cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The electrical axis of the fetal heart: a new criterion for fetal well-being or distress.

Abstract 1.1. The method for the calculation of the electrical axis of the fetal heart is reviewed with the use of a normal example, and limitations are discussed. 2.2. Eleven examples are drawn from a series of 2,500 cases which serve to illustrate the frequent right axis deviation observed associated with intrauterine difficulty and distress. 3.3. It is shown that instances of postmaturity, pre-eclampsia, and cord complications are often associated with marked right axis shifts in the fetal A QRS , as well as with delayed cry, delayed respiration, or cyanosis at birth. 4.4. It is shown that the fetal electrocardiogram, which makes available electrical axis information and waveform information, in addition to the older criteria of rate and rhythm information, provides major and significantly increased information relating to the state of the fetus in utero. 5.5. In physiologic terms, it is suggested that a right axis shift for the fetal A QRS is consistent with impaired oxygenation and/or increased pulmonary arterial pressure. 6.6. A normal range for the fetal A QRS is proposed, as well as definitions for right axis and left axis deviation for the fetal heart, as follows: Normal range, 100 to 160 degrees; right axis shift or deviation, values greater than 160 degrees; left axis shift or deviation, values less than 100 degrees.
Quantum gravity via supersymmetry and holography

This chapter offers a survey of ideas and results in the approach to quantum gravity based on supersymmetry, strings, and holography. Extra spatial dimensions appear naturally in this approach, so to set the stage we begin in Section 12.1 with a discussion of general relativity in more than four spacetime dimensions. In higher dimensions, one encounters a richness of structure with no parallel in 4D. Even in vacuum gravity, this includes black hole solutions with non-spherical horizon topologies, black hole non-uniqueness, and regular multi-horizon black holes. We give an overview of such solutions and their properties, both in the context of Kaluza–Klein theory and for asymptotically flat boundary conditions. A very interesting extension of general relativity is to include matter in such a way that the action becomes invariant under supersymmetry transformations. Supersymmetry is a remarkable symmetry that relates bosons and fermions. It is the only possible extension of the Poincare group for a unitary theory with non-trivial scattering processes. Supersymmetry is considered a natural extension of the standard model of particle physics; the study of how supersymmetry is broken at low energies, and its possible experimental consequences, is an important active research area in particle physics. Furthermore, independently of its potential phenomenology, supersymmetry offers strong calculational control and that makes it a tremendously powerful tool for analyzing fundamental properties of quantum field theories. When supersymmetry and general relativity are combined, the result is supergravity. The metric field is accompanied by a spin-3/2 spinor field and this gives a beautiful and enticing playground for advancing our understanding of quantum gravity. Supergravity theories exist in spacetime dimensions D ≤ 11 and they provide a natural setting for studies of charged black holes. Certain extremal limits of charged black holes in super-gravity are invariant under supersymmetry; such ‘supersymmetric black holes’ are key for understanding the statistical mechanical nature of black hole thermodynamics, specifically the microstates responsible for the Hawking–Bekenstein entropy. An example of a super- symmetric black hole is the extremal Reissner–Nordstrom solution.
QuikSCAT Radiometer (QRad) rain rates for wind vector quality control

The Sea Winds scatterometer onboard the QuikSCAT satellite measures the ocean normalized radar cross section to infer the surface wind vector. In addition, SeaWinds simultaneously measures the polarized microwave brightness temperature of the ocean/atmosphere, and this passive microwave measurement capability is known as the QuikSCAT Radiometer (QRad). QRad brightness temperatures are used to infer instantaneous rain rates over oceans using a statistical retrieval algorithm that has been developed using collocated QRad brightness temperatures with TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) rain rate measurements. In this paper, QRad retrieved rain rate examples are presented and comparisons are made with independent near simultaneous rain observations including the TRMM 3B42RT data product. This near-real-time global precipitation data product combines all passive microwave with geostationary visible/infrared precipitation estimates in global 3-hour universal time windows. Results demonstrate that QRad rain measurements agree well with these independent microwave rain observations, which demonstrates the utility of using QRad rain retrievals as a "stand alone rain quality flag".
Acute cognitive impairment in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the acute effects of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Au-HSCT) on the neuropsychological functioning of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The prevalence of cognitive deficits after induction chemotherapy (pre-AuHSCT) was examined in patients with MM, clinically significant changes in cognitive function 1 and 3 months post-AuHSCT were determined, and patients who may be vulnerable to cognitive decline during this period were identified. METHODS: A total of 53 patients with MM were recruited pre-AuHSCT. Neuropsychological tests measuring multiple cognitive domains (attention, psychomotor speed, learning/memory, language, executive function, motor function) were administered preAuHSCT and 1 and 3 months post-AuHSCT. A pretreatment assessment was not available. An Overall Cognitive Function Index was computed to determine cognitive impairment pre-AuHSCT, and a practice-effect-adjusted Reliable Change Index was used to determine cognitive change over time. RESULTS: Overall, deficits were more frequent in learning/memory, executive function, motor function, and psychomotor speed. Before AuHSCT, 47% of patients (25/53) exhibited cognitive impairment as determined by the Overall Cognitive Function Index. One month post-AuHSCT, 49% of patients (20/41) demonstrated clinically significant decline on 1 or more measures; 3 months post-AuHSCT, 48% (14 of 29 patients) showed decline on 1 or more measures. Older patients, minorities, and those with advanced disease, more induction cycles, or postinduction deficits showed greater vulnerability to decline. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of the patients showed vulnerability to impairment in learning/memory or executive function after receiving induction therapy, and the prevalence of impairment remained high post-AuHSCT. Awareness of cognitive impairment and associated risk factors in actively treated patients is important for considering psychosocial or other support for patients with acute cognitive symptoms. Cancer 2013;119:4188-95. V C 2013 American Cancer Society.
Differential Effects of Dietary Methyl Esters of Long-Chain Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Rat Liver and Adipose Tissue Lipogenesis

Four experiments were conducted to investigate what influence methyl esters of CiÂ«:o,Ci8:o, Ci8:i, C18:2, and Cis-.a fatty acids exert on rat liver and adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis and related enzymes when supplemented to a fat-free diet (FF). A randomized complete block design, in which rats were matched for body weight and food intake, was utilized. Rats previously adapted to a meal-eating regimen (access to food from 0900 to 1200 hours ) were fed a FF-diet for 7 days prior to the addition of the respective dietary fatty acids. In experiments 1 to 3, all esters were supplemented at a level of 3% of the daily FF-diet allotment. The apparent absorbabilities of C18:0 and Ci8:u were determined to be 40% and 35%, while values for Ci8:i, GIÂ«^,and Ci8:3 were 88%, 87%, and 89%, respec tively. In comparison to the FF dietary treatment, polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ci8:2 and C^s) were able in three of four experiments to reduce the rate of hepatic fatty acid synthesis and the activities of hepatic fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME). In all four experiments, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity was significantly de pressed by Ci8:2 and CiR:3. Ci8:i produced an intermediate rate of in vitro liver fatty acid synthesis, but exerted no significant effect on hepatic lipo- genic enzyme activities. Adding Ci6:0 or Ci8:0 to the FF-diet had no de pressive effect on hepatic fatty acid synthesis, but Ci8;0 supplementation was associated with a significant increase in hepatic FAS, G6PD and ME activities. Neither unsaturated nor saturated fatty acids affected adipose tissue FAS, G6PD or ME activities or rates of fatty acid synthesis. The lack of influence of Ci6:u and Ci8:0 may have been partially due to their poor absorbability. Therefore, in experiment 4 a level of 7% Cieio supple mentation was compared to 3% C\g-.2or Ci8:3. This resulted in comparable amounts of fatty acid absorbed. Both Ci8:a and Cis-.a addition to the FF- diet were equally effective in significantly depressing in vivo hepatic fatty acid synthesis, and FAS, G6PD and ME activities by more than 50%. Cie:o had no suppressive action on liver fatty acid synthesis or related enzyme activities. Again adipose tissue lipogenesis remained unchanged by dietary fat treatment. These data clearly demonstrate that Ci8:2 and Ci8:3 specifically inhibit rat liver fatty acid synthesis, independent of carbohydrate intake. Under these conditions adipose tissue lipogenesis was unaffected by low levels of dietary fat regardless of the degree of unsaturation. J. Nutr. 107: 1170-1181,1977.
Fever Management Practices of Neuroscience Nurses, Part II: Nurse, Patient, and Barriers

Fever is frequently encountered by neuroscience nurses in patients with neurological insults and often results in worsened patient outcomes when compared with similar patients who do not have fever. Best practices in fever management are then essential to optimizing patient outcomes. Yet the topic of best nursing practices for fever management is largely ignored in the clinical and research literature, which can complicate the achievement of best practices. A national survey to gauge fever management practices and decision making by neuroscience nurses was administered to members of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses. Results of the questionnaire portion of the survey were previously published. This report presents a content analysis of the responses of neuroscience nurses to the open-ended-question portion of the survey (n = 106), which revealed a dichotomous primary focus on nursing- or patient-related issues. In addition, respondents described barriers and issues in the provision of fever-management care to neuroscience patients. In order to advance national best practices for fever management in neurologically vulnerable patients, further work needs to be conducted, particularly with regard to necessary continuing education for staff, facilitation of interdisciplinary communication, and development of patient care protocols. Neuroscience nurses are in an excellent position to provide leadership in these areas.
Measurement and Communication of Bridge Performance with Remote Sensing Technologies

The importance of a functional and efficient transportation network system is well known to the traveling public, but the financial and technical requirements to keep this infrastructure in a state of good repair often are not well understood. From the standpoint of functionality, a bottleneck typically can be traced to the condition of bridges, which continues to be a major challenge as funds shrink. Nearly 12% of the more than 600,000 bridges in the United States were categorized in 2010 as structurally deficient. Much of this deterioration relates directly not only to the lack of funding, staffing, and resources to maintain this infrastructure but also to the lack of tools for proper assessment of the degree of deterioration, which can be unaccounted for in the routine inspection process. The use of remote sensing to assess the condition of a bridge is a relatively new concept in the monitoring of structural health. For the typical bridge engineer, remote sensing can mean enhanced and safer inspection ...
StateMiner: an efficient similarity-based approach for optimal mining of role hierarchy

Recently, there is a growing trend of organizations migrating to RBAC because of the economic benefits that RBAC provides, and the ease of administration. In order to deploy an RBAC system, one requires to first identify a complete set of roles. This process, known as role engineering, has been identified as one of the costliest tasks in migrating to RBAC. Several approaches have been proposed that mostly use data mining techniques to discover roles. However, most of them do not consider the existing roles and try to define everything from scratch, which is not acceptable for organizations that already have an RBAC system in place. In this paper, we formally define the problem of mining role hierarchy with minimal perturbation and present StateMiner, a heuristic solution to find an RBAC state as similar as possible to both the existing state and the optimal state. We present experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Survey of the Termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae) of Lanyu Island, Taiwan

Lanyu Island (= Botel Tobago Island; Orchid Island) is a 48-km2 volcanic island, -90 km south east of Taiwan Island. Oshima (1912) and Tu (1955) conducted a termite survey on Lanyu Is land, and recorded 6 species (3 families, 6 genera) in total, but the voucher specimens were neither mentioned nor available. During 10-12 Jun 2007, we collected 24 termite colony samples from 11 lo calities along roadsides, in structures, and on boats on the island (Fig. 1). Our survey also yielded 6 species in 6 genera and 3 families (Table 1). Identifications were made by Li based on orig inal descriptions and references listed in Table 1. The voucher specimens are deposited in the Uni versity of Florida Termite Collection, Fort Lau derdale Research and Education Center, and Na tional Taiwan University, Department of Ento mology, Taipei, Taiwan. The 6 species with brief description are the following. Cryptotermes domesticus (Haviland): Alates were taken from a sport-fishing yacht, and 4 other colonies were found in the dead branches of living trees. This distribution pattern indicates that Cr. domesticus is a structural pest and also a wood land species of Lanyu Island. In Taiwan Cr. do mesticus was only found in structural wood (Li, unpublished data). Miller & Paton (1983) re ported that Cr. domesticus is indigenous and only found in mangroves in northern Australia near Darwin, but is a domestic pest in northern Queens land. We assume that Lanyu Island and North Australia are the northern and southern limits of
Combinatorics reduction for target recognition in ATR applications

Object recognition is by nature a combinatorially explosive problem, and the combinatorics is especially worse when recognizing a 3-D object from a single 2-D image. This is because of the large search space consisting of all the possible viewing angles, translation parameters and object models. Thus there is a need to develop methods to reduce the search combinatorics. Towards this end we have developed methods to reduce search combinatorics in target recognition in ATR applications. Some of these methods make use of domain specific information leading to what are called strong search methods in artificial intelligence. Other methods use more general methods leading to what are called weak methods. In this paper we discuss one of the strong methods we have developed.
Quantitative determination of γ-globulin in the human sera by column chromatography

Abstract A quantitative method for determination of γ-globulin in sera is reported. The technique is based on chromatographic separation of γ-globulin from all other proteins and from compounds present in the sera which in subsequent steps of the determination would interfere with adsorption at low wavelengths. The sera, diluted 50 times before analysis, are pipetted on the column filled with DEAE-Sephadex gel in beaded form and eluted with a phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. The separated γ-globulin is measured at 220 mμ and converted to per cent of γ-globulin per 100 ml sera from a standard curve. After chromatographic treatment, the concentrated eluates were assayed by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and only γ-globulin was found to be present. The eluates were further studied by double diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis, using antisera to IgG, IgA, and IgM. By both assay methods only one line was demonstrable corresponding to IgG (7S γ-globulin). The technique is simple, fast, and gives results that reproduce well.
Antigen dependent adjuvant activity of a polydispersed β-(1,4)-linked acetylated mannan (acemannan)

The adjuvant properties of a polydispersed beta-(1,4)-linked acetylated mannan, acemannan (ACE-M), were evaluated. Day-old broiler chicks were randomly selected and allocated to four flocks (Vac 1-4). The Vac 1 flock was sham vaccinated with saline. The Vac 2 flock was vaccinated with an oil-based vaccine (Breedervac III; Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and infectious bronchitis virus). The Vac 3 flock was vaccinated with a vaccine-ACE-M mixture, and the Vac 4 flock was vaccinated with vaccine and ACE-M at separate anatomical sites. ELISA titres to NDV and IBDV were determined. The immune response to NDV at 21 days postvaccination (PV) was significantly enhanced (P less than or equal to 0.05) by the addition of ACE-M to the vaccine, compared with vaccination without ACE-M. Subsequently, the vaccine-ACE-M mixture appeared to suppress the immune response to NDV. However, at day 35 PV, 95% of the Vac 3 chicks compared with 90% of the Vac 2 and 89% of the Vac 4 chicks exhibited protective titres. The response to IBDV differed from that to NDV. At day 21 PV the immune response to IBDV was essentially the same for all flocks that received vaccine, i.e. addition of ACE-M to the vaccine did not significantly enhance the immune response; however, it did significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) sustain the immune response at days 28 and 35. In addition to the observed effect on titres to NDV and IBDV, ACE-M also had an effect on flock immunity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An o-phthalaldehyde spectrophotometric assay for proteinases☆

A rapid and convenient spectrophotometric assay has been devised to measure proteolysis. The assay is based on the reaction of o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and 2-mercaptoethanol with amino groups released during proteolysis of a protein substrate. The reaction is specific for primary amines in amino acids, peptides, and proteins, approaches completion within 1 to 2 min at 25 degrees C (half-times of approx 10-15 s), and requires no preliminary heating or separation of the hydrolyzed products from the undegraded protein substrate prior to performing the assay. The OPA assay was relatively as successful as a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) procedure in predicting the extent of hydrolysis of a protein substrate. The utility of the OPA method was demonstrated by measuring the degree of proteolytic degradation caused by trypsin, subtilisin, Pronase, and chymotrypsin of various soluble protein substrates. Ethanethiol (instead of 2-mercaptoethanol) or 50% of dimethyl sulfoxide can be included in the assay solution to stabilize certain OPA-amine products. The present method approaches the sensitivity of ninhydrin and TNBS procedures, is more convenient and rapid, and could substitute for these reagents in most assay systems.
Processing Of PbTi03 And Pb(ZrxTi1−x)03 Thin Films By Novel Single-Solid-Source Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition

Ferroelectric PbTiO3(PT) and Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT) thin films have been deposited on (100) MgO and (111) Pt/SiO2/(100)Si substrates by using a novel single-solid-source metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique. The new technique uses a powder delivery system to deliver the mixed precursor powders directly into a hot vaporizer from room temperature, therefore, avoiding any problems associated with polymerization or decomposition of the precursors before evaporation. The technique simplifies MOCVD processing significantly and can improve process reliability and reproducibility. The deposited FT and PZT films have a perovskite structure and are highly oriented with respect to the substrate. With improvement of process control, systematic studies of film evolution under various growth conditions have been carried out. Effects of substrate, substrate temperature, system vacuum, and precursor ratios in the mixture on film microstructure and properties will be presented in this paper.
Thiol-disulfide interchange reactions between serum albumin and disulfides

Abstract Thiol-disulfide interchange between serum albumins and l -cystine or lysine vasopressin was studied by p- chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) titration and by incubation with radioactive disulfides followed by separation of reaction products using Sephadex G-15 gel filtration. Good agreement between these two techniques was obtained. Serum albumins were purified by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration, and lysine vasopressin was purified by CM-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-25 gel filtration. [3H]Lysine vasopressin was prepared by reduction of the iodinated hormone with 3H and purified by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The PCMB technique was primarily used to confirm the gel filtration technique. The gel filtration technique was used to measure the kinetic and equilibrium parameters of reactions between l -[14C]cystine and human serum albumin and between [3H]lysine vasopressin and bovine mercaptalbumin. The pH profiles for these reactions were also determined. Kinetic experiments indicated that these thiol-disulfide interchange reactions proceeded at two distinct rates, and equilibrium experiments were measured only with respect to the fast-reacting component. Mg2+ was demonstrated to inhibit the rate and extent of reaction between [3H]lysine vasopressin and bovine serum albumin, while Ca2+ had no significant effect at similar concentrations.
Spallation-driven Ultracold Neutron Sources: Concepts for a Next Generation Source☆

Abstract We present concepts for a next-generation, spallation-driven ultracold neutron source. Our source is based on a 40 liter volume of liquid He held at 1.6 K, with heat removed by “sub-cooled” He technology developed for the Large Hadron Collider's magnet systems. We report on neutronics modeling for two geometries which utilize well-vetted scattering and absorption data developed for the Lujan Center Mark-3 target, as well as promising moderator materials for the cold neutron “pre-moderator” for this source.
Presence of filamin in the astrocytic inclusions of Aicardi syndrome

Aicardi syndrome affects only females and has been hypothesized to be an X-linked dominant male-lethal disorder. Because no familial cases can be studied for genetic linkage analysis, the mutated gene has remained elusive. With the goal of selecting genes for mutation analysis by a functional candidate approach, a detailed pathologic analysis of two brains from deceased Aicardi syndrome patients was performed. The presence of micrencephaly, absent or hypoplastic corpus callosum, polymicrogyria, heterotopia, ventriculomegaly, intracerebral cyst, and intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions was confirmed in glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes in the cortex and heterotopias, but not in white matter. The inclusions demonstrated strong immunolabeling with antibodies to filamin and vimentin but weak labeling with antibodies to proteins S100 and microtubule-associated protein 1. These findings suggested that an underlying defect in the cytoskeleton, which involves filamin, may cause this condition. Because the filamin A gene in Xq28 is mutated in another disorder with heterotopia, familial bilateral periventricular heterotopia, mutation analysis of filamin A in Aicardi syndrome patients was pursued. No mutations were found, and the full-length protein was expressed in both brain samples. Future studies will focus on investigation of X-linked genes that may affect function of filamin or other cytoskeletal proteins.
Can aftershock studies predict site amplification factors? Northridge, CA, earthquake of 17 January 1994

Abstract Three studies of site amplification factors, based on the recorded aftershocks, and one study based on strong motion data, are compared one with another and with the observed distribution of damage from the Northridge, CA, earthquake of 17 January 1994 (ML=6.4). In the epicentral area, when the peak ground velocities are larger than v m ≈15 cm/s , nonlinear response of soil begins to distort the amplification factors determined from small amplitude (linear) wave motion. Moving into the area of near-field and strong ground motion (v m >30 cm/s ), the site response becomes progressively more affected by the nonlinear soil response. Based on the published results, it is concluded that site amplification factors determined from small amplitude waves (aftershocks, small earthquakes, coda waves) and their transfer-function representation may be useful for small and distant earthquake motions, where soils and structures respond to earthquake waves in a linear manner. However in San Fernando Valley, during the Northridge earthquake, the observed distribution of damage did not correlate with site amplification determined from spectra of recorded weak motions. Mapping geographical distribution of site amplification using other than very strong motion data, therefore appears to be of little use for seismic hazard analyses.
Familial Pancreatic Cancer: The Case for Prophylactic Pancreatectomy in Lieu of Serial Screening and Shared Decision Making

At-risk family members with familial pancreatic cancer (FCaP) face uncertainty regarding the individual risk of developing pancreatic cancer (CaP) and whether to choose serial screening or prophylactic pancreatectomy to avoid CaP. We treated 2 at-risk siblings with a history of FCaP, congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF), and jaundice secondary to a bile duct stricture. In one, a pancreaticoduodenal resection was done and in the second a total pancreatectomy. Malignancy was not present, but extensive pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIn) 2 was present throughout both pancreata. The clinical course and literature review are presented along with the previously unreported association of CHF and CaP.
What happened to long-term care in the health reform debate of 1993-1994? Lessons for the future

During 1993 and 1994, the United States debated but did not enact major health care reform. Although the reform efforts focused on providing health coverage for the uninsured and controlling acute care costs, many proposals included substantial long-term care initiatives. President Clinton proposed creating a large home-care program for severely disabled people of all ages and all income groups, among several other initiatives. By stressing non-means-tested public programs, the president's plan was a major departure from the Medicaid-dominated financing system for long-term care. In designing the long-term care component, the Clinton administration addressed many of the basic policy choices that must be decided in all reform efforts, including whether initiatives should be limited to older people or cover people of any age, how to balance institutional and noninstitutional care, whether to rely on government programs or on the private sector, and how to control costs. Analyzing the political and intellectual history of long-term care during the health reform debate provides lessons for future reform.
Using a Google Jockey To Enhance Classroom Discussion

While teaching an undergraduate level seminar class on environmental sustainability, it became apparent that many students lacked the experience to provide a rich set of mental images that would help to frame this topic. To respond to this situation, the authors of this paper employed a Google jockey during class discussions. A Google jockey is a student who surfs the World Wide Web for related material and displays the results to the class during a lecture or discussion. The strength of the Google jockey is that the images she or he finds enrich the ongoing conversation. A Google jockey seems particularly well suited to classes such as seminars, chemistry for nonscience majors, or lectures involving practical contexts.
Goals of male and female college students: Do traditional sex differences still exist?

Importance ratings of reasons for attending college were obtained from male and female undergraduates. Responses were compared for sex differences and were compared to the responses of subjects in the Constantinople (1967) study. The picture of college students that emerged is very different from those of previous studies. Current females did not emphasize career goals less, nor social goals more, than males. Current males were more interested in social aspects of college than were their male predecessors. Male and female concepts of success seemed to differ. To females challenge and accomplishment were most important; to males, complying with parental pressures and economic success were most important.
A Pilot Descriptive Investigation of University Climbing Walls Sanitation Practices and Procedures

There are no uniform, national standards governing the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of climbing walls and climbing facilities (CWA, 2007), and there appear to be no studies or research on cleanliness policies, procedures or protocol for indoor climbing wall facilities. Although no exact figures on participation rates of climbing walls exist, approximately one million Americans age 18-24 participated in bouldering/indoor/sport climbing in 2010 representing a 22.3% increase from 2009 (OIA, 2010). Although participation rates in 2010 are similar to years 2006-2008, it follows that a significant percentage of the one million participants ages 18-24 are using university climbing walls. Recognizing that there may be a real increase in indoor climbing on university campuses and with it related concerns associated with wall sanitation, the primary purpose of this study was to examine sanitation practices, procedures, and policies presently being used at University climbing wall facilities in the United States.
Shaping Up for the Information Revolution

For ten years, since Vice‐President Al Gore coined the phrase “the information highway”, people have been predicting the eventual arrival of an information age in which all the information in the world would be available to the consumer, in the comfort of his or her own home, at the touch of a button. With the rapid convergence of computing and telecommunications technologies over the last decade, the information revolution has arrived sooner than anyone had expected. While the first information highway applications are to be put to the test this summer, other applications are already being predicted that will change the very nature of commerce. The eventual impact of this revolution will not only change the way we do business, but the way we live, for ever. Explains how the new applications will affect all parts of the supply chain from customer service to distribution and how the different technologies are being brought together to create the information highway.
Characterization of an unusual Rho factor from the high G + C gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus.

A transcription termination factor (Rho) was purified from the Gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus, and the complete gene sequence was determined. The M. luteus Rho polypeptide has 690 residues, which is 271 residues more than its homolog from Escherichia coli. Most of the additional residues compose a highly charged, hydrophilic segment that is inserted in a nonconserved region between two conserved regions of the RNA-binding domain of the known Rho homolog proteins. This segment extends from residues 49 to 311 and includes a stretch of 238 residues that contain no hydrophobic side chains. Biochemical studies indicate that the M. luteus protein is very similar to E. coli Rho in terms of its RNA-dependent NTPase activity and its sensitivity to the Rho-specific inhibitor bicyclomycin. However, the M. luteus protein has a less stringent RNA cofactor specificity. It also acts to terminate RNA transcription with E. coli RNA polymerase on the λ cro DNA template, but at much earlier termination stop points than those recognized by E. coli Rho. Thus, the M. luteus protein functions as a true Rho factor, but with a different specificity than that of E. coli Rho. We propose that this altered specificity is consistent with its need to function on transcripts that have a high content of G + C residues.
FLOWER DEVELOPMENT IN NORMAL TOMATO AND A GIBBERELLIN-DEFICIENT (ga-2) MUTANT

Flower buds of a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) gibberellin-deficient mutant (ga-2/ga-2) were initiated, but did not develop to maturity and eventually aborted. If GA{sub 1} was applied to a developing inflorescence or stem tip, completion of flower bud development and fruit set occurred. In development of the ga-2 flowers, the corolla and stamens did not elongate and the style was misshapen or extended past the tip of the anthers. Light microscope observation indicated that meiosis of both microsporocytes and megasporocytes did not occur. Cells of the sporogenous layer were initiated, but growth was arrested and they eventually degenerated. The ovary was normal in appearance. However, the megasporocytes degenerated, giving rise to a cavity in the ovule. Thus, although GA is not required for flower initiation in tomato, it is essential for meiosis of the microsporocytes and megasporocytes and elongation of the corolla and stamens.
The β Subunit Gate Loop Is Required for RNA Polymerase Modification by RfaH and NusG

In all organisms, RNA polymerase (RNAP) relies on accessory factors to complete synthesis of long RNAs. These factors increase RNAP processivity by reducing pausing and termination, but their molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We identify the β gate loop as an RNAP element required for antipausing activity of a bacterial virulence factor RfaH, a member of the universally conserved NusG family. Interactions with the gate loop are necessary for suppression of pausing and termination by RfaH, but are dispensable for RfaH binding to RNAP mediated by the β' clamp helices. We hypothesize that upon binding to the clamp helices and the gate loop RfaH bridges the gap across the DNA channel, stabilizing RNAP contacts with nucleic acid and disfavoring isomerization into a paused state. We show that contacts with the gate loop are also required for antipausing by NusG and propose that most NusG homologs use similar mechanisms to increase RNAP processivity.
A four-step synthesis of the hydroazulene core of guanacastepene.

A concise, four-step conversion of 2-methylcyclopentenone to hydroazulene 2 is described. An alternative approach that led to an unexpected [5,5]-bicyclic carbon framework is also discussed.
Democracy and Female Labor Force Participation: An Empirical Examination

This paper empirically examines associations between female labor force participation (FLFP) and democracy. Using a cross-country, time series (1980–2005) data set, we find evidence that FLFP is lower in democracies. One possible explanation is that dictators promote FLFP above what traditional norms would dictate and so a greater freedom to follow custom lowers FLFP. However, we also find that the ratio of FLFP to male labor force participation (MLFP) is similar under both types of regimes and that MLFP is also lower in democracies. This outcome casts doubt on the aforementioned explanation. Instead, one possibility is that both men and women voluntarily withdraw from the labor force with greater freedoms.
Facile microwave assisted decarbonylation of 4-formyl group in 5-alkyl amino substituted pyrazoles

Facile decarbonylation of the 4-formyl group in 5-alkyl amino pyrazoles was seen when reacted with catalytic p-toluene sulfonic acid in methanol under microwave irradiation to provide parent 4-H pyrazoles in good yields.
What and why about architecture for embedded systems

Embedded computing systems are becoming very common and embedded computing is starting to find its way into the curriculum. In this talk, I will discuss my views of the relationships between computer architecture education and the teaching of embedded system design. Students of embedded computing need to understand computer architecture in order to understand the characteristics of these critical components of embedded systems. The viewpoint of a user of computer architectures rather than a designer of computer architectures doesn't radically change the fundamentals that one needs to know, but it does introduce new shadings of meaning into those fundamentals.
Performance of coplanar interconnects for millimeter-wave applications

The attenuation constant of interconnects fabricated in foundry and post-CMOS processing are compared up to 110 GHz. Two dielectric materials with thicknesses less than 10 microns are deposited on a lossy silicon (Si) substrate. The interlayer dielectric (ILD) from 180 nm TSMC and benzocylobutene (BCB) are used to characterize losses measured on coplanar waveguide (CPW) and grounded CPW (GCPW) at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies. CPW lines on BCB have comparable or better loss performance compared to the foundry GCPW lines at 100 GHz.
The first report of basilar invagination and brainstem compression as a complication of head and neck radiation: Options for treatment and techniques for endonasal clivectomy and odontectomy

• Advanced stage oropharyngeal carcinoma is commonly treated with multimodality therapy. Organs at risk in the head and neck region include the spinal cord, brainstem, salivary glands, swallowing structures, and mandible • Late complications occur months to years after treatment and include xerostomia, small vessel damage and osteoradionecrosis, soft tissue fibrosis, trismus, articulatory sequelae, xerostomia, and dysphagia. • It is estimated that between 5 and 15% of head and neck radiotherapy patients will have late tissue complications from radiotherapy. • In 236 patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with combined chemoradiation therapy, osteomyelitis occurred in 9%. • We report the first case of cervical instability and basilar invagination as a rare complication of primary radiation therapy for head and neck cancer.
Narrative Theory and the Cognitive Sciences

Research on human intelligence has postulated that studying the structure and use of stories can provide important insight into the roots of self and the nature of thinking. In that spirit, this volume focuses on narrative as a crossroads where cognitive and social psychology, linguistics, literary theory, and the recent hybrid called "cognitive narratology" intersect, suggesting new directions for the cognitive sciences. The ideas contained here demonstrate the importance of narrative as a cognitive style, a genre of discourse, and a resource for literary writing and other forms of communication.
Control theory and econometric models

An algorithm for computing the relative maxima of objective functions constrained by nonlinear, nonconcave models is employed to analyze the behavior and policy implications of an intermediate size nonlinear econometric model. A behavioral test is constructed to determine which of the sets of point estimates of the unknown parameters are consistent with economic theory. The model's evaluation of the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy versus fiscal policy is analyzed. An inflation test is constructed to evaluate the model's realism.
Cost-parametric analysis of lateral transshipment policies in two-echelon supply chains

Abstract In this paper, we examine the cost effects of two lateral (intra-echelon) transshipment approaches in a two-echelon supply chain network, with a single supply source at the higher echelon and multiple retail locations at the lower, through a series of simulation experiments under different operating conditions. An important finding is that either of the proposed lateral shipment approaches is considerably superior to a policy of no such shipments, albeit at the expense of increased transportation activity. Further, an ad hoc emergency transshipment approach appears to be significantly more effective in terms of several important criteria, as compared to a more systematic transshipment technique based on stock level equalization.
Correlated Uncertainty and Policy Instrument Choice

Abstract For two decades, environmental economists have generally maintained that benefit uncertainty is irrelevant for choosing between price and quantity instruments, but that cost uncertainty matters, with the identity of the efficient instrument depending upon the relative slopes of the marginal benefit and cost functions. But, in the presence of simultaneous, correlated uncertainty, such policy instrument recommendations may be inappropriate. With plausible values of relevant parameters, the conventional identification of a price instrument will be reversed, to favor instead a quantity instrument. The opposite reversal—from the choice of a quantity instrument to a price instrument—seems less likely to occur.
Leukotriene E4 causes pulmonary vasoconstriction, not inhibited by meclofenamate

Abstract Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) appears to be a rather stable product of the lipoxygenase pathway. Its action in the pulmonary circulation is unknown. Therefore we investigated its effect on the circulation of isolated rat lungs perfused with a cell- and plasma-free solution. Synthetic LTE4 in doses from .15 μg to 5μg/ .25 ml .9% NaCl injected as a bolus in the pulmonary artery during normoxia caused a fast, transient perfusion pressure increase within seconds. This was followed by a slow rise in baseline perfusion pressure (normoxia) over 25 min. In addition, 5 μm LTE4 caused edematogenic lung damage. Injection of 1.5 μg LTE4 during hypoxic vasoconstriction caused fast, transient pressure rises, similar to normoxic conditions. 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2 were measured in the lung effluent before and after LTE4 injection. Neither 6-keto-PGF1α nor TXB2 production changed after LTE4 injection. Meclofenamate (.5 μg/ml) increased the fast, transient and the slow, sustained pressure rise. We conclude that LTE4 caused direct pulmonary vasoconstriction unrelated to cycloxygenase products.
Research Strategies for the Use of Imaging Ultrasound as an Obstetric Screening Tool

: The results of controlled clinical trials assessing the routine use of ultrasound in obstetrics have not provided convincing evidence of benefit but do provide important data on the need for further clinical research. This report recommends research related to the efficacy, safety, and cost of routine ultrasound methods in clinical obstetrics, including the psychosocial and ethical implications of these applications.
The effect of environment on the creep crack growth behavior several structural alloys

Abstract The creep crack growth behaviors of alloy 718, Inconel X-750, Udimet 700 and cold-worked type 304 and annealed and cold-worked type 316 austenitic stainless steels were determined in vacuum at elevated temperatures and the results were compared with those previously obtained in air. Alloy 718 and Inconel X-750 were found to be significantly sensitive to air with crack growth rates one to two orders of magnitude greater than those in vacuum. Udimet 7000is less sensitive to the environment and it is more sensitive to small changes in microstructure than to the environment per se. The austenitic stainless steels are least sensitive of all. Since the environmental sensitivity varies significantly for different materials, the service environment should be considered in the selection of materials for high temperature components.
An artificial neural network that utilizes hip joint actuations to control bifurcations and chaos in a passive dynamic bipedal walking model

Chaos is a central feature of human locomotion and has been suggested to be a window to the control mechanisms of locomotion. In this investigation, we explored how the principles of chaos can be used to control locomotion with a passive dynamic bipedal walking model that has a chaotic gait pattern. Our control scheme was based on the scientific evidence that slight perturbations to the unstable manifolds of points in a chaotic system will promote the transition to new stable behaviors embedded in the rich chaotic attractor. Here we demonstrate that hip joint actuations during the swing phase can provide such perturbations for the control of bifurcations and chaos in a locomotive pattern. Our simulations indicated that systematic alterations of the hip joint actuations resulted in rapid transitions to any stable locomotive pattern available in the chaotic locomotive attractor. Based on these insights, we further explored the benefits of having a chaotic gait with a biologically inspired artificial neural network (ANN) that employed this chaotic control scheme. Remarkably, the ANN was quite robust and capable of selecting a hip joint actuation that rapidly transitioned the passive dynamic bipedal model to a stable gait embedded in the chaotic attractor. Additionally, the ANN was capable of using hip joint actuations to accommodate unstable environments and to overcome unforeseen perturbations. Our simulations provide insight on the advantage of having a chaotic locomotive system and provide evidence as to how chaos can be used as an advantageous control scheme for the nervous system.
Spirituality, cultural diversity and crisis intervention

Spirituality, in the broadest sense of the word, can be seen as the frame that guides individuals in finding meaning in their lives and the events that occur. Historically, therapists have been reluctant to explore the spiritual aspects of their clients' lives. This article discusses this reluctance and the importance of understanding clients' spiritual beliefs, especially during a crisis event, such as bereavement. Culture shapes spiritual beliefs, which influence how the crisis is processed and resolved. The impact of these beliefs is explored in several areas of concern to bereaved clients. If therapists are not aware of different cultural belief systems, they may dismiss their clients' beliefs as superstitious or label them as pathology.
Increased metabolism in fat-deficiency: relation to dietary fat.

SummaryDisturbance in energy metabolism, as indicated by increased basal oxygen consumption and growth retardation, is prevented when rats receiving a fat-free diet are given daily supplements of methyl linoleate (100 mg) or cottonseed oil (200 mg). However, similar supplementation with a saturated fatty acid (methyl palmitate, 100 mg) in no way modifies the development of the fat-deficiency syndrome.