cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inside The Classroom (and Out): How We Learn Through Folklore

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2005 Pages: 328 Publisher: University of North Texas Press ISBN: 1-57441-202-7 (hard cover). Prices: $29.95 USD(hard cover).
Epidural anaesthesia with chloroprocaine

Summary A case report of continuous lumbar epidural anaesthesia with chloroprocaine is described in which delayed onset, extensive and delayed spread, and prolonged duration were observed. Although placement of neither the needle nor the catheter was confirmed radiographically, the anaesthetic course may be consistent with extra-arachnoid subdural injection of the local anaesthetic solution. Other reported cases, with similar features and which may be explained in the same way, are also discussed.
Creating Identity and Community: Latino Gay and Bisexual Men's Motives for Participation in the AIDS Movement

Motives are situated vocabularies providing insight into the social context and identities of activists and volunteers. In this paper, we examine motives for participation in the AIDS movement. We focus on an understudied group of volunteers and activists (N = 75) in the USA, Latino gay and bisexual men. Participants elaborated on 11 motives: values, helping others, reciprocity, understanding, personal development, career enhancement, community concern, social change, esteem enhancement, personal experience, and social networking. Across almost all categories of motives, activists spoke of working for, and meeting, other Latinos and other Latino gay and bisexual males, and about fighting what they consider oppressing forces. Motives were articulated within the context of a collective identity. Participants' descriptions highlight the process by which they create and reproduce identity and community through their involvement and as they articulate their motives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated recognition of solar flares in real-time data

Summary form only given. The focus of the automatic solar flare detection is on the development of efficient feature-based classifiers. The three principal techniques used in this work are multi-layer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF), and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. We have experimented and compared these three methods for solar flare detection on the solar H/spl alpha/ (hydrogen-alpha) images obtained from the Big Bear Solar Observatory in California. The preprocessing step is to obtain the nine principal features of the solar flares for the classifiers. Experimental results show that by using SVM, we can obtain the best classification rate of the solar flares. Measurement of the evolution properties of solar flares through their complete cyclic development is also crucial in the studies of solar physics. From the analysis of solar images, we apply image segmentation techniques to compute the properties of solar flares. We also present our solution for automatically tracking the apparent separation motion of two-ribbon flares and measuring their moving direction and speed. We believe our work leads to real-time solar flare detection and characterization.
Annual summary of vital statistics -- 1990.

Infant mortality declined more rapidly between 1989 and 1990 than in any year since 1977; the provisional 1990 rate, 9.1 per 1000 live births, was the lowest ever recorded. Absence of final 1989 data prevents updating sex and race differences, but in 1988 data the rate for black persons was more than twice for white. Most of the decline in 1990 was in the neonatal period with a substantial drop in perinatal categories involving respiration. Surfactant therapy earned deserved kudos for much of the decrease, but more attention is needed to the more cost-effective potential of preventive measures. Births increased in number and rate; there were more women in the childbearing years and they had higher fertility rates. Marriages and divorces both increased slightly. Deaths increased but the death rate decreased; the estimated age-adjusted death rate was the lowest ever. Excess of births over deaths added more than 2 million persons to the US population. Worldwide, 22 countries with more than 2,500,000 population had 1989 infant mortality rates less than 10, led by Japan at 4.4; the US, at 9.7, was 21st on the list. An additional 7 countries had rates less than 15 per 1000 live births.
A Scalable Hardware Architecture to Support Applications of the HAIPE 3.1 Standard

Developers are actively pursuing embedments of the new HAIPE 3.1 standard for secure IP communications. Depending on underlying channel capacities or other aspects of individual applications, different levels of performance may be required. The challenge is to provide a hardware platform that provides the required level of computational support, but optimized with respect to cost, size, weight, etc. This paper will present an overview of these challenges and will describe an innovative, scalable hardware architecture that addresses them. Performance data was gathered for a series of architecture configuration experiments. Performance data is presented along with discussion and recommendations for future work.
The Prerequisites to Augmentative Communication

Most assessment and curriculum materials for handicapped children have been developed on the assumptions that speech will be the primary mode of communication and that the development of motor skills will parallel development in other areas. Neither of these assumptions is valid for the nonvocal, physically handicapped child. The therapist of interventionist, therefore, has few guidelines for preparing such a child to communicate. Based on a knowledge of the normal development of prelanguage communication skills, as well as experience with communication development in nonvocal children, the Augmentative Communication Team at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill developed a list of prerequisite skills for use of aided communication systems. These prerequisites not only serve as indicators of “readiness” for an augmentative communication system but can also serve as a guide for preparing a child to use an aided augmentative communication system. This paper describes each of the prerequisites in d...
Examination of hospital referral practices for CT pulmonary angiography

Guidelines for the evaluation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) include a history and physical examination in conjunction with computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA), Doppler ultrasonography, and D-dimer measurements. We performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate the diagnostic yield of CTPA at our facility. Patients between the ages of 18 and100 with a CTPA completed through the emergency department and/or any inpatient service over a 6-month period were reviewed and a retrospective Simplified Wells Score was calculated. Three hundred and three patients underwent CTPA for acute VTE. A Simplified Wells Score was calculated for 279 subjects, with a mean score of 1.6 ± 1.6. Twenty CTPA procedures demonstrated VTE, a positive rate of 7.2%, which was lower than expected. This result likely reflects lack of adherence to a clinical algorithm for assessment of VTE and an overly cautious approach to symptom evaluation. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:253–257. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Evaluation of the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system in a large cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.

Background & Aims Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) convey important aspects of health status, complementing physician-reported measures. The PRO Measurement Information System (PROMIS) provides valid, widely available measures applicable to patients with chronic illness and the general population. We sought to evaluate these measures in a large cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods By using data from the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation Association Partners internet cohort, we performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses to evaluate associations between PROMIS measures and validated disease activity indices (Short Crohn's Disease Activity Index and Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index) and the Short IBD Questionnaire quality-of-life instrument. Results A total of 10,634 individuals (6689 with Crohn's disease and 3945 with ulcerative colitis or indeterminate colitis) completed PRO testing. Compared with the general population (mean PROMIS score, 50), IBD patients in this cohort reported more depression (mean, 54), anxiety (mean, 52), fatigue (mean, 56), sleep disturbance (mean, 52), and pain interference (mean, 53); and they had less social satisfaction (mean, 48). In each PROMIS domain, there was worse functioning with increasing levels of disease activity and worsening Short IBD Questionnaire scores ( P P Conclusions In a cross-sectional and longitudinal study, we observed differences between patients with IBD and the general population in several important aspects of health. The improvement in diverse health outcome measures with improved disease control provides strong support for the construct validity of PROMIS measures in the IBD population. Their use should advance patient-centered outcomes research in IBD.
Salt tolerance of common green roof and green wall plants

Detrimental effects of road deicing salt on vegetation are well known and have been well studied, with the exception of typical green roof plants, which could experience damage on green roofs with public access and green walls near roadways in cold climates. Two studies were conducted comparing salt tolerance of five Sedum species, two Allium species and a mixture of turf grasses when exposed to six levels of salinity applied either as foliar spray or as liquid applications to the soil. A third study compared salt tolerance when plants were placed at three distances from a major highway. Response variables measured included survival, a health score from 0 to 5, and a growth index. Allium cernuum, A. senscens and S. ellecombianum were relatively tolerant of both saline spray and soil inundation at high saline concentrations in terms of survival, mean health scores, percentage of healthy plants and growth index. Sedum reflexum was much less tolerant of saline spray at higher salinity concentrations and soil inundation regardless of salinity levels. Distance from the road had no effect on plant survival rates but plants farthest from the road had higher mean health scores and a greater percentage of healthy plants than plants closer to the highway.
Integration effects of pylon geometry and rearward mounted nacelles for a high-wing transport

Results of a wind-tunnel study of the effect of pylon cross-sectional shape and tow angle on airplane drag and an aft-mounted nacelle are presented. The 1/24-scale wide-body high-wing transport model was tested in the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel at free-stream Mach 0.7-0.8 and angles of attack from -3 to 4 degrees. A compression-type pylon is found to have the lowest drag at both Mach 0.7 and 0.8 and to be capable of suppressing the velocities in the inboard region of the pylon-wing junction, reducing the extent of supersonic flow and the probability of flow separation. It is also shown that the D-shaped aft-mounted nacelle has a low interference drag, as do previously tested circular nacelles in the same position.
SOLUBLE MODEL FIELD THEORY WITH VERTEX FUNCTION

The Lee model is modified by the insertion of an elementary particle into the second sector with the coupling $U\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}V+\ensuremath{\theta}$. The $\mathrm{UV}\ensuremath{\theta}$ vertex function, the propagators, and all the renormalization constants of the theory are evaluated exactly, and the $V\ensuremath{\theta}$ scattering amplitude is given when both incoming and outgoing $\ensuremath{\theta}$ particles are off the energy shell.
Techniques to teach Generalizable Spelling Skills

An imitation, modeling, and time-to learn spelling procedure may be effective for remedial purposes in classrooms.
Management of endovenous heat-induced thrombus using a classification system and treatment algorithm following segmental thermal ablation of the small saphenous vein

Objective We evaluated our experience with segmental radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the small saphenous vein (SSV), a less common procedure than great saphenous vein ablation, and developed a classification system and algorithm for endovenous heat-induced thrombus (EHIT), based on modifications of our prior algorithm of EHIT following great saphenous ablation. Methods Endovenous ablation was performed on symptomatic patients with incompetent SSVs following a minimum of 3 months of compression therapy. Demographic data, risk factors, CEAP classification, procedure details, and follow-up data were recorded. A four-tier classification system and treatment algorithm was developed, based on EHIT proximity to the popliteal vein. Results Eighty limbs (in 76 patients) were treated with RFA of the SSV between January 2008 and August 2012. Duplex ultrasound was performed between 24 and 72 hours postprocedure in all patients. Ablation was successful in 98.7% (79/80) of procedures. Sixty-eight (85%) patients had level A closures (≥1 mm caudal to popliteal vein) and 10 patients (13%) had level B closures (flush with popliteal vein) and were observed. Two limbs (3%) had EHIT extending into the popliteal vein (level C) and were treated with outpatient low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulation. Thrombus retracted to the level of the saphenopopliteal junction in both patients following a short course of anticoagulation. No patient developed an occlusive deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (level D). Mean follow-up period was 6.2 months; no patient had small saphenous recanalization, occlusive DVT, or pulmonary embolus. The presence or absence of the Giacomini vein was not predictive of level B and C closure. Conclusions RFA of the SSV in symptomatic patients has a high success rate with a low risk of DVT. A classification system and treatment protocol based on the level of EHIT in relation to the saphenopopliteal junction is useful in managing patients. The approach to patients with thrombus flush with the popliteal vein or bulging has not been previously defined; our outcomes were excellent, using our treatment algorithm.
Prevalence of PTSD in a community sample of older adolescents

Abstract Objective To examine prevalence and correlates of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and diagnosis in older adolescents aged 16 through 22 years. Method The second cycle of a longitudinal epidemiological study in the Southeast included a semistructured interview assessing PTSD symptomatology administered to 490 adolescents. Results Approximately 3% of female subjects and 1% of male subjects satisfied the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Females reported more traumatic events than males, and black subjects reported more events than white subjects. Being female (odds ratio = 12.32), experiencing rape or child sexual abuse (odds ratio = 49.37), and witnessing an accident or medical emergency (odds ratio = 85.02) were associated with increased risk of PTSD. Conclusions While relatively few adolescents satisfy the criteria for PTSD, most subjects who experienced a traumatic event reported some PTSD symptoms. Specific types of traumatic events were associated with occurrence of PTSD.
Resolution of Oral Lesions After Tobacco Cessation

Background: Dentists and other health care professionals are familiar with the impact of tobacco on oral and general health. However, oral health care professionals do not often provide tobacco-cessation counseling to their patients, thus reflecting a significant disconnect between research and clinical practice. This report demonstrates the benefits of tobacco cessation in resolving oral lesions and improving overall periodontal and oral health.Methods: A 51-year-old white male presented to the University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine clinic requesting an oral and periodontal examination as part of a presurgical protocol prior to cardiac surgery. A review of the patient's history from a health questionnaire revealed that he was using smokeless tobacco every day. An oral examination revealed several white lesions (5 × 10 mm) on the maxillary right and left labial mucosa. The patient was provided with tobacco-cessation counseling as well as oral hygiene instructions and professional dental prophyla...
Special directions for Brillouin-zone integration: Application to density-of-states calculations

We present several large sets of special directions for cubic lattices. The question of accuracy obtainable in density-of-states and Fermi-energy evaluations in disordered alloys by using various direction sets is discussed. In this context, results on the simple cubic tight-binding band and on the model Hamiltonian for Cu are considered.
Pregnant low-income teenagers: a social structural model of the determinants of abortion-seeking behavior.

Approximately one-third of the over 2 million teenage pregnancies a year are terminated early; nearly one-third of all legal reported abortions are performed on individuals under age 20. Many studies have collected demographic data on abortion-seeking women and girls. Attitudes to abortion have been found to be related to religion and religiosity and to levels of income and education. Relationships have been found between abortion attitudes and the timing of abortion. The theoretical structural constraints upon the pregnant teenager are the function of rewards minus costs. If the costs of bearing and raising a child outweigh the anticipated rewards the pregnancy is defined as unwanted; the likelihood of seeking an abortion will be increased. Analysis of the model is based upon matched samples of abortion and obstetrics patients at Jefferson Davis County Hospital Houston Texas. Path analysis suggests that education should be deleted as a causal variable as well as a direct link between race and the dependent variable. The strongest elements in the model are 2 social-emotional variables that with age are indicators in the life cycle. When a commitment to having children of ones own is acceptable by society the pregnant teen will decide in favor of delivery. Prior to reaching that point in the life cycle teens will tend to seek abortion. The decision to abort will increase the mothers chances for education.
Theory of the free electron laser

Abstract Photon propagation in a relativistic electron beam, interacting with a static helical magnetic field B, is described by using the quantum mechanical two-time Green function method. The interaction between photons and relativistic electrons through the B-fields in this beam system is analyzed in detail. In the case where the electron beam is directed along the axis of the B-field, the coupling in the normal process contributes mostly to spin flip interaction while the coupling in the umklapp process contributes to non-spin flip interaction. The only coupling active in the umklapp process is screened by the Coulomb interaction between electrons. The dispersion relation for a free electron laser is derived from this formulation. It is compared to the Kwan et al. formulation, which is derived from the hydrodynamic model for the same problem. The derived dispersion relation has a different screening factor for the plasma oscillation term. Our formula agrees with the Kwan et al. formulation corrected for the power of γ = (1 + v 2 b /c 2 ) 1 2 , vb being the electron velocity.
We Can't Go On Like This: Frame Changes in Intractable Conflicts

This article focuses on the definition and causes of intractable conflicts, particularly on why some conflicts become longstanding and elude resolution. Using examples from environmental disputes, ...
Talking About Maternal Breast Cancer With Young Children: A Content Analysis of Text in Children’s Books

Objective Examine the content of children's books and summarize the main issues related to communication with young children about maternal cancer, especially breast cancer. Methods A search of English books discussing early-stage (breast) cancer and written for children aged 3-12 years was conducted on the Amazon.com Web site. Each of 45 identified books was analyzed independently by two of three coders using inductive qualitative content analysis. Results The main contents of these books included cancer-related knowledge, impacts of maternal cancer, and coping strategies. The concept of (breast) cancer and its treatment was introduced in plain language and some common misunderstandings were clarified. The consequences of maternal cancer were highlighted. Conclusions These books are beneficial to children and adults. However, impacts on school life, children's concerns about financial burdens, and instructions about age-appropriate use of the books have been neglected. Additional studies should be undertaken to explore the value of these books.
Sedimentation of an ellipsoid inside an infinitely long tube at low and intermediate Reynolds numbers

The motion of a heavy rigid ellipsoidal particle settling in an infinitely long circular tube filled with an incompressible Newtonian fluid has been studied numerically for three categories of problems, namely, when both fluid and particle inertia are negligible, when fluid inertia is negligible but particle inertia is present, and when both fluid and particle inertia are present. The governing equations for both the fluid and the solid particle have been solved using an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian based finite-element method. Under Stokes flow conditions, an ellipsoid without inertia is observed to follow a perfectly periodic orbit in which the particle rotates and moves from side to side in the tube as it settles. The amplitude and the period of this oscillatory motion depend on the initial orientation and the aspect ratio of the ellipsoid. An ellipsoid with inertia is found to follow initially a similar oscillatory motion with increasing amplitude. Its orientation tends towards a flatter configuration, and the rate of change of its orientation is found to be a function of the particle Stokes number which characterizes the particle inertia. The ellipsoid eventually collides with the tube wall, and settles into a different periodic orbit. For cases with non-zero Reynolds numbers, an ellipsoid is seen to attain a steady-state configuration wherein it falls vertically. The location and configuration of this steady equilibrium varies with the Reynolds number.
Fine structure physical mapping of a 1·9 Mb region of chromosome 13q12

Through linkage analysis and the identification of structural chromosome rearrangements, a number of disease genes have been mapped to the pericentromeric region of the long arm of chromosome 13. Structural rearrangements, or deletions, of the 13q12 region have been implicated in a range of myeloproliferative neoplasms, and other haematopoietic malignancies. In particular, seven cases of a t(8;13) (p11; q12·1) rearrangement have been noted in patients with an atypical myeloproliferative disorder associated with T-cell leukemia and eosinophilia. We have previously identified a CEPH megaYAC, 943E4, which crosses the translocation breakpoint in archival tumour samples from two patients with this t(8;13) translocation. As an initial step in the characterisation of this translocation breakpoint, we have generated a fine structure physical map of this 1·9 Mb YAC. We have used the method of YAC fragmentation to generate a series of deletion constructs of known size, which provide discreet physical landmarks convenient for mapping genetic markers along the 943E4 YAC. Analysis of these deletion constructs defined the order of ESTs and microsatellite markers in 943E4 as: cen-NIB1257-(ATP1AL1/D13S283)- D13S179E-(D13S504E/D13S505E)-D13S824E-D13S182E-D13S221-tel. These markers have also been assigned to physically defined regions relative to the fragmented YAC endpoints and a derived NotI restriction map.
Effects of toxaphene on the residual life of methyl parathion on cotton

After the cancellation of DDT registrations on cotton by the EPA in 1973, various emulsifiable concentrate mixtures of DDTtoxaphene were replaced with toxaphene-methyl parathion formulations. These formulations contained 4 or 6 Ib of toxaphene and 2 or 3 Ib of methyl parathion per gallon. Application rates were usually 2 or 3 ib of toxaphene and i ib of methyl parathion per acre. The rationale for this mixture apparently hinged on the efficacy of the original DDT-toxaphene mixture used against the cotton boll weevil. The value of this combination faded after 2 or 3 years of use when the boll weevil became resistant to it. This observed synergistic quality did not extend to other cotton pests. Various qualities have been attributed to toxaphene-methyl parathion by growers and agricultural fieldmen alike, including enhanced insect control through the influence of toxaphene as a protective screen against the sun's ultraviolet, its effect as a sticker or adhesive, thus preventing washing off by rain, or as a protective film against volatility. There are few data to support these testimonials despite the combination's availability for more than i0 years. It was thus the purpose of these experiments to determine the influence of toxaphene in various ratios on methyl parathion residues on cotton.
Conditioned inhibition of exploration in young rats

The inhibition of exploratory behavior, and responses to the CS were used as measures of conditioned fear in young rats. Comparisons with control groups indicate that any experience with shock produces equal amounts of fear retention in the early and middle stages of extinction. The differential effects produced by the various procedures became apparent only later in extinction when the group that had experienced CS-US pairings in acquisition exhibited significantly more residual fear than the controls on both response measures.
Mediation of Conflicts

Finding a mutually acceptable outcome in a dispute often poses a complex problem that needs hard systematic analysis and the sharing of much private information. An analytically oriented intervenor can help find such agreeable outcomes working jointly and privately with the protagonists.
Packing and Drafting in Natural Gas Pipelines

Increasing and decreasing natural gas pipeline inventory (''packing'' and ''drafting'') are examined mathematically. Any line segment's unsteady-state packing or drafting behavior depends on only two dimensionless parameters, (fL/d) and (z/k). The influence of (z/k) is small, so that for any value of (fL/d) the behavior of all pipelines can be represented on a single plot; four such plots are shown for four different boundary conditions.
Elastic plates model of domain walls in intercalated graphite

Abstract The recently proposed model of thin elastic plates coupled via harmonic forces for the calculation of domain wall energies in intercalated graphite is extended to higher stages. It is found that whether coherent domains bind to each other depends on the degree of stagger. The effect of the loss of coherence and the interface between different stages are discussed.
Circadian Clock Neurons in the Silkmoth Antheraea pernyi: Novel Mechanisms of Period Protein Regulation

We examined Period (PER) protein regulation in the brain of the silkmoth Antheraea pernyi. PER expression is restricted to the cytoplasm and axons of eight neurons, with no evidence of temporal movement into the nucleus. These neurons appear to be circadian clock cells, because PER and per mRNA are colocalized and their levels oscillate in these cells, Timeless protein immunoreactivity is coexpressed in each PER-positive neuron, and clock protein and mRNA oscillations are all suppressed in these neurons by constant light. A per antisense RNA oscillation was detected that is spatially restricted to PER-expressing cells, suggesting a novel mechanism of PER regulation. PER-positive neurons and their projections are strategically positioned for regulating prothoracicotropic hormone and eclosion hormone, two neurohormones under circadian control. Differences in the molecular details of PER expression and regulation between the brains of silkmoths and fruitflies provide insights into the mechanisms of clock gene regulation.
Controlling beta-sheet assembly in genetically engineered silk by enzymatic Phosphorylation/Dephosphorylation, by

Enzymatic phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions were used to modify a genetically engineered variant of spider dragline silk. The approximately 25 kDa protein was phosphorylated with cyclic AMP-dependent kinase and dephosphorylated with calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Phosphorylation inhibited beta-sheet assembly of the protein and enhanced solubility to about 5 mg/mL in water, compared to about 20% of this level upon enzymatic dephosphorylation. The cyclability of the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation system was confirmed by MALDI with a model peptide. Kinetic studies conducted with [gamma-(32)P]ATP illustrate that the phosphorylation reaction proceeds over 6 h. Secondary structure of the phosphorylated and dephosphorylated proteins was determined by CD and FTIR. The results illustrate that an enzymatic phosphorylation event can be used to control the solution structure of a protein like silk, which has a tendency to prematurely precipitate due to the formation of beta-sheets.
Elastic photon scattering at small momentum transfer and validity of form-factor theories

Various form-factor theories used to predict Rayleigh-scattering cross sections of gamma-ray photons are examined. For energies above the K threshold comparisons are made with more accurate numerical calculations, for a high-Z element (Pb), primarily at small momentum transfers (up to xequivalentlambda/sup -1/sin(theta/2) = 10 A/sup -1/, where lambda is the photon wavelength) but also for larger momentum transfers. Nonrelativistic form-factor predictions generally are in good agreement with the numerically obtained theoretical values, in contrast to poorer predictions obtained with relativistic form factors. However, we also observe that a modified relativistic form-factor theory predicts the theoretical Rayleigh-scattering amplitudes still more accurately, to higher momentum transfers. Comparison with available experiments for Pb at energies from 145 to 1408 keV and momentum transfers x< or =10 A/sup -1/ indicates no systematic pattern of discrepancy between theory and the significant scatter among different experimental results.
Mask: a system for privacy-preserving policy-based access to published content

We propose to demonstrate Mask, the first system addressing the seemingly-unsolvable problem of how to selectively share contents among a group of users based on access control policies expressed as conditions against the identity attributes of these users while at the same time assuring the privacy of these identity attributes from the content publisher. Mask consists of three entities: a Content Publisher, Users referred to as Subscribers, and Identity Providers that issue certified identity attributes. The content publisher specifies access control policies against identity attributes of subscribers indicating which conditions the identity attributes of a subscriber must verify in order for this subscriber to access a document or a subdocument. The main novelty of Mask is that, even though the publisher is able to match the identity attributes of the subscribers against its own access control policies, the publisher does not learn the values of the identity attributes of the subscribers; the privacy of the authorized subscribers is thus preserved. Based on the specified access control policies, documents are divided into subdocuments and the subdocuments having different access control policies are encrypted with different keys. Subscribers derive the keys corresponding to the subdocuments they are authorized to access. Key distribution in Mask is supported by a novel group key management protocol by which subscribers can reconstruct the decryption keys from the subscription information they receive from the publisher. The publisher however does not learn which decryption keys each subscriber is able to reconstruct. In this demonstration, we show our system using a healthcare scenario.
Circadian gene variants in cancer

AbstractHumans as diurnal beings are active during the day and rest at night. This daily oscillation of behavior and physiology is driven by an endogenous circadian clock not environmental cues. In modern societies, changes in lifestyle have led to a frequent disruption of the endogenous circadian homeostasis leading to increased risk of various diseases including cancer. The clock is operated by the feedback loops of circadian genes and controls daily physiology by coupling cell proliferation and metabolism, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis in peripheral tissues with physical activity, energy homeostasis, immune and neuroendocrine functions at the organismal level. Recent studies have revealed that defects in circadian genes due to targeted gene ablation in animal models or single nucleotide polymorphism, deletion, deregulation and/or epigenetic silencing in humans are closely associated with increased risk of cancer. In addition, disruption of circadian rhythm can disrupt the molecular clock in peripher...
Immunohistochemical staining of radixin and moesin in prostatic adenocarcinoma

Some members of the Protein 4.1 superfamily are believed to be involved in cell proliferation and growth, or in the regulation of these processes. While the expression levels of two members of this family, radixin and moesin, have been studied in many tumor types, to our knowledge they have not been investigated in prostate cancer. Tissue microarrays were immunohistochemically stained for either radixin or moesin, with the staining intensities subsequently quantified and statistically analyzed using One-Way ANOVA or nonparametric equivalent with subsequent Student-Newman-Keuls tests for multiple comparisons. There were 11 cases of normal donor prostates (NDP), 14 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 23 cases of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), 88 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa), and 25 cases of normal tissue adjacent to adenocarcinoma (NAC) analyzed in the microarrays. NDP, BPH, and HGPIN had higher absolute staining scores for radixin than PCa and NAC, but with a significant difference observed between only HGPIN and PCa (p = < 0.001) and HGPIN and NAC (p = 0.001). In the moesin-stained specimens, PCa, NAC, HGPIN, and BPH all received absolute higher staining scores than NDP, but the differences were not significant. Stage 4 moesin-stained PCa had a significantly reduced staining intensity compared to Stage 2 (p = 0.003). To our knowledge, these studies represent the first reports on the expression profiles of radixin and moesin in prostatic adenocarcinoma. The current study has shown that there were statistically significant differences observed between HGPIN and PCa and HGPIN and NAC in terms of radixin expression. The differences in the moesin profiles by tissue type were not statistically significant. Additional larger studies with these markers may further elucidate their potential roles in prostatic neoplasia progression.
Chromatin structure and specificity revealed by immunological techniques

Abstract The relation between the structure and function of chromatin is complex and not fully understood; therefore, a variety of experimental techniques have to be employed to elucidate the structural basis of the regulation of the genetic message encoded in DNA. The present review attempts to point out and summarize the use of antibodies as probes to study the structure and specificity of chromatin, chromosomes and their components. The applicability of immunological techniques requires two major steps. The first step requires elucidation of a large repertoire of antibodies specific for the various forms and components of chromatin and chromosomes. The usefulness of antibodies as probes for chromatin structure is directly dependent on the number of specific, well characterized antisera. The available immunochemical techniques allow elucidation and purification of antibodies against almost any conceivable antigen. Indeed, as indicated in this review, a large number of antisera is already available. However the list of potentially useful antisera is almost unlimited. The second step involves adaptation of various aerological and immunochemical techniques to the study of chromatin and chromosomes. Unfortunately most of the techniques used are not quantitative. However, the information obtainable on both the gross and fine arrangement of individual components in chromatin and chromosomes is not easily available by other techniques. As the techniques for preparing ‘clean’, well-defined nuclei, soluble chromatin, well-defined nucleosomes or polynucleosomes, and unfixed chromosomes improve the information obtainable by immunological techniques will be more exact and defined. Table 1 lists some uses of aerological techniques in the study of chromatin, chromosomes and their components.
Perceptions of Social Transgressions in Adulthood

People may react differently when individuals of different ages commit a social faux pas. Younger (22 to 35 years old) and older (65 to 77 years old) participants read vignettes where age of characters committing social transgressions varied (young vs. old). Participants rated whether the offended person would respond with engagement, confrontational, and avoidant behaviors and how much people would blame or forgive the transgressor. Multilevel models revealed endorsement of avoidant behaviors with older transgressors, confrontational behaviors with younger transgressors, and engagement behaviors with both. Levels of blame and forgiveness mediated this association, with less blame and greater forgiveness of older adults. Discussion focuses on the social input model and why adults may regulate reactions to interpersonal problems with older adults.
Religion After Atheism

The recent history of Russia and China show that eradicating religion from the face of the earth is no easy task. In both cases the regimes were effective only as long as they carried out repressive measures, and this success was limited to public displays of religion, not private belief. As soon as forced secularization ceased, desecularization began almost immediately. Religious belief did not simply return previous levels, but rather has in some cases, most notably China, begun to spread like never before. These facts should force us to reconsider the mechanisms of secularization and whether or not a secular world is not just likely, but even possible.
Infra-red Spectra of Diamond Coat

Natural diamonds are usually considered as having been grown in magma, the constituents of which are not easily determinable. An infra-red examination of a coated natural diamond indicates the presence of varying amounts of carbonate and water in the concentric rings of the coat region, which suggests that the diamond grew in a magma containing carbonate and water.
Bor–Stickstoff‐Verbindungen. XXX. 1H‐Kernresonanzspektren von 1,3,2‐Diazaboracycloalkanen

Die 1H-Kernresonanzspektren einiger 1,3,2-Diazaboracycloalkane wurden untersucht. Die spektralen Daten deuten auf einen ebenen Bau zumindest der funf- und sechsgliedrigen Heterocyclen. Damit ist die Ausbildung von BN-Mehrfachbindungen grundsatzlich moglich und man kann mit einer hohen BN-Bindungsordnung in diesen Verbindungen rechnen. Dieses Ergebnis steht im Einklang mit schwingungsspektroskopischen Untersuchungen. The proton magnetic resonance spectra of several 1,3,2-diazaboracycloalkanes have been investigated. The resultant data indicate a planar structure at least for such five or six-membered heterocycles. This occurrence provides for the possibility of BN multiple bonding and one can expect a high BN bond order in such systems. This result is in agreement with vibrational spectroscopic studies.
Lifetimes of triplet formaldehyde

Abstract By direct optical excitation into the 3 A 2 state of H 2 CO (D 2 CO) with a tunable laser, phosphorescence is observed and lifetimes are measured for this state. Very short lifetimes, apparently limited by intersystem crossing, are observed.
Long-term influence of lipid nutrition on the induction of CD8(+) responses to viral or bacterial antigens.

Abstract Porcine CD8+ lymphocytes are critical for the development of cellular immune responses to bacterial (i.e. CD8αα+) and viral (i.e. CD8αβ+ lymphocytes) pathogens. Vaccination and challenge modulate the kinetics of appearance of CD8+ cells in peripheral blood. In addition to antigen-mediated modulation, nutritional modulation can also influence cell-mediated immunity. We had previously observed that diets supplemented with a mixture of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers expanded porcine CD8+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The present study aimed to investigate the influence of prior consumption of a nutraceutical, (i.e. dietary CLA) on phenotypes and effector functions of porcine PBMC following immunization with a bacterin or a modified-live viral vaccine. It was demonstrated that the effects of dietary CLA on immune cell phenotype (i.e. numbers of CD8αβ+ cells) persisted after the compound was withdrawn from the diet (i.e. 67 days), whereas effector functions (i.e. antigen-stimulated proliferation and cytotoxycity) disappeared earlier (i.e. 25 days). Specifically, numbers of CD8αβ+ PBMC in pigs that had been fed diets suplemented with CLA were greater than in pigs fed control (i.e. isoenergetic and unsupplemented) diets, regardless of the vaccination treatment. Furthermore, prior dietary CLA supplementation interacted with viral immunization (i.e. modified-live pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccine) by enhancing both pseudorabies-specific proliferative responses of CD8αβ+ PBMC and granzyme activities of PBMC.
What language is “mentalese”?

Carruthers’ “mentalese expressions” take the form of English sentences, thus suggesting an isomorphism between thought and language that ignores linguistic diversity. Furthermore, complex syntax is not the only linguistic means of combining information from various domain-specific modules into domain-general expressions, nor is such syntax the preferred means of encoding basic experiences in all languages. The analysis seems to rest on an unacknowledged version of linguistic determinism.
Canine lung uptake of plasma and platelet serotonin.

Abstract Platelet-endothelial interaction and serotonin release were studied in 20 in vitro pump perfused lung lobes. Indicator dilution studies were performed in sequence using an injectate composed of indocyanine green and platelets labelled with either 14 C-serotonin ( 14 C-5-HT) or 51 Cr. In control experiments all tracer transit times were equivalent ( 14 C-5-HT, 51 Cr and indocyanine green) without entrapment of the tracer or platelets by the system. In six lungs with normal pulmonary function platelet transit times were not prolonged and no platelet entrapment was observed. These lungs took up to 72% of the total 14 C-5-HT contained in the injected platelets and plasma. The remaining 14 lobes showed variable degrees of pulmonary insufficiency such as elevated intrapulmonary shunt, low compliance and high vascular resistance; platelet entrapment was related to these phenomena ( p 0.01). Six lobes were studied with 14 C-5-HT, and despite entrapment of 22% of the injected platelets and transit time prolongations no 5-HT uptake was observed. The platelet-plasma 14 C-5-HT ratio was higher in the effluent blood than in the injectate. The data suggest that in the pump perfused lung lobe with normal pulmonary function: (1) Serotonin released from platelets is rapidly taken up by the pulmonary circulation during a single transit through the lung lobe; (2) the serotonin uptake occurs without any observable prolongation of platelet time. In the pump perfused lung lobe with abnormal pulmonary function: (1) Serotonin released from the platelets is not taken up by the pulmonary circulation despite significant platelet entrapment; (2) the released serotonin is removed by the circulating platelets.
Two Grades of Non-consequentialism

In this paper, I explore how to accommodate non-consequentialist constraints with a broadly value-based conception of reasons for action. It turns out that there are two grades of non-consequentialist constraints. The first grade involves attaching ethical importance to such distinctions as the doing/allowing distinction, and the distinction between intended and unintended consequences that is central to the Doctrine of Double Effect. However, at least within the value-based framework, this first grade is insufficient to explain rights, which ground weighty reasons against infringing those rights that need not be outweighed even when infringing those rights is necessary for preventing a larger number of people from having their rights infringed in the same way. Such rights form a second grade of non-consequentialist constraints: within the value-based framework, this second grade is best explained in terms of the intrinsically relational values and disvalues of interpersonal interactions and relationships.
Thermally Reversible Dendronized Step-Polymers Based on Sequential Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition and Diels-Alder ``Click'' Reactions

Thermally labile dendronized AA−BB step polymers are described. First through third generation dendritic bisfuran monomers 6a−6c were prepared in part by the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide−alkyne Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction and in turn polymerized by the reversible furan−maleimide Diels−Alder reaction. The Diels−Alder reaction conditions were optimized through end-capping studies with N-phenylmaleimide (7). Dendronized step polymers 10a−10c were then formed from reaction with bismaleimide 9 and their assembly, disassembly, and reassembly behavior studied by GPC.
Activation of a cAMP-regulated Ca2+-Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic β-Cells by the Insulinotropic Hormone Glucagon-like Peptide-1

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinally derived insulinotropic hormone that is currently under investigation for use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. To investigate the Ca2+ signaling pathways by which GLP-1 may stimulate the secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta-cells, we examined its effects on the concentration of free intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) while simultaneously determining what action it exerts on ion channel function. Measurements of [Ca2+]i were obtained from single rat beta-cells and from beta TC6 and HIT-T15 insulinoma cells loaded with the Ca2+ indicator fura-2, and changes in membrane potential and current were monitored using the perforated patch clamp technique. We report a previously undocumented action of GLP-1 and analogs of cAMP (8-bromo-cAMP, Sp- or Rp-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothionate triethylamine) to raise [Ca2+]i that is attributable to the activation of a prolonged inward current designated here as IcAMP. Activation of IcAMP is associated with an increased membrane conductance, membrane depolarization, and triggers large increases of [Ca2+]i. IcAMP is primarily a Na+ current that is blocked by extracellularly applied La3+ or by intracellular administration of Ca2+ chelators (1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid/acetoxymethyl, EGTA) and which exhibits a reversal potential of about -26 mV. We propose that IcAMP results from the opening of nonselective cation channels that are activated by intracellular Ca2+ and cAMP and which might play an important role in the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells.