cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Policy to Deliver at 39 Weeks for the Indication of Class III Obesity.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a policy to deliver at 39 weeks for class III obesity. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of women with class III obesity delivering at ≥ 37 weeks before (May 2012 to April 2014) and after the policy (September 2014 to August 2016). The primary outcome was the cesarean rate. Secondary outcomes included maternal morbidities and a neonatal morbidity composite. Modified Poisson regression was used to adjust for demographic differences between groups. Results The study included a total of 1,210 patients, 580 before the policy and 630 after the policy. Before and after the policy, cesarean rates were similar (41.6% vs. 47.1%; risk ratio [RR]: 1.13 [95% CI: 1.00-1.29]; adjusted RR [aRR]: 1.03 [95% CI: 0.92-1.14]). In adjusted comparisons of women undergoing labor induction, parous women had lower cesarean rates (aRR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.41-0.94) but nulliparous women had higher cesarean rates (aRR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.04-1.68) after the policy (P for interaction = 0.01). Rates of chorioamnionitis, endometritis, and cesarean wound infection were not different between groups. Composite neonatal morbidity was not different between pre- and postpolicy groups. Conclusions A policy of delivery at 39 weeks for class III obesity did not affect overall cesarean rate or rates of maternal or neonatal morbidity. Further investigation should evaluate subsets of women who may have a higher cesarean rate with this policy.
Formulating Review Question

This chapter focuses on the development of an introduction section of an IR. The chapter begins with the general topic background and identification of what is known and what gaps in knowledge may exist. A rationale for conducting the review will be articulated based on a preliminary review of what is known and not known. Additionally, if a theoretical framework has been introduced, the explanation of how this framework will guide the integrative review should be included. The concepts and variables are then defined. In the process of defining the concepts and variables, inclusion and exclusion criteria are then delineated. After the purpose and/or review question(s) is clearly articulated, the reviewer will then determine whether an integrative review is the method of choice.
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin-T and N-Terminal Prohormone of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Relation to Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE High-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure, respectively, have not been widely studied in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We evaluated whether their assessment in T1D enhances the prediction of CVD and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP were analyzed on the Roche Cobas E601 using the first available stored specimen (n = 581; mean age, 29 years; duration, 21 years). CVD was defined as CVD death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, angina, ischemia, or stroke, and MACE as CVD death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. RESULTS Median hs-cTnT (5.0 ng/L; interquartile range CONCLUSIONS Sex differences were observed in the concentration and predictive ability of hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP in T1D. Overall, their addition to traditional risk factor models increased the area under the curve for neither CVD nor MACE.
Itaconate is an effector of a Rab GTPase cell-autonomous host defense pathway against Salmonella

The guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Rab32 coordinates a cell-intrinsic host defense mechanism that restricts the replication of intravacuolar pathogens such as Salmonella Here, we show that this mechanism requires aconitate decarboxylase 1 (IRG1), which synthesizes itaconate, a metabolite with antimicrobial activity. We find that Rab32 interacts with IRG1 on Salmonella infection and facilitates the delivery of itaconate to the Salmonella-containing vacuole. Mice defective in IRG1 rescued the virulence defect of a S. enterica serovar Typhimurium mutant specifically defective in its ability to counter the Rab32 defense mechanism. These studies provide a link between a metabolite produced in the mitochondria after stimulation of innate immune receptors and a cell-autonomous defense mechanism that restricts the replication of an intracellular bacterial pathogen.
Magnetic Temporal Interference For Noninvasive, High-resolution, and Localized Deep Brain Stimulation: Concept Validation

Abstract Non-invasive deep brain stimulation has been a major challenge in the field of neuroscience and brain stimulation in the past three decades. Current brain stimulation technologies suffer from such hurdles as the inability to do deep brain stimulation, poor spatial resolution, and invasiveness. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) technique, for instance, cannot target brain regions deeper than ∼2cm and has a poor spatial resolution, impacting a large area of the peripheral region and leading to various side effects. Implantable electrodes, even though effective for deep brain stimulation, are invasive and carry various drawbacks related to the surgery and site infection. In this paper, we propose a new concept that relies on temporal interference of two high- frequency magnetic fields generated by two electromagnetic coils. The neural system does not respond to each of these high-frequency magnetic fields alone because of the intrinsic low-pass filtering properties of the neural membrane. The peripheral areas of the brain are impacted only by the high-frequency magnetic fields that cannot stimulate the nerves, while the deep brain area where the two fields interfere experiences a magnetic field that contains a low-frequency envelope and therefore the nerves can be stimulated. This technique can noninvasively focus a magnetic or electric beam at any depth inside the brain with a high resolution, without impacting the peripheral regions.
Making a Case for Partially Connected 3D NoC: NFIC versus TSV

3D Network-on-Chip (3D NoC) enables design of high-performance and energy-efficient manycore computing platforms. Two of the commonly used vertical interconnection technologies are: through silicon via (TSV) and near-field inductive coupling (NFIC). Both TSV- and NFIC-based links introduce additional area overhead. One of the possible ways to reduce the area overhead is to design partially connected 3D NoC with minimal effect on overall performance. The achievable performance of the partially connected 3D NoCs depends on the area, energy, and bandwidth of the vertical links. Moreover, the electromigration-induced failure of TSV is more severe than the misalignment-induced error in NFIC. By considering all these pertinent factors, we demonstrate that it is indeed possible to design a partially connected NFIC-based 3D NoC that performs as good as a fully connected TSV-based counterpart when the data rate is below a certain limit. For higher data rates, the partially connected TSV-based 3D NoC is a viable solution. However, NFIC-based 3D NoC is always more robust than the TSV-based counterpart.
High-Intensity Interval Exercise Performance and Short-Term Metabolic Responses to Overnight-Fasted Acute-Partial Sleep Deprivation

People practicing high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) fasted during the morning hours under a lack of sleep. Such a habit may jeopardize the health benefits related to HIIE and adequate sleep. Fifteen habitually good sleeper males (age 31.1 ± 5.3 SD year) completed on a treadmill two isocaloric (500 kcal) HIIE sessions (3:2 min work:rest) averaged at 70% VO2reserve after 9-9.5 h of reference sleep exercise (RSE) and after 3-3.5 h of acute-partial sleep deprivation exercise (SSE). Diet and sleep patterns were controlled both 1 week prior and 2 days leading up to RSE and SSE. HIIE related performance and substrate utilization data were obtained from the continuous analysis of respiratory gases. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with the baseline maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and body fat percentage (BF%) as covariates at p < 0.05. No difference was observed in VO2max, time to complete the HIIE, VE, RER, CHO%, and FAT% utilization during the experimental conditions. Whether attaining an adequate amount of sleep or not, the fasted HIIE performance and metabolism were not affected. We propose to practice the fasted HIIE under adequate sleep to receive the pleiotropic beneficial effects of sleep to the human body.
Strategies for Specific Reduction in High-Energy Distal Radius Fractures

High-energy distal radius fractures frequently result in comminution with intra-articular fragmentation. Knowledge of predictable patterns of injury allows the surgeon to develop a preoperative plan for anatomic reduction and stable fixation of individual fragments that are too small or too distal to be fixed with standard volar locked plating. We review the column model, which organizes the distal radius into an intermediate column, radial column, and pedestal as the basis of a reconstructive algorithm and emphasize the importance of the volar ulnar fragment. Specific reduction and fixation techniques are described to assist the surgeon in treating these injuries.
Using Discussion Boards, Weblogs, Assessments, and Problem-Based Learning, in Learning Management Systems to Develop Constructivism in the Classroom

This paper explores tools in Learning Management Systems (LMS), including weblogs, discussion boards, and assessments, and how each together and individually contribute to constructivist learning theory. The research herein analyzes the integration of LMS in non-traditional classrooms that are actively using technology in the classroom. For the purpose of transparency, technology is the usage and implementation of laptops, mobile technology, and internet. From this, the viability of a constructivist learning model is closely examined using three unique learning technology tools provided for students in an LMS. Through analyzing various research studies on students constructing knowledge in an LMS, one can accurately conclude that when applied in the correct instructional environment by an appropriately trained facilitator, students can develop learning outcomes applicable to constructivist principles using discussion boards, weblogs, and assessments. With the relatively new relationship between constructivism and LMS technology, and the growing number of educational institutions that are now connected, there appear to be considerable positive implications for a wider scale of students that can now construct knowledge in new and innovative ways.
Enzymatic methyl sequencing detects DNA methylation at single-base resolution from picograms of DNA

Bisulfite sequencing detects 5mC and 5hmC at single-base resolution. However, bisulfite treatment damages DNA, which results in fragmentation, DNA loss, and biased sequencing data. To overcome these problems, enzymatic methyl-seq (EM-seq) was developed. This method detects 5mC and 5hmC using two sets of enzymatic reactions. In the first reaction, TET2 and T4-BGT convert 5mC and 5hmC into products that cannot be deaminated by APOBEC3A. In the second reaction, APOBEC3A deaminates unmodified cytosines by converting them to uracils. Therefore, these three enzymes enable the identification of 5mC and 5hmC. EM-seq libraries were compared with bisulfite-converted DNA, and each library type was ligated to Illumina adaptors before conversion. Libraries were made using NA12878 genomic DNA, cell-free DNA, and FFPE DNA over a range of DNA inputs. The 5mC and 5hmC detected in EM-seq libraries were similar to those of bisulfite libraries. However, libraries made using EM-seq outperformed bisulfite-converted libraries in all specific measures examined (coverage, duplication, sensitivity, etc.). EM-seq libraries displayed even GC distribution, better correlations across DNA inputs, increased numbers of CpGs within genomic features, and accuracy of cytosine methylation calls. EM-seq was effective using as little as 100 pg of DNA, and these libraries maintained the described advantages over bisulfite sequencing. EM-seq library construction, using challenging samples and lower DNA inputs, opens new avenues for research and clinical applications.
The Mediated Moderation Model of Depressive Symptoms, Alcohol Use, and Consequences: The Protective Role of Executive Function.

Background: Heavy episodic drinking (HED) and negative drinking consequences represent prevalent and serious health concerns for college students. Depressive symptoms may elevate students’ risk for...
Arsitektur Biophilic Untuk Mendukung Pengembangan Desain Hunian Di Era Kegiatan Work From Home (Pandemic Covid 19)

Pandemi Covid-19 mengharuskan manusia untuk dalam kurun waktu tertentu menghindari interaksi langsung antar manusia. Untuk menjaga produktivitas kerja, maka banyak langkah yang dilakukan termasuk kegiatan bekerja dari rumah (work from home). Perubahan pola aktivitas ini mempengaruhi cara pandang manusia untuk menciptakan kantor kecil di rumah mereka. Usaha untuk menciptakan ruang kantor tersebut bukanlah tanpa sebab. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Jobstreet.com ternyata proses berpindahnya aktivitas bekerja dari kantor ke dalam hunian tidak bisa begitu saja berpindah. Banyak aspek yang melatarbelakangi kegiatan bekerja tidak bisa berjalan baik di dalam rumah. Beranjak dari permasalahan tersebut, maka timbulah sebuah pertanyaan tentang bagaimana merancang sebuah ruangan kerja yang terpisah dari aktivitas rumah yang mampu memberikan pengalaman bekerja dengan kualitas yang baik, sehingga kegiatan work from home dapat berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Penelitian ini mengambil obyek pada sebuah hunian yang terletak di perumahan Cluster Naraya BSB City Semarang. Dimana perumahan ini memliki mayoritas penghuni berusia produktif yang disinyalir terdampak dengan kebijakan bekerja dari rumah. Arsitektur Biofilia menjadi teori utama dalam melihat sejauh mana perancangan pengembangan ruang kerja dapat memberikan dampak kualitas bekerja dari rumah yang baik.
More Political Power

We continue our study of political power in this chapter, beginning in Sections 9.2 and 9.3 with two more quantitative measures of power. Both of these power indices were introduced in the late 1970s, the first appearing in Johnston (1978) and the second in Deegan-Packel (1978). These indices are similar in some ways to the Shapley-Shubik and Banzhaf indices introduced in Chapter 4, but they also differ in some important respects from these earlier ones as well as from each other. In Section 9.4 we build on work of Brams, Affuso, and Kilgour (1989) in applying all four of these different indices to measure the power of the president in the context of the United States federal system. It turns out, for example, that according to the Deegan-Packel index, the president has less than 1 percent of the power. The Johnston index, however, suggests that the president has 77 percent of the power.
A Discrete Time Pricing Model for Individual Insurance Contracts

Most ratemaking principles or models for insurance pricing in the literature do not seem to incorporate at least one of the following three elements: contingency of claims, investment income of insurers, and insolvency risk of insurers. As far as we know, Doherty-Garven (1986) appears to be the only model that incorporates all the three components. Their model provides a solution for the “fair” rate of return of an insurer or the aggregate premium of an insurer. Their study has some important implications in terms of “excessiveness” and “adequacy” of the aggregate premium. In this paper, we developed a pricing model with which a premium can be assigned to an insurance contract. Our effort may have some important implications in terms of the “fairness” of the individual premium of an insurance contract.
Progress in theoretical studies of physical phenomena in high-power light sources

Summary form only given. Some high-power light sources operate on mixture of mercury and small amounts of rare earth halides molecules LnX (Ln/spl equiv/Dy, Ho, Tm, X/spl equiv/I, Br). Such sources have high output (radiative) power, but their frequency spectrum is often quite different from the (usually) desired solar spectrum. Lack of reliable thermodynamic and/or kinetic models of the plasmas in the devices makes understanding, and subsequently controlability, of the spectrum very difficult. We discuss in this work partition functions and thermodynamic functions of partially-ionized monoatomic (Hg, Dy, Ho and Tm) and diatomic (DyI, HoI, TmI, DyBr, HoBr and TmBr) gases which are typical components of plasmas used in the light sources discussed here.
The potential of sodium sulfur battery energy storage to enable further integration of wind

University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. February 2012. Major: Electrical Engineering. Advisor: Prof. Ned Mohan. 1 computer file (PDF); viii, 103 pages, appendix A.
Algebraic Number Fields

Subrings of fields Complete fields Decomposition groups and the Artin map Analytic methods and ray classes Class field theory Quadratic fields Appendix References Index.
Substitutability of Capital, Investment Costs and Foreign Aid ♦

This paper explores the relationship between foreign aid and public investment in the context of intertemporal growth. The static models in the existing development literature have predominantly neglected the intertemporal behavior of savings and investment in response to aid flows, and their consequent impact on growth and transitional dynamics. On the other hand, the macroeconomics literature has generally neglected the issue of external financing of public investment from official sources such as foreign aid and capital transfers. Moreover, an over-riding assumption in both strands of literature is that of a Cobb-Douglas production function that has the characteristic that the intratemporal elasticity of substitution between inputs is unity. Recent empirical evidence, however, points toward the CES production function as a better approximation for production structures in growing economies. This paper examines the dynamic consequences of financing public investment by foreign aid or capital transfers in an intertemporal optimizing growth framework by employing a CES production structure. We conduct a numerical analysis of the transitional dynamics of such an economy and characterize the trade-off between the degree of substitutability between public and private capital, cost of investment, and intertemporal welfare in response to both tied and untied aid programs. JEL Classification: D9, E2, E6, F0
Ulnar nerve compression by heterotopic ossification in a head-injured patient.

Abstract Although heterotopic ossification (HO) at the elbow is a frequent occurrence following head injury, nerve compression by heterotopic bone is quite rare. We report the case of a 22-year-old woman with head injury and well-documented HO at the left elbow who developed signs and symptoms of an ulnar neuropathy four months after her original injury. Electrodiagnostic studies confirmed the presence of a severe ulnar nerve lesion at the level of the elbow. Anterior transposition of the left ulnar nerve showed the nerve to have been compressed by heterotopic bone.
Women’s Status in the Context of International Migration

International migration creates unique gendered work-family contexts that profoundly affect individual lives in various ways. This paper examines how immigration impacts women’s status in the labor force and in the family. Immigrant women who are laborers, self-employed entrepreneurs, and professionals experience very different changes in gender relations and work status resulting from immigration. While some become more egalitarian, others remain patriarchal; some enter the paid labor force for the first time, whereas others retreat from prominent careers to become homemakers; some are powerful in certain areas but vulnerable in others. Immigrant women’s gains and losses in their work and family domains are full of variations, contradictions, and constraints. In addition to reviewing the current state of knowledge in this area of study, this paper discusses parallels across scholarly work, inadequacies in the literature, and directions for future research.
Use of strontium isotopes in detrital sediments to constrain the glacial position of the Agulhas Retroflection

[1] The Agulhas Leakage represents a significant portion of the warm, surface return flow of the global overturning circulation and thus may be an important feedback in the ocean climate system. Models indicate that reduced leakage could be caused by a stronger Agulhas Current and/or a more upstream (eastward) Agulhas Retroflection, while a weaker Agulhas Current would result in a more westward retroflection and increased leakage. However, data for the Last Glacial Maximum support both a weaker Agulhas Current and less leakage, implying a possible displacement of the retroflection. We present new 87Sr/86Sr results for modern sediments within this region, confirming that the modern pathway of the Agulhas Current, Retroflection, and Leakage can be traced by terrigenous sediment provenance using Sr isotopes. New 87Sr/86Sr data from sediments deposited during the Last Glacial Maximum suggest that the glacial Agulhas Current and Retroflection followed nearly their modern trajectory. The provenance data appear to rule out both a stronger Agulhas Current and a more upstream Agulhas Retroflection. We conclude that the reduced glacial leakage was caused by the weakened Agulhas Current, with no significant change in the retroflection position. This is inconsistent with the model predictions and thus emphasizes the need for further work in this region.
Freight transport demand revisited: A microeconomic view of multimodal, multicharacteristic service uncertainty and the demand for freight transport

Abstract This paper provides a unifying framework for micro-based models of freight transport demand. An expected utility of profits model is posed that clarifies the conditions under which a system of equations (continuous) regression model should be used as opposed to the conditions that make a quantal choice model appropriate. The model also indicates the nature of subjective data that is necessary for estimating demand. In general, the conditions that give rise to the appropriate use of a quantal choice model imply that the needed subjective information is completely contained in the subjective probability distributions on the service characteristics; the utility function itself is irrelevant.
Bilateral kinematic and kinetic analysis of the squat exercise after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Abstract Corna S, Nardone A, Prestinari A, Galante M, Grasso M, Schieppati M. Comparison of Cawthorne-Cooksey exercises and sinusoidal support surface translations to improve balance in patients with unilateral vestibular deficit. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:1173–84. Objectives: To characterize the bilateral lower-extremity kinematics and kinetics associated with squatting exercise after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Design: We evaluated bilaterally sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of the ankle, knee, and hip joints during submaximal squatting exercise in rehabilitating patients after ACL reconstruction. Comparisons were performed between involved and noninvolved limbs, and regression models were created to examine the relations between the bilateral kinetic differences and time postsurgery. Setting: A motion analysis laboratory. Participants: Eight adults (27.9±6.8y) with unilateral ACL reconstruction (postsurgical time, 30±12wk). Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Sagittal plane ankle, knee, and hip peak net moments of force, maximum joint excursion angles, and peak vertical ground reaction forces. Results: Peak vertical ground reaction forces did not differ between limbs. The peak knee extensor moment generated during the submaximal squatting exercise was 25.5% greater in the noninvolved limb than in the involved limb ( P =.003). The peak ankle plantarflexor moment did not differ between limbs ( P =.85); however, there was a trend toward a greater hip extensor moment in the involved limb ( P =.06). The ratio of the peak hip extensor moment to the peak knee extensor moment was 46.5% greater in the involved limb ( P =.02). Only the peak dorsiflexion angle differed between limbs ( P =.02). None of the linear models examining the relations between differences in the involved limb and noninvolved limb kinetics, and postsurgical time, were statistically significant. Conclusions: Patients performing the squat exercise, within 1 year of ACL reconstructive surgery, used 2 strategies for generating the joint torques required to perform the movement: (1) in the noninvolved limb, patients used a strategy that equally distributed the muscular effort between the hip and knee extensors, and (2) in the involved limb, patients used a strategy that increased the muscular effort at the hip and reduced the effort at the knee. These intra- and interlimb motor-programming alterations (ie, substitution strategies) could potentially slow or limit rehabilitation, and induce strength and performance deficits.
Linear Response Function for Coupled Hyperbolic Attractors

The SRB measures of a hyperbolic system are widely accepted as the measures that are physically relevant. It has been shown by Ruelle that they depend smoothly on the system. Furthermore, Ruelle showed by a separate argument that the first derivative, i.e., the linear response function, admits a geometric interpretation. In this paper, we consider thermodynamic limits of SRB measures in lattices of coupled hyperbolic attractors. In a previous paper, using Markov partitions and thermodynamic formalism, we had established the smooth dependence of thermodynamic limits of SRB measures. Here, we establish that the linear response function admits a geometric interpretation. The formula is analogous to the one found by Ruelle for finite dimensional systems if one term is reinterpreted appropriately. We show that the limiting derivative is the thermodynamic limit of the derivatives in finite volume. We also obtain similar results for the derivatives of the entropy.
A dynamic model of failure scenarios of the dry cooler in a liquid cooled chiller-less data center

Data centers take up a significant portion of the national energy consumption in the U.S., accounting for approximately 2% of the total electricity used in 2010. Around the world that percentage is growing at a rapid rate. Within data centers, cooling systems constitute a large portion of the energy consumed, accounting for roughly 25-35% of total expenditures. Many new data center cooling technologies have been developed to improve cooling energy efficiency. A data center cooling facility proposed by IBM was constructed to reduce cooling energy use to less than 5% of the total Information Technology (IT) energy use, which was accomplished through a combination of warm water cooling servers and liquid-side economization. The heat load of IT equipment is rejected out to the ambient air without using a refrigeration/chiller plant or a Computer Room Air Handlers unit (CRAH), which consume a large amount of energy. This work develops simulation tools for the dry cooler, which is an air-to-liquid cross flow heat exchanger used in this cooling technology. Steady state test data is incorporated into the models, and is then used to validate them. The dynamic prediction accuracy of the simulation tool is also compared with real time measurement results of the dry cooler. Results of the simulation and testing are then used to obtain a more complete understanding of the dry cooler performance data and analyze the performance of the dry cooler in the cooling infrastructure. Failure analyses of the dry cooler are also performed in this work. One failure category of the dry cooler is parametrically modeled. The dynamic effects of failures of the dry cooler are reported and analyzed. The effects of the thermal mass of liquid and ambient air as well as the effects of natural convection and thermal, hydraulic characteristics of the external loop on the dynamic behavior of the dry cooler in this failure scenario are presented.
ABSORPTION OF FLUORIDE AND CHLORIDE BY BARLEY ROOTS.

started. As shoot growth occurred, there was a decrease in percentage total ni.trogen, followed by an increase in early fall. Total nitrogen content was closely associated wi,th bud activity in tanweed rhizomes. Protein nitrogen in rhizome extracts was the only other character studied that was positively correlated with bud activity. Peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities were closely correlated with one another and were highest during the period of greatest bud dormancy. Indoleacetic acid oxidase activity fluctuated considerably during the sampling period, but was lowest during July. Bud activity, percentage total nitrogen, and protein nitrogen all were negatively correlated with peroxidase activity, polyphenoloxi,dase activity, and temperature. Activities of peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, and indoleacetic acid oxidase were positively correlated with temperature.
A proposed method for absolute ratio scaling.

A method of ratio scaling is described for treating comparative judgments of paired stimuli. A method of comparative judgment developed by Metfessel is employed. Formulas for scale values and the solution of a sample problem are provided. The method is designed to provide internal-consistency checks on the scale values. Experimental interpretations of equal-unit and ratio properties of measurement scales are inherent in the procedure.
Transition from antiferromagnetism to ferromagnetism in the superconducting mixed ternary system (Sm 1- x Er x )Rh 4 B 4

The mixed ternary system (Sm1−x Er x )Rh4B4 has been investigated by means of measurements of ac electrical resistance in various applied magnetic fields, ac magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat. The low-temperature superconducting and magnetic transition temperature versus Er concentrationx phase diagram reveals the occurrence of a single transition to long-range magnetic order for all concentrations, changing from antiferromagnetism for SmRh4B4 to ferromagnetism for ErRh4B4 atx ≈ 0.2. The upper critical magnetic field versus temperature curves for various Er concentrations exhibit combined features characteristic of both SmRh4B4 and ErRh4B4, rather than a gradual evolution from one type to the other. A model for such a mixed magnetic system is discussed, and comparisons with other mixed ternary systems are made.
Survival and kinetics of Chinese hamster ovary cell subpopulations induced by adriamycin and radiation.

Abstract Mitotic selection of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, at 10 min intervals after the initation of Adriamycin and/or X-ray treatment was used to measure the kinetics and survival of cells which progressed without delay, the "refractory" cells, the cells that reached mitosis only after recovery from the treatment-induced delay, the "recovered" cells, and the survival of the cells remaining attached to the flask 5 hr after treatment. The cell kinetics were determined from the rate at which cells entered mitosis, and the reproductive integrity from the survival of the selected refractory, recovered and remaining (unselected) cells.
Coronary Sinus Pacing Prevents Induction of Atrial Fibrillation

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is due to reentry, and its incidence has been shown to decrease after dual-site atrial or biatrial pacing. We investigated whether a simpler pacing approach via the distal coronary sinus (CSd) could eliminate AF inducibility by high right atrial (HRA) extrastimuli (APDs). We based our hypothesis on our previous observation that AF inducibility by HRA APDs was associated with conduction delays to the posterior triangle of Koch, whereas AF was never induced with CSd APDs, which were associated with minimal intra-atrial conduction delays. Methods and Results Programmed electrical stimulation was performed from the high right atrium and CSd, and bipolar recordings were obtained from the high right atrium, His bundle, posterior triangle of Koch, and coronary sinus. In 13 patients (age, 44±18 years), AF was reproducibly induced with a critically timed HRA APD (220±22 ms) delivered during HRA pacing. AF was not induced in any of the patients when HRA APDs were delivered during...
Trapping of ions injected from an external source into a three-dimensional quadrupole trap

Abstract The use of quadrupole ion trap to catch ions in flight was investigated numerically. After briefly discussing the principles of ion storage, the number of ions stored in equilibrium and the storage time are presented for different injection conditions. The results of the study show that ion storage for a certain period of time is possible for ions injected into a quadrupole ion trap operated in the radio-frequency mode and also for a trap operated in the combined mode. However, a quadrupole ion trap operated in the Penning mode is not suitable for trapping externally generated ions without an additional decelerating field gradient.
Improving Family Forest Knowledge Transfer through Social Network Analysis

To better engage Maine's family forest landowners our study used social network analysis: a computational social science method for identifying stakeholders, evaluating models of engagement, and targeting areas for enhanced partnerships. Interviews with researchers associated with a research center were conducted to identify how social network analysis could improve knowledge transfer in the researcher–stakeholder relationship. Analysis found a large network of family forest stakeholders and organizations in Maine. We recommended that the research center use this information to enhance its role as a boundary organization, facilitating communication among researchers, stakeholders, and their organizations to better address the wicked problems facing family forests.
Maternal hyperparathyroidism as a cause of neonatal tetany: case report and review of 29 cases of parathyroid adenoma.

VERY few reports of hypocalcemic tetany in the newborn associated with parathyroid overactivity in the mother have appeared in the literature. The first case was that of Friderichsen in 1938, in which medical investigation of a young woman was prompted by the presence of hypocalcemia and tetany in her infant (1). It is interesting that in this instance tetany did not develop until the infant was 5 months old, at which time cow's milk was substituted for breast milk. Only 3 other cases have been recorded, the most recent being that of Walton, in which neonatal tetany occurred in 2 siblings (2, 3). Similar observations have been made after the administration of Parathormone to gravid rats (4). This is a report of neonatal tetany in the third child of a 30-year-old woman whose hyperparathyroidism was unsuspected until almost four years later. CASE HISTORIES R.W., the mother, aged 34, was admitted to the Medical Service of Presbyterian Hospital in April 1953, with a five-year history of polyuria, dysuria, rec...
Urine Collection in the Neonate: Effect of Different Methods on Volume, Specific Gravity, and Glucose

A national survey of 62 intensive care units for newborns showed that disposable diapers and cotton balls on plastic wrap are frequently used to collect urine. This study evaluates the reliability of these two methods. Urine volume, specific gravity, and glucose were measured in urine aspirated from disposable diapers, cotton balls, and controls standing together for 1, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Twenty-one trials were performed at room temperatures and 20 with the addition of a radiant warmer. Volume and specific gravity changes were greatest with the passage of time and especially so where a radiant warmer was used. Disposable diapers and cotton balls are reliable for volume, specific gravity, and glucose determinations in 15 minutes or less after voiding.
Multiple conformations of the nucleotide site of Kinesin family motors in the triphosphate state.

Abstract Identifying conformational changes in kinesin family motors associated with nucleotide and microtubule (MT) binding is essential to determining an atomic-level model for force production and motion by the motors. Using the mobility of nucleotide analog spin probes bound at the active sites of kinesin family motors to monitor conformational changes, we previously demonstrated that, in the ADP state, the open nucleotide site closes upon MT binding [Naber, N., Minehardt, T. J., Rice, S., Chen, X., Grammer, J., Matuska, M., et al. (2003). Closing of the nucleotide pocket of kinesin family motors upon binding to microtubules. Science, 300, 798–801]. We now extend these studies to kinesin-1 (K) and ncd (nonclaret disjunctional protein) motors in ATP and ATP-analog states. Our results reveal structural differences between several triphosphate and transition-state analogs bound to both kinesin and ncd in solution. The spectra of kinesin/ncd in the presence of SLADP•AlFx/BeFx and kinesin, with the mutation E236A (K-E236A; does not hydrolyze ATP) bound to ATP, show an open conformation of the nucleotide pocket similar to that seen in the kinesin/ncd•ADP states. In contrast, the triphosphate analogs K•SLAMPPNP and K-E236A•SLAMPPNP induce a more immobilized component of the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum, implying closing of the nucleotide site. The MT-bound states of all of the triphosphate analogs reveal two novel spectral components. The equilibrium between these two components is only weakly dependent on temperature. Both components have more restricted mobility than observed in MT-bound diphosphate states. Thus, the closing of the nucleotide pocket when the diphosphate state binds to MTs is amplified in the triphosphate state, perhaps promoting accelerated ATP hydrolysis. Consistent with this idea, molecular dynamics simulations show a good correlation between our spectroscopic data, X-ray crystallography, and the electron microscopy of MT-bound triphosphate-analog states.
Transit time, trailing time, and cerebral blood flow during brain activation: Measurement using multislice, pulsed spin-labeling perfusion imaging

Transit time and trailing time in pulsed spin-labeling perfusion imaging are likely to be modulated by local blood flow changes, such as those accompanying brain activation. The majority of transit/trailing time is due to the passage of the tagged blood bolus through the arteriole/capillary regions, because of lower blood flow velocity in these regions. Changes of transit/trailing time during activation could affect the quantification of CBF in functional neuroimaging studies, and are therefore important to characterize. In this work, the measurement of transit and trailing times and CBF during sensorimotor activation using multislice perfusion imaging with pulsed arterial spin-labeling is described. While CBF elevated dramatically (∼80.7%) during the sensorimotor activation, sizable reductions of transit time (∼0.11 sec) and trailing time (∼0.26 sec) were observed. Transit and trailing times were dependent on the distances from the leading and trailing edges of the tagged blood bolus to the location of the imaging slices. The effects of transit/trailing time changes on CBF quantification during brain activation were analyzed by simulation studies. Significant errors can be caused in the estimation of CBF if such changes of transit/trailing time are not taken into account. Magn Reson Med 44:680–685, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
How reliable are the lattice Higgs mass bounds

Abstract I summarize work done with Khalil Bitar1 on computing the lattice Higgs mass bound with three different cutoff schemes. Within the approximations we used, we find a 20–30 percent ambiguity in the mass bound from cutoff effects if the bound is obtained from the region where the correlation length is of order unity in lattice units.
Understanding current trends in family involvement

The overwhelming increase of parental involvement reported by today's college administrators requires a careful understanding of today's parents, their influence, and their expectations.
Synergetic effects of radiation stress and hot-carrier stress on the current gain of npn bipolar junction transistors

The combined effects of ionizing radiation and hot-carrier stress on the current gain of npn bipolar junction transistors were investigated. The analysis was carried out experimentally by examining the consequences of interchanging the order in which the two stress types were applied to identical transistors which were stressed to various levels of damage. The results indicate that the hot-carrier response of the transistor is improved by radiation damage, whereas hot-carrier damage has little effect on subsequent radiation stress. Characterization of the temporal progression of hot-carrier effects revealed that hot-carrier stress acts initially to reduce excess base current and improve current gain in irradiated transistors. PISCES simulations show that the magnitude of the peak electric-field within the emitter-base depletion region is reduced significantly by net positive oxide charges induced by radiation. The interaction of the two stress types is explained in a qualitative model based on the probability of hot-carrier injection determined by radiation damage and on the neutralization and compensation of radiation-induced positive oxide charges by injected electrons. The results imply that a bound on damage due to the combined stress types is achieved when hot-carrier stress precedes any irradiation. >
Comments on slow crack growth of steels in hydrogen and water environments

Pressure and temperature dependence of slow crack growth in hardened steel in gaseous hydrogen environment
Plasma waves in the dayside polar cap boundary layer : Bipolar and monopolar electric pulses and whistler mode waves

We report four different types of plasma waves detected in and near the dayside polar cap boundary layer (PCBL) region at high altitudes (>6 RE). One wave type is narrowband whistler-mode emission at frequencies just below fce (5.5 kHz). These emissions could be locally generated by resonant wave-particle interactions involving an electron beam of ∼100 eV energy. A second type is a low frequency (200–300 Hz) whistler mode wave, which may be locally generated by ∼25 keV electrons or ∼45 keV ions. It is also possible that these latter waves are generated at low altitudes near the ionosphere and then converted from the ion cyclotron mode into whistler-mode during propagation from the generation region to the spacecraft. Two further types of waves are large-amplitude bipolar and monopolar solitary “electrostatic” waves. The bipolar wave structures are possibly generated all along the magnetic field lines in the field-aligned current regions (at all local times). The monopolar structures could be evolved bipolar solitary waves. A one-d schematic is presented to explain the paired monopolar structures as a result of splitting of an electron hole into two parts.
Spiral K‐space MR imaging of cortical activation

Brain function can be mapped with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sensitized to regional changes in blood oxygenation due to cortical activation. Several MR imaging methods, including conventional imaging and echo-planar imaging, have been successfully used for this purpose. The authors investigated spiral k-space MR imaging, implemented with an unmodified 1.5-T clinical imager, for imaging of cortical activation. A gradient-echo, spiral k-space imaging method was used to measure activation in the primary visual cortex (number sequence task), primary motor cortex (fist-clenching task), and prefrontal cortex (verbal fluency task). Comparison of conventional and spiral k-space imaging in the visual and motor cortex, in which signal-to-noise ratio, voxel size, and imaging time were matched, showed that artifacts were reduced with the spiral k-space method, while the area and degree of activation were similar. The number of sections that could be imaged in a fixed time interval was increased by a factor of four with this implementation of spiral k-space imaging compared with conventional imaging.
Simple two-sections model for short channel MOS transistors in saturation

The paper presents a model for short channel MOSFETs based on a new empirical formula for the drain current in saturation. The model guarantees the continuity of the transconductance, the output conductance and its derivatives at the transition from the triode to the saturation region, while taking into account some important second-order effects. The theoretical predictions of the model are found to be in excellent agreement with experimental data.
Novel Self-Organized Structure of a Ag-S Complex on the Ag(111) Surface below Room Temperature

A well-ordered, self-organized dot-row structure appears after adsorption of S on Ag(111) at 200 K. This dot-row motif, which exhibits fixed spacing between dots within rows, is present over a wide range of coverage. The dots are probably Ag3S3 clusters with adsorbed S in the spaces between dots. Dynamic rearrangements are observed. Small domains of aligned dot-rows form during adsorption and grow quickly after adsorption ends. The domains also exhibit large equilibrium fluctuations after adsorption. The dot-row structure disappears reversibly upon heating above 200 K and transforms reversibly to an “elongated island” structure upon cooling below 200 K. DFT supports the assignment of the dots as Ag3S3 trimers and also lends insight into the possible origins of other structures observed in this complex system.
BACTERIAL VIRUS CONTAMINATION OF FETAL BOVINE SERA

Thirty-seven lots of fetal bovine sera were examined for the presence ofEscherichia coli-specific bacterial viruses, and 23 were positive. No correlation was found between the presence of bacterial virus and poor growth-promoting qualities of the sera. One bacterial virus contaminant of fetal bovine serum was isolated and examined by electron microscopy.
The status of online Mendelian inheritance in man (OMIM) medio 1994

During the last year many changes have been introduced into the system of maintaining OMIM. There are three major components of the reorganization. First, a distributed editorial system was introduced which provides a three-tiered editorial board with senior editors, science writers and subject editors. Second, MIM entries have been restructured to provide separate gene and phenotype information and to organize them into separate catalogs. The restructuring also establishes clearly defined sections for entering new information, converts old entries to the new structure, and establishes a file maintenance and editorial system in SGML format. Third, the entry numbering and naming system has been modified. In addition, the information has been made available through a variety of output media, including books, CD-ROM and online access based on the IRx, WAIS, Gopher and WWW formats.
COMPARISON OF MOVEMENT TIMES INVOLVING WRIST AND FOREARM ACTIONS

Previous research by Poole ( 1970) has established that most of the velocity developed in overhead badminton stroking is a function of lower arm mechanics. There has been disagreement as to whether wrist action (flexion and extension) or forearm rotation (pronation and supination) is the best movement to generace racket-head velocity. The purpose of this study was to compare the movement times of simulated racket-stroking actions involving the wrist "snap" technique and forearm rotation. Both forehand and backhand overhead stroke patterns were investigated. Ss were 29 male and 29 female college students who were beginning badminton players. Movement time was measured using a 1/100 sec. timer with a microswitch arrangement. A hinged racket handle was moved through a 120" arc, with che distal end moving 40 in. Measurements for each S were made using four actions: ( 1 ) wrist flexion, ( 2 ) forearm pronation, ( 3 ) wrist extension/ hypertension, ( 4 ) forearm supination. Testing order was rotated from S to S and the average of 5 trials each was used in computations. A test-retest reliability coefficient of .96 was determined in a preliminary study.