cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Domain Structure and Magnetic Anisotropy in Ga1-xMnxAs

Large, well defined magnetic domains, on the scale of hundreds of micrometers, are observed in Ga1-xMnxAs epilayers using a high-resolution magneto-optical imaging technique. The orientations of the magnetic moments in the domains clearly show in-plane magnetic anisotropy, which changes through a second-order transition from a biaxial mode (easy axes nearly along [100] and [010]) at low temperatures to an unusual uniaxial mode (easy axis along [110]) as the temperature increases above about Tc/2. This transition is a result of the interplay between the natural cubic anisotropy of the GaMnAs zinc-blende structure and a uniaxial anisotropy, which we attribute to the effects of surface reconstruction.
Overcoming sociodemographic factors in the care of testicular cancer patients at a safety net hospital.

398Background: Optimal treatment of GCT in underserved populations is subject to barriers that are associated with worse clinical outcomes. We determine whether standardized treatment of GCT can ov...
Chapter 76 – Wound Repair: Basic Biology to Tissue Engineering

Despite rapid progress in our understanding of wound pathobiology, transformative developments in the care of acute and chronic cutaneous wounds have been elusive. Thus, patient quality of life remains poor and the economic burden remains enormous. Although several natural and engineered skin substitutes are commercially available, many contain tissue cells or cell remnants, which make quality control difficult, shelf-life under ambient conditions short, or user interface less than friendly. Similar problems exist if stem cells are added to wounds. Over the past decade much work has been done to develop new biomaterials for tissue-engineered skin substitutes and/or stem cell implantation, however, the ability to limit tissue inflammation, inhibit tissue injury progression, and enhance new tissue development in a regenerative, rather than reparative, scar-forming pathway, remains obscure. In this chapter, the normal and abnormal pathobiology of cutaneous wounds will be discussed as well as some of the advances in tissue engineering of skin substitutes, biomaterials, stem cell biology and bioactives as regulators of wound healing or, preferably, regeneration.
Live-Load Response of Eyebars on a 110-Year-Old Steel Truss Railroad Bridge

AbstractEyebars commonly were used as tension members in steel truss railroad bridges, frequently installed in sets of two or more. Eyebars were favored by engineers because they (1) were easy to f...
Effect of Shortening Carbon Nanotubes on Carbon Nanotube Dispersion, Damage and Mechanical Behavior of Carbon Nanotube-Metal Matrix Nanocomposites

Carbon nanotube dispersion in metallic matrices has been a challenge for many years. This paper investigates for the first time whether shortened carbon nanotubes as a starting material could promote improved carbon nanotube dispersion and promote less carbon nanotube damage when dispersed in metals. Aluminum-carbon nanotube nanocomposites were prepared using two carbon nanotube lengths (644nm and 10–30 μm). The nanocomposites prepared with shortened carbon nanotubes showed less carbon nanotube damage, higher microhardness, smaller matrix grain size, and improved dispersion of the carbon nanotubes as compared to the nanocomposites prepared with longer carbon nanotubes. Results suggest major implications for the use of even shorter carbon nanotubes for metal matrix composites.
Tools and Methods for Investigating Synthetic Metal-Catalyzed Reactions in Living Cells

Although abiotic catalysts are capable of promoting numerous new-to-nature reactions, only a small subset has so far been successfully integrated into living systems. Research in intracellular catalysis requires an interdisciplinary approach that takes advantage of both chemical and biological tools as well as state-of-the-art instrumentations. In this perspective, we will focus on the techniques that have made studying metal-catalyzed reactions in cells possible using representative examples from the literature. Although the lack of quantitative data in vitro and in vivo has somewhat limited progress in the catalyst development process, recent advances in characterization methods should help overcome some of these deficiencies. Given its tremendous potential, we believe that intracellular catalysis will play a more prominent role in the development of future biotechnologies and therapeutics.
Statistical power or more precise insights into neuro-temporal dynamics? Assessing the benefits of rapid temporal sampling in fMRI.

Abstract Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a non-invasive and widely used human neuroimaging method, is most known for its spatial precision. However, there is a growing interest in its temporal sensitivity. This is despite the temporal blurring of neuronal events by the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal, the peak of which lags neuronal firing by 4–6 seconds. Given this, the goal of this review is to answer a seemingly simple question – “What are the benefits of increased temporal sampling for fMRI?”. To answer this, we have combined fMRI data collected at multiple temporal scales, from 323 to 1000 milliseconds, with a review of both historical and contemporary temporal literature. After a brief discussion of technological developments that have rekindled interest in temporal research, we next consider the potential statistical and methodological benefits. Most importantly, we explore how fast fMRI can uncover previously unobserved neuro-temporal dynamics – effects that are entirely missed when sampling at conventional 1 to 2 second rates. With the intrinsic link between space and time in fMRI, this temporal renaissance also delivers improvements in spatial precision. Far from producing only statistical gains, the array of benefits suggest that the continued temporal work is worth the effort.
Fichte's Theory of Subjectivity

Introduction 1. Origins of Fichte's theory 2. The developments of Fichte's project from 1792 to 1799 3. The self-positing subject and theoretical self-consciousness 4. The self-positing subject and practical self-determination Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index.
Optimization of Power Plant Cooling Water

The literature on dynamic mathematical models of water quality in streams and the temperature effects on DO and BOD concentrations is reviewed. The models for predicting temperature and water quality in the stream are nonlinear distributed parameter systems. A method of optimal control for distributed parameter systems is applied to the determination of an optimal cooling water discharge policy of a power plant. Such a policy permits a plant to operate at the highest possible efficiency without violating a preassigned stream quality criterion. The spatial distribution of temperature and its temporal change and their effects on the BOD and DO distributions in a stream are simultaneously determined.
Spinal Column Tumors

Spinal column tumors in the growing spine are rare and diverse lesions. Most present with pain with or without neurological deficit. When evaluating a child with persistent back pain, tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis and investigated. When identified, common goals of treatment are removal of the lesion, preservation of neurological function, and maintenance of spinal column instability.
Middleboxes no longer considered harmful

Intermediate network elements, such as network address translators (NATs), firewalls, and transparent caches are now commonplace. The usual reaction in the network architecture community to these so-called middleboxes is a combination of scorn (because they violate important architectural principles) and dismay (because these violations make the Internet less flexible). While we acknowledge these concerns, we also recognize that middleboxes have become an Internet fact of life for important reasons. To retain their functions while eliminating their dangerous side-effects, we propose an extension to the Internet architecture, called the Delegation-Oriented Architecture (DOA), that not only allows, but also facilitates, the deployment of middleboxes. DOA involves two relatively modest changes to the current architecture: (a) a set of references that are carried in packets and serve as persistent host identifiers and (b) a way to resolve these references to delegates chosen by the referenced host.
A High-Resolution View of the Solar Chromosphere and Corona

Skylab has demonstrated the dominant role of magnetic fields in the solar atmosphere. The solar wind is not a necessary consequence of the pressure imbalance between the hot corona and the interplanetary medium. High speed solar windstreams are originating in coronal holes where coronal density and temperature are less than in the quiet sun. Older models of the solar wind invoke heat conduction from the hot corona as the prime energy source for the solar wind. However in coronal holes the energy supplied by heat conduction is less than in the ordinary sun while the high speed windstreams require an amount of energy which cannot be supplied by conduction alone.
Brain-fluid barriers: relevance for theoretical controversies regarding vasopressin and oxytocin memory research.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the general structural and functional aspects of the brain–fluid barriers and presents evidence about the nature of the interaction of vasopressin (VP) (and oxytocin, OT) with them. These data bear on the various memory theories of how peripherally circulating VP and OT might produce centrally mediated behavioral effects. Brain–ﬂuid barriers refer to the structural and functional mechanisms that segregate the plasma from the brain (the blood–brain barrier, BBB) and the cerebrospinal fluid (blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, blood–CSF barrier). The BBB refers to the various structural/functional features of the brain capillary endothelium that selectively regulate exchanges between the blood and the extracellular fluid (ECF) of the brain. The influence of peripherally injected vasopressin (VP) or oxytocin (OT) on central processes depends on the properties and limitations of these barriers, including the selectivity of their transport systems. The chapter provides the selective barrier-mediated transport of hydrophilic substances between the blood and the brain. Several explanations are possible for how peripherally injected hydrophilic peptides such as VP and OT may bring about their memory effects.
CD40 ligation by T cells downregulates macrophage TNF production by IRAK1-mediated IL-10 expression and controls innate hyperinflammation (INM9P.462)

Endotoxemia is caused by excessive inflammation, but immune system has various mechanisms to avoid collateral organ damages in endotoxemia. A handful of reports have shown that innate immune responses are suppressed by the adaptive immune system. However, the molecular mechanism by which adaptive immune cells suppress innate inflammatory responses is not clear. Here, we found that T cell-macrophage interaction prolonged survival of mice in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced enodotoxemia through controlling TNF levels, demonstrated by T cell reconstitution in Rag2-deficient recipients. Downregulation of macrophage TNF expression was achieved by crosstalk between CD40 and TLR4 signaling pathways, which mediated IRAK1 nuclear translocation and its binding to the Il10 promoter in macrophages, without interfering the NFκB pathway. IL-10 is then detected by macrophages in an autocrine fashion to destabilize Tnfa mRNA, resulting in attenuated TNF levels. Simultaneous stimulation of CD40 and TLR4 signaling pathways was essential to induce IRAK1-mediated IL-10 expression; because CD40 signaling licenses IRAK1 nuclear translocation by IRAK1 sumoylation in the presence of TRAF2 and intracellular isoform of osteopontin (iOPN), while TLR4 signaling provides IRF5 as a chaperone of sumoylated IRAK1 for its nuclear translocation. Our study demonstrates a mechanistic basis of the immunosuppressive role of macrophage CD40 in LPS endotoxemia.
D4-symmetric Maps with Hidden Euclidean Symmetry

Bifurcation problems in which periodic boundary conditions (PBC) or Neumann boundary conditions (NBC) are imposed often involve partial differential equations that have Euclidean symmetry. In this case posing the bifurcation problem with either PBC or NBC on a finite domain can lead to a symmetric bifurcation problem for which the manifest symmetries of the domain do not completely characterize the constraints due to symmetry on the bifurcation equations. Additional constraints due to the Euclidean symmetry of the equations can have a crucial influence on the structure of the bifurcation equations. An example is the bifurcation of standing waves on the surface of fluid layer. The Euclidean symmetry of an infinite fluid layer constrains the bifurcation of surface waves in a finite container with square cross section because the waves satisfying PBC or NBC can be shown to lie in certain finite-dimensional fixed point subspaces of the infinite-dimensional problem. These constraints are studied by analyzing the finite-dimensional vector fields obtained on these subspaces by restricting the bifurcation equations for the infinite layer. Particular emphasis is given to determining which bifurcations might reveal observable effects of the rotational symmetry of the infinite layer. It turns out that a necessary condition for this possibility to arise is that the subspace for PBC must carry a reducible representation of the normalizer subgroup acting on the subspace. This condition can be met in different ways in both codimension-one and codimension-two bifurcations.
Capabilities of the MUMATH-78 computer algebra system for the INTEL-8080 microprocessor (invited)

This paper describes the capabilities of a microcomputer algebra system intended for educational and personal use. Currently implemented for INTEL-8080 based microcomputers, the system offers a broad range of facilities from indefinite-precision rational arithmetic through symbolic integration, symbolic summation, matrix algebra, and solution of a nonlinear algebraic equation. The talk will include a filmed demonstration, and informal live demonstrations will be given afterward.
NGSCB: A Trusted Open System

We describe Microsoft’s Next Generation Secure Computing Base (NGSCB). The system provides high assurance computing in a manner consistent with the commercial requirements of mass market systems. This poses a number of challenges and we describe the system architecture we have used to overcome them. We pay particular attention to reducing the trusted computing base to a small and manageable size. This includes operating the system without trusting the BIOS, most devices and device drivers and the bulk of the code of mass market operating systems. Furthermore, we seek to strengthen access control and network authentication in mass market systems by authenticating executable code at all system layers. We have implemented a prototype of the system and expect the full system to be mass deployed.
Expression of mutant alanine tRNAs increases spontaneous mutagenesis in Escherichia coli.

The expression of mutA, an allele of the glycine tRNA gene glyV, can confer a novel mutator phenotype that correlates with its ability to promote Asp→Gly mistranslation. Both activities are mediated by a single base change within the anticodon such that the mutant tRNA can decode aspartate codons (GAC/U) instead of the normal glycine codons (GCC/U). Here, we investigate whether specific Asp→Gly mistranslation is required for the unexpected mutator phenotype. To address this question, we created and expressed 18 individual alleles of alaV, the gene encoding an alanine tRNA, in which the alanine anticodon was replaced with those specifying other amino acids such that the mutant (alaV x ) tRNAs are expected to potentiate X→Ala mistranslation, where X is one of the other amino acids. Almost all alaV x alleles proved to be mutators in an assay that measured the frequency of rifampicin-resistant mutants, with one allele (alaV G l u ) being a stronger mutator than mutA. The alaV G l u mutator phenotype resembles that of mutA in mutational specificity (predominantly transversions), as well as SOS independence, but in a puzzling twist differs from mutA in that it does not require a functional recA gene. Our results suggest that general mistranslation (as opposed to Asp→Gly alone) can induce a mutator phenotype. Furthermore, these findings predict that a large number of conditions that increase translational errors, such as genetic defects in the translational apparatus, as well as environmental and physiological stimuli (such as amino acid starvation or exposure to antibiotics) are likely to activate a mutator response. Thus, both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms can accelerate the acquisition of mutations.
edesk online—internal development and deployment of help desk management software

After four years of operation, the University Computing HelpDesk at Washington and Lee University, previously student-run and student-centered, needed to become more reliable and to serve a wider audience. The HelpDesk has about 2,700 potential clients, including undergraduate and law students as well as faculty and staff. As the newly appointed first resort for our entire user community, it needed to be able to track jobs, do trend analysis, and otherwise capture and use data. Commercial software for these purposes was too expensive and often geared for other sorts of institutions, so we decided to see what we could develop ourselves. This paper will brief you on the development and deployment of our HelpDesk management software.
Higher dimensional generalizations of some classical theorems on normal meromorphic functions

Generalizing the notion of normality of a meromorphic function to a holomorphic mapping of the unit ball Bm⊂C m into the complex projective space CPN, the author obtains several necessary and sufficient conditions for a holomorphic mapping f: Bm→CPN to be normal, thus generalizing the classical theorems of Lehto-Virtanen, Lohwater-Pommerenke and Lappan. It is also illustrated that the full generalizations of the theorems of Lohwater-Pommerenke and Lappan to a higher-dimensional domain are not likely to be true.
Exogenous cytokinin acts independently to regulate growth and storage protein metabolism in cultured melon embryos

Summary Imbibed mature embryos of melon (Cucumis melo) were cultured intact or without radicle on Murashige and Skoog medium with benzylaminopurine and the presence of a 4-band 20-25 kDa cotyledonary storage protein was monitored. These polypeptides persisted in intact seedlings throughout the 15day experimental period, but after 24h disappeared from cotyledons excised from these seedlings and cultured separately on the same medium. The protein persisted in radicleless seedlings for 10 d and then disappeared. In cotyledons excised from these seedlings on day 8 and cultured separately on the same medium, the protein disappeared after 24 h. Conspicuous expansion of the intact cotyledons occurred only in the radicleless seedlings by day 4 of culture and continued for the following 4-5 days. These results show that the effects of exogenous cytokinin on metabolism of the cotyledonary storage protein appear to be unrelated to its effects on cotyledon growth.
Simultaneous occurrence of pregnancylike lobuloalveolar morphogenesis and casein-gene expression in a culture of the whole mammary gland.

Entire second thoracic mammary glands of estrogen- and progesterone-treated immature virgin BALB/c mice were stimulated to pregnancylike lobuloalveolar morphogenesis after 6 days of incubation with insulin (5 μg/ml), aldosterone (1 μg/ml), growth hormone (5 μg/ml), cortisol (5 μg/ml), and prolactin (80 ng/ml, present as a contaminant in 5 μg/ml growth hormone). The alveolar growth in the glands, as judged by morphological studies, was accompanied by an increase in cell number as a function of incubation time in the hormonal medium. Hybridization of the total RNA from these glands to the casein mRNA specific complementary DNA probe (cDNAcsn) revealed that the level of casein mRNA rises from 0.00012 to 0.005% between 1 and 6 days of incubation. Estimates showed that the concentration of casein mRNA per cell rises 17-fold from 70 molecules on Day 1 to 1200 molecules on Day 6, whereas the number of epithelial cells increases only twofold during the same incubation time. When the growth hormone preparation was totally replaced by 80 ng of prolactin during the 6-day incubation, casein-mRNA levels were found to be 0.0083%. These results demonstrate that a pregnancy-like morphogenesis and concurrent expression of the casein gene in vitro can be achieved in a controlled hormone environment containing high cortisol and low prolactin concentrations. This one-step mammogenesis-lactogenesis culture model should be useful for studying the mechanisms of hormonal regulation of casein-gene expression observed in prepartum mammary gland in vivo.
The application of thermogravimetric analysis to an electrophoretically deposited polymer coating

An electrophoretically deposited poly(vinylidene chloride)–poly(vinyl chloride) and epoxy ester coating has been shown to provide adequate protection for Be-Cu from hostile environments. The data presented show that thermogravimetric analysis can be readily applied for drying analysis and quality control of the polymer ratio.
On crack, rigid-line fiber, and interface interactions

Abstract Interactions among cracks, rigid-line fibers, and the interface between dissimilar materials is the focus of this paper. The interface may also include point defects. An integral equation formulation capable of handling general crack—fiber—interface interactions is developed here. It is observed that an interface can significantly alter the nature of interactions among cracks and rigid-line fibers. As an example, the inner-tip stress intensity factors (SIFs) for a collinear crack system may be reduced, in the presence of an interface, to less than the outer-tip SIFs. Mixing of Mode-I and Mode-II behaviors due to interactions and their effects on stress amplification and retardation are also investigated. The effects of fiber reinforcements on crack propagation are investigated on two different scales, using a detailed local analysis as well as a micromechanical approach. The results suggest that detailed local analyses are necessary for an accurate understanding of crack-tip behaviors. A bi-material interface is assumed in the present analysis. Thus, it is suitable for composite materials with relatively large-scale inhomogeneity, where cracks and fibers can coexist, or with sublevel microcracking near reinforcements.
Pulsed Bending Magnet System for the Stanford Two-Mile Accelerator

The electron beam from the Stanford two-mile linear accelerator is analyzed by a high-quality magnetic deflection system in the beam switchyard. The first magnet element in this system is a pulsed switching magnet capable of switching beams of different energies and intensities to either transport system on a pulse-to-pulse basis. This magnet actually consists of five one-meter sections and is powered by pulsed high-voltage supplies (modulators). Each magnet section is excited with two modulators because it must pulse in either polarity in order to switch the beam left or right; the pulse height should be continuously variable to accommodate any beam energy. The magnetic field in these magnets rises sinusoidally 360 times a second and has a peak value at 1700 gauss. In this paper the optical properties of pulsed magnet will be discussed briefly. Detailed descriptions of the pulsed magnet modulators, the instrumentation for the magnet, and the test results will be given. The problems connected with high-power switching at high repetition rates will be discussed.
Modeling of Jaw-Head-Neck Dynamics during Whiplash:

Clinicians report signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders in many patients who have experienced automobile rear-end collisions involving neck hyperextension (whiplash). In order for relationships between TMJ disorders and rear-end collisions to be explored, the dynamic response of the jaw to hyperextension of the neck associated with automobile rear-end collisions needs to be quantified. To achieve this goal, we extended an existing head-neck model by adding a movable jaw, and performed preliminary computer simulations of the jaw movements during rear-end collisions at 6. 71 ms-1 (75 mph) and 13.41 ms -1 (30 mph). The initial computer simulations produced promising kinematic and dynamic results, such as: relative angle between the head and jaw (jaw-opening angle), predicted TMJ torques, and displacement and linear acceleration of the jaw's center of mass. However, the absolute values and time course of our results must be viewed with caution, since the jaw model has not yet been vali...
Evidence for the existence of a magnetic quantum critical point in U(Pt1−xPdx)3

Abstract We report systematic studies of the DC magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity on a series of U(Pt 1− x Pd x ) 3 polycrystals with 0 ⩽ x ⩽0.02. Susceptibility measurements show that the spin fluctuation temperature varies linearly with x . Combined with susceptibility data for UPt 3 under hydrostatic pressure and (U,Th)Pt 3 we find that T SF is directly proportional to the c / a ratio in this (nearly) HCP-like system. Detailed studies of the resistivity show that increasing x results in a deviation from Fermi-liquid behavior, and the power-law exponent reaches a minimum value of 1.55 near x ≈0.006. These results lend further support to the previously reported magnetic quantum critical point at x ≈0.006 as determined via local-probe μSR measurements.
A note on the speculative demand for money

Abstract In the General Theory, Keynes argued that expectations about future bond prices tend to be “sticky”. A rise in bond prices causes more investors to “join the bear brigade” and so increases the aggregate demand for money. Since Tobin's classic article on liquidity preference, this explanation of the downward sloping demand for money curve has largely disappeared from the literature. This note introduces sticky expectations into the Tobin framework. It shows that the existence of such stickiness does not necessarily cause the demand for money to be more elastic because investors have expectations about the variance of future bond prices as well as about their mean. A sufficient condition for a more elastic demand for money under sticky expectations is that the Pratt-Arrow coefficient of relative risk aversion be either constant or decreasing in wealth.
Theoretically grounded guidelines for assessing learning progress: cognitive changes in ill-structured complex problem-solving contexts

It is generally accepted that the cognitive development for a wide range of students can be improved through adaptive instruction-learning environments optimized to suit individual needs (e.g., Cronbach, Am Psychol 12:671–684, 1957; Lee and Park, in Handbook of research for educational communications and technology, Taylor & Francis Group, Routledge, New York, pp 469–484, 2007; Shute and Zapata-Rivera, in Handbook of research for educational communications and technology, Taylor & Francis Group, Routledge, New York, pp 227–294, 2007). It is vital in adaptive instruction to diagnose an individual’s learning progress in terms of cognitive changes in complex problem-solving contexts. This study conceptualized the levels of learning progress, associating the development of expertise in domain learning with the structural features of mental models. The theory of mental models accounts for how people conceptualize problem situations. That is, a mentally represented problem space is a structure including diverse relationships. It is necessary that assessment tools be adapted for the complex, dynamic structure of mental models so that the diagnostic, formative information become more precise. In short, the proposed stage-sequential model of learning progress was theoretically justified as being able to serve as a diagnostic model of learning progress.
Preparation of 3β,16β-dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one: Stabilization of its α-ketolic group toward alkali by formation of a semicarbazone

Abstract Alkaline hydrolysis of a 16β-acetoxy-17-oxo steroid is accompanied by almost complete rearrangement of the product to a 16-oxo-17β-hydroxy steroid. Hydrolysis can be achieved without rearrangement by 1) formation of a C-17 semicarbazone, 2) alkaline removal of the acetate group, and 3) removal of the semicarbazone group in the presence of pyruvic acid-acetic acid. By employing this technique, the title compound was obtained from its diacetate in a yield of 65%.
THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DURING INFLATION

This paper analyzes the effects of inflation on the size distribution of income, making use of a microsimulation model. It goes beyond earlier analyses not only in the use of microdata but also in the types of inflation modeled. Two different income concepts are used, one the money income concept of the U.S. Census Bureau and the second, called Accrued Comprehensive Income, based on the concept of income as consumption plus the change in net worth. The results of the simulation inflations are presented graphically, as the ratio of real income with inflation to real income without, by income class. The analysis concludes that the income concept chosen is crucially important. While low income households suffer modest losses and middle income households are largely unaffected, whatever income concept is used, the effects on upper income households are extremely sensitive. With a simple money income concept, the well-to-do appear to benefit from inflation but a broader concept reverses this effect. A policy to negate the distributional effect of inflation would benefit primarily the upper income households. Similarly, macroeconomic policies designed to reduce inflation at the price of slower growth and greater unemployment would not aid lower income groups to a significant degree.
The Center Core in Ego State Therapy and Other Hypnotically Facilitated Psychotherapies

Center core phenomena have been utilized in the practice of ego state therapy and other forms of hypnotically facilitated psychotherapy for nearly 40 years. Despite the frequency with which they are employed, many confusions, contradictions, and questions remain concerning them. In this article relevant center core phenomena literature is reviewed and an essential differentiation between two different kinds of center core phenomena is clarified. Psychodynamic explanations are offered for the therapeutic benefits of archetypal center core experiences such as inner strength and inner wisdom. The information provided offers clinicians a sturdier platform from which to decide whether to incorporate center core experiences into clinical practice. The persistent question of whether center core phenomena are ego states is revisited and addressed.
Estimates of Lake St. Clair Evaporation

Abstract Monthly evaporation from Lake St. Clair was determined for individual years of a 26-year period, 1950-75, by the mass transfer method applied to available land-based data adjusted to overwater conditions. Because of extensive ice cover on the lake, the overwater mass transfer results were adjusted for the effect of ice cover during winter. The ice-cover adjustment reduced the average annual evaporation by 100 mm to 750 mm. The mass transfer method is the only technique that permits operational evaporation estimates from this lake with presently available data and it is also the approach most amenable to future improvements.
Cortical activation response to acoustic echo planar scanner noise.

Purpose: Our goal was to determine the distribution of auditory and language cortex activation in response to acoustic echo planar scanner noise with functional MRI (fMRI). Method: Acoustic scanner noise and spoken text, reproduced on high output cassette tape, were separately delivered at equivalent intensities to six normal hearing adult volunteers through earphones during fMRI data acquisition. In nine other subjects, taped scanner noise was delivered in five successive iterations of the task to assess the consistency of cortical activation to the noise stimulus. Gyri of the auditory and language system were divided into 10 different subregions for analysis of cortical activation. The number of activated pixels and proportion of volunteers activating each cortical subregion were determined using a cross-correlation analysis. Results: Cortical activation to taped acoustic scanner noise was present within the transverse temporal gyrus (primary auditory cortex) in all subjects, but activation was highly variable between subjects in auditory association and language relevant cortex. Auditory association cortex activation was seen in the planum polari, planum tempo-rali, and middle temporal gyrus/superior temporal sulcus regions in one-half to two-thirds of the volunteers. There was no significant difference in the distribution of cortical activation within individual subjects across five successive iterations of the scanner noise task. Listening to spoken text consistently activated primary and association auditory cortex bilaterally as well as language relevant cortex in some cases. The mean number of activated pixels was significantly greater for text listening than acoustic scanner noise in auditory association and language relevant cortical subregions (p < 0.01), although the distribution of activity was similar between the two tasks. Conclusion: This preliminary investigation suggests that the complex sounds produced by the echo planar pulse sequence can activate relatively large regions of auditory and language cortex bilaterally, with the extent of activation outside the primary auditory cortex being variable between subjects. However, the distribution of activation within individual subjects was relatively constant across several iterations of the scanner noise stimulus.
Abstract 2856: Functional profile of BEZ-235 activity in human tumor primary culture microspheroids byex vivoanalysis of programmed cell death (EVA/PCD)

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Aberrant signaling through the phospho-inositol pathway via the gain of PI3K function or loss of PTEN is a hallmark of many malignancies. Drugs that inhibit this pathway offer novel therapeutic opportunities. The imidazoquinolone derivative, BEZ-235, reversibly inhibits signaling through PI3K & mTOR by competition at ATP binding sites. We used ex vivo analysis of programmed cell death (EVA/PCD) to examine the activity and clinical potential of BEZ 235 in human tumors isolated from 88 surgical tumor specimens. By interrogating drug effects in primary culture micro-spheroids, replete with vascular, stromal and inflammatory elements, the EVA/PCD platform can provide insights into cellular responses under native-state conditions. Lethal concentration 50% values (LC50's), interpolated from dose response curves, were used to compare the activity of BEZ-235 by diagnosis using modified Z-scores. Comparisons between BEZ activity and related inhibitors of PI3K (LY294002), mTOR (Everolimus) & AKT (Phen B15-kindly provided by Dr. Peter Houghton) were conducted by Pearson-Moment. By rank order, BEZ-235 activity revealed upper gastrointestinal, breast, NSCLC and hematological malignancies to have the most favorable profiles, while renal, ovarian, colon and sarcoma specimens fell in the more resistant range. Pearson moments revealed high correlation coefficients (R values) for LY294002=0.56 (P =0.001); Everolimus=0.51 (P= 0.005) & Phen B15=0.89(P= 0.005) all consistent with BEZ-235's known modes of action. As PI3K signaling is associated with inhibition of apoptosis, its up-regulation may confer collateral resistance to other stressors like growth factor withdrawal or cytotoxic drugs. Relationships between BEZ-235 and other classes of drugs are being examined to explore additional correlations and potential combination that could provide future therapeutic opportunities, as will be reported. Supported in part by the Vanguard Cancer Foundation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2856. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2856
SimFlex: a fast, accurate, flexible full-system simulation framework for performance evaluation of server architecture

The new focus on commercial workloads in simulation studies of server systems has caused a drastic increase in the complexity and decrease in the speed of simulation tools. The complexity of a large-scale full-system model makes development of a monolithic simulation tool a prohibitively difficult task. Furthermore, detailed full-system models simulate so slowly that experimental results must be based on simulations of only fractions of a second of execution of the modelled system.This paper presents SIMFLEX, a simulation framework which uses component-based design and rigorous statistical sampling to enable development of complex models and ensure representative measurement results with fast simulation turnaround. The novelty of SIMFLEX lies in its combination of a unique, compile-time approach to component interconnection and a methodology for obtaining accurate results from sampled simulations on a platform capable of evaluating unmodified commercial workloads.
Luck And Equality: Richard J. Arneson

Does it make sense to hold that, if it is bad that some people are worse off than others, it is worse if those who are worse off come to be so through sheer bad luck that it is beyond their power to control? In her contribution to this symposium, Susan Hurley cautions against a closely related fallacy: from the fact that people have come to an unequal condition through unchosen bad luck, it does not follow that, if we aim to undo the influence of unchosen luck, we ought to institute equality of condition. Forswearing the fallacy that Hurley analyses is compatible with answering the question affirmatively, and more generally with holding that principles of distributive justice should be sensitive to the distinction between chosen and unchosen bad luck. This essay explores how this might be done.
Randomized Trials in Loco-Regionally Confined Prostate Cancer: Past, Present, and Future.

Over the last 30 years, a vast literature has been published on the available therapeutic approaches for loco-regionally confined prostate cancer. However, it is remarkable how few well designed and well conducted randomized trials have set out to compare them. As a result there is no consensus on the appropriate management of either early stage or locally advanced disease and treatment is still given on the basis of physician preconception, training, and instinct. Published trials have been weakened by the long natural history of prostate cancer and its unpredictable pace. Ten to 15 years are required to fully assess the clinical impact of therapy. by the time of publication, the original therapies frequently have become outmoded or the staging procedures shown to be inadequate by current standards. Prostate-specific antigen is a tumor marker that has powerful prognostic value and detects recurrence long before it becomes clinically apparent. Its use will allow for improved stratification in future studies and shorten the time of follow-up required to assess disease-free survival. Randomized trials will yield results in 5 years rather than the decades previously judged necessary. A renewed emphasis on the randomized trial in prostate cancer is now possible allowing for the rapid and scientific testing of both standard and novel treatment strategies.
Evaluation of high concentration intranasal and intravenous desmopressin in pediatric patients with mild hemophilia A or mild-to-moderate type 1 von Willebrand disease

Abstract Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of high-concentration intranasal desmopressin (HCIN-DDAVP) 1.5 mg/mL, in patients weighing ≤50 kg with mild hemophilia A or mild type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD). Study design: This was a single-center, nonrandomized, open-label, single-dose trial of HCIN-DDAVP. Nine boys with hemophilia A, 8 girls with mild VWD, and 8 boys with mild VWD were evaluated. HCIN-DDAVP responses were compared with historic IV-DDAVP responses in 13 of the patients. Results: HCIN-DDAVP administration resulted in statistically significant mean increases in factor VIII procoagulant activity, ristocetin cofactor, and von Willebrand factor antigen levels in each of the 3 study groups. Mean (± 1 SD) increase in factor VIII procoagulant activity was 25.7 ± 11.9 U/dL in mild hemophilia A. Ristocetin cofactor increased 108.5 ± 53.8 U/dL in girls and 95.8 ± 36.0 U/dL in boys with mild VWD. Intravenous desmopressin acetate responses were comparable to HCIN-DDAVP responses in patients who received both preparations. Adverse events were mild and resolved without intervention. Conclusion: We conclude that administration of 150 μg of high concentration intranasal desmopressin is safe and effective in patients weighing ≤50 kg with mild hemophilia A or mild type 1 VWD. (J Pediatr 2002;140:595-9)
Synthesis of fatty acid synthetase by isolated liver cells obtained from rats in different nutritional or hormonal states

Parenchymal cells from livers of rats in different nutritional and hormonal states were isolated by perfusion with calcium-free, glucose-free Hanks' solution containing 0.05% collagenase and 0.10% hyaluronidase. The ability of these cells to synthesize the fatty acid synthetase complex was then studied. Liver cells isolated from animals refed a fat-free diet for 16 hr following a 48-hr period of fasting incorporated l-[U-14C] leucine into fatty acid synthetase at a rate 16.2 times faster than cells isolated from livers of animals fed a normal diet. The ratio of incorporation of label into fatty acid synthetase to incorporation into total cellular protein by the cells from refed animals was 17.9-fold greater than that of cells from normal animals. This result is consistent with our previous in vivo studies on the synthesis of the enzyme complex [Craig, M. C., Nepokroeff, C. M., Lakshmanan, M. R., and Porter, J. W. (1972) Arch. Biochem. Biophys.152, 619–630] in which the rate of synthesis of fatty acid synthetase relative to overall soluble protein synthesis in animals fasted and then refed a fat-free diet for 72 hr was 14.3 times the value obtained for normal animals. Cells from fasted or diabetic animals incorporated radioactive leucine into fatty acid synthetase at a rate 0.34 or 0.11, respectively, of the rate in cells from normal animals. However, this difference in incorporation of radioactivity by cells from diabetic or fasted animals compared to normal cells was not observed when determinations were made of the incorporation of label into fatty acid synthetase relative to incorporation of label into overall cellular protein.
The amino acid sequence of avian thymic hormone, a parvalbumin.

Abstract The complete amino acid sequence of ‘avian thymic hormone’ (ATH), a protein from thymus tissue that appears to promote immune maturation in chicken bone marrow cells in culture, is presented. The sequence was obtained from sequences of ATH peptides isolated by HLPC after tryptic, chymotryptic, peptic or S aureus V8 protease digestions. The protein is a parvalbumin consisting of 108 residues with a blocked amino terminus, a single cysteine, tyrosine, proline and arginine and no arginine and no histidine, methionine or tryptophan. This is the first amino acid sequence of a parvalbumin which is not derived from muscle tissue.
Insulin and PIP3 activate PKC-zeta by mechanisms that are both dependent and independent of phosphorylation of activation loop (T410) and autophosphorylation (T560) sites.

Activation of protein kinase C-ζ (PKC-ζ) by insulin requires phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase-dependent increases in phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-(PO4)3 (PIP3) and phosphorylation of activation loo...
A Characterization of Affine Dual Frames in L2(Rn)

Abstract We give a characterization of all (quasi)affine frames in L 2 ( R n ) which have a (quasi)affine dual in terms of the two simple equations in the Fourier transform domain. In particular, if the dual frame is the same as the original system, i.e., it is a tight frame, we obtain the well-known characterization of wavelets. Although these equations have already been proven under some special conditions we show that these characterizations are valid without any decay assumptions on the generators of the affine system.
SNP: A system for nonadaptive procedures

A software system which is currently being used to collect and analyze data for a wide range of auditory psychophysical procedures is described. Its principal advantages are its scope, its ease of use during data collection, the uniformity it lends to data collection procedures in widely different experiments, and the fact that no additional programming is required to run most experiments. Although the system reflects a specific interface configuration and the availability of an 8K PDP-15, the programming has been done in FORTRAN and contains a number of features which may be of interest to even Es building hard-wired programming devices.
A new silyl linker for reverse-direction solid-phase peptide synthesis

Abstract Treatment of a free amino acid ester with CO 2 followed by exposure to a chlorosilane-containing polystyrene results in its attachment to the solid support. The newly formed silyl carbamate can be employed to build polypeptides at the carboxyl terminus. Cleavage of the (poly)peptide using aqueous HF in CH 3 CN leads to its free amine form which is isolated as a Boc derivative. The polymer support can be easily recycled.
Cost Considerations in Patient-Controlled Analgesia

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is the use of a portable infusion pump activated by the patient to inject an analgesic drug intravenously, subcutaneously or epidurally. PCA permits a patient to deliver a small bolus of opioid to achieve prompt relief without over sedation. Use of PCA for pain management is increasing in hospitals and home settings, largely because it can provide equivalent or better analgesia than conventional methods, and patients are more satisfied with its use. This article reports on studies published between January 1984 and December 1995 which considered cost aspects of PCA. Most studies compared the direct costs of administering PCA with the cost of other forms of drug delivery, usually intramuscular injections. A few studies have included indirect costs such as length of stay and adverse effects associated with the use of PCA. The research on cost considerations of PCA is dominated by case reports, descriptive studies and poorly designed quasi-experimental studies. The most complete and well conducted studies usually have included only drug, equipment and labour costs. Only 6 randomised controlled trials were reported, all of which were conducted on postoperative patients. The cost effectiveness of PCA for pain management is an unresolved question because of the variability in methods used to determine costs and expenses, the different settings and patient populations in which PCA is applied, the different means to organise its management and the fact that it is a rapidly evolving technology during an era of changing reimbursement practices. There is substantial variation in the cost of drugs used in PCA and in the devices themselves, which influences the comparison of costs across studies. Also, researchers do not include the full scope of costs associated with the use of PCA in comparison with conventional drug delivery methods and some do not measure the level of pain relief achieved. Of the few complete and well designed published studies found, PCA was reported to produce superior analgesia at a higher cost than conventional intramuscular therapy in 3 studies, but to be more costly and produce less pain relief than intramuscular therapy in 1 study. There is a pressing need for cost-effectiveness, cost-utility and cost-benefit analyses to determine the appropriate clinical and cost circumstances for the use of PCA.