper is to describe such an analog and some of its properties. The rest of this section is devoted to basic definitions. In Sections 2 and 3 we will discuss other interpretations of the major index in terms of restricted growth functions, rook placements and reduced matrices, as has been done by Milne [10], Garsia and Remmel [5], Wachs and White [13] and Leroux [8] for various versions of the inversion number. Since both inv and maj have the same distribution, there should be a bijection interchanging the two. Foata [3] gave such a map for permutations and we present the partition analog in Section 4. Next, we generalize both statistics using Rawlings' rmaj [11]. Section 6 considers joint distributions, yielding two new kinds of p, q-Stirling numbers. Finally, we end with some comments. Let !J = {l, 2, ... , n }. The set of all partitions of !J into k disjoint subsets or blocks will be denoted S(!J, k). Thus the ordinary Stirling numbers of the second kind are S(n, k) = IS(!J, k)I, where I· I denotes cardinality. The blocks of ;r E S(!J, k) will be written as capital letters separated by slashes, while elements of the blocks will be set in lower case. Furthermore, we will always put ;r = B ii B2 / • • • I Bk in standard form with min B 1 <min B2 <···<min Bk.
The Change in Thermal Energy which Accompanies a Change in Magnetization of Nickel.

A new method is described for measuring the very small changes in thermal energy which occur when the magnetization of a ferromagnetic substance is altered. The method is applied to an investigation of the phenomenon as it appears in a specimen of hard drawn nickel rod. As the nickel is carried through a half cycle of magnetization, commencing with maximum magnetization, the thermal energy decreases until (approximately) the knee of the hysteresis curve is reached. This is followed by a large increase as the steep part of the curve is traversed, and then by a much smaller increase as the half cycle is completed. The behavior of nickel is in contrast with that of carbon steel, for which Ellwood found an increase in thermal energy over the initial stage and a decrease over the final stage of this process.
In Defense of Incentive Compensation: Its Effect on Corporate Acquisition Policy

Financial economists have long recognized that compensation design, particularly the use of equity-based compensation, can provide strong motivation for corporate managers to make value-maximizing decisions. But the perception of excesses in equity-based pay for U.S. executives has become pervasive and has led many to question its efficacy. The fundamental problem is one of measurement–while it is relatively easy to measure the cost of equity-based compensation, it is difficult to determine the extent to which equitybased compensation actually causes managers to direct corporate resources into value-maximizing ventures. The authors of this article focus on corporate acquisition policy and argue that if equity-based pay is an effective motivator, it should limit management's inclination to overpay for acquisitions and to make unwise acquisitions. In their study of 1,719 mergers and tender offers over the period 1993–1998, the authors found that bidding companies with higher proportions of equity-based pay paid lower takeover premiums, acquired targets with stronger growth opportunities, and undertook acquisitions that were received more favorably by the market both upon announcement and over time.
Systematic comparison of consumer satisfaction of three cost-effective parent training programs for conduct problem children

This study compares consumer satisfaction of three cost-effective methods for training parents of conduct problem children. Seventy-nine mothers and 52 fathers completed weekly evaluations and extensive one-month posttreatment evaluations. One year later 84 percent of the mothers and 75 percent of the fathers completed the consumer follow-up evaluation. Results indicated that for all three programs both mothers and fathers reported comparatively similar and high levels of satisfaction with treatment which remained stable 1 year later. However, mothers trained via therapist-led group discussion and videotape modeling (GDVM) perceived more child improvements than did mothers trained with self-administered videotapes (IVM) or group discussion alone (GD). Mothers in GDVM and GD treatments perceived their treatment format as more useful and easier to implement than did IVM mothers without therapist-led group discussion. Fathers' satisfaction scores were less influenced by type of parent training method. There were significant differences for parents acceptability of specific techniques taught at both posttreatment assessments. Both parents reported that “Ignore” was the most difficult and least useful parents technique while “Reward” was the easiest, and “Reward” and “Time Out” were the most useful techniques. Mothers perceived significantly more difficulty than fathers with Play techniques and fathers more difficulty than mothers with the Command technique. There was only one treatment group by technique interaction which indicated that GDVM mothers perceived the techniques they learned as easier to implement than GD mothers immediately posttreatment and easier than both IVM and GD mothers at one-year assessment. Neither satisfaction with the specific treatment methods nor with specific techniques was differentially affected by parents' income level or social class.
Genetic variation among American seed sources of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle

Abstract Variability among and within seed sources of naturalized Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle in seed and height growth characteristics indicated that significant differences exist both at the seed source and between individual trees. Genetic variance was distributed in an approx. 1 : 2 ratio among seed sources and individual mother trees respectively. Results of the study suggest that artificial selection of ailanthus for breeding purposes would be most efficient if primary selection were directed toward individual trees.
Cadmium in corals as a tracer of historical upwelling and industrial fallout

Lattice-bound cadmium in scleractinian corals is a sensitive chemical tracer of historical natural and anthropogenic perturbations to the surface ocean. Cadmium, a biologically-mediated trace constituent of sea water, is distributed analogously to the nutrients, phosphate and nitrate. Under normal circumstances, biological activity depletes surface ocean nutrient and cadmium concentrations. Two corals we have analysed from the Galapagos Islands and North Rock, Bermuda, however, exhibit striking fluctuations in skeletal cadmium within the past century. These variations appear to have occurred in response to two separate phenomena: (1) variable upwelling at Galapagos (El Nino – Southern Oscillation events) and (2) aeolian fluxes of twentieth century, North American industrial cadmium to the western North Atlantic.
Machine analysis and recognition of social contexts

As computers move into the social spaces traditionally reserved for humans via mobile and ubiquitous computing, they must develop into socially intelligent machines. Social context information will allow current content-based approaches in the fields of social signal processing and affective computing to be placed in the appropriate setting. Analysis of multimodal data for social context recognition and the application of this information to other problems in the field of social signal processing is the research area discussed here. This paper explains the motivation and background for this research, provide details on some preliminary work, and outlines future plans. It concludes with some expected contributions to the field of social signal processing.
The ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network in medical care applications

As one of the most important technologies in the information era, Wireless Sensor Network has been widely used in medical and other various social fields. This paper described the various research applications of ZigBee-based Wireless Sensor Network technology in medical fields. Based on its low-power, low-cost, network flexibility and some other features, we presented the significance, the principle, and the latest research progress of ZigBee applications in the medical field. This paper also proposed the challenges faced in the ZigBee application and presented its development prospect and practical value in the medical field.
Characterization of S-AKAP84, a Novel Developmentally Regulated A Kinase Anchor Protein of Male Germ Cells

In mammalian spermatozoa, most of the type II alpha isoform of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKAII alpha) is anchored at the cytoplasmic surface of a specialized array of mitochondria in the flagellar cytoskeleton. This places the catalytic subunits of PKAII alpha in proximity with potential target substrates in the cytoskeleton. The mechanism by which PKAII alpha is anchored at the outer surface of germ cell mitochondria has not been elucidated. We now report the cloning of a cDNA that encodes a novel, germ cell A kinase anchor protein (AKAP) designated S-AKAP84. S-AKAP84 comprises 593 amino acids and contains a centrally located domain that avidly binds regulatory subunits (RII alpha and RII beta) of PKAII alpha and PKAII beta. The 3.2-kilobase S-AKAP84 mRNA and the cognate S-AKAP84 RII binding protein are expressed principally in the male germ cell lineage. Expression of S-AKAP84 is tightly regulated during development. The protein accumulates as spermatids undergo nuclear condensation and tail elongation. The timing of S-AKAP84 expression is correlated with the de novo accumulation of RII alpha and RII beta subunits and the migration of mitochondria from the cytoplasm (round spermatids) to the cytoskeleton (midpiece in elongating spermatids). Residues 1-30 at the NH2 terminus of S-AKAP84 constitute a putative signal/anchor sequence that may target the protein to the outer mitochondrial membrane. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that S-AKAP84 is co-localized with mitochondria in the flagellum.
Implementation and Validation of Dynamical Downscaling in a Microscale Simulation of a Lake Michigan Land Breeze

A nested numerical simulation of a land breeze observed over the western Lake Michigan shoreline was completed using the University of Wisconsin Nonhydrostatic Modeling System. This simulation was compared against observations obtained using a variety of instrumentation, most notably a scanning lidar system. The simulated land breeze is shown to closely represent the observations. Most notably, the influence of synoptic scale evolution on the strength and extent of the land breeze is illustrated to be a critical factor in accurately simulating the lifetime of the land breeze. Additionally, model resolution is shown to impact the ability of the simulation to accurately portray the fine scale features of the land breeze circulation, including the depth of the land breeze front and interactions between the land breeze and prevailing synoptic scale flow.
Orientation of hydrogen 2p after tilted-foil excitation

The circular polarization of Lyman-\ensuremath{\alpha} photons resulting from beam-tilted-foil excited H(2p) was measured at energies between 9 and 20 keV with foil tilt angles up to 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Various interaction models are used to fit the data, and their physical significance is discussed.
Analysis of T regulator cell surface markers and functional properties in multiple sclerosis

Abstract The relative proportions as well as cell surface and functional properties of T suppressor (T8 + ) and T helper (T4 + ) cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) of MS patients were analyzed. The proportion of T8 cells compared to normal controls was suggestively lower in patients during relapses and significantly lower in those with progressive disease. The density of T8 + antigen on cells of MS patients with active disease as measured by median fluorescence intensity (MFI) was also decreased compared to controls and stable MS patients. Using OKT8-mAb modulated MNCs as a model, we found that reduction of T8 antigen density results in substantial discrepancies between FACS and microscope methods for enumeration of T8 + cells. Levels of pokeweed mitogen-induced IgG secretion by MNCs of MS patients did not correlate with proportion of T8 + cells within the MNCs, but rather with the functional activity of the T8 + cells of given individuals, as tested in an in vitro suppressor assay using constant numbers of T8 + cells.
Estado y antropología en México y Estados Unidos: reflexiones sobre los Proyectos Tarascos

La relacion entre “el Estado y la antropologia”, particularmente en cuanto a su relevancia para el desarrollo del trabajo antropologico en Michoacan, puede ser entendida mediante un analisis del Proyecto Tarasco, que efectivamente incluyo distintos episodios de trabajo de campo y distintos propositos academicos y politicos. Estos proyectos –incluyendo los de Saenz en Carapan, Swadesh en Paracho, Beals en Cheran y Foster en Tzintzuntzan– representaron una convergencia producto de los intereses de los gobiernos de Mexico y Estados Unidos; una convergencia surgida, sin duda, de las circunstancias especiales de esa epoca, es decir, fines de la Gran Depresion y el periodo de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Estos trabajos se realizaron gracias al sustancial apoyo economico y logistico proveido por numerosas agencias gubernamentales, tanto en Mexico, como en Estados Unidos. En este sentido, los antropologos que participaron en el Proyecto Tarasco no fueron simples “intermediarios intelectuales”, sino “intermediarios institucionales” en su papel de agentes de sus respectivos gobiernos.
To “Educate their Volition to Dance in their Chains” Enfranchisement and Realignment in Britain, 1885-1950 Part II: The Triumph of the New Order, 1918-1950

Part I of this research examined the transformation of British politics in the 1885-1910 period: the expansion of suffrage in 1885, the incorporation of the newly enfranchised into political life, and the resulting changes in party alignments. Latent variable partial least-squares (LVPLS) algorithms generated dynamic across-time models of political change. These models were then tested with maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The research concluded that the seeds of realignment emerged in the period as the Labour movement successfully mobilized class voting while the Liberal party became progressively isolated from middle-class Nonconformism. Part II of the research examines the 1918-1950 period for further evidence of partisan realignment following the expansion of the electorate in 1918 and 1928 as Britain approached the “one adult, one value, one vote” ideal. LVPLS and ML models support the previous conclusions by highlighting the stability of party alignments during the period, which are increasingly sup...
Chromosome 6 encoded RNaseT2 protein is a cell growth regulator.

We have previously shown by chromosome transfer technique that chromosome 6 alters the phenotype of a variety of tumour cells and SV40 immortalized cells. We present here the phenotypic effects of the ectopic expression of RNaseT2, a highly conserved ribonuclease encoded by chromosome 6q27, in SV40 immortalized cell lines. We contrast our findings with those reported for ovarian carcinoma cell lines and an SV40 immortalized cell line transfected with RNaseT2. Although RNaseT2 expression is elevated in normal diploid fibroblasts approaching senescence (passage 64), forced expression of the gene in immortalized cells does not cause them to senesce. A significant reduction was observed in colony forming efficiency, anchorage independence and growth rate of cells transfected with RNaseT2. The levels of transcripts involved in Akt signalling pathway, cell cycle control and pathways related to cell proliferation decreased 2–10-folds in SV40 immortalized cells in response to RNaseT2 expression. Interestingly, some immortalized cells expressed alternatively spliced transcript variants instead of the full-length RNaseT2 transcript. Our results are consistent with the conclusion that RNaseT2 is a cell growth regulator and it does not induce senescence in SV40 immortalized cell lines.
Composition of soil seed banks in southern California coastal sage scrub and adjacent exotic grassland

Soil seed banks are important to many plant communities and are recognized as an important component of management plans. Understanding seed bank composition and density is especially important when communities have been invaded by exotic species and must be managed to promote desirable species. We examined germinable soil seed banks in southern California coastal sage scrub (CSS) that is heavily invaded by exotic grasses and in adjacent exotic grassland. Soils from both communities had similar seed banks, dominated by high densities of exotic grass and forb species. Up to 4,000 exotic grass seeds and at least 400 exotic forb seeds/m2 were found in most soils, regardless of aboveground vegetation type. Native forbs averaged 400 seeds/m2 in grass-dominated areas and about 800 in shrub-dominated soils. Shrub seed density was <1 and <10 seeds/m2 in grass- and shrub-dominated areas, respectively, indicating that the shrub seed bank is not persistent compared to annuals. We also compared pre- and post-burn soil seed banks from one location that burned in October 2003. Late-season burning in both grass- and CSS-dominated areas disproportionately reduced exotic grass seed densities relative to native seed densities. The similarity of the seed banks in adjacent grass and shrub communities suggests that without intervention, areas currently dominated by CSS may become more similar to grass-dominated areas in terms of aboveground vegetation. In such areas, the first growing season following a wildfire is a window of opportunity for increasing native diversity at a time when density of exotic grass seeds is low.
Molecular intermediates in glow discharge polymerization

Mass spectral analysis of gaseous effluents from glow discharge polymerization of propylene confirms the formation of molecular propyne as an intermediate in the polymerization reaction. Observation of oligomeric species of mass number 138 or higher at the lowest monomer feed rate of the study indicates that a certain fraction of polymerization occurs in the gas phase.
Summarization - compressing data into an informative representation

In this paper, we formulate the problem of summarization of a dataset of transactions with categorical attributes as an optimization problem involving two objective functions - compaction gain and information loss. We propose metrics to characterize the output of any summarization algorithm. We investigate two approaches to address this problem. The first approach is an adaptation of clustering and the second approach makes use of frequent item sets from the association analysis domain. We illustrate one application of summarization in the field of network data where we show how our technique can be effectively used to summarize network traffic into a compact but meaningful representation. Specifically, we evaluate our proposed algorithms on the 1998 DARPA Off-line Intrusion Detection Evaluation data and network data generated by SKAION Corp for the ARDA information assurance program.
Students' Expectations of Introductory Statistics Instructors.

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to talk to students about their experiences taking introductory statistics. The author met with eleven students individually for four interviews throughout the semester, followed by a memberchecking focus group during the last week of classes. One of the most salient themes to emerge was the students’ reliance on their instructor for feedback about performance, directions on taking notes, and the creation of a classroom environment that motivated them to study. As part of the phenomenological tradition, the author presents his own reflections based on these students’ comments. Conclusions include the encouragement of instructors to be more mindful of students’ reactions to course content, and suggestions for developing a more learner-centered learning environment.
Determining Short Fiber Content in Cotton Part II: Measures of SFC from HVI Data—Statistical Models

Based on large data sets from three consecutive cotton crop years, linear models for SFW and SFN in terms of the HVI length parameters have been developed. The necessity of modifying the Suter-Webb...
Press Freedom and the Democratic Peace

A persistent question in the study of international conflict centers on the role of democratic political institutions and the initiation of war. Several dyadic examinations of data on regime type and conflict reveal that democracies do not appear to fight one another. This article describes a mechanism within the structure of modern democracies and their foreign policy decision-making process that might explain how the interdemocratic peace functions. When a democracy faces a non-democracy in international conflict, the democratic leader can expect to be the dominant source of `legitimate' information for the domestic news media. As the dominant source of information, the leader can use the resources of his or her office to influence the news content to his or her domestic political benefit. Information reported from the government controlled media of non-democratic regimes is reported as propaganda and dismissed as such. In contrast, when two democracies come into conflict, the domestic news media on bot...