cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytologic features of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoid proliferations which affect approximately 2% of organ allograft recipients. Although the histologic features of PTLD are well described, they have been described only rarely in cytologic specimens. The cytomorphologic features of PTLD in body fluid specimens, needle aspirations, and a gastric brushing specimen from seven patients with histologically confirmed PTLD were therefore reviewed. In the cytologic specimens, PTLD was characterized by a mostly polymorphous population of lymphoid cells containing many large transformed lymphocytes, occasional immunoblast-like atypical lymphocytes, necrosis, and, frequently, obvious plasmacytoid differentiation. The presence of EBV was documented in five of the seven cases in the corresponding tissue biopsies. The four patients with PTLD in a body fluid specimen all died within 3 months of detection of the PTLD in the body fluid. The three remaining patients are alive with resolution of PTLD (follow-up of 7, 8, and 14 months). The diagnosis of PTLD should be suggested when cytologic specimens from organ allograft recipients show a polymorphous atypical lymphoid proliferation, frequently with plasmacytoid differentiation and necrosis. Cytologic samples may provide the initial diagnosis of this potentially fatal disease and allow appropriate intervention. The presence of PTLD in a body fluid specimen is a poor prognostic indicator.
Hereditary and acquired p53 gene mutations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Abstract The p53 gene was examined in primary lymphoblasts of 25 pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia by the RNase protection assay and by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis in 23 of 25 cases. p53 mutations were found to occur, but at a low frequency (4 of 25). While all four mutations were identified by single strand conformation polymorphism, the comparative sensitivity of RNase protection was 50% (2 of 4). Heterozygosity was retained at mutated codons in 3 of 4 cases. One pedigree was consistent with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and bone marrow from both diagnosis and remission indicated a germline G to T transversion at codon 272 (valine to leucine). Although members of another family were affected with leukemia, a 2-bp deletion in exon 6 was nonhereditary. The other two nonhereditary p53 mutations included a T to G transversion at codon 270 (phenylalanine to cysteine) and a G to C transversion at codon 248 (arginine to proline). These data support the role of both hereditary and acquired p53 mutations in the pathogenesis and/or progression of some cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Ultrastructure of midgut endocrine cells in the adult mosquito, Aedes aegypti.

Abstract The ultrastructure of endocrine cells in the midgut of the adult mosquito, Aedes aegypti, resembled that of endocrine cells in the vertebrate gastro-intestinal tract. Midgut endocrine cells, positioned basally in the epithelium as single cells, were cone-shaped and smaller than the columnar digestive cells. The most distinctive characteristic of endocrine cells was numerous round secretory granules along the lateral and basal plasma membranes where contents of the granules were released by exocytosis. Secretory granules in each individual cell were exclusively of one type, either solid or ‘haloed’, and for all cells observed, the range in granule diameter was 60–120 nm. The cytoplasm varied in density from clear to dark. Lamellar bodies were prominent in the apical and lateral cellular regions and did not exhibit acid phosphatase activity. The basal plasma membrane was smooth adjacent to the basal lamina, whereas in digestive cells the membrane formed a labyrinth. Some endocrine cells reached the midgut lumen and were capped by microvilli; a system of vesicles and tubules extended from beneath the microvilli to the cell body. An estimated 500 endocrine cells were distributed in both the thoracic and abdominal regions of the adult midgut. In one midgut, we classified a sample of endocrine cells according to cytoplasmic density and granule type and size; endocrine cells with certain types of granules had specific distributions within the midgut.
Phenomenological aspects of infrared imaging in aeronautical research

The various factors leading to obtaining a thermography of an aerodynamic body of interest using an infrared imaging camera are scrutinized. Included is a description of how the various heat transfer mechanisms determine the final surface temperature that may be time dependent even for steady state flows. Some constraining factors of the camera are also discussed. Finally, a method is outlined showing how the infrared imaging of aerodynamic configurations may ultimately evolve as a computational fluid dynamics code validation tool.
Factors Influencing Farmers’ Perceived Values of Solar Houses in China: A Focus Group Study in Chongqing

Solar houses are important for Chinese farmers to improve quality of life. What are the farmers’ perceived values (FPVs)? In this paper, we report a focus group study in Chongqing, China. Four constructs are considered in the FPV model: economic, quality, social and emotional values. The most important construct is the economic value and the second one is the quality value. Between social and emotional values, this study cannot yield the proper ranking for the third and fourth places.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Long-term survival of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer managed with neoadjuvant docetaxel and radical prostatectomy.

Abstract Background Patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa) have worse outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) than patients with more favorable parameters. We conducted a phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel before RP during 2000 to 2003 in patients with locally advanced disease. We report an updated long-term survival analysis of these patients. Material and methods Overall, 28 patients with locally advanced PCa (defined as serum preoperative [initial] prostate-specific antigen level≥15 ng/ml, clinical≥T2b disease, or biopsy Gleason score ≥8) and no evidence of metastatic disease received 6 weekly doses of intravenous docetaxel (40 mg/m 2 ) followed by RP. Disease status was assessed by shared medical records or followed by phone and fax. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) was defined as 2 consecutive prostate-specific antigen level readings≥0.2 ng/ml. A Social Security Death Index search was conducted on all patients to ascertain date of death if unavailable in records. Results In total, 28 patients completed chemotherapy and underwent RP. At a median follow-up of 130 months (range: 37–166 mo), 10 patients (36%) remained alive and disease free clinically and biochemically with no additional therapy, whereas 18 patients (64%) had BCR. The estimated 10-year BCR-free survival is 33.5%, metastasis-free survival is 68.7%, PCa-specific survival is 92.2%, and overall survival is 79.7%. Conclusions The use of neoadjuvant docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced PCa undergoing RP remains undefined. Results from this study are informative but only hypothesis generating given the study was not powered for survival. Mature data from the ongoing CALGB 90203 and GETUG-12 studies will shed light on this clinical question.
Active chaotic excitation for bolted joint monitoring

Recent research has shown that high frequency chaotic excitation and state space reconstruction may be used to identify incipient damage (loss of preload) in a bolted joint. In this study, a new experiment is undertaken with updated test equipment, including a piezostack actuator that allows for precise control of bolt preload. The excitation waveform is applied to a macro-fiber composite (MFC) patch that is bonded to the test structure and is sensed in an active manner using a second MFC patch. A novel prediction error algorithm, based on comparing filtered properties of the guided chaotic waves, is used to determine the damage state of a frame structure and is shown to be highly sensitive to small levels of bolt preload loss. The performance of the prediction error method is compared with standard structural health monitoring damage features that are based on time series analysis using auto-regressive (AR) models.
Partitioning of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds to Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: Experimental Studies and Model Predictions for Surfactant-Enhanced Remediation Applications

Partitioning studies of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) to hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and one-dimensional transport simulations were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using HPCD to remove sorbed HOCs in surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) applications. HOC partitioning to HPCD was very fast, with over 95% of the complexation occurring within 10 min. Some influence of solution chemistry and HOC concentration on HOC−HPCD complex formation coefficients was observed; in general, the magnitude of the effects was similar to that observed previously for a nonionic surfactant (Tween 80) but much less than that for an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS). HPCD sorption on kaolinite as quantified by both a fluorescence technique and total organic carbon measurements was negligible, indicating no significant affinity of HPCD for the solid phase. Although the HOC solubilization capability of HPCD was lower than that of conventional surfactants such as SDS and Tween 80, transport sim...
ON THE SCALING OF HABITAT SPECIFICITY WITH BODY SIZE

Larger species tend to occupy more habitats, but a theoretical framework for the pattern is lacking. I modified the continuous-time logistic equation of population growth in two ways to allow for such a habitat-based theoretical framework. First, I separated birth rate from death rate. Second, I included two new terms in the equation: (1) an explicit spatial variable for habitat quality that reflects the match between a habitat and a population (species–habitat match), and (2) a demand/supply function that depends on the ratio between the energy used by all populations occurring in a habitat, and energy available in that habitat. Energy was used as a common currency to overcome differences between species of different body sizes as well as to overcome differences caused by disproportional intra- and interspecific effects. Allometric relations were used to characterize parameter values that correlate with body size, such as metabolic rate, birth rate, and death rate. The analytical solution of the equation for carrying capacity shows that, for a population to have a positive carrying capacity, its ratio of death rate to birth rate should be less than its match to the habitat it occupies. Literature-based body-size-dependent birth and death rates of Eutherian mammals show that the death-rate:birth-rate ratio decreases with body size. Combining the analytical solution and the death-rate:birth-rate ratio reveals that habitat generality should positively scale with body size. I used this model to simulate simple spatially explicit landscapes having diverse habitats and combinations of species of various body sizes. Using realistic parameters, the model generates results that are consistent with field observations. Thus, one can focus on specific processes to explore macroecological questions.
A Reaction-Diffusion Model for Epidemic Routing in Sparsely Connected MANETs

We propose and investigate a deterministic traveling wave model for the progress of epidemic routing in disconnected mobile ad hoc networks. In epidemic routing, broadcast or unicast is achieved by exploiting mobility: message-carrying nodes "infect" non message-carrying nodes when they come within communication range of them. Early probabilistic analyses of epidemic routing follow a "well-mixed" model which ignores the spatial distribution of the infected nodes, and hence do not provide good performance estimates unless the node density is very low. More recent work has pointed out that the infection exhibits wave-like characteristics, but does not provide a detailed model of the wave propagation. In this paper, we model message propagation using a reaction-diffusion partial differential equation that has a traveling wave solution, and show that the performance predictions made by the model closely match simulations in regimes where the well- mixed model breaks down. In particular, we show that well-mixed models are generally overly optimistic in regard to the scaling of the message delivery delay with problem parameters such as communication range, node density, and total area. In contrast to prior work, our model provides insight into the spatial distribution of the "infection," and reveals that the performance is sensitive to the geometry of the deployment region, not just its area.
Reduction of the wave packet: Preferred observable and decoherence time scale.

Environment-induced destruction of quantum coherence is investigated in a simple model where the system is a harmonic oscillator, the environment is a collection of harmonic oscillators, and the interaction between them is linear in the position coordinate of the system. We study decoherence for initial states consisting of coherent superpositions of two Gaussian wave packets in either position or momentum. A new measure of the effectiveness of decoherence appropriate to the model and choice of initial conditions is proposed. By studying the dependence of the decoherence rate on the location of the initial peaks of the Wigner function, we clarify the sense in which position is a preferred observable even though position eigenstates are not the pointer states of this model. We analyze decoherence in the low-temperature regime and show that the usual "high-temperature" approximation is remarkably accurate in its domain of applicability. We also examine the relationship between the decoherence process and the frequency distribution of the environment oscillators (in particular, we focus attention on a specific "supra-Ohmic" environment). Implications of our results for the quantum to classical transition in various contexts are briefly explored.
The Impact of Automation on Error Detection: Some Results from a Visual Discrimination Task

A dynamic decision-making task was designed for microcomputer that allowed subjects to operate in either a manual mode, or an automatic mode. Nine subjects performed in a repeated measures design t...
Tractable Goal Selection for Embedded Systems with Oversubscribed Resources

We describe an efficient, online goal selection algorithm and its use for selecting goals at runtime. Our focus is on the replanning that must be performed in a timely manner on the embedded system where computational resources are limited (as in many aerospace systems). In particular, our algorithm generates near optimal solutions to problems with fully specified goal requests that can oversubscribe available resources but have no temporal flexibility. By using a fast, incremental algorithm, goal selection can be postponed in a “justin-time” fashion allowing requests to be changed or added at the last minute. This enables shorterresponsecyclesandgreaterautonomyforthesystemundercontrol.Weshowthatthe averagecasecomplexityforupdatingthegoalssetisO(N lgN)andruntimeexecutionisO(N). We perform an empirical analysis on both synthetic data and space operations mission-like scenarios that confirm these performance characteristics. Finally, we show that scaling these performance figures to existing, very limited onboard spacecraft embedded environments (a Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter like environment) appears feasible.
The religious field and the path-dependent transformation of popular politics in the Anglo-American world, 1770–1840

This article examines the formative influence of the organizational field of religion on emerging modern forms of popular political mobilization in Britain and the United States in the early nineteenth century when a transition towards enduring campaigns of extended geographical scale occurred. The temporal ordering of mobilization activities reveals the strong presence of religious constituencies and religious organizational models in the mobilizatory sequences that first instituted a mass-produced popular politics. Two related yet analytically distinct generative effects of the religious field can be discerned. First, in both cases the transition toward modern forms of popular mobilization was driven by the religious institutionalization of organizational forms of centralized voluntarism that facilitated extensive collective action. Second, the adoption of different varieties of the same organizational forms led to important divergences. The spread in the United States of societies for moral reformation—in contrast to their non-survival in Britain—steered popular politics there towards a more moralistic framing of public issues. These findings indicate the importance of the organizational field of religion for the configuration of modern forms of popular collective action and confirm the analytical importance of religion’s organizational aspects for the study of collective action.
Model-based analysis of cortical recording with silicon microelectrodes.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to use computational modeling to better understand factors that impact neural recordings with silicon microelectrodes used in brain–machine interfaces. Methods A non-linear cable model of a layer V pyramidal cell was coupled with a finite-element electric field model with explicit representation of the microelectrode. The model system enabled analysis of extracellular neural recordings as a function of the electrode contact size, neuron position, edema, and chronic encapsulation. Results The model predicted spike waveforms and amplitudes that were consistent with experimental recordings. Small ( 2 ) and large (10kμm 2 ) electrode contacts had similar volumes of recording sensitivity, but small contacts exhibited higher signal amplitudes (∼50%) when neurons were in close proximity (50μm) to the electrode. The model results support the notion that acute edema causes a signal decrease (∼24%), and certain encapsulation conditions can result in a signal increase (∼17%), a mechanism that may contribute to signal increases observed experimentally in chronic recordings. Conclusions Optimal electrode design is application-dependent. Small and large contact sizes have contrasting recording properties that can be exploited in the design process. In addition, the presence of local electrical inhomogeneities (encapsulation, edema, coatings) around the electrode shank can substantially influence neural recordings and requires further theoretical and experimental investigation. Significance Thought-controlled devices using cortical command signals have exciting therapeutic potential for persons with neurological deficit. The results of this study provide the foundation for refining and optimizing microelectrode design for human brain–machine interfaces.
Seismic tests on precast segmental concrete columns with unbonded tendons

Four unbonded post-tensioned precast segmental concrete columns were subjected to pseudostatic simulated lateral seismic loading in the Charles Lee Powell Structural Research Laboratories at the University of California at San Diego. The influence of parameters including steel jacket confinement, prestress level, and column aspect ratio on column force – deformation characteristics, energy dissipation, damage level, and failure mode was studied. To investigate prestress influence and damage repairability, each column was tested twice: the first test with a given prestress level and a second test, subsequent to column repair, with higher initial prestressing. Shear keys were not provided at segment interfaces, and thus shear was transferred by a friction mechanism. Ductile flexural response was observed in all tests, and maximum column drift levels of 4 – 6% were achieved. Damage included minor concrete crushing at the interface of column and footing, steel jacket inelastic straining, and residual drift on...
Primary afferent neurones: the ionic mechanism of GABA-mediated depolarization.

Abstract Similar to their terminals, the cell bodies of primary afferent neurones of the bullfrog were depolarized by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA); eight GABA analogues and related amino acids were either less or ineffective. The GABA-depolarization was blocked by picrotoxin and bicuculline and its equilibrium potential was dependent upon the external chloride concentration.
Surface Concentrations of Manganese Nodules

MANGANESE nodules were investigated during the Downwind Expedition, a part of the International Geophysical Year programme of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California. Attempts were made to collect bottom photographs, cores and dredge hauls in the same areas, to measure the distribution at the surface and in depth, and to obtain large samples for physical and chemical analysis.
IMPACT OF LOCAL BURNUP ON PREDICTION OF POWER DENSITY IN THE NIST RESEARCH REACTOR

This study addresses the overprediction of local power when the burnup distribution in each half-element of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) research reactor, known as the NBSR, is assumed to be uniform—a constraint in the full-core model used for neutronic analysis. A single-element model was utilized to quantify the impact of axial and platewise burnup on the power distribution within the NBSR fuel elements for both high-enriched uranium (HEU) and (proposed) low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel. To validate this approach, key parameters in the single-element model were compared to parameters from an equilibrium core model, specifically, neutron energy spectrum, power distribution, and integral 235 U vector. The power distribution changes significantly when incorporating local burnup effects and has lower power peaking relative to the uniform burnup case. In the uniform burnup case, the axial relative power peaking is overpredicted by as much as 59% in the HEU single element and 46% in the LEU single element. In the uniform burnup case, the platewise power peaking is overpredicted by as much as 23% in the HEU single element and 18% in the LEU single element. The degree of overprediction increases as a function of burnup cycle, with the greatest overprediction at the end of fuel element life. However, the overprediction in local power is always conservative in terms of the minimum critical heat flux ratio, a key safety parameter that depends on the local heat flux condition. The thermal flux peak is always in the midplane gap; this causes the local cumulative burnup near the midplane gap to be significantly higher than the fuel element average. Uniform burnup distribution throughout a half-element also causes a bias in fuel element reactivity worth particularly near end of life, primarily due to the importance of the fissile inventory in the midplane gap region. Despite this bias, comparisons of cycle length exhibit very good agreement between the core model with uniform burnup and the NBSR, which has many decades of operational experience with HEU fuel. Note: Some figures in this technical note may be in color only in the electronic version.
Evaluating the effectiveness of hypothesis-based digital learning games in high school science curriculum

One of the more intriguing areas in game-based learning is the phenomenon of gaming and its impact and potential in education. As most dissertation work evolves, my topic area is still broad and is focused on the effectiveness of learning in games designed for high school science students. Though much previously performed research indicates that games increase engagement of students and that students view this method of learning favorably, current research indicates that hypothesis-based games and games that are incorporated as part of the teacher's curriculum may separately have a greater impact on student learning. The proposed research will examine the impact these two variables, hypothesis-based games and games that are incorporated into the curriculum, have on learning. Specifically, the research method will examine the differences in the effectiveness of learning without games, learning with games that are hypothesis-based and that are not incorporated into the instructional curriculum, learning with games that are not hypothesis-based that are incorporated into the instructional curriculum, and learning with games that are hypothesis-based and incorporated into the learning curriculum. Control and treatment groups will be used in this experimental study.
Comparative reactivity of caking and non-caking coals under coprocessing conditions☆

Abstract Coprocessing reactions were carried out on a suite of five coals ranging in rank from subbituminous B to high-volatile bituminous using three petroleum residua. The reactions were conducted at 350, 400, and 450°C under hydrogen, with 2:1 residua-to-coal ratio, and without catalyst. Conversions were determined on the basis of THF-insoluble solids. Residues were characterized by optical microscopy and solid state 13C NMR. The results indicate a better reactivity of caking coals for coprocessing reactions under these conditions, and a relationship between the thermoplastic properties of the coals and their reactivity. The morphology of the particles in the solid residue is defined by the thermoplastic properties of the coal while the aromaticity and hence, the chemical structure of the solids are often defined by the petroleum residuum. The behavior and role of the petroleum residuum changes with the temperature of reaction. The interactions between the coal and the petroleum residuum particles are both physical and chemical. Their interplay is determined by the reaction temperature and the structural nature of the feedstock.
Evaluation of current criteria used to measure vitamin B12 levels.

Abstract Because of recent improvements in the serum vitamin B 12 assay, literature criteria based on prior assay methods used in measuring B 12 levels were evaluated. Of 1,708 B 12 levels measured at Bellevue Hospital in a six-month period, 137 in 124 patients were below 200 pg/ ml. Contrary to expectations, 81.6 percent of patients with low B 12 levels had a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) below 95 fl. Literature-derived criteria missed 30 percent of patients with low B 12 levels. Only three of 12 patients with megaloblastic bone marrow or an abnormal Schilling result had B 12 levels that were low (below 100 pg/ml), and nine had values in an intermediate range (100 to 200 pg/ml). This suggests that the use of an MCV below 95 fl and a B 12 level below 100 pg/ml as abnormal values may not detect clinically important B 12 deficiency.
Synchrotron X-ray structure refinement of Zn/sub 4/Sb/sub 3/

The structure of the thermoelectric Zn/sub 4/Sb/sub 3/ is refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data collected at wavelengths both near to and relatively far from the Zn adsorption edge. In agreement with earlier studies, the compound crystallized in a trigonal structure, space group R~3c with a = 12.2406(3)/spl Aring/, c = 12.4361(3)/spl Aring/ at room temperature, and there are three primary sites in the asymmetric unit. Each site contains only one atomic species, in contrast to many previous studies. The primary Zn (36f) site is slightly less than fully occupied, whereas the two Sb sites (18e and 12c) are fully occupied. In addition, several Zn interstitial sites (36f) with low occupancies (>5%) are also present. The results are in agreement with the model proposed by Snyder, as opposed to that originally proposed by Mayer and more recently by Mozharivskyj. The refined site occupancies yield an overall stoichiometry which is consistent with that measured experimentally. The presence of interstitial Zn can be understood in terms of charge balance requirements and is likely responsible for the exceptionally low thermal conductivity of this material.
ELECTRON TRANSFER. 128. RATE ENHANCEMENTS BY DONOR SULFUR IN HEXADENTATE LIGANDS

The cobalt(III) complexes of the hexadentate N2S2O2-coordinating ligand, 1,8-N-disalicylidene-3,6-dithiaoctane-1,8-diamine (III) and its 3,6-diaza N4O2-coordinating analog (IV) adopt structures of ...
Mineralization of Articular Cartilage in the Sprague-Dawley Rat: Characterization and Mechanical Analysis

The formation of mineralized deposits in human articular cartilage is a common occurrence [1–4]; however, the relationship between mineral deposition and material properties of the articular cartilage is not well understood nor the relationship between mineral deposition and the development of degenerative joint disease. Several different crystalline structures have been identified in articular cartilage and synovial fluid including monosodium urate, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD), and basic calcium phosphates (BCPs). These distinct mineral phases are associated with specific pathologies and mechanisms of crystal formation such as the development of monosodium urate in gout and CPPD in pseudogout. Less is known regarding the deposition of BCPs, a class of compounds including carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite (cHA), tricalcium phosphates (TCP), octacalcium phosphate (OCP), and whitlockite, in articular cartilage. The presence of BCP calcification of articular cartilage in humans has been associated with decreased joint function [1, 3], aging [2] and severity of osteoarthritis [1, 3]. Commonly used methods of crystal detection such as polarized light microscopy of synovial fluid and conventional radiography of the joint can be insensitive to the detection of BCP crystals and more sensitive techniques such as microradiography or electron microscopy of articular cartilage sections are required to detect areas of BCP mineralization [3, 5, 6]. It is not yet known how regions of mineralization may influence the tribological properties (friction, wear, and lubrication) of the articulating surfaces and the material and structural properties of articular cartilage. Animal models with which to study the mechanisms of mineralization of articular cartilage are limited.
Graphene enhanced wireless sensors

In this paper we demonstrate the design and development of a family of low-cost, self-powered, wireless sensor solutions utilizing both analog and digital principles. The sensors will utilize Graphene-based thin films integrated directly into the structure. For an immediately deployable digital sensing solution compatible with current commercial technologies we will utilize the Intel WISP platform, which can be read with current COTS products. Our thin films are produced from water-based, inkjet printed graphene oxide (GO) on paper/Kapton, developed using both conventional thermal and laser reduction techniques. In addition to reporting the first ever integration of inkjet-printed water soluble GO inks into low cost, flexible RF electronics, we also bring gas sensing capabilities to RFID tags relying on purely wireless digital transmission. The introduction of low cost, mass producible, eco-friendly, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) films on paper substrates lays the foundation for the development of a wide range of new low-cost, high performance Graphene-based electronic devices.
Endocrine Disruptors and Hypospadias: Role of Genistein and the Fungicide Vinclozolin

OBJECTIVES The phytoestrogen (plant estrogen) genistein, present in soy products, is of interest because in utero exposure to genistein can cause hypospadias in our mouse model and maternal consumption of soy is prevalent in human populations. Another compound of interest is the fungicide vinclozolin, which also causes hypospadias in the mouse and rat and can occur concurrently with genistein in the diet as a residue on exposed foods. A study in the United Kingdom found no relationship between a maternal organic vegetarian diet and hypospadias frequency, but women who consumed nonorganic vegetarian diets had a greater percentage of sons with hypospadias. Because nonorganic diets can include residues of pesticides such as vinclozolin, we sought to assess the interaction of realistic daily exposures to genistein and vinclozolin and their effects on the incidence of hypospadias. METHODS Pregnant mice were fed a soy-free diet and orally gavaged from gestational days 13 to 17 with 0.17 mg/kg/day of genistein, 10 mg/kg/day of vinclozolin, or genistein and vinclozolin together at the same doses, all in 100 μL of corn oil. The controls received the corn oil vehicle. The male fetuses were examined at gestational day 19 for hypospadias, both macroscopically and histologically. RESULTS We identified no hypospadias in the corn oil group. The incidence of hypospadias was 25% with genistein alone, 42% with vinclozolin alone, and 41% with genistein and vinclozolin together. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the idea that exposure to these compounds during gestation could contribute to the development of hypospadias.
Electromagnetic scattering from arbitrary configurations of wires

A general formulation is presented for the treatment of electromagnetic scattering from an arbitrary configuration of thin wires. A system of integral equations is derived for obtaining the currents in the wires.
Developing an engineering and entrepreneurship collaborative project

At the University of Oklahoma, students from most engineering disciplines take a course titled ENGR 2002 — Professional Development. One of the four projects in the course requires each team to come up with an engineering solution to a market problem. At the conclusion of this project, the students pitch their idea to entrepreneurship experts and communicate why their idea is worthy of an investment. Following the presentation the students are asked challenging questions that stretch their understanding of the entrepreneurship process and are given guidance and feedback. In order to provide the students with the entrepreneurship knowledge to complete this project, non-engineering faculty and entrepreneurship experts provide support. This paper will look at one particular collaborative assignment that originated in the spring 2014 semester. The assignment requires students in a graduate level entrepreneurship course to study the initial ideas that the engineering students in ENGR 2002 produce and provide feedback. This paper provides a detailed description of this collaborative assignment and other entrepreneurship activities that are taking place in ENGR 2002. The effectiveness of the collaborative effort is assessed using survey data from the students' perceived value in the project and increased entrepreneurial activity from the engineering students.
Unilateral battery depletion in Parkinson's disease patients treated with bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation may require urgent surgical replacement

We describe 2 patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) treated with bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in whom unilateral stimulator battery depletion resulted in the r
Dolomites Formed Under Deep Burial Conditions: Hunton Group Carbonate Rocks (Upper Ordovician to Lower Devonian) in Deep Anadarko Basin of Oklahoma and Texas: ABSTRACT

Petrographic and geochemical study of cores and cuttings from 25 boreholes ranging in depth from near surface to 30,000 ft (9.1 km) of the Hunton Group (Upper Ordovician to Lower Devonian), in the deep Anadarko basin of Oklahoma and the Texas panhandle, shows progressive burial diagenesis with increased depth. Limestone conformably overlying shale has been diagenetically altered to dolomite, commonly ferroan, chiefly below current depths of 10,000 ft (3.0 km). The dolomite occurs as finely disseminated, 10 µm and larger rhombic crystals, and is most abundant near the base of the Hunton Group, particularly where an oolite unit overlies the thick marine Sylvan Shale inferred to be the chief source of Fe2+ and Mg2+ ions. Dolomite crystals are euhedral above about 10,000 ft (3 km). Below 10,000 ft, more complete dolomitization of the oolite produced hypidiotopic and xenotopic textures. Fluids associated with hydrocarbon migration (following dolomitization) dissolved the nonreplaced calcite, thereby creating intercrystalline and moldic porosity. X-ray diffraction verifies a trend of higher dolomite concentrations in the same oolite horizon with increasing depth. Oolite samples from outcrop lack dolomite (100% CaCO3); cores from 9,200 ft (2.8 km) are about 25% dolomite; and cores and cuttings from 15,000 ft (4.6 km) and below are +85% dolomite. Radioisotope-induced x-ray fluorescence shows that dolomites below 10,000 ft (3 km) are iron enriched relative to both nondolomitized oolite and dolomites of surface origin. We therefore conclude that dolomite has formed under deep burial conditions. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1317------------
Turn Your Radio On: Brailey Odham's 1952 "Talkathon" Campaign for Florida Governor

(2004). Turn Your Radio On: Brailey Odham’s 1952 “Talkathon” Campaign for Florida Governor. The Historian: Vol. 66, No. 4, pp. 701-729.
High performance liquid chromatography assay for piroxicam in pharmaceutical products

A high performance liquid chromatographic assay for piroxicam in pharmaceutical preparations is described. The method uses a reversed-phase C18 column with pH 3 aqueous buffer/methanol, 55:45, v/v mobile phase, and is selective for piroxicam in the presence of other "oxicams," synthetic precursors, by-products, degradation products, metabolites, and related compounds. Applications to capsules, tablets, ointments, suppositories, ophthalmic suspensions, and rodent feeds are cited.
Iridoid glycosides and insect feeding preferences: gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar, Lymantriidae) and buckeyes (Junonia coenia, Nymphalidae)

. 1. The effect of increasing concentrations of an iridoid glycoside, catalposide, was tested on a generalist and an adapted specialist lepidopteran, using artificial diets. 2. Two strains of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lymantriidae), were tested. Larvae of a wild strain showed a negative dose-dependent response to increasing concentrations of catalposide (up to 7.2% dry weight), while a laboratory strain showed no such pattern. Choice tests using the laboratory strain showed that these larvae often preferred diets relatively low in catalposide over those with higher concentrations. 3. In contrast, larvae of the iridoid glycoside specialist, the buckeye, Junonia coenia Hubner (Nymphalidae), showed a positive dose-dependent response and grew better on diets with higher doses of catalposide. 4. We tested whether the improved growth of J. coenia at higher concentrations of catalposide may have been due to extra glucose yielded by hydrolysis of catalposide. Larvae were fed increasing doses of glucose equivalent to the amount potentially obtained by hydrolysing the quantities of catalposide used in the previous experiment. However, added glucose did not effect growth, suggesting that increased growth at higher catalposide concentrations was due to increased feeding rates.
Objectives of International Training in Agricultural Economics

Q. "You have been sarcastic about what you call technocratic optimism. Does this mean that you don't put much store in the use of modem technology in the underdeveloped countries? Particularly, do you think the so-called green revolution cannot have a significant effect?" A. "I can tell you a story. I once visited a great university here with a glorious agricultural school located in one of the most glorious agricultural districts of America. There were a hundred Pakistani and Indian students present and they wanted to see me. When we met, I said: 'What are you doing here? There is nothing you can learn here that you can possibly apply back home among your mud houses in the villages.' And they appeared to agree with me. Conditions in the poor countries are vastly different from those here. Climate. Factor proportions. Social Relations. The technology they need is different from ours. Of course it should be modern, built on the latest scientific discoveries, but it has to fit their conditions."
Modulation of the global atmospheric circulation by combined activity in the Madden-Julian oscillation and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation during boreal winter.

Abstract Composite global patterns associated with the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) are frequently applied to help make predictions of weather around the globe at lead times beyond a few days. However, ENSO modulates the background states through which the MJO and its global response patterns propagate. This paper explores the possibility that nonlinear variations confound the combined use of composites based on the MJO and ENSO separately. Results indicate that when both modes are active at the same time, the associated patterns in the global flow are poorly represented by simple linear combinations of composites based on the MJO and ENSO individually. Composites calculated by averaging data over periods when both modes are present at the same time more effectively describe the associated weather patterns. Results reveal that the high-latitude response to the MJO varies with ENSO over all longitudes, but especially across the North Pacific Rim, North America...
CIM architecture - An industry perspective

Currently the computer systems supporting manufacturing constitute several "islands of automation", each oriented to a particular application solution. Customers are desirous of integrating or consolidating these islands of automation into compatible systems. This integration can be achieved only by implementing solutions which function as parts of an overall system. Applications solutions must be designed to work together, and the system environments in which they are installed must support inter-operability of the applications.
EMI terminal modelling of dc-fed motor drives

A three-terminal noise-model has been shown earlier to predict the common-mode noise currents at the input and output side of a dc-fed motor-drive system. Accuracy of this model was found to be good up to 30 MHz. The DO-160 standards for aerospace applications however are based on total noise and hence simulations based on common-mode model alone are inadequate for EMC compliance. This paper proposes simple terminal models to predict the differential mode noise currents in a motor-drive system. In the end, predictions from the common and differential mode models will be combined to estimate the total noise at the input and output side of the motor-drive system. The proposed method is validated with experiments.
Santa Monica and Santa Ana Mountains--Relation to Oligocene Santa Barbara Basin

An analysis of the stratigraphy and structure of the Santa Monica and Santa Ana Mountains demonstrates a close affinity between the two, one that can be explained only by a much closer original geographic relation of the two ranges. The Santa Monica Mountain block, bounded by the Malibu Coast fault on the south and the Las Posas fault on the north, began a westward movement across the ancestral basin during the Luisian stage of the middle Miocene. Approximately 33 mi (53 km) of left-lateral displacement took place prior to the Mohnian stage of the upper Miocene, breaking the original basin into the separate Ventura and Los Angeles basins joined by a San Fernando subbasin. This displacement took place in no more than 2.5 m.y. at a minimum rate of movement of 0.8 in. (2 cm) year. Four mi (6.4 km) of post-Mohnian left-lateral displacement subsequently occurred. The magnitude of displacement is determined by projecting the Santa Ana Mountains parallel with the San Andreas direction, to a point of intersection with the Raymond fault, and then by matching similar stratigraphy on opposite sides of the fault. Restoration of the Santa Monica Mountains block to its pre-Luisian location, combined with the addition of known thicknesses of sections of the Sespe Formation, permits the construction of original Sespe isopachs and the reconstruction of the Oligocene basin, herein called the Santa Barbara basin. This basin was bounded, south of the present Ventura basin and west of the present Los Angeles basin, by a positive Franciscan area, the Anacapia of Reed and Hollister. The Luisian orogeny, responsible for the westward rifting of the Santa Monica Mountains, also produced the breakup of Anacapia, and exerted the most profound influence on southern California geology of any Cenozoic event.
Comparison of breeding bird and vegetation communities in primary and secondary forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Abstract We compared breeding bird communities and vegetation characteristics at paired point locations in primary (undisturbed) and mature secondary forest (70–100 years old) sites in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA to understand how sites logged prior to creation of the park compare to undisturbed sites following 70 years of protection from human disturbance. We found that bird and vegetation communities are currently similar, but retain some differences in species composition. Rank abundance curves for primary and secondary forest bird communities showed very similar patterns of species dominance. Species composition was also similar on the two sites which shared 24 of the 25 most frequently recorded species. Nonetheless, comparisons of density estimates derived from distance sampling showed three bird species were more abundant on primary forest sites and that one bird species was significantly more abundant on secondary forest sites. Notably, comparisons based on raw counts (unadjusted for potential differences in detectability) produced somewhat different results. Analyses of vegetation samples for the paired sites also showed relative similarity, but with some differences between primary and secondary forests. Primary forest sites had more large trees (trees greater than 50 cm diameter at breast height) and late successional species. Primary forest sites had a denser tall shrub layer while secondary forest sites had a denser canopy layer. Nonetheless, tree species richness, basal area of live trees and number of standing snags did not differ between primary and secondary forest sites. Results indicate that breeding bird communities on sites within the park that were logged commercially 70 years ago are currently quite similar to bird communities on sites with no history of human disturbance. Similarities between the bird communities on previously disturbed and undisturbed sites in Great Smoky Mountains National Park may exceed those on more fragmented landscapes because large patches of primary forest, adjacent to commercially logged sites, remained in the park when it was established in 1935. These patches of primary forest may have served as source areas for commercially logged sites.
Design study of micromachined thermal emitters for NDIR gas sensing in the 9-12 μm wavelength range

We present a design study aimed at fabricating micromachined thermal emitters for infrared gas sensing with high emission efficiency in the 9-12 μm wavelength range. In order to achieve high optical radiance with relatively low power consumption and possibility of fast thermal modulation, a technology based on dielectric membranes composed by stacked silicon oxide and nitride with platinum heaters is adopted, that guarantees good thermal isolation and reduced thermal mass. The dielectric stack adopted is composed in such a way that its emissivity is enhanced in the wavelength range of concern and an optimized design of the emitter geometry is proposed based on finite element thermal simulations. Some preliminary experimental results are presented about the optical properties of the structural layer and its medium-term reliability when operated with Pt heaters at a temperature around 600°C.