cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biochemical modulations of the transcephalic direct current circuit in humans.

The transcephalic dc potentials were defined and techniques of measurement and analysis were described. The effects of a number of chemical variables on the TCDC potentials of normal and senile subjects were described. The variables included: thyroid, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, cortisone and ethanol administrations; water loading; hypocapnia due to hyperventilation; and blood sugar and eosinophile determinations. The results showed that the TCDC potentials are very sensitive to certain of the above factors and the effects are compatible with the hypothesis that the voltages are modulated by changes in the permeability of the cortical blood brain barrier system.
A Study of Women Who Both Were Raped and Avoided Rape

This paper is based on interviews with a sub-sample of 13 women who had been both raped and had avoided being raped when attacked. Both acts had to occur when the woman was an adult, and at least one attack had to have taken place not more than two years prior to the interview. These women were part of a larger convenience sample of 94 women, 18 and over, who had either been raped or had avoided being raped when threatened within two years prior to the interview. The interviews examined both background and situational variables. Because for these 13 women the background factors, except for the prior assault, were held constant since each woman was her own control, it is possible to see the impact of situational variables on the outcome—rape or rape avoidance. Women were more likely to avoid rape under the following circumstances: 1) when they were attacked by strangers, 2) when they used multiple strategies, screamed and physically struggled, 3) when the assault took place outside, and 4) when their primary concern was with not being raped. Women were more likely to be raped under the following circumstances: 1) when they were attacked by men they knew, particularly if they had had a prior sexual relationship with them, 2) when the only strategy they used was talking or pleading, 3) when the assault took place in their homes, 4) when their primary concern was with not being killed or mutilated and 5) when there was a threat of force.
Fully monolithic MEMS based thermal sensor in 22 nm CMOS technology for SoC thermal managemet

A novel fully monolithic MEMS based thermal sensor for high resolution thermal management is demonstrated in a 22 nm CMOS technology. Top metal layers are used as the structural material for the MEMS clamped-clamped beam resonators used as a thermal sensor. Using the top metal layers avoids any disruption to the complex fin FET transistor front end where the MEMS technology is not really compatible and additionally exploits the thermal characteristics of the device [1-2]. By tracking the resonance frequency of the copper resonator, the temperature of the chip can be tracked to a sub degree granularity with frequency resolution of 6.7 kHz/°C at 15 MHz.
Vaginal douching as a risk factor for cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between vaginal douching and cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from a study conducted at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, a nonprofit health maintenance organization in western Washington state. Participants were nonpregnant women Group Health enrollees between the ages of 18 and 34 years who were attending two primary care clinics either for nonurgent visits, primarily routine preventive health visits, or in response to an invitation from the study. Before the clinical examination, all completed a self-administered survey assessing demographic and behavioral characteristics, including the timing, frequency, products used, and reasons for douching. Chlamydial infection was ascertained via cell culture isolation of C trachomatis from endocervical specimens obtained at the same visit. Results: Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from cervical cultures in 58 (3.4%) of 1692 study participants. Women who reported douching in the 12 months before their clinic visit had an increased likelihood of chlamydial infection compared with women who did not douche (prevalence odds ratio [OR] 2.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22, 4.30, after adjusting for confounding factors). The likelihood was higher for women who reported douching more often: OR 2.60 (95% CI 1.29, 5.24) for women who douched one to three times per month, and OR 3.84 (95% CI 1.26, 11.70) for those douching four times or more per month. These associations were slightly stronger when women who reported douching because of an infection were excluded from the analysis. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that vaginal douching predisposes to acquisition of cervical chlamydial infection and are compatible with previous studies that report associations between douching and sequelae of chlamydial infection, including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility.
Increased specific binding of [3H]diazepam in rat brain following chronic diazepam administration

Abstract Male rats (175 g) were given 30 mg of diazepam in their food daily for 35 days. The animals became drowsy and ataxic from this high dose of drug. After the 35-day dosing, the rats were killed daily, and specific binding of [3H]diazepam and [3H]flunitrazepam was determined in synaptosomal preparations from these and corresponding control rats. On days 3, 4, 6, and 7 after the treatment period the specific binding of [3H]diazepam was double that of the control binding and specific binding of [3H]-flunitrazepam was 1.67 times that of control. The data indicate that very high doses of diazepam, given for long periods, cause increased specific binding of radiolabeled ligand to brain subfractions. The possible mechanisms and implications are discussed. When lower doses or shorter dosage regimens are used, increased binding is not observed.
Reaction localization and softening of texturally hardened mylonites in a reactivated fault zone, central Argentina

The Tres Arboles ductile fault zone in the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas, central Argentina, experienced multiple ductile deformation and faulting events that involved a variety of textural and reaction hardening and softening processes. Much of the fault zone is characterized by a (D2) ultramylonite, composed of fine-grained biotite + plagioclase, that lacks a well-defined preferred orientation. The D2 fabric consists of a strong network of intergrown and interlocking grains that show little textural evidence for dislocation or dissolution creep. These ultramylonites contain gneissic rock fragments and porphyroclasts of plagioclase, sillimanite and garnet inherited from the gneissic and migmatitic protolith (D1) of the hangingwall. The assemblage of garnet + sillimanite + biotite suggests that D1-related fabrics developed under upper amphibolite facies conditions, and the persistence of biotite + garnet + sillimanite + plagioclase suggests that the ultramylonite of D2 developed under middle amphibolite facies conditions. Greenschist facies, mylonitic shear bands (D3) locally overprint D2 ultramylonites. Fine-grained folia of muscovite + chlorite ± biotite truncate earlier biotite + plagioclase textures, and coarser-grained muscovite partially replaces relic sillimanite grains. Anorthite content of shear band (D3) plagioclase is c. An30, distinct from D1 and D2 plagioclase (c. An35). The anorthite content of D3 plagioclase is consistent with a pervasive grain boundary fluid that facilitated partial replacement of plagioclase by muscovite. Biotite is partially replaced by muscovite and/or chlorite, particularly in areas of inferred high strain. Quartz precipitated in porphyroclast pressure shadows and ribbons that help define the mylonitic fabric. All D3 reactions require the introduction of H+ and/or H2O, indicating an open system, and typically result in a volume decrease. Syntectonic D3 muscovite + quartz + chlorite preferentially grew in an orientation favourable for strain localization, which produced a strong textural softening. Strain localization occurred only where reactions progressed with the infiltration of aqueous fluids, on a scale of hundreds of micrometre. Local fracturing and microseismicity may have induced reactivation of the fault zone and the initial introduction of fluids. However, the predominant greenschist facies deformation (D3) along discrete shear bands was primarily a consequence of the localization of replacement reactions in a partially open system.
Total Thyroidectomy With and Without Selective Central Compartment Dissection: A Comparison of Complication Rates

Objective To compare the postoperative complications between patients who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) with central compartment lymph node dissection (CLND) and those who underwent only TT. Design Retrospective medical chart review. Setting Academic tertiary center. Patients The CLND group consisted of 122 patients with a preoperative or an intraoperative diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer who underwent TT with CLND. The TT group consisted of 134 patients who underwent TT without CLND for either benign disease or indeterminate nodules. Final pathologic analysis demonstrated that 61 of the patients in the TT group had malignant disease. Main Outcome Measures Incidence of vocal cord paralysis, transient and permanent hypocalcemia, seroma, hematoma, and chyle leak. Results One patient in each group (0.7%) had permanent hypocalcemia. The incidence of transient hypocalcemia in the CLND group was 13.1% (n = 16) compared with 25.4% (n = 34) in the TT group. Vocal cord paresis occurred in 5 patients in the CLND group, all with complete resolution. In the TT group, there were 4 cases of temporary paresis and 6 of complete paralysis, 5 of which resolved and 1 of which was permanent. There was no hematoma or seroma in either group. One patient in the CLND group developed a chyle leak, which resolved in 3 days with conservative management. Conclusions Adding CLND to TT does not increase postoperative hypocalcemia or vocal cord paralysis. These results suggest that in the hands of experienced thyroid oncologic surgeons, elective selective CLND can be performed safely for papillary thyroid cancer and should be considered in higher-risk patients to potentially reduce the risk of reoperation in the central compartment.
Centroid theory of transverse electron-proton two-stream instability in a long proton bunch

This paper presents an analytical investigation of the transverse electron-proton ($e\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}p$) two-stream instability in a proton bunch propagating through a stationary electron background. The equations of motion, including damping effects, are derived for the centroids of the proton beam and the electron cloud by considering Lorentzian and Gaussian frequency spreads for the particles. For a Lorentzian frequency distribution, we derive the asymptotic solution of the coupled linear centroid equations in the time domain and study the $e\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}p$ instability in proton bunches with nonuniform line densities. Examples are given for both uniform and parabolic proton line densities.
The thermal diffusion of carbon in α and γ iron

Abstract The heats of transport, Q ∗ , for carbon in α and γ iron have been accurately measured for the first time. A radioactive tracer technique was used and the following values obtained. Q c ∗ (α) = − 24 ± 1.5 kcal at 700°C, Q c ∗ (γ) ranged from −2 kcal to zero in going from 0.02 per cent C to 0.92 per cent C at approximately 940°C. A kinetic treatment due to Wirtz explains the data for Q c ∗ (α) if it is assumed that all of the activation energy for carbon diffusion goes into preparing the lattice around the site the atom jumps into. From this satisfactory explanation of Q ∗ it would appear that studying the effect of a temperature gradient on other simple diffusion systems would give information on the spacial distribution of the activation energy which is required before an atom can change position.
Language and fluency variables in the conversational speech of linguistically advanced preschool and school-aged children

Abstract The purposes of this investigation were (1) to observe language and fluency characteristics of linguistically advanced children and (2) to determine what changes, if any, occurred in language and fluency as a function of chronological age. The language and disfluency behaviors of 10 preschool and 10 school-age subjects were studied. A 50-utterance sample was obtained from each subject. The Mean Length of Utterance (MLU), Mean Length of Response (MLR), and the Word Morpheme Index (WMI) were calculated for each subject. Transcripts were coded for disfluency types, location and semanticity of the disfluencies. The frequency of occurrence was determined for each disfluency type. Although these linguistically advanced subjects exhibited slightly more frequent disfluencies than would have been expected, their disfluency patterns paralleled those characteristic of normal speakers. The majority of their disfluencies were semantically filled, occurred internal to the constituent clause, and were neither tense nor highly fragmented. Most disfluency variables did not change significantly as a function of chronological age. The frequency of interjections significantly increased with an increase in chronological age.
Unintentional infant injuries: sociodemographic and psychosocial factors

This prospective study sought to identify sociodemographic and psychosocial risk factors for unintentional infant injuries that occurred in or around the home. It also examined whether social support modified the relationship between high maternal stress and infant injury. The subjects were 367 mothers who were interviewed six to eight weeks after their newborn infants were discharged from the hospital, and approximately one year later, when 132 infants (36%) were reported as injured (burned, poisoned, serious fall, airway problem). Logistic regression analyses established that family conflict was the most significant predictor of unintentional infant injury, followed by fewer than two siblings living in the home at the first interview, and maternal unemployment. In addition, among mothers with high stress, the use of social support resulted in fewer unintentional infant injuries. Language: en
Ceftibuten: Development of a commercial process based on cephalosporin C. Part II. Process for the manufacture of 3-exomethylene-7(R)-glutaroylaminocepham-4-carboxylic acid 1(S)-oxide

Analysis of several options for the synthesis of Ceftibuten from cephalosporin C-derived starting materials led to the conclusion that the most practical option, leading to the lowest costs, would be realized by trying to resurrect the previously discarded electrochemical reduction process. This contribution describes the preparation of 3-exomethylene-7(R)-glutaroylaminocepham-4-carboxylic acid 1(S)-oxide (10,1(S)-oxide) in almost quantitative yield by the electrochemical reduction of 3-acetoxymethyl-7(R)-glutaroylaminoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid 1(S)-oxide (9,1(S)-oxide) using a high-surface area tin mesh cathode. The new product has been shown (see Bernasconi, E.; Lee, J.; Sogli, L.; Walker, D. Org. Process Res. Dev. 2002, 6, 169) to be a superior new intermediate for the preparation of orally active cephalosporins such as Ceftibuten.
Innovation in War: Counterinsurgency Operations in Anbar and Ninewa Provinces, Iraq, 2005–2007

Abstract This article analyzes operations by three battalions conducting counterinsurgency, or COIN, operations in Iraq over the period from July 2005 through March 2007: the 1st Battalion, 7th Marine Regiment (1–7) along the Iraq–Syrian border in the first half of 2006; the 1st Battalion, 37th Armored Regiment (1–37) battalion operating in south-central Ramadi in the fall of 2006; and the 2nd Battalion, 1st Infantry Regiment, or 2-1, operating in eastern Mosul in 2005–06. The empirical evidence presented in these cases suggest that, contrary to popular perceptions, the units successfully innovated in war – a process largely executed organically within the units themselves. Innovation is defined here as the development of new organizational capacities not initially present when the units deployed into the theater. The evidence presented in these cases suggests that the innovation process enabled these units to successfully transition from organizations structured and trained for conventional military oper...
Who Volunteers for Adult Development Research? Research Findings and Practical Steps to Reach Low Volunteering Groups

The present study is an attempt to determine volunteering bias in racial, gender, and age groups in an adult development study. Samples were drawn from three different types of organizations in the Columbia, South Carolina SMSA. Volunteering rates were calculated as a function of the number eligible to participate in three age groups: 1) young adult (aged 20–25); 2) middle adult (aged 40–45); and 3) old (aged 60–80). The middle group volunteered at a higher rate than the other two age groups, but this effect was restricted to the white sample. Women volunteered more readily than men, but not among the elderly. Whites volunteered more readily than blacks. In order to overcome these volunteering biases, special recruitment procedures were employed in order to obtain a sample which adequately represents the populations in question.
LONG-TERM WEATHERING OF AMOCO CADIZ OIL IN SOFT INTERTIDAL SEDIMENTS

ABSTRACT Samples of sediment were taken at intervals between 1979 and 1986 from soft sediment locations in the Aber Benoit, an estuary heavily impacted by the Amoco Cadiz oil spill of 1978, and from a comparable reference site outside the spill zone. Each sample was analyzed for aliphatic hydrocarbons by capillary gas chromatography. The data demonstrate the progressive weathering of the Amoco Cadiz oil resulting in an assemblage of biogenic hydrocarbons similar to the reference site by 1986 at all but the most heavily impacted locations. The data indicate that any residues of weathered Amoco Cadiz oil present in 1985-86 were in the final stages of degradation.
Finding All Undercut-Free Parting Directions for Solids of Revolution

For molding and casting processes, geometries that have undercut-free parting directions (UFPDs) are preferred for manufacturing. However, existing approaches either cannot identify all UFPDs or cannot run at interactive speeds (the best exhaustive algorithm, unimplemented, runs at O(n4 ) time theoretically). Our proposed feature-based approach avoids testing the whole Gaussian sphere of potential directions by first efficiently identify all UFPDs for individual features such as extruded and revolved features, thus significantly reducing test space and running time. In this paper, we describe a fast algorithm to find all UFPDs for solids of revolution. The algorithm is based on analyzing the constructing 2D generator profiles, building on our previous results for 2-moldability analysis of polygons. The running time is O(n), where n is the geometric complexity of the 2D generator profile. For parts containing multiple solids of revolution, the set of possible UFPDs can be significantly reduced based upon an analysis of each such feature, efficiently identifying many as non-2-moldable or reducing the search space for exhaustive algorithms that find all UFPDs.Copyright © 2007 by UC Berkeley
Feature selection for text categorization on imbalanced data

A number of feature selection metrics have been explored in text categorization, among which information gain (IG), chi-square (CHI), correlation coefficient (CC) and odds ratios (OR) are considered most effective. CC and OR are one-sided metrics while IG and CHI are two-sided. Feature selection using one-sided metrics selects the features most indicative of membership only, while feature selection using two-sided metrics implicitly combines the features most indicative of membership (e.g. positive features) and non-membership (e.g. negative features) by ignoring the signs of features. The former never consider the negative features, which are quite valuable, while the latter cannot ensure the optimal combination of the two kinds of features especially on imbalanced data. In this work, we investigate the usefulness of explicit control of that combination within a proposed feature selection framework. Using multinomial naive Bayes and regularized logistic regression as classifiers, our experiments show both great potential and actual merits of explicitly combining positive and negative features in a nearly optimal fashion according to the imbalanced data.
On the determination of methyl content in polyethylenes

A method for the quantitative determination of the degree of branching (methyl content) in ethylene polymers is described. This method involves the use of a calibration curve prepared from hydrocarbons of known methyl content. Because of the importance to the calibration of having hydrocarbon with a methyl content roughly that of the polymers to be measured, the hydrocarbon, n-C58H118, was prepared and its synthesis is given. The methyl contents of a series of polyethylenes, both commercial and experimental, were determined, and the results correlated with some physical properties of the polymers. A quantitative relationship was shown between the crystallinity of a polymer, as measured by the density, and the degree of branching. Qualitative relationships between molecular weight and branching and between mechanical properties and branching were also shown.
Larval Development of the Hermit Crab, Pagurus Alatus Fabricius, Reared in the Laboratory (Decapoda, Paguridae) 1)

Le developpement du pagure, Pagurus alatus Fabricius recolte dans la baie de Naples, a ete suivi en laboratoire a une temperature de 18°C et une salinite de 35% de l'eclosion au premier stade crabe. La duree moyenne de chacun des quatre stades zoe et du stade megalope a ete respectivement de 7,6 jours, 5,6 jours, 6,5 jours, 9,3 jours et 11,6 jours. La duree totale du developpement de l'eclosion au premier crabe a varie de 38 a 42 jours. Quatre stades zoe et une stade megalope sont decrits. Une illustration detaillee est presentee pour montrer la sequence des changements qui ont affecte, au cours du developpement aux appendices de toutes les zoes et de la megalope. Les soies et l'armature de la rame externe des antennules, le lobe coxal de la maxillule, le scaphognathite de la maxille et les trois maxillipedes, aussi bien que les differences dans le developpement du troisieme maxillipede et la forme du telson, sont les caracteres qui permettent de distinguer les zoes de Pagurus alatus des zoes des autres especes de la sous-famille des Pagurinae qui ont ete elevees. Les caracteres utiles pour separer les glaucothoes de Pagurus alatus des autres especes comprennent la forme du rostre, les ecailles oculaires, la longueur des pedoncules oculaires rapportee a leur largeur et l'ensemble des traits des appendices.
Deep thermohaline flow and current-controlled sedimentation in the Amirante Passage: Western Indian Ocean☆

Abstract The Amirante Passage is a narrow (∼ 100 km) topographic gap near 09°S 52°E, which restricts the northward flow of the deep western boundary current (DWBC) from the Mascarene Basin into the Somali Basin in the western Indian Ocean. A series of NE-NW-trending basement ridges divide the passage floor into five major channels whose sill depths (4000–4600 m) deepen to the east. Deposition of sediment within these channels below 3800 m is controlled by thermohaline flow of the DWBC. The channel axes contain highly reflective, horizontally stratified deposits which have undergone erosion at many locations. In contrast, thick (up to 0.5 sec), acoustically transparent sediment drifts have been deposited along the channel edges and the lower flanks of the adjacent ridges. In the westernmost channel these drift deposits take the form of regular, non-migrating sediment waves with amplitudes up to 100 m and wavelengths up to 2 km. Bottom photographs from the waves show a tranquil sea floor indicative of a depositional environment. In contrast, the adjacent channel axis to the east contains large, asymmetrical ripples and strong current scour, along with the highest nephelometer-measured light-scattering values (suspended particulate matter). These relationships indicate that locally within each channel, DWBC flow is most intense in the channel axis (erosion or non-deposition) but becomes progressively weaker toward the channel edges to the point that deposition generally occurs. On a regional scale, the distribution of sediment-drift deposits vs. channel deposits indicates a western intensification of DWBC flow within the passage even though sill depths are shallowest on the west; the channel deposits (erosional regime) are more widespread on the western side whereas the sediment-drift deposits (depositional regime) are progressively more widespread to the east. At many locations in the eastern channels, drift deposits completely bury channel deposits, suggesting that DWBC flow may have been more intense and of broader regional extent at times in the geologic past. Buried manganese nodules and pavements in the northern Mascarene Basin just south of the Amirante Passage (near 12°S) also suggest possible fluctuations of DWBC flow. The thicknesses of the sediment-drift deposits indicate that thermohaline, current-controlled deposition has been active within the passage for several to tens of millions of years.
A RTHUR F. B UEHLER , Sufi Heirs of the Prophet: The Indian Naqshbandiyya and the Rise of the Mediating Sufi Shaykh (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1998). Pp. 339. Price not available.

Islamicists interested in Sufism have benefited from a growing number of worthwhile publications in recent years. Studies of South Asian Sufism in particular have broadened scholarly horizons by increasing the range of materials with which to reconstruct a complex history. One aspect of the history of Sufism that has been getting significant attention in various contexts lately is the role of authority in the person of the shaykh. Arthur Buehler offers in his study of South Asia's Naqshbandis something of a parallel to what Vincent Cornell has produced in his work on the role of the shaykh among North Africa's Shadhilis. He argues that Naqshbandi Sufism has witnessed an important shift in the role of the shaykh, from one of hands-on mystical tutelage to one of intercession. Buehler sets his chief argument in the context of evidence that major transformations occurred in the nature of Sufi spiritual authority beginning in the 9th through 11th centuries. In his first two chapters, Buehler lays out the general historical background. Before Sufism had been fully institutionalized into discrete orders, the “teaching shaykh” ( shaykh at-ta ⊂ l―im ) instructed all comers in the growing body of Sufi tradition. Imparting the wisdom of already legendary characters, they equipped their students with a working knowledge of the essentials of Sufism. They and their pupils were often quite mobile, and the teacher-student relationship remained relatively informal and distant. Beginning in the late 9th century, that relationship began to change. Over the next 200 years or so, a new kind of shaykh emerged as the normative type of Sufi authority. From a fixed abode, the “directing shaykh” ( shaykh al-tarbiyya ) provided increasingly proprietary instruction on the actual pursuit of the spiritual path to a select few disciples who pledged their sole allegiance to one spiritual guide. Now the shaykh imparted not merely generalized instructions on spiritual etiquette, but also soul-challenging advice and do-it-or-depart requirements for advancement on the mystical path. Regarded as virtually infallible, the directing shaykh initiated followers into a lineage, bestowed the khirqa , and generally exercised total authority over the disciple's daily affairs.
Interpenetrating polymer network wound dressing versus petrolatum following facial CO2 laser resurfacing: a bilateral comparison.

Background. Occlusive dressings increase the speed of epidermal wound healing by decreasing wound adherence, maintaining a moisture barrier, and allowing contact with healing factors. Objective. To test whether a thin film of silicone and polytetrafluoroethylene blended into an interpenetrating polymer network (SPIPN) can provide improved healing over petrolatum following CO2 laser resurfacing injury. Methods. A bilateral comparison of closed SPIPN versus open healing following two different CO2 laser delivery systems for resurfacing was performed. Twenty patients were followed and evaluated at days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 for exudate, erythema, rate of epithelialization, pigment changes, postoperative pain, pruritus, cosmetic results, preference, and duration of postoperative complications. Results. Results demonstrated improved healing for SPIPN compared to petrolatum alone. Markedly decreased exudate was seen in 90% of the SPIPN dressing sides. Erythema during the first 72 hours was 1.95 for SPIPN versus 2.6 for open (scale 1–4) (P < .05). Pruritus was 1.67 versus 2.44 (P < .05) for SPIPN versus open during the first 3 days postoperatively. Approximately 75% of the patients preferred SPIPN to control petrolatum. The rate of reepithelialization was also better for the SPIPN dressing, taking only 2 days versus 2.8 days for open control. Approximately 50% of the patients reported decreased pain on the SPIPN side at days 1 and 2. Conclusions. SPIPN dressing provides an easily applied, easily tolerated dressing for use after laser resurfacing. Many patients benefit from faster healing, reduced exudate, better appearance during the postoperative period, and decreased postoperative discomfort.
Magnetic Properties of Cr5S6 in Chromium Sulfides

Several samples of CrS x with 1.145<x< 1.200 were carefully prepared and chemically analyzed. The expected crystal structures were verified by x-ray analysis, which failed to indicate the presence of any impurities. Conductivity measurements indicated the existence of metallic conductivity in these samples between 77° and 300 °K. Magnetic measurements supported the suggestion that the ferrimagnetism of CrS x materials arises from the presence of the Cr5S6 phase.
Ventricular fibrillation complicating temporary ventricular pacing in acute myocardial infarction: Significance of right ventricular infarction☆

Five patients with acute myocardial infarction had ventricular fibrillation as a complication of indicated temporary pacing. All five patients had evidence of right ventricular infarction (three patients with postmortem confirmation). The presence of right ventricular infarction seems to be a contributing mechanism involved in the induction of ventricular fibrillation during temporary pacing for bradyarrhythmia complicating acute myocardial infarction.
A novel and efficient alkyl radical trap in aqueous medium

A simple water soluble diselenide derivative 1 shows radical scavenger properties towards alkyl and hydroxyl radicals (k3 (0°C)=6.8×108 M−1 s−1) in Fenton-type chemistry. The reaction rate between produceded alkyl radicals 2 and the diselenide overwhelms self-termination and halogen transfer reactions.
The Effects of Race and Family Structure on Women's Spatial Relationship to the Labor Market

This study examines the intersection of race, family structure, and economic inequality through women's spatial relationships to the labor market. Using survey data from three major metro labor markets, we operationalize spatial relationships in two ways: first, using a conventional measure of commute time, and second, using an indicator of neighborhood job contacts to obtain employment. Results indicate that family structure exerts no direct effect on women's spatial relationship to the labor market. Race, by contrast, plays a strong role, mediating women's reliance on mass transit, their response to teenage kids in the household, and their likelihood of using neighbors to find employment. The result is a situation in which black and Latina women are more likely than white women to rely on localized job networks to obtain employment that requires longer commutes from home.
Data noise and spectral differencing in geophysical modeling

Abstract This paper discusses the impact of data noise on the accuracy of derivatives obtained by differentiating a Fourier series of an observed dataset. It is first brought to the fore that the kth component of the energy density of the mth derivative of a Fourier series is proportional to k2m. It is then argued that since the energy density of atmospheric parameters resolvable by the current observing network decreases at a rate of no less than k−2, it is desirable to apply a low-pass filter to the spectrally computed derivatives to arrest the rapid growth of noise-induced errors at the smaller scales. Based on the analysis of a sample set of atmospheric data, it is also recommended that to avoid noise-induced spurious growth of short-wave energy at the onset of a time integration, in geophysical modeling where the model grid is finer than the observational resolution, model initial conditions should contain only those scales that are resolvable by the observing network.
Requirements For Space-Sensed Oceanographic Data

In 1978 the United States launched the oceanographic satellite SEASAT. Although the satellite operated successfully for only one hundred days in space, it was a monumental event. In the years that followed, atmospheric and oceanographic scientists revealed the true potential of such a system. Following SEASAT there was a NASA proposal for SEASAT B, and the interagency (NASA, NOAA, NAVY) oceanographic satellite NOSS. Unfortunately for those of us who rely on accurate forecasts of ocean conditions, neither system became a reality. However, reiterating the operational requirement for such a system, in April 1981 the Director, Naval Oceanography Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations formulated the proposal for N-ROSS, the Navy Remote Ocean Sensing System. From the beginning, one thing was obvious, Navy could not afford to go it alone. It was true that the Defense budget was larger, but money needed to build N-ROSS was also required to build ships, aircraft and weapons systems. We approached NASA and NOAA informally with the N-ROSS proposal. Could they help? Although neither agency was in a position to make a firm commitment, we were encouraged to determine the Navy's willingness to commit itself to such an undertaking. In addition we asked the Air Force to help with the launch, command and control phases. They too gave us the encouragement to proceed.
U.S. Marital Disruptions and their Economic and Social Correlates, 1860-1948

A new estimate of U.S. marital disruptions shows an increase in desertions relative to divorces after 1900. Desertions were the more volatile component of marital disruptions because of their greater responsiveness to general economic conditions. Large marriage cohorts, formed in the years of economic expansion, disrupted in greater numbers: an increase in the marriage rate by 10 per 1,000 unmarried women raised the proportion of disrupted marriages by 7.3 percentage points. Conversely, during years of recession, many poorer couples were discouraged from marriage; smaller marriage cohorts with more resilient marriages were formed and their lifetime marriage disruption rate was lower.
Comparing graphene, carbon nanotubes, and superfine powdered activated carbon as adsorptive coating materials for microfiltration membranes

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), nano-graphene platelets (NGPs), and superfine powdered activated carbon (S-PAC) were comparatively evaluated for their applicability as adsorptive coatings on microfiltration membranes. The objective was to determine which materials were capable of contaminant removal while causing minimal flux reduction. Methylene blue and atrazine were the model contaminants. When applied as membrane coatings, MWCNTs had minimal retention capabilities for the model contaminants, and S-PAC had the fastest removal. The membrane coating approach was also compared with a stirred vessel configuration, in which the adsorbent was added to a stirred flask preceding the membrane cell. Direct application of the adsorbent to the membrane constituted a greater initial reduction in permeate concentrations of the model contaminants than with the stirred flask setup. All adsorbents except S-PAC showed flux reductions less than 5% after application as thin-layer membrane coatings, and flux recovery after membrane backwashing was greater than 90% for all materials and masses tested.
Levinson's model as a predictor of the adult development of policemen.

In the early 1970s Levinson and his associates completed a landmark study of adult development. Based on the Interviewing and testing of forty men, Levinson proposed a comprehensive model of adult growth. Although his sample contained men of diverse occupational groups, it did not include policemen or other workers who faced physical danger in their job. We interviewed twenty-three male policemen and found that, in general, the policeman's lives corresponded to Levinson's theory. Participants experienced a series of psychosocial stages, including some stressful transitional periods, but the nature of these stages was similar to Levinson's model for some age periods (e.g., Age 30 Transition), and not for others (e.g., Midlife Transition).
Vibration Isolation of Power Tool Operators

Vibration measurements on a selection of powered hand tools revealed that many exceeded recommended handle vibration levels. Handles attached to the tool bodies with isolating mounts generally vibrated less than non-isolated handles. Resilient (foam rubber) handgrips, placed between the tool handles and the operator's hand provided good isolation at higher frequencies. Reasonable thicknesses of foam soft enough to reduce the lower frequencies were not strong enough to withstand the high handgrip and other forces required to operate the tools without complete compression of the cells. The resulting configuration caused increased stiffness and loss of low frequency attenuation.
Climate Change Policies in the Transitional Economies of Europe and Eurasia: The Role of NGOs

This article examines ratification of the Kyoto Protocol across 26 transitional economies of Europe and Eurasia for the period of 1998–2009; the period between the Kyoto Protocol and the 2009 Copenhagen meeting. The dependent variable measures whether or not the country has ratified the Kyoto Protocol in a given year. The key variable of interest is the strength of domestic non-governmental organizations (NGOs). To account for the nascent stage of the NGO sector, I measure NGO strength as a “stock” and as a “flow” variable. Using an event-history model, I examine the impact of the NGO strength while controlling for other domestic-based and international drivers of treaty ratification. All time-variant independent variables are lagged by a year. My analysis suggests that the stock of domestic NGO strength is a significant predictor of the timing of ratification. Further, EU accession pressures, ratification levels in contiguous countries, and domestic economic cycle impact the timing of ratification of the treaty.
Characterization of adenosine binding sites in bovine testicular tissue using 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-[3H]dipropylxanthine

Abstract The existence of specific adenosine binding sites in bovine testicular tissue was evaluated using the novel antagonist radioligand 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-[3H]dipropylxanthine ([3H]DPCPX). Saturation analysis revealed specific binding that was saturable at ∼ 1 nM. Scatchard analysis indicated a single class of binding sites with KD = 0.26 nM and a Bmax = 0.37 pmol/mg protein. Affinity profiles suggest an A1 subtype recognition site that is different from the classical A1 adenosine receptor. The results presented should prove useful in subsequent studies concerning heterogeneity among adenosine receptors and also aid in discerning the role of adenosine in reproduction.
Behavior of depressed subjects in problem solving groups

Abstract This study investigated leadership selection in groups in relation to level of depression of group members. On the basis of MMPI-D and DACL scores 66 subjects were organized into groups of six to eight people consisting of all depressed, all nondepressed, or half depressed and half nondepressed subjects. Subjects performed a problem solving task alone and in groups and completed a questionnaire on leadership choice and group performance. Results indicate that nondepressed group members talked more frequently, were rated as more important contributors, and were selected as leaders more frequently than depressed members. In addition, mixed groups were perceived as more efficient and enjoyable by group members than the unmixed groups. There were no significant differences between depressed and nondepressed subjects on performance of the problem solving task whether working alone or in groups. Results were discussed in relation to other literature on the interpersonal behavior of depressed persons.
Water and molecular oxygen in the ISM and the solar system

Abstract This talk describes some of the results obtained with the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite, SWAS, in its first one and a half years of operations. During this epoch, the satellite carried out observations on comets, planets, stars, the Galactic Center, and a variety of interstellar regions, at five different spectral frequencies, to study the physics and chemistry of water vapor H 2 16 O, and its isotopomer H 2 18 O, warm isotopic carbon monoxide, atomic carbon and molecular oxygen in these sources.
Total charge and mass changing cross sections of relativistic nuclei in hydrogen, helium, and carbon targets.

This is the first in a series of papers describing the results of a systematic study of total, elemental, and isotopic cross sections measured in hydrogen, helium, and carbon targets. These fragmentation studies are based on measurements using 42 beams of 12 separate nuclei from $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ to $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$. This has resulted in the measurement of more than 100 secondary elemental cross sections and over 300 secondary isotopic cross sections in addition to the total charge changing and mass changing cross sections reported in this paper. These measurements have been made at energies from 300 to 1700 MeV/nucleon and include ten separate energies for $^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$, for example. The measurements have been made with the objective of interpreting the production of secondary nuclei during cosmic-ray propagation in the galaxy in order to better estimate the source elemental and isotopic composition of cosmic rays. At the same time they provide a valuable data base for nuclear physics and the understanding of peripheral interactions of energetic heavy nuclei. In the work reported in this paper \ensuremath{\sim}100 total charge changing and mass changing cross sections have been measured for various targets and energies. The mass changing cross sections we measure are found to agree with earlier cross section measurements using energetic protons incident on targets composed of heavier elements to within \ensuremath{\sim}2% in cases where a comparison can be made. The systematics of this new data set are described and a new, more accurate cross section formula is presented and discussed.
Contour density and pattern configuration in visual preferences of infants

This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between contour density and pattern configuration variables in determining infant visual attention. Sixteen 5–6-week-olds and sixteen 8–10-week-olds were shown concentric circle (bull's-eye), radial line, concentric square, and checkerboard patterns at three levels of contour density. Both contour density and pattern configuration were found to influence visual preferences. In general, patterns having low contour density were preferred to those at higher contour density levels. There was also an interaction between age and contour density in pattern preferences. Young infants looked significantly longer at low density stimuli than high density stimuli. Old infants preferred intermediate over high density stimuli. Configuration effects were revealed by within age group analyses. In both young and old infants, duration of fixation was best described as an interaction between pattern configuration and contour density. Although there was no evidence for bull's-eye or other configuration preferences, the interaction between pattern configuration and contour density was interpreted as evidence that both young and old infants were capable of discriminating among pattern configurations. However, this discrimination was not independent of contour density. Thus, it was suggested that infants responded to compound characteristics of visual stimuli, and investigations of form perception in infancy should take this into account lest configuration preferences be masked or confounded by contour density effects.
Preschool children's development in classic Montessori, supplemented Montessori, and conventional programs

Research on the outcomes of Montessori education is scarce and results are inconsistent. One possible reason for the inconsistency is variations in Montessori implementation fidelity. To test whether outcomes vary according to implementation fidelity, we examined preschool children enrolled in high fidelity classic Montessori programs, lower fidelity Montessori programs that supplemented the program with conventional school activities, and, for comparison, conventional programs. Children were tested at the start and end of the school year on a range of social and academic skills. Although they performed no better in the fall, children in Classic Montessori programs, as compared with children in Supplemented Montessori and Conventional programs, showed significantly greater school-year gains on outcome measures of executive function, reading, math, vocabulary, and social problem-solving, suggesting that high fidelity Montessori implementation is associated with better outcomes than lower fidelity Montessori programs or conventional programs.
Congressional Use of the Program Assessment Rating Tool

This paper seeks to advance knowledge about congressional use of the program assessment rating tool (PART) in the 109th Congress. The research suggest that both congressional chambers use PART on a limited basis; affirms that congressional committees are exposed to PART scores through congressional budget justification score inclusion and in federal agency testimony; and that use was primarily driven by non-congressional actors.
Impact Of N-terminal Truncation Of Cardiac Troponin I On Myofilament Chemo-mechanical Transduction: Implications For The Enhanced Cardiac Function In Hemodynamic Adaptation

The deletion of N-terminal extension of cardiac troponin I(cTnIND) by restricted proteolysis has been recently proposed to be a novel mechanism to regulate cardiac function during hemodynamic adaptation. In vivo and isolated working heart from transgenic mice overexpressing cTnIND revealed an enhanced rate of relaxation and reduced end diastolic pressure. However, the functional effect of cTnIND on myofilament properties has not been fully evaluated. Accordingly, we determined the functional effects of cTnIND on cardiac tension cost(cross-bridge cycling), maximal tension development(Fmax) and Ca2+-sensitivity(EC50) using mechanical force- and enzyme-coupled UV absorbance measurements. Wild-type(WT) or cTnIND containing recombinant troponin(cTn) complexes were exchanged for endogenous cTn in skinned rat cardiac trabeculae. cTnIND induced a significantly reduction in Fmax and Ca2+-sensitivity but increased cross-bridge cycling rate. In addition, by using steady-state fluorescence measurements, we found that the decreased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity is due to a decrease in Ca2+ binding affinity of the regulatory site of cTnC in the thin filament. We conclude that increased cross-bridge cycling rate by cTnIND may underlie, in part, the modulation of cardiac function and hemodynamic adaptation associated with cTnIND.Summarized TableWT (N=10)cTnIND (N=8)p valueFmax (mN/mm2)42.9 ± 5.117.8 ± 1.70.0007∗Hill4.1 ± 0.75.1 ± 0.60.2587EC50 (uM)2.6 ± 0.23.7 ± 0.20.0022∗Tension Cost7.5 ± 0.611.4 ± 1.30.0140∗ View Table in HTML