cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Charge-transfer contributions to solvent shifts in fluorine magnetic resonance spectra

Abstract Fluorine chemical shifts have been determined as a function of solvent composition for dilute solutions of 1,1,1,10,10,10-hexafluorodecane, hexafluorobenzene, and difluorodibromomethane in a number of mixed solvent systems each consisting of n-heptane and one of several electron-donor cosolvents. The results provide no evidence for the existence of an appreciable reaction-field contribution to the solvent shift, assuming that such a contribution would depend on the solute polarity and on the solvent dielectric constant as required by published theoretical treatments. Instead, it appears that for hexafluorobenzene and difluorodibromomethane charge-transfer interactions contribute upfield shifts ranging from 0.6 ppm to more than 5 ppm in the neat electron-donor solvents. Approximate equilibrium constants for the formation of weak charge-transfer complexes are calculated from the data. The shifts appear to be affected both by such complex formation and by interactions occurring during random encounters of donor and acceptor molecules. The present results together with others in the literature suggest that such effects are much more common than is generally supposed, especially when the fluorine atom is attached either to an aromatic ring or to a carbon atom which bears one or more chlorine, bromine, or iodine substituents.
A Modified Mualem–van Genuchten Formulation for Improved Description of the Hydraulic Conductivity Near Saturation

The unsaturated soil hydraulic properties are often described using Mualem–van Genuchten (MVG) type analytical functions. Recent studies suggest several shortcomings of these functions near saturation, notably the lack of second-order continuity of the soil water retention function at saturation and the inability of the hydraulic conductivity function to account for macroporosity. We present a modified MVG formulation that improves the description of the hydraulic conductivity near saturation. The modified model introduces a small but constant air-entry pressure ( h s ) into the water retention curve. Analysis of the UNSODA soil hydraulic database revealed an optimal value of −4 cm for h s , more or less independent of soil texture. The modified model uses a pressure dependent piece-wise linear correction to ensure that deviations between measured and fitted conductivities between pressure heads of 0 and −40 cm were eliminated. A small correction was found necessary between −4 and −40 cm, and a much larger correction was needed between 0 and −4 cm. An average RMSE in log K of only 0.26 remained for a data set of 235 samples. The resulting modified MVG model was found to have small systematic errors across the entire pressure range. The modified model appears well suited for large-scale vadose zone flow and transport simulations, including inverse modeling studies.
AN ANALYTICAL MODEL OF RISKY YIELD CURVES

This paper proposes a multiperiod certainty equivalent model of present valuation that takes a dynamic approach to valuation, as opposed to a recursive approach employed traditionally in financial economics. Assuming a flat basic, or riskless, yield curve and risk-averse investors, the model is used to examine the potential effects of default risk on the shape of the yield curve. The shape of the yield curve is shown to be directly related to the level and time pattern of default probabilities.
Theoretical Blockage: a Strategy for the Development of Organizational Theory

In recent years the field of sociology and the subfield of complex organization have experienced a series of running debates between persons subscribing to structural approaches and those holding t...
Andreev Reflections in Micrometer-Scale Normal Metal-Insulator-Superconductor Tunnel Junctions

Understanding the subgap behavior of Normal metal-Insulator-Superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions is important in order to be able to accurately model the thermal properties of the junctions. Hekking and Nazarov (Phys. Rev. B 49:6847, 1994) developed a theory in which NIS subgap current in thin-film structures can be modeled by multiple Andreev reflections. In their theory, the current due to Andreev reflections depends on the junction area and the junction resistance area product. We have measured the current due to Andreev reflections in NIS tunnel junctions for various junction sizes and junction resistance area products and found that the multiple reflection theory is in agreement with our data.
Cell cycle-specific changes in histone phosphorylation associated with cell proliferation and chromosome condensation.

Preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to examine histone phosphorylation in synchronized Chinese hamster cells (line CHO). Results showed that histone f1 phosphorylation, absent in G1-arrested and early G1-traversing cells, commences 2 h before entry of traversing cells into the S phase. It is concluded that f1 phosphorylation is one of the earliest biochemical events associated with conversion of nonproliferating cells to proliferating cells occurring on old f1 before synthesis of new f1 during the S phase. Results also showed that f3 and a subfraction of f1 were rapidly phosphorylated only during the time when cells were crossing the G2/M boundary and traversing prophase. Since these phosphorylation events do not occur in G1, S, or G2 and are reduced greatly in metaphase, it is concluded that these two specific phosphorylation events are involved with condensation of interphase chromatin into mitotic chromosomes. This conclusion is supported by loss of prelabeled 32PO4 from those specific histone fractions during transition of metaphase cells into interphase G1 cells. A model of the relationship of histone phosphorylation to the cell cycle is presented which suggests involvement of f1 phosphorylation in chromatin structural changes associated with a continuous interphase "chromosome cycle" which culminates at mitosis with an f3 and f1 phosphorylation-mediated chromosome condensation.
Simplified Measurements of Sound Absorption

A modification of the tube or reflected wave method for measuring the sound absorption coefficients of acoustic and building materials over a wide frequency range is described in this paper. Modern communication equipment is used, and a high degree of reliability is obtained. The method is especially well adapted to rapid routine tests of acoustic materials in commercial production, and in other instances where measurements by the more elaborate and expensive reverberation-chamber method are not justified.
Supersymmetric flavor models and theB→φKSanomaly

We consider the flavor structure of supersymmetric theories that can account for the deviation of the observed time-dependent CP asymmetry in B --> phi K_S from the standard model prediction. Assuming simple flavor symmetries and effective field theory, we investigate possible correlations between sizable supersymmetric contributions to b --> s transitions and to flavor changing processes that are more tightly constrained. With relatively few assumptions, we determine the properties of minimal Yukawa and soft mass textures that are compatible with the desired supersymmetric flavor-changing effect and constraints. We then present explicit models that are designed (at least approximately) to realize these textures. In particular, we present an Abelian model based on a single U(1) factor and a non-trivial extra-dimensional topography that can explain the CP asymmetry in B --> phi K_S, while suppressing other supersymmetric flavor changing effects through a high degree of squark-quark alignment.
The diabetes education team in the management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a complex disease that lasts a lifetime. It can be controlled but not cured. Treatment involves extensive changes in the patient's lifestyle, particularly in the areas of diet and exercise, which can often result in noncompliance with treatment regimens. Efforts to bring about these lifestyle changes usually require an enormous amount of time and attention on the part of the physician, and thus, are best carried out with the help of a diabetes education team. An ideal team would consist not only of the physician, patient, and family, but also a diabetes educator, a nutritionist or dietitian, an exercise therapist, a psychologist or social worker, a podiatrist, and an ophthalmologist or retinologist. A smaller number of team participants can offer a viable alternative by doubling up discipline areas, and by using interested members of the community as a referral source.
Mental Rotation of Three-Dimensional Objects

The time required to recognize that two perspective drawings portray objects of the same three-dimensional shape is found to be (i) a linearly increasing function of the angular difference in the portrayed orientations of the two objects and (ii) no shorter for differences corresponding simply to a rigid rotation of one of the two-dimensional drawings in its own picture plane than for differences corresponding to a rotation of the three-dimensional object in depth.
The Dorsal Metacarpal Artery Perforator Flap: A Case Report Utilizing a Quaba Flap Harvested from a Previously Skin-Grafted Area for Dorsal 5th Digit Coverage

Burns to the hand are common in burn victims. These burns often leave complex wounds that require local flaps for coverage. Local flaps are often excluded because they lie within the zone of thermal injury. The purpose of this case report is to report the successful use of a Quaba flap harvested from a previously burned and skin-grafted area. The patient's medical record including pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative photographs were reviewed and utilized as sources of data. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was able to return to his previous hand therapy regimen without adverse event and with an acceptable cosmetic result. The Quaba flap can be a safe and effective option for local hand coverage even in previously burned and skin-grafted areas.
Metabolic activity, adenosine phosphates and energy charge of below ground biomass of Juncus roemerianus Scheele and Spartina alterniflora Loisel

Abstract Anaerobic metabolism of different below ground plant parts of J. roemerianus and S. alterniflora in terms of dehydrogenase activity was significantly correlated with concentrations of adenosine triphosphate but not with energy charge. Energy charge was quite stable, ranging from 0·62 to 0·67 (mean 0·65) for S. alterniflora and 0·50 to 0·87 (mean of 0·69) for J. roemerianus. J. roemerianus rhizome tips were the most metabolically active tissue, followed by the buried colorless stem base and rhizome mid-section. Dead-looking rhizomes had some dehydrogenase activity. Roots of different sizes and rhizome bark were metabolically inert. Below ground stem base of S. alterniflora showed the same level of activity as J. roemerianus stem base. S. alterniflora rhizomes, however, showed at least an order of magnitude less activity than that of J. roemerianus .
An Equivalent Plant Representation for Unknown Control Systems

This paper proposes a new method to the design of a controller to be embedded at a prescribed location in an otherwise unknown complex and multiple-loop Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) control system. The questions that arise naturally are: Will a controller proposed for this location stabilizes the overall system and, if so, what stability margins and response can be obtained? We address these questions by constructing an equivalent single-loop frequency domain representation of the original unknown complex system. This equivalent plant construction can be accomplished by a small set of frequency response measurements.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Tissue factor activity in whole blood

Tissue factor (TF) is an integral membrane protein essential for hemostasis. During the past several years, a number of studies have suggested that physiologically active TF circulates in blood at concentrations greater than 30 pM either as a component of blood cells and microparticles or as a soluble plasma protein. In our studies using contact pathway-inhibited blood or plasma containing activated platelets, typically no clot is observed for 20 minutes in the absence of exogenous TF. An inhibitory anti-TF antibody also has no effect on the clotting time in the absence of exogenous TF. The addition of TF to whole blood at a concentration as low as 16 to 20 fM results in pronounced acceleration of clot formation. The presence of potential platelet TF activity was evaluated using ionophore-treated platelets and employing functional and immunoassays. No detectable TF activity or antigen was observed on quiescent or ionophore-stimulated platelets. Similarly, no TF antigen was detected on mononuclear cells in nonstimulated whole blood, whereas in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated blood a significant fraction of monocytes express TF. Our data indicate that the concentration of physiologically active TF in non-cytokine-stimulated blood from healthy individuals cannot exceed and is probably lower than 20 fM.
Regional Systems of Care to Optimize Timeliness of Reperfusion Therapy for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. The Mayo Clinic STEMI Protocol

Background— Quality improvement efforts have focused on strategies to improve the timeliness of reperfusion therapy in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients who present to hospitals with and without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) capability. We implemented and evaluated a protocol to optimize the timeliness of reperfusion therapy and to coordinate systems of care for a PCI center and 28 regional hospitals located up to 150 miles away across 3 states. Methods and Results— The present study focused on a prospective, observational cohort of 597 patients who presented with ST-segment elevation and within 12 hours of symptom onset to Saint Marys Hospital and 28 regional hospitals up to 150 miles away between May 2004 and December 2006. The Mayo Clinic ST-elevation myocardial infarction protocol implemented strategies to improve timeliness of reperfusion therapy and to coordinate systems of care for transfer between hospitals. The study sample consisted of 258 patients who presented to Saint Mar...
Flavopiridol inhibits soft tissue sarcoma growth with preferential sensitivity in a CDK4 gene amplified subtype

Abstract Introduction: Current chemotherapy for advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) has low overall response rates. It has been shown that the CDK4 gene is frequently amplified in some STS subtypes. Here we tested flavopiridol, a pan cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, with STS subtypes that have amplified (dedifferentiated liposarcoma, DDLS) or non-amplified (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, MPNST) CDK4. Methods: DDLS and MPNST cell lines were evaluated for cellular proliferation using CyQuant fluorescence assay, cell cycle distribution by FACS analysis and apoptosis using AnnexinV/7-AAD staining following 24h of treatment with flavopiridol. CDK4 amplification was confirmed via FISH analysis. Results: Flavopiridol inhibited proliferation of DDLS and MPNST cells with IC50s of 100 and 150nM, respectively. DDLS cells, which possess amplified CDK4, demonstrated a dose dependent increase in apoptosis with 15% and 27% cells undergoing apoptosis at 150 and 300nM flavopiridol respectively, after 24h of treatment. In contrast, the MPNST cells demonstrated a 3-fold lower apoptotic percentage compared to DDLS cells at these concentrations of flavopiridol. Lastly, the DDLS cells underwent G1 cell cycle arrest with as little as 150nM flavopiridol whereas the cell cycle distribution of the MPNST cells remained unchanged with up to 300nM flavopiridol. Conclusions: Flavopiridol has antiproliferative activity in STS cell lines. CDK4 gene amplification in dedifferentiated liposarcoma renders these cells more sensitive to flavopiridol mediated G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our findings suggest flavopiridol to be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of STS, preferentially with amplified CDK4.
Determination of polyethylene glycol end group functionalities by combination of selective reactions and characterization by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

End groups play a critical role in macromolecular coupling reactions for building complex polymer architectures, yet their identity and purity can be difficult to ascertain using traditional analytical technique. Recent advances in mass spectrometry techniques have made matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-fight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry a rapid and powerful tool for providing detailed information about the identity and purity of homopolymer end groups. In this work, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to study end groups of linear polyethylene glycols. In particular, the identifications of alcohol, amine and thiol end groups are investigated because these nucleophilic moieties are among the most common within biological and synthetic macromolecules. Through comparative characterization of alcohol, amine, and thiol end groups, the exact identification of these end groups could be confirmed by selective and quantitative modification. The precision of this technique enables the unambiguous differentiation of primary amino groups relative to hydroxyl groups, which differ by only 1 mass unit. In addition, the quantitative conversion of various polyethylene glycol end groups using highly efficient coupling reactions such as the thiol-ene and azide-alkyne click reactions can be confirmed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
The Effect of Intravenous Papain on Cartilage Glycosaminoglycans

A time course effect of intravenous papain on the chondromucoprotein complex of rabbit ear cartilage was followed chemically. There was a decrease of chondroitin sulfate A and non-sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAH) up to the moment of maximal collapse of the rabbits ears. This was shown by a decrease in the content of hexuronic acids and hexosamines. During the repair of the matrix, there was an increase in non-sulfated GAG, which preceded the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate A.
Low-Complexity Compression for Sensory Systems

This brief presents a low-complexity mixed-domain data compression solution that is suitable for resource-constrained wireless sensory systems. Data compression reduces the transmission bandwidth of sensor nodes, helping them to save energy and extend their operation time. In the proposed compression solution, the sensor signal is decorrelated in the analog domain and converted to digital using a compressing analog-to-digital converter. The compressing converter is based on a cyclic converter architecture and is able to jointly perform the functions of quantization, signal conversion, and entropy coding in a single circuit. Since data compression is performed as the sensor signal is acquired, there is no need to use a microprocessor or a dedicated circuit to compress the signal, reducing the computational requirements of a sensor node. As a proof of concept, the proposed data compression scheme was implemented using programmable hardware and employed to acquire and compress physiological and speech signals.
American Bees of the Genus Heriades

Heriades is a genus of small, black, osmiine bees, widely distributed over North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. In North America species are known from Canada to Costa Rica, several being very widely distributed.
Globalization of agriculture

(2003). Globalization of agriculture. South African Journal of Plant and Soil: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 209-214.
PROGRESS TOWARDS COUNTING D5 QUINTIC FIELDS

Let N(5,D5,X) be the number of quintic number fields whose Galois closure has Galois group D5 and whose discriminant is bounded by X. By a conjecture of Malle, we expect that N(5,D5,X)∼C⋅X12 for some constant C. The best upper bound currently known is N(5,D5,X)≪X34+e, and we show this could be improved by counting points on a certain variety defined by a norm equation; computer calculations give strong evidence that this number is ≪X23. Finally, we show how such norm equations can be helpful by reinterpreting an earlier proof of Wong on upper bounds for A4 quartic fields in terms of a similar norm equation.
Phytoplankton blooms and nitrogen productivity in San Francisco Bay

San Francisco Bay has been considered an HNLC or HNLG (high nutrient low chlorophyll or low growth) region with nonlimiting concentrations of inorganic nutrients yet low standing stocks of phytoplankton. Most of the studies leading to this conclusion come from the South Bay and little is known about nutrient processes and phytoplankton productivity in the northern and central parts of the estuary. Data collected over 3 yr (1999–2003) in Suisun, San Pablo, and Central Bays describe the availability of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), silicate, and phosphate and the seasonal variability in phytoplankton abundance. Rate measurements of fractionated nitrogen productivity provide the relative contributions of different forms of DIN (ammonium and nitrate) and different sized phytoplankton to the development of seasonal phytoplankton blooms. Regional differences in bloom dynamics are observed with Suisun Bay, the least saline, highest nutrient, most turbid region having less phytoplankton biomass and productivity than San Pablo and Central Bays, except in the abnormally wet spring of 2000. Spring blooms in San Francisco Bay are driven primarily by high rates of nitrate uptake by larger phytoplankton cells following a period of increased ammonium uptake that depletes the ambient ammonium. The smaller occasional fall blooms are apparently flueled mostly by ammonium uptake by small sized phytoplankton. The data suggest that the HNLC condition in the northern and central parts of San Francisco Bay is due primarily to light availability modulated by the interaction between ammonium and nitrate, and the relative amounts of the two forms of the DIN pool available to the phytoplankton.
Real-time monitoring and short-term forecasting of land surface phenology

Abstract Land surface phenology is an important process for real-time monitoring and short-term forecasting in diverse land management, health, and hydrologic modeling applications. Yet current efforts to characterize phenological processes are limited by remote sensing challenges and lack of uncertainty estimates. Here, for a global distribution of phenologically and climatically similar phenoregions, we used the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer to develop a conceptually and computationally simple technique for real-time and forecast applications. Our overall approach was to analyze the phenological behavior of groups of pixels without recourse to smoothing or fitting. We used a 3-step initial process: (1) define a phenoregion specific normalized difference vegetation index threshold; (2) for all days from 1982–2003, calculate the percent of pixels above the threshold (PAT); (3) calculate daily 1982–2003 empirical distributions of PAT. For real-time monitoring, the current PAT may then be compared to the historical range of variability and visualized in relation to user-defined levels. Using similar concepts, we projected daily PAT up to one month in the future and compared predicted and actual dates at which a hypothetical PAT was reached. We found that the maximum lead-time of phenological forecasts could be analytically defined for user-specified uncertainty levels. The approach is adaptable to different remote sensing technologies and provides a foundation for ascribing a sequence of ground conditions (e.g. snowmelt, vegetative growth, pollen production, insect phenology) to remotely sensed land surface phenology observations.
Synthesis and characterization of aromatic polyamides and polyimides from trimethyl- and di-t-butylhydroquinone-based ether-linked diamines

Abstract 1,4-Bis(4-aminophenoxy)trimethylbenzene ( 3a ) and 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)-2,5-di- t -butylbenzene ( 3b ) were synthesized in two steps from the hydroquinones via nucleophilic aromatic substitution and catalytic reduction. Aromatic polyamides were synthesized from these diamines by direct polycondensation with various diacid chlorides or by reaction with diacids, triphenyl phosphite and pyridine in N -methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). Aromatic polyimides were synthesized from the trimethyl monomer using commercial dianhydrides in two-step polycondensations. Characterization of polymers was accomplished by 1 H n.m.r., 13 C n.m.r., FT i.r., d.s.c. and t.g.a. Intrinsic viscosities of polyamides were between 0.30 and 0.73 dl g −1 in NMP for the trimethyl polymers and between 0.57 and 1.47 dl g −1 in 5% LiCl/NMP for the di- t -butyl polyamides. Viscosities of the poly(amic acid)s ranged from 0.45 to 0.85 dl g −1 . Polyamides displayed T g values of 237–305°C and 5% weight loss values above 402°C in N 2 . T g values of polyimides varied between 235 and 300°C, with 5% weight loss values above 435°C in N 2 . Most polyimides were only soluble in H 2 SO 4 , while polyamides were soluble in polar aprotics such as NMP, N , N -dimethylacetamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.
The intersection of pop culture and non-traditional sports: an examination of the niche market of quidditch.

The real sport of quidditch was recently adapted from the fictional sport of the same namesake in the Harry Potter (HP) franchise. Quidditch is played at hundreds of locations across the USA and around the world. Considering the lack of marketing research on non-traditional, co-ed sports and the innovative nature of quidditch, the purpose of this research was to conduct a qualitative, grounded theory study (Strauss and Corbin, 1990) on the athletes and determine how involvement and identification is associated with these individuals becoming a viable niche market within the sports industry. Five factors led towards a desire to partake in quidditch and become involved and identified with the sport: identification with Harry Potter, camaraderie and friendship, desire to have fun, desire to try something new, and desire to get in shape.
The effects of disappointment on hindsight bias for real‐world outcomes

SUMMARY Examined the effects of motivated processing on hindsight bias. One hundred fifty three college students estimated and later recalled the likelihood that 30 self-relevant events would occur during the next 2 months. Multi-level modelling was used to determine the (within-subject) effects of expectations, event valence and event controllability on hindsight bias and the extent to which these effects were moderated by participants’ need for cognition (NFC) scores (between-subjects). For events that actually occurred, we found support for defensive processing in that the bias was smaller for negative events. Also, for events that actually occurred, those judged as more controllable produced a larger bias. Neither valence nor controllability had any effect on the size of the bias for events that did not occur. The size of the bias for occurrences did not differ significantly from that for non-occurrences. Finally, NFC did not moderate the effects of valence or controllability, nor did it directly affect the size of the bias. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jointly deriving NMR surface relaxivity and pore size distributions by NMR relaxation experiments on partially desaturated rocks

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry is a geophysical method widely used in borehole and laboratory applications to nondestructively infer transport and storage properties of rocks and soils as it is directly sensitive to the water/oil content and pore sizes. However, for inferring pore sizes, NMR relaxometry data need to be calibrated with respect to a surface interaction parameter, surface relaxivity, which depends on the type and mineral constituents of the investigated rock. This study introduces an inexpensive and quick alternative to the classical calibration methods, e.g., mercury injection, pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR, or grain size analysis, which allows for jointly estimating NMR surface relaxivity and pore size distributions using NMR relaxometry data from partially desaturated rocks. Hereby, NMR relaxation experiments are performed on the fully saturated sample and on a sample partially drained at a known differential pressure. Based on these data, the (capillary) pore radius distribution and surface relaxivity are derived by joint optimization of the Brownstein-Tarr and the Young-Laplace equation assuming parallel capillaries. Moreover, the resulting pore size distributions can be used to predict water retention curves. This inverse modeling approach—tested and validated using NMR relaxometry data measured on synthetic porous borosilicate samples with known petrophysical properties (i.e., permeability, porosity, inner surfaces, pore size distributions)—yields consistent and reproducible estimates of surface relaxivity and pore radii distributions. Also, subsequently calculated water retention curves generally correlate well with measured water retention curves.
Methodologies for tolerating cell and interconnect faults in FPGAs

The very high levels of integration and submicron device sizes used in current and emerging VLSI technologies for FPGAs lead to higher occurrences of defects and operational faults. Thus, there is a critical need for fault tolerance and reconfiguration techniques for FPGAs to increase chip yields (with factory reconfiguration) and/or system reliability (with field reconfiguration). We first propose techniques utilizing the principle of node-covering to tolerate logic or cell faults in SRAM-based FPGAs. A routing discipline is developed that allows each cell to cover-to be able to replace-its neighbor in a row. Techniques are also proposed for tolerating wiring faults by means of replacement with spare portions. The replaceable portions can be individual segments, or else sets of segments, called "grids". Fault detection in the FPGAs is accomplished by separate testing, either at the factory or by the user. If reconfiguration around faulty cells and wiring is performed at the factory (with laser-burned fuses, for example), it is completely transparent to the user. In other words, user configuration data loaded into the SRAM remains the same, independent of whether the chip is detect-free or whether it has been reconfigured around defective cells or wiring-a major advantage for hardware vendors who design and sell FPGA-based logic (e.g., glue logic in microcontrollers, video cards, DSP cards) in production-scale quantities. Compared to other techniques for fault tolerance in FPGAs, our methods are shown to provide significantly greater yield improvement, and a 35 percent non-FT chip yield for a 16/spl times/16 FPGA is more than doubled.
Inhibition by Sulfapyridine of the Curative Action of Nicotinic Acid in Dogs

SummaryWhen dogs were placed on a diet deficient in nicotinic acid, the addition of nicotinic acid corrected the deficiency, while the addition of nicotinic acid and sulfapyridine failed to do so. When raw liver and sulfapyridine were added to the diet, the deficiency disappeared. It seems possible, but not proven, that sulfapyridine inhibits the action of nicotinic acid but not of preformed coenzymes.
Optical and microwave timing transfer and synchronization using optical pulse trains

Optical pulse trains from mode-locked lasers carry ultra-low-jitter optical and microwave signals. High-precision transfer of optical pulse trains to remote locations can result in large-scale synchronization of multiple ultrafast lasers and rf-systems. We report on the achievement of long-term (>10 hours) sub-10 fs accuracy in timing transfer as well as optical-to-microwave and optical-to-optical synchronization.
Delivery Blood Pressure and Other First Pregnancy Risk Factors in Relation to Hypertensive Disorders in Second Pregnancies

BACKGROUND First pregnancy characteristics and blood pressure (BP) measures may be associated with second pregnancy hypertensive disorder risk. We examined the association between first pregnancy risk factors and second pregnancy hypertensive disorders. METHODS Electronic medical records of nulliparas (n = 26,787) delivering at least twice in Utah (2002-2010) were used. Polychotomous logistic regression models estimated the association of first pregnancy risk factors with second pregnancy hypertensive disorders (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, or chronic hypertension) stratified by first pregnancy hypertensive status and adjusted for second characteristics. RESULTS Among normotensive women in their first pregnancy, preterm birth (<34 weeks) and elevated BP at delivery admission in the first pregnancy increased odds of all incident hypertensive disorders in the second. Even borderline admission BP (either systolic or diastolic BP: 130-139 or 85-89 mm Hg, respectively) was associated with a doubling of hypertensive disorder risk in a subsequent pregnancy. First pregnancy BP was also associated with recurrence risks for hypertensive disorders, but the relation was stronger for women with gestational hypertension in their first pregnancy with more than 2-fold elevated risk across all BP categories (odds ratios range: 2.32-12.6). However, the majority of women (75%) with a hypertensive disorder in the first pregnancy do not repeat this outcome in the second pregnancy. CONCLUSION Delivery admission BP of a first pregnancy was strongly related to hypertensive disorder incidence and recurrence in the subsequent pregnancy. Although crude, these measures may prove useful as a predictor of long-term maternal health and future pregnancy risk.
Carotid sinus baroreceptor control of right coronary circulation in normal, hypertrophied, and failing right ventricles of conscious dogs

Tlie right coronary vascular response to bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO) was assessed in normal, conscious dogs and also in dogs with right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy alone or in combination with right heart failure, induced by chronic (5-7 months) pulmonary artery stenosis. In normal, conscious dogs with intact adrenergic neural activity and with heart rate held constant by electrical pacing, BCO increased (P < 0.01) mean aortic pressure (33 ± 4%) and induced only minor changes in RV hemodynamics, but no change in right coronary blood flow (4 ± 3%), and a significant increase (P < 0.01) in right coronary resistance (32 ± 5%). /J-Adrenergic receptor blockade did not unmask a further right coronary constrictor response to BCO. However, combined aand /3-adrenergic receptor blockades significantly reduced (P < 0.02) the BCO-lnduced Increase in right coronary resistance. When we raised m m i aortic pressure by an amount similar (34 ± 8%) to that which occurred with BCO, but in this case by hydraulically constricting the ascending thoracic aorta in conscious dogs pretreated with a ganglionlc blocker, right coronary blood flow rose (P < 0.01) 55 ± 8%. The BCOinduced increase in right coronary resistance was greatly attenuated (P < 0.O1) in dogs with RV hypertrophy alone, and further depressed (P < 0.01) in dogs with RV failure. Thus, in the normal, conscious dog with intact adrenergic neural activity, BCO elicits an increase hi right coronary resistance which is: (1) not the result of right coronary autoregulation, (2) not enhanced by /3-adrenergic receptor blockade, and (3) largely due to a-adrenergic vasoconstriction. Furthermore, the BCO-induced right coronary constriction is diminished in dogs with RV hypertrophy alone, and further depressed in dogs with RV hypertrophy and failure. Ore Res 49:1339-1349, 19S1
Homologues of serotonergic central pattern generator neurons in related nudibranch molluscs with divergent behaviors

Homologues of a neuron that contributes to a species-specific behavior were identified and characterized in species lacking that behavior. The nudibranch Tritonia diomedea swims by flexing its body dorsally and ventrally. The dorsal swim interneurons (DSIs) are components of the central pattern generator (CPG) underlying this rhythmic motor pattern and also activate crawling. Homologues of the DSIs were identified in six nudibranchs that do not exhibit dorsal–ventral swimming: Tochuina tetraquetra, Melibe leonina, Dendronotus iris, D. frondosus, Armina californica, and Triopha catalinae. Homology was based upon shared features that distinguish the DSIs from all other neurons: (1) serotonin immunoreactivity, (2) location in the Cerebral serotonergic posterior (CeSP) cluster, and (3) axon projection to the contralateral pedal ganglion. The DSI homologues, named CeSP-A neurons, share additional features with the DSIs: irregular basal firing, synchronous inputs, electrical coupling, and reciprocal inhibition. Unlike the DSIs, the CeSP-A neurons were not rhythmically active in response to nerve stimulation. The CeSP-A neurons in Tochuina and Triopha also excited homologues of the Tritonia Pd5 neuron, a crawling efferent. Thus, the CeSP-A neurons and the DSIs may be part of a conserved network related to crawling that may have been co-opted into a rhythmic swim CPG in Tritonia.
Radiation resistance of a linear current filament in a drifting magnetoplasma medium

The radiation resistance of a short current filament situated along the distinguished axis in a uniaxially anisotropic drifting magnetoplasma medium is evaluated for the case of a triangular distribution of current. The correction to the radiation resistance arising from a vanishingly small drift velocity of the plasma is found to be given by an additive term, which is essentially proportional to the drift velocity.
Data Acquisition Applications

This chapter contains sections titled: A Monolithic 12b+Sign Successive Approximation A/D Converter An Error-Correcting 14b/20��s CMOS A/D Converter Autocalibration cements 16-bit performance A CMOS Programmable Self-Calibrating 13-bit Eight-Channel Data Acquisition Peripheral An 80-MHz 8-bit CMOS D/A Converter A 1-GHz 6-bit ADC System
Wehrmacht Priests: Catholicism and the Nazi War of Annihilation

The Wehrmacht, Germany's first army of the people, remains one of the most contested phenomena of modern German history. Historical research into the Wehrmacht has revolved around its now establish...
Urethan Rubber from a Polyether Glycol. Properties of Raw Polymer and Vulcanizates

Abstract In recent years, the synthesis of polymers by reacting organic diisocyanates with compounds containing two or more active hydrogens has been studied extensively. Much of the pioneering work on the chemistry of organic polyisocyanates and their reaction products was carried out by Du Pont chemists. The products were fibers, elastomers, and plastomeric solids. In Great Britain, research of the Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., was directed toward the reaction of polyesteramides with organic diisocyanates to produce vulcanizable polymeric plasticizers, designated Vulcaprenes. In Germany, Bayer and co-workers developed the elastomer known as Vulcollan through their study of the reaction of polyester glycols with organic diisocyanates. Recently, interest in isocyanate-based addition polymers has been stimulated by the commercial availability of a number of polyisocyanates. An elastomer, Chemigum-SL polyester-urethan, was announced by the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company in 1953. Both Vulcollan and Che...
Transfluxor design considerations

The transfluxor is a new magnetic device for use in information handling and nondestructive storage systems. The location and sizes of each of the several apertures determine many of the operating characteristics of the device. This paper discusses the various geometric and magnetic factors that should be considered before deciding upon a core configuration. Two methods, one based on a graphical approach, the other on mathematics, are outlined to determine the optimum shape for a particular application. A procedure may be reversed to predict the performance of existing cores. The flux storage principles are described and the equation \Phi_{s} = kI_{c} - k' is derived. This equation shows the relationship between the input current I c and the stored flux \Phi_{s}. k and k' are design constants depending on the magnetic and physical properties of a core. Comparisons are made between a 346-mil (OD) core and one of 83 mils. Estimates are given as to the practical limits to which core miniaturization may be carried using existing fabrication methods.
FDG Avidity and Tumor Burden: Survival Outcomes for Patients With Recurrent Breast Cancer.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to assess the value of quantitative PET parameters in the prediction of survival for patients with recurrent breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We conducted a retrospective study of 78 women who had recurrent breast cancer identified by biopsy or follow-up examinations from 2000 to 2012. The maximum and peak standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVpeak, respectively), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured for each recurrent lesion at primary, nodal, and distant metastatic sites, with the use of the gradient segmentation method. The optimum cutoff point (i.e., the value with the maximum Youden index, defined as sensitivity plus specificity minus 1) was calculated using the ROC curve. The median follow-up duration was 28.5 months (range, 0–94 months). The primary outcome measure was overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier survival plots and Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS. The mean (± SD) values noted for the...
Comparison of Therapeutic Efficacy of Doxycycline, Chlortetracycline and Lincomycin-Spectinomycin on E. coli Infection of Young Chickens

Three replicate trials were conducted with broiler male chicks to test the therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline, chlortetracycline and lincomycin-spectinomycin in water against an artifically induced Escherichia coli infection. Mortality, lesion scores (heart, liver and air sac), and performance data were the criteria in evaluating therapeutic efficacy of these drugs. Results indicated the therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline was greater than chlortetracycline and lincomycin-spectinomycin.
Transition Probabilities for the 5 s ′ [ 1 2 ] 1 − 3 p Transitions of Ne I

Transition probabilities for nine allowed transitions between the $5{s}^{\ensuremath{'}}{[\frac{1}{2}]}_{1}$ and $3p$ states of neon have been measured in side light emission from a discharge tube placed inside a He-Ne-laser radiation field. The laser was tunable at nine visible lines belonging to the $5{s}^{\ensuremath{'}}{[\frac{1}{2}]}_{1}\ensuremath{-}3p$ array. The gas mixture and the discharge current were adjusted so as to obtain a transparent plasma at the respective laser wavelength. Such a plasma is characterized by an absence of both resonance absorption and stimulated emission, creating a condition that $\frac{{N}_{1}}{{N}_{2}}=\frac{{g}_{1}}{{g}_{2}}$ between the upper- and the lower-energy levels of the laser transition. This condition immediately enables the intensity ratio of two transitions arising from two different energy levels to be reduced to the ratio of the transition probabilities. The relative $A$ values were put into an absolute scale using Bennett and Kindlmann's lifetime data on $3p$ levels. Nine independent measurements were made through the use of nine laser transitions. Excellent agreement was seen between these independent measurements. The estimated error in the relative measurements is 2%, and the best value of the absolute ${A}_{632.8}$ was found to be (0.339 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.014) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{7}$${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ When compared with the data of Hansch et al. and Bychkova et al., who employed a similar method but only one laser transition at 632.8 nm, significant disagreement is seen. It was found that the self-absorption of $3p\ensuremath{-}3s$ lines is as large as 20%. Argon was added to reduce this effect to a negligible level. There is strong evidence that this effect was disregarded in other measurements, thereby resulting in the large disagreement with our data.
Performance characteristics of reference thromboplastins.

Data are presented to show that the use of the five “reference thromboplastins” distributed by the Medical Research Council, Division of Biologic Standards, as standards cannot be supported when the performance of these reference thromboplastins is evaluated critically. In fact, the performance of a commercially available thromboplastin is generally superior. It is not possible to support the concept that these reference thromboplastins should be used for international standardization of the prothrombin time test, nor is it possible to support the adoption of clotting ratios, as these are shown to be subject to significant variation owing to the high coefficients of variation for the reference thromboplastins. The use of standard reference plasmas for standardization has been well documented and is reviewed. It is recommended that commercially available control plasmas (Verify Normal, Verify I, and Verify II) be used for the daily quality control of the prothrombin time test.
Antibody binding to greater than 50% of sperm at the tail tip does not impair male fertility

A prospective study was conducted with a man displaying 57.5 +/- 13.4% tail tip-directed ASAs to relate results of in vitro tests with attempts to conceive. Tests of seminal quality, penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes, and in vitro penetration of preovulatory cervical mucus were normal. A pregnancy was achieved by natural intercourse during the first cycle in which conception was attempted. More than 50% of sperm were bound by ASAs during the cycle in which conception occurred. These results suggest that ASA binding to certain regions of the sperm surface have no adverse effect on fertility. Therefore, when diagnosing the fertility status of males with ASAs, it appears prudent to use tests that permit determination of the regional distribution of ASA binding to sperm, rather than tests that only permit determination of the presence or absence of ASAs in test fluids.
A mouse model replicating hippocampal sparing cranial irradiation in humans: A tool for identifying new strategies to limit neurocognitive decline

Cancer patients undergoing cranial irradiation are at risk of developing neurocognitive impairments. Recent evidence suggests that radiation-induced injury to the hippocampi could play an important role in this cognitive decline. As a tool for studying the mechanisms of hippocampal-dependent cognitive decline, we developed a mouse model replicating the results of the recent clinical RTOG 0933 study of hippocampal sparing whole-brain irradiation. We irradiated 16-week-old female C57BL/6J mice to a single dose of 10 Gy using either whole-brain irradiation (WBRT) or hippocampal sparing irradiation (HSI). These animals, as well as sham-irradiated controls, were subjected to behavioral/cognitive assessments distinguishing between hippocampal-dependent and hippocampal-independent functions. Irradiation was well tolerated by all animals and only limited cell death of proliferating cells was found within the generative zones. Animals exposed to WBRT showed significant deficits compared to sham-irradiated controls in the hippocampal-dependent behavioral task. In contrast, HSI mice did not perform significantly different from sham-irradiated mice (control group) and performed significantly better when compared to WBRT mice. This is consistent with the results from the RTOG 0933 clinical trial, and as such this animal model could prove a helpful tool for exploring new strategies for mitigating cognitive decline in cancer patients receiving cranial irradiation.
Excavations at a Prehistoric Camp Site on the Mogollon Rim, East Central Arizona

ABSTRACTArchaeological excavations directed by Laurens C. Hammack were conducted near Overgaard, Arizona, under the Statewide Highway Salvage Program. Arizona P: 10:7 proved to be a prehistoric camp site with two temporally and, to some extent, spatially separated occupations. The site was first occupied briefly between A.D. 600 and 950. Four hearths, early Mogollon pottery types, and an extensive lithic assemblage were associated with this occupation. After A.D. 1100 the site was occupied again, as suggested by the presence of Snowflake Black-on-white pottery. This second use of the area was probably a brief one, as little other cultural material and no hearths were found in association with the pottery.