cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dissemination and Implementation of Alternative Treatment Methods into Idaho’s Unipolar Mood Disorder Treatment

Research has documented the effects of some alternative methods on mood: exercise (Legrand & Heuze, 2007), diet (Appleton et al., 2007) and supplementation with micronutrients such as iron (Beard et al., 2005), fatty acids (Nemets et al, 2002) and St. John’s wort (Mulrow, 2005), for example, have all demonstrated an ability to positively affect mood. It is unknown to what extent this research has been disseminated or implemented into practice. Procedure: Mental health care practitioners (n = 306) in Idaho were randomly surveyed. Items measuring knowledge and use of the following three methods were asked: exercise, diet, supplementation. Results: Sixty-eight percent of respondents had encountered exercise as a mood disorder treatment option in professional discussion within the last 2 years, 44.7% had encountered dietary methods and 46.5% had encountered supplemental methods in the same context. Sixty-six percent (n=204) of respondents indicated that they used exercise methods to treat mood disorders, 35% (n=108) reported using dietary measures and 19% (n=60) reported using supplemental methods. Specific types of exercise, dietary and supplemental methods used-e.g. yoga, St. John’s wort, etc-are also discussed. Conclusions: The use of some alternative methods for the treatment of mood disorders is common in mental health care practitioners.
Coplanar Stripline Series-Stub With Even Mode Suppression

Coplanar stripline (CPS) series stubs, both the short-circuit and open-circuit terminated stubs, are presented. It is shown that the parasitic even mode (a surface-wave-like mode) on the series stub generates an undesired resonance. An equivalent lattice circuit that describes the desired and undesired modes of the stub is developed. A method to suppress the even mode is presented so the desired series stub characteristics may be obtained.
Optimizing obstetric venous thromboembolism protocol adherence: The experience of a hospital system.

Abstract The purpose of this review is to explore the role of hospital systems in reliably providing high quality obstetric venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis focusing on the example of the Kaiser Permanente Southern California hospital system. While providers ultimately administer thromboprophylaxis on a patient-by-patient basis, hospital-level protocols, practices, and resources may be the most important determinants of whether a patient receives appropriate care. In comparison to the complex maternal and fetal emergencies that obstetricians are routinely called on to manage, VTE prophylaxis can often be simplified and integrated into the workflow, making decision-making time efficient and straightforward for the provider. Not having protocols (i.e. the provider being on their own) is associated with desired management occurring in only 40% of cases. Enhanced VTE protocols with complementary strategies to encourage use and identification of oversights addressed in real time can result in appropriate care in >90% of cases.
Combining Micro and Macro Features for Online Pattern-of-Life Movement Prediction

We investigate the problem of predicting the future location of mobile objects, such as vehicle, ships, or people, in real-time, with a high degree of accuracy. Our premise is that an effective combination of recent and long-term historical data can significantly improve prediction performance by enabling a representation of the patterns-of-life of the objects. However, finding a feature representation that captures the long-term observed history of the objects in a compact yet informative manner is a key challenge in data mining and machine learning. To this end, we propose to combine "micro" features, which capture recent fine-grained trends, in conjunction with "macro" features, designed to summarize the long-term history in a compact yet meaningful manner. Through extensive empirical studies on marine vessels and people movement data, we evaluate the impact of using both micro and macro features on the learned model and demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly enhances predictive accuracy.
What do users say to their natural language interface

A controlled laboratory study was conducted to evaluate a natural language database query program. Our research goal was to assess how well a commercially available natural language interface would meet the needs of a database questioner who had no formal query training. The interface was evaluated by observing seven subjects as they learned and used the product. Results show that the interface had a difficult time understanding the subjects. Only 28% of their first questions resulted in a correct result and 16% of the problems were thought to have been correctly answered by the subject but in fact had not. These results are comparable to results of evaluations of other natural language products and suggest that natural-language-interface users will need to be trained.
High rate of return-to-play following meniscal allograft transplantation

In recent years, meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) has been established as an effective option for young patients with symptomatic meniscus insufficiency with goals of functional improvement and joint preservation. Currently, there is little available information on return-to-play among patients in this cohort. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature and to evaluate the reported rehabilitation protocols, return-to-play guidelines, and subsequent rates of return-to-play following MAT. MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to find studies on MAT. Studies were included if they reported return-to-play data or rehabilitation protocols. The rate and timing of return-to-play was assessed. The rehabilitation protocols were recorded, including time to start range of motion (ROM), full ROM, partial weight bearing (WB), and full WB. Overall, 67 studies met the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies, including 624 patients, reported 483 out of 624 patients (77.4%) returning to play, with 326 out of a reported 475 patients (68.6%) returning to the same/higher level, at a mean time to return of 9.0 months. There was significant variability in the reported rehabilitation protocols, but the most commonly reported time to begin ROM exercises was within the first week by 42 out of 60 studies (70.0%) and full ROM at 8 weeks by 18 out of 46 studies (39.1%). Partial weight bearing was most commonly begun in the fourth week by 20 out of 46 studies (43.5%), and for full WB the sixth week by 43 out of 65 studies (66.1%). Time elapsed following surgery was the most commonly reported criteria for return-to-play by 44 out of 48 studies (91.6%), with 6 months being the most common time point utilized by 17 out of 45 studies (37.8%). A small proportion of studies, 16 out of 48 (33.3%), advised against returning to competitive/collision sports altogether following MAT. In conclusion, there is a high rate of return-to-play following MAT, with the majority of patients returning to the same level of play. However, there is significant variability in reported rehabilitation protocols, and poor-quality reporting in return-to-play criteria in the literature indicates a need for further study and the development of an evidence-based consensus statement for this patient population. The results from this study can be used to better inform patients on their expected outcomes and provide a more informed consent process. IV.
Disintegration Scheme of Re 186

The radiations from ${\mathrm{Re}}^{186}$ have been studied by means of beta-ray spectrometers and scintillation counting techniques. It has been found that ${\mathrm{Re}}^{186}$ decays both by beta-emission and by $K$-capture. Three partial beta-ray spectra of 1.07-, 0.93-, and 0.3-Mev maximum energies have abundances of 76, 19, and 0.4 percent, respectively, and lead to the ground state and 137- and 627-kev excited states of ${\mathrm{Os}}^{186}$. Two $K$-capture branches of 3 and 2 percent abundances lead to the ground state and a 123-kev excited state of ${\mathrm{W}}^{186}$. Transitions between these states give rise to electric quadrupole gamma-rays of 137 and 123 kev and other relatively weak magnetic dipole gamma-rays of 764- and 627-kev energy. A decay scheme in which spins and parities are assigned to all the levels is proposed.
Programmable Spectrometry: Per-pixel Material Classification using Learned Spectral Filters

Many materials have distinct spectral profiles, which facilitates estimation of the material composition of a scene by processing its hyperspectral image (HSI). However, this process is inherently wasteful since high-dimensional HSIs are expensive to acquire and only a set of linear projections of the HSI contribute to the classification task. This paper proposes the concept of programmable spectrometry for per-pixel material classification, where instead of sensing the HSI of the scene and then processing it, we optically compute the spectrally-filtered images. This is achieved using a computational camera with a programmable spectral response. Our approach provides gains both in terms of acquisition speed - since only the relevant measurements are acquired - and in signal-to-noise ratio - since we invariably avoid narrowband filters that are light inefficient. Given ample training data, we use learning techniques to identify the bank of spectral profiles that facilitate material classification. We verify the method in simulations, as well as validate our findings using a lab prototype of the camera.
High-Energy X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy in Materials Science

High-energy diffraction microscopy (HEDM) is an implementation of three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy. HEDM yields maps of internal crystal orientation fields, strain states, grain shape...
E-201 Outcomes of flow diversion of middle and anterior cerebral aneurysms and the incidence of neo-intimal hyperplasia

Introduction Flow diversion of distal aneurysms like the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is a safe and effective treatment modality for wide necked aneurysms, not amenable to any other endovascular approach. We present our experience with flow diversion of distal vasculature and the outcomes. Materials and Methods Distal aneurysms were defined as MCA and ACA aneurysms. All distal aneurysm treatments performed with a Pipeline embolization device (PED) from September 2017 to January 2020 were collected in a prospectively maintained database. Patient demographics, clinical, and angiographic outcomes including digital subtraction angiography were registered. 6 month follow up angiograms were performed when possible to look for resolution of the aneurysm and the incidence of neo-intimal hyperplasia. Results A total of 36 distal aneurysms were treated by pipeline flow diversion, of which 19 were MCA aneurysms and the rest were ACA aneurysms. Mean age is 58± 11 years. 6 month follow up is available for 21 of the 36 treated cases, with 3 being lost to follow up and the rest awaiting 6 month follow ups. From the follow ups available (n=21), the incidence of complete aneurysmal resolution was 76% (16/21). Neo-intimal hyperplasia was seen in 52% (11/21), and all cases with intimal hyperplasia were asymptomatic and had complete aneurysmal resolution. All cases of neo-intimal hyperplasia were mild to moderate and were managed by continuing dual antiplatelet therapy for another 6 months. There were 2 complications in the entire cohort- 1 intracerebral hemorrhage and 1 groin pseudo-aneurysm. There was 1 asymptomatic pipeline occlusion with no clinical manifestations. Conclusion In our experience, flow diversion of distal wide necked MCA and ACA aneurysms is a safe and effective treatment strategy. The presence of neo-intimal hyperplasia after flow diversion of distal aneurysms is a frequent finding at 6 month follow up angiography but has been clinically asymptomatic in all cases. Disclosures G. Kaur: None. K. Dakay: None. C. Gandhi: None. F. Al-Mufti: None. J. Santarelli: None.
Video Object Segmentation with Adaptive Feature Bank and Uncertain-Region Refinement

We propose a new matching-based framework for semi-supervised video object segmentation (VOS). Recently, state-of-the-art VOS performance has been achieved by matching-based algorithms, in which feature banks are created to store features for region matching and classification. However, how to effectively organize information in the continuously growing feature bank remains under-explored, and this leads to inefficient design of the bank. We introduce an adaptive feature bank update scheme to dynamically absorb new features and discard obsolete features. We also design a new confidence loss and a fine-grained segmentation module to enhance the segmentation accuracy in uncertain regions. On public benchmarks, our algorithm outperforms existing state-of-the-arts.
Do macroeconomic fluctuations at destination matter in determining migrants’ return decisions?

Abstract Although a significant portion of migration is temporary, comprehension of factors at destination that can shorten or extend migrants’ stays abroad is still limited. One such unexplored factor is the macroeconomic fluctuation at the destination. Are migrants’ return functions of macroeconomic fluctuations at the destination countries? The question is explored empirically using the variation in Gross Domestic Product per capita growth rates between 2000 and 2009 in the multitude of destinations that Nepali migrants work. Return of Nepali migrants increases as the economy at the destination expands relative to that at home. Additionally, the magnitude and timing of the response vary respectively across foreign earning distribution and contexts.
"I didn't know what I could do": Behaviors, knowledge and beliefs, and social facilitation after distal radius fracture.

Abstract Background Biomedical models have limitations in explaining and predicting recovery after distal radius fracture (DRF). Variation in recovery after DRF may be related to patients’ behaviors and beliefs, factors that can be framed using a lens of self-management. We conceptualized the self-management process using social cognitive theory as reciprocal interactions between behaviors, knowledge and beliefs, and social facilitation. Understanding this process can contribute to needs identification to optimize recovery. Purpose Describe the components of the self-management process after DRF from the patient's perspective. Study design Qualitative descriptive analysis. Methods Thirty-one adults aged 45-72 with a unilateral DRF were recruited from rehabilitation centers and hand surgeons’ practices. They engaged in one semi-structured interview 2-4 weeks after discontinuation of full-time wrist immobilization. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques, including codes derived from the data and conceptual framework. Codes and categories were organized using the three components of the self-management process. Results Participants engaged in medical, role, and emotional management behaviors to address multidimensional sequelae of injury, with various degrees of self-direction. They described limited knowledge of their condition and its medical management, naive beliefs about their expected recovery, and uncertainty regarding safe movement and use of their extremity. They reported informational, instrumental, and emotional support from health care professionals and a broader circle. Conclusions Descriptions of multiple domains of behaviors emphasized health-promoting actions beyond adherence to medical recommendations. Engagement in behaviors was reciprocally related to participants’ knowledge and beliefs, including illness and pain-related perceptions. The findings highlight relevance of health behavior after DRF, which can be facilitated by hand therapists as part of the social environment. Specifically, hand therapists can assess and address patients’ behaviors and beliefs to support optimal recovery.
Aliphatic non-electrolyte organic compounds and narcosis

This chapter provides a short overview of the test results for the individual narcotics, partly in the form of tables, and partly in the form of summarizing notes on the different groups of narcotics and related compounds.
Implied Economic Risk Premiums

The literature on economic risk premiums has largely been based on ex post returns. I construct implied ex ante risk premiums for a list of economic factors, using direct expected returns estimates --- i.e., the implied costs of capital (ICCs). For most factors, ICCs support significant nonzero average economic risk premiums which ex post returns fail to uncover, implying many factors are actually priced from an ex ante perspective. The implied factor risk premiums are powerful predictors for the future ex post returns of mimicking portfolios for many economic factors (e.g., value and size factors, default spread, inflation, the growth rate of labor income, and one-month T-bill real return), both in sample and out of sample. Time-varying ex ante economic risk premiums are significantly suggested by ICCs.
Unbiased Simulators for Anaytic Functions and Maximum Unbiased Simulated Likelihood Estimation

The paper solves a longstanding problem in simulation: How to unbiasedly estimate analytic functions of expectations when the expectations must be simulated. It then applies these to Simulated Maximum Likelihood (SML) estimation. The results include unbiased estimation of finite degree polynomials and other analytic functions, unbiased simulation of the score and likelihood, and the asymptotic properties of SML using these simulators. The motivating application is estimation in the mixed logit model. There are some older related results spread throughout the non-parametric and sequential estimation literatures, these seem unknown to both simulation researchers and practitioners, so they are collected here and presented, in context, with the new results.
Minimizing inductive noise in system-on-a-chip with multiple power gating structures

A multiple power domain strategy in which each power domain has an independent power gating structure is an effective means for reducing leakage power consumption in a system-on-a-chip. During an individual power gating structure power-mode transition, however, serious inductive noise is introduced that may affect normal operation of neighboring circuits. We present a novel power gating structure in which inductive noise is reduced through gradual turn-on and turn-off its sleep transistor. Experimental simulation results with PowerSpice fixtured in different package models demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed power gate switching noise reduction technique.
Routing of Multimedia Streams in Reconfigurable WDM Optical Networks

Multimedia streams have different requirements than those of traditional data traffic, especially in terms of bandwidth; these requirements have to be taken into account when routing such streams. WDM local-area networks with tunable transceivers have an additional degree of freedom over their electronic counterparts: their topology can be dynamically changed. In this paper, we study the problem of routing multimedia streams in WDM networks, taking into account their traffic requirements and making use of the network's ability to dynamically change the topology. We show that the reconfiguration and routing problem can be written as a linear integer programming problem. Since the exact solution to this problem is complex, we present a simpler heuristic, and show that it provides good results, thus obviating the need for the more complicated exact solution. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the WDM network in a realistic traffic scenario, and show that it compares favorably with that of a centralized switch.
Three conductance classes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are expressed in developing amphibian skeletal muscle.

Two previously described classes of nicotinic AChRs in vertebrate skeletal muscle have conductances of 40 and 60 pS. In addition, a third conductance class of AChR channels is present in developing Xenopus muscle. This class appears to represent an independent channel type, rather than a subconductance state of the larger conductance channels. The channel has a slope conductance of 25 pS and a reversal potential of about 0 mV membrane potential. Its kinetic properties resemble those of the 40 pS channels present in early embryonic myotomal muscle. The channel has a mean open time of about 6 msec (at 40 mV applied potential). The open time is dependent on membrane potential and increases e-fold for every 60 mV of hyperpolarization. Consecutive openings were often separated by brief closures of about 0.4 msec in duration. The identity of the channel as a nicotinic AChR was established by blocking the channel openings with alpha-BTX and by demonstrating bursting and desensitization in the presence of high agonist concentrations. In some muscles (e.g., extraocular), this channel may be a predominant form at early developmental stages and could therefore be important to the function of developing synapses in those muscles.
Suicide in Maine: A Social Psychological Approach

This paper reports the results of a field study on five proximal social psychological variables derived from Farber's theory of suicide: Hope in the Future Time Perspective; Demands for Interpersonal Giving; the Availability of Succorance; Demands for the Exercising of Competence; and the degree of Toleration of Suicide. The subjects were mature, long-term residents of counties of Maine that proved stable in their relative rate of suicide. The value for each variable was assessed by a questionnair devised for this purpose by the author. The differences between the mean scale scores for the high and low suicide areas were analyzed by t-tests. The between group differences for all variables were significant at or beyond the .01 level of significance. A correlational study indicated that the relationship among the five variables was compatible with Farber's theory of suicide. The research generally offers strong support for Farber's theory of suicide at the social psychological level of analysis.
Special considerations when treating breast cancer in the elderly.

The growing aging population of the U.S. will lead to an absolute and proportional increase in elderly women with breast cancer. While the underlying biologic characteristics of the disease will not likely change, the health status and life expectancy of the patients will improve. Our decisions regarding therapy must take into account not just the disease we are treating, but the characteristics of the host as well.
Factors Affecting the Survival of Auxotrophs and Prototrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Mixed Populations

Moat, Albert G. (Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa.), Isabel J. Barnes, and Eleanor H. McCurley. Factors affecting the survival of auxotrophs and prototrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed populations. J. Bacteriol. 92:297-301. 1966.-The conditions under which the number of yeast prototrophs, as well as respiration-deficient mutants, could be materially decreased, while allowing the survival of auxotrophic mutants in recoverable numbers, have been investigated in detail. Neither the use of carbohydrates other than glucose to prevent development of respiration-deficient mutants, nor treatment with acriflavine to render all surviving wild types respiration-deficient, provided a selective advantage for the auxotrophs. Increased concentrations of the antifungal agents amphotericin B or endomycin, while reducing the number of respiration-deficient mutants, did not significantly increase the final mutant-wild type ratio. A more soluble form of amphotericin B (Fungizone), when used under carefully defined physiological conditions, produced a significant reduction in the number of surviving prototrophs relative to the surviving auxotrophs, without development of respiration-deficient mutants.
Applying value‐based management to procurement

Value‐based management focuses the efforts of individuals and managers on the creation of value. Starts with an analysis of the literature on general management and materials management and then extends that analysis to the concept of the value system. Identifies particular management variables which are key to efforts in creating value, e.g. organization structure and hierarchy, centralization, information systems, external relationships, job responsibilities and formalization, performance measurement system, and education and training. Groups these into two broad areas: organization design; and human resource management practices. Collectively these variables form the framework for value‐based management. Describes the nature of these variables in both a traditional, function‐based organization and the more contemporary value‐based organization. Applies the value‐based framework to procurement, identifying those actions needed by managers in the transition of the efforts of procurement individuals towards the creation of value.
Distance preservation in color image transforms

Most current image processing systems work on color images, and color is a precious perceptual clue for determining image similarity. Working with color images, however, is not the sam thing as working with images taking values in a 3D Euclidean space. Not only are color spaces bounded, but the characteristics of the observer endow the space with a 'perceptual' metric that in general does not correspond to the metric naturally inherited from R3. This paper studies the problem of filtering color images abstractly. It begins by determining the properties of the color sum and color product operations such that he desirable properties of orthonormal bases will be preserved. The paper then defines a general scheme, based on the action of the additive group on the color space, by which operations that satisfy the required properties can be defined.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effects of elevated female sex steroids on ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism in humans.

2 groups (n=20 each for pill and no pill groups) of young female social drinker were tested with an acute ethanol dose (0.52 g/kg) as a 20% solution in water. Ethanol pharmacokinetics and acetaldehyde were repeatedly assayed from breath by a gas chromatograph. Cardiovascular indices were concurrently recorded. Groups did not differ on ethanol pharmacokinetics. However the group on birth control pills reached a significantly higher acetaldehyde concentration than did the group of normally cycling females not on birth control pills (3.26 ng/ml vs. 1.45 ng/ml). Further the pill group show significantly greater vasodilation 20 minutes postdrink as indexed by ear lobe plethysmography than did the no pill group (P=160.3% vs. NP= 113.9%). Results are consistent with the interpretation that female sex steroids modulate aldehyde dehydrogenase function. Practical implications are that females with elevated steroids (either pregnant or on birth control pills) may be at greater risk for toxic effects of ethanol consumption. (authors)
Monte Carlo study of one-hole band structure in the t-J model.

We present Monte Carlo results for the band structure of the lowest-lying [ital S][sub tot]=1/2 one-hole band in the [ital t]-[ital J] model on 4[times]4 and 6[times]6 lattices. In this paper we report measurements for all [bold k] states in the small [ital t]/[ital J] regime 0[le][ital t]/[ital J][le]0.2, and extrapolate to 0[le][ital t]/[ital J][le]0.5. Our results support the conjecture that the linear-[ital t] component of the bandwidth at small [ital t]/[ital J] vanishes as [kappa]/[ital L][sup 2] in the bulk limit, as was anticipated on theoretical grounds; this implies that the propagation of isolated holes is strongly hindered by the staggered magnetization of the ground state. For this initial study we used a very simple trial wave function for importance sampling; it should be possible to obtain comparably accurate Monte Carlo results for band structure at appreciably larger [ital t]/[ital J] with improved importance sampling.
Mathematical three-dimensional solid modeling of biventricular geometry.

The characterization of regional myocardial stress distribution has been limited by the use of idealized mathematical representations of biventricular geometry. State-of-the-art computer-aided design and engineering (CAD/CAE) techniques can be used to create complete, unambiguous mathematical representations (solid models) of complex object geometry that are suitable for a variety of applications, including stress-strain analyses. We have used advanced CAD/CAE software to create a 3-D solid model of the biventricular unit using planar geometric data extracted from anex vivo canine heart. Volumetric analysis revealed global volume errors of 4.7%, −1.3%, −1.6%, and −1.1% for the left ventricular cavity, right ventricular cavity, myocardial wall, and total enclosed volumes, respectively. Model errors for 34 in-plane area and circumference determinations (mean ±SD) were 5.3±6.7% and 3.8±2.7%. Error analysis suggested that model volume errors may be due to operator variability. These results demonstrate that solid modeling of theex vivo biventricular unit yields an accurate mathematical representation of myocardial geometry which is suitable for meshing and subsequent finite element analysis. The use of CAD/CAE solid modeling in the representation of biventricular geometry may thereby facilitate the characterization of regional myocardial stress distribution.
Classical treatment of the dissociation of hydrogen fluoride with one and two infrared lasers

Abstract Classical mechanics is used to show that hydrogen fluoride may be more easily dissociated with two infrared lasers of different frequencies than with just one. It is shown that the two laser dissociation proceeds by a qualitatively different process than the one laser dissociation.
Interfacial coupling dependence upon the superconducting properties of metallic and insulating YBaCuO composites

Abstract The superconducting and normal state properties of Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 : Y 2 Ba 1 Cu 1 O 5 composites have been measured as a function of the mass ratio of the 1-2-3 to 2-1-1 oxide materials and of the sintering temperatures. As the fraction of 1-2-3 material decreases or as the sintering temperature decreases, the normal state resistivity increases from a metallic-like behavior to a semiconducting-like behavior and the magnetic-field dependence of the diamagnetic susceptibility becomes greater even though the onset of the superconductivity in the 1-2-3 material is unchanged. These results indicate that the intergrain coupling plays an important role in the physical properties and that the compositional variation in this admixture of oxide materials is a method to vary the coupling in these granular structures.
An integrative model of the neural systems supporting the comprehension of observed emotional behavior.

a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Understanding others' emotions requires both the identi! cation of overt behaviors ("smiling") and the attri- bution of behaviors to a cause ("friendly disposition"). Previous research suggests that whereas emotion identi! cation depends on a cortical mirror system that enables the embodiment of observed motor behavior within one's own motor system, causal attribution for emotion depends on a separate cortical mentalizing system, so-named because its function is associated with mental state representation. We used fMRI to test an Identi! cation-Attribution model of mirror and mentalizing system contributions to the comprehension of emotional behavior. Normal volunteers watched a set of ecologically valid videos of human emotional dis- plays. During each viewing, volunteers either identi! ed an emotion-relevant motor behavior (explicit identi- ! cation) or inferred a plausible social cause (explicit attribution). These explicit identi! cation and attribution goals strongly distinguished activity in the mirror and mentalizing systems, respectively. However, frontal mirror areas, though preferentially engaged by the identi! cation goal, nevertheless exhibited activation when observers possessed the attribution goal. One of these areas—right posterior inferior frontal gyrus— demonstrated effective connectivity with areas of the mentalizing system during attributional processing. These results support an integrative model of the neural systems supporting the comprehension of emotional behavior, where the mirror system helps facilitate the rapid identi! cation of emotional expressions that then serve as inputs to attributional processing in the mentalizing system.
Interplay between sodium and calcium dynamics in granule cell presynaptic terminals

Fluorescent indicators were used to detect stimulus-evoked changes in presynaptic levels of intracellular sodium (Na(i)) and calcium (Ca(i)) in granule cell parallel fibers in brain slices from rat cerebellum. Ca(i) increased during stimulation, and three exponentials were needed to approximate its return to prestimulus levels. Ca(i) decayed to approximately 10% of peak levels with tau approximately 100 ms, to approximately 1% of peak values with tau approximately 6 s, and then returned to prestimulus levels with tau approximately 1-2 min. After stimulation, Na(i) accumulated in two phases; one rapid, the other continuing for several hundred milliseconds. The return of Na(i) to prestimulus levels was well approximated by a double exponential decay with time constants of 6-17 s and 2-3 min. Manipulations that prevented calcium entry eliminated both the slow component of sodium entry and the rapid component of Na(i) decay. Reductions of extracellular sodium slowed the rapid phase of Ca(i) decay. These Ca(i) and Na(i) transients were well described by a model in which the plasma membrane of presynaptic boutons contained both a sodium/calcium exchanger and a calcium ATPase (Ca-ATPase). According to this model, immediately after stimulation the sodium/calcium exchanger removes calcium from the terminal more rapidly than does the Ca-ATPase. Eventually, the large concomitant sodium influx brings the exchanger into steady-state, leaving only the Ca-ATPase to remove calcium. This perturbs the equilibrium of the sodium/calcium exchanger, which opposes the Ca-ATPase, leading to a slow return of Ca(i) and Na(i) to resting levels.
Spreading and dewetting in nanoscale lubrication

This article critically reviews the fundamental scientific tools, as well as constructs cohesive schemes for potential applications, relevant to the molecularly-thin liquid film technology. Our focus is to understand the nanoscale dynamic behavior of thin lubricant films, relevant to the emerging field of nanotechnology, especially for achieving durability and reliability in the nanoscale devices. Our goal is to present a unified and hybrid description of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) experiment, mesoscopic interpretation, microscopic simulation tools, and molecular design tools available up to now. The experimentation and theory for the physicochemical properties of ultra-thin PFPE films are used to examine liquid film in the sub-monolayer to multilayer regime. Methods for extracting spreading properties from the scanning microellipsometry (SME) for various PFPE/solid surface pairs and the surface rheological characterization of PFPEs are examined. The interrelationships among SME spreading profiles, rheology, surface energy, and tribology, are given. Mesoscopic theories, including thermodynamics of evaporation and flow, stability analysis, microscale mass transfer, and capillary waves are introduced to describe thin PFPE film dynamics. Estimation of thin film viscosity enhancement from vapor pressure suppression by dispersion force is reviewed. The method for experimental derivation of lubricant spreading profiles from contact angles is summarized. The implications of capillary waves, or thermal fluctuations, at the surface of polymeric lubricant films are also discussed. The lattice-based, simple reactive sphere Monte Carlo (MC) technique for examining the fundamentals of PFPE dynamics is illustrated. An off-lattice based bead–spring MC model is also introduced to capture a detailed internal structure of the PFPE molecules, and the molecular dynamics method is implemented for a full-scale nanostructural analysis of PFPE ultra-thin films. By systematically tuning the endgroup strengths of PFPE, we examined the physicochemical properties for thin liquid films of the various PFPE/solid surface pairings. These tools accurately describe the static and dynamic behavior of ultra-thin liquid films consistent with experimental findings and thus are suitable for examining the fundamental mechanisms of lubrication in nanoscale devices. Application of the next generation head–disk interface design in information storage device is briefly considered.
Quantitative tests of multitrophic ideal free distribution theory

Ideal free distribution (IFD) theory is often used to explain small-scale spatial distributions of organisms. However, few studies have rigorously tested predictions of IFD models in situations involving multiple species and trophic levels. We fully parameterized and tested predictions of a general interference IFD model for both predators and prey in a tritrophic system: seven-spotted lady beetles (Coccinella septempunctata L., Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Hemiptera: Aphididae), and tic bean plants (Vicia faba L., Fabaceae). We used habitat selection treatments having both predators and prey in the presence and absence of one another. We also performed experiments to quantify the strength of interspecific competition, the functional response of predators and several measures of fitness for the prey. Our results show that whether prey were present or not, predators followed IFD predictions and aggregated most strongly in the patch with the highest-quality resource. Prey in the presence of predators followed the predicted IFD, which was similar to a uniform distribution. However, prey in the absence of predators moved infrequently and were far from ideal free, suggesting that predators instigated habitat selection behaviour. Our results underscore the importance of considering trophic interactions and multiple measures of patch quality in studies of habitat selection. The observed departures from theoretical predictions also usefully suggest promising extensions for future theory and experiments.
PEES: physiology-based end-to-end security for mHealth

Ensuring security of private health data over the communication channel from the sensors to the back-end medical cloud is crucial in a mHealth system. This end-to-end (E2E) security is enabled by distributing cryptographic keys between a sensor and the cloud so that the data can be encrypted and its integrity protected. Further, the key can also be used for mutually authenticating the communication. The distribution of keys is one of the biggest overheads in enabling secure communication and needs to be done is a transparent way that minimizes the cognitive load on the users (patients). Traditional approaches for providing E2E security for mHealth systems are based on asymmetric cryptosystems that require extensive security infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a novel protocol, Physiology-based End-to-End Security (PEES), which provides a secure communication channel between the sensors and the back-end medical cloud in a transparent way. PEES uses: (1) physiological signal features to hide a secret key, and (2) synthetically generated physiological signals from generative models parameterized with patient's physiological information, to unhide the key. Moreover, in PEES authentication comes for free since only sensors on the user's body has access to physiological features and can therefore gain access to the protected information in the cloud. The analysis of the approach using electrocardiogram (ECG) and phototplethysmogram (PPG) signals and their associated models demonstrate the feasibility of PEES. The protocol is light-weight for sensors and has no pre-deployment or storage requirements and can provide strong and random keys (≈ 90 bits long). We have also started clinical studies to establish its efficacy in practice.
Relative wear of enamel opposing low-fusing dental porcelain

PURPOSE This study evaluated the wear of human enamel opposing 5 low-fusing dental porcelains and a traditional feldspathic control. In a second experiment, the repeatability of the test method and the effect of ceramic overfiring on enamel wear were also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five low-fusing dental porcelains--Finesse (FI), Rhapsody (RP), IPS d.Sign (DS), Omega 900 (OM), and Duceram LFC (LFC)--and 1 traditional feldspathic porcelain--VMK 68 (VMK)--were formed into disks (n = 10) and used as substrate for the wear test. Enamel was harvested from extracted human molars and machined into cusps with a 5-mm spherical radius (n = 60). The Oregon Health Sciences University oral wear simulator was used to simulate chewing and the size of the resulting enamel wear facets (in mm(2)) were evaluated after a specified number of chewing cycles. A portion of the experiment was duplicated to assess the repeatability of the data and determine the effects of overfiring on enamel wear. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and post hoc tests to determine significant differences. After wear testing, scanning electron micrographs were made using representative ceramic samples from each group. RESULTS The results indicate that none of the low-fusing ceramics resulted in significantly less wear than the VMK control. In fact, 3 of the low-fusing porcelains (OM, RP, LFC) resulted in significantly greater enamel wear than VMK. Enamel wear was not significantly affected (p = 0.29) by the increased ceramic firing temperature. Wear data were repeatable, with no significant difference (p = 0.56) between the enamel wear from 2 separate experiments. The results from both experiments indicated that ceramic material significantly affected enamel wear (p <0.001). There was significantly less enamel wear opposite DS than LFC. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests that variations in ceramic composition and microstructure may affect the opposing enamel wear, but that low-fusing temperatures do not necessarily guarantee low enamel wear. Although the clinical relevance of this testing apparatus may be questioned, the testing method was repeatable.
Role of preoperative biliary drainage of liver remnant prior to extended liver resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Abstract Background In patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, ipsilateral en bloc hepatic resection improves survival but is associated with increased morbidity. Preoperative biliary drainage of the future liver remnant (FLR) and contralateral portal vein embolization (PVE) may improve perioperative outcome, but their routine use is controversial. This study analyses the impact of FLR volume and preoperative biliary drainage on postoperative hepatic insufficiency and mortality rates. Methods Patients who underwent hepatic resection and for whom adequate imaging data for FLR calculation were available were identified retrospectively. Patient demographic, operative and perioperative data were recorded and analysed. The volume of the FLR was calculated based on the total liver volume and the volume of the resection that was actually performed using semi-automated contouring of the liver on preoperative helical acquired scans. In patients subjected to preoperative biliary drainage, the preoperative imaging was reviewed to determine if the FLR had been decompressed. Hepatic insufficiency was defined as a postoperative rise in bilirubin of 5 mg/dl above the preoperative level that persisted for >5 days postoperatively. Operative mortality was defined as death related to the operation, whenever it occurred. Results Sixty patients were identified who underwent hepatic resection between 1997 and 2007 and for whom imaging data were available for analysis. During this period, preoperative biliary drainage of the FLR was used selectively and PVE was used in only one patient. The mean age of the patients was 64 ± 11.6 years and 68% were male. The median length of stay was 14 days and the overall morbidity and mortality were 53% and 10%, respectively. Preoperative FLR volume was a predictor of hepatic insufficiency and death ( P = 0.03). A total of 65% of patients had an FLR volume ≥30% (39/60) of the total volume. No patient in this group had hepatic insufficiency, but there were two operative deaths (5%), both occurring in patients who underwent preoperative biliary drainage. By contrast, in the group with FLR P = 0.009). Patients with an FLR ≥ 30% were more likely to have radiographic evidence of ipsilateral lobar atrophy and hypertrophy of the FLR (46.2% vs. 9.5% in patients with FLR P = 0.004). Conclusions In patients undergoing liver resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, FLR volume of
Preventive Health Care Utilization Prenatal and the First 3 Years in a Utah Population

The utilization of preventive health care services prenatally and for children up to 3 years old was determined by mailed questionnaire. The parents surveyed were randomly chosen from birth records provided by the Utah Bureau of Vital Records. "Adequate use of preventive services" was defined as six prenatal visits for a full-term pregnancy and as seven well-child visits during the first 3 years of life.Responses, received from 219 (36.5%) parents, indicated only 1 percent did not utilize adequate prenatal care. Women made an average of 11.3 visits during their pregnancies; 83 percent saw their prenatal health care provider at least 10 times. Well-child visits were less adequately utilized, an average of 6.3 visits per child. Fifty-six percent made fewer than seven visits; only 23 percent made all of the nine visits recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Patients who made seven or more well-child visits were more likely to have received their fourth diptheria, pertussis, tetanus (DTP) immuniza...
Pancreatic cancer: Sorafenib: no effect on efficacy of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer.

Targeting angiogenesis has not been successful as a treatment for pancreatic cancer. Studies using monoclonal antibodies or small molecule inhibitors of the VEGFR pathway have failed to demonstrate benefit. Now, a phase II study has shown that sorafenib does not improve the efficacy of gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Critical Success Factors in Business Performance Management-Striving for Success

Today, organizations recognize the value of business performance management (BPM) as a way of attaining strategic alignments and as a means of effectively creating and implementing business strategy. Yet, many still struggle in implementing a BPM solution that is enterprise focused and that enables strategic alignment. This article presents a framework for BPM and discusses the major critical success factors that will influence the success of a BPM initiative.
The prevalence of cystic abnormalities of the prostate involving the ejaculatory ducts as detected by transrectal ultrasound

Purpose To determine the prevalence of cystic lesions of the prostate involving the ejaculatory ducts using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS).