cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antigenicity of a papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma tissue homogenate and its fractions.

Abstract Continuing our studies of the antigenicity of papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary we have investigated the production of antibodies in rabbits immunized with a tissue lyophilisate. Ouchterlony double diffusion showed 4 precipitin lines, of which one cross-reacted with normal ovarian tissue, one was identical with the line developed with tissue culture cell sonicate antigen, and 2 additional lines were found only with the tumor homogenate. Immunoelectrophoresis indicated that one antigenic component had a mobility corresponding to α-globulin and one line appeared in the β-globulin region. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 yielded 6 fractions of which Fraction 1 and Fraction 3 were tumor specific. Fraction 1 gave one precipitin line against nonadsorbed serum to unfractionated tumor homogenate, Fraction 3 gave 2 nonidentical and distinct lines.
Properties and Distribution of Intracellular Putrescine in a Pseudomonas

Abstract Kim, Ki-Han (Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich.). Properties and distribution of intracellular putrescine in a Pseudomonas. J. Bacteriol. 91:193–197. 1966.—A Pseudomonas species which contains putrescine as the only intracellular polyamine was used to study the distribution of putrescine in the cells and the changes in putrescine content upon nitrogen or carbon and nitrogen starvation. In the cell-free extract, approximately 80 to 90% of the putrescine was found in the soluble fraction, and the rest was found in the ribosomal fraction; 50% of the putrescine could be removed from the cells by nitrogen starvation. Putrescine content in the ribosomes prepared from nitrogen-starved cells was about one-half of that in the unstarved cells. Putrescine was found in both 30S and 50S ribosomal particles. In the presence of 10−3m Mg++, the ribosomal particles did not exchange bound putrescine for free putrescine, but did incorporate free spermine from the medium. Cells grown on glucose-NH3 medium contained large amounts of acetyl putrescine. Cells grown on putrescine contained negligible amounts of acetyl putrescine, but readily formed acetyl putrescine when subjected to starvation.
Characterization of the protease and other products of amino-terminus-proximal cleavage of the herpes simplex virus 1 UL26 protein.

The herpes simplex virus 1 UL26 open reading frame encodes a protease which cleaves a small carboxyl-terminal peptide of itself and its substrate encoded by an overlapping, 3'-coterminal transcriptional unit, designated UL26.5. The translational product of UL26.5 is infected-cell protein 35c,d (ICP35c,d) (F. Liu and B. Roizman, J. Virol. 65:206-212, 1991; F. Liu and B. Roizman, J. Virol. 65:5149-5156, 1991). The protease activity maps at the amino terminus of UL26 translation product designated Pra. Cleavage of Pra to remove the carboxyl-terminal 25 amino acids converts the protein to Prb (F. Liu and B. Roizman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:2076-2080, 1992). Other studies reported a second, amino-terminus-proximal cleavage in UL26 gene products made in Escherichia coli (I. C. Deckman, M. Hagen, and P. J. McCann III, J. Virol 66:7362-7367, 1992; C. L. DiIanni, D. A. Drier, I. C. Deckman, P.J. McCann III, F. Liu, B. Roizman, R. J. Colonno, and M. G. Cordingley, J. Biol. Chem., 368:2048-2051, 1993). We report the following results. (i) The amino-terminus-proximal cleavage of UL26 protein in eukaryotic cells generates two polypeptides, an apparent M(r)-25,000 amino-terminal polypeptide designated Prn and a carboxyl-terminal polypeptide which corresponds in electrophoretic mobility to ICP35a. Cleavage of the carboxyl-terminal 25 amino acids by the UL26 protease converted ICP35a to ICP35b. (ii) Replacement of Ala-247-Ser-248 with Arg-Pro precluded the amino-terminus-proximal cleavage. (iii) Prn, the amino-terminal product of the cleavage reaction at amino acid 247 functions as a protease. (iv) Additional amino acid substitutions in the putative domain of the protease yielded results consistent with the hypothesis that UL26 encodes a serine protease. (v) The domain of the UL26 protein whose modification confers the formation of double bands for all products (Pra, Prb, ICP35a, ICP35b, ICP35c,d, and ICP35e,f) except Prn maps in the domain shared by UL26 and UL26.5, between codons 307 and 417.
Exploiting cognitive radios for reliable satellite communications

Summary Satellite transmissions are prone to both unintentional and intentional RF interference. Such interference has significant impact on the reliability of packet transmissions. In this paper, we make preliminary steps at exploiting the sensing capabilities of cognitive radios for reliable satellite communications. We propose the use of dynamically adjusted frequency hopping (FH) sequences for satellite transmissions. Such sequences are more robust against targeted interference than fixed FH sequences. In our design, the FH sequence is adjusted according to the outcome of out-of-band proactive sensing, carried out by a cognitive radio module that resides in the receiver of the satellite link. Our design, called out-of-band sensing-based dynamic FH, is first analyzed using a discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) framework. The transition probabilities of the DTMC are then used to measure the ‘channel stability’, a metric that reflects the freshness of sensed channel interference. Next, out-of-band sensing-based dynamic FH is analyzed following a continuous-time Markov chain model, and a numerical procedure for determining the ‘optimal’ total sensing time that minimizes the probability of ‘black holes’ is provided. DTMC is appropriate for systems with continuously adjustable power levels; otherwise, continuous-time Markov chain is the suitable model. We use simulations to study the effects of different system parameters on the performance of our proposed design. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the methodologic quality of medical and surgical clinical trials in patients with arthroplasty.

Objective. To assess the methodological quality of randomized controlled trials (RCT) of medical and surgical therapy in patients with arthroplasty. Methods. We conducted a Medline database search for all arthroplasty RCT from 1997 and 2006. The quality of the methods of all eligible RCT was assessed by a trained abstractor. We used a checklist of trial quality characteristics, and the overall trial quality was assessed by 3 scales: Jadad (range 0–5), Delphi list (range 0–9), and numeric rating scale (NRS; range 1–10), based on User’s Guides to the Medical Literature. Results. A total of 196 articles were included in the analysis; most included hip (n = 81) or knee (n = 80) or both hip/knee arthroplasty (n = 19); 66 (34%) assessed pharmacological treatments, 117 (60%) nonpharmacological treatments, and 13 (7%) both. Mean (SEM) overall quality scores of arthroplasty RCT were low: Jadad score 2.36 (1.4), Delphi list 5.33 (1.6), and NRS score 4.30 (2.6). Multivariable analyses revealed that nonpharmacological intervention RCT had lower odds (odds ratio 0.28–0.39; p = 0.008–0.033) and those with no funding had lower odds (OR 0.28–0.50; p = 0.014–0.119) of being in the highest quartiles of the 3 overall quality scores. In contrast, multicenter RCT had 1.8–4.7 times higher odds of being in highest tertiles of quality scores (p = 0.017–0.185). Conclusion. Methodological deficiencies in reporting of hip/knee arthroplasty RCT offer an opportunity for improvement. Type of intervention, number of trial centers, and presence of funding were independently associated with overall trial quality. In future, multicenter RCT (rather than single-center) and modeling protocols of single-center RCT similar in rigor to multicenter RCT may improve the quality of arthroplasty RCT.
Stability of silicon carbide to hydrofluoric, nitric, and sulfuric acids

α-SiC is practically undecomposed by hydrofluoric acid and a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric and nitric acids, regardless of grain size.
The Lead-Liquid Argon Calorimeter for FNAL-E653

A lead-liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeter has been constructed for Fermilab experiment E-653. The design, operation, energy and spatial resolution, and analysis are described. A description of a unique read-out geometry which gives the detector powerful pattern recognition capability is also given.
Bacterially catalysed N -nitrosation reactions and their relative importance in the human stomach

Human exposure to endogenously formed N-nitroso compounds has frequently been suggested as a causative factor in carcinogenesis where this is related to chronic bacterial infection such as is seen in gastric achlorhydria. At least two distinct mechanisms of endogenous formation have been identified. The first, a direct chemical reaction between secondary amino compounds and nitrite, is strongly pH dependent and does not proceed rapidly at neutral pH even in the presence of chemical catalysts. The second depends on the direct bacterial catalysis of N-nitrosation. The data presented demonstrate that the bacterially mediated reaction is catalysed by bacterial enzyme systems and proceeds much more rapidly at neutral pH than the chemical reaction. This suggests a particular relevance to the in vivo situation where neutral pH, bacteria and elevated nitrite concentrations are found. Drawing on the kinetic information presented regarding the bacterially mediated nitrosation reaction, the known kinetics of the chemical reaction and the published values for the relevant substrate concentrations in both the colonised and the normal acid stomach the bacterial and chemical reactions have been compared. Using these criteria, and assuming the presence of bacteria with the appropriate metabolic activity, it may be predicted that N-nitroso compounds may be formed in the colonized stomach at much higher concentrations than in the normal acid stomach. The difference in yield may be by two to four orders of magnitude. Different bacterial species and different isolates of the same species show considerable variation in their abilities to catalyse N-nitrosation reactions. The most rapid catalysis is associated with those bacteria capable of reducing nitrate and nitrite by the process of denitrification. The most significant clinical corollary of these studies is that although bacterial catalysis of N-nitrosation has been demonstrated unequivocally, bacterial colonization of the stomach may not itself necessarily result in elevated endogenous N-nitroso compound exposure despite the elevated nitrite concentrations normally associated with such colonization. An increase in exposure to endogenously formed N-nitroso compounds would only be predicted in those individuals where a significant proportion of the colonizing bacteria expressed significant N-nitrosation activity. As a consequence the carcinogenic risk may be restricted to only a small proportion of colonized individuals depending on the prevalence of sustained infection by bacteria with significant N-nitrosation activity, particularly denitrifiers.
Effects of Inverse-Ratio Ventilation on Cardiorespiratory Measurements in Severe Respiratory Failure

Inverse ratio ventilation, with prolonged inspiratory times, appears to improve gas exchange and arterial oxygenation in patients with severe respiratory failure; however, in previous studies, pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation (PC-IRV), which uses a rapidly decelerating inspiratory flow pattern, was compared to conventional volume-controlled ventilation, which uses a constant inspiratory flow rate. Pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV), with a decelerating inspiratory flow pattern and conventional inspiratory-to-expiratory (I/E) ratios, also has been shown to produce improvement in PaO2 when compared to volume-controlled ventilation. It therefore is unknown if the potentially beneficial effects of PC-IRV are due to the reversal of I/E ratios or to the use of the rapidly decelerating inspiratory flow pattern. In order to investigate this issue, cardiorespiratory values were measured in ten patients with severe respiratory failure ventilated first with PCV, then PC-IRV, and finally with a second period of PCV. Tidal volume, respiratory rate, end-expiratory pressure, and fraction of oxygen in inspired gas (FIo2) were maintained at the same value for both ventilatory modalities. The PC-IRV was associated with significant increases in PaO2, arterial pH, and mean airway pressure. Significant decreases in pulmonary shunt fraction, PaCO2, and cardiac index were found with PC-IRV. No significant changes in tissue oxygen delivery or consumption occurred with either PCV or PC-IRV. These results demonstrate that inversion of conventional I/E ratios produces no significant improvement in the overall cardiorespiratory profile of critically ill patients. This study also suggests that the clinical utility of PC-IRV is limited except in the setting of the adult respiratory distress syndrome with hypoxemia or hypercapnia refractory to other therapeutic options.
Dual-stage nested homogenization for rate-dependent anisotropic elasto-plasticity model of dendritic cast aluminum alloys

Abstract This paper proposes a nested dual-stage homogenization method for developing microstructure based continuum elasto-viscoplastic models for large secondary dendrite arm spacing or SDAS cast aluminum alloys. Microstructures of these alloys are characterized by extremely inhomogeneous distribution of inclusions along the dendrite cell boundaries. Traditional single-step homogenization methods are not suitable for this type of microstructure due to the size of the representative volume element (RVE) and the associated computations required for micromechanical analyses. To circumvent this limitation, two distinct RVE’s or statistically equivalent RVE’s are identified, corresponding to the inherent scales of inhomogeneity in the microstructure. The homogenization is performed in multiple stages for each of the RVE’s identified. The macroscopic behavior is described by a rate-dependent, anisotropic homogenization based continuum plasticity (HCP) model. Anisotropy and viscoplastic parameters in the HCP model are calibrated from homogenization of micro-variables for the different RVE’s. These parameters are dependent on microstructural features such as morphology and distribution of different phases. The uniqueness of the nested two-stage homogenization is that it enables evaluation of the overall homogenized model parameters of the cast alloy from limited experimental data, but also material parameters of constituents like inter-dendritic phase and pure aluminum matrix. The capabilities of the HCP model are demonstrated for a cast aluminum alloy AS7GU having a SDAS of 30 μm.
Serial Estriol Determinations in High-Risk Pregnancies:

Urinary estriol determinations have gained popularity as an indicator of the status of the fetoplacental unit. The author describes their use in high-risk pregnancies as a tool with two primary functions: 1) to confirm fetal well-being, or 2) to supply guidelines for intervention when fetal well-being is in doubt. Research in the area is also reviewed. Simple steps for patient counseling are given on an “Instruction Sheet,” and other implications for primary care nursing me discussed.
p75 neurotrophin receptor signaling: mechanisms for neurotrophic modulation of cell stress?

The recent recognition that the p75 neurotrophin receptor, p75((NTR)), can induce apoptotic signals has contributed to the perception that it acts primarily as a death receptor. Although the molecular mechanisms of p75(NTR) signaling remain to be fully characterized, many of the currently identified pathways activated by p75(NTR) may be generally characterized as stress response signals. This review describes recent advances in identifying the molecular components involved in p75(NTR) signal transduction and suggests that p75(NTR) signaling may more aptly serve as a general mechanism for the transduction and modulation of stress signals.
In Retrospect: Fernel's Physiologia

The seeds of systems biology were sown 450 years ago by a classic medical text, explains G. Rickey Welch.
Worry as a function of public speaking state anxiety type

Although most speakers become progressively more comfortable while presenting public speeches, a process called habituation, many others experience increased psychological discomfort, usually during the first moments of their presentations. Previous researchers refer to this phenomenon as sensitization. One explanation for these pattern differences is that excessive worrying disrupts the processing of emotional stimuli thereby contributing to sensitization. In the present study, 60 speakers, 30 of each pattern type, present five‐minute informative speeches to audiences composed of 20 peers plus an instructor. Immediately following the presentations, speakers indicate the degree to which they made negative self‐statements while speaking. The results demonstrate that sensitizers report more worrisome thoughts during public speaking than habituators. In the present study, differences in pattern type account for 39.6% of the variance in worry during public speaking.
Case reports: Granular cell tumors of extremities: Comparison of benign and malignant variants

Granular cell tumors are uncommon soft tissue neoplasms that arise from cells of neural origin. We present three patients with this rare tumor: one with a benign tumor, one with a malignant tumor, and one with a histologically benign tumor that later metastasized to the lung. We studied the difficulty in differentiating between the benign and malignant variants using only histology. We also compared the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features and the criteria for malignancy, natural history, and prognosis.
A PROCEDURE FOR QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF MALIC AND TARTARIC ACIDS OF GRAPE JUICE

The ion-exchange behaviors of succinic, malic and tartaric acids on Amberlite resins are evaluated. Retention and detector response data on silyl derivatives of several organic acids are presented. A procedure for the purification of grape juice by use of ion-exchange resins prior to gas chromatography is described. The malic and tartaric acid contents (g/100 ml juice) respectively, of commercially acceptable grapes were found to be: Thompson Seedless 0.25, 0.90; Cardinal 0.31, 0.91; Beauty Seedless 0.19, 0.62; Perlette 0.26, 0.97; Exotic 0.27, 0.36; and Robin 0.41, 0.37.
Improving collision induced dissociation (CID), high energy collision dissociation (HCD), and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) fourier transform MS/MS degradome-peptidome identifications using high accuracy mass information.

MS dissociation methods, including collision induced dissociation (CID), high energy collision dissociation (HCD), and electron transfer dissociation (ETD), can each contribute distinct peptidome identifications using conventional peptide identification methods (Shen et al. J. Proteome Res. 2011), but such samples still pose significant informatics challenges. In this work, we explored utilization of high accuracy fragment ion mass measurements, in this case provided by Fourier transform MS/MS, to improve peptidome peptide data set size and consistency relative to conventional descriptive and probabilistic scoring methods. For example, we identified 20–40% more peptides than SEQUEST, Mascot, and MS_GF scoring methods using high accuracy fragment ion information and the same false discovery rate (FDR) from CID, HCD, and ETD spectra. Identified species covered >90% of the collective identifications obtained using various conventional peptide identification methods, which significantly addresses the common i...
Effect of Structured Atomic Gold on Electrooxidation of Alcohols in Alkaline Medium

Survey of cyclic voltammograms of lower aliphatic alcohols in 1 M KOH recorded at electrodes containing atomic gold is presented. The atomically structured gold is placed in polyaniline, which is deposited on a platinum electrode. The electrochemical behavior of these atomic gold electrodes (AGE) is compared with Pt/polyaniline electrode without gold and with Pt/polyaniline electrode containing “unstructured” nanoclusters of Au. The conditions were identical for all of the experiments. This allows direct visual comparison of the effect of atomic structuring. The electrochemical activity of the AGEs is dominated by the odd–even pattern of reactivity, and it is superimposed on specific electrochemical behavior of individual alcohols.
Responses of ring-necked pheasant chicks (Phasianus colchicus) to conspecific calls

Abstract The locomotor responses of pheasant chicks to conspecific calls and the vocalizations of the chicks relating to their locomotor responses were measured in a test apparatus permitting approach or retreat movements. The brood-gathering call and the content call elicited strong approach from chicks. The alarm call and the squeak call inhibited locomotion in chicks. The hiss call, brood-caution call, fright call and flock call do not greatly affect the locomotion of subjects. The flock call appears to be primarily a care-soliciting call. Conspecific calls appear to be important to the survival of young pheasant chicks in the wild.
Identification of DNA sequences required for activity of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter

Although promoter regions for many plant nuclear genes have been sequenced, identification of the active promoter sequence has been carried out only for the octopine synthase promoter. That analysis was of callus tissue and made use of an enzyme assay. We have analysed the effects of 5' deletions in a plant viral promoter in tobacco callus as well as in regenerated plants, including different plant tissues. We assayed the RNA transcription product which allows a more direct assessment of deletion effects. The cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter provides a model plant nuclear promoter system, as its double-strand DNA genome is transcribed by host nuclear RNA polymerase II from a CaMV minichromosome. Sequences extending to -46 were sufficient for accurate transcription initiation whereas the region between -46 and -105 increased greatly the level of transcription. The 35S promoter showed no tissue-specificity of expression.
A test of written emotional disclosure as an intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder.

This study examined the efficacy of the written emotional disclosure (WED) procedure with a sample of young adults who met diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants were randomly assigned to either WED or a control writing condition and were assessed at baseline and one month following the writing sessions. During each writing session, participants’ heart rate was recorded; participants also provided self-report ratings of emotional responding. Findings indicated no significant group differences for PTSD and depression symptom severity at follow-up assessment. Relative to control participants, WED participants displayed significantly greater heart rate activity and reported greater emotional responding during the first writing session; however, no reduction in emotional responding occurred for either condition from the first to the last writing session. Taken together, these findings indicate that WED may not be an efficacious intervention for PTSD. Suggestions are made for future work in this area.
Influence of proximal axonal swellings on rhythmic motoneuron firing.

Abstract Previous studies of electrophysiological function of motoneurons (MNs) in animals with β,β′-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) neuropathy revealed alterations in action potential discharge indicative of enhanced MN excitability. These changes, particularly manifested in increased numbers of delayed depolarizations and repetitive firing upon single stimulation, are strikingly similar to those observed in axotomized MNs. The present study extends the parallels between axotomized and neuropathic conditions by assessing rhythmic firing responses of MNs to direct current injection in cats treated with IDPN (50 mg/kg/week for 5 weeks). Changes in excitability and frequencycurrent relationships were studied on Day 35 of IDPN intoxication and compared to those reported for axotomized (chromatolytic) MNs. In treated animals, lumbar MNs had increased thresholds for sustained discharge, tended to achieve higher maximum discharge frequencies, and adapted less to continuous current injection. In untreated cats 74% of MNs exhibited firing in both primary and secondary ranges, whereas only 39% of those in treated animals made the transition to secondary range firing. Most fired monotonically in the primary range with unchanged slope of the frequency-current relationships. When achieved, secondary range slopes were one-third of normal. MN afterhyperpolarization peak amplitude, duration, and conductance were reduced while input resistance was increased. The findings are discussed in terms of altered MN and dendritic excitability induced by the neuropathy, and similarities to electrophysiological changes in axotomized MNs.
Recasting alternative agriculture as a management model: The value of adept scaling

Abstract This paper identifies the significance of scale considerations as applied to agricultural resource management. Scaling is the act of defining the spatiotemporal level or levels of interest when attempting problem solving. A goal commonly proposed by the diverse interests working toward an alternative agriculture is sustainability. To date, advocates of sustainability have failed to scale meaningfully both their critique of conventional agriculture and the alternatives they represent. Because sustainability is inherently sensitive to changes in analytic context (i.e., is scale-relative), in the absence of explicit scaling, sustainability is unworkable as a measure of system performance. The importance of scale as applied to the concept of sustainability in hierarchical systems has been noted (Lowrance et al., 1986; Am. J. Altern. Agric., 1: 169–173), however, the implications of this finding have not been confronted in the subsequent literature. Going beyond Lowrance et al. (1986), this paper describes the error that accompanies improperly scaled assessment of agricultural sustainability, and identifies two important considerations that emerge through explicit scaling: (1) the necessity of consistent and timely integration of local information into upper-level decision-making, and (2) the necessity of recognizing the scalar level of the downside of resource allocation trade-offs and addressing them accordingly. The first of these considerations suggests the need for agricultural systems that are resilient to collapse from unpredictable and potentially fundamental disturbance. Through incorporation of local information, it is possible to maintain coherent strategies aimed at upper-level objectives (e.g., biodiversity conservation) while supporting the integrity of lower-level sub-systems (e.g., community economic vitality). The second consideration that arises from explicit scaling indicates the value of developing systems which are buffered against political paralysis caused by negative impacts of resource allocation decisions. Victims, or losers, result from allocation and reallocation functions. These individuals and/or institutions must be addressed. Recent enthusiasm regarding win-win scenarios in many cases is buoyed by scaling error. Explicit recognition of the implications of necessary trade-offs, both positive and negative, promotes the development of mechanisms to support losers. Failure to confront the fact that losers are consistently produced exaggerates the negative impact they have on system performance. We define holistic management as identifying, assimilating, and acting on information in a manner consonant with the contextual spatiotemporal scale of the problem at hand. The fundamental challenge facing agriculture is integration of multiple considerations across levels in the system. Explicitly scaled analysis and action in a holistic setting is proposed as a means by which alternative agriculture can respond to this challenge.
Clinical spectrum of primary ophthalmic rhabdomyosarcoma.

Abstract Purpose To review the clinical presentation, histopathologic analysis, management, and ocular and systemic outcome of rhabdomyosarcoma affecting the ocular region. Design Retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive, interventional case series. Participants Thirty-three consecutive patients with primary ophthalmic involvement of rhabdomyosarcoma from a single tertiary care center specializing in ocular oncology. Main outcome measures Final visual acuity, treatment complications, local recurrence, and distant metastasis. Results The mean age at presentation was 10 years (median, 7 years; range, 1 month-68 years). At presentation, 8 patients (24%) were older than age 10 years and 4 patients (12%) were older than 20 years. The rhabdomyosarcoma was primarily located in the orbit in 25 cases (76%), conjunctiva in 4 cases (12%), eyelid in 1 case (3%), and uveal tract in 3 cases (9%). Symptoms or signs related to the tumor were present for a mean of 5 weeks and included proptosis in 10 patients (30%), eyelid swelling in 7 patients (21%), and blepharoptosis in 6 patients (18%). The initial diagnosis before referral to us included rhabdomyosarcoma in 8 cases (24%), conjunctivitis in 5 cases (15%), orbital or preseptal cellulitis in 5 cases (15%), idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor in 4 cases (12%), and others. Using the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group staging and treatment protocols, the tumor was classified as group I in 4 cases (12%), group II in 12 cases (36%), group III in 16 cases (48%), and group IV in 1 case (3%). Treatment included surgical debulking and various regimens of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the periocular tumors and enucleation for the three intraocular tumors. Local tumor recurrence was detected in 6 patients (18%). Orbital exenteration was necessary for tumor recurrence in 2 cases (6%). Long-term visual outcome of the 28 patients who maintained their globe was 20/20 to 20/40 in 11 patients (39%), 20/50 to 20/100 in 5 patients (18%), and 20/200 to no light perception in 12 patients (43%). Regional lymph node metastasis was detected in 2 patients (6%), one at initial visit and one after therapy. Distant metastasis occurred in 2 patients (6%), one detected at initial visit and one after therapy. With mean follow-up of 8.3 years, tumor-related death occurred in 1 patient (3%). Conclusions Rhabdomyosarcoma can present in the orbit, eyelid, conjunctiva, and uveal tract. After treatment, local tumor recurrence occurs in 18%, metastasis in 6%, and death in 3%.
Detection of the Sanfilippo D syndrome by the use of a radiolabeled monosaccharide sulfate as the substrate for the estimation of N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase.

Abstract N -Acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase activity was assayed by incubation of the radiolabeled monosaccharide N -acetylglucosamine [1- 14 C]6-sulfate (GlcNAc6S) with homogenates of leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts and concentrates of urine derived from normal individuals, patients affected with N -acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase deficiency (Sanfilippo D syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID), and patients affected with other mucopolysaccharidoses. The assay clearly distinguished affected homozygotes from normal controls and other mucopolysaccharidosis types. The level of enzymatic activity toward GlcNAc6S was compared with that toward a sulfated disaccharide and a sulfated trisaccharide prepared from heparin. The disaccharide was desulfated at the same rate as the monosaccharide and the trisaccharide at 30 times that of the monosaccharide. Sulfatase activity toward glucose 6-sulfate and N -acetylmannosamine 6-sulfate was not detected. Sulfatase activity in fibroblast homogenates with GlcNAc6S exhibited a pH optimum at pH 6.5, an apparent K m of 330 μmol/liter, and inhibition by both sulfate and phosphate ions. The use of radiolabeled GlcNAc6S substrate for the assay of N -acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in leukocytes and skin fibroblasts for the routine enzymatic detection of the Sanfilippo D syndrome is recommended.
Anhydrite in Nevado del Ruiz November 1985 pumice: relevance to the sulfur problem

Abstract The purpose of this letter is to document the occurrence of anhydrite within a pumice phenocryst, and to determine the sulfur contents of the quenched melts in this pumice and to consider if the anhydrite could have crystallized from the magma. Additionally, the presence is noted in the Central Cordillera, potentially below Nevado del Ruiz, of sulfide- and sulfate-bearing deposits of possible relevance to this problem.
Electroencephalographic responses to alcohol challenge in Native American Mission Indians

Abstract Background: Native Americans have some of the highest rates of alcohol abuse and dependence, yet potential central nervous system risk factors responsible for the problem drinking seen in some tribes remain relatively unknown. Methods: Background electroencephalographic (EEG) variants and response to alcohol were investigated in 48 Native American Mission Indian men between 18 and 25 years old. Results: Subjects with 50% or greater Native American heritage had a significantly higher proportion of low-voltage EEG variants. Within this sample of Mission Indian men, however, a family history of alcohol dependence was associated with a greater incidence of high-voltage alpha EEGs. Mission Indian men also evidenced a “less depressant, more stimulating” response to alcohol as quantified by less alcohol-induced reductions in alpha, greater EEG stability, and increased alcohol-induced beta activity. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that certain genetically regulated EEG variants that have been previously associated with risk for alcoholism in Caucasians may also be more common in these Mission Indian men. Additionally, EEG measures of response to alcohol do not provide support for the commonly held idea that Indians are more sensitive to the depressant effects of alcohol.
Behavioral Compliance with Warnings: Effects of Stress and Placement

Research on the effectiveness of warnings has tended to focus on internal design aspects including variables such as the inclusion of various pictorials, color, and signal words. Only a few studies have examined the influence of warning-related variables that are external to the design of the warning itself although there have been some exceptions such as research on the effects of social influence and cost of compliance. Another potentially important external factor with respect to warning effectiveness is stress. Stress has been shown to influence the quality of decision-making and judgment formation in other domains. The present research examined the effects of stress and warning placement on compliance behavior. Participants were assigned randomly to one of four conditions in a 2 (Stress: lower vs. higher) x 2 (Warning Placement: as a posted sign vs. within a set of task instructions) between-subjects design experiment. In the higher stress condition, participants were given a time limit to complete t...
Castings made directly to refractory dies

Abstract Problems inherent with wax patterns which pertain to dimensional needs and manipulative care are brought into focus. A material is described which functions both as an investing medium and for the construction of dies. The material allows castings to be made directly on their dies. The castings have very good marginal adaptation to the preparations without distortion, even with castings of more than usual length. Frictional adaptation of the castings to their preparations is very desirable. This method allows fabrication of restorations without solder joints as in splints and fixed partial dentures.
Microcomputer-based multiple overcurrent relays

Abstract This paper presents an application of the most recent modern technology to implement overcurrent relaying functions in a power system. A microprocessor-based single and multiple overcurrent relays have been reported. In this work it is shown that a microcomputer in conjunction with an interface board can be economically used to develop a system of several independent overcurrent relays. Unlike the approaches proposed in the literature, the proposed system allows engineers to implement up to 128 overcurrent relays with off-the-shelf equipment. The software to run the system has been developed on Basic as well assembly language and implemented on a 386/DX microcomputer and the high-performance DAS-20 interface board from MetraByte. This will aid the engineers to implement overcurrent relaying with commercially available low-cost equipment.
Test of independence of a class of bivariate distributions based on mutual information

In this paper we studied the entropies and the mutual information of several bivariate distributions that are used in reliability theory. We observed that the mutual information of these distributions are identical and is a function of the dependence parameter only. We proposed a general class of bivariate distributions whose members have this common mutual information. We developed the maximum likelihood estimator of this dependence parameter and hence the estimator of the mutual information for this class of distributions. We used this estimator to construct an exact test of independence of the random variables and studied its power function
Damage detection by statistical analysis of vibration signature

This paper studies damage detection using structural frequency response functions (FRFs). In practice, one major difficulty of using FRFs for damage detection is that the vibration signatures are inevitably contaminated by noise. Sensitivity to detect damage is severely impaired as abnormality information caused by the damage could be covered up by the relatively high measurement noise. To tackle this issue and to develop a robust damage detection protocol, a feature extraction/de-noising methodology based on principal component analysis (PCA) is implemented. We first establish a feature space of the intact structure by using multiple measurements with noise. Abnormal signature that is different from the baseline signature can then be identified and magnified after signal reconstruction using intact structure features. Essentially, the directionality between an inspected signal and the baseline signal in the feature space is used as index of damage occurrence. Numerical examples demonstrate that, in all cases considered, the new methodology has good accuracy and high sensitivity for structural damage detection. The relation between detectability, damage severity, noise level, and the number of data sets of the intact structure is examined.
Overthrusting and sediment accretion along Kilauea's mobile south flank, Hawaii: Evidence for volcanic spreading from marine seismic reflection data

A large, intermittently active, submarine landslide known as the Hilina slump has been interpreted along the south flank of Kilauea volcano. Seaward-dipping faults on land mark its headwall, and an offshore bench may define its uplifted toe. Geodetic data show that the entire south flank is also moving seaward, by a process referred to as volcanic spreading; this provides an alternative explanation for the bench, i.e., overthrusting along the edge of the sliding flank. The latter interpretation is consistent with new seismic reflection data across the submarine flank. A prominent reflection near the top of the oceanic plate suggests the decollement upon which the mobile flank slides. Landward-dipping reflections rise from this horizon and bound packages of bedded strata faulted and imbricated within the bench. The absence of correlative seaward-dipping faults and rotated strata on the upper flank suggests that the bench is not coupled to a slump. Moreover, kinematic reconstructions of the bench indicate that it has accommodated 15–24 km of displacement. This value is consistent with estimates for rift-zone extension but too high for shortening at the toe of a slump. We interpret the bench to result from overthrusting and accretion of volcaniclastic sediments to the edge of the mobile flank, and suggest that morphologic benches develop preferentially where landslide debris has accumulated near the base of the volcano and can be accreted to its sliding edifice.
Ultraviolet Photodetector Fabricated From Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Zinc-Oxide Nanowires/p-GaN Composite Structure

An ultraviolet (UV) heterojunction photodetector was fabricated from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/zinc-oxide nanowires (NWs)/p-GaN composite structure. The photodetector demonstrated significant rectifying characteristics and relative fast transient response with response time on the order of milliseconds. Under back illumination, the photodetector exhibited a narrow bandpass photoresponse spectrum (13-nm full-width at half-maximum) centered at 375 nm with a maximum responsivity of 6 mA/W. The good performance of this heterojunction photodetector is attributed to improved carrier transport and collection efficiency through the MWCNTs network deposited on top of the ZnO NWs.
Ocean acidification outweighs nutrient effects in structuring seagrass epiphyte communities

Summary 1. Developing a framework for assessing interactions between multiple anthropogenic stressors remains an important goal in environmental research. In coastal ecosystems, the relative effects of aspects of global climate change (e.g. CO2 concentrations) and localized stressors (e.g. eutrophication), in combination, have received limited attention. 2. Using a long-term (11 month) field experiment, we examine how epiphyte assemblages in a tropical seagrass meadow respond to factorial manipulations of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2(aq)) and nutrient enrichment. In situ CO2(aq) manipulations were conducted using clear, open-top chambers, which replicated carbonate parameter forecasts for the year 2100. Nutrient enrichment consisted of monthly additions of slow-release fertilizer, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), to the sediments at rates equivalent to theoretical maximum rates of anthropogenic loading within the region (1.54 g N m 2 d 1 and 0.24 g P m 2 d 1 ). 3. Epiphyte community structure was assessed on a seasonal basis and revealed declines in the abundance of coralline algae, along with increases in filamentous algae under elevated CO2(aq). Surprisingly, nutrient enrichment had no effect on epiphyte community structure or overall epiphyte loading. Interactions between CO2(aq) and nutrient enrichment were not detected. Furthermore, CO2 (aq)-mediated responses in the epiphyte community displayed strong seasonality, suggesting that climate change studies in variable environments should be conducted over extended time-scales. 4. Synthesis. The observed responses indicate that for certain locations, global stressors such as ocean acidification may take precedence over local eutrophication in altering the community structure of seagrass epiphyte assemblages. Given that nutrient-driven algal overgrowth is commonly cited as a widespread cause of seagrass decline, our findings highlight that alternate climate change forces may exert proximate control over epiphyte community structure.
Leta Stetter Hollingworth: A personal profile of Nebraska's pioneering psychologist

Dr. Hollingworth weathered a stormy childhood on Nebraska's late‐19th century western frontier. Leta Hollingworth's childhood, historical records suggest, predestined a unique personal and professional style which, years later, beneficially influenced numerous colleagues and students.
Yeast Two Hybrid Analyses Reveal Novel Binary Interactions between Human Cytomegalovirus-Encoded Virion Proteins

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the largest human herpesvirus and its virion contains many viral encoded proteins found in the capsid, tegument, and envelope. In this study, we carried out a yeast two-hybrid (YTH) analysis to study potential binary interactions among 56 HCMV-encoded virion proteins. We have tested more than 3,500 pairwise combinations for binary interactions in the YTH analysis, and identified 79 potential interactions that involve 37 proteins. Forty five of the 79 interactions were also identified in human cells expressing the viral proteins by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiments. To our knowledge, 58 of the 79 interactions revealed by YTH analysis, including those 24 that were also identified in co-IP experiments, have not been reported before. Novel potential interactions were found between viral capsid proteins and tegument proteins, between tegument proteins, between tegument proteins and envelope proteins, and between envelope proteins. Furthermore, both the YTH and co-IP experiments have identified 9, 7, and 5 interactions that were involved with UL25, UL24, and UL89, respectively, suggesting that these “hub” proteins may function as the organizing centers for connecting multiple virion proteins in the mature virion and for recruiting other virion proteins during virion maturation and assembly. Our study provides a framework to study potential interactions between HCMV proteins and investigate the roles of protein-protein interactions in HCMV virion formation or maturation process.
Joint action of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Predictive modeling of sublethal toxicity

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) typically contaminate the environment as complex assemblages of different chemical compounds. Modeling approaches provide a means of estimating the toxicity of these PAH mixtures. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the joint effects of four PAHs: pyrene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and naphthalene, on the growth rate of the crustacean Daphnia magna during sub-chronic exposure could be accurately predicted using a mathematical algorithm for concentration addition based upon the assumption that these PAHs impact growth by a common mode of action. Assessment of the individual toxicity of the four PAHs confirmed that these compounds elicited the common effect of retarding growth of daphnids at concentrations below those that were lethal to the organisms. Using the experimentally derived toxicity parameters for the individual chemicals, the toxicity of multiple mixtures of these four PAHs was modeled. These mixtures were based on concentrations reported in the environment and on equi-toxic concentrations. The effects of over 140 combinations of four mixture formulations on the growth rate of daphnids were experimentally determined and compared to model predictions. The concentration addition models tended to over predict the joint toxicity of these PAH mixtures and experimental data was better represented by an alternative model based upon the concept of independent joint action. Mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations were predicted and experimentally demonstrated to have no effect on daphnid growth rates. Results indicate that PAHs elicit toxicity to daphnids by multiple mechanisms and demonstrate an appropriate modeling approach to assess the toxicity of these mixtures.
Microleakage of a 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride bonding agent with amalgams

Abstract Microleakage contributes to deterioration of materials, recurrent decay, growth of microorganisms at the interface, and postoperative tooth sensitivity. This study examined the microleakage between amalgams and tooth surfaces with a cavity liner, a 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride bonding agent (Amalgambond) and six different types of amalgams. Class 1 cavity preparations in extracted human molars were filled with different combinations of liners and amalgams and were stored at 37° C in physiologic saline solution. After 1 week half of each amalgam restoration was removed. Within the same group the same cavity treatment was performed and the same type of amalgam was packed as before. Microleakage was determined after 2000 thermal cycles. Statistical analysis indicated that Amalgambond significantly reduced microleakage of different amalgams compared with the Copalite-lined and unlined controls. No microleakage was detected at the interface between the existing and replacement amalgams.