cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Holographic Algorithms (Extended Abstract)

We introduce a new notion of efficient reduction among computational problems. Classical reductions involve gadgets that map local solutions of one problem to local solutions of another in one-to-one, or possibly many-to-one or one-to-many, fashion. Our proposed reductions allow for gadgets with many-to-many correspondences. Their objective is to preserve the sum of the local solutions. Such reductions provide a method of translating a combinatorial problem to a family of finite systems of polynomial equations with integer coefficients such that the number of solutions of the combinatorial problem can be counted in polynomial time if some system in the family has a solution over the complex numbers. We can derive polynomial time algorithms in this way for ten problems for which only exponential time algorithms were known before. General questions about complexity classes are also formulated. If the method is applied to a #P-complete problem then we obtain families of polynomial systems such that the solvability of any one member would imply P^(#P) = NC2.
Regiochemical Control in the Metal-Catalyzed Transposition of Allylic Silyl Ethers

A novel mode of regiochemical control over the allylic [1,3]-transposition of silyloxy groups catalyzed by Re2O7 has been developed. This strategy relies on a cis-oriented vinyl boronate, generated from the Alder-ene reaction of homoallylic silyl ethers and alkynyl boronates, to trap out the allylic hydroxyl group. The resulting cyclic boronic acids are excellent partners for cross-coupling reactions. High chirality transfer is observed for the rearrangement of enantioenriched allylic silyl ethers.
Frequency optimization of parasitic superdirective two element arrays

Results with driven and superdirective two element copper arrays which demonstrate how frequency optimization affects the phase difference between the elements' currents are presented. The current phase differences resulting after parasitic superdirective array frequency optimization to the theoretical phase differences required for driven superdirectivity and to phase differences computationally determined to be optimal for particular driven superdirective arrays are compared. Comparisons are performed for both endfire directions with the parasitic element used as either a reflector or a director. The results illustrate that frequency shifting and optimization of the parasitic array changes the inter-element current phase difference to one closer to the theoretical and computational phase differences required for driven super directivity. While this phase difference is set in the driven superdirective array by varying the element excitations for each physical separation, in the parasitic array this phase difference can only be influenced by changing the element spacing or the array frequency. At each physical separation there are two optimal parasitic array frequencies which create either +/- the driven superdirective current phase difference. One frequency utilizes the parasitic element as a reflector while the other causes it to act as a director. The technique of frequency shifting a superdirective parasitic array to optimize gain is not limited to the electrically small superdirective parasitic arrays this effect was first noted in, but in fact seems to hold true for parasitic arrays in general as shown in the monopole example.
Extent of Anadromy in Bull Trout and Implications for Conservation of a Threatened Species

Abstract The use of radiotelemetry revealed that adult bull trout Salvelinus confluentus moved between freshwater and the Pacific Ocean and between watersheds along coastal Washington. Forty-seven of 82 radio-tagged bull trout implanted in the Hoh River and Kalaloch Creek basins were anadromous, and 23 fish were relocated in five different estuaries up to 47 km south of their tagging locations. Anadromous bull trout typically entered the Hoh River from May to July, ascended as far as 78 km upstream to spawning areas by September, and returned to the ocean to overwinter. This is the first study to verify that anadromy is a primary life history form in coastal bull trout. The presence of anadromy and the irregular periods of freshwater, estuarine, and marine residence observed in this study are consistent with observations reported for other Salvelinus species. These results also demonstrate that anadromous bull trout inhabit a diverse range of estuarine, freshwater, and marine habitats. Their affinity to e...
Effects of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin on insulin and glucagon secretion in the dog.

The effects of intravenous infusion of synthetic C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (OP-CCK) on concentrations of insulin and glucagon in peripheral venous plasma of conscious dogs were studied. Both hormones increased in response to 160 and 480 ng⁄kg⁄h of OP-CCK. The increases to 480 ng⁄kg⁄h were larger than those to 160 ng⁄kg⁄h. Peripheral venous concentrations of glucose and intestinal glucagon-like immunoreactivity were not altered by OP-CCK. OP-CCK, 160 ng⁄kg⁄h, did not enhance insulin and glucagon responses to intravenous infusion of amino acids. The results suggest that insulin- and glucagon-releasing actions of porcine cholecystokinin preparations should not be attributed entirely to gastric inhibitory polypeptide or other impurities contained in these preparations since the synthetic active fragment of cholecystokinin alone increases insulin and glucagon concentrations in peripheral plasma. (Endocrinology 97: 549, 1975)
Factors Associated With Physical Therapy Services Received for Individuals With Cerebral Palsy in an Outpatient Pediatric Medical Setting

Background Limited information is available regarding physical therapy use for individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, age, race, sex, and type of insurance with the total physical therapy units received over a 1-year period for individuals with CP in this outpatient pediatric medical setting. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods Four hundred twenty-five individuals with CP (GMFCS level I, 36%; level II, 15%; level III, 13%; level IV, 19%; and level V, 17%) were identified retrospectively through their electronic medical records. A one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) was performed for each explanatory variable followed by a multiway ANOVA that adjusted for other variables to find the best model to explain total physical therapy units received. Results A significant difference in total therapy units received was found among GMFCS levels (F=6.91; df =4,420; P <.001), age groups (F=4.76; df =3,421; P =.028), and type of insurance (F=8.09; df =2,422; P =.004). No significant difference in physical therapy received was found for the factors of sex and race. The final multifactorial model indicates a significant main effect of insurance and a GMFCS by age interaction accounting for 19% of the variability (F=4.45; df =21,403; P <.001). Limitations This study is cross-sectional and examines physical therapy services received in a pediatric medical setting in 1 geographic region of the United States. Conclusions The results of this study provide insight into how therapy received varies for individuals with CP. Future studies should evaluate additional variables that may affect physical therapy services received.
Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the mouse IKBKAP gene.

The autosomal recessive disorder familial dysautonomia (FD) has recently been demonstrated to be caused by mutations in the IKBKAP gene, so named because an initial report suggested that it encoded an IkB kinase complex associated protein (IKAP). Two mutations in IKBKAP have been reported to cause FD. The major mutation is a T ! C transition in the donor splice site of intron 20 and the minor mutation is a missense mutation in exon 19 that disrupts a consensus serine/threonine kinase phosphorylation site. We have characterized the cDNA sequences of the mouse, rat and rabbit IKBKAP-encoded mRNAs and determined the genomic organization and chromosomal location of mouse IKBKAP. There is significant homology in the amino acid sequence of IKAP across species and the serine/threonine kinase phosphorylation site altered in the minor FD mutation of IKAP is conserved. The mouse and human IKBKAP genes exhibit significant conservation of their genomic organization and the intron 20 donor splice site sequence, altered in the major FD mutation, is conserved in the human and mouse genes. Mouse IKBKAP is located on the central portion of chromosome 4 and maps to a region in which there is conserved linkage homology between the human and mouse genomes. The homologies observed in the human and mouse sequences should allow, through the process of homologous recombination, for the generation of mice that bear the IKBKAP mutations present in individuals with FD. The characterization of such mice should provide significant information regarding the pathophysiology of FD. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Enabling social dimensions of learning through a persistent, unified, massively multi-user, and self-organizing virtual environment

Existing online learning experiences lack the social dimension that characterizes learning in the real world. This social dimension extends beyond the traditional classroom into the university's common areas where learners build knowledge and understanding through serendipitous and collaborative exchanges both within and across traditional subject area boundaries. A next generation virtual learning environment (VLE) can address the limitations of current online systems by providing a richer social context for online learning. We describe the end-user properties of a highly-scalable self-organizing Croquet-based VLE that fosters dynamic group learning experiences and the development of communities of practice. This proposed VLE provides the capacity to merge the institutional infrastructure for academic computing, enterprise-level networks, Squeak/Croquet-based content authoring, and the educational principles of constructivist pedagogy.
Brain Aging and Midlife Tofu Consumption

Objective: To examine associations of midlife tofu consumption with brain function and structural changes in late life.Methods: The design utilized surviving participants of a longitudinal study established in 1965 for research on heart disease, stroke, and cancer. Information on consumption of selected foods was available from standardized interviews conducted 1965–1967 and 1971–1974. A 4-level composite intake index defined “low-low” consumption as fewer than two servings of tofu per week in 1965 and no tofu in the prior week in 1971. Men who reported two or more servings per week at both interviews were defined as “high-high” consumers. Intermediate or less consistent “low” and “high” consumption levels were also defined. Cognitive functioning was tested at the 1991–1993 examination, when participants were aged 71 to 93 years (n=3734). Brain atrophy was assessed using neuroimage (n=574) and autopsy (n=290) information. Cognitive function data were also analyzed for wives of a sample of study participan...
An Analysis of Waste Package Behavior for High-Level Waste

A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the impact of the containment time criterion on compliance with the Environmental Protection Agency Draft Standard when using temperature-dependent leach rates. The results of this analysis indicate that canister design life can be shown to be important when the effects of temperature on leach rates are taken into account.
The Effects of Double-Epilayer Structure on Threshold Voltage of Ultralow Voltage Trench Power MOSFET Devices

The effect of double-epilayer structure on threshold voltage (V th) has been investigated for p-channel low-voltage (Vds ) trench power MOSFET devices. By fabricating the device in an intrinsic epilayer grown on the top of a highly doped epilayer, the sensitivity of Vth to the epidoping concentration has been significantly reduced. This reduction is attributed to the fact that in the double-epilayer structure, the compensation effect of epidoping concentration (NA) is minimized. The Vth variation (sigmaVth standard deviation) shows a strong dependence on the intrinsic epilayer thickness (t, in micrometers) as: sigmaVth = 2.4 times 105-7.1, while the device-specific on-resistance (sp-Rdson) is linearly proportional to the intrinsic layer thickness. This intrinsic epilayer can thus be utilized to minimize the boron up-diffusion from both the first epilayer and the substrate and further reduces Vth variation. For the p-channel device with a Vds of 12 V, a 50% lower sigmaVth has been achieved while maintaining at least the same sp-Rdson with the optimized double-epilayer structure which consists of a 4-mum-thick intrinsic layer and a 2.6-mum-thick first doped epilayer (at 4 times 1017 cm-3 or 0.07 Omegamiddotcm). Compared to the single epilayer, the double-epilayer structure also leads to 14% higher device output saturation current and shows the body junction much closer to ideal characteristics (abrupt). This structure enables further reductions of both power consumption and Vth for ultralow voltage power MOSFET
Comparison of a Household Consumption and Expenditures Survey with Nationally Representative Food Frequency Questionnaire and 24-hour Dietary Recall Data for Assessing Consumption of Fortifiable Foods by Women and Young Children in Cameroon.

Background:Household Consumption and Expenditures Surveys (HCES) are potential sources of data on dietary patterns for planning fortification programs, but they rarely have been compared with indiv...
Predictable Interrupt Management and Scheduling in the Composite Component-Based System

This paper presents the design of user-level scheduling hierarchies in the composite component-based system. The motivation for this is centered around the design of a system that is both dependable and predictable, and which is configurable to the needs of specific applications. Untrusted application developers can safely develop services and policies, that are isolated in protection domains outside the kernel. To ensure predictability, composite needs to enforce timing control over user-space services. Moreover, it must provide a means by which asynchronous events, such as interrupts, are handled in a timely manner without jeopardizing the system. Towards this end, we describe the features of composite that allow user-defined scheduling policies to be composed for the purposes of combined interrupt and task management. A significant challenge arises from the need to synchronize access to shared data structures (e.g., scheduling queues), without allowing untrusted code to disable interrupts or use atomic instructions that lock the memory bus. Additionally, efficient upcall mechanisms are needed to deliver asynchronous event notifications in accordance with policy-specific priorities, without undue recourse to schedulers. We show how these issues are addressed in Composite, by comparing several hierarchies of scheduling polices, to manage both tasks and the interrupts on which they depend. Studies show how it is possible to implement guaranteed differentiated services as part of the handling of I/O requests from a network device while avoiding livelock. Microbenchmarks indicate that the costs of implementing and invoking user-level schedulers in composite are on par with, or less than, those in other systems, with thread switches more than twice as fast as in Linux.
PALS: An Or-Parallel Implementation of Prolog on Beowulf Architectures

This paper describes the development of the PALS system, an implementation of Prolog that efficiently exploits or-parallelism on share-nothing platforms. PALS makes use of a novel technique, called incremental stack-splitting. The technique builds on the stack-splitting approach, which in turn is an evolution of the stack-copying method used in a variety of parallel logic systems. This is the first distributed implementation based on the stack-splitting method ever realized. Experimental results obtained on a Beowulf system are presented and analyzed.
Longitudinal Predictors of School-age Academic Achievement: Unique Contributions of Toddler-age Aggression, Oppositionality, Inattention, and Hyperactivity

This project examined the unique predictive validity of parent ratings of toddler-age aggression, oppositionality, inattention, and hyperactivity-impulsivity to academic achievement at school-age in a sample of 566 high-risk children and families. The study also investigated potential indirect effects of the Family Check-Up on school-age academic achievement through changes in child behavior problems. The results demonstrated that toddler-age aggression was most consistently associated with school-age academic achievement, albeit modestly. Moreover, findings showed that the intervention predicted greater decreases in aggression from ages 2–3 to 4–5 compared to controls. The results suggest that in high-risk toddler-aged children, aggression may be a more consistent predictor of school-age academic achievement than other externalizing dimensions, which has implications for early identification and efforts to promote children’s adaptation.
Direct observation of hydrogen adsorption sites and nanocage formation in metal-organic frameworks.

Zn 0.29385 0.20615 0.20615 0.0080 O1 0.25000 0.25000 0.25000 0.0047 O2 0.28067 0.21934 0.13334 0.0079 C1 0.25000 0.25000 0.11183 0.0070 C2 0.25000 0.25000 0.05334 0.0064 C3 0.28261 0.21739 0.02665 0.0075 D1 0.30869 0.19131 0.04833 0.0214 x y z uiso MOF5
Code and context: Prochlorococcus as a model for cross-scale biology

Prochlorococcus is a simple cyanobacterium that is abundant throughout large regions of the oceans, and has become a useful model for studying the nature and regulation of biological diversity across all scales of complexity. Recent work has revealed that environmental factors such as light, nutrients and predation influence diversity in different ways, changing our image of the structure and dynamics of the global Prochlorococcus population. Advances in metagenomics, transcription profiling and global ecosystem modeling promise to deliver an even greater understanding of this system and further demonstrate the power of cross-scale systems biology.
On the Stability of the Mechanical Properties of Self-Curing Acrylic Bone Cement.

Abstract : The effect of storage for periods up to two years in bovine serum at 37C on the mechanical properties of Simplex and CMW bone cements was studied. No significant deterioration was detected either in static properties or in compressional fatigue behavior. The data on compressional fatigue suggest that working stresses in the cement be limited to less than 1.4 x 10 to minus eight dynes/sq cm to insure long-term viability of any design or implantation technique. (Author)
Method for Correcting Magnetic Resonance Image Distortion for Frame-Based Stereotactic Surgery, with Preliminary Results

We previously described a technique for correcting patient-specific magnetic field inhomogeneity spatial distortion in magnetic resonance images (MRI), which was not applicable to patients fitted with MRI-compatible stereotactic fiducial frames. Here we describe an improvement to the technique that permits application for these patients. Measurements with a cadaver head show that this method achieves MRI stereotactic localization accuracy of 1 mm.
DP+IP = design of efficient backup scheduling

Many industries experience an explosion in digital content. This explosion of electronic documents, along with new regulations and document retention rules, sets new requirements for performance efficiency of traditional data protection and archival tools. During a backup session a predefined set of objects (client filesystems) should be backed up. Traditionally, no information on the expected duration and throughput requirements of different backup jobs is provided. This may lead to a suboptimal job schedule that results in the increased backup session time. In this work, we characterize each backup job via two metrics, called job duration and job throughput. These metrics are derived from collected historic information about backup jobs during previous backup sessions. Our goal is to automate the design of a backup schedule that minimizes the overall completion time for a given set of backup jobs. This problem can be formulated as a resource constrained scheduling problem where a set of n jobs should be scheduled on m machines with given capacities. We provide an integer programming (IP) formulation of this problem and use available IP-solvers for finding an optimized schedule, called binpacking schedule. Performance benefits of the new bin-packing schedule are evaluated via a broad variety of realistic experiments using backup processing data from six backup servers in HP Labs. The new bin-packing job schedule significantly optimizes the backup session time (20%–60% of backup time reduction). HP Data Protector (DP) is HP's enterprise backup offering and it can directly benefit from the designed technique. Moreover, significantly reduced backup session times guarantee an improved resource/power usage of the overall backup solution.
Reference service in Second Life: an overview

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how reference service is provided in the 3D virtual world, Second Life (SL), and to further the professional understanding of the newest reference “frontier” and its impact on the library reference world.Design/methodology/approach – A survey study was conducted to examine the nature and practice of reference service provided by volunteer reference practitioners in SL. Different aspects of SL reference were studied, including types of reference questions, types of reference sources, communication methods, reference competencies and differences between SL reference and real life reference.Findings – The paper reveals that, as an independent service point, the SL reference desk serves mostly SL‐related information needs and reference librarians rely heavily on their personal knowledge to answer users' questions. One distinct feature of the SL reference desk is its social nature. It functions both as a place for social gathering and a place for...
A New Algorithm for Predicting Time to Disease Endpoints in Alzheimer's Disease Patients

Background: The ability to predict the length of time to death and institutionalization has strong implications for Alzheimer’s disease patients and caregivers, health policy, economics, and the design of intervention studies. Objective: To develop and validate a prediction algorithm that uses data from a single visit to estimate time to important disease endpoints for individual Alzheimer’s disease patients. Method: Two separate study cohorts (Predictors 1, N = 252; Predictors 2, N = 254), all initially with mild Alzheimer’s disease, were followed for 10 years at three research centers with semiannual assessments that included cognition, functional capacity, and medical, psychiatric, and neurologic information. The prediction algorithm was based on a longitudinal Grade of Membership model developed using the complete series of semiannually-collected Predictors 1 data. The algorithm was validated on the Predictors 2 data using data only from the initial assessment to predict separate survival curves for three outcomes. Results: For each of the three outcome measures, the predicted survival curves fell well within the 95% confidence intervals of the observed survival curves. Patients were also divided into quintiles for each endpoint to assess the calibration of the algorithm for extreme patient profiles. In all cases, the actual and predicted survival curves were statistically equivalent. Predictive accuracy was maintained even when key baseline variables were excluded, demonstrating the high resilience of the algorithm to missing data. Conclusion: The new prediction algorithm accurately predicts time to death, institutionalization, and need for full-time care in individual Alzheimer’s disease patients; it can be readily adapted to predict other important disease endpoints. The algorithm will serve an unmet clinical, research, and public health need.
Flow rate, syringe size and architecture are critical to start-up performance of syringe pumps.

SummaryBackground and objective:Significant start-up delays are inherent to syringe infusion pumps, particularly at low infusion rates, as routinely used in children's anaesthesia and intensive care. Such delays are mainly the result of engagement of gears in the mechanical drive or compliance of th
Are running speeds maximized with simple-spring stance mechanics?

Are the fastest running speeds achieved using the simple-spring stance mechanics predicted by the classic spring-mass model? We hypothesized that a passive, linear-spring model would not account fo...
Modeling wide bandgap GaInP photovoltaic cells for conversion efficiencies up to 16.5

Here we consider how to accurately model and design wide bandgap (Eg = 2.1 eV) GaInP photovoltaic cells. Detailed absorption data for the Ga-rich alloy is obtained by extrapolating literature values for InP and Ga0.5In0.5P. We then combined these values with estimates of carrier lifetime (0.1 ns) and interface recombination (9×105 cm/s) to construct detailed electro-optical models. They are found to accurately reproduce the EQE, Jsc, and Voc observed in published experimental devices. Small discrepancies of 0.1% are caused by slight differences in optical constants and interface recombination. This modeling process illustrates the major sources of loss, namely interface recombination between the emitter and window layer and low bulk minority carrier lifetimes in the active region. An improved design is also proposed, which involves adjusting the doping and thickness of key layers. These findings will help define a path towards increasing the performance of these wide bandgap cells to approach their theoretical limit - approximately 16.5%.
A new FDTD stencil for reduced numerical anisotropy in the computer modeling of wave phenomena: Research Articles

An isotropic finite difference scheme is utilized for the development of a new stencil for the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation. The key attribute of the new stencil is the improved isotropy of the numerical phase velocity at fairly moderate spatial sampling of the fields. More specifically, for a given phase velocity anisotropy error, the new stencil requires a much coarser grid than the one required by the standard, second-order accurate FDTD stencil. This, in turn, amounts to gains in computational resources when transient electromagnetic interactions in electrically-large domains are being modeled. The numerical attributes of the proposed stencil, namely, its dispersion, anisotropy and stability, are presented in the context of its application to the numerical simulation of two-dimensional transient electromagnetic wave propagation. Through a series of numerical studies, the enhanced isotropy provided by the proposed scheme is demonstrated and contrasted in a quantitative manner to that of the standard FDTD stencil. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2007.
The Familiar Path of Health Care Reform

More than three years deep into the Affordable Care Act, 13 months since the United States Supreme Court confirmed its constitutionality, and almost ten months after the American public approved reform through the Electoral College, modern American health care is now poised to shine or make its claim as a historical disaster. As the nation prepares for the health insurance exchange, the next few months shall prove critical in determining the trajectory – and thus the fate – of our health care system, and we would be remiss not to notice the storm clouds forming overhead. These seemingly contradictory elements force those in the industry to ask the question: Is modern American health care truly at a strange new crossroads, or have we as a nation traveled this path before?
Adolescents' attitudes toward antimarijuana ads, usage intentions, and actual marijuana usage

The association of adolescents' appraisals of the antimarijuana TV ads used in the National Youth Antidrug Media Campaign with future marijuana use was investigated. The 12- to 18-year-old respondents (N = 2,993) were first classified as users, resolute nonusers, or vulnerable nonusers (Crano, Siegel, Alvaro, Lac, & Hemovich, 2008). Usage status and the covariates of gender, age, and attitudes toward marijuana were used to predict attitudes toward the ads (Aad) in the first phase of a multilevel linear analysis. All covariates were significantly associated with Aad, as was usage status: Resolute nonusers evaluated the ads significantly more positively than vulnerable nonusers and users (all ps < .001), who did not differ. In the second phase, the covariates along with Aad and respondents' usage status predicted intentions and actual usage 1 year after initial measurement. The lagged analysis disclosed negative associations between Aad and usage intentions and between Aad and actual marijuana use (both ps < .05); however, this association held only for users (p < .01), not vulnerable or resolute nonusers. Users who reported more positive attitudes toward the ads were less likely to report intention to use marijuana and to continue marijuana use at 1-year follow-up. These findings may inform designers of persuasion-based prevention campaigns, guiding preimplementation efforts in the design of ads that targeted groups find appealing and thus, influential.
Investigation of Fe-Ni-Al2O3 Anodes for Aluminum Production

In this paper, electrolysis tests were carried out for analyzing the gas purities evolving from the cup-shaped Fe-Ni-Al2O3 anodes, which were made by slip casting. The oxygen purity of the collecting anodic gas detected by Orsat apparatus was in an interval of 98–100%. SEM and XRD results showed that Fe-Ni-Al2O3 anode surface formed a layer that consisted of FeAl2O4, NiO, and Al2O3 mainly, as well as small amounts of metal phase Ni3Al.
Preliminary colonoscopy facilitates retrograde double-balloon enteroscopy

Background and study aims: Retrograde double-balloon enteroscopy (RDBE) has a high failure rate due to difficulty intubating the ileo-cecal (IC) valve. We examined the utility of a pre-RDBE colonoscopy using a pediatric colonoscope to clean the cecum and perform an initial intubation of the IC valve. Patients and methods: This study is a retrospective review of RDBE procedures for 45 patients at a single tertiary-care center to examine the success of IC intubation, maximal depth of enteroscope insertion, and duration of the procedure. Results: The IC intubation success rate among patients who underwent RDBE using this novel method was 100 % as compared to 72.7 % using the traditional method ( P Conclusions: RDBE preceded by colonoscopy had a significantly higher IC intubation success rate, compared to RDBEs performed using the traditional method. Results support the use of this novel method when IC valve intubation using standard methods is difficult, and it may limit the need for repeat procedures or the use of other modalities for examining the small bowel.
Evaluation of a New Latex Agglutination Method for Detection of Antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae

We evaluated the latex agglutination procedure that detects antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and compared this procedure with complement fixation (CF). Among 152 serum samples tested, 26 were positive by CF, of which 25 were positive by latex. Seven samples were negative by CF and positive by latex. All discordant results were retested by indirect fluorescent antibody.
Cytologic diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism. Report of a case with a unique cytologic feature and emphasis on the difficulty of eliminating squamous contamination

A case of amniotic fluid embolism diagnosed cytologically from maternal right heart blood in a patient who survived is presented. Eosinophilic granular material with adherent leukocytes was present in abundance. This material has not been previously described in this setting. The difficulty in eliminating squamous contaminants, which might easily be interpreted as originating from the amniotic fluid, is discussed.
A Catalog of Patterns for Program Generation.

Generation of source code is becoming a more and more important tool for software engineering, especially in the context of model drien development and MDA. While it is possible in theory to „generate code“ just using printf, this approach is insufficient in all but the most trivial cases. However, there are several alternatives. This paper introduces a set of patterns that describe the most commonly used source code generation techniques. That can be used for model transformations, model-to-source generation or source code transformation. It also contains large amount of examples that show how different tools realize the patterns.
Management of systemic candidal infections in the intensive care unit

Risk factors and treatment strategies for systemic candidal infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) are discussed. The past two decades have seen a dramatic increase in the frequency of infections caused by Candida species. Risk factors associated with candidemia include treatment with multiple antimicrobials for extended periods, presence of central venous catheters, total parenteral nutrition, colonization by Candida species, abdominal surgery, prolonged stay in the ICU, and compromised immune status. Since the 1960s, conventional amphotericin B has been the primary treatment option for fungal infections. Although effective, amphotericin B has extensive toxicity. Three lipid-based formulations of amphotericin B have been developed in an attempt to decrease nephrotoxicity and improve drug delivery. Practitioners have also been offered alternatives by the introduction of less toxic azole antifungals, such as ketoconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole; however, their widespread use has resulted in other problems, such as the selection of resistant isolates. There is controversy concerning fluconazole's effectiveness. In the treatment of systemic candidal infections, especially in critically ill patients. Clinical trials do not support the prophylactic or empirical use of fluconazole in the ICU. Treating patients who have no microbiological evidence of infection provides no therapeutic benefit and shifts the fungal flora to noncandidal strains that are more resistant to fluconazole. Patients in ICUs are often susceptible to systemic candidal infection. Preemptive therapy with fluconazole may reduce mortality in high-risk patients. Fluconazole and amphotericin B appear equally effective in treating established systemic candidal infections.
Legislative Leviathan: Controlling the Legislative Agenda

Where is democracy? Where is open debate? Where is the free flow of ideas? Not one amendment will be able to be offered to anything the Republicans do today. – David Bonior (D-MI) The introduction to this part of the book asked whether committees were agents of the House, of the majority party, or of no one but themselves. It is uncontroversial to say that committees are in principle agents of the House. It is, after all, the House that decides whether there will be any committees at all and, if so, determines their jurisdictions, staff allowances, party ratios, and everything else of consequence. The very word committee originally denoted a person (later, a group) to whom some charge, trust, or function had been committed. The argument is over who exercises the power that the House undoubtedly possesses. The committee government model essentially argues that no one group or coalition is able to use this power effectively; it is so little exercised that committees might just as well be taken as autonomous. We argue, in contrast, that the most important function of the majority party is precisely to seize the House's power to structure the committee system. The rest of this chapter deals with three questions that naturally arise regarding our claims. First, how does the majority party use the structuring power of the House to influence the committee system? Second, what are the consequences of this structural power?
Improved pileup rejection for germanium gamma-ray detectors by combined interval and pulse width inspection

Summary form only given, as follows. Preliminary studies have measured the improvement in pileup rejection (PUR) in systems combining the usual time-interval inspection (TII) with the pulse-width inspection (PWI). A common problem with commercial systems is that the pulse pair resolution of the TII-based PUR has been emphasized, giving maximum reduction of the sum peaks and background continuum, but producing inferior reduction of high-energy tailing-which for accurate gamma-ray spectrometry is usually important. The basic conclusion of the study is that the addition of PWI allows optimizing the TII circuitry to give optimum reduction of high-energy tailing while producing even better continuum and sum-peak reductions (by up to factor of approximately 5) than can TII alone. It is clear that PUR systems using combined TII and PWI can be significantly enhanced through improvement in the preamplifier output form, through improved fast pulse forming electronics, and through more sophisticated pulse-width analysis. >
A Dual-Color Reporter Assay of Cohesin-Mediated Gene Regulation in Budding Yeast Meiosis

In this chapter, we describe a quantitative fluorescence-based assay of gene expression using the ratio of the reporter green fluorescence protein (GFP) to the internal red fluorescence protein (RFP) control. With this dual-color heterologous reporter assay, we have revealed cohesin-regulated genes and discovered a cis-acting DNA element, the Ty1-LTR, which interacts with cohesin and regulates gene expression during yeast meiosis. The method described here provides an effective cytological approach for quantitative analysis of global gene expression in budding yeast meiosis.
3D Printing Prototypes for Healthcare Professionals: Creating a Reciprocating Syringe

3D printing (additive manufacturing) has been around since 1984, but interest in the technology has increased exponentially as it has become both accessible and inexpensive. The applications of the technology in healthcare are still being explored; however, initial forays have been encouraging. It has the potential to revolutionize the process of prototyping for healthcare professionals by democratizing the process and enhancing collaboration, making it cheaper to do iterative prototyping with little or no engineering experience. This case report details the creation of a multi-lumen reciprocating syringe with 3D printing. The product has been created and tested using a variety of publicly available resources. It provides a detailed overview of the approach and the framework required to create such a medical device. However, the implications of this report are much larger than this one product, and the fundamental ideas discussed here could be used for creating customized solutions for many healthcare problems.
Comparison of Specific Fainting Characteristics Between Youth With Tilt-Induced Psychogenic Nonsyncopal Collapse Versus Reflex Syncope.

Little is known about the predictive features of psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse (PNSC). The aim of the present study was to compare the self-reported fainting characteristics between young patients who were ultimately diagnosed with PNSC with those ultimately diagnosed with neurally mediated syncope and to determine which features were predictive of either diagnosis. A prospective study was conducted of sequential patients referred for fainting. All study data were obtained before testing or diagnosis. Several fainting characteristics were compared between cohorts including numbers of lifetime fainting episodes, fainting frequency the week before evaluation, fainting duration, numbers of fainting spells in a single day, presence of presyncope, types of prodromal symptoms, tearfulness with fainting, and the numbers of emergency department visits and hospital admission for fainting. During the study period, 52 patients were diagnosed with PNSC, producing a diagnostic rate of 18.9%. In univariate analyses, multiple features differed between patients with PNSC and those with syncope. After controlling for age and gender in a multivariate analysis, each of the following predicted PNSC: ≥20 lifetime fainting spells (p = 0.005), ≥2 fainting spells in a single day (p = 0.03), self-reported loss of consciousness ≥2 minutes (p = 0.01), and tearfulness associated with fainting (p = 0.022). Two or more typical prodromal symptoms (p = 0.004) predicted syncope. In conclusion, several characteristics related to fainting have predictive value in distinguishing PNSC from syncope, particularly among youth. Assessing these clinical features can help to inform appropriate testing and accurate diagnosis among patients who faint.
Changing resistant audience attitudes using social judgment theory’s “anchor” point perspectives

Courses: Public Speaking, Business and Professional Communication, Persuasion, or any other skill-based oral communication course.Objectives: Students will practice the development and demonstration of persuasive arguments in this single-class social judgment theory activity to improve their ability to change resistant audience attitudes.
In vivo assessment of oxygen consumption via Deuterium Magnetic Resonance

We present a novel approach to simultaneously measure, in vivo, noninvasively, glucose and oxygen consumption via Deuterium Magnetic Resonance (DMR). Mice are administered deuteriated glucose by intravenous injection. The rate of formation of nascent (deuteriated) mitochondrial water is then measured via DMR. The rate of glucose metabolism and oxygen utilization is assessed by tracking their separate peaks in DMR spectra during dynamic scanning. Further studies will aim to validate these results by comparison with in vivo 17O-MRI (mitochondrial function), 13C-MRI and 19FDG-PET (glucose metabolism) and ex vivo 1H- and 2H-MR, as well as mass spectrometry.1
Implicit and Explicit Memory Factors in Cumulative Structural Priming

Although researchers have argued that short-term structural priming is driven by both implicit and explicit memory processes, accounts of longer-term structural priming tend to focus on implicit memory processes. We explore this claim in five experiments. In the first two experiments, we replicate the finding that stronger cumulative structural priming is observed for the prepositional object (PO) construction than for the double object (DO) construction. The next three experiments explore the possibility that explicit memory effects may contribute to cumulative priming. The results of these experiments suggest that any explicit memory effects on cumulative priming are likely to be very weak. We conclude by conducting an analysis across all 5 experiments, and find that an examination of individual participants’ base rates of DO production helps to explain the circumstances under which cumulative priming for the DO and PO will be observed.
Library Development of Scholarly Output Measurement Tool

ABSTRACTA significant measure of academic productivity of any institution is the annual output of peer-reviewed publications. Accurately reporting scholarly output by an academic medical center can be a daunting task as there are many variables and numerous definitions to consider. This article describes an enhancement of the existing author-level, unit-of-measure method used to identify and quantify scholarly productivity of the physician faculty and housestaff. This institution is characterized as having a pluralistic medical model that is defined as health care setting that utilizes various physician staffing models. Staffing models include academic faculty physicians, private practice physicians, and various medical groups. A pluralistic model adds to the challenge as various groups have different characteristics related to reporting purposes. This project will be useful to other medical librarians who are increasingly asked to provide systematic reporting of scholarly output and impact to stakeholder...
Oligomeric tau-targeted immunotherapy in Tg4510 mice

Finding ways to reverse or prevent the consequences of pathogenic tau in the brain is of considerable importance for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies. Immunotherapy against tau has shown promise in several mouse models. In particular, an antibody with selectivity for oligomeric forms of tau, tau oligomer monoclonal antibody (TOMA), has shown rescue of the behavioral phenotype in several murine models of tau deposition. In this study, we examined the capacity of TOMA to rescue the behavioral, histological, and neurochemical consequences of tau deposition in the aggressive Tg4510 model. We treated mice biweekly with 60 μg TOMA i.p. from 3.5 to 8 months of age. Near the end of the treatment, we found that oligomeric tau was elevated in both the CSF and in plasma. Further, we could detect mouse IgG in Tg4510 mouse brain after TOMA treatment, but not after injection with mouse IgG1 as control. However, we did not find significant reductions in behavioral deficits or tau deposits by either histological or biochemical measurements. These data suggest that there is some exposure of the Tg4510 mouse brain to TOMA, but it was inadequate to affect the phenotype in these mice at the doses used. These data are consistent with other observations that the rapidly depositing Tg4510 mouse is a challenging model in which to demonstrate efficacy of tau-lowering treatments compared to some other preclinical models of tau deposition/overexpression.
Towards Understanding Student's Mental Effort in Block- Based Programming Environments Using Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Block-based programming environments such as Scratch and App Inventor are currently being used by millions of students around the world. Although block-based programming environments were created to make computing concepts simpler for students to understand and visualize, students continue to struggle with understanding some basic Computer Science (CS) concepts [1]. My research focuses on understanding how students interact and learn computing concepts in block-based programming environments from a cognitive perspective. In particular, I am using neurophysiological devices, electroencephalography (EEG), to measures students' mental efforts that is attention and perception during programming tasks.
Chemical Probes for Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress.

Abstract Significance: Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate redox signaling cascades that are critical to numerous physiological and pathological processes. Analytical methods to monitor cellular ROS levels and proteomic platforms to identify oxidative post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are critical to understanding the triggers and consequences of redox signaling. Recent Advances: The prevalence and significance of redox signaling has recently been illuminated through the use of chemical probes that allow for sensitive detection of cellular ROS levels and proteomic dissection of oxidative PTMs directly in living cells. Critical Issues: In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of chemical probes that are available for monitoring ROS and oxidative PTMs, and we highlight the advantages and limitations of these methods. Future Directions: Despite significant advances in chemical probes, the low levels of cellular ROS and low stoichiometry of oxidative PTMs present challe...