cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Bestimmung und Abgrenzung des Familienunternehmens

Um die beiden im vorangegangenen Abschnitt aufgeworfenen Fragen zu beantworten, soll in diesem und dem darauffolgenden Kapitel auf Basis theoretischer Uberlegungen empirisch untersucht werden, ob, und wenn ja inwiefern, ein clusterbildendes Verfahren bei der Erklarung der Heterogenitat zwischen Familienunternehmen helfen kann.
Flow of Microencapsulated Phase Change Material Slurry through Planar Spiral Coil

ABSTRACTForced convection cooling is an effective method in thermal management that relies mainly on dissipating heat by pumping heat transfer fluid (HTF) through the heat source. In this paper, we investigate the thermal properties enhancement of dielectric water as the HTF. To enhance the properties of the HTF, microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) will be added to the base fluid. The MPCMs are composed of phase change material (PCM) encapsulated with shell materials. The PCM inside the capsules may undergo a phase change. This leads to a significant heat gain and release. The numerical model is developed to solve for continuity, momentum, and heat transfer equations using the finite volume method. The behavior of the MPCM slurry in curved channels, generates unique patterns due to different viscosity values and the centrifugal forces. Our preliminary numerical data on MPCM slurry through planar spiral coil heat exchangers show the new patterns of velocity and heat transfer curves. The current...
Paid, Earned, Shared and Owned Media From the Perspective of Advertising and Public Relations Agencies: Comparing China and the United States

Despite the existence of the “great firewall,” advertising and public relations practitioners in China, much like in the United States, are embracing and enacting social media and digital strategie...
Supports and Pushes: Insight into the Problem of Retention of STEM Women Faculty

Much warranted attention over the past few decades has been devoted to the problem of retaining women faculty in academe, particularly in areas where they are poorly represented such as in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. This study uses descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling techniques to identify factors related to STEM women faculty members’ intention to leave. Findings revealed several significant pathways and provide insight into this critical issue. Implications of the findings, in connection with extant research and higher education practices, are discussed.
Optimal synthesis of periodic sorption enhanced reaction processes with application to hydrogen production

Abstract A systematic design and synthesis framework for multi-step, multi-mode and periodic sorption-enhanced reaction processes (SERP) is presented. The formulated nonlinear algebraic and partial differential equation (NAPDE)-based model simultaneously identifies optimal SERP cycle configurations, design specifications and operating conditions. Key modeling contributions include a generalized boundary-condition formulation and a representation that enables the selection of discrete operation modes and flow directions using continuous pressure variables. A simulation-based constrained grey-box optimization strategy is employed to obtain optimal cycles and design parameters. The framework has been used for designing two SERP systems, namely sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) and sorption-enhanced water gas shift reaction (SE-WGSR), for maximizing hydrogen productivity and minimizing hydrogen-production cost. Specifically, a cyclic SE-SMR process is designed that obtains 95% pure hydrogen from natural gas with 35% higher productivity and 10.86% lower cost compared to existing small-scale, distributed systems. The developed synthesis framework can also be applied for other applications.
RELATIVISTIC CALCULATIONS USING EXPLICITLY CORRELATED GAUSSIAN FUNCTIONS

The Gaussian basis functions were long considered inappropriate for relativistic calculations because of their inability to reproduce the analytic behavior of the exact wave functions in the vicinity of nuclei, where the relativistic effects become the most important. However, it turns out that by using techniques relying on global rather than local properties of the Gaussian functions, extremely high quality results can be obtained. This Chapter reviews one- and two-electron calculations of lowest-order corrections to the electronic energy and static polarizability, within the frameworks of the Pauli approach and the direct perturbation theory (DPT).
Hepatotoxicity of antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiparasitic agents.

Several antibiotics are known to be hepatotoxic. Apart from subtle, reversible, and often inconsequential abnormalities, cholestasis is the predominant presentation that has a protracted and disabling course. Hepatitis, like illness, is characteristic of some drugs, and chronic liver disease may evolve. It is important to recognize if a patient has an adverse reaction to a drug because continuing use of the drug in the face of hepatitis can have disastrous consequences. Chronic liver disease may ensue and progress onto cirrhosis ; this has typically been seen following use of isoniazid and nitrofurantoin. Cholestatic liver disease can progress into a chronic form of a ductopenic state ; this is particularly seen after antibiotic-related cholestasis.
The Topology of the Total Charge Density in Binuclear Transition-Metal Complexes That Formally Contain Metal-Metal Bonds

The quantum theory of atoms in molecules and the topological theory of molecular structure define atoms and bonds, respectively, in terms of the electronic charge distribution, p(r) [1]. This identification enables X-ray crystallographers and theoretical chemists to discuss the properties of atoms and bonds using a familiar and common language. The results from the first such analysis of transition-metal complexes will be presented. The binuclear systems Mn2(CO)10, Fe2(CO)9 and Co2(CO)8 have been studied to determine whether or not their corresponding molecular structures contain metal-metal bonds. At a level of theory that is generally found to be sufficient for predicting chemical structures (i.e. the network of topologically defined bond paths that link the atoms as opposed to the precise geometrical structure of the molecule), only Mn2(CO)10 possesses a metal-metal bond.
Low-Pass Filter Effects on Metrics of Countermovement Vertical Jump Performance.

Harry, JR, Blinch, J, Barker, LA, Krzyszkowski, J, and Chowning, L. Low-pass filter effects on metrics of countermovement vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) studies using ground reaction force (GRF) data analyze either unfiltered (i.e., raw) or filtered data while providing little-to-no justification for the selected filtering process. Inappropriate filter choices can lead to inaccurate study results and erroneous interpretations. We examined the effects of not filtering GRF data in comparison with filtering data with various objectively and subjectively selected cutoff frequencies. Twenty-one collegiate male basketball players completed 3 maximal-effort CMVJ trials while GRF data were obtained from 2 force platforms. Countermovement vertical jump performance, explosiveness, power output, and neuromuscular function variables were compared among the following methods using one-way repeated-measures analyses of variance (α = 0.05): no filtering (raw data), a standard 50-Hz cutoff (50 Hz), a visually determined cutoff frequency describing the frequency band containing the majority of the summed (visual inspection 1) or not-summed (visual inspection 2) GRF signal's frequency content, filtering the summed (99% signal power 1) or not-summed (99% signal power 2) GRF using a cutoff frequency retaining 99% of the signal power. The raw data method produced significantly shorter concentric phase times and significantly greater center of mass flight heights (∼3%), modified reactive strength indices (RSIMOD; ∼4%), power outputs (∼6%), and push-off distances (∼4%) than 99% signal power 1 and 2 (p 0.05). Low-pass filtering is not necessary when analyzing GRF data from the CMVJ. However, a low-pass filter with a 50-Hz cutoff can remove noise without altering results when compared with raw data. Explicit methodological descriptions of filtering processes should always be provided to improve the integrity of future CMVJ analyses, comparisons among various studies' results, or both.
Geography of music access, race, and SES in NYC public schools: public vs. charter

This study explores segregation and privatization in NYC public schools through the lens of early childhood music education. On a macro level (district/citywide), this article compares access to mu...
Shapes and Fall Speeds of Freezing and Frozen Raindrops

AbstractThis study investigates the shapes and fall speeds of freezing and frozen raindrops through field observations using an instrument called the High-Speed Optical Disdrometer (HOD) that we de...
Trusting Kind Friends and Fair Leaders: How Relationships Affect the Antecedents of Trust

While a robust literature explores the antecedents of trust in organizations, thus far, none has addressed how and why the nature of trust differs across relationships. In the present research, we ...
THE DISTRIBUTION AND CHEMISTRY OF H2CO IN THE DM TAU PROTOPLANETARY DISK

H2CO ice on dust grains is an important precursor of complex organic molecules (COMs). H2CO gas can be readily observed in protoplanetary disks and may be used to trace COM chemistry. However, its utility as a COM probe is currently limited by a lack of constraints on the relative contributions of two dierent formation pathways: on icy grain-surfaces and in the gas-phase. We use archival ALMA observations of the resolved distribution of H2CO emission in the disk around the young low-mass star DM Tau to assess the relative importance of these formation routes. The observed H2CO emission has a centrally peaked and radially broad brightness prole (extending out to 500 AU). We compare these observations with disk chemistry models with and without grain-surface formation reactions, and nd that both gas and grain-surface chemistry are necessary to explain the spatial distribution of the emission. Gas-phase H2CO production is responsible for the observed central peak, while grainsurface chemistry is required to reproduce the emission exterior to the CO snowline (where H2CO mainly forms through the hydrogenation of CO ice before being non-thermally desorbed). These observations demonstrate that both gas and grain-surface pathways contribute to the observed H2CO in disks, and that their relative contributions depend strongly on distance from the host star. Subject headings: Protoplanetary Disks, Astrochemistry, Circumstellar Matter, ISM: Molecules, Radio Lines: ISM
Comment on “Increased growing-season productivity drives earlier autumn leaf senescence in temperate trees”

Zani et al (Research Articles, 27 November 2020, p. 1066) propose that enhancement of deciduous tree photosynthesis in a CO2-enriched atmosphere will advance autumn leaf senescence. This premise is not supported by consistent observations from free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments. In most FACE experiments, leaf senescence or abscission was not altered or was delayed in trees exposed to elevated CO2.
Testamentary Substitutes — A Time for Statutory Clarification

Elective share statutes subjecting inter vivos transfers with retained powers or interests to the surviving spouse's right of election are deceptively simple and frequently do not adequately protect the spouse from disinheritance. This article discusses the application of these statutes to trusts, contracts and custodian accounts. Statutory intricacies are examined and guidelines for legislative reform to correct fundamental deficiencies and clarify ambiguities are proposed. Relevant portions of the federal estate tax law that have objectives in common with elective share statutes are also analyzed. The article offers meaningful ideas that will prove helpful in dealing with testamentary substitutes.
Nested Fabry-Perot in mode-locked lasers to monitor minute changes of index

An uncoated glass etalon inserted in a mode-locked laser results generating two nested frequency combs. The ratio of their frequencies, insensitive to external parameters, is an accurate measure of the optical path in the etalon.
Cyclical variability of bond risk premia: A note

Abstract Using a newly developed model, this paper investigates the cyclical behavior of bond risk premia. It is shown that cyclical variability may result simply from the way risk premia are calculated and does not depend on changes over the business cycle in probability of default, investors' attitudes toward risk or institutional behavior. In addition, expectations concerning the likely time of default are shown to be a potential source of cyclical variability and to imply a specific cyclical pattern of risk premia.
Three-Flight Free-Standing Stairs

A three-flight free-standing stairs can be architecturally attractive and will give new opportunities to architects and design engineers. This type of stairs usually comprises two flights and a middle flight that is connected to the two intermediate landing slabs with uniform thickness. The entire structure is of reinforced concrete construction. The literature available on this type of stairs is limited.
Every three-point set is zero dimensional

This paper answers a question of Jan J. Dijkstra by giving a proof that all three-point sets are zero dimensional. It is known that all two-point sets are zero dimensional, and it is known that for all n > 3, there are n-point sets which are not zero dimensional, so this paper answers the question for the last remaining case.
A positive realness test for interval plants

The purpose of this study is to consider the interval plants and propose positive realness test of extreme numerical simplicity. The stability part of the test involves the four Kharitonov polynomials, while the nonnegativity part requires checking a single (numerical) polynomial for nonnegativity. It is shown that this fact implies that Lur'e-type systems with interval plants can be tested for absolute stability by checking the positivity of a single polynomial using the modified Routh area. >
Using ITS data to manage transportation infrastructure

In recent years, a number of large cities have employed intelligent transportation system (ITS) methods to reduce traffic congestion. Under the sponsorship of the ITS Joint Program Office (JPO), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a metropolitan ITS infrastructure deployment tracking system. The purpose of this system is to provide Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and JPO with an assessment of the level of deployment of the components of the intelligent transportation infrastructure (ITI). Detailed data on the amount, place, benefits, and cost of the deployment of the urban ITI have been gathered for seventy-eight (78) of the largest urban areas, with the population over 50,000 or more. This paper describes an innovative study, using various data mining and data archiving techniques, to assess the operational benefits of advanced traffic management systems to take advantages of the ITS systems and to manage many available ITS infrastructure already in place.
Calculating Software Generators from Solution Specifications

We have successfully demonstrated an automated transformation system that compiles practical software modules from the semantic specification of a domain-specific application design language. The integrated suite of transformation and translation tools represents a new level of design automation for software. Although there is much more that can be done to further improve the performance of generated code, the prototype system demonstrates the feasibility of this approach.
Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric veins

Nonthrombotic occlusion or stenosis of the mesenteric veins is a rare cause of intestinal ischemia that usually occurs in association with systemic vasculitis. The current report includes four male patients with segmental ischemic colitis caused by idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia in the small mesenteric veins and their intramural branches; neither vasculitis nor arterial involvement were present. Three of the four patients were less than or equal to 38 years of age; the fourth was 67. All four patients were previously healthy and had no history of drug use of any kind. Clinical findings included abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stools, and colonic strictures discovered by barium enema. The intima of the mesenteric and intestinal mural veins was focally thickened by a marked increase in cells and matrix between the endothelium and internal elastic lamina, whereas the vessel walls external to the thickened intima appeared normal. Histochemistry and immunoreactivity with antibodies to muscle-specific actins (HHF-35) disclosed that the intimal thickening was caused by proliferation of smooth muscle cells in a proteoglycan matrix. All patients recovered completely after segmental resection of the ischemic portion of the colon and had no recurrence of intestinal symptoms on follow-up of up to 7 years. These unusual venous lesions do not appear to have been previously described; their etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown.
Influence of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid cytokines in severe chronic periodontitis.

Tymkiw KD, Thunell DH, Johnson GK, Joly S, Burnell KK, Cavanaugh JE, Brogden KA, Guthmiller JM. Influence of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid cytokines in severe chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38: 219–228. 38: 219–228. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01684.x. Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the expression of 22 chemokines and cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis and periodontally healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods: Forty subjects with generalized severe chronic periodontitis (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) and 12 periodontally healthy control subjects participated in this study. Four diseased and two healthy sites were selected from each of the periodontitis subjects. GCF samples were collected and cytokines analysed utilizing a multiplexed immunoassay (Luminex®). Statistical analyses employed non-parametric tests including the Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests. Results: Compared with healthy control subjects, GCF in subjects with chronic periodontitis contained significantly higher amounts of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12(p40) (pro-inflammatory cytokines); IL-8, macrophage chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) (chemokines); IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-3, IL-4 (Th1/Th2 cytokines); IL-15 [regulator of T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells]. Smokers displayed decreased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines [IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12(p40)], chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1, RANTES), and regulators of T-cells and NK cells (IL-7, IL-15). Conclusions: Periodontitis subjects had significantly elevated cytokine and chemokine profiles. Smokers exhibited a decrease in several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and certain regulators of T-cells and NK-cells. This reflects the immunosuppressant effects of smoking which may contribute to an enhanced susceptibility to periodontitis.
Does learning a language require the child to reconceptualize the world

Abstract Sortal concepts, lexicalized as count nouns in languages with a count/mass distinction, provide criteria for individuation and numerical identity. This paper examines Quine's and Piaget's claims that babies and young children lack the logical resources to represent sortal concepts. Evidence is marshalled against the Quine/Piaget position, in favor of a view that even young infants represent at least one sortal concept, physical object, which provides spatiotemporal criteria for individuation and identity. Evidence is also provided that babies below 11 months of age may not represent more specific sortals such as cup, animal, bottle, or book. Rather, they may conceptualize these entities in a way closely related to Quine's hypothesis.
SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF REGIONS AND STRUCTURES IN THE INTERSTELLAR BOUNDARY EXPLORER (IBEX) SKY MAPS

We study the spectral properties of different regions and structures in the energetic neutral atom (ENA) maps at energies from {approx}0.5 keV to {approx}6 keV from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission. We find that (1) an ankle-shaped break (spectrum hardens) between {approx}1 keV and {approx}2 keV characterizes the polar spectra and the right flank, while a knee-shaped break (spectrum softens) describes the ribbon, nose, and the front region spectra; (2) the spectral indices across full latitudinal range (tail and poles) comprise a dependence reflecting a knee break at mid latitudes and an ankle break at high latitudes. This latitudinal evolution has inflection points at {approx}40 deg. S and {approx}36 deg. N, and is strongly correlated with the solar wind speed structure obtained by the Ulysses/SWOOPS instrument during its fast latitude scan in 2007. Our study confirms that the ecliptic latitude predominantly orders the spectral signatures of ENA distributions. This ordering may reflect the average solar wind properties that vary characteristically with latitude around solar minimum. We report on the spectral analyses of six regions and two structures in the IBEX maps. We also discuss the spectral asymmetries between the north and the south polar regions, their correlation with solarmore » wind measurements, and the implications of these observations. Thus, we show detailed connections between the IBEX energy spectra and latitudinal properties of solar wind.« less
A Convergence of Health Beliefs: An "Ethnography of Adherence" of African-American Rural Elders with Hypertension

This study assessed the influence of health beliefs on prescribed dietary behaviors in chronic hypertension management among forty-one rural Southern African-Americans age 65+. Despite the overwhelming prevalence of hypertension-related morbidity and mortality, research efforts to determine what accounts for decisions to follow physician's recommendations have been fragmented, interventions inappropriate, and adherence to these recommendations reportedly limited. Adherence was evaluated through a 24-hour dietary recall, food frequency, and physician's consultation. Health beliefs were assessed through various structured questionnaires and unstructured interviews. Results indicate that the influence of health beliefs on the decision to follow treatment recommendations is complex, as study members tend to maintain both "traditional" and biomedical health orientations and practices. The author concludes by making substantive recommendations to researchers, providers and planners designed to improve health ou...
On the photoionization of pyrene in dielectric hydrocarbon liquids and the effect of electron attaching additives on the photoionization onset

Abstract The first photoionization onset, IL1, of pyrene was measured in seven liquid media comprising a dialectric hydrocarbon liquid and an electron attaching additive (A). The IL1 of pyrene was found to be independent of the dielectric hydrocarbon liquids and the concentration of A used. The average value (5.48 eV) of IL1 for all cyclic A's (c-C7F14, c-C6F12, c-C8F16) was lower by ≈0.40 eV compared to its value (5.88 eV) for the non-cyclic A (PFn-H). These findings have been rationalized on the basis of the time evolution of the photoionization and electron capture processes, and the electron attaching properties of A.
The compositional classification of chondrites: V. The Karoonda (CK) group of carbonaceous chondrites

Abstract Petrographie and bulk compositional data reveal the existence of a new group of carbonaceous chondrites consisting of the observed fall, Karoonda, one large find from Maralinga, Australia, and 6–11 small finds from five sites in Antarctica. Ningqiang, also a fall, is genetically related to the group. Compositional, textural, and O-isotope data show that the new group is closely related to CV and CO chondrites. In keeping with the practice of naming carbonaceous chondrite groups after a prominent member, we designate it the Karoonda or CK group. All normal CK members are metamorphosed; petrographie grades range from 4 to 6. Some contain shock veins and all exhibit various degrees of blackening due to the dispersion of fine particles of sulfides and magnetite in silicates. Only one other group (EL) has no unequilibrated members. The unequilibrated Ningqiang chondrite is more similar to CK than to CV or CO chondrites, but differs significantly (e.g., low refractory lithophiles, high Mn and Na) in detailed composition. Elemental abundance patterns in CK chondrites are similar to those in CO chondrites, and even more similar to those in CV chondrites. Refractory lithophile abundances are about 1.21× greater than in CI chondrites, a level intermediate between those in CO and CV chondrites; CK refractory siderophile abundances are also intermediate between CV and CO levels. The CK volatile abundance pattern is quite similar to the CV pattern, with CK abundances of most volatiles 10–20% lower than CV values. It appears that nebular conditions and processes were closely similar at the CK and CV formation locations. Although precise probability calculations are difficult because of uncertainties regarding pairing and because so few samples are known, the exceptional abundance of CK chondrites in Antarctica requires an explanation. We suggest that compared to other groups, such as CO or CV, the fragmentation of the CK parent object(s) produced a substantially larger proportion of small meteoroids.
Getting to know yourself ... and others

Carruthers rejects developmental evidence based primarily on an argument regarding one skill in particular: understanding false beliefs. We propose that this rejection is premature; and that identifying and examining the development of other subcomponent skills important for metacognition and mindreading, such as the ability to assess levels of knowledge, will in fact be useful in resolving this debate.
An engineered second disulfide bond restricts lymphotactin/XCL1 to a chemokine-like conformation with XCR1 agonist activity

Chemokines adopt a conserved tertiary structure stabilized by two disulfide bridges and direct the migration of leukocytes. Lymphotactin (Ltn) is a unique chemokine in that it contains only one disulfide and exhibits large-scale structural heterogeneity. Under physiological solution conditions (37 degrees C and 150 mM NaCl), Ltn is in equilibrium between the canonical chemokine fold (Ltn10) and a distinct four-stranded beta-sheet (Ltn40). Consequently, it has not been possible to address the biological significance of each structural species independently. To stabilize the Ltn10 structure in a manner independent of specific solution conditions, Ltn variants containing a second disulfide bridge were designed. Placement of the new cysteines was based on a sequence alignment of Ltn with either the first (Ltn-CC1) or third disulfide (Ltn-CC3) in the CC chemokine, HCC-2. NMR data demonstrate that both CC1 and CC3 retain the Ltn10 chemokine structure and no longer exhibit structural rearrangement. The ability of each mutant to activate the Ltn receptor, XCR1, has been tested using an intracellular Ca2+ flux assay. These data support the conclusion that the chemokine fold of Ltn10 is responsible for receptor activation. We also examined the role of amino- and carboxyl-terminal residues in Ltn-mediated receptor activation. In contrast to previous reports, we find that the 25 residues comprising the novel C-terminal extension do not participate in receptor activation, while the native N-terminus is absolutely required for Ltn function.
Oxidation state of sulfur in thiosulfate and implications for anaerobic energy metabolism

Abstract Disproportionation of thiosulfate is an important pathway in bacterial energy metabolism in anoxic sediments. It has been described as an inorganic fermentation process in which a part of the molecule is oxidized to sulfate, while the other stoichiometrically equivalent part is used as electron acceptor and reduced to sulfide. However, an intramolecular redox change is difficult to envisage because, according to the currently held view, the two sulfur atoms of thiosulfate exist in the oxidation state of sulfate (+6) and sulfide (−2) and do not change their respective oxidation states upon disproportionation. Our results based on XANES spectroscopy indicate that the two different sulfur atoms in thiosulfate have charge densities corresponding to +5 and −1 oxidation states which support a redox mechanism in the disproportionation of thiosulfate to sulfate and sulfide.
LONG-TERM CULTURAL CHANGE IN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

It was hypothesized that animistic thinking and thinking about specific moral dilemmas have been affected by cultural events in the last few decades. Animistic thinking was examined in second graders (n = 73) and was found to have declined markedly since 1929. In fifth and sixth graders (n = 144) moral reasoning about slavery was at a significantly higher level than moral reasoning on six other dilemmas. Cognitive progress thus seems to be positively affected by cultural changes which are long-term and which allow the child time to consolidate the information and experience provided.
Stochastic modeling of nonisothermal flow during resin transfer molding

Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) offers the potential to manufacture reinforced thermosetting composites of complex geometries cost-effectively, and at high throughputs. Strong uncertainties inherent in the process, however, stymie robust production of quality composites via this route. Although a number of numerical models have been developed over the years to describe the process, a thorough and systematic analysis of the parameter uncertainties has been the subject of little attention, and forms the focus of this study. This paper presents a stochastic model to investigate the effects of process and material parameter uncertainties on the nonisothermal filling process during resin transfer molding. The analysis is performed in terms of four dimensionless parameters that concisely represent the process physics, and provide for a generalized applicability of the study over a wide range of processing configurations. Parametric studies are conducted to identify optimum values of the dimensionless quantities that minimize the fill time, while simultaneously minimizing the output parameter variabilities. The results of the study provide valuable insight towards robust manufacture of composite materials.
Test quality for high level structural test

Using complex (high-level) gates, such as multiplexers, full adders, etc., for automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) has several advantages. It makes A TPG faster and potentially reduces the size of the test set that needs to be applied. A variety of other techniques are used to reduce the size of test sets for digital chips. They typically rely on preserving the single-stuck-fault coverage of the test set. This paper presents data obtained from applying a variety of test sets on the ELF35 test chip and recording the test escapes. The data presented show the test quality effect of using complex gates as fault sites. The paper also shows the impact of test compaction and reduced fault coverage on the test quality.
A follow-up to "scale effects in memory for the time of events": the earthquake study.

This study is a follow-up to Friedman and Wilkins's (1985)experiments on memory for the time of past events. That research showed that judgments of the time of past news events are often more accurate on finer than on grosser time scales. This finding is consistent with a reconstruc­ tive model but troublesome for models emphasizingjudgments of the age of a memory. The present study was designed to control for the possibility that scale differences in Friedman and Wilkins's study were due to the use of general time knowledge to infer when events of a given sort were likely to have occurred. Ninety-nine subjects estimated the time of an earthquake that had oc­ curred 9 months prior to recall and that they reported having actually experienced. Separate estimates were given on each of five time scales ranging from year to hour. Recall of hour was extremely accurate in spite of the relative inaccuracy of the next three grosser time scales. This and other results support Friedman and Wilkins's original interpretation. On Friday, January 31, 1986, at approximately 11:50 a.m., an earthquake struck northeastern Ohio, pro­ viding a fortuitous control condition for Friedman and Wilkins's (1985) study of the processes used when peo­ ple recall the time of past events. In the previous study, the subjects were asked to give separate estimates of the time of 10 news events on each of five time scales from year to hour. The results showed that for several of the events, month and hour were identified more accurately than longer time scales. These findings support a recon­ structive model rather than models based on information about the age of the memory (e.g., Hinrichs, 1970; Mur­ dock, 1974) or its accessibility (Brown, Rips, & Shevell, 1985). The present work is an extension of the original study by Friedman and Wilkins (1985) and was designed to re­ solve an ambiguity in its results. The ambiguity was caused by the fact that for many of the stimulus events, estimates could be constrained in time simply by subjects' knowledge of when events of that kind usually occur. This would make it difficult to distinguish between memory in the narrow sense and inference. For example, weddings typically take place during the daytime and during the summer months. Since these sorts of constraints may be present to a greater extent for some time scales than others, it is possible to attribute scale differences in ac­ curacy to the differential utility of the information pro­ vided in the event descriptions. In Experiment 2 of the first study, Friedman and Wilkins tried to estimate the contribution of general time knowledge by asking sub­ jects to choose times for fictitious stories whose descrip­ tions corresponded to the events in Experiment 1. The
Hippo/Yap signaling controls epithelial progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in the embryonic and adult lung

The Hippo/Yap pathway is a well-conserved signaling cascade that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation to control organ size and stem/progenitor cell behavior. Following airway injury, Yap was dynamically regulated in regenerating airway epithelial cells. To determine the role of Hippo signaling in the lung, the mammalian Hippo kinases, Mst1 and Mst2, were deleted in epithelial cells of the embryonic and mature mouse lung. Mst1/2 deletion in the fetal lung enhanced proliferation and inhibited sacculation and epithelial cell differentiation. The transcriptional inhibition of cell proliferation and activation of differentiation during normal perinatal lung maturation were inversely regulated following embryonic Mst1/2 deletion. Ablation of Mst1/2 from bronchiolar epithelial cells in the adult lung caused airway hyperplasia and altered differentiation. Inhibitory Yap phosphorylation was decreased and Yap nuclear localization and transcriptional targets were increased after Mst1/2 deletion, consistent with canonical Hippo/Yap signaling. YAP potentiated cell proliferation and inhibited differentiation of human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Loss of Mst1/2 and expression of YAP regulated transcriptional targets controlling cell proliferation and differentiation, including Ajuba LIM protein. Ajuba was required for the effects of YAP on cell proliferation in vitro. Hippo/Yap signaling regulates Ajuba and controls proliferation and differentiation of lung epithelial progenitor cells.
The Relationship of Maternal Employment to Early Adolescent Daily Experience With and Without Parents

This study examines how maternal work may shape pre- and young adolescents' daily life experience. According to the procedures of the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), 295 10– 13-year-old children carried electronic pagers for 1 week and completed self-report forms in response to random signals sent every other hour. Their daily experience did not differ by maternal employment status, with the following exceptions: full-time maternal employment was associated with more time doing homework with mothers and less time in general leisure, while part-time employment was associated with more time doing sports with parents. Relative to those with nonemployed mothers, youth with part-time employed mothers reported more positive daily moods and higher self-esteem, while youth reported time with full-time employed mothers to be the friendliest. While children with employed mothers spent no less time with family, parents, friends, in class or alone, they spent more time alone with fathers.
Nucleoside-Mediated Mitigation of 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Toxicity in Synchronized Murine Erythroleukemic Cells☆

Abstract 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent known to retard embryonic growth and induce cleft palate and limb deformities. The predominant mechanism underlying its toxic action is thought to be inhibition of thymidylate synthetase (TS), and hence thymidine triphosphate (dTTP) synthesis, resulting in alteration of the balance of deoxynucleotide (dNTP) pools and disruption of DNA synthesis. Indeed, previously we demonstrated retarded cell-cycle progression concurrent with a 60% decrease in TS activity in rat whole embryos following maternal exposure to 40 mg/kg 5-FU on Gestational Day 14 and in the murine erythroleukemic cell (MELC) suspension culture following exposure to 5–25 μ m 5-FU for 2 hr. In the study described herein, we used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to demonstrate in both of these model systems that 5-FU exposure results in similar patterns of dNTP perturbations: a prolonged decrease in dTTP and dGTP levels and an increase in dCTP and dATP. In addition, we used centrifugal elutriation to synchronize MELC in the phases of the cell cycle (G 0 /G 1 and early S) most sensitive to 5-FU to investigate the ability of nucleoside supplementation to mitigate 5-FU-induced toxicity. Our data indicate that following a 2-hr exposure to 5–25 μ m 5-FU, supplementation with 1–10 μ m thymidine (TdR) for 24 hr partially reverses 5-FU-induced toxicity as evidenced by increased cellular proliferation and cell-cycle progression and amelioration of 5-FU-induced perturbations of protein synthesis and cellular membrane permeability compared to unsupplemented 5-FU-exposed cells. However, TdR concentrations ≥100 μ m inhibited growth or were cytotoxic. In comparison, supplementation with 10 μ m –10 m m of deoxycytidine (CdR) was not toxic, but effected a dose-dependent recovery from 5-FU-induced toxicity. At 1–100 μ m , neither deoxyadenosine nor deoxyguanosine supplementation reduced 5-FU-induced toxicity; at higher concentrations, both purine nucleotides inhibited cell growth. Although these results support the hypothesis that 5-FU disrupts the MELC cell cycle by depleting dTTP (a perturbation that is reversible by TdR supplementation), they also indicate that CdR supplementation offers an additional recovery pathway.
Efficacy of the ViziLite system in the identification of oral lesions.

Purpose Early detection of oral cancer is crucial in improving survival rate. To improve early detection, the use of a dilute acetic acid rinse and observation under a chemiluminescent light (ViziLite; Zila Pharmaceuticals, Phoenix, AZ) has been recommended. However, to date, the contributions of the individual components of the system have not been studied. The present study was done to investigate the efficacy of the individual components of the ViziLite system in providing improved visualization of early oral mucosal lesions. Patients and Methods A total of 100 patients, 39 males and 61 females, age 18 to 93 years (mean age, 44 years), who presented to the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry for dental screening were examined. There were 58 Caucasians, 29 African-Americans, 5 Hispanics, 6 Asians, and 2 of mixed ethnicity. Thirty-five patients smoked, 53 used alcohol, and 25 both smoked and drank. After written consent, the oral cavity was examined under incandescent light for soft tissue abnormalities. After 1-minute rinse with 1% acetic acid, the mouth was re-examined for additional mucosal abnormalities. Then, the mouth was examined once again using the ViziLite system’s chemiluminescent light. Any lesions detected by these 3 examinations that were clinically undiagnosable were brush biopsied (Oral CDx) for determination of cellular representation. Results In the original examination of the 100 patients, 57 clinically diagnosable benign lesions (eg, linea alba, leukoedema) and 29 clinically undiagnosable lesions were detected. After the rinse, 6 additional diagnosable lesions (linea alba) and 3 undiagnosable lesions were found. No additional lesions were detected with the chemiluminescent light. Of the 32 undiagnosable lesions that were brush biopsied, 2 were positive for atypical cellular characterization and warranted further investigation with a scalpel biopsy. Neither of these lesions was found to be premalignant or malignant. Conclusion Although the acid rinse accentuated some lesions, the overall detection rate was not significantly improved. The chemiluminescent light produced reflections that made visualization more difficult and thus was not beneficial.
Analysis of Pleiotropic Transcriptional Profiles: A Case Study of DNA Gyrase Inhibition

Genetic and environmental perturbations often result in complex transcriptional responses involving multiple genes and regulons. In order to understand the nature of a response, one has to account for the contribution of the downstream effects to the formation of a response. Such analysis can be carried out within a statistical framework in which the individual effects are independently collected and then combined within a linear model. Here, we modeled the contribution of DNA replication, supercoiling, and repair to the transcriptional response of inhibition of the Escherichia coli gyrase. By representing the gyrase inhibition as a true pleiotropic phenomenon, we were able to demonstrate that: (1) DNA replication is required for the formation of spatial transcriptional domains; (2) the transcriptional response to the gyrase inhibition is coordinated between at least two modules involved in DNA maintenance, relaxation and damage response; (3) the genes whose transcriptional response to the gyrase inhibition does not depend on the main relaxation activity of the cell can be classified on the basis of a GC excess in their upstream and coding sequences; and (4) relaxation by topoisomerase I dominates the transcriptional response, followed by the effects of replication and RecA. We functionally tested the effect of the interaction between relaxation and repair activities, and found support for the model derived from the microarray data. We conclude that modeling compound transcriptional profiles as a combination of downstream transcriptional effects allows for a more realistic, accurate, and meaningful representation of the transcriptional activity of a genome.
Invariant imbedding and radiation dosimetry. IX. Inverse problem of determining a plane source in a finite isotropically scattering target slab

Abstract Considering a homogeneous, isotropically scattering target slab of optical thickness x, containing an internal plane emitting source, the aim of the present paper is to determine the distribution of the internal emitting source by measuring the angular distribution of the intensity of radiation emergent from the slab. First, a system of differential recurrence relations for the intensity of finite order scattered radiation emergent from the top is deduced. In other words, a Cauchy system for determining the finite order emergent intensity is expressed in terms of a source function in the diffuse radiation field and the Fredholm resolvent that were computed in a preceding paper [cf. Bellman, Ueno, and Vasudevan, Math. Biosci. 15, 195–203 (1972)]. Then, the quasilinearization technique is used to solve the inverse problem of determining characteristics of the internal source by measuring the radiation field emergent from the top. This method will be employed in future computations relating to realistic situations in the radiation diagnosis and therapy.
Implementation research design: integrating participatory action research into randomized controlled trials

A gap continues to exist between what is known to be effective and what is actually delivered in the usual course of medical care. The goal of implementation research is to reduce this gap. However, a tension exists between the need to obtain generalizeable knowledge through implementation trials, and the inherent differences between healthcare organizations that make standard interventional approaches less likely to succeed. The purpose of this paper is to explore the integration of participatory action research and randomized controlled trial (RCT) study designs to suggest a new approach for studying interventions in healthcare settings. We summarize key elements of participatory action research, with particular attention to its collaborative, reflective approach. Elements of participatory action research and RCT study designs are discussed and contrasted, with a complex adaptive systems approach used to frame their integration. The integration of participatory action research and RCT design results in a new approach that reflects not only the complex nature of healthcare organizations, but also the need to obtain generalizeable knowledge regarding the implementation process.
Wavefront propagation simulations for a UV/soft x-ray beamline: Electron Spectro-Microscopy beamline at NSLS-II

A source-to-sam ple w avefront propagation analysis of the E lectron S pectro-M icroscopy (E S M ) U V / soft X -ray beam line, w hich is under construction at the N ational Synchrotron L ight S ource II (N S L S -II) in the B rookhaven N ational L aboratory, has been conducted. A ll elem ents of the beam line - insertion device, m irrors, variable-line-spacing gratings and slits - are included in the sim ulations. R adiation intensity distributions at the sam ple position are displayed for representative photon energies in the U V range (20 - 100 eV ) w here diffraction effects are strong. T he finite acceptance of the refocusing m irrors is the dom inating factor lim iting the spatial resolution at the sam ple (by ~ 3 P m at 20 eV ). A bsolute estim ates of the radiation flux and energy resolution at the sam ple are also obtained from the electrom agnetic calculations. T he analysis of the propagated U V range undulator radiation at different deflection param eter values dem onstrates that w ithin the beam line angular acceptance a slightly red-shifted radiation provides higher flux at the sam ple and better energy resolution com pared to the on-axis resonant radiation of the fundam ental harm onic. K eyw ord s: physical optics, w avefront propagation, soft X -ray beam line
Journal Title Transfers: The Process, the Complexities, the Problems, and What the Transfer and KBART Working Groups are Doing to Address Them

This article examines the complicated process of journal title transfers in the electronic environment. A detailed look at summary title transfer data from the past two years outlines the untimely nature of the title transfer process. Also addressed are how two National Information Standards Organization (NISO)/United Kingdom Serials Group (UKSG) Working Groups, Knowledge Bases and Related Tools (KBART) and Transfer, are working to address some of the problems and streamline the process. Last, an automated and standardized method by which electronic holdings data could be processed is proposed for future work.