cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attachment of Trypanosoma cruzi to mammalian cells requires parasite energy, and invasion can be independent of the target cell cytoskeleton.

We have previously shown that the binding of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes to glutaraldehyde-fixed mammalian cells has the characteristics of a receptor-mediated process and that it mimics the attachment step of the invasion of live cells by this parasite. In this study we examined the metabolic requirements for the attachment of trypomastigotes to glutaraldehyde-fixed fibroblasts. The attachment of trypomastigotes to fixed cells is prevented when the energy conservation mechanisms are inhibited with the drugs 2-deoxyglucose, sodium azide, antimycin, crystal violet, oligomycin, N,N9-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone. However, under the same experimental conditions, the movement of parasites is not significantly affected. Several of these drugs totally inhibit the penetration of the parasite into live target cells. We conclude that the attachment of trypomastigotes to mammalian cells is an active process that requires trypomastigote energy. In addition, we present evidence that penetration into nonphagocytic cells can also be an active process. Trypomastigotes can be seen in scanning electron micrographs traversing extended lamellipodia and entering paraformaldehyde-fixed epithelial cells. Cytochalasin D, a drug that disrupts microfilaments and prevents the formation of plasma membrane extensions mediated by actin, had little or no effect on trypomastigote invasion, while it inhibited Salmonella entry into epithelial cells. Images
Soil Sampling for the Characterization of Hazardous Waste Sites

The planning for and collecting of samples at hazardous waste sites is nearly always the first step in any program that involves the analysis of real-world soil samples. Knowledge of numerous different, yet related, topics, such as data quality objectives (DQO), sampling network design, quality assurance (QA)/quality control (QC), documentation, site characterization, sample collection, and sample handling and preparation, is essential to ensure the success of any program in obtaining accurate (non-biased), precise, and representative soil samples. It is often quoted that during sample collection, 80% or more, for stable contaminants (e.g. heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, polyaromatic hydrocarbons), ranging up to 99.9%, for less stable contaminants (e.g. volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), of the total measurement error associated with a sample occurs. Hence the goal of the program planner is to develop the most efficient sampling design that collects the desired samples while minimizing sample errors. If all of the aforementioned topics are not taken into account during the sample planning and collecting phases of the program, then no matter how good the analytical data may be, the data may lead to incorrect decisions with respect to the extent, distribution, and need for remediation of contaminants at a site.
Agency Theory Issues in the Food Processing Industry

The objective is to identify significant determinants of performance for food processing firms over the 1992 to 2003 time period, focusing particularly on the issue of family control. Variables measuring firm effects such as asset size, governance, income distribution, and risk are used to explain return on equity. This study builds upon previous research by including a measure of income distribution in the food processing industry. Governance variables are found to be significant determinants of return on equity. The results found no evidence of agency problems in family-controlled firms during this time period.
Information studies, the humanities, and design research: interdisciplinary opportunities

As interdisciplinary hubs, information schools have unique opportunities to coordinate research that employs multiple modes of inquiry across areas of common concern. While knowledge production practices from science and social science have found significant representation within information schools, the integration of research approaches from humanities and design perspectives has proceeded more slowly. Communication barriers between practitioners of different research paradigms can be considerable---even something as basic to a scientist or social scientist as posing a research question does not necessarily have a precise equivalent to either a humanist or designer, and the way that a humanist approaches an artifact can also be different from the way that a designer approaches one. However, there are equally significant opportunities for innovative research that combines or crosses paradigms. This paper discusses some of the challenges that make interdisciplinary understanding within information schools difficult, focusing in particular on research orientations of the humanities and of design, and how these differ from data-centric orientations of science and social science. A case study demonstrates that, despite these hurdles, the potential contributions of incorporating humanities and design research within information schools are considerable.
The second person.

Unlike third-person sciences, psychoanalysis is the science of the second person. Briefly tracing the history of our focus on a second person, this paper contrasts two different approaches-the dyadic and the dialogic, proposing the latter as the better model for our field and the one that marks our unique contribution to other disciplines.
Development of a Bio-Production Execution System for Agricultural Operations Management

An open-source bio-production execution system (BES) is proposed to bridge the information gap between the upstream system (center office) and the downstream systems (in-field machines/sensors) to facilitate upstream decision making. The architecture and the functions of the BES are illustrated. The functions of the BES are able to handle the information related to agricultural operations management (AOM). The implementation concerns for the BES regarding different aspects such as bio-production machines (BMs) and bio-production sensors (BSs) are discussed. The implementation of the Web-based user interface for the BES using an interpretive C-based CGI toolkit is described. The potential use of the BES in AOM is demonstrated through two application examples in pistachio harvesting and spraying operations.
Sexual Activity and Other Risk-Taking Behaviors among Asian-American Adolescents

Abstract Study Objective The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature of sexual activity and risk-taking behaviors among Asian-American youth. Design Literature review of sexual activity, alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use among Asian-American adolescents. Results Asian-Americans are the fastest growing racial group in the United States. Asian-American adolescents report lower involvement with sexual activity than all other racial/ethnic peer groups. Once initiated, however, Asian-American adolescents have sexual behavior patterns comparable to other adolescent groups. In general, Asian-Americans have low rates of alcohol and tobacco usage and the males have higher use rates than the females. Degree of acculturation in the United States appears to be associated with risk-taking behavior. Asian-American adolescents also initiate smoking later than other groups. Although drug use among Asian-American adolescents is historically low, there appears to be variability on the level of illicit drug use among certain Asian-American adolescent subgroups. Conclusion Clinicians should focus prevention efforts and education on the Asian-American groups associated with higher risk-taking behaviors, particularly males and those who are more acculturated. Furthermore, to benefit Asian-American youth, anti-smoking education should continue through high school and early adulthood.
An approximation of the end-to-end delay distribution

In this paper we propose an approximation for the end-to-end (queueing) delay distribution based on endpoint measurements. We develop a notion of the end-to-end capacity which is defined for a path of interest. We show that the end-to-end path can be represented by a single-node model with the end-to-end capacity in the sense that the single-node model is equivalent to the original path in terms of the queue-length and the departure. Our study is motivated by the case where the end-to-end delay distribution can be approximated by an appropriately scaled end-to-end queue-length distribution. We investigate the accuracy of our approximation and demonstrate its application to admission control providing end-to-end QoS.
Transcription and expression analyses of WdCHS5, which encodes a class V chitin synthase with a myosin motor-like domain in Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis

WdChs5p in Wangiella dermatitidis is a class V chitin synthase that is required for sustained cell growth at the temperature of infection (37 °C) and its encoding gene, WdCHS5, has a differential expression feature. Nuclear run-on and mRNA stability assays showed that increased WdCHS5 mRNA synthesis was the major factor responsible for the increased WdCHS5 transcript at 37 °C. Epitope tagging of WdChs5p in W. dermatitidis showed that the WdChs5p-myc protein had a differential expression feature that was similar to the differential transcription of the WdCHS5 gene. In conclusion, it is shown that transcriptional regulation is the first and probably the most important control point of the expression of WdCHS5.
Naturalizing Christian ethics: A critique of Charles Taylor's a secular age

This essay critically engages the concept of transcendence in Charles Taylor's A Secular Age. I explore his definition of transcendence, its role in holding a modernity-inspired nihilism at bay, and how it is crucial to the Christian antihumanist argument that he makes. In the process, I show how the critical power of this analysis depends heavily and paradoxically on the Nietzschean antihumanism that he otherwise rejects. Through an account of what I describe as naturalistic Christianity, I argue that transcendence need not be construed as supernatural, that all of the resources necessary for a meaningful life are immanent in the natural process, which includes the semiotic capacities of Homo sapiens. Finally, I triangulate Taylor's supernatural account of transcendence, naturalistic Christianity, and Dreyfus and Kelly's physis-based account of “going beyond” our normal normality in All Things Shining: Reading the Western Classics for Meaning in a Secular Age.
Osteosarcoma of the Jaws: Factors Influencing Prognosis

Purpose To evaluate patient, tumor, and treatment variables associated with survival in patients with jaw osteosarcoma (JOS) and to compare survival in patients treated before 1991 with those managed with more aggressive treatment protocols since 1992. Patients and Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with JOS treated at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1967 through 2007. Patients were divided by treatment date into Group 1, 1967 to 1991 (n = 30) and Group 2, 1992 to 2009 (n = 17). Medical records were reviewed to collect the following: demographic, radiographic, tumor-specific, treatment, and survival data. The 2 subgroups were statistically compared. Results There were 47 patients (32 males, 15 females) with a mean age of 30.9 years (range 4 to 74). Mandibular location showed a trend toward improved survival (P = .06). Average tumor size was 4.38 cm (range 0.5 to 9.0 cm). Larger tumors were associated with decreased overall survival (P = .016). Higher grade tumors had decreased overall survival (P = .01). Clear surgical margins were obtained in 67% of patients. Clear surgical margins correlated with improved survival (P = .002). Maxillary JOS constituted 83% of those with positive margins. Overall, 5-year survival was 68%. Improved 5-year survival was noted in group 2 (77%) compared with group 1 (52%) [P = .0073]. Patients who developed secondary osteosarcomas (n = 10) had 4.5-fold increased risk of death (P = .01). Recurrence was associated with 7-fold increased risk of death (P = .0008). Thirteen patients died of JOS. Conclusions Improved survival was noted in treatment group 2. This group benefited from improved imaging, earlier diagnosis and more aggressive treatment that included improved surgical clearance. A clear survival advantage for neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not demonstrated.
Accelerating a Gibbs sampler for variable selection on genomics data with summarization and variable pre-selection combining an array DBMS and R

Variable selection in high dimensional data is a challenging problem due to the exponential number of variable combinations, and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods represent the state of the art to solve it. With genomics data this problem becomes even more difficult because there are generally more dimensions (variables) than points (records) leading to slow convergence and numerically unstable solutions. On the other hand, despite many alternative prototypes and languages, R remains a popular system to compute machine learning models. Unfortunately, R can be particularly slow with heavy matrix computations and the high number of iterations required by MCMC methods. Moreover, making R scale to large matrices, possibly beyond RAM, requires careful system integration. Recently, array DBMSs have opened the possibility of manipulating matrices of unlimited size. With such motivation in mind, we present algorithmic optimizations to accelerate the computation of variable selection in linear regression with the Gibbs sampler, a fundamental MCMC method. Such optimizations have the potential to accelerate other models. We study how to leverage the speed and scalability of the array DBMS to exploit our optimizations in R. We present a comprehensive experimental evaluation to assess time efficiency and model quality with a cancer data set containing RNA and miRNA variables to predict survival time. We show our optimized algorithm combining DBMS and R processing is significantly faster than R alone. We show our system allows fast joint analysis of RNA and miRNA variables, instead of analyzing them separately. Finally, we confirm our algorithm finds medically significant variables already identified in the biomedical literature. Our optimized MCMC method for the array DBMS can be easily called from R, leaving the final model within R runtime in RAM for further interpretation.
Methodology for Construction of Type Wells for Production Forecasting in Unconventional Reservoirs

Co nstruction of ‘Type Well’ profiles is widely considered to be a useful tool for production forecasting, especially in presentations to investors. Type wells play an important role in estimating the EUR for a particular new well and for undrilled wells. They are responsible for guiding forecasts in wells expected to have similar behavior and characteristics. The conventional approach is to determine the arithmetic average of production during a given month from different wells in a reservoir of interest to create a type well. This methodology is deeply flawed, however, and results in significantly different estimates by different evaluators. The conventional approach may lead to either overestimates or underestimates (usually overestimates) of future production from a particular well or reservoir. This paper discusses the problem in depth and recommends possible ways in which type well construction can be made more realistic. In order to ensure more accurate forecasts from an individual well, a new approach is proposed. A detailed procedure to identify and remove outliers from production data is implemented in the workflow. We analyzed production data from Barnett shale reservoir and incorporated our findings in our proposed method to create type wells for a wide variety of reservoir types, with variations in both rock and fluid characteristics. Our analysis also includes suggestions for applying type well production profiles generated in one portion of a given reservoir to another area in the reservoir with different geological characteristics, notably permeability. Int roduction
Differential scanning fluorimetry based assessments of the thermal and kinetic stability of peptide–MHC complexes

Measurements of thermal stability by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy have been widely used to assess the binding of peptides to MHC proteins, particularly within the structural immunology community. Although thermal stability assays offer advantages over other approaches such as IC50 measurements, CD-based stability measurements are hindered by large sample requirements and low throughput. Here we demonstrate that an alternative approach based on differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) yields results comparable to those based on CD for both class I and class II complexes. As they require much less sample, DSF-based measurements reduce demands on protein production strategies and are amenable for high throughput studies. DSF can thus not only replace CD as a means to assess peptide/MHC thermal stability, but can complement other peptide-MHC binding assays used in screening, epitope discovery, and vaccine design. Due to the physical process probed, DSF can also uncover complexities not observed with other techniques. Lastly, we show that DSF can also be used to assess peptide/MHC kinetic stability, allowing for a single experimental setup to probe both binding equilibria and kinetics.
Hepatic decompensation during direct-acting antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C

Direct-acting antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis C have initiated a revolution in the management and control of this important liver disease [1]. Regimens of 2 to 4 oral agents without interferon or ribavirin regularly produce response rates of 95% or greater, at least with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection [2–4]. More recently, agents with pan-genotypic activity have yielded similar response rates in virtually all HCV genotypes [5–7]. The ease of administration, short duration of treatment, excellent tolerance and absence of severe side effects have made therapy of hepatitis C appropriate to all patients with chronic hepatitis C, regardless of disease severity and irrespective of complicating co-morbidities. Suggestions have been made that therapy extended to all patients with HCV infection might be a viable means of elimination of this disease. Of course, a first priority is to offer therapy to patients with advanced liver disease, who are disabled from cirrhosis or are imminently facing liver transplantation or death [1]. In recent publications, response rates of 85% to 90% have been reported in patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis C (Child-Pugh B or C) [7–9]. In patients with advanced disease, however, issues of safety and tolerance arise. In this issue of Journal of Hepatology, Welker and coworkers report on the high rates of serious complications from oral antiviral regimens in 35 patients with advanced hepatitis C, including seven with fibrosis, 16 with Child-Pugh A and 12 with B or C cirrhosis [10]. Five of the 35 patients developed lactic acidosis, which the authors attributed to mitochondrial toxicity of the oral agents, most probably ribavirin, although all patients also received sofosbuvir.
The Revision of 28 U.S.C. § 1367(C) and the Debate Over the District Court's Discretion to Decline Supplemental Jurisdiction

This Comment first discusses the ALI and its role in proposing statutory revisions. Part II examines the common law leading up to the enactment of the current § 1367, emphasizing the role of judicial discretion in pre-statutory common law. Part III discusses the problems with the present § 1367(c) and the resulting split among the circuits. Part IV discusses the different revisions proposed for § 1367's discretionary provision and critiques the ALI's preferred version. Finally, this Comment concludes that the ALI rejected the best proposed version for §1367's discretionary provision offered thus far, and further concludes that the ALI's preferred revision will not change current misapplications of the statute.
Inhibition of the progesterone-advanced LH surge at proestrus by nicotine.

SummaryWhen proestrous rats were injected with progesterone at 1130, serum LH was highly elevated (643 ± 142 ng/ml) at 1430 in seven rats that ovulated that night in spite of pentobarbital administration at 1430, and somewhat elevated (175 ng/ml) in two similarly treated rats which failed to ovulate. Five saline-treated controls (no progesterone) showed a serum LH level of 34.5 ± 6.1 ng/ml at 1430. When progesterone treatment at 1130 was followed by six half-hourly injections of nicotine tartrate prior to pentobarbital treatment at 1430 none of seven rats ovulated and their serum LH level was 24.5 ± 4.5 ng/ml. Nicotine blocks the advancement of the proestrous ovulatory surge of LH by progesterone.The authors express their appreciation to Mrs. Virginia Hoover for excellent technical assistance, Dr. C. A. Blake for help with RIA technique, Dr. Gordon D. Niswender, for the H-15 antibody, Dr. Leo Reichert, Jr., for the LER-1056-C2 LH for iodination, Mrs. Frances Smith for secretarial assistance, and Mr. Bobby...
INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BURNED RATS TO PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA.

SummaryThe LD50 of Ps. aeruginosa for extensively burned rats 2 minutes after burning, injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously in the burned or non-burned area, was less than 10 organisms. The period of increased susceptibility existed for at least 24 hours when organisms were injected subcutaneously in the burned area but was less than 24 hours when organisms were injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously in non-burned areas.
A CASE OF MESENTRIC VENOUS THROMBOSIS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS

患者は72歳の女性で既往に下肢静脈瘤,陳旧性心筋梗塞,肝硬変,糖尿病を認める.平成18年1月下旬腹痛と下血にて前医入院したが改善せず,翌日腹膜刺激症状出現したため当院紹介受診となった.腹部造影CT検査にて小腸の部分的な高度の壁肥厚を認め,腹膜刺激症状も著明であったため腸管の部分的な血流障害による汎発性腹膜炎を疑い緊急開腹術施行した.空腸が約60cmに渡ってうっ血・壊死しており腸間膜静脈内には血栓を認めた.腸間膜静脈血栓症mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT)と診断し,健常部で腸管を切除し一期的に吻合した.術後は早期より抗凝固療法開始し,術後の腹部造影CTで門脈内に血栓は残存していたが増大傾向なく血流は保たれていた. MVTは急性腹症において比較的稀な疾患であり症状も非特異的であるため早期診断が困難な場合が多い.今回われわれは肝硬変に合併した腸間膜静脈血栓症の1例を経験したので報告する.
A large-scale dataset of solar event reports from automated feature recognition modules

The massive repository of images of the Sun captured by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission has ushered in the era of Big Data for Solar Physics. In this work, we investigate the entire public collection of events reported to the Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase (HEK) from automated solar feature recognition modules operated by the SDO Feature Finding Team (FFT). With the SDO mission recently surpassing five years of operations, and over 280,000 event reports for seven types of solar phenomena, we present the broadest and most comprehensive large-scale dataset of the SDO FFT modules to date. We also present numerous statistics on these modules, providing valuable contextual information for better understanding and validating of the individual event reports and the entire dataset as a whole. After extensive data cleaning through exploratory data analysis, we highlight several opportunities for knowledge discovery from data (KDD). Through these important prerequisite analyses presented here, the results of KDD from Solar Big Data will be overall more reliable and better understood. As the SDO mission remains operational over the coming years, these datasets will continue to grow in size and value. Future versions of this dataset will be analyzed in the general framework established in this work and maintained publicly online for easy access by the community.
The skills of communication between nurses and elderly patients in out-patient department

In order to satisfy the medical needs of elderly patients in out-patient department,this article analyzed the mentality and health needs of elderly patients from the perspective of psychology,and carried out the following improvement measures,such as learning related humanistic knowledge,paying close attention to the use of standardized reception language,making full use of the assistant role before consultation,assigning patients according to demands,and so on.This practice help the nurses to set up patients' needs focused nursing philosophy,facilitated the effective communication between nurse and elderly patients,harmonized nurse-patient relationship,embodied nurses' good professional morality,and obtained elderly patients' good comment.
Some Ideas About Earth Science Culture

This paper discusses our understanding and utilization on the basis of analyzing the meaning of culture and science,and analyses three periods of the development of earth science culture.
Skeletal Muscle Function

Publisher Summary Skeletal muscles comprise approximately 50% of the body's weight; hence, skeletal muscle cells (myofibers) constitute the largest mass of cells in the body that have similar morphological and physiological properties. The protoplasmic properties of contractility and conductility that characterize myofibers are an expression of specialized sarcoplasmic organelles, principally membranes and filaments, which are highly ordered and compartemtalized to serve those functions which in turn impart a distinctive morphology to the myofibers. Studies of muscles have provided excellent examples of the integration of form and function, whereby molecular and organelle structure and function can be directly related to cellular morphology and function, which in turn can be related to the morphology and function of the organs and organisms they serve. This chapter attempts to outline the great diversity that exists in skeletal muscles. By so doing, it is hoped that the knowledge and techniques developed over the past three decades will find their rightful introduction and application to increase recognition and understanding of neuromuscular disorders in clinical veterinary medicine.
A Brief Dietary Assessment Predicts Executive Dysfunction in an Elderly Cohort: Results from the Einstein Aging Study

Objectives To examine the association between diet and executive function, episodic memory and global verbal cognition in the Einstein Aging Study (EAS) cohort and determine whether race modifies this relationship. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Community. Participants EAS participants without dementia who completed the Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment for Patients (REAP) (N = 492). Measurements The previously validated REAP is based on the 2000 U.S. dietary guidelines. REAP scores were dichotomized as less-healthy (<median) or healthier (≥median) diet. Nine neurocognitive tests underwent principle component analysis, revealing three significant orthogonal components: episodic memory, executive function, and global cognition. Impaired cognitive function in each domain was defined as 2 standard deviations (SD) or more below the mean on any task or a total score of 1.5 SD or more below the mean. Using logistic regression, the association between diet and cognitive impairment was assessed, adjusting for age, education, sex, cardiovascular comorbidities, hypertension, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, depressive symptoms, race, and the interaction between race and diet group. Results The sample was 60% female and 74% white and had a mean age of 80. In the entire sample, impaired executive function was associated with the interaction between race and diet group (P = .08), whereas other cognitive domains were not. In race-stratified analyses, healthier diet was associated with lower odds of impaired executive function in whites (odds ratio (OR) = 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.21–0.93, P = .03), as were healthier scores on the saturated fat subscale (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.16–0.71, P = .004). In blacks, REAP scores were not associated with cognitive domains. Conclusion Healthy diet was associated with lower risk of executive dysfunction in whites. Race differences may be due to greater vascular risk in blacks or differences in generalizability of the REAP.
We Need Help in the Delta

The purpose of this study was to better understand the barriers to health promotion among African American older men living in the rural Mississippi Delta. A qualitative, intrinsic case study approach was used to explore the phenomenon of health and the barriers to promoting men’s health within the unique context of the Delta. Data included one key informant interview and two focus group interviews with 14 men, with the majority between the ages of 41 and 55 years. Focus group participants were lay community members as well as members of a volunteer community health advisors men’s group. Findings underscore the extensiveness of the term “health” and the importance of attending to structural barriers in addressing men’s health. Three overarching themes emerged: “men don’t talk about health,” “health care is not just the issue, everything is,” and “we need a strong male to lead.” Implications for future research and health promotion efforts are provided.
High Resolution Tertiary and Quaternary Structural Changes in Deoxy and Liganded Hemoglobin E

Hemoglobin (Hb) E (β26 Glu→Lys), known to be more unstable than HbA in vitro, remains an enigma in terms of its contributions to red blood cell (RBC) pathophysiological mechanisms. EE individuals exhibit a mild, chronic anemia while HbE-β thalassemia individuals show a range of clinical manifestations, including high morbidity and death, often resulting from cardiac disease. To determine pathophysiological consequences originating from HbE, we created a transgenic mouse expressing exclusively human HbE with equivalent α- and β-chains [Chen et al., Blood 106(11):892a, 2005]. This mice model exhibited hematological characteristics similar to human EE individuals: microcytic RBC with low MCV, low MCH but normal MCHC; target RBC; mild anemia with low Hb, low HCT, elevated reticulocytes; and decreased osmotic fragility. These RBC parameters correlated with indications of mild RBC oxidative stress. Importantly, the transgenic mouse model allows us to obtain purified HbE for crystal growth and dynamic studies, without the presence of human HbA 2 (co-expressed in human HbE RBC and difficult to separate). We now present the low [PDB 1YVQ] and high salt [PDB 1YVT] liganded COHbE structures (1.8A resolution) at or near physiological pH. The known in vitro instability of oxy HbE and its propensity for oxidation may be explained by the substitution of the β26 side-chain with Lys resulting in a positive charge repulsion with consequential changes to β117, and other key stabilizing residues at the α1β1 interface that impart normal association and oxidative stability to HbA. The specific alterations observed in this microenvironment may be the key to HbE instability, given the findings by Adachi et al. (Biochemistry, 42:10252, 2003) that β116 in normal HbA plays a critical role in stabilizing α1β1 interactions and inhibiting oxidation. Additionally, the difference in water structure observed in each of our COHbE structures from crystals generated under different conditions clearly suggests that resolved water structure is dependent simply upon crystallization conditions, and caution must be taken in interpretation of thermal instability. The 1.6 A structure of deoxy HbE [PDB 3DUT] (crystallization conditions: pH 6.8, 1.8M ammonium phosphate/ammonium sulfate/citrate) exhibits definitive quaternary change compared to the deoxy HbA structure obtained under similar conditions. These structural findings, explain in part, our recent spectroscopic findings of alterations in oxy and deoxy HbE-nitrite interactions.
Signal Processing in Cyber-Physical MEMS Sensors: Inertial Measurement and Navigation Systems

Motivated by industry needs, this paper focuses on statistical models, descriptive probabilistic data analysis, and data-prescriptive signal processing in smart inertial sensors. These multimode sensors combine physical and cyber components such as solid-state and micromachined motion sensing elements, processing and interfacing integrated circuits, middleware, and software. We develop consistent algorithms and tools based upon cross-cutting engineering science along with substantiation and validation. Fundamental, applied, and experimental results are reported. Our multidisciplinary findings advance fundamental knowledge and enhance transformative technologies. We empower synergetic system-level integration of diverse device physics with descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analyses. This paper contributes to the design and deployment of the next generation of smart sensors which utilize front-end microelectronic, microelectromechanical system, and processing technologies.
Active Two-Dimensional Electric Field Imaging at Very Low Frequencies

We present a 2-D electric field imaging array and a new active method to image objects that are not direct sources of electric fields. The array is comprised of D-dot sensor pixels, which measure current proportional to the time derivative of the electric field, and are multiplexed through a lock-in amplifier, which achieves a high signal-to-noise ratio. By placing a large and flat active electrode parallel to the imager, a known voltage and frequency can be applied to create a uniform electric field. Objects placed in the field will then distort the field in shape and strength. The distortions can then be imaged, analyzed, and interpreted. The objects imaged in this research include bodies of dielectrics (e.g., water), wires carrying a dc voltage, and floating wires.
Triumph of Light or a Beacon of Hope: A Modernist Reevaluation of the Enlightenment

Between 1900 and 1907, Gustav Klimt produced Philosophy, Medicine, and Jurisprudence, three paintings that caused a major controversy in academic circles of Vienna. Representing Modernist thought that had evolved as a progression of the Enlightenment tradition, these paintings, especially Philosophy and Medicine, are philosophical works that correctly interpret and comment upon the role of Philosophy and Medicine as professed by the Enlightenment thinkers. This article is available in Constructing the Past: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol14/iss1/7
Tumor image signatures and habitats: a processing pipeline of multimodality metabolic and physiological images.

To create tumor "habitats" from the "signatures" discovered from multimodality metabolic and physiological images, we developed a framework of a processing pipeline. The processing pipeline consists of six major steps: (1) creating superpixels as a spatial unit in a tumor volume; (2) forming a data matrix [Formula: see text] containing all multimodality image parameters at superpixels; (3) forming and clustering a covariance or correlation matrix [Formula: see text] of the image parameters to discover major image "signatures;" (4) clustering the superpixels and organizing the parameter order of the [Formula: see text] matrix according to the one found in step 3; (5) creating "habitats" in the image space from the superpixels associated with the "signatures;" and (6) pooling and clustering a matrix consisting of correlation coefficients of each pair of image parameters from all patients to discover subgroup patterns of the tumors. The pipeline was applied to a dataset of multimodality images in glioblastoma (GBM) first, which consisted of 10 image parameters. Three major image "signatures" were identified. The three major "habitats" plus their overlaps were created. To test generalizability of the processing pipeline, a second image dataset from GBM, acquired on the scanners different from the first one, was processed. Also, to demonstrate the clinical association of image-defined "signatures" and "habitats," the patterns of recurrence of the patients were analyzed together with image parameters acquired prechemoradiation therapy. An association of the recurrence patterns with image-defined "signatures" and "habitats" was revealed. These image-defined "signatures" and "habitats" can be used to guide stereotactic tissue biopsy for genetic and mutation status analysis and to analyze for prediction of treatment outcomes, e.g., patterns of failure.
Highly efficient and symmetric stacked transformers for millimeter-wave ics

In this paper, silicon based on-chip transformer structures are evaluated for millimeter-wave applications. Laterally coupled planar transformers and vertically coupled stacked transformers are thoroughly studied. A 0.18 μm RS-SOI technology with two thick metals is used for comparison. With stacked transformer configuration, improvements up to 125% (9.6–21.1) in secondary quality factor, 10% (0.5–0.55) in coupling coefficient and 89% (1.31 dB–0.69 dB) in insertion loss at 60 GHz are observed when compared to planar transformer configuration. Further, stacked transformer configurations are shown to have perfect symmetry across both primary and secondary which can be exploited for design of baluns.
Revealing What’s Implicit: Maimonides’ Account of Creation and Revelation beyond Naturalism and Politics

This article reinterprets Maimonides’ theory of creation and revelation by focusing upon the relationship between belief in creation and the affirmation of miracle and law described in Guide II :25. Focusing upon Maimonides’ use of inference to describe creation and revelation, I re-evaluate Maimonides’ account as an instance of inferential reasoning. That is, Maimonides makes use of, rather than proves, the implicit norms of creation and revelation in their explicit function of legal reasoning. Thus, I suggest that Maimonides’ emphasis upon inferential judgment in justifying law is a defense of creation and revelation as rules of reasoning.
The urinary microbiome in women with mixed urinary incontinence compared to similarly aged controls.

INTRODUCTION & HYPOTHESIS:Previous studies have suggested that women with urinary incontinence have an altered urinary microbiome. We hypothesized that the microbiome in women with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) differed from controls and tested this hypothesis using bacterial gene sequencing techniques. METHODS:This multicenter study compared the urinary microbiome in women with MUI and similarly aged controls. Catheterized urine samples were obtained; v4-6 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced to identify bacteria. Bacterial predominance (> 50% of an individual's genera) was compared between MUI and controls. Bacterial sequences were categorized into "community types" using Dirichlet multinomial mixture (DMM) methods. Generalized linear mixed models predicted MUI/control status based on clinical characteristics and community type. Post-hoc analyses were performed in women < 51 and ≥ 51 years. Sample size estimates required 200 samples to detect a 20% difference in Lactobacillus predominance with P < 0.05. RESULTS:Of 212 samples, 97.6% were analyzed (123 MUI/84 controls, mean age 53 ± 11 years). Overall Lactobacillus predominance did not differ between MUI and controls (45/123 = 36.6% vs. 36/84 = 42.9%, P = 0.36). DMM analyses revealed six community types; communities differed by age (P = 0.001). A High-Lactobacillus (89.2% Lactobacillus) community had a greater proportion of controls (19/84 = 22.6%, MUI 11/123 = 8.9%). Overall, bacterial community types did not differ in MUI and controls. However, post-hoc analysis of women < 51 years found that bacterial community types distinguished MUI from controls (P = 0.041); Moderate-Lactobacillus (aOR 7.78, CI 1.85-32.62) and Mixed (aOR 7.10, CI 1.32-38.10) community types were associated with MUI. Community types did not differentiate MUI and controls in women ≥ 51 years (P = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS:Women with MUI and controls did not differ in overall Lactobacillus predominance. In younger women, urinary bacterial community types differentiated MUI from controls.
Eliminating Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV by 2030: 5 Strategies to Ensure Continued Progress.

To keep up momentum in preventing mother-to-child transmission we propose: (1) advocating for greater political and financial commitment; (2) targeting high-risk populations such as adolescent girls and young women; (3) implementing novel service delivery models such as community treatment groups; (4) performing regular viral load monitoring during pregnancy and postpartum to ensure suppression before delivery and during breastfeeding; and (5) harnessing technology in monitoring and evaluation and HIV diagnostics.
National Bureau of Standards' Automation Research Program

Abstract The program focuses on two problems lying close to the core mission of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). First, how will the automated factory ensure that its products are dimensionally compatible with national standards. Second, what new national standards must be developed by the private sector to permit the increased productivity promised by automation to be realized by the free market economy. To explore these problems, an extremely flexible manufacturing research facility, with hierarchical, highly modular control architecture, is being installed. This facility is designed to be capable of emulating a wide variety of manufacturing cells typical of a small machine shop.
Commentary on Litt et al. (2018): Identifying treatment-targeted mechanisms-aim and measure the bullseye.

The search for mechanisms unique to a specific treatment requires identification of an exact treatment target, instruments that are precise in measuring the target, and a statistical approach that will determine whether the given treatment hit the target.
Use of Formal Specification and Design Language for Protocol Description - Field Report -

Due to the growing demands placed on fieldbus systems, continuous development of protocols is required. Since it is becoming difficult to ensure consistency because of the increasing complexity of specifications based on informal text, the formal specification language SDL has been used in the current project. The experiences gained in relation to changes in the development cycle through the use of a formal specification language are described. The link between SDL and MSC, and its strengths and weaknesses are illustrated. The options for verification through simulation are introduced.
Becoming an Engaged Department: Scaffolding Community-Based Learning Into the Hospitality and Tourism Management Curriculum

Universities are embedding and formalizing community-based learning opportunities into their ethos, evolving toward a model of working with community partners in mutually beneficial long-term relat...
Management of Microsurgical Patients using Intraoperative Unfractionated Heparin and Thromboelastography

Background Maintaining optimal coagulation is vital for successful microvascular tissue transfer. The viscoelastic thromboelastography (TEG) is a modern and dynamic method to assess a patient's coagulation status. The aim of this study was to evaluate its diagnostic capabilities of identifying microvascular complications. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted for the most recent 100 cases of abdominal free flap breast reconstruction of a single surgeon. Patient demographics, medical history, clinical, and operative details were documented. Thrombocyte counts, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and various TEG parameters were gathered for preoperative, intraoperative, and two postoperative time points. Results A total of hundred patients were identified, who underwent 172 abdominal-based free flaps for breast reconstruction. TEG was more dynamic compared with PT or aPTT and demonstrated borderline hypocoagulate values intraoperatively upon unfractionated heparin administration and hypercoagulate values postoperatively. In contrast, PT and aPTT demonstrated a continuously hypocoagulable state. Complications included five thrombotic events and three hematomas. The thrombotic cases had much steeper increases of TEG-G between surgery and postoperative day 2 (p = 0.049), while PT and aPTT failed to identify these patients. Of those, two resulted in flap loss (1.2%) that both occurred in patients with abdominal scars from previous surgery. Conclusion The TEG is a useful adjunct for monitoring coagulation status in microsurgical breast reconstruction. When thrombosis at the anastomosis occurs, TEG correlates with a more rapid rebound from an intraoperative hypocoagulable state to a postoperative hypercoagulable state, when using the TEG. The TEG is a valuable tool for a more dynamic assessment of the patients' changing coagulation status.
Shame/Honor, Guilt/Innocence, Fear/Power: A Missiological Response to Simon Cozens and Geoff Beech:

There has been a significant increased interest among academic missiologists and mission practitioners in applying the concepts of shame/honor, guilt/innocence, and to a lesser extent fear/power, i...
Monitoring Device Current to Characterize Trim Operations of Solid-State Drives

Solid-state drives (SSDs) are pervasive in modern computing and have supplanted hard disk drives in many applications. Substantial changes in architecture have brought about not only improvements in speed and energy usage but also new security concerns. The presence of proprietary firmware onboard SSD controllers in particular raises the possibility that data believed by a user or operating system to be deleted physically remains on the drive and can thus be recovered. This security issue has a direct application to malware detection, digital forensics, and consumer privacy. To begin to address this, we propose a novel, noninvasive side-channel approach to infer the SSD trim operation. We demonstrate that it is possible to infer the trim operation with better than 99% accuracy using current probe measurements in conjunction with machine learning techniques. We find that the sampling frequency can be reduced to 200 kSps while maintaining greater than 80% of the total power in the 0–1 MHz band. The classifier accordingly uses only information in the frequency range between 0 and 100 kHz in achieving its high accuracy. We also validate our current probe measurement technique by comparing it with an in-line resistor.
Communication scheduling and remote estimation with adversarial intervention

We study a communication scheduling and remote estimation problem within a worst-case scenario that involves a strategic adversary. Specially, a remote sensing system consisting of a sensor, an encoder and a decoder is configured to observe, transmit, and recover a discrete time stochastic process. At each time step, the sensor makes an observation on the state variable of the stochastic process. The sensor is constrained by the number of transmissions over the time horizon, and thus it needs to decide whether to transmit its observation or not after making each measurement. If the sensor decides to transmit, it sends the observation to the encoder, who then encodes and transmits the observation to the decoder. Otherwise, the sensor and the encoder maintain silence. The decoder is required to generate a real-time estimate on the state variable. The sensor, the encoder, and the decoder collaborate to minimize the sum of the communication cost for the sensor, the encoding cost for the encoder, and the estimation error for the decoder. There is also a jammer interfering with the communication between the encoder and the decoder, by injecting an additive channel noise to the communication channel. The jammer is charged for the jamming power and is rewarded for the estimation error generated by the decoder, and it aims to minimize its net cost. We consider a feedback Stackelberg game with the sensor, the encoder, and the decoder as the composite leader, and the jammer as the follower. Under some technical assumptions, we obtain a feedback Stackelberg solution, which is threshold based for the scheduler, and piecewise affine for the encoder and the decoder. We also generate numerical results to demonstrate the performance of the remote sensing system under the feedback Stackelberg solution.