cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal Sclerosis of Aging is a Key Alzheimer's Disease Mimic: Clinical-Pathologic Correlations and Comparisons with both Alzheimer's Disease and Non-Tauopathic Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

Hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS-Aging) neuropathology was observed in more than 15% of aged individuals in prior studies. However, much remains unknown about the clinical correlates of HS-Aging pathology or the association(s) between HS-Aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) pathology. Clinical and comorbid pathological features linked to HS-Aging pathology were analyzed using National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) data. From autopsy data extending back to 1990 (n = 9,817 participants), the neuropathological diagnoses were evaluated from American AD Centers (ADCs). Among participants who died between 2005-2012 (n = 1,422), additional analyses identified clinical and pathological features associated with HS-Aging pathology. We also compared cognitive testing and longevity outcomes between HS-Aging cases and a subsample with non-tauopathy FTLD (n = 210). Reporting of HS-Aging pathology increased dramatically among ADCs in recent years, to nearly 20% of autopsies in 2012. Participants with relatively "pure" HS-Aging pathology were often diagnosed clinically as having probable (68%) or possible (15%) AD. However, the co-occurrence of HS-Aging pathology and AD neuropathology (AD-NP) did not indicate any pattern of correlation between the two pathologies. Compared with other pathologies, participants with HS-Aging pathology had higher overall cognitive/functional ability (versus AD-NP) and verbal fluency (versus both AD-NP and FTLD) but similar episodic memory impairment at one clinic visit 2-5 years prior to death. Patients with HS-Aging live considerably longer than patients with non-tauopathy FTLD. We conclude that the manifestations of HS-Aging, increasingly recognized in recent years, probably indicate a separate disease process of direct relevance to patient care, dementia research, and clinical trials.
Gaps in wireless ad-hoc lattice computers

Scientific computing largely deals with the prediction of attribute values of objects participating in physical phenomena. Usually the unfolding of these phenomena involves motion of the participating objects. There are no known analytical solutions for some physical phenomena, and one method of prediction is the analogical simulation of the unfolding of the phenomenon in a cellular automaton-like architecture - a lattice computer - representing the region of Euclidean space in which the phenomenon unfolds. In this paper, we focus on the problem of bridging "gaps" in the underlying lattice of a wireless ad-hoc lattice computer. Such gaps may arise due to a variety of reasons: lack of mobile devices in a piece of the geographic region under consideration, failures in devices, devices moving out of the geographic region, etc.
CO2 pulse and acid-base status during increasing work rate exercise in health and disease

The CO2 pulse (VCO2/heart rate), analogous to the O2 pulse (VO2/heart rate), was calculated during cardiopulmonary exercise testing and evaluated in normal and diseased states. Our aim was to define its application in its release in excess of that from VCO2/heart rate in the presence of impaired cardiovascular and lung function. In the current study, forty-five patients were divided into six physiological states: normal, exercise-induced myocardial ischemia, chronic heart failure, pulmonary vasculopathy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and interstitial lung disease. We subtracted the O2 pulse from the CO2 pulse to determine the exhaled CO2 that could be attributed to CO2 pulse of buffering of lactic acid. The difference between the CO2 pulse and O2 pulse (VCO2/heart rate-VO2/heart rate) includes CO2 generated from HCO3(-) buffering of lactic acid. The accumulated CO2 per body mass was found to be significantly correlated with the corresponding [HCO3(-)] decrease (R(2)=0.72; P<0.0001). In summary, the increase in CO2 pulse over the O2 pulse accounted for the anaerobically-generated excess-CO2 in each of the physiological states and correlated with the decreases in the arterial Bicarbonate concentration.
Where the really hard problems are

It is well known that for many NP-complete problems, such as K-Sat, etc., typical cases are easy to solve; so that computationally hard cases must be rare (assuming P = NP). This paper shows that NP-complete problems can be summarized by at least one "order parameter", and that the hard problems occur at a critical value of such a parameter. This critical value separates two regions of characteristically different properties. For example, for K-colorability, the critical value separates overconstrained from underconstrained random graphs, and it marks the value at which the probability of a solution changes abruptly from near 0 to near 1. It is the high density of well-separated almost solutions (local minima) at this boundary that cause search algorithms to "thrash". This boundary is a type of phase transition and we show that it is preserved under mappings between problems. We show that for some P problems either there is no phase transition or it occurs for bounded N (and so bounds the cost). These results suggest a way of deciding if a problem is in P or NP and why they are different.
Secondary Science Teachers' Responses to Student Questions

(1997). Secondary Science Teachers' Responses to Student Questions. Journal of Science Teacher Education: Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 257-267.
Retrotrapezoid nucleus glutamate receptors: control of CO2-sensitive phrenic and sympathetic output.

In decerebrate cats, we asked whether endogenous glutamate in the region of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) was involved in the control of CO2-sensitive phrenic and phrenic-related sympathetic out...
Comprehensive Redundant Load Elimination for the IA-64 Architecture

For IA-64 architecture, a compiler can aggressively utilize control and data speculation to increase instruction-level parallelism. Aggressive speculation normally generates many speculative (control-speculative) and advanced (data-speculative) loads with the same addresses. Traditional redundant load elimination handles only regular loads. It cannot be straightforwardly applied to removing speculative and advanced loads. In this paper, we present a framework for comprehensive redundant load elimination, which correctly handles all six types of the following loads: regular loads, advanced loads, check loads, check advanced loads, speculative loads, and speculative advanced loads. Our preliminary experimental results demonstrate that it is important to perform comprehensive redundant load elimination in a compiler for architectures supporting control and data speculation.
Teachers As Learners: Implications Of Adult Education For Professional Development

Effective communication with teachers is a critical element of any successful professional development. Teachers are the foundational component of any educational system. It is vital that adequate attention is focused on appropriate and effective training of these teachers. Ideally, professional development offers a means of collaborative support and training to collectively conquer challenges facing teachers both in and out of the classroom. The need for continued professional development is widely accepted. Certainly, programs based on high-quality and meaningful teacher development can affect teachers’ skills and attitudes in the classroom, further increasing the quality of education the students receive. There are numerous resources and studies detailing the components of effective professional development; however, these models can be quite extensive and potentially overwhelming to an administrator who already has enough tasks to occupy their time. By incorporating a few basic principles established within the field of adult education, teacher professional development can dramatically increase its effectiveness. This paper outlines very briefly some of these concepts and offers simple and applicable suggestions for teacher professional development programs such as: the characteristics of adult learners, self-directed learning, transformative learning and critical reflection.
Speech separation using speaker-adapted eigenvoice speech models

We present a system for model-based source separation for use on single channel speech mixtures where the precise source characteristics are not known a priori. The sources are modeled using hidden Markov models (HMM) and separated using factorial HMM methods. Without prior speaker models for the sources in the mixture it is difficult to exactly resolve the individual sources because there is no way to determine which state corresponds to which source at any point in time. This is solved to a small extent by the temporal constraints provided by the Markov models, but permutations between sources remains a significant problem. We overcome this by adapting the models to match the sources in the mixture. We do this by representing the space of speaker variation with a parametric signal model-based on the eigenvoice technique for rapid speaker adaptation. We present an algorithm to infer the characteristics of the sources present in a mixture, allowing for significantly improved separation performance over that obtained using unadapted source models. The algorithm is evaluated on the task defined in the 2006 Speech Separation Challenge [Cooke, M.P., Lee, T.-W., 2008. The 2006 Speech Separation Challenge. Computer Speech and Language] and compared with separation using source-dependent models. Although performance is not as good as with speaker-dependent models, we show that the system based on model adaptation is able to generalize better to held out speakers.
Dissecting pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery: A delayed complication of angioplasty in a liver transplant

We report a 59-year-old female with a dissecting pseudoaneurysm of the allograft hepatic artery, as a delayed complication of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). PTA of a severe anastomotic stenosis was successful, but complicated by a dissection involving the allograft hepatic artery. A large dissecting pseiidoaneurysm developed and was incidentally detected during routine sonographic evaluation 14 months after PTA. Because of the extent of the pseudoaneurysm, percutaneous repair or surgical reconstruction was considered impossible. The patient underwent successful retransplantation 1 week after diagnosis. Key words: Liver, transplantation-Hepatic arteries, stenosis or obstruction-Transluminal angioplasty-Aneurysm, hepatic
dc field-induced optical second harmonic generation from metal-electrolyte interfaces

Abstract Metal—electrolyte interfaces are associated with a strong (∼ 10 8 V m −1 ) electrostatic field. When such an interface is studied with second harmonic generation, this field can complicate the optical data by introducing a thrid-order electronic response of the metal. A theoretical framework is presented here for analyzing these dc field-affected second harmonic results for polycrystalline metal electrodes. The macroscopic features of the surface nonlinear polarization are analyzed. It is also shown explicitly that the dc field does not alter the characteristic polarization and angular dependencies of surface second harmonic generation.
Composition of some components in gas collected during the 1977 eruption at Kilauea, Hawaii

Abstract Gas and condensate samples were collected from a site along the primary fissure zone of the September, 1977, eruption on the SE rift of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. The gas samples showed a reduced composition that was little affected by contaminant air, and was comparable with collections made from other high-temperature Hawaiian volcanic sites. The condensate was characterized by a comparatively high content of fluoride and chloride in an acid medium.
Thermochemistry of the hydrates of k2CoCl4

Abstract A study of the dissociation pressure of crystalline K2CoCl4·2H2O. The reactions can be summed up as K2CoCl4·nH2O(c) = K2CoCl4·mH2O(c)+(nm)H2O (v). Below 50°C, n = 2 and 1, m = 1 and 0, above 50°C, n = 2 and m = 0. Below 50°C, the dihydrate is octahedral, the monohydrate and anhydrous compounds are tetrahedral. ΔH° and ΔS° are respectively 7.0 kcal and 14.2 e.u. for the loss of the first mole of water and 12.7 kcal and 32.0 e.u. for the loss of the last mole of water. Above 50°C, ΔH° and ΔS° are respectively 29.8 kcal and 77.6 e.u. for the loss of both waters. The changes in structure are discussed using the spectral and magnetic properties as indications for structural changes.
The effects of crude oil and remediation burning on three clones of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora loisel.)

Burning has been employed as an oil spill remediation technique in coastal marshes, even though the combined and interactive effects of oil and burning on vegetation are poorly understood. Variation among clones of perennial marsh grasses in response to these perturbations is not known. We performed a greenhouse experiment designed to assess the effects of Venezuelan crude oil alone and of oil followed by burning on three clonal genets ofSpartina alterniflora. The fully-crossed 6-mo experiment involved five dosages of oil (0 l m−2, 4 l m−2, 8 l m−2, 16 l m−2, and 24 l m−2) and two burn treatments (burned or unburned) applied to ramets from three clones. All oil-only dosages reduced survival, but burning after oiling (oil + burn treatments) increased survival relative to oil-only groups in all except the highest two oil dosages. Higher oil-only treatments also reduced ramet densities and inhibited density increases over 6 mo. Burning after treatment with the 16 l m−2 oil concentration allowed increased production of new ramets, but burning exacerbated the negative impacts on ramet density at the oil concentration of 24 l m−2. At some intermediate oil dosages, burning remediated the negative effects of oil on aboveground biomass production and growth in height. There was a significant effect of oil-only treatments on numbers of flowering ramets produced, in which two clones responded with decreased flower production and one exhibited increased flowering. There was no main effect of oil + burn on flowering. There were significant among-clones differences in all response variables to one or both treatments. Our experiment demonstrates that burning of oiledS. alterniflora marshes may have little measurable effect at low levels of Venezuelan crude oil, can remediate the effects of oil at intermediate oil concentrations, but can increase the negative impacts at high concentrations of oil. These results indicate that oil spills have the potential to adversely affect genetic diversity inS. alterniflora populations by eliminating some sensitive clonal variants or changing the relative dominance of genets. These results suggest certain clones may be better suited for phytoremediation or restoration planting following oil spills.
Mobile NMDA Receptors at Hippocampal Synapses

Glutamate receptors are concentrated in the postsynaptic complex of central synapses. This implies a highly organized and stable postsynaptic membrane with tightly anchored receptors. Recent reports of rapid AMPA receptor insertion and removal at synapses have challenged this view. We examined the stability of synaptic NMDA receptors on cultured hippocampal neurons using the open-channel blockers (+)-MK-801 and ketamine to tag synaptic NMDA receptors. NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs showed an anomalous recovery following "irreversible" MK-801 block. The recovery could not be attributed to MK-801 unbinding or insertion of new receptors, suggesting that membrane receptors had moved laterally into the synapse. At least 65% of synaptic NMDA receptors were mobile. Our results indicate that NMDA receptors can move laterally between synaptic and extrasynaptic pools, providing evidence for a dynamic organization of synaptic NMDA receptors in the postsynaptic complex.
Calculated and Measured Emittance of a Sputter-Type Negative-Ion Source

A method for calculating the beam current and emittance of a negative ion beam from a sputter-type source is described. Calculations are compared to measured emittance. The dependence of the emittance on ion source parameters such as cathode shape, exit aperture diameter, and cathode voltage is discussed.
Recombinant DNA — Potential for Gene Therapy

Certainly, if progress in recombinant DNA technology continues at its present rate, we have every reason to expect many more major breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. Much of the progress from which we already benefit is not the increased understanding of just the molecular basis of genetic disease, but also of the molecular mechanisms of viral, bacterial, and parasite pathogenicity. Exploiting cloned antigens from pathogens to make vaccines is an ever expanding approach to preventive medicine. The other realm from which we already benefit is that in which we have bacteria produce large quantities of product from normal cloned genes, such as insulin, for treatment of patients deficient in that gene product. Although we cannot expect to eliminate some, or even treat all, genetic disease within the foreseeable future, it is quite clear that research in the area of genetic engineering has vast potential for improving the conditions of mankind.
A note on the application of Dvoretzky's theorem to nonlinear filtering

Abstract-Let [X I , X2, - - ) be the states of a nonlinear dynamical system. Given noisy observations of the states, a sequence x.,, xz, - - - ) of estimates is desired such that X, converges to X n as n increases. Pearson [l] suggested a sequence of estimates and proved mean-square convergence. Convergence with probability 1 is proved using an approach which hopefully will lead to further results.
Lateral heterogeneity and mantle dynamics

Recent work on the nature of the Earth's lateral heterogeneities yields two conclusions with implications for mantle dynamics: seismic velocity differences between continents and oceans extend to depths exceeding 400 km, and strong lateral velocity gradients at depths greater than 800 km characterise the mantle beneath many subduction zones. These results suggest that more than just the crust and upper mantle are involved in whatever form of convection is responsible for plate motions.
Diurnal variation in the effectiveness of extracts of cockroach midgut in the release of intestinal proteinase activity

Abstract 1. 1. Ethanol extracts of midgut and somatic muscle were injected into the haemocoel of the cockroach, and 25–30 min later the proteinase activity in the lumen of the midgut was assayed. This was done at 3-hr intervals around the clock. 2. 2. The effects of both the extracts paralleled those of the saline control, except near sunset (or approximately 15 hr after sunrise), when the midgut extract had an effect on the release of proteinase activity significantly above that of the control. 3. 3. The results obtained here support the contention that a factor(s) effecting an increase in midgut proteinase activity can be extracted from midgut tissues.
The Educational Value of the College Fed Challenge Competition

The College Fed Challenge is a competition between undergraduate students from different colleges and universities. It is designed to enhance the development of research, critical thinking, and presentation skills. This paper analyzes the value of the competition as an instrument for improving undergraduate economics education. We argue that the College Fed Challenge incorporates many of the recommendations in Educating Economists: The Teagle Discussion on Re-Evaluating the Undergraduate Economics Major (2009). We present results from surveys of (a) students from schools that participated in regional competitions in 2010 and in 2011 and (b) graduates from the University of Delaware who participated in past years. A focus of the surveys was to determine whether participation improved the skills described by Hansen. The results reflect the impressive effect on student learning outcomes. We conclude that the visibility of the College Fed Challenge can be an important factor in determining its impact. If the competition were national in scope, if the judges were carefully selected so that success in the competition were more meaningful, and if the American Economic Association were to provide stronger support, then the competition could conceivably have a significant and positive impact on economics education in the United States.
A Dual Reflective Electrothermal MEMS Micromirror for Full Circumferential Scanning Endoscopic Imaging

This paper reports the design, fabrication and measurements of a dual-reflective, single-crystal silicon based micromirror that can perform full circumferential scanning (FCS) for endoscopic optical coherence tomography (EOCT). In the proposed FCS-EOCT probe, two optical fibers are used to deliver light beams to either surface of the micromirror, which can rotate ±45° (or 90°) and thus a 180° optical scanning is obtained from each mirror surface, resulting in full circumferential scans. A novel surface- and bulk-combined micromachining process based on SOI wafers is developed for fabricating the dual reflective micromirror. The single-crystal-silicon device layer of SOI wafers is used for mirror flatness, and Al is coated on both sides for high reflectivity. With one light beam delivered to each mirror surface, full 360° scans have been observed. Other measured data include the resonant frequency: 328Hz, radius of curvatures: - 124 mm (front surface) and 127 mm (back surface), and the reflectances: 81.3% (front surface) and 79.0% (back surface).
Stereocilia membrane deformation: implications for the gating spring and mechanotransduction channel.

In hair cells, although mechanotransduction channels have been localized to tips of shorter stereocilia of the mechanically sensitive hair bundle, little is known about how force is transmitted to the channel. Here, we use a biophysical model of the membrane-channel complex to analyze the nature of the gating spring compliance and channel arrangement. We use a triangulated surface model and Monte Carlo simulation to compute the deformation of the membrane under the action of tip link force. We show that depending on the gating spring stiffness, the compliant component of the gating spring arises from either the membrane alone or a combination of the membrane and a tether that connects the channel to the actin cytoskeleton. If a bundle is characterized by relatively soft gating springs, such as those of the bullfrog sacculus, the need for membrane reinforcement by channel tethering then depends on membrane parameters. With stiffer gating springs, such as those from rat outer hair cells, the channel must be tethered for all biophysically realistic parameters of the membrane. We compute the membrane forces (resultants), which depend on membrane tension, bending modulus, and curvature, and show that they can determine the fate of the channel.
Costing, Technological Growth and Generalized Learning Curves

Two analytic innovations are developed for application to aircraft cost estimating. The first incorporates the concept of technological growth explicitly into equations for required manufacturing labour hours. The second generalizes learning curve theory to analytically account for certain asymptotic deficiencies which at present theoretically predict arbitrarily small costs given that production goes on long enough.
A facile and improved synthesis of 17α‐{2‐(E)‐[1 2 5 I]‐iodovinyl}‐19‐nortestosterone, a no‐carrier‐added ligand for progesterone receptor analyses

Strategies for human breast cancer therapy using 125I-labeled steroid hormones are clinically attractive in light of the estrogen dependence of and progestogen receptor involvement in many cancers and the favorable microdosimetry resulting from 125I decay. We have synthesized the no-carrier-added progesterone receptor ligand 17α-{2-(E)-[125I]-iodovinyl}-19-nortestosterone (E-125IVNNT) by a simple and high yielding method, and determined its uptake and specific progesterone receptor binding in vitro using T47D human breast carcinoma cells. The ligand was prepared by [125I]-iododestannylation of 17α-[2-(E)-tri-n-butylstannylvinyl]-19-nortestosterone (E-TBSVNNT) by using the rare iodinating agent [125I]-sodium iodide/ferric sulfate in mixed dichloromethane-water solvent. Cell binding assays demonstrated that E-125IVNNT binding to T47D breast carcinoma was specific and saturable with an affinity for the progesterone receptor 10-fold greater than that of 3H-R5020.
Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone during the reproductive cycle in normal and vitamin D-deficient rats.

This study was designed to investigate the ability of the vitamin D-deficient (–D) rat to maintain calcium (Ca) homeostasis during pregnancy. Serum Ca and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured before and during pregnancy and after lactation in normal (+D) and –D rats. Serum Ca increased from 9.4 ± 0.3 to 10.2 ± 0.2 mg/dl during the first 3 days of pregnancy in +D animals and then declined throughout the remainder of gestation to 9.7 mg/dl at 17 days of gestation. In contrast, serum Ca rose progressively during the first 17 days of pregnancy in –D rats from 5.5 ± 0.2 to 6.7 ± 0.4 mg/dl. As expected, the –D rats had markedly elevated serum iPTH, but there were no changes in circulating iPTH during pregnancy in either animal model, even though serum Ca increased significantly during pregnancy in –D animals and Ca decreased in the +D rats. After lactation, serum Ca of –D rats increased 2 mg/dl before returning to prepregnancy levels. These results suggest that there are physiological mechani...
The effect of fluid flow due to the crystal-melt density change on the growth of a parabolic isothermal dendrite

The Ivantsov (1947) analysis of an isolated isothermal dendrite (with zero surface tension) growing into a supercooled liquid is extended to include the effects of the fluid flow due to volume contraction or expansion upon solidification. For an axisymmetric paraboloidal dendrite, an analytic solution to the Navier-Stokes equations is obtained. The magnitude of the flow is proportional to the relative density change epsilon, and the flow becomes negligible far from the surface of the dendrite. The temperature field consistent with this flow can also be found explicitly. The well-known expression that relates the dimensionless supercooling to the Peclet number in the absence of fluid flow is modified for nonzero epsilon, but the effect is of order epsilon and hence is seen to be minor for most values of epsilon and dimensionless supercooling that occur in practice.
Mesa-size dependence characteristics of vertical surface-emitting lasers

The vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is the most suitable light source for many optoelectronic applications because of its planar nature. The design of large VCSEL arrays requires accurate modeling of device characteristics. In this paper, we present a thermal model to analyze the dependence of VCSEL threshold current and light-output characteristics on aperture size. For both 850-nm and 980-nm VCSELs, a linear dependence of threshold current on device area is observed for oxidized aperture sizes with diameters between 5 µm and 25 µm. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental light-output characteristics is observed using a simple thermal model.
The Impact of the Home Instructional Program for Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY) on School Performance in 3rd and 6th Grades

A post hoc matching design was used to compare children who participated in the Home Instructional Program for Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY) throughout Arkansas to children from the same classrooms who had no preschool experience and children who had other preschool experiences in the third and sixth grades. The program showed modest positive impact on school suspensions, grades, classroom behavior, and achievement test scores at both grade levels.
Analytical model for the threshold voltage of Accumulation Channel MOS-Gate devices

Abstract An analytical model for the threshold voltage of Accumulation Channel MOS-Gate devices is developed for the first time in this paper. Using the model, an equation for the threshold voltage is derived in terms of the design and fabrication process parameters. The values of the threshold voltage predicted by the analytical equation are found to be in excellent agreement with those extracted from numerical simulations and experimental measurements on both silicon and silicon carbide devices. The analysis in this paper is therefore useful in choosing the design and fabrication process parameters required to tailor the threshold voltage of Accumulation Channel MOS-Gate bipolar and unipolar devices.
Rapid quantitation of Trypanosoma cruzi in host tissue by real-time PCR

A real-time PCR technique that allows for accurate and sensitive quantitation of tissue parasite burden in animals infected with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi was developed. The utility of this method was demonstrated by confirmation of higher parasite load in mice with acute infections in comparison to chronically infected mice, detection of tissue-restricted parasite persistence in different parasite:host strain combinations, and the observation of increased tissue parasite burden with higher infective doses. This method should be a useful tool for monitoring parasite burden in hosts under various treatment regimens.
Impact of oral direct thrombin inhibitors on anticoagulation clinics.

Objectives. To characterize the services and activities performed by anticoagulation clinics (ACCs) across the United States, examine the anticipated impact that oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) will have on the clinical services of ACCs, and elicit possible management strategies to realign services provided by ACCs and opportunities for restructuring clinical services. Methods. A survey was developed in consultation with content experts in the field, pretested by several ACC providers, and subsequently refined. Surveys were mailed to 400 randomly selected ACC-based providers. Results. The final usable response rate was 34.5% (115 of 333 surveys). Respondents anticipated that the number of patient visits/month would decrease from a median of 336 (interquartile range [IQR] 151–775) to 150 (IQR 71–350, p<0.001) after the introduction of oral DTIs. In addition, time spent on many direct and indirect patient care activities currently performed by ACCs was expected to decline. Respondents indicated that ACCs may find new roles by providing guidance on individual suitability for therapy, managing the transition to oral DTIs, providing education for patients and health care providers on thrombotic disease state management, monitoring patients for recurrent thrombosis and risk of bleeding complications, monitoring patient compliance, and providing counseling and safety surveillance for patients receiving treatment with oral DTIs. Conclusion. The advent of oral DTIs is likely to have a significant impact on the structure and delivery of antithrombotic services. Clinics that are proactive and redesign their patient care services to consider emerging anticoagulant agents will be more likely to remain relevant and viable.
Retail shipping/display unit for Maine potatoes

Consumer packages of potatoes, upon arrival at terminal markets and/or retail sales outlets, must be handled manually for reshipping or retail sales display. A retail shipping display unit that would be assembled at the source, be compatible with the standard 1.22m × 1.02m (48″×40″) pallet system, be acceptable in size to the retailer, be desirable to the consumer as a merchandiser and provide protection with no rehandling of the contents from source through retail display was designed and tested. This unit is 0.61m × 1.02m × 0.71m (24″×40″×28″) in size and has a capacity of 227 kg (500lbs.) packaged in either 2.27 kg (5 lb.) or 4.54 kg (10.1b) consumer bags.
Genetic characteristics of spermatogenesis in the turkish hamster (mesocricetus brandti) subjected to reduced temperature or light

Abstract 1. 1.|A genetic study of Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) spermatogenesis exposed to reduced temperature and/or light was made of pachytene pairing, crossing-over and disjunction during testicular regression and recrudescence. 2. 2.|Abnormalities were found in all three mechanisms in all experimental groups particularly in cold exposed testes during recrudescence.
The anthropology of tourism

Abstract This paper considers some of the issues in the anthropology of modern tourism, emphasizing comparative and dynamic perspectives. Building on the works of MacCannell, V. Turner, and E. Cohen, the relations of tourism to ritual, play, and pilgrimage are considered. Two kinds of tourism are identified: periodic or annual vacations, paralleling cyclical rites of intensification, and arduous, self-testing tourism, paralleling rites of passage. The relation of tourism to class, life style, and cultural change are examined, focusing on the factors; discretionary income, cultural self-confidence, and socio-symbolic reversals. The paper concludes with an examination of research methodology and suggests important avenues for further research, including studies of non-Western tourism, of tourism in relation to such institutions as museums, festivals, and theme parks, and of individual biographical recreational and tourist growth patterns.
Experimental investigation of nucleate boiling incipience with a highly-wetting dielectric fluid (R-113)

Abstract Experiments on pool boiling heat transfer in saturated R-113 at 1 atm pressure are conducted to investigate anomalies associated with the initiation of boiling using horizontal, 0.13 mm diameter chromel wires and a 0.51 mm diameter, platinum thin-film heater. Wall incipience superheat values of up to 73°C and wide variations in incipience superheats (more than 20°C) from case to case for nominally identical cases are observed. Presentation of incipience superheat results in terms of probability distributions is therefore recommended. The significant influence of the minimum heat flux and corresponding minimum wall superheat (after the cool-down portion of one run and the beginning of the subsequent run) on the incipience superheat excursion is observed. Tests with large step changes in heat flux, using a thin-film. cylindrical heater, indicated increases in incipience superheat of as much as 20% over tests with a series of incremental steps in heat flux up to the same heat flux level.
Order of response surfaces for representation of a Monte Carlo epidemic model

Abstract Response hypersurfaces for two selected outcomes and for 6 model features were generated for Latin Hypercube (LH) samples of the parameter space of a discrete, micro-population, Monte Carlo model of an epidemic of an infectious disease agent. SAS stepwise, multivariate regression routines were used to generate response hypersurfaces of first, second and third order in the model features for each outcome. These are used as illustrative examples to examine the appropriateness of the order of the polynomial describing the response hypersurface. The response hypersurfaces are very dependent on the model outcomes and also on the selected ranges of the model features. Results indicate that there is little reason to prefer any particular order for the response hypersurfaces. Further, it is suggested that apparent interaction terms found when using quadratic and cubic response hypersurfaces may represent artifacts of the choice of a particular order for the response hypersurfaces. Nonetheless, the comparison of the 3 orders of response hypersurfaces can, under some circumstances, reveal basic characteristics of the sensitivity of the outcome to the model features.
Response of rice to carbon dioxide and temperature

Abstract The current increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]) along with predictions of possible future increases in global air temperatures have stimulated interest in the effects of [CO 2 ] and temperature on the growth and yield of food crops. This study was conducted to determine the effects and possible interactions of [CO 2 ] and temperature on the growth and yield of rice ( Oryza saliva L., cultivar IR-30). Rice plants were grown for a season in outdoor, naturally sunlit, controlled-environment, and plant growth chambers. Temperature treatments of 28/21/25, 34/27/31, and 40/33/37°C (daytime dry bulb air temperature/night-time dry bulb air temperature/paddy water temperature) were maintained in [CO 2 ] treatments of 330 and 660 μmol CO 2 mol −1 air. In the 40/33/37°C temperature treatment, plants in the 330 μmol mol −1 [CO 2 ] treatment died during stem extension while the [CO 2 ] enriched plants survived but produced sterile panicles. Plants in the 34/27/31°C temperature treatments accumulated biomass and leaf area at a faster rate early in the growing season than plants in the 28/21/25°C temperature treatments. Tillering increased with increasing temperature treatment. Grain yield increases owing to [CO 2 ] enrichment were small and non-significant. This lack of [CO 2 ] response on grain yield was attributed to the generally lower levels of solar irradiance encountered during the late fall and winter when this experiment was conducted. Grain yields were affected much more strongly by temperature than [CO 2 ] treatment. Grain yields declined by an average of approximately 7–8% per 1°C rise in temperature from the 28/21/25 to 34/27/31°C temperature treatment. The reduced grain yields with increasing temperature treatment suggests potential detrimental effects on rice production in some areas if air temperatures increase, especially under conditions of low solar irradiance.
Fuzzy Modeling and Fuzzy Control [Book Review]

This book presents a systematic framework targeting at fuzzy modeling and fuzzy control of nonlinear systems with uncertainties. The book is organized into three major parts incorporating 13 chapters. The first part contains four chapters focusing on the modeling of nonlinear dynamical systems by using fuzzy logic. The second part includes five chapters in which fuzzy inference and control techniques are addressed. The final part consists of four chapters, which covers several advanced topics in fuzzy control ranging from controller and filter design to chaotification of fuzzy systems and feedforward fuzzy control of nonlinear systems via Fourier integrals. One of the major contributions of this book is that it presents the latest original research developments in the field. It provides rich examples and references, too. It is a valuable resource for those researchers and practitioners interested in expanding their knowledge from fuzzy logic and applications to nonlinear dynamical systems.
Factors associated with intraocular pressure before and during 9 years of treatment in the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study.

Purpose To evaluate, both at initial glaucoma diagnosis and during treatment, the role of demographic and clinical factors on intraocular pressure (IOP). Design Cohort study of patients enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. Participants Six hundred seven patients with newly diagnosed open-angle glaucoma (OAG) were enrolled at 14 centers in the United States. Methods After randomization to initial surgery or medications, patients were followed at 6-month intervals. Intraocular pressure was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry. Predictive factors for IOP at baseline and during follow-up were analyzed using linear mixed models. Main Outcome Measure Intraocular pressure at baseline and during follow-up. Results The mean baseline IOP was 27.5 mmHg (standard deviation, 5.6 mmHg). Predictive factors for higher baseline IOP included younger age (0.7 mmHg per 10 years), male gender (2.4 mmHg higher than females), pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (5.4 mmHg higher than primary OAG), and pupillary defect (2.2 mmHg higher than those without a defect). During 9 years of follow-up, both surgery and medications dramatically reduced IOP from baseline levels, but the extent of IOP reduction was consistently greater in the surgery group. Over follow-up years 2 through 9, mean IOP was 15.0 versus 17.2 mmHg for surgery versus medicine, respectively. Predictive associations with higher IOP during follow-up included higher baseline IOP ( P P P = 0.0019). Treatment effect was modified by smoking status: nonsmokers treated surgically had lower IOP than smokers treated surgically (14.6 vs. 16.7 mmHg, respectively; P = 0.0013). Clinical center effects were significant ( P Conclusions In this large cohort of newly diagnosed glaucoma patients, predictors of pretreatment IOP and IOP measurements over 9 years of follow-up were identified. Our findings lend credence to the postulate that sociodemographic, economic, compliance, or other environmental influences play a role in IOP control during treatment.
Analysis of Adverse Events With Essure Hysteroscopic Sterilization Reported to the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Database

Abstract Study Objective The Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database may be useful for clinicians using a Food and Drug Administration–approved medical device to identify the occurrence of adverse events and complications. We sought to analyze and investigate reports associated with the Essure hysteroscopic sterilization system (Conceptus Inc., Mountain View, CA) using this database. Design Retrospective review of the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database for events related to Essure hysteroscopic sterilization from November 2002 to February 2012 (Canadian Task Force Classification III). Setting Online retrospective review. Patients Online reports of patients who underwent Essure tubal sterilization. Intervention Essure tubal sterilization. Measurements and Main Results Four hundred fifty-seven adverse events were reported in the study period. Pain was the most frequently reported event (217 events [47.5%]) followed by delivery catheter malfunction (121 events [26.4%]). Poststerilization pregnancy was reported in 61 events (13.3%), of which 29 were ectopic pregnancies. Other reported events included perforation (90 events [19.7%]), abnormal bleeding (44 events [9.6%]), and microinsert malposition (33 events [7.2%]). The evaluation and management of these events resulted in an additional surgical procedure in 270 cases (59.1%), of which 44 were hysterectomies. Conclusion Sixty-one unintended poststerilization pregnancies were reported in the study period, of which 29 (47.5%) were ectopic gestations. Thus, ectopic pregnancy must be considered if a woman becomes pregnant after Essure hysteroscopic sterilization. Additionally, 44 women underwent hysterectomy after an adverse event reported to be associated with the use of the device.
The ecologic/socioeconomic interface of wildlife conservation in emergent africa: Lakes Nakuru and Naivasha in Kenya

Lakes Nakuru and Naivasha in Kenya present congregations of birdlife unmatched at world level for intrinsic interest and spectacular diversity. Potential threats arise through chemical pollution from urban areas, and through intensifying agriculture in the lake-basin hinterlands. While pollution poisoning appears to present little danger so far, the catchment areas are scheduled to undergo intensive agricultural modification to meet the needs of Kenya's population upsurge, while Nakuru township is designated as an industrial growth node as part of Kenya's development program. Eventually the environmental disruptions which development brings will have to be balanced off against wildlife interests in Kenya, as is the case in the rest of the world. This raises not only the usual difficulty of arriving at an equilibrium point between economic advancement and environmental quality. It entails problems of income distribution and equity considerations, in that the parties to the costbenefit relationship are divided by major geographic, socioeconomic, and cultural disparities. This could lead to political and legal implications for the role of the international conservationist bloc in determining methods for assuring long-term protection of wildlife in emergent territories not only of Africa but throughout the Third World.
Analysis of single-family dwelling thermal performance☆

Abstract Various levels of investment in energy-efficient designs are analyzed for new single-family dwellings. The purpose is to develop relationships between initial cost and annual energy savings in space heating and cooling. The analysis is performed for a 1200 ft2 ranch-style home in nine U.S. locations using natural gas or electricity for space heating. Results define relationships between annual energy savings in space heating and cooling versus additional initial cost, which demonstrate the law of diminishing marginal returns. Potential reductions in annual energy use range from 30 to 60% when compared to the present Housing and Urban Development Minimum Property Standards (HUD-MPS). Optimum levels of investment in energy-conserving design were computed for each location. When compared to the HUD-MPS, major differences were noted for all but the natural gas-heated homes in areas less than 5200 heating degree days. Paybacks for additional investment above the current standard range from 15 to 20 years for natural gas users and four to six years for electrically-heated homes, based on 1975 average fuel prices.
Nuclear physics: Two more or less

A recent experiment has provided tantalizing evidence in favour of the elusive 'giant pairing vibration' — an exotic excitation of the atomic nucleus.
Control of a M/IG/1 with service times modeled by a diffusion-threshold process

A parts queueing system is studied where the arrival of parts is according to a Poisson process and a diffusion-threshold process is proposed for modeling the service times. A work rate is the control variable; it is shown to affect the service time probability distribution in an explicit way. The sojourn time for a part is found to be monotone decreasing as a function of this work rate under some reasonable conditions. A class of optimization problems minimizing the weighted sum of the sojourn time and control effort is formulated.
The prenatal determination of glucose-6-phosphatase activity by fetal liver biopsy

Two fetuses at risk for glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency had in utero liver biopsies. Analysis of each showed this enzyme activity to be in the normal range and the pregnancies continued. Neither child has any clinical or metabolic evidence of glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency.
Aging effects on the fracture toughness of SiC whisker reinforced 2XXX aluminum alloys

The effect of aging (at 150 C) time on the fracture toughness behavior of a 2XXX alloy (Al-3.55Cu-1.29Mg-0.01Fe-trace Mn) reinforced with 5 vol pct F-8 SiC whiskers was investigated by measuring hardness and electrical conductivity followed by fracture toughness tests on center-cracked specimens. The ageing time-hardening response plots showed that, independent of whisker orientation, the initial rapid increase in hardness was followed by a more gradual increase, with a broad hardness peak between 32 and 128 hrs of aging. Coincident with the hardness changes, the electrical conductivity initially decreased, reached a minimum, and then increased at aging times beyond 32 hrs. Examination by SEM indicated that the initial increase in hardness and decrease in conductivity was due to the GPB zone formation, while the subsequent increase in electrical conductivity and decrease in hardness (overaging) was due to S nucleation and growth.