cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Midlatitude ocean-atmosphere interaction in an idealized coupled model

Interannual-to-interdecadal ocean–atmosphere interaction in midlatitudes is studied using an idealized coupled model consisting of eddy resolving two-layer quasi-geostrophic oceanic and atmospheric components with a simple diagnostic oceanic mixed layer. The model solutions exhibit structure and variability that resemble qualitatively some aspects of the observed climate variability over the North Atlantic. The atmospheric climatology is characterized by a zonally modulated jet. The single-basin ocean climatology consists of a midlatitude double jet that represents the Gulf Stream and Labrador currents, which are parts of the subtropical and subpolar gyres, respectively. The leading mode of the atmospheric low-frequency variability consists predominantly of meridional displacements of the zonal jet, with a local maximum over the ocean. The first basin-scale mode of sea-surface temperature has a red power spectrum, is largely of one polarity and bears qualitative similarities with the observed interdecadal mode identified by Kushnir. A warm sea-surface temperature anomaly is accompanied by anomalously low atmospheric pressure, an intensified model Gulf Stream and a weakened Labrador current. This mode is found not to be affected significantly by oceanic coupling. In the western part of the basin, this sea-surface temperature pattern is shown to be forced by the slowest components of the surface-wind anomaly through a delayed modulation of the baroclinic time-dependent boundary currents which advect mean SST, with synchronous variations in the two oceanic jets. The response in the east is found to be dominated by local atmospheric forcing. Basin-scale intrinsic oceanic variability consists of a damped oceanic oscillatory mode in the baroclinic flow field that is excited by the atmospheric noise. Its period is around 5.5 years, but it has a negligible influence on the evolution of sea-surface temperature. Important for this mode's excitation is the meridional position of the atmospheric center of action relative to the ocean gyres.
A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING PEANUT MATURITY

Over the years, peanut maturity estimations have been based largely on subjective measurements. This paper reports a 3-yr study of an objective method based on the tight transmittance measurement of a methanolic extract of freshly-dug peanut pods which is both rapid and simple in operation and adaptable for field use. Results in 1975, 1976 and 1977 showed that the light transmittance of the methanolic extract correlated with the age of peanuts and dollar return per acre. Data also indicated that solar radiation, particularly during the fist 75 days of growth, may affect peanut maturity.
Precision differential capacitor

Abstract A 4-electrode multi-port precision differential capacitor for testing the gravitational reference sensor (GRS) electronics of the ST7 spacecraft has been built and tested. The differential capacitor has a tunable and intentional mismatch of 2 aF out of ∼2 pF total nominal capacitance, and holds stable for time-periods on the order of hours. The capacitor has two electrodes representing a pair of nominally identical drive plates, one electrode representing the metallic proof-mass, and one electrode acting as a non-contact pickup. The required adjustability has been achieved by introducing two pairs of grounded micrometers located between the drive and the ‘proof-mass’ electrodes for making coarse and fine adjustments. The capacitance is changed by advancing or retracting the micrometer spindles in the electric flux path to alter the capacitive coupling of each arm. The change in capacitance by coarse adjustment is 30 fF for each arm of the capacitor. The fine adjustment has a range of 1 fF with a setting resolution of 2 aF per arm. This mechanism of changing the capacitance achieves the fine control, repeatability and stability required to test the ST7 electronics.
Morphologic aspects of experimental canine bronchial carcinogen exposure

Abstract Microscopic alterations of canine bronchial epithelium were studied during the course of recurrent localized carcinogen exposure. Varying sequences and administrations of benzo(a)pyrene and/or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea were applied to 5 groups of dogs. After a period of study ranging from 24 to 34 months, a relatively orderly progression of epithelial alterations was appreciated, regardless of the type of treatment, based upon monthly biopsies of the site of carcinogen administration. The initial lesion was that of hyperplasia of the columnar cells with occasional intra-epithelial gland formation. Basal cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia ensued and were frequently coexistent. Atypical epithelial maturation was noted in all dogs, especially in those whose biopsies exhibited squamous metaplasia. Control sites revealed no epithelial abnormalities. These studies define the evolution of apparently pre-neoplastic bronchial epithelial lesions and also establish the dog as an ideal experimental model for studying the sequence of events during induction of bronchial carcinomas.
Developmental gender differences on the Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test in a nationally normed sample of 5–17 year olds

Abstract Lynn [Lynn, R., 2002. Sex differences on the progressive matrices among 15–16 year olds: some data from South Africa. Personality and Individual Differences 33, 669–673.] proposed that biologically based developmental sex differences produce different IQ trajectories across childhood and adolescence. To test this theory we analyzed the Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test (NNA; [Naglieri, J. A., 1997. Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test-Multilevel Form. San Antonio: Harcourt Assessment Company.]) standardization sample of 79,780 children and adolescents in grades K-12, which was representative of the US census on several critical demographic variables. NNAT data were consistent with Lynn's developmental theory of gender differences insofar as (a) there were no gender differences between 6 and 9 years; (b) females scored slightly higher between 10 and 13 years; and (c) males were ahead of females between the ages of 15 and 16. However, the discrepancies between the genders were smaller than predicted by Lynn. In fact they were so small that they have little or no practical importance. In other words, the NNAT did not reveal meaningful gender differences at any stage between the ages of 6 and 17 years.
Duplication and Functional Specialization of the Telomere-capping Protein Cdc13 in Candida Species

Background: Cdc13 in Candida species is small and missing conserved domains. Results: A second Cdc13 homologue (Cdc13B) was shown to form heterodimers with Cdc13 and to mediate overlapping functions in telomere protection. Conclusion: Cdc13 has undergone duplication and functional specialization in a branch of Saccharomycotina yeast. Significance: Understanding the assembly and mechanisms of fungal CST complex provides insights on the evolution and function of this crucial telomere complex. The budding yeast G-tail binding complex CST (Cdc13-Stn1-Ten1) is crucial for both telomere protection and replication. Previous studies revealed a family of Cdc13 orthologues (Cdc13A) in Candida species that are unusually small but are nevertheless responsible for G-tail binding and the regulation of telomere lengths and structures. Here we report the identification and characterization of a second family of Cdc13-like proteins in the Candida clade, named Cdc13B. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment indicate that Cdc13B probably arose through gene duplication prior to Candida speciation. Like Cdc13A, Cdc13B appears to be essential. Deleting one copy each of the CDC13A and CDC13B genes caused a synergistic effect on aberrant telomere elongation and t-circle accumulation, suggesting that the two paralogues mediate overlapping and nonredundant functions in telomere regulation. Interestingly, Cdc13B utilizes its C-terminal OB-fold domain (OB4) to mediate self-association and binding to Cdc13A. Moreover, the stability of the heterodimer is evidently greater than that of either homodimer. Both the Cdc13 A/A homodimer and A/B heterodimer, but not the B/B homodimer, recognized the telomere G-tail repeat with high affinity and sequence specificity. Our results reveal novel evolutionary elaborations of the G-tail-binding protein in Saccharomycotina yeast, suggesting a drastic remodeling of CDC13 that entails gene duplication, fusion, and functional specialization. The repeated and independent duplication of G-tail-binding proteins such as Cdc13 and Pot1 hints at the evolutionary advantage of having multiple G-tail-binding proteins.
Reversible corneal epitheliopathy caused by vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in a vegan with a genetic mutation: a new disease

Reversible corneal epitheliopathy caused by vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in a vegan with a genetic mutation: a new disease
Unusual massive neurinoma in the suboccipital region--case report.

An 8-year-old boy with no evidence of von Recklinghausen’s disease presented with an unusual neurinoma manifesting as a gradually progressive swelling in the suboccipital region over 2 years. The lesion was massive and had widely eroded the posterior aspects of the atlas, axis, and suboccipital bone. The tumor had involved the dura of the sigmoid and transverse sinuses, was highly vascular, and had encased the ipsilateral vertebral artery. The tumor was almost completely resected although with considerable loss of blood through a large rent in the right sigmoid sinus. This unusual benign neurinoma most probably arose from the second cervical ganglion.
Abstract 257: PARP inhibitor induces cytotoxicity in primary lung cancer through caspase induction

Considering the fact that lung cancer has a high incidental rate among all cancer types, our investigation was aimed to see if PJ34, a PARP inhibitor, could independently exert cytotoxicity in primary lung cancer cells. In the past this PARP inhibitor has been used in combination with other DNA targeted chemotherapeutics or in patients with DNA repair defects (e.g. BRCA mutation), however, based on our published findings we hypothesize that PJ34 can target lung cancer using alternative mechanisms where defects in DNA repair or synthetic lethality are not required. Additionally, we wanted to reveal the specific mechanisms of PARP inhibitor mediated cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells. Anti-cancerous effects of PJ34 were evaluated on six non-small cell lung cancer cell lines developed from surgically resected tissue. Using WST-1 dye and BrdU assay, 30uM (ED 50 ) of PJ34 treatment showed a variable amount of cell survival and DNA synthesis among cultures used herein. Cellular morphological changes in response to the PJ34 treatment were investigated using annexin-V expression, nuclear fragmentation staining, and PARP specific protein in Western blot. Mitochondrial membrane potential changes were measured through JC-1 dye staining and indicated increased stress upon PJ34 treatment. The abundance of Caspase-9 further proves the role of mitochondrial stress in PJ34 treated cells. Immunofluorescent staining for Caspase-3 clearly showed changes towards apoptosis under PJ34 treated vs. untreated conditions. Additionally, a Caspase-3 specific protein band in PJ34 treated cells indicates the possibility of apoptosis through a caspase dependent pathway. Furthermore, lower expressions of PAR in PJ34 treated cells were indicative of PARP inhibition. This study has brought a new paradigm for using PJ34 as a potential therapeutic against lung cancer because of its ability to work regardless of a patient9s genetic makeup as well as the possibility of using this group of compounds as independent chemotherapeutic agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 257. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-257
Lenin's Imperialism: A Study In The Unity Of Theory And Practice

N O THEORETICAL CONTRIBUTIONS to revolutionary Marxism in the twentieth century have been more widely and noisily proclaimed than those of Lenin. High upon the list of those contributions is his celebrated theory of Imperialism. Yet, in days still vexed and plagued by Lenin's political legacy, that theory is too commonly either dismissed or misconstrued. This essay is an endeavor to suggest some measure of the significance of Lenin's concept of Imperialism, to elaborate and document its genesis and evolution, and to examine several of its most distinctive and important elements. The treatment falls most naturally into three parts. The first is a statement of Imperialism as a systematic doctrine-Imperialism as the highest stage of capitalism-and of the consequences that Lenin drew from his analysis of Imperialism. The second describes what appears to have been the actual genesis of Lenin's theory. The concluding section discusses the theoretical difficulties left unreconciled by Lenin's hasty doctrinal patchwork and the most vital pragmatic implications of Imperialism for the strategy of Communism. Imperialism, as a Marxist theory, is particularly intriguing because it is highly ambiguous in argument and synthetic in construction. It is neither a simple thesis about "the highest stage of capitalism," nor is it merely Marxism for the colonies and underdeveloped areas. At the same time, Lenin combined and confused both of these arguments, found new and better reasons for despising "opportunist" and anti-Bolshevik strains in international socialism, shored up the tottering structure of orthodox Marxism, and supplied a plausible theoretical framework for his evolving conception of strategy and tactics. In achieving this result, he involved himself in a series of theoretical difficulties. On the other hand, he did succeed in elaborating a doctrine that for practical purposes served Bolshevik strategy and tactics even more congenially than traditional Marxism. But Lenin's Imperialism also merits renewed consideration for
Reconfigurable Computing Cluster Project: Phase I Brief

This short paper aims to describe a number of recent developments and report some key performance results. One development is additional functionality added to the custom networking board that was not originally anticipated or reported. The two other developments include Spirit's programming model for computational scientists, and the performance of two compute accelerators (an FPU and e-x) that have been implemented.
Counseling Psychology in the Era of Genetic Testing Considerations for Practice, Research, and Training

The field of genetics and the process of testing for genetic disorders have advanced considerably over the past half century, ushering in significant improvements in certain areas of medical diagnosis and disease prediction. However, genetic discoveries are accompanied by many social, emotional, and psychological implications, and counseling psychologists may be uniquely equipped to help clients deal with these issues. The present overview is intended to raise awareness of the multidimensional issues inherent in situations where clients seek genetic testing to diagnose or predict various medical conditions. Initially, the author presents a framework to help counseling psychologists identify and organize information within a genetic-testing context, followed by suggestions for addressing the various psychological, social, and multicultural issues potentially affecting client decision making, mental health, and behavior. Finally, the author raises considerations for training, continuing education, and profe...
Brief Experimental Analysis of Written Letter Formation: Single-Case Demonstration.

Many students experience difficulty in acquiring basic writing skills and educators need to efficiently address those deficits by implementing an intervention with a high likelihood for success. The current article demonstrates the utility of using a brief experimental analysis (BEA) to identify a letter-formation intervention for a second-grade student with handwriting difficulties. The results suggested that the BEA led to differentiated results for letter formation interventions, and the identified intervention was implemented for 8 weeks with moderate effectiveness. Suggestions for future research are included.
Layout-driven hot-carrier degradation minimization using logic restructuring techniques

The rapid advances in semiconductor manufacturing technology have created tough reliability problems. Failure mechanisms such as hot-carrier effect, dielectric breakdown, electrostatic discharge and electromigration have posed tremendous threats to the long-term reliability of VLSI circuits. As a result, designers not only need analysis tools to locate the problem, but also design-for-reliability tools to correct it. However, these problems often surface when the physical layout is done and relatively few logic changes can be made. In this paper, we target the performance optimization issues in the context of hot-carrier induced degradation. A layout driven approach combining rewiring, discrete gate resizing, and pin reordering is proposed. Experimental results show that rewiring-based incremental logic restructuring is a very powerful technique in post-layout design for reliability.
Improving receiver station-keeping in aerial refueling by formulating tanker motion as disturbance

During aerial refueling operations, the receiver aircraft should hold position within a "refueling box" to maintain the boom-receptacle connection while the tanker aircraft ies in a racetrack maneuver. Prior research work shows, especially in turns, signicant diculty resides in meeting y-deviation requirements, i.e., to stay within the box in the lateral direction. This observation indicates tanker motion as "the biggest disturbance" in turn. The nonlinear equations of motion for receiver aircraft used in this work are developed in terms of position and orientation states relative to the tanker. Linearization results in a set of equations with tanker motion clearly quantied as disturbance. The linearized state-space equation has an additional term with a disturbance matrix representing how tanker motion aects the relative motion. In this paper, a disturbance rejection method, based on these linearized equations, is employed to develop a new control law to reduce the eect of the tanker turning maneuver on the station-keeping performance of the receiver. This would lead to proactive (feed-forward) control action in addition to reactive (feedback) control. Practical implementation of this approach will require the communication of tanker states (velocity, attitude, angular rates, etc.) to the receiver controller.
Unsupervised query segmentation using clickthrough for information retrieval

Query segmentation is an important task toward understanding queries accurately, which is essential for improving search results. Existing segmentation models either use labeled data to predict the segmentation boundaries, for which the training data is expensive to collect, or employ unsupervised strategy based on a large text corpus, which might be inaccurate because of the lack of relevant information. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic model to exploit clickthrough data for query segmentation, where the model parameters are estimated via an efficient EM algorithm. We further study how to properly interpret the segmentation results and utilize them to improve retrieval accuracy. Specifically, we propose an integrated language model based on the standard bigram language model to exploit the probabilistic structure obtained through query segmentation. Experiment results on two datasets show that our segmentation model outperforms existing segmentation models. Furthermore, extensive experiments on a large retrieval dataset reveals that the results of query segmentation can be leveraged to improve retrieval relevance by using the proposed integrated language model.
Raising the roof in the transnational Andes: building houses, forging kinship

Transnational migration transforms houses, the rituals surrounding them, and the people who live in those houses and use them to understand aspects of their social and ethnic identities. I focus on the Andean house-roofing ritual known as the zafacasa to demonstrate the centrality of the house as a mediator for personal relationships, and the importance of such rituals for reconstituting social bonds both in spite of and because of distance. The article goes on to argue that research on consumption should be complemented by a kinship framework in order fully to represent the local meanings of expenditures. Resume La migration transnationale transforme les maisons, les rituels qui les entourent et les gens qui les habitent et les utilisent pour saisir certains aspects de leur identite sociale et ethnique. L’auteur s’interesse au rituel de pose de toit andin connu sous le nom de zafacasa pour demontrer le role central de la maison en tant que mediateur de relations personnelles et l’importance de ces rituels pour la reconstitution de liens sociaux malgre, et a cause de, la distance. L’article avance qu’il serait utile d’ajouter aux recherches sur la consommation un cadre concernant la parente, afin d’apprehender de facon plus complete la signification locale des depenses.
Primary hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemic crisis and subsequent seizures occurring during pregnancy: a case report

A first-trimester primigravid patient presented with hyperemesis and malaise. Work-up was consistent with primary hyperparathryoidism. During acute treatment, she developed generalized motor seizures considered to be secondary to hypercalcemia. Evaluation and treatment of women with primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia are reviewed, and the pathogenesis of seizures associated with hypercalcemia is discussed.
Induction of endogenous insulin-like growth factor-I secretion alters the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function in growth hormone-deficient adult dwarf mice.

To evaluate the influence of growth hormone (GH) on hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function, GH-deficient adult male Ames dwarf mice were treated (s.c.) twice daily for 8 days with either vehicle or bovine GH (25 tlg/injection/mouse). Normal male siblings treated with vehicle served as controls. Two in vivo experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, on Day 8, mice were treated (i.p.) with either saline or LHRH (1 ng/g b.w.) in saline. Fifteen minutes later, blood was obtained via heart puncture to assess plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), LH, and testosterone (T) levels by RIAs. In experiment 2, on Day 7, mice were bilaterally castrated and received injections of either oil or T propionate (1 utg/g b.w.) in oil. Eighteen to twenty hours later, blood was obtained as in experiment 1, and plasma IGF-I and LH levels were determined. In addition to these in vivo experiments, testicular androstenedione and T responses to hCG stimulation in vitro were evaluated. Administration of GH to dwarf mice increased (p < 0.001) plasma IGF-I levels, whereas IGF-I was not detectable in control dwarf mice. Plasma IGFI concentrations were higher in normal mice than in treated dwarf mice. Basal LH levels were lower (p < 0.025) in dwarf mice than those in normal mice. In dwarf mice, GH treatment increased (p < 0.001) plasma LH levels. The effect of LHRH on LH secretion was increased (p < 0.001) in dwarf mice pretreated with GH, but this LH response was lower than in normal siblings that received vehicle only. The castration-induced increase in plasma LH levels was attenuated (p < 0.05) in GH-deficient mice. However, GH treatment to these mice resulted in an increase (p < 0.001) in plasma LH levels. The suppressive effect of T propionate was attenuated (p < 0.001) in dwarf mice previously treated with GH. Although basal plasma T levels were similar in both normal and dwarf mice, plasma T response to the increase in plasma LH levels by LHRH treatment was decreased (p < 0.001) in vehicle-treated dwarf mice. Plasma T levels were similar in dwarf mice treated with GH and in vehicle-treated normal mice. Pretreatment of dwarf mice with GH resulted in increased production of androstenedione and T by the isolated testis treated with hCG. However, this response was higher (p < 0.001) in incubations containing testis obtained from normal mice. These results indicate that the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function is impaired in dwarf mice with hereditary GH deficiency and that induction of IGF-I secretion by GH treatment partially corrects these abnormalities. Therefore, it is conceivable that the derangement of neuroendocrine-testicular function in GH-deficient mice is due to lack of IGF-I secretion. Since these dwarf mice are also prolactin-deficient and exhibit hypothyroid symptoms, it is possible that GH, prolactin, and thyroid hormones may be required to establish normal hypothalamic, pituitary, and testicular functions in adult Ames dwarf mice.
FACTORS AFFECTING SEDIMENT OXYGEN DEMAND DYNAMICS IN BLACKWATER STREAMS OF GEORGIA'S COASTAL PLAIN

Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) is believed to be an important process affecting dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in blackwater streams of the southeastern coastal plain. Because very few data on SOD are available, it is common for modelers to take SOD values from the literature for use with DO models. In this study, SOD was measured in seven blackwater streams of the Suwannee River Basin within the Georgia coastal plain for between August 2004 and April 2005. SOD was measured using four in situ chambers and was found to vary on average between 0.1 and 2.3 g O2 ⁄m ⁄day across the seven study sites throughout the study period. SOD was found to vary significantly between the watersheds within the Suwannee River Basin. However, land use was not found to be the driving force behind SOD values. Statistical analyses did find significant interaction between land use and watersheds suggesting that an intrinsically different factor in each of the watersheds may be affecting SOD and the low DO concentrations. Further research is needed to identify the factors driving SOD dynamics in the blackwater streams of Georgia's coastal plain. Results from this study will be used by the Geor- gia Department of Natural Resources - Environmental Protection Division as model input data for the develop- ment and evaluation of DO total maximum daily loads in the Georgia coastal plain. (KEY TERMS: sediment oxygen demand; dissolved oxygen; coastal plain; Georgia; blackwater streams; watersheds; water quality.)
Acoustic and mechanical properties of artificial stones in comparison to natural kidney stones.

Purpose: Standardized and reproducible artificial kidney stone models are important for performing comparative studies of different lithotripsy modalities. The acoustic and mechanical properties of renal calculi dictate the manner by which stones interact with the mechanical stresses produced by shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) or intracorporeal lithotripsy modalities. We have developed a novel artificial kidney stone model that is made of natural substances found in real kidney stones. These stone models appear to be much closer in physical properties to natural kidney stones than previously used stone models.Materials and Methods: The acoustic and mechanical properties of six groups of artificial stone models were compared to corresponding natural stones of similar compositions. Moreover, three groups of artificial stone models made of plaster-of-Paris were compared to their natural counterparts. In terms of acoustic properties, stone density was measured using a pycnometer based on Archimedes’ principle, w...
Seasonal exchange of CO2 and δ18O‐CO2 varies with postfire succession in boreal forest ecosystems

of CO2 and d 18 O-CO2 fluxes. We measured net CO2 fluxes in a 3-year burn scar, a 15-year trembling aspen stand, and an 80-year black spruce stand in interior Alaska using eddy covariance. By combining measurements of the oxygen isotopic composition of ecosystem water pools at each stand with measured CO2 fluxes, we predicted halfhourly d 18 O-CO2 fluxes and used a one-box atmosphere model to make relative comparisons of the effect of stand age on the shape and amplitude of the seasonal cycle of CO2 and d 18 O-CO2. A shorter growing season and higher rates of net ecosystem uptake during midsummer at the 15-year stand resulted in a larger seasonal CO2 amplitude and a delay in the drawdown of atmospheric CO2 as compared with the 80-year stand. Reduced levels of gross primary production isoforcing from the 15-year stand during spring and early summer caused atmospheric d 18 O-CO2 to increase more gradually between April and June as compared with fluxes from the 80-year stand. Our analysis suggests that increased boreal forest disturbance would delay the phase of CO2 drawdown at high northern latitudes, but would advance the phase of d 18 O-CO2 drawdown.
Two-dimensional model of phase segregation in liquid binary mixtures.

The hydrodynamic effects on the late stage kinetics of phase separation in liquid mixtures is studied using the model H. Mass and momentum transport are coupled via a nonequilibrium body force, which is proportional to the Peclet number $\ensuremath{\alpha},$ i.e., the ratio between convective and diffusive molar fluxes. Numerical simulations based on this theoretical model show that phase separation in low viscosity, liquid binary mixtures is mostly driven by convection, thereby explaining the experimental findings that the process is fast, with the typical size of single-phase domains increasing linearly with time. However, as soon as sharp interfaces form, the linear growth regime reaches an end, and the process appears to be driven by diffusion, although the condition of local equilibrium is not reached. During this stage, the typical size of the nucleating drops increases like ${t}^{n},$ where $\frac{1}{3}lnl\frac{1}{2},$ depending on the value of the Peclet number. As the Peclet number increases, the transition between convection- and diffusion-driven regimes occurs at larger times, and therefore for larger sizes of the nucleating drops.
Fetal constrictive pericardial defect with pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis.

Pericardial defect is a rare anomaly that has a variable presentation. Prompt recognition and early surgical intervention are associated with a favorable outcome. The authors present an unusual case of unexpected fetal demise in a 31-week-gestational-age girl who had a large pericardial defect forming a constrictive ring around both ventricular chambers. The defect coexisted with pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis, an association that has not been reported in cases of pericardial defect.
Simultaneous measurement of one- and two-photon excited fluorescence from a single sample: a detection method for oligonucleotides

A new method has been developed that is based on the use of a single-excitation wavelength from a cw laser to excite simultaneously one-photon and two-photon fluorescence (TPF). Fluorescence bands of a sample containing two oligonucleotides, one labeled with a one-photon fluorescence dye and the other with a TPF dye, can be measured simultaneously. The two fluorescence bands are well separated, because the one-photon excited fluorescence band is redshifted, whereas the TPF band is blueshifted from the excitation wavelength. The spectral separation was found to be as large as 200 nm when ADS 840NCS was used to label one oligonucleotide for one-photon fluorescence and Rhodamine Red-X dye was used for TPF. Spectral overlapping problem that plagues current DNA sequencing techniques can be eliminated effectively with this method.
A new global shape prior for level set based segmentation

The global shape prior knowledge has been exploited by many image segmentation approaches in order to improve segmentation results when there are such problems as occlusion, cluttering, low contrast edges, etc. We propose a global shape prior representation and incorporate it into a level set based segmentation framework. This global shape prior can effectively help remove the cluttered elongate structures and island-like artifacts in the segmentation. We experimentally compare the performance of our global shape prior with an extensively used global shape prior introduced in [3]. The experimental results show that our global shape prior averagely achieves 15% higher precision rates with comparable recall rates, which demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed shape prior.
On Secrecy Capacity Scaling in Wireless Networks

This paper studies the achievable secure rate per source-destination pair in wireless networks. First, a path loss model is considered, where the legitimate and eavesdropper nodes are assumed to be placed according to Poisson point processes with intensities λ and λe, respectively. It is shown that, as long as λe/λ = o((logn)-2), almost all of the nodes achieve a perfectly secure rate of Ω(1/√n) for the extended and dense network models. Therefore, under these assumptions, securing the network does not entail a loss in the per-node throughput. The achievability argument is based on a novel multihop forwarding scheme where randomization is added in every hop to ensure maximal ambiguity at the eavesdropper(s). Second, an ergodic fading model with n source-destination pairs and ne eavesdroppers is considered. Employing the ergodic interference alignment scheme with an appropriate secrecy precoding, each user is shown to achieve a constant positive secret rate for sufficiently large n. Remarkably, the scheme does not require eavesdropper CSI (only the statistical knowledge is assumed) and the secure throughput per node increases as we add more legitimate users to the network in this setting. Finally, the effect of eavesdropper collusion on the performance of the proposed schemes is characterized.
Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) Induces Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression in the Endothelial Cells of Forming Capillaries: An Autocrine Mechanism Contributing to Angiogenesis

FGF-2 and VEGF are potent angiogenesis inducers in vivo and in vitro. Here we show that FGF-2 induces VEGF expression in vascular endothelial cells through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Addition of recombinant FGF-2 to cultured endothelial cells or upregulation of endogenous FGF-2 results in increased VEGF expression. Neutralizing monoclonal antibody to VEGF inhibits FGF-2-induced endothelial cell proliferation. Endogenous 18-kD FGF-2 production upregulates VEGF expression through extracellular interaction with cell membrane receptors; high-Mr FGF-2 (22-24-kD) acts via intracellular mechanism(s). During angiogenesis induced by FGF-2 in the mouse cornea, the endothelial cells of forming capillaries express VEGF mRNA and protein. Systemic administration of neutralizing VEGF antibody dramatically reduces FGF-2-induced angiogenesis. Because occasional fibroblasts or other cell types present in the corneal stroma show no significant expression of VEGF mRNA, these findings demonstrate that endothelial cell-derived VEGF is an important autocrine mediator of FGF-2-induced angiogenesis. Thus, angiogenesis in vivo can be modulated by a novel mechanism that involves the autocrine action of vascular endothelial cell-derived FGF-2 and VEGF.
miR in melanoma development: miRNAs and acquired hallmarks of cancer in melanoma

Melanoma is a very aggressive skin cancer with increasing incidence worldwide. MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression of targeted gene(s). The hallmark of cancer model outlined by Hanahan and Weinberg offers a meaningful framework to consider the roles of microRNAs in melanoma development and progression. In this systematic review of the literature, we associate what is known about deregulation of microRNAs and their targeted genes in melanoma development with the hallmarks and characteristics of cancer. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microRNAs for future melanoma management will also be discussed.
Incidental melanomas detected in veterans referred to dermatology

Background Early detection of melanoma is integral to preventing morbidity and mortality. Objective We sought to characterize and compare incidental versus consult melanomas detected in veterans referred to the Minneapolis, MN, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center dermatology clinic. Methods We retrospectively reviewed charts of all dermatology consults between January 2004 and March 2012. Results Of the 28,405 consults sent during the study period, 17,174 met inclusion criteria. There were 231 melanomas identified in 221 patients. In all, 144 melanomas were identified on the consult and 87 melanomas were discovered incidentally. The incidental melanoma detection rate was 0.5% (84/17,174). Consult melanomas were more likely to be invasive than incidental melanomas (relative risk 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.23-1.86, P P = .0036). Incidental melanomas were smaller than consult melanomas (mean diameter 0.98 vs 1.3 cm, respectively) and thinner (mean Breslow depth 0.64 vs 1.74 mm). Consult melanomas were more likely to be detected on the head/neck (relative risk 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.52, P = .0295). Limitations Nondiverse patient population is a limitation. Conclusion Melanomas detected during an in-person skin examination by a dermatologist were more likely to be detected at an earlier stage of disease.
Gravity Wave Generation by a Three-Dimensional Thermal Forcing.

Abstract Thermal forcing is one of the mechanisms of wave generation in convection. Although it does not account for all the wave generation mechanisms, thermal forcing is a good proxy for estimating the gravity wave spectrum forced by convection. This work presents a linear theory of gravity wave generation by a three-dimensional thermal forcing assuming constant mean wind conditions in the forcing region. Relationships are derived linking the amplitude and spectral characteristics of the generated gravity waves to the properties of the thermal forcing. It is shown that the three-dimensional problem can be viewed as a multiple two-dimensional problem by means of a squire transformation and that the gravity wave properties in a given azimuthal direction depend on the projection of the heating and environmental mean wind in that direction. Shown in detail is the sensitivity of the gravity wave characteristics in three dimensions to varying heating parameters, and it is concluded that the knowledge of both ...
Regulation of NO-elicited pulmonary artery relaxation and guanylate cyclase activation by NADH oxidase and SOD.

We have previously reported that inhibition of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) in endothelium-removed bovine pulmonary arteries (BPA) attenuates nitrovasodilator-elicited relaxation and that a NAD...
ADVANCE CARE DIRECTIVES FOR PERSONS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS

The movement toward patient-centred care has fueled considerable interest in Psychiatric Advance Directives (PADs), analogous to medical advance directives and health care proxies, as a possible remedy for loss of patient autonomy in mental healthcare decisions, patient alienation from the treatment process, and associated poor clinical outcomes. Based on the hope for these benefits, 25 US legislatures have adopted PAD statutes and are encouraging the appointment of healthcare proxies, through durable power of attorney, for persons with mental illness. PADs may include three types of anticipatory decision-making: (1) informed consent to future treatment; (2) a forecast of personal values; (3) and the entrusting of someone to act as a proxy decision maker. The role of a healthcare agent (HCA), or proxy decision maker, is to help ensure that the patient9s previously expressed wishes are fulfilled; to further interpret what treatment the patient would wish to receive (or not receive); or to act in the patient9s best interest and protect the patient9s welfare. A recently conducted study in five US communities found that patients have great interest in PADs and supports the idea that people with mental illnesses should write down the type of treatment they would like to receive if they become very ill at some point in the future; 70–83% across sites wished a PAD, but only 4–13% had any form of PAD. In this presentation we will discuss current interest in, barriers to implementing and efforts underway to foster large scale use of PADs. Testimonial The APCEL conference is an important venue for dissemination of critical information and emerging research on advance care planning. A focus on advance care planning for persons with mental illness will place psychiatric advance directives in the broader context of other types of mechanisms to foster patient-centred healthcare.
Bis-Aliphatic Hydrazone-Linked Hydrogels Form Most Rapidly at Physiological pH: Identifying the Origin of Hydrogel Properties with Small Molecule Kinetic Studies

Rheological and small molecule kinetic studies were performed to study the formation and hydrolysis of the bis-aliphatic hydrazone bond. The rate of gelation was found to correspond closely with the rate of bond formation and the rate of gel relaxation with the rate of hydrolysis, indicating that small molecule kinetic studies can play an important role in material design. Furthermore, unlike aryl or acyl hydrazone bonds, the bis-aliphatic hydrazone bond forms rapidly under physiological conditions without requiring aniline catalysis yet maintains a pH-dependent rate of hydrolysis. These results suggest the bis-aliphatic hydrazone bond should find use alongside existing bioorthogonal click chemistries for bioconjugation, biomaterial synthesis, and controlled release applications.
Principled Separation: Liberal Governance and Religious Free Exercise

ject of much interpretation and reinterpretation in recent history, and the Supreme Court's historically separationist approach has come under fire. This essay attempts to articulate and cfefend three princi ples which support the separationist position. These principles advance a kind of separationism defined as strong separation since the princi ples here proffered allow for the state to provide some funds, tax breaks, ana favors to religious organizations under certain conditions. As such, strong separation is distinct from strict separation, since the latter is a doctrine which requires a complete disjunction between church and state. Part I of the essay provides an analysis of the Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses and examines some of their more notable and interesting interpretations. Part II argues that the First Amendment yields three principles for adjudicating on matters con cerning church and state, and it discusses the ways in which these prin ciples fit within the larger context of liberalism more generally. Part III consists of a definition and discussion of religion in modern democra cies; it distinguishes between religion and morality, suggesting both that liberal moral doctrines are distinct from religious doctrines and that these liberal doctrines provide an adequate basis to secure reli
Hemodialysis catheter-associated superior vena cava syndrome and pulmonary embolism: a case report and review of the literature

Hemodialysis (HD) catheters are frequently inserted into the superior vena cava (SVC), and can lead to thrombotic complications. However, to our knowledge, HD catheter-related thrombosis leading to subsequent SVC syndrome, bacteremia, and pulmonary emboli has not been described. A 28-year-old dialysis-dependent woman with IgA nephropathy developed facial swelling, head pressure, headache, nausea, dizziness and fever 6 weeks after right internal jugular (IJ) HD catheter placement. Chest and neck imaging demonstrated a non-occlusive thrombus surrounding the HD catheter and extending from the SVC to the junction of the right IJ and right subclavian veins, confirming thrombosis-associated SVC syndrome. Intravenous (IV) anticoagulation was initiated, as well as IV vancomycin for Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia. Despite prompt intravenous anticoagulation, 9 and 12 days after initial presentation she developed catheter-associated pulmonary embolism (PE) and PE-associated pulmonary infarction, respectively. Hypercoagulable workup was negative. The HD catheter was eventually replaced, HD resumed, and the patient was transitioned from intravenous to oral anticoagulation and discharged. Nine months later, she underwent successful renal transplantation. SVC syndrome and pulmonary embolism are potential consequences of HD catheter-related thrombosis. Given the frequency of HD catheter placement, physicians should be aware of these potential complications in any patient with HD catheter-related thrombosis.
An Improved Retransmission Policy for RTX-CWND

As a representative of retransmission policies for end-to-end Concurrent Multipath Transfer( CMT) using transport layer multihoming,the retransmission policy of RTX_CWND,which use the path with maximum CWND to retransmission data,can reduce receive buffer blocking and alleviate some of throughput degradation occurred by receive buffer blocking.However,RTXCWND ignores the influence of RTT for retransmission path selection and receive buffer blocking.An improved retransmission policy named RTX-RTTCWND is presented,which take into account both path characteristic such as RTT and CWND to select the best retransmission path and to further alleviate throughput degradation by reducing receive buffer blocking.The simulation reveals that the improved retransmission policy outperforms traditional retransmission policy such as RTX-CWND in aspects of TSN data block at receiver,transfer time and throughput of end-to-end.
Classification Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Decision for Incomplete Data

The incomplete data usually exist in traditional Chinese medicine field.The incompleteness of data degrades the learning quality of classification models.Most previous methods dealing with incomplete data only focus on handling incomplete data in the learning phase.For the incomplete data appearing in the classification phase,most of the current approaches cannot work or perform badly.In this paper a novel classifier is proposed to solve the incomplete data classification problem.First of all,a new decision tree for incomplete data is proposed.And then,in contrast to the conventional Boosting algorithm which uses a deterministic decision method during the iterations without considering the incomplete data in the data set sufficiently,we propose a new Boosting algorithm using fuzzy decisions for every hypothesis at the iterations of the Boosting scheme.It selects the data events from a dataset,the weight update mechanism increases the weights of incorrectly classified examples and decreases the weights of those correctly classified examples.The result is aweighted majority vote of the multiple hypotheses.Finally,the experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed strategies for solving incomplete data problem.
Gauging the Effect of Honey Bee Pollen Collection on Native Bee Communities

Experimental demonstration of direct exploitative competition between foraging honey bees and native bees in wildlands has proven elusive, due to problems of experimental design, scale, and context-dependence. We propose a different approach that translates floral resources collected by a honey bee colony into progeny equivalents of an average solitary bee. Such a metric is needed by public land managers confronting migratory beekeeper demands for insecticide-free, convenient, resource-rich habitats for summering. We calculate that, from June–August, a strong colony gathers as much pollen as could produce 100,000 progeny of an average solitary bee. Analogous to the animal unit month (AUM) for livestock, a hive unit month (HUM) is therefore 33,000 native bee progeny. By this calculation, a 40-hive apiary residing on wildlands for 3 months collects the pollen equivalent of four million wild bees. We introduce a rapid assessment metric to gauge stocking of honey bees, and briefly highlight alternative strategies to provide quality pasture for honey bees with minimal impact on native bees.