cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Capturing Upper Limb Gross Motor Categories Using the Kinect® Sensor

Importance: Along with growth in telerehabilitation, a concurrent need has arisen for standardized methods of tele-evaluation. Objective: To examine the feasibility of using the Kinect sensor in an objective, computerized clinical assessment of upper limb motor categories. Design: We developed a computerized Mallet classification using the Kinect sensor. Accuracy of computer scoring was assessed on the basis of reference scores determined collaboratively by multiple evaluators from reviewing video recording of movements. In addition, using the reference score, we assessed the accuracy of the typical clinical procedure in which scores were determined immediately on the basis of visual observation. The accuracy of the computer scores was compared with that of the typical clinical procedure. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: Seven patients with stroke and 10 healthy adult participants. Healthy participants intentionally achieved predetermined scores. Outcomes and Measures: Accuracy of the computer scores in comparison with accuracy of the typical clinical procedure (immediate visual assessment). Results: The computerized assessment placed participants’ upper limb movements in motor categories as accurately as did typical clinical procedures. Conclusions and Relevance: Computerized clinical assessment using the Kinect sensor promises to facilitate tele-evaluation and complement telehealth applications. What This Article Adds: Computerized clinical assessment can enable patients to conduct evaluations remotely in their homes without therapists present.
P3E-Based Image Processing Algorithms and Techniques

The impetus for this chapter lies in determining the completeness of our model, i.e., determining whether or not the same architecture is appropriate for obtaining a digital approximation not only to the Radon transform, but also to the inverse Radon transform. Thus, we have focussed on image processing applications in which Radon data must be backprojected to recover the image. These applications are presented in the following sections, and they include: (1) digital image reconstruction using the non-iterative techniques of convolution backprojection and filtered backprojection; (2) digital image reconstruction using the iterative Kacmarz method; (3) 2-D convolution of an image with a kernel; (4) rotation and translation of images; and (5) CT reconstruction, which uses exact sampled-continuous as opposed to digital projection data. In all of the experiments, we used 256 × 256 8-bit images. We utilized 180 projections for each image, at orientations θ = 0°, 1°, 2°,…, 179°. As will be seen, our model is complete, and the architecture presented in Chap. 3 does support both the projection and backprojection operations.
Imagined Interactions and Inner Speech

Similarities and differences between inner speech and imagined interactions (IIs) are discussed. Selected studies in both areas are reviewed. Inner speech originally was conceptualized as a stage i...
Skill of Rain–Snow Level Forecasts for Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers: A Multimodel Assessment Using California’s Network of Vertically Profiling Radars

AbstractThe partitioning of rain and snow during atmospheric river (AR) storms is a critical factor in flood forecasting, water resources planning, and reservoir operations. Forecasts of atmospheri...
Does the Outdoor Industry Perpetuate Whiteness? An Examination of Colorism with Athleisure and Outdoor Brands Instagram Posts

This paper pursued an empirical investigation of diversity on Instagram by exploring the theoretical underpinnings on Instagram. We collected data through an intercept survey conducted at a predominately white United States university. The survey was administered to 109 individuals (the mean age was 22.4 +/- 3.9 years, 39.4% were PoC, 53.2% were female and 44.0% were male. Collectively the research finding suggests that social dominance and colorism may be prevalent in on Instagram, especially within categories that uphold stereotypes, perceptions, and biases about ethnicities and races of their consumers, such as the outdoor industry.
Deep learning predicts breast cancer recurrence in analysis of consecutive MRIs acquired during the course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy

The purpose of this study was to assess long short-term memory networks in the prediction of recurrence-free survival in breast cancer patients using features extracted from MRIs acquired during the course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In the I-SPY1 dataset, up to 4 MRI exams were available per patient acquired at pre-treatment, early-treatment, interregimen, and pre-surgery time points. Breast cancers were automatically segmented and 8 features describing kinetic curve characteristics were extracted. We assessed performance of long short-term memory networks in the prediction of recurrence-free survival status at 2 years and at 5 years post-surgery. For these predictions, we analyzed MRIs from women who had at least 2 (or 5) years of recurrence-free follow-up or experienced recurrence or death within that timeframe: 157 women and 73 women, respectively. One approach used features extracted from all available exams and the other approach used features extracted from only exams prior to the second cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The areas under the ROC curve in the prediction of recurrence-free survival status at 2 years post-surgery were 0.80, 95% confidence interval [0.68; 0.88] and 0.75 [0.62; 0.83] for networks trained with all 4 available exams and only the ‘early’ exams, respectively. Hazard ratios at the lowest, median, and highest quartile cut -points were 6.29 [2.91; 13.62], 3.27 [1.77; 6.03], 1.65 [0.83; 3.27] and 2.56 [1.20; 5.48], 3.01 [1.61; 5.66], 2.30 [1.14; 4.67]. Long short-term memory networks were able to predict recurrence-free survival in breast cancer patients, also when analyzing only MRIs acquired ‘early on’ during neoadjuvant treatment.
Evolutionary Social Psychology

Evolutionary social psychology is the study of how people think about, feel about, and behave toward others, as viewed through the lens of evolutionary biology. This approach to social psychology synthesizes developments in several fields, including zoology, ecology, cognitive neuroscience, and anthropology. The beginning premise is that all recurrent human social behaviors reflect the influence of physical and psychological predispositions that helped our ancestors survive and reproduce. The evolutionary approach is a perspective that can be utilized to generate hypotheses about a wide range of human thoughts and behaviors. Here, we provide a brief synopsis of the theory and research generated by this perspective.
A Space to Speak: Therapeutic Theater to Address Gender-Based Violence:

This article examines the experience of eight graduate students in the drama therapy program at Lesley University when creating and performing a theater piece centered around gender-based violence....
SCIENCE PARAMETRICS FOR MISSIONS TO SEARCH FOR EARTH-LIKE EXOPLANETS BY DIRECT IMAGING

We use Nt , the number of exoplanets observed in time t, as a science metric to study direct-search missions like Terrestrial Planet Finder. In our model, N has 27 parameters, divided into three categories: 2 astronomical, 7 instrumental, and 18 science-operational. For various 27-vectors of those parameters chosen to explore parameter space, we compute design reference missions to estimate Nt . Our treatment includes the recovery of completeness c after a search observation, for revisits, solar and antisolar avoidance, observational overhead, and follow-on spectroscopy. Our baseline 27-vector has aperture D = 16 m, inner working angle IWA = 0.039'', mission time t = 0-5 yr, occurrence probability for Earth-like exoplanets η = 0.2, and typical values for the remaining 23 parameters. For the baseline case, a typical five-year design reference mission has an input catalog of ~4700 stars with nonzero completeness, ~1300 unique stars observed in ~2600 observations, of which ~1300 are revisits, and it produces N 1 ~ 50 exoplanets after one year and N 5 ~ 130 after five years. We explore offsets from the baseline for 10 parameters. We find that N depends strongly on IWA and only weakly on D. It also depends only weakly on zodiacal light for Z 0.2, and scattered starlight for ζ < 10–10. We find that observational overheads, completeness recovery and revisits, solar and antisolar avoidance, and follow-on spectroscopy are all important factors in estimating N.
In vivo CGG repeat RNA binding protein capture identifies RAN translation modifiers and suppressors of repeat toxicity

Abstract Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a transcribed CGG repeat expansion in the 5’ UTR of FMR1. Expanded CGG repeat RNAs both sequester RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) into nuclear foci and undergo repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation into toxic homopolymeric peptides. RBPs that interact with CGG repeats may play a pivotal role in foci formation and/or RAN translation. Here we employed a CGG repeat RNA-tagging system to capture and identify CGG repeat binding RBPs in vivo under different cellular conditions. We found that several SR (serine/arginine-rich domain) proteins interact with CGG repeat RNAs basally and under cellular stress. These same proteins strongly modify toxicity in a Drosophila model of FXTAS, improving eye degeneration and survival. Furthermore, genetic or pharmacological targeting of the serine/arginine protein kinases (SRPKs) suppresses RAN translation in cellular reporters and toxicity in fly models of FXTAS and C9orf72 ALS/FTD. Finally, pharmacological targeting of SRPK1 supressed CGG repeat toxicity and enhanced survival in rodent neurons. Taken together, these findings demonstrate roles for CGG repeat RNA binding proteins in both RAN translation and repeat toxicity and suggest SRPK inhibition may serve as a possible therapeutic strategy in repeat expansion disorders.
Electric Eels Wield a Functional Venom Analogue

In this paper, I draw an analogy between the use of electricity by electric eels (Electrophorus electricus) to paralyze prey muscles and the use of venoms that paralyze prey by disrupting the neuromuscular junction. The eel's strategy depends on the recently discovered ability of eels to activate prey motor neuron efferents with high-voltage pulses. Usually, eels use high voltage to cause brief, whole-body tetanus, thus preventing escape while swallowing prey whole. However, when eels struggle with large prey, or with prey held precariously, they often curl to bring their tail to the opposite side. This more than doubles the strength of the electric field within shocked prey, ensuring maximal stimulation of motor neuron efferents. Eels then deliver repeated volleys of high-voltage pulses at a rate of approximately 100 Hz. This causes muscle fatigue that attenuates prey movement, thus preventing both escape and defense while the eel manipulates and swallows the helpless animal. Presumably, the evolution of enough electrical power to remotely activate ion channels in prey efferents sets the stage for the selection of eel behaviors that functionally "poison" prey muscles.
Biologic Agents in Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic, progressive form of inflammatory arthritis that occurs in individuals with psoriasis. It affects at least 0.3%of the population, although estimates of its prevalence vary widely, and is generally considered an autoimmune disease with unknown antigenic determinants. There currently is no predictive marker indicating which psoriasis patients will develop arthritis (Mease 2004). PsA often is classified as a subtype of spondyloarthropathy, due to shared HLA associations among those with spinal involvement, and characteristic inflammatory clinical and immunopathologic features (Kruithof et al. 2005). Although it is heterogeneous in presentation, this disease often results in significant functional impairment and reduced quality of life (Husted et al. 2001).
Propagation of large earthquakes as self-healing pulses or mild cracks.

Observations suggest that mature faults host large earthquakes at much lower levels of stress than their expected static strength1–11. Potential explanations are that the faults are quasi-statically strong but experience considerable weakening during earthquakes, or that the faults are persistently weak, for example, because of fluid overpressure. Here we use numerical modelling to examine these competing theories for simulated earthquake ruptures that satisfy the well known observations of 1–10 megapascal stress drops and limited heat production. In that regime, quasi-statically strong but dynamically weak faults mainly host relatively sharp, self-healing pulse-like ruptures, with only a small portion of the fault slipping at a given time, whereas persistently weak faults host milder ruptures with more spread-out slip, which are called crack-like ruptures. We find that the sharper self-healing pulses, which exhibit larger dynamic stress changes compared to their static stress changes, result in much larger radiated energy than that inferred teleseismically for megathrust events12. By contrast, milder crack-like ruptures on persistently weak faults, which produce comparable static and dynamic stress changes, are consistent with the seismological observations. The larger radiated energy of self-healing pulses is similar to the limited regional inferences available for crustal strike-slip faults. Our findings suggest that either large earthquakes rarely propagate as self-healing pulses, with potential differences between tectonic settings, or their radiated energy is substantially underestimated, raising questions about earthquake physics and the expected shaking from large earthquakes. Numerical simulations indicate that seismological observations of large megathrust earthquakes are better matched by crack-like ruptures on persistently weak faults than by self-healing pulse-like ruptures on stronger faults.
Ti-contacted halide-assisted CVD grown WSe2 monolayers for high performance photodetectors

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have received a great deal of attention from the scientific community since the advent of graphene. Tungsten diselenide (2H-WSe2) has particularly drawn-out attention of researchers because of its broadband spectral detection range. In this work, we have reported a halide assisted chemical vapor deposition (HA-LPCVD) technique for synthesis of large crystallites of 2H-WSe2 with high crystalline perfection. The average crystallite size of synthesized 2H-WSe2 was in the order of ~20 μm. We have reported device 2H-WSe2 device fabrication using poly (methyl methacrylate) and electron beam lithography process to define titanium (Ti) metal contacts. A temperature (T) dependent analysis of the electronic transport reported here reveals a T-dependent conduction process existing at the interface of Ti and 2H-WSe2 and an interfacial barrier height of ~ 0.35 eV was calculated at the thermionic emission regime. From the reported optoelectronic characterization, an on-off ratio (Ion/Ioff) of ~9 was calculated. Furthermore, a responsivity (ℜ) of ~ 242 A/W was calculated for our 2H-WSe2 based photodetector under broadband light excitation. The reported photodetector figures of merit will open avenues for use of monolayer 2H-WSe2 with Ti metal contacts for high performance photodetection.
A Comparison of Growth Factors and Cytokines in Fresh Frozen Plasma and Never Frozen Plasma.

Abstract Background Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) contains proinflammatory mediators released from cellular debris during frozen storage. In addition, recent studies have shown that transfusion of never-frozen plasma (NFP), instead of FFP, may be superior in trauma patients. We hypothesized that FFP would have higher levels of inflammatory mediators when compared to NFP. Materials and Methods FFP (n = 8) and NFP (n = 8) samples were obtained from an urban, level 1 trauma center blood bank. The cytokines in these samples were compared using a Milliplex (Milliplex Sigma) human cytokine magnetic bead panel multiplex assay for 41 different biomarkers. Results Growth factors that were higher in NFP included platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA; 8.09 versus 108.00 pg/mL, P Conclusions Frozen storage of plasma may result in decrease of several growth factors and/or pro-coagulants found in NFP. In addition, the freezing and thawing process may induce release of pro-inflammatory chemokines. Further studies are needed to determine if these cytokines result in improved outcomes with NFP over FFP in transfusion of trauma patients.
Towards Very Low-Cost Iterative Prototyping for Fully Printable Dexterous Soft Robotic Hands.

The design and fabrication of soft robot hands is still a time-consuming and difficult process. Advances in rapid prototyping have accelerated the fabrication process significantly while introducing new complexities into the design process. In this work, we present an approach that utilizes novel low-cost fabrication techniques in conjunction with design tools helping soft hand designers to systematically take advantage of multi-material 3D printing to create dexterous soft robotic hands. While very low cost and lightweight, we show that generated designs are highly durable, surprisingly strong, and capable of dexterous grasping.
Bad Behavior and Immorality

In this Part I discuss human conduct as it actually is rather than as it ought to be. A life can be moral only if it is, as Aristotle said, an activity in accordance with reason, but I would add as a necessary codicil, with reason in view of all of the facts, including the ugliest ones. The emphasis here, therefore, will have to be on bad behavior and immorality rather than on good behavior and morality, which was the topic of the previous Part. For we are now concerned not with ideals but with actuality.
Methods of Constructing Copulas

If we have a collection of copulas then, as a consequence of Sklar’s theorem, we automatically have a collection of bivariate or multivariate distributions with whatever marginal distributions we desire. Clearly this can be useful in modeling and simulation. Furthermore, by virtue of Theorem 2.4.3, the nonparametric nature of the dependence between two random variables, is expressed by the copula. Thus the study of concepts and measures of nonparametric dependence is a study of properties of copulas—a topic we will pursue in Chapter 5. For this study, it is advantageous to have a variety of copulas at our disposal.
The little magazine in contemporary America

Little magazines have often showcased the best new writing in America. Historically, they have served the dual functions of representing the avant-garde of literary expression while also helping many emerging writers become established authors. Although the changing technology and increasingly harsh financial realities of publishing over the past three decades would seem to have pushed little magazines to the brink of extinction, their story is far more complicated. Small publications continue to persevere, some even to thrive. In this collection, Ian Morris and Joanne Diaz gather together the reflections of twenty-three prominent little magazine editors whose literary journals have flourished over the past thirty-five years. Highlighting the creativity and innovation behind this diverse and still vital medium, contributors offer insights into how their publications sometimes succeeded, sometimes reluctantly folded, but mostly how they evolved and persevered. Topics discussed also include the role of little magazines in promoting the work and concerns of minority and women writers, the place of universities in supporting and shaping little magazines, and the online and offline future of their publications.
Repast: An extensible framework for agent simulation

RePast is a software framework for agent-based simulation created by Social Science Research Computing at the University of Chicago. It provides an integrated library of classes for creating, running, displaying, and collecting data from an agent-based simulation. This paper is an overview of RePast's design, features, and capabilities and describes the implementation of some of its key abstractions.
Do we need to walk for effective virtual reality navigation? physical rotations alone may suffice

Physical rotations and translations are the basic constituents of navigation behavior, yet there is mixed evidence about their relative importance for complex navigation in virtual reality (VR). In the present experiment, 24 participants wore head-mounted displays and performed navigational search tasks with rotations/translations controlled by physical motion or joystick. As expected, physical walking showed performance benefits over joystick navigation. Controlling translations via joystick and rotations via physical rotations led to better performance than joystick navigation, and yielded almost comparable performance to actual walking in terms of search efficiency and time. Walking resulted, however, in increased viewpoint changes and shorter navigation paths, suggesting a rotation/translation tradeoff and different navigation strategies. While previous studies have emphasized the importance of full physical motion via walking (Ruddle & Lessels, 2006, 2009), our data suggests that considerable navigation improvements can already be gained by allowing for full-body rotations, without the considerable cost, space, tracking, and safety requirements of free-space walking setups.
Low-temperature optical spectroscopy: metalloprotein structure and dynamics.

Publisher Summary This chapter recounts outlines the history of the topic and presents an appropriate context to the value and proper status of low-temperature studies in revealing secrets of the structure-function relationships of metalloproteins. The values of low-temperature optical studies are many. Some of the obvious advantages these investigations often have over those at ambient temperatures are that they allow (1) the trapping or isolation of reactive species, (2) increased resolution of spectral bands, (3) probing of conformational dynamics and broadening mechanisms based on temperature-dependent changes in optical bands, and (4) examination of electron-nuclear coupling strengths by comparison of optical and resonance Raman theory and experiment. This chapter presents examples of the way both historical and current experiments capitalize on these four points and suggests some suitable areas for future research. Developments in the application of the technique have been evidenced by the expanding utilization of low-temperature optical spectroscopy to probe metailoprotein structure and dynamics. Specifically, analysis of low-temperature optical data to understand structure in heme proteins has seen an acceleration of interest. The use of the “optical method” in biophysics has been reviewed, and this chapter discusses these new applications and attempts to trace some of their historical origins.
Electronic structure of the ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors CuAls2, CuGaS2, CuInS2, CuAlse2, CuGaSe2, and CuInSe2

The electronic structure of six Cu-based ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors is calculated self-consistently for the first time within the density-functional formalism. The chemical trends in the band structures, electronic charge densities, density of states, and chemical bonding are analyzed.
Computational analysis and Monte Carlo simulation of wave propagation

Computational analysis and modelling of wave propagation and interaction with objects are essential to understand the fundamental problems of wave travelling. Though various methods have been proposed to model the wave propagation procedures, Monte Carlo simulation plays an important role as an effective method to trace individual photon history, based on the statistics of large photon population sample to approach the wave propagation in scattering tissue objects. This paper represents our computational modelling and investigation of the Monte Carlo simulation of light propagation in scattering objects. Computer algorithms were developed to simulate the photon migration using different attenuation coefficients in the model. Results show that our Monte Carlo simulation of light propagation is capable to simulate the three-dimensional light-tissue interaction problem.
Seasonal Abundance of Planktonic Rotifers in a Nearshore Area of Central Lake Michigan

Thirty-four species of planktonic rotifers were recorded from east central Lake Michigan. Polyarthra vulgaris and Keratella cochlearis were the most abundant species recorded. Kellicottia longispina, Notholca squamula, Keratella earlinae, K. quadrata, and Synchaeta stylata were also important species. Maximum abundance occurred in June (360 Ind./L). July and August abundances exceeded 100 ind./L while spring and fall samples contained 10-20 ind./L. The species assemblage in east central Lake Michigan, western Lake Michigan, and Lake Ontario is similar. The eutrophic indicator Brachionus, abundant in western Lake Erie, was rare in this investigation.
Getting in Sync with Dimeric Eg5 INITIATION AND REGULATION OF THE PROCESSIVE RUN

Eg5/KSP is the kinesin-related motor protein that generates the major plus-end directed force for mitotic spindle assembly and dynamics. Recent work using a dimeric form of Eg5 has found it to be a processive motor; however, its mechanochemical cycle is different from that of conventional Kinesin-1. Dimeric Eg5 appears to undergo a conformational change shortly after collision with the microtubule that primes the motor for its characteristically short processive runs. To better understand this conformational change as well as head-head communication during processive stepping, equilibrium and transient kinetic approaches have been used. By contrast to the mechanism of Kinesin-1, microtubule association triggers ADP release from both motor domains of Eg5. One motor domain releases ADP rapidly, whereas ADP release from the other occurs after a slow conformational change at ∼1 s-1. Therefore, dimeric Eg5 begins its processive run with both motor domains associated with the microtubule and in the nucleotide-free state. During processive stepping however, ATP binding and potentially ATP hydrolysis signals rearward head advancement 16 nm forward to the next microtubule-binding site. This alternating cycle of processive stepping is proposed to terminate after a few steps because the head-head communication does not sufficiently control the timing to prevent both motor domains from entering the ADP-bound state simultaneously.
What can nonlinear dynamics teach us about the development of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation?

Cardiac rhythm is a complex phenomenon involving numerous feedback mechanisms and multiple interdependencies among several ionic currents and concentrations, together with the membrane potential. Classic cause-andeffect reasoning often is ineffective in determining such phenomena: it leads to circular reasoning when applied to feedback loops and to complicated and delicate assessment of net effect when multiple interdependencies are studied. In these situations, mathematics is a wonderfully appropriate tool. The branch of mathematics of relevance here, nonlinear dynamics, can handle both feedback loops and multiple interdependencies with comparative ease, while simultaneously yielding a complete description of underlying mechanisms. Of course, mathematical methods have their own limitations—the results can be difficult to translate into “English” and are only as good as the mathematical models to which they are applied. Effective use of mathematical methods and accompanying computational techniques requires a different mindset from that traditionally used in biologic and clinical settings. It is critical that the mathematical model chosen be appropriate to the question being answered. In many cases, this involves using a simplified model, even though a more
PREFERENTIAL RELOCATION OF THE N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR NR1 SUBUNIT IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS NEURONS THAT CONTAIN DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTORS IN RATS SHOWING AN APOMORPHINE-INDUCED SENSORIMOTOR GATING DEFICIT

Abstract Sensorimotor gating as measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) to startle-evoking auditory stimulation (AS) is disrupted in schizophrenia and in rodents receiving systemic administration of apomorphine, a dopamine D1/D2 receptor agonist, or MK-801, an N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. The functional analogies and our prior results showing apomorphine- and AS-induced relocation of the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) shell suggest that apomorphine and AS may affect the subcellular distribution of the NMDA receptor NR1 subunit, a protein that forms protein–protein interactions with the D1R. We quantitatively compared the electron microscopic immunogold labeling for NR1 in dendritic profiles distinguished with respect to presence of D1R immunoreactivity and location in the Acb shell or core of rats receiving a single s.c. injection of vehicle (VEH) or apomorphine (APO) alone, or combined with AS (VEH+AS, APO+AS). The rats in the APO+AS group were previously shown to have PPI deficits, whereas the rats in the VEH+AS group had normal PPI. A significantly higher percentage of plasmalemmal and a lower percentage of cytoplasmic NR1 immunogold particles were seen in D1R-labeled dendritic spines in the Acb shell of the APO+AS group compared with all other groups. D1R-containing small dendrites in the Acb shell of the APO+AS group also showed a significantly higher density of plasmalemmal and a lower density of cytoplasmic NR1 immunogold particles compared with VEH or APO groups. In the Acb core, the APO+AS group had significantly fewer dendritic spines co-expressing NR1 and D1R compared with VEH or VEH+AS groups. These results, together with our earlier findings, suggest that NMDA receptors are preferentially mobilized in D1R-containing Acb neurons of rats showing apomorphine-induced disruption of PPI in a paradigm using acoustic stimulation.
Temperature dependence of skin permeability to hydrophilic and hydrophobic solutes

A number of studies have reported on the activation energies of skin permeability. In this article, I summarize the literature data on activation energies and analyze their dependence on solute molecular properties, namely radius and lipophilicity. Theoretical equations are also presented to facilitate interpretation of the dependence of activation energy on molecular properties of the solute.
The [NeIV] Lines in High Excitation Gaseous Nebulae.

Abstract The „forbidden” lines of three times ionized neon are among the most precious indicators of electron temperature and excitation. They are also predicted to be among the strongest lines observed in the far ultraviolet spectra of high excitation nebulae.
A fixed prosthodontic technique for mandibular osseointegrated titanium implants

A detailed technique has been presented for the fabrication of a fixed prosthesis supported by osseointegrated titanium implants. The fixed prosthodontic technique is based on the original Swedish procedure. Several new dental products have been added, and some refinements in technique have been made in an effort to consistently produce a fixed prosthesis that fits, functions, and satisfies today's esthetically conscious patient. Branemark's tissue-integrated prosthesis (TIP, Bofors Nobelpharma, Inc.) is the only dental implant system with two decades of high-quality longitudinal clinical experience. A fixed prosthesis supported by osseointegrated implants offers a treatment modality that is predictably successful (Fig. 21).
The Fundamentalist Mindset: Psychological Perspectives on Religion, Violence, and History

Edited by Charles B. Strozier, David M. Terman, and James W. Jones, with Katharine A. Boyd. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. xxi + 274 pp. $99.00 hardcover, $19.95 paperback. The Fundamenta...
Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors in pediatric focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Conventional immunosuppressive therapy for primary pediatric focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is potentially toxic and only moderate evidence supports its effectiveness. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAAS) inhibition monotherapy is anecdotally used in selected patients as an alternative to conventional therapy. We performed a retrospective cohort study of children with primary FSGS seen at a tertiary care academic hospital between 1986 and 2008. We classified patients into two groups based upon initial treatment: RAAS inhibition monotherapy (RIM) and conventional therapy (CT). The primary endpoint was progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Secondary endpoints were remission of proteinuria, relapse, and death. The cohort consisted of 67 patients. Mean baseline urine protein/creatinine ratio (Up/c) was 8.0 (5.2, 10.7) mg/mg, and mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 115.0 (101.8, 128.1) mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients in the RIM group were more likely to have lower eGFR (100.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs 132.9 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.01) and less proteinuria (4.4 vs.14.4, p < 0.01). Renal failure occurred in 22.9% of the RIM group vs 40.6% in the CT group (log-rank p = 0.07). After adjustment for African–American race, time period of presentation, baseline age, eGFR, and Up/c, patients in the RIM group had a 0.11 hazard ratio of progressing to renal failure compared with patients in the CT group (p < 0.01). Children treated initially with RIM may have better outcomes than those treated with CT.
Use of boreal forested wetlands by Pacific loons (Gavia pacifica Lawrence) and horned grebes (Podiceps auritus L.): relations with limnological characteristics

Our objective was to determine if the occurrence and abundance of Pacific loons (Gavia pacifica Lawrence) and horned grebes (Podiceps auritus L.) on 123 wetlands of Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge in east central Alaska were related to the limnological characteristics of those wetlands. Aquatic bird-wetland use surveys were conducted in conjunction with limnological sampling from May through September 1985–87 and May through August 1989. Results from logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between the probability of wetland use by Pacific loons and shoreline length, water color, calcium and total phosphorus. Wetland use by horned grebes was related to shoreline length, pH, and chlorophyll. Aquatic bird abundance was then used as a Poisson response variable and modeled as a function of wetland limnological characteristics. Our results indicate that Pacific loon abundance was adequately modeled by linear and quadratic functions of shoreline length, color, pH, calcium and total phosphorus. Horned grebe abundance could not be modeled with this approach. The statistical techniques known collectively as generalized linear models provided a framework for the development of models for aquatic bird use of wetlands. Our results, however, indicate that while this approach shows promise, a better understanding of how to model aquatic bird abundance is needed. We then identify problems in model development and suggest avenues for future research.
Effects of a Skills-based Prevention Program on Bullying and Bully Victimization among Elementary School Children

We report results from a group-randomized trial of a prevention program aimed at preventing bullying and other aggressive behaviors. Fourth grade classrooms at 28 public elementary schools were assigned to receive selected modules of the Youth Matters prevention curriculum or to a no-treatment control condition. Cross-classified multilevel models were fitted to four waves of data collected over 2 years to test the effect of the intervention on self-reported bullying and bully victimization. No systematic change in bullying other students was observed. In a continuous outcome growth model, bully victim scale scores declined over the course of the study and the rate of decline in victimization was significantly higher in experimental schools relative to control schools. But the results from binary outcome growth models indicate no significant treatment effects on bully status or bully victim status over time. Implications of findings for the implementation of anti-bullying strategies in urban public school settings are discussed.
Restricted Rotation in Polar Gases near the Critical Point

David, Hamann and Pearse1, in a recent communication in Nature, attributed the onset in dielectric loss to a fairly sharp transition to restricted rotation in gaseous methyl fluoride at densities somewhat above the critical value. In a subsequent publication2, they claimed added support for this hypothesis by showing that the correlation parameter g of Kirkwood's theory3 of dielectric polarization increases markedly above unity, the value which it would attain in the absence of such restricted rotation. It is the purpose of this communication to point out that the behaviour of g found by David, Hamann and Pearse is the result of an inappropriate method of calculation, and that the dielectric loss observed can be interpreted without any assumption of a sharp transition to a state characterized by restricted rotation.
Polarization dependent excitonic optical nonlinearities in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells under anisotropic in-plane strain.

The photoinduced bleaching and blueshift of the lowest heavy-hole-like exciton in an anisotropically strained multiple quantum well exhibits a large enhancement for femtosecond light pulses polarized parallel to the axis of maximum compressive strain relative to those measured using orthogonally polarized light. These results imply that the strain-induced anisotropy in $k$ space leads to exciton-exciton interactions which possess a strong dependence on the orientation with respect to the strain axis, relative orientation, and spatial extent of the photogenerated excitonic dipoles.
Not Just Any T Cell Receptor Will Do

Although our structural understanding of T cell recognition has rapidly evolved due to recent crystallographic results, the reality is that detailed answers to many of the most fundamental questions still remain elusive. In this issue, high-resolution insight into the phenomenon of TCR chain bias takes down another brick from the wall.
Direct extraction of exchange splittings from magnetic x-ray dichroism in photoelectron spectroscopy

It will be demonstrated that core-level exchange splitting can be extracted directly from normalized difference curves in magnetic X-ray circular dichroism (MXCD) in angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). Although high resolution is a requirement for the method, this determination can be performed without resorting to time-consuming and difficult spectral simulations. For well-defined cases, it will be shown empirically that this method may also work for the analysis of magnetic X-ray linear dichroism (MXLD). Applying this approach, it will be possible to use MXCD and MXLD in PES for direct surface magnetometry with full elemental specificity.
SU‐E‐T‐568: Individualize the Treatment Plan with Anatomic Optimization for Lung Tumor Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy

Purpose: To demonstrate that an individualized anatomical optimized approach for each patient undergoing stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for lung cancer will Result in a superior dosimetric treatment plan. Methods: Eleven patients were received 4DCT with both natural and extreme tidal volume breathing. The original treatments were planned on either natural end exhale (NEE) or deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) CT image. For re‐plan, all structures were deformed from the planned CT image to the opposite CT image. The dose was recalculated to meet the physician constraints. The dosimetric impact of the anatomically optimized approach was evaluated and compared for both plans. Results: From the 11 patients that were analyzed in this study, 8 patients were planned and treated on DIBH, whereas 3 patients were planned and treated on NEE. Two patients treated on NEE had a lower maximum dose to the great vessels compared to the plan on DIBH. One patient treated on DIBH had a higher dose to the great vessels compared to the plan on NEE, indicating that this patient would be benefited from the treatment on NEE. The dose reduction is due to the increased separation between the target and the OAR from 1.61cm to 2.77cm in average. Conclusion: In summary, anatomic optimization favored NEE rather than DIBH in 27% of patients. This study demonstrates proof of principle that an individualized anatomically optimized approach is feasible and could lead to lower doses to nearby organs at risk. While the majority of patients are benefited from treatment on DIBH, our data suggests that in order to maximize the efficacy of the treatment and minimize the toxicity to the nearby tissue, the separation between target and OAR should be evaluated individually for each patient. Funded through departmental Master Reseacrh Agreement with Varian Medical Systems, Inc
Smaller frontal lobe white matter volumes in depressed adolescents.

Abstract Background Prior studies have demonstrated reduced frontal lobe volumes in depressed adolescents. In this study, frontal lobe gray and white matter volumes in adolescents with major depressive disorder were evaluated. Methods Nineteen depressed and thirty-eight healthy comparison adolescents were recruited for a magnetic resonance imaging study. Images were segmented into gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. Morphometric measurements of the whole brain and frontal lobe region were completed. Results Whole brain volumes were significantly smaller in depressed subjects compared with the healthy comparison subjects. Significantly smaller frontal white matter volumes and significantly larger frontal gray matter volumes were found in the depressed subjects, after controlling for age and whole brain volume. Conclusions These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a deficit in frontal volume exists during cortical development in adolescents with depression. Further studies are needed to assess whether volume differences resolve over time and the extent to which these differences influence response to treatment.
Angular-momentum transfer and alignment in deep-inelastic reactions for nearly symmetric heavy-ion systems

Abstract The magnitude and alignment of the spin transferred to the fragments in the deep-inelastic reactions of 8.5 MeV/nucleon 165Ho on 176Yb, 148Sm, and natAg were investigated using continuum γ-ray multiplicity and anisotropy techniques. The detection system consisted of a highly redundant arrangement of particle and γ-ray detectors and a γ-ray multiplicity filter. By using suitable reduced quantities, we show that for the most negative Q-values the multiplicity data are consistent with rigid-rotation of the intermediate dinuclear complex. The anisotropy data are compared to an equilibrium statistical model calculation. The sensitivity of the calculation to different assumptions concerning the composition of the γ-ray spectra is investigated. The magnitude and alignment of the spin imparted to the individual fragments as a function of Q-value are extracted for the three reactions.
Fracture surface topography analysis (FRASTA)—Development, accomplishments, and future applications

Abstract In the late 1970s, Dr. George Irwin suggested to his colleagues at the University of Maryland that valuable information about a fracture event was recorded in fracture surface topography. Under his urging, Takao Kobayashi, an associate professor at the time, began quantifying and interpreting topographical features. Over the subsequent 30 years the procedures for quantifying and interpreting fracture surface topography grew continuously into an established technology that allows a fracture event to be reconstructed in microscopic detail. FRASTA (fracture surface topography analysis) has now been applied to achieve solutions to a wide variety of failure problems. This paper chronicles the historical development of FRASTA, recounts several notable achievements, and presents the plan for further development and future applications.
Search techniques for a nonlinear multiprocessor scheduling problem

The problem of assigning computer program modules to functionally similar processors in a distributed computer network is investigated. The modules of a program must be assigned among processors in such a way as to minimize interprocessor communication while taking advantage of affinities of certain modules to particular processors. This problem is formulated as a zero-one quadratic programming problem, but is more conveniently modeled as a directed acyclic search graph. The model is developed and a backward shortest path labeling algorithm is given that produces an assignment of program modules to processors. A non-backtracking branch-and-bound algorithm is described that uses a local neighborhood search at each stage of the search graph.
An Applied Method of Instruction for Feedback Control Systems and Mechatronics to Undergraduate Engineering Students at the University of Central Florida

By using a hands-on method of instruction, as opposed to one solely based on theory, students are able to grasp information contained within a subject in an easier manner and retain it at a greater rate. Through the application of this premise it is possible to bridge the gap between educational theory and industrial application. The purpose of this research is to develop an applied method of instruction of both Feedback Control Systems and Mechatronics to undergraduate Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering students at the University of Central Florida (UCF). This will in-turn yield an enhanced union between the classroom and real world application.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Single-crystal elasticity of grossular- and almandine-rich garnets to 11 GPa by Brillouin scattering

[1] The high-pressure elasticity of grossular-rich Grs87And9Pyp2Alm2 and almandine-rich Alm72Pyp20Sps3Grs3And2 natural garnet single crystals were determined by Brillouin scattering to 11 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. The experiments were carried out using a 16:3:1 methanol-ethanol water mixture as pressure medium. The aggregate moduli as well as their pressure derivatives were obtained by fitting the data to Eulerian finite strain equations. The inversion yields KS0 = 165.0 ± 0.9 GPa, G0 = 104.2 ± 0.3 GPa, (∂KS/∂P)T0 = 3.8 ± 0.2, and (∂G/∂P)0 = 1.1 ± 0.1 for the grossular-rich composition and KS0 = 174.9 ± 1.6 GPa, G0 = 95.6 ± 0.5 GPa, (∂KS/∂P)T0 = 4.7 ± 0.3, and (∂G/∂P)0 = 1.4 ± 0.1 for the almandine-rich garnet. Both individual and aggregate elastic moduli of the two garnets define nearly linear modulus pressure trends. The elastic anisotropy of the garnets increases weakly in magnitude with compression. Isothermal compression curves derived from our results are generally consistent with static compression data under hydrostatic conditions, and the effects of nonhydrostaticity on previous diffraction data can be identified. The pressure derivatives obtained here are generally lower than those reported in high-pressure polycrystalline ultrasonic elasticity studies. In combination with earlier Brillouin scattering data for pyrope, our results allow us to constrain the effect on elastic moduli of Fe2+-Mg2+ substitution in pyrope-almandine, Ca2+-Mg2+ in pyrope-grossular, and Fe3+-Al3+ substitution in andradite-grossular at high pressures. This new data set thus allows us to place improved constraints on the compositional dependence of seismic velocities in the rocks of the upper mantle.