cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The surveillant consumer

We argue that modern technical and social infrastructures of surveillance have brought a novel subject position to prominence: the surveillant consumer. Surveillance has become a normalized mode of interpersonal relation that urges the person as consumer to manage others around her using surveillant products and services. We explore two configurations of this model: the consumer as observer, effectuated through products for use in the supervision of intimate relations as a component of a normalized duty of care; and the consumer as manager, effectuated through capacities for the customer to manage the labor of workers providing services to her. These models frequently intersect and hybridize as market logics overlap with intimate spheres: the surveillant consumer thus acts as an emotional manager of the experience of everyday surveillance. In turn, this managerial role reifies the equation of financial wealth with moral weight in a hierarchy of oversight, giving the wealthiest the most control and least a...
Arising from Dreams of Thee

Robert Allerton’s patronage of gay artists, including Alexander Robertson James, the writer’s youngest nephew.
Utilization of a Clinical Decision Support Tool to Reduce Child Tobacco Smoke Exposure in the Urgent Care Setting.

Background Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) may facilitate caregiver tobacco screening and counseling by pediatric urgent care (UC) nurses. Objective This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a CDSS to address caregivers' tobacco use and child tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). Methods We conducted a 3-month prospective study on caregivers screened using a CDSS. Nurses used the CDSS to advise, assess, and assist caregivers to quit. We assessed caregiver sociodemographics, smoking habits, and child TSE. Results We screened 185 caregivers whose children were exposed to TSE for study inclusion; 155 (84%) met the eligibility criteria, and 149 (80.5%) were included in the study. Study nurses advised 35.2% of the caregivers to quit, assessed 35.9% for readiness to quit, and assisted 32.4%. Of the 149 participants, 83.1% were female; 47.0% were white and 45.6% African American; 84.6% had public insurance or were self-pay; 71.1% were highly nicotine dependent; 50.0% and 50.7% allowed smoking in the home and car, respectively; and 81.3% of children were biochemically confirmed to be exposed to tobacco smoke. At follow-up (86.6% retention), 58.9% reported quit attempts at 3 months. There was a significant decrease in nicotine dependence and a significant increase in motivation to quit. Self-reported quit rate was 7.8% at 3 months. Conclusions An electronic health record-embedded CDSS was feasible to incorporate into busy UC nurses' workloads and was associated with encouraging changes in the smoking behavior of caregivers. More research on the use of CDSS to screen and counsel caregivers who smoke in the UC and other acute care settings is warranted.
Linking Electronic Health Record and Trauma Registry Data: Assessing the Value of Probabilistic Linkage.

Background Electronic health record (EHR) systems contain large volumes of novel heterogeneous data that can be linked to trauma registry data to enable innovative research not possible with either data source alone. Objective This article describes an approach for linking electronically extracted EHR data to trauma registry data at the institutional level and assesses the value of probabilistic linkage. Methods Encounter data were independently obtained from the EHR data warehouse (n = 1,632) and the pediatric trauma registry (n = 1,829) at a Level I pediatric trauma center. Deterministic linkage was attempted using nine different combinations of medical record number (MRN), encounter identity (ID) (visit ID), age, gender, and emergency department (ED) arrival date. True matches from the best performing variable combination were used to create a gold standard, which was used to evaluate the performance of each variable combination, and to train a probabilistic algorithm that was separately used to link records unmatched by deterministic linkage and the entire cohort. Additional records that matched probabilistically were investigated via chart review and compared against records that matched deterministically. Results Deterministic linkage with exact matching on any three of MRN, encounter ID, age, gender, and ED arrival date gave the best yield of 1,276 true matches while an additional probabilistic linkage step following deterministic linkage yielded 110 true matches. These records contained a significantly higher number of boys compared to records that matched deterministically and etiology was attributable to mismatch between MRNs in the two data sets. Probabilistic linkage of the entire cohort yielded 1,363 true matches. Conclusion The combination of deterministic and an additional probabilistic method represents a robust approach for linking EHR data to trauma registry data. This approach may be generalizable to studies involving other registries and databases.
A Copper(II) tris-imidazolylphosphine complex as a functional model of flavonol 2,4-dioxygenase

Abstract Reaction of tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) perchlorate ([Cu(NCCH3)4][ClO4]), tris-1-ethyl-4-methylimidazolylphosphine (T1Et4MeIP) (1) and 3-hydroxyflavone (flavH) under ambient conditions produces an in-situ generated flavonol bound copper(II) complex, which converts to a stable green complex that formulates to [Cu(T1Et4MeIP)(flav)][ClO4] (2). The crystal structure of 2 was determined by X-ray diffraction and crystallizes in a triclinic system (P 1 ¯ ) with unit cell dimensions of a = 14.537(15) A, b = 15.794(14) A, c = 17.044(17) A, α = 65.58(3)˚, β = 86.80(5)˚, γ = 73.34(4)˚, V = 3376(6) A3 and Z = 2. While the five-coordinate copper(II) complex is stable under ambient conditions in the solid state, it undergoes oxidative scission of the flavonol pyrone ring under photolytic (300 nm) and/or thermal (120 °C) conditions in the presence of molecular oxygen. The degradative process produces the corresponding methylated products: methylbenzoate, methyl salicylate and N,N-dimethylbenzamide. In addition, the previously undisclosed single crystal X-ray structure of tris-1-ethyl-4-methylimidazolylphosphine (1), T1Et4MeIP, is also reported.
Alcohol Marketing and Promotion

Alcohol use is the leading cause of death and disability for 15–24-year-olds in much of the world, and delaying initiation into alcohol use is an important public health goal. At least 25 longitudinal studies have documented associations between youth exposure to alcohol marketing and youth alcohol use, both initiation and progression to more hazardous patterns of drinking. Research into specific brands of alcohol consumed by youth in the USA has provided additional evidence of the possible influence of marketing on youth drinking: young people do not drink the same brands as adults, they do not drink the least expensive brands or those easiest for them to obtain, and they are significantly more likely to drink the brands to whose advertising and marketing they have been exposed. Alcohol industry self-regulation has failed to protect youth either from simple exposure or from advertising content that is appealing to young people. Global and regional public health recommendations encourage countries to consider restricting alcohol advertising and marketing to the extent constitutionally possible. In the USA, while legal protections for commercial speech limit the feasibility of advertising and marketing restrictions, there are numerous steps that states could be taking to reduce youth exposure to such marketing. Given the risks to health posed by youth alcohol use, and substantial evidence of an association between youth exposure and alcohol marketing and youth alcohol use, governments at all levels should consider restricting and reducing alcohol marketing to protect young people.
chapter 1 – Grid Computing

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a brief introduction to Grid computing. This chapter allows to better understand the relevance of OGSA and WSRF in the Grid universe. The definitions of Grid computing are just like resources on a Grid: numerous and heterogeneous. One of the best definitions out there is Ian Foster's What is the Grid? A Three Point Checklist. Although, as Ian himself points out in the paper, the checklist still leaves room for debate, it nonetheless provides a concise and straightforward definition. A brief introduction to Grid computing has been provided in this chapter, but only enough to understand how OGSA and WSRF are relevant to Grid computing. The two main ideas that should be kept in mind are (1) that Grid systems involve heterogeneous resources from different organizations, and (2) that coordinating all these resources is non-trivial and involves a lot of different services such as job schedulers, resource managers, and information services.
Deuteron-deuteron elastic and three- and four-body breakup scattering using the Faddeev-Yakubovskii equations

The deuteron-deuteron elastic and three- and four-body breakup scattering cross section have been calculated using the Faddeev-Yakubovskii (FY) chain-of-partition momentum-space equations. In this calculation the initial two-cluster potential is split into separable and nonseparable components, and the effective potential is reduced to elastic two-body and three- and four-body breakup open channels and a closed-channel many-body contribution. The closed-channel contribution is determined by minimizing a variational bound. The Coulomb interaction was included by expanding the initial and final Coulomb states in a Coulomb-Sturmian basis. The three sets of chain-of-partition integral equations were solved for the elastic and three- and four-body breakup scattering amplitudes. The calculations were performed for the $S=2\mathrm{spin}/L=0$ angular-momentum state. The elastic and double-breakup calculations were performed for energies up to $E=5.48\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}$, while the single-breakup calculations were performed for energies up to $E=4.17\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}$. In the case of elastic scattering, the calculated scattering length of ${}^{5}{a}_{dd}=7.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ fm is in good agreement with a FY cluster reduction calculation. The calculated phase shift is smaller than that predicted by the resonating group model and this difference is believed to be due to the differences in the potential and calculation methods. The breakup cross sections were calculated as a function of initial deuteron momentum and fragmented-deuteron momentum. The $d+d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d+n+p$ cross sections were compared with neutron yield measurements and, while the measurements also included the $Lg0$ components, the general features were consistent. Estimates of the calculational uncertainties/bias are provided.
Anomalous pressure-dependence in surface-modified silicon-derived nanoparticles

Surfaces can significantly alter the optical properties of nanomaterials, but they are difficult to control and their roles are hard to understand in highly reactive materials such as silicon nanomaterials. In this work, we investigate the role of the surface in controlling the optical transitions in highly luminescent silicon-derived nanoparticles. By combining high-pressure and low-temperature experiments, we experimentally correlate the anomalously intense and narrow transitions in the UV range with the surface oxides, while the visible transition and the photoluminescence (PL) are verified to originate from the Si-ligand charge transfer band. We find that the high-pressure absorption and PL depends on the rigidity of the surface ligand. This indicates that the surface plays a dominant role on the optical properties of these silicon-derived nanoparticles, and is different than other semiconductor nanomaterials, in which pressure-dependent optical transitions depend on lattice strain or phase transformations. This work presents a comprehensive understanding of the optical transitions and the effect of surface ligands and surface oxidation in these highly luminescent Si-derived nanoparticles. The new insight into the oxidation-activated and ligand-mediated transitions, and the pressure-dependent PL may help with engineering the band structure of other highly-reactive optical nanomaterials.
MPC-based Realtime Power System Control with DNN-based Prediction/Sensitivity-Estimation.

This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC)-based online real-time adaptive control scheme for emergency voltage control in power systems. Despite tremendous success in various applications, real-time implementation of MPC for control in power systems has not been successful due to its online computational burden for large-sized systems that takes more time than available between the two control decisions. This long-standing problem is addressed here by developing a novel MPC-based adaptive control framework which (i) adapts the nominal offline computed control, by successive control corrections, at each control decision point using the latest measurements, (ii) utilizes data-driven approach for prediction of voltage trajectory and its sensitivity with respect to control using trained deep neural networks (DNNs). In addition, a realistic coordination scheme among control inputs of static var compensators (SVC), load-shedding (LS), and load tap-changers (LTC) is presented with a goal of maintaining bus voltages within a predefined permissible range, where the delayed effect of LTC action is also incorporated in a novel way. The performance of the proposed scheme is validated for IEEE 9-bus as well as 39-bus systems, with $\pm 20\%$ variations in nominal loading conditions. We also show that the proposed new scheme speeds up the online computation by a factor of 20 bringing it down to under one-tenth the control interval, making the MPC-based power system control practically feasible.
Differences in some cranial bones between two Cyprinidae species, Common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) and Crucian Carp Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) Collected from Tigris River, Iraq

The present study attempts to identify some of the differences between the skull bones of two species Cyprinus carpio and Carassius carassius, which belong to the Cyprinidae family. The study is a taxonomic diagnostic study between the two species which are considered local fish abundant in the Iraqi aquatic environment
Inadequate Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Available Salvage Agents Further Impedes the Optimal Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Meningitis and Bacteremia

Background: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) in particular has evolved as an important cause of hospital acquired infection, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Methods: We present a complex case of a patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia who underwent allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation complicated by persistent VRE bacteremia and meningitis. To optimize therapy, various blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were sent to a research laboratory for extensive susceptibility testing, pharmacokinetic analyses, and time-kill experiments. Results: In vitro testing revealed resistance to all first-line treatment options and CSF sampling demonstrated sub-optimal central nervous system concentrations achieved by each antimicrobial agent administered in relation to their respective MIC value. Time-kill analyses at observed CSF concentrations confirmed the lack of bactericidal activity despite use of a four-drug combination regimen. Conclusions: This work is the first to report CSF concentrations of oritavancin and tedizolid in humans and adds to the limited data regarding in vitro susceptibility of new antimicrobial agents such as eravacycline, omadacycline, and lefamulin against VRE. Our study provides new insights into various aspects of treatment of extensively drug-resistant Enterococcus faecium meningitis and bacteremia and supports the continued pursuit of precision medicine for these challenging cases.
Polytrichum commune spores nucleate ice and associated microorganisms increase the temperature of ice nucleation activity onset

Moss spores disperse via wind and have been found previously in precipitation and air samples. Their presence in the atmosphere led to this study’s examining the potential of moss spores to contribute to ice nucleation, a process necessary for ice formation in clouds prior to precipitation. Ice nucleation assays were conducted using Polytrichum commune spores that were either associated with natural assemblages of microbes or extracted aseptically from capsules and subsequently confirmed to be free of culturable microbes. Liquid suspensions of capsule spores and non-sterile spores nucleated ice at temperatures as high as −12 and −7 °C, respectively. When capsule and non-sterile spores were heated at 95 °C for 10 min, which killed all culturable microbes on non-sterile spores, both nucleated ice from −10 to −13 °C. An additional non-sterile spore sample collected from partially opened capsules in a forested ecosystem (ID, USA) nucleated ice at temperatures as high as −7 °C, similar to non-sterile P. commune spores. This is the first set of results to indicate that P. commune spores themselves are capable of nucleating ice at temperatures higher than many abiological particles such as mineral dust (≤−15 °C) and that natural assemblages of microbes can increase their ice nucleation efficiency. Future studies aimed at determining the abundance of moss spores in the atmosphere and the identity of ice-nucleating microbes associated with them will provide further insights into the ability of moss spores to impact precipitation patterns.
Synthetic Approaches to Mixed-Valence Chemistry,

Several preparative routes to mixed-valence materials have been examined and the effect of the synthetic variables discussed. It has been shown that solubility is a dominant factor in the successful isolation of many such materials. Soluble metal cluster complexes are susceptible to sequential oxidation/reduction reactions which lead to mixed-valence clusters, and the importance and utility of electrochemical measurements in the preparation and understanding of these clusters is discussed. The preparation of mixed-valence polymers by solid-state reactions and by polymer growth techniques has been examined, and the types of behavior exhibited are shown to be explicable using arguments derived from the thermodynamics of solutions.
The YMCA and the Origins of Freshman Orientation Programs

Most insightful historical work pinpoints the rise of freshman orientation programs in the mid 1920s as one instance of administrative specialization emerging to fill the advising and socialization void left by faculty taken with academic particularization. Although the press of the historical moment is indeed relevant, institutionalized freshman orientation did not emerge in the historical moment of the 1920s sans progenitor. Rather, specific students sensed the needs of their peers and acted upon their intuition much earlier as a latent orientation function of their manifest religious intent. This research illustrates the lineage of freshman events and college socialization interventions that accumulated over several decades and demonstrates that they were initiated originally by students themselves, specifically through the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) Student Associations found across the United States and many parts of Canada.
Vereinigung Hamburger Schiffsmakler und Schiffsagenten e.V. (VHSS): Valuing Ships

After booming for more than five years, the global shipping (maritime) industry experienced a dramatic crash in late 2008 as the global financial system froze and the global economy slid into recession. Ship charter rates (revenue) fell by as much as 90% causing prices of used ships to fall by as much as 80%. As ship prices (values?) fell, ship owners began to default on loans and new purchase contracts while banks holding loans secured by ships faced the possibility of increasing defaults (violations of loan-to-value covenants), foreclosures, and write-offs. In the midst of this crisis, VHSS, the German Shipbroker's Association, introduced a proposal to value ships using discounted cash flow analysis (to determine a long-term asset value, LTAV) rather than market prices from comparable transactions. Thomas Rehder, the Chairman of VHSS, argued this approach was necessary because market prices did not reflect fundamental values in the current environment. After announcing the alternative valuation methodology in September 2009, he must convince industry participants -- ship owners, appraisers, and bankers -- to adopt the new valuation methodology and bank regulators and auditing firms to approve its use.Learning Objective: This case illustrates two valuation methodologies: mark-to-market (comparable transactions where value equals market price) and mark-to-model (discounted cash flow analysis where value equals calculated net present value). This analysis leads to a discussion of why and under what conditions market prices should be equal fundamental or intrinsic values. This case can be used to discuss a wide variety of capital markets (market efficiency, liquidity, limits to arbitrage, and the formation and collapse of asset price bubbles), banking (Basel II), accounting (measuring fair value), value investing, and valuation issues (valuing illiquid assets or valuing assets with cyclical cash flows). Although set in the shipping industry, this case provides a way to discuss the impact of and possible solutions to the US "subprime" crisis.
Nutritional factors and skin diseases.

Publisher Summary In experimental nutrition studies, a change in the hair coat and skin of animals has often been the first and most outstanding feature of a dietary deficiency disease. Unfortunately, these skin and hair changes are often nonspecific, and rarely permit the diagnosis of an isolated nutritional deficiency. These skin changes have appeared with poor diet, therefore, dermatologists have been much influenced by the use of special diets, vitamins, and minerals in nearly every conceivable dosage level and combination in an attempt to manage and treat skin diseases. The reason that accurate diagnosis is difficult under such conditions and many skin diseases are of unknown etiology, much of this form of therapy has been doomed to failure and has tended to place the role of nutrition in the therapy of skin disease in disrepute. There is a place for nutrition in dermatology as in medicine generally; it should be kept, however, in proper perspective. A brief review of the structure and physiology of the skin may be helpful in understanding the changes that take place in skin diseases. The skin is composed of three principal layers: (1) epidermis, (2) corium (dermis or true skin), and (3) the subcutaneous tissue.
Protease-activated peptide toxins for selective nanoparticle therapeutics (1054.4)

Objective: To enhance peptide toxin specificity by developing prodrugs which are locally activated by proteases and can be delivered by antigen-targeted nanoparticles. Introduction: Melittin is a peptide toxin derived from bee venom which has been suggested as a cancer therapy due to its membranolytic activity. Yet, its therapeutic applications have been limited by its rapid clearance from the circulation and nonspecific cytotoxicity. We have previously developed an integrin-targeted nanoparticle system which extends melittin circulation time and enhances delivery to tumors. Here, we present a platform for melittin prodrug design which allows activation by a protease of interest while still permitting delivery of the prodrug by nanoparticle carriers. Methods and Results: The prodrug consisted of melittin joined to a blocking sequence via a matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2)-cleavable linker. While native melittin was substantially hemolytic (HD50: 5.4 µM) and cytotoxic (IC50: 3.0 µM) to B16 melanoma cells...
Factors associated with actinomyces-like organisms on Papanicolaou smear in users of intrauterine contraceptive devices

To determine the factors associated with the presence of actinomyces-like organisms on cervicovaginal Papanicolaou smears in users of the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD), we carried out a case-control study. Among about 80,000 Papanicolaou smears examined in one year in a large cytology laboratory, actinomyces-like organisms were identified on 107 smears; all but three smears were from IUD users. Compared with IUD users who did not have actinomyces-like organisms on Papanicolaou smears, those with actinomyces-like organisms had used the IUD for more years. An increased risk of actinomyces-like organisms on Papanicolaou smear was not apparent until 7 years of IUD use, however. No significant association of actinomyces-like organisms with the type of IUD was found after controlling for differences in duration of use between users of various IUDs. The percentage of women reporting gynecologic symptoms (vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding) also did not differ significantly between IUD users with and without actinomyces-like organisms on Papanicolaou smear (p = 0.5).
The Central Role of Design in Software Engineering

Design is relevant to all software engineering activities and is the central integrating activity that ties the others together. Thus, it is essential that software engineering education provide solid and in-depth instruction in design. While there is a good deal of current activity directed toward improving education in programming methods, we see little directed toward improving education in programming methods, we see little directed toward design education. Development of software engineering curricula offers an opportunity to place design in its proper perspective.
A global finite element Galerkin/B-spline (GBS) numerical model of electrochemical kinetics, transport, and mechanism for multi-geometry working electrodes: Part I. Modeled nernstian voltammetry

Abstract A Galerkin/B-spline implementation of the finite element numerical method has been devised from first principles to construct a robust, very flexible, computationally fast, and user-friendly algorithmic model (the GBS model) of electrochemical rate-transport processes that accommodates potentially multiple electrode geometries, coupled charge transfer/chemical reaction mechanisms, and reversible to irreversible processes, each interfaced to the core GBS solver via an easily modifiable software driver. This inaugural paper presents in detail the general theoretical path followed to construct the solver whose intrinsic accuracy is limited only by the accuracy of input parameters and that of the chosen computer. GBS results are presented here for reversible (Nernstian) boundary conditions, the Cottrell singularity, and single sweep voltammetry for planar, cylindrical, and spherical geometries. The results are compared numerically and graphically to established analytic/numeric literature values.
Hypothalamic Ventromedial Nuclei Amplify Circadian Rhythms: Do They Contain a Food-Entrained Endogenous Oscillator?

Several endogenous oscillators determine circadian rhythms. One, light-entrained, is in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the others, food-entrained, are in unknown sites. To determine how the hypothalamic ventromedial nuclei (VMN) and feeding affect rhythms, we compared nocturnally active rats fed either ad libitum or for 2 hr/d during light [restricted feeding (RF)] and either with or without colchicine-induced disruption of VMN. We measured rhythms in temperature, locomotor activity, feeding, drinking, corticosterone, and the numbers of cells expressing c-Fos in light/dark in hypothalamic nuclei, the suprachiasmatic nuclei, and two major SCN targets, the subparaventricular zone (sPVNz) and paraventricular thalamus (pvTHAL). c-Fos cells were always light > dark in SCN, whereas the VMN and sPVNz lacked light/dark differences except after RF and RF plus VMN disruption, respectively. Controls fed ad libitum had high-amplitude rhythms and, generally, c-Fos cells dark > light. In RF controls, a c-Fos pattern dark > light occurred in VMN; generally, c-Fos cell numbers increased elsewhere maintaining dark > light. By contrast, levels of corticosterone peaked before food. In rats fed ad libitum, VMN with colchicine markedly reduced rhythm amplitudes, not phase. c-Fos patterns were abolished except in pvTHAL and SCN. In RF, VMN disruption blocked corticosterone and light/dark c-Fos patterns in all nuclei but produced a pattern in the sPVNz like SCN. We conclude that VMN amplify rhythmic output from the SCN, and the RF-induced rhythm in VMN enhances c-Fos activity driven by the SCN. The VMN may contain a food-entrained oscillator, and the sPVNz may integrate output from several oscillators.
Quantifying deer and turkey leaf litter disturbances in the eastern deciduous forest: have nontrophic effects of consumers been overlooked?

Vertebrate herbivores and omnivores modify forest regeneration not only via direct and indirect trophic pathways, but also via nontrophic pathways such as litter and soil disturbances that may favor the regeneration of some species but not others. Deer are overabundant throughout vast portions of the eastern deciduous forest, and turkeys, once nearly extirpated, are now far more common; their foraging habits disturb litter over large areas, though this has rarely been evaluated. We quantified the size and frequency of litter disturbances created by both deer and turkeys. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that excluding vertebrates via fences would cause a reduction in the abundance and size of litter disturbances. We tested this hypothesis inside and outside six exclosures and adjacent control plots in an old-growth deciduous forest in Pennsylvania. Bare soil patches were ∼60% smaller and between 50% and 90% less abundant inside exclosures. The mean size of turkey litter disturbances was large (mean >...
A Power Analysis and Data Acquisition System for Ocean Wave Energy Device Testing

In the testing of ocean wave energy devices, the demand for a portable and robust data acquisition and electrical loading system has become apparent. This paper investigates the development of an inclusive system combining loading capabilities, real-time power analysis, and data acquisition for the testing of deployed ocean wave energy devices.
Influence of Thymosin on Immunological Competence of Lymphoid Cells from Thymectomized Mice

THE preparation and partial purification, from calf thymic tissue, of a soluble product termed thymosin has been reported1. This factor when administered in vivo to normal CBA mice stimulates lymphocytopoiesis with an increase in the weight of lymphoid tissue, an augmented rate of incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the DNA of lymphoid cells, and a peripheral absolute lymphocytosis. In addition, thymosin administration accelerates lymphoid tissue regeneration in CBA mice exposed to whole body X-irradiation (unpublished results of A. L. Goldstein, S. Banerjee, T. F. Dougherty and A. White). The properties of the purified lymphocytopoietic fraction suggest that activity is associated with a relatively heat stable protein. The product therefore does not seem to be identical with any of the previously described thymic preparations2–8.
Usability testing of world wide web sites

World Wide Web (Web) site usability - for better or worse - affects millions of users on a daily basis. As the capabilities of the Web continue to expand through HTML extensions, VRML, Java, and ActiveX, site designers are becoming overwhelmed by a proliferation of viable interaction techniques. Just because a technology is possible, however, does not mean it is desirable, nor that it is being incorporated in a productive manner. Many Web sites, both those connected to the Internet and those available through an institutional intranet, have become cluttered with useless and confusing, albeit cool, new features.
The interaction of dopexamine with various drugs and excipients in parenteral solutions.

— The interaction of dopexamine hydrochloride with various excipients and other drugs in parenteral solutions has been investigated by microcalorimetry. The interaction with heparin sodium, in particular, is significant. The interaction is strongest in parenterals containing glucose and is eliminated in normal saline. Divalent cations are more effective than monovalent ones in eliminating the reaction, which is apparently ionic in nature.
Mild one-pot preparation of glycosyl bromides

Mild one-pot protocols for the preparation of glycosyl bromides and alkyl bromides via in situ generation of HBr is reported here.
An in vitro study on the cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine digluconate to human gingival cells.

Chlorhexidine digluconate is the active ingredient in mouthrinses used to prevent dental plaque and gingivitis. Thein vitro cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine was evaluated with the Smulow-Glickman (S-G) gingival epithelial cell line. The potency of chlorhexidine was dependent on the length of exposure and composition of the exposure medium. The midpoint cytotoxicity values for 1-, 24-, and 72-h exposures were 0.106, 0.011, and 0.0045 mmol/L, respectively. S-G cells exposed for 2 h to chlorhexidine and then maintained for 48 h in chlorhexidine-free medium were unable to recover from the initial insult. The adverse effects of chlorhexidine on the plasma membrane were suggested by the leakage of lactic acid dehydrogenase from chlorhexidine-treated S-G cells and by the increased permeability of chlorhexidine-treated liposomes to Ca2+. The toxicity of a 24-h exposure to chlorhexidine to the S-G cells was progressively lessened as the content of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the exposure medium was increased from 2% to 8%. The potency of a 1-h exposure to chlorhexidine was reduced in medium amended with albumin, lecithin, and heat-killedEscherichia coli. These reductions in toxicity were presumably due to the binding of the cat onic chlorhexidine to the negatively charged chemical moieties of the components of FBS and of albumin and lecithin and of sites on the surfaces of bacteria. Combinations of chlorhexidine and carbamide peroxide were additive in their cytotoxicities.
Mixed Function Oxygenase Induction in Pre- and Post-Spawn Herring (Clupea pallasi) by Petroleum Hydrocarbons

We compared the uptake of water-accommodated fractions of Alaska North Slope crude oil in pre- and post-spawn herring (Clupea pallasi) and the resulting induction of mixed function oxygenase activity. Both groups of herring accumulated significant quantities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in muscle tissue. Pre-spawn herring accumulated higher concentrations of hydrocarbons and retained them longer. Induction of mixed function oxygenase activity in pre-spawn fish was one-third to one-half that in post-spawn fish. Inability of pre-spawn herring to induce mixed function oxygenases at as high a level as post-spawn fish may explain higher tissue concentrations and retention of hydrocarbons in the pre-spawn animals.
Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) inhibits insulin-like growth factor binding protein I (IGFBP-1) production in luteinized human granulosa cells with a potency similar to insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and higher than insulin.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein I (IGFBP-I) is produced by human granulosa cells and may be important in follicular development. Production of IGFBP-I in human granulosa cells is under inhibitory control of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). It had not been known if IGF-II affected IGFBP-I production in these cells. We examined the effect of IGF-II on IGFBP-I production in human granulosa cells and compared this effect of IGF-II to similar effects of insulin and IGF-I. Human granulosa cells were obtained during in vitro fertilization and plated at a density of 10(5) cells/mL in McCoy 5A tissue culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. After 48 h of preincubation at 37 C, 90% humidity, 5% CO2, the medium was removed, and serum-free medium was added. After 24 h of incubation in the serum-free medium, the medium was removed, cells were washed, and new serum-free medium supplemented with various concentrations of insulin, IGF-I, or IGF-II was added. After 24 h of incubat...
Test anxiety and working memory.

Abstract In the present study, information processing of test anxiety is explained within the framework of the ACT* model. The author used the speed-accuracy tradeoff method to investigate the effect of test anxiety on each subsystem of working memory. The sample was made up of 119 college students enrolled in an educational psychology course. Test anxiety affected performance on the verbal-analogies task but not on the rhyming-judgment and visual-spatial tasks. The participants' subvocalization of the rhyming words may have drawn attention to the task itself and preempted the effect of test anxiety on task performance. Also, the activation processes for the visual-spatial tasks may have occurred in a different dimension or separate from the verbal processes of test anxiety.
Random-Phase K -Matrix Approach to Absorption in Peripheral Interactions

Initial- and final-state corrections to single-particle exchange amplitudes are studied. Two multichannel $K$-matrix formalisms, which are expected to be valid for different energy regions, are developed by means of a random-phase approximation, and two similar absorption formulas are derived. Both reduce to the Gottfried-Jackson form for weak absorption, but give more absorption in the lower partial waves. The models are applied to the reactions ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}p$ for scattering angles near 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and to the reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}n$ for small momentum transfer. It is found that the improved absorption models do not solve the problem found in earlier work of failing to fit the energy dependence of the cross sections. However, the increased absorption makes it possible to fit the data in the 4-10 BeV/c region by an arbitrary choice of absorption parameters.
Combined salicylate, corticotropin and corticosteroid therapy in acute monocyclic rheumatic pancarditis. A preliminary report.

1. The relative merits of aspirin, corticotropin and corticosteroids in the acute phase of rheumatic carditis has been the subject of numerous reports over the past decade, but the supremacy of any of these agents in terms of disease response has not been established. 2. It is generally agreed that any one of these agents, if administered in sufficient dosage, will suppress the manifestations of the inflammatory process of acute rheumatic fever. 3. It is postulated that a combination of these agents may have additive therapeutic value; hence, suppression of acute rheumatic activity may be accomplished with an appreciably smaller dosage of each with a consequent reduction of both toxic and untoward reactions. 4. A case of acute monocyclic rheumatic pancarditis successfully treated by the simultaneous administration of salicylates, corticotropin and corticosteroids is presented. It is believed this concept bears further exploration; however, no claim of originality is made for the treatment presented, nor is there the slightest intent to perpetuate a specific protocol. 5. Viewed in the light of our present knowledge of the natural course of rheumatic disease, and the purely suppressive role ascribed to these drugs, the rationale of inflexible, high dosage, short-term therapeutic protocols is questioned ( Fig. 3 ).
Epistemic set theory is a conservative extension of intuitionistic set theory

In [6] Godel observed that intuitionistic propositional logic can be interpreted in Lewis's modal logic (S4). The idea behind this interpretation is to regard the modal operator □ as expressing the epistemic notion of “informal provability”. With the work of Shapiro [12], Myhill [10], Goodman [7], [8], and Scedrov [11] this simple idea has developed into a successful program of integrating classical and intuitionistic mathematics.There is one question quite central to the above program that has remained open. Namely:Does Scedrov's extension of the Godel translation to set theory provide a faithful interpretation of intuitionistic set theory into epistemic set theory?In the present paper we give an affirmative answer to this question.The main ingredient in our proof is the construction of an interpretation of epistemic set theory into intuitionistic set theory which is inverse to the Godel translation. This is accomplished in two steps. First we observe that Funayama's theorem is constructively provable and apply it to the power set of 1. This provides an embedding of the set of propositions into a complete topological Boolean algebra . Second, in a fashion completely analogous to the construction of Boolean-valued models of classical set theory, we define the -valued universe V(). V() gives a model of epistemic set theory and, since we use a constructive metatheory, this provides an interpretation of epistemic set theory into intuitionistic set theory.
On resource allocation in two-way limited feedback beamforming systems

The benefits employing channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter in a multiple antenna wireless link are well documented in the literature. One of the most popular techniques to provide the transmitter with CSI in frequency division duplexing wireless links is by sending a finite number of feedback bits. However, the effect of the overhead created by these feedback bits on the link performance is still not well understood. In this paper, we study a specific scenario of limited feedback known as limited feedback beamforming. We look at the effect of allocating resources to feedback and the scaling of these resources. Monte Carlo simulations also demonstrate the inherent tradeoff between the forward and reverse links in a wireless system.
Growing Duckweed to Recover Nutrients from Wastewaters and for Production of Fuel Ethanol and Animal Feed

Lemnaceae or duckweed is an aquatic plant that can be used to recover nutrients from wastewaters. The grown duckweed can be a good resource of proteins and starch, and utilized for the production of value-added products such as animal feed and fuel ethanol. In the last eleven years we have been working on growing duckweed on anaerobically treated swine wastewater and utilizing the duckweed for fuel ethanol production. Duckweed strains that grew well on the swine wastewater were screened in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The selected duckweed strains were then tested for nutrient recovery under laboratory and field conditions. The rates of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by the duckweed growing in the laboratory and field systems were determined in the study. The mechanisms of nutrient uptake by the duckweed and the growth of duckweed in a nutrient-limited environment have been studied. When there are nutrients (N and P) available in the wastewater, duckweed takes the nutrients from the wastewater to support its growth and to store the nutrients in its tissue. When the N and P are completely removed from the wastewater, duckweed can use its internally stored nutrients to keep its growth for a significant period of time. A modified Monod model has been developed to describe nitrogen transport in a duckweed-covered pond for nutrient recovery from anaerobically treated swine wastewater. Nutrient reserve in the duckweed biomass has been found the key to the kinetics of duckweed growth. Utilization of duckweed for value-added products has a good potential. Using duckweed to feed animals, poultry, and fish has been extensively studied with promising results. Duckweed is also an alternative starch source for fuel ethanol production. Spirodela polyrrhiza grown on anaerobically treated swine wastewater was found to have a starch content of 45.8% (dry weight). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the duckweed biomass with amylases yielded a hydrolysate with a reducing sugar content corresponding to 50.9% of the original dry duckweed biomass. Fermentation of the hydrolysate using yeast gave an ethanol yield of 25.8% of the original dry duckweed biomass. These results indicate that the duckweed biomass can produce significant quantities of starch that can be readily converted into ethanol.
An in vitro assay to measure phagocytosis in striped bass hybrids (Morone saxatilis × Morone chrysops).

Abstract An in vitro phagocytosis assay was developed for hybrid striped bass ( Morone saxatilis×Morone chrysops ), using cells collected from the peritoneal cavity of this fish. The findings indicated that: (1) 10 days following a single intraperitoneal injection (1 ml) of Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) was an appropriate time for collecting suitable working concentrations (5·3± 4·0×10 7 cells ml −1 ) of peritoneal phagocytes (83·7±1·5% macrophages) from these hybrids held at 23° C; (2) these cells phagocytosed latex beads (polystyrene microspheres 3·12 μm in diameter) after 30 min of in vitro incubation at room temperature (25±1° C). The phagocytic ability and phagocytic capacity in a washed adherent layer exposure system were 67·2±2·76% and 4·14±0·35 beads phagocyte −1 , respectively. These results strongly suggest that a simple methodology, including baseline data serving as guidelines, is now available for conducting in vitro phagocytosis assays in this hybrid.
The size, shape and stability of complement component C9.

Abstract Electron microscopy of specimens of C9 tilted through 90° visualized this protein to be a globular ellipsoid with dimensions of 77 × 70 × 52 A. To check the congruence of this observation with physical properties of the molecule, hydrodynamic parameters for C9 were determined. From this work a frictional ratio of 1.32 was calculated. C9 was compared with several other proteins of similar frictional ratios whose tertiary structures are known. All examples found of such proteins whose frictional ratios were between 1.26 and 1.37 are either heart-shaped or globular ellipsoids, but none are prolate ellipsoids. By comparison the size and shape of C9 determined by electron microscopy are congruent with its hydrodynamic parameters. Both electron microscopy and physical measurements suggest that the length (110–120 A) of C9 determined by neutron and X-ray scattering experiments is an overestimate. The source of the discrepancy was identified by the demonstration that the high concns of C9 employed in neutron and X-ray scattering work lead to aggregation of the protein. Thus, investigations involving neutron and X-ray scattering were measuring polydisperse solutions of C9. The deduced value of the radius of gyration from that work (33–35 A) is now recognized as being statistical and significantly higher than the correct value of monomeric C9 (26 A), which was calculated from electron microscopy measurements. Also high-resolution electron microscopy clearly visualized poly(C9) to be a barrel-stave construct. These results suggest that monomeric C9 must undergo a major conformational alteration to extend by 55–70 A in order to self-associate laterally in order to fashion the cylindrical poly(C9).
Judgments of Marketing Students about Ethical Issues in Marketing Research: A Comparison to Marketing Practitioners

The authors found that students showed greater sensitivity than practitioners to social responsibility issues. However, three business ethics issues were identified for which marketing educators need to raise the ethical standards of students to be more consistent with those of marketing professionals. Educators should focus on the male students, who were less critical than the females of questionable business practices.