cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetic and Phenotypic Effects of a Chromosomal Rearrangement Involving the Z-chromosome and a Micro-chromosome in the Chicken

Abstract Measurements demonstrated that the Z-chromosome was truly metacentric. Forty-six percent of one arm of a female’s Z-chromosome had been translocated to a microchromosome (Z-micro) by irradiation of semen. The break was 23 crossover units distal to the late feathering (K) locus. The barring (B) locus on the non-broken arm assorted almost independently of the Z-micro segment. Semen from eight sons of this Z-micro female was used to inseminate 98 dwarf (dw) broiler-type females. From karyotypes of 147 male and 149 female progeny, we identified 69 males heterozygous and 79 females hemizygous for Z-micro. Body weight of 43 males heterozygous for Z-micro was significantly greater than that of 45 normal Z paternal half-brothers at all ages from 2 to 24 weeks. In contrast, body weight of 57 Z-micro females compared with their 56 normal Z paternal half-sisters was depressed significantly at 2, 4, and 6 weeks but not significantly at 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks of age. Age at first egg was retarded 8 days and egg production over a 153 day test period was reduced 19.6%, primarily due to a reduction of egg laying sequence from 2.7 to 2.1 days in the Z-micro females.
Review of the fossil record of sturgeons, family Acipenseridae (Actinopterygii: Acipenseriformes), from North America

The pre-Pleistocene fossil record of sturgeons (family Acipenseridae) from North America is reviewed based on a survey of reports in the literature and firsthand examination of specimens in museum collections. We provide a redescription of the only known specimen of † Protoscaphirhynchus squamosus(Late Cretaceous, Montana), a very poorly preserved specimen for which few morpho- logical details can be determined. Three taxa described as species of the genus Acipenser from North America († A. albertensis ,† A. eruciferus, and † A. ornatus) were described based on isolated and fragmentary remains, and are here considered to be nomina dubia. The earliest reported remains of North American sturgeons are from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian to Campanian Milk River For- mation). There is a relatively continuous record, with the exception of the Eocene and Oligocene, in which there are few (potentially in the Eocene) or no (Oligocene) known specimens available in collections. We have found that nearly all specimens are best regarded as Acipenseridae indeterminate genus and species due to their fragmentary preservation and lack of preserved diagnostic characters.
Effects of Processing Difficulty on Eye Movements in Reading: A Review of Behavioral and Neural Observations

In reading, text difficulties increase the duration of eye fixation and the frequency of refixation and regression. The present article reviews previous attempts to quantify these effects based on the frequency of effect theory (FET), and links these effects to results from microstimulation of primate supplementary eye fields. Observed stimulation effects on the latency and frequency of visually-guided saccades depend on the onset time of electric current relative to target onset, and the strength of applied current. Resultant saccade delay was only observed for those made towards a highly predictive location ipsilateral to stimulated SEF sites. These findings are interpreted in the context of reading, where the detection of processing difficulty allows a suppression signal to supersede a forward saccade signal in a time race. This in turn permits a cognitively-based refixation/regression to be initiated in place of the suppressed forward saccade.
Advocacy in practice

and in the concept of advocacy. Advocacy is defined as the act or pro cess of defending or promoting a cause and the subsequent pleading of that cause.1 The advocate himself serves as a partisan in a social conflict and uses his expertise exclusively to meet his client's interests.2 He argues for, defends, maintains, or rec ommends a cause or a proposal.3 Brager chooses the phrase "advocate re former" to describe a person who identifies with the plight of the disadvantaged.4 His primary responsibility is the tough-minded, partisan representation of the interests of the disadvantaged, and this responsibility supersedes his allegiance to others. This role inevitably requires the practitioner to function as a political tactician. Brager does not rule out advocacy on behalf of clients, because he is concerned with an aggrieved class of people for whom social workers are to advocate their issues. Briar speaks about a "caseworker-advocate" who becomes his client's supporter, adviser, champion, and, if need be, representative in his dealings with the court, police, social agency, and other organizations that in volve his well-being.® This article raises questions about social work advocacy and reviews the conceptual framework of advocacy. It proposes posi tions that may be adopted by practitioners in social welfare and by schools training students for field service. This article also
Epstein-Barr virus infection of cryopreserved umbilical cord blood lymphocytes.

SummaryWe have described the application of cryopreservation technology to freeze storage of human primary umbilical cord blood lymphocytes and have shown that the cryopreserved cells remain as sensitive to EB virus infection and transformation as the fresh autologous lymphocytes. The methodology has been satisfactorily applied to primary peripheral blood lymphocytes from adult human sources, and has been a convenient time and resource saving advance.
An analytical approach to grid sensitivity analysis

Sensitivity analysis in Computational Fluid Dynamics with emphasis on grids and surface parameterization is described. An interactive algebraic grid-generation technique is employed to generate C-type grids around NACA four-digit wing sections. An analytical procedure is developed for calculating grid sensitivity with respect to design parameters of a wing section. A comparison of the sensitivity with that obtained using a finite-difference approach is made. Grid sensitivity with respect to grid parameters, such as grid-stretching coefficients, are also investigated. Using the resultant grid sensitivity, aerodynamic sensitivity is obtained using the compressible two-dimensional thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations.
Attacking the clinical care gap.

Just as research laboratories and academic centers are leaders in formulating new concepts of medical care, small hospitals must pioneer in applying and modifying these concepts to fit the requirements of patient care. This volume is a translation of many such innovative concepts into programs for the clinician, which have been used successfully at Montrose Memorial Hospital, Montrose, Colorado.
Appraisal-based public relations stances in crisis situations: Conation revisited

Abstract Many studies have focused on the role of accommodation during crisis for contingency theory, most notably Jin and Cameron’s 2007 study of the effects of threat types and duration on PR practioner’s [sic] cognitive, affective and conative responses in crisis situations. However, none have compared the perceptions of accommodation stances between public relations practitioners, public relations faculty and public relations students.
Inhibition of mammillary body neurons by direct activation of Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors

The mammillary body is an important neural component of limbic circuitry implicated in learning and memory. Excitatory and inhibitory inputs, primarily mediated by glutamate and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), respectively, converge and integrate in this region, before sending information to the thalamus. One potentially overlooked mechanism for inhibition of mammillary body neurons is through direct activation of Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Here, whole-cell patch clamp recordings of in vitro slice preparations containing the mammillary body nuclei of the mouse were employed to record responses to bath application of pharmacological agents to isolate the direct effect of activating Group II mGluRs. Application of the Group II mGluR specific agonist, APDC, resulted in a hyperpolarization of the membrane potential in mammillary body neurons, likely resulting from the opening of a potassium conductance. These data suggest that glutamatergic inputs to the mammillary body may be attenuated via Group II mGluRs and implicates a functional role for these receptors in memory-related circuits and broadly throughout the central nervous system.
Transferred-substrate HBTs with 254 GHz f

The authors report the simultaneous achievement of record current gain cutoff frequency f/sub /spl tau// and high power gain cutoff frequency f/sub max/ in a transferred-substrate HBT. The device parasitics are examined, and inferences made about the relative value of various approaches toward further improvements in f/sub /spl tau// and f/sub max/. Transferred-substrate HBTs with record f/sub /spl tau// of 254 GHz are reported.
Fusion and Desulfurization Reactions of Thiomorpholinochlorins

An unusually nonplanar, ruffled structure that had been suspected for the previously reported [2,3-bismethylenethiomorpholinochlorinato]nickel(II) complex was confirmed by determination of its crystal structure. Treatment of this thiomorpholinochlorin with acid converts the exocyclic double bonds to direct links to the ortho-positions of both adjacent meso-phenyl groups. The crystal structure of this product indicated that the introduction of these linkages did not change the overall conformation of the macrocycle. The reactivity of the bis-linked thiomorpholine moiety with respect to Raney-nickel-induced (hydro)desulfurization reactions was probed, forming a bis-phenyl-linked 2,3-dimethylchlorin, also characterized by X-ray diffraction, and a bis-indene-annulated porphyrin. We also report on the synthesis of the oxygen analogue to the bis-linked thiomorpholine by reaction of a secochlorin bisketone nickel complex with Woollins’ reagent. We thus introduce novel methodologies toward the synthesis of porphy...
Risk and Resilience in Late Adolescence

Differences among three outcome groups of late adolescents identified as at risk for major depression were investigated. Adolescents with major depression, with other psychiatric diagnoses, and with no diagnoses differed in major areas of functioning and well-being, with the most difficulties shown by those with depression. The phenomenon of resilience was examined among the at-risk adolescents with no diagnosis, revealing that family cohesion and social support are associated with resilience. Implications for social work practice and research include the need to focus on promoting family strengths.
Field report: Exploring the Doonerak fenster of the central Brooks Range, Alaska, USA

Abstract Arctic Alaska is a ‘suspect’ terrane that encompasses approximately 20% of Alaska, stretching from the southern Brooks Range all the way to the continental shelves of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. Although the origin and subsequent travels of this large crustal fragment are debated among geologists, most researchers agree upon its composite nature and exotic origin. To constrain the early geological history of this terrane, we describe a recent expedition to the Doonerak fenster of the central Brooks Range. This area has long been regarded as a key locality for understanding the structural evolution of the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Brooks Range orogen; however, our target was different: a unique sequence of volcanic and siliciclastic rocks (Apoon assemblage) exposed beneath a profound pre-Mississippian unconformity, which we argue is of key importance to understanding the early Paleozoic tectonic history of northern Alaska and the greater Arctic.
MECHANISMS OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN YOUNG WOMEN AND DISCHARGE MEDICATION PATTERNS

Background: Acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) in young women is a heterogeneous disease, with implications for diagnosis and treatment; yet data are limited. We aimed to characterize mechanisms of AMI and inpatient practice patterns among women aged ≤55 years presenting to a large urban hospital
Exercise and CKD: Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Practical Application of Exercise to Prevent and Treat Physical Impairments in CKD

Patients with chronic kidney disease experience substantial loss of muscle mass, weakness, and poor physical performance. As kidney disease progresses, skeletal muscle dysfunction forms a common pathway for mobility limitation, loss of functional independence, and vulnerability to disease complications. Screening for those at high risk for mobility disability by self-reported and objective measures of function is an essential first step in developing an interdisciplinary approach to treatment that includes rehabilitative therapies and counseling on physical activity. Exercise has beneficial effects on systemic inflammation, muscle, and physical performance in chronic kidney disease. Kidney health providers need to identify patient and care delivery barriers to exercise in order to effectively counsel patients on physical activity. A thorough medical evaluation and assessment of baseline function using self-reported and objective function assessment is essential to guide an effective individualized exercise prescription to prevent function decline in persons with kidney disease. This review focuses on the impact of kidney disease on skeletal muscle dysfunction in the context of the disablement process and reviews screening and treatment strategies that kidney health professionals can use in clinical practice to prevent functional decline and disability.
How to Handle Online Risks?: Discussing Content Curation and Moderation in Social Media

Amidst proliferation of online negativity and harmful content such as fake news and harassment on social media, this panel will be an active discussion of the potential roles of various actors in sociotechnical systems in curating, moderating, and studying content. Should companies intervene? Why or why not, and if so, to what extent? What role do academics play in this process and how does it affect research processes? Our multidisciplinary panelists represent humanities, computer science, law, and media psychology. They will share perspectives based on their own research and interact with the audience to discuss varied perspectives around these central questions. A primary goal is to think about how, moving forward, these issues affect HCI research.
A multifactorial obesity model developed from nationwide public health exposome data and modern computational analyses.

Summary Statement of the problem Obesity is both multifactorial and multimodal, making it difficult to identify, unravel and distinguish causative and contributing factors. The lack of a clear model of aetiology hampers the design and evaluation of interventions to prevent and reduce obesity. Methods Using modern graph-theoretical algorithms, we are able to coalesce and analyse thousands of inter-dependent variables and interpret their putative relationships to obesity. Our modelling is different from traditional approaches; we make no a priori assumptions about the population, and model instead based on the actual characteristics of a population. Paracliques, noise-resistant collections of highly-correlated variables, are differentially distilled from data taken over counties associated with low versus high obesity rates. Factor analysis is then applied and a model is developed. Results and conclusions Latent variables concentrated around social deprivation, community infrastructure and climate, and especially heat stress were connected to obesity. Infrastructure, environment and community organisation differed in counties with low versus high obesity rates. Clear connections of community infrastructure with obesity in our results lead us to conclude that community level interventions are critical. This effort suggests that it might be useful to study and plan interventions around community organisation and structure, rather than just the individual, to combat the nation’s obesity epidemic.
Central Limit Theorems

Much asymptotic theory boils down to careful application of Taylor’s theorem. To bound remainder terms we impose regularity conditions, which add rigor to informal approximation arguments, but usually at the cost of increased technical detail. For some asymptotics problems, especially those concerned with central limit theorems for statistics defined by maximization or minimization of a random process, many of the technicalities can be drawn off into a single stochastic equicontinuity condition. This section shows how. Empirical process methods for establishing stochastic equicontinuity will be developed later in the chapter.
Pathways of propagation of the canine gastric pacesetter potential.

Our objective was to determine what structures propagate the canine gastric pacesetter potential (PP). Of 15 dogs, 4 underwent transverse transection of the entire gastric wall, followed by immediate anastomosis, and 11 had excision of a 1-cm circumferential band of (1) the circular oblique muscle alone, (2) the entire tunica muscularis, or (3) the longitudinal muscle alone. Gastric electrodes were implanted orad and aborad to the operative sites, all of which were 5 cm orad to the pylorus. After recovery, recordings were made intermittently, during 4 to 6 months, from the conscious animals during fasting, during intravenous infusion of pentagastrin (0.1 μg per kg per min), and during hypoglycemia induced by intravenous injection of insulin (1 U per kg). Gastric transection and circular myomectomy temporarily interrupted propagation of the PP across operative sites, but recovery occurred by 14 days. In contrast, excision of the entire tunica muscularis or longitudinal myomectomy interrupted propagation permanently; the mean frequencies of the PP were 4.8 cycles per min orad and 2.0 cycles per min aborad to the operative sites 3 months after operation. Neither pentagastrin nor insulin restored disrupted propagation. Our experiments demonstrate that the longitudinal muscle layer, or structures associated with it, propagates the canine gastric PP.
Roosting under tree leaves in Schwartz’s Myotis (Chiroptera)

Schwartz’s Myotis (Myotis martiniquensis LaVal, 1973) is an endemic bat of Martinique; its roosting behavior is virtually unknown. I report an observation of Schwartz’s Myotis roosting under a tree leaf, which is unusual for New World Myotis. Such roosting habits might have evolved due to the paucity of caves in the small geographic range of this species.Keywords: behavior, Coccoloba punescens, Martinique, Myotis martiniquensis, West Indies.
A review of earth abundant ZnO-based materials for thermoelectric and photovoltaic applications

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an earth abundant wide bandgap semiconductor of great interest in the recent years. ZnO has many unique properties, such as non-toxic, large direct bandgap, high exciton binding energy, high transparency in visible and infrared spectrum, large Seebeck coefficient, high thermal stability, high electron diffusivity, high electron mobility, and availability of various nanostructures, making it a promising material for many applications. The growth techniques of ZnO is reviewed in this work, including sputtering, PLD, MOCVD and MBE techniques, focusing on the crystalline quality, electrical and optical properties. The problem with p-type doping ZnO is also discussed, and the method to improve p-type doping efficiency is reviewed. This paper also summarizes the current state of art of ZnO in thermoelectric and photovoltaic applications, including the key parameters, different device structures, and future development.
Applications of the Epimorphism Theorem to Partial Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients

We denote by E’ the space of distributions in R n having a compact support. We recall that the space of all the distributions in R n , D’, is a convolution module over E’: that is to say, (µ, v) → µ*v is a bilinear mapping of D’ × E’ into D’.
4HE EXPERIMENTS NEAR TLAMBDA IN A LOW-GRAVITY SIMULATOR

We report on our latest measurements of gravity cancellation in the low-gravity simulator using a magnetostrictive force. We made these measurements using a new thermal conductivity cell design that is 0.5cm in diameter and 0.5cm in height. Gravity cancellation was verified by measuring both the reduction in the Tλvariation across the cell and the suppression of thermal convection as a function of the magnetic field. Full gravity cancellation was achieved in the simulator with B(dB/dz) ≈ 21 T2/cm, agreeing well with the calculated value and the valve found from levitating drops of helium.
Introduction: Any Resemblance to Real Persons or Actual Facts Is [Not] Purely Coincidental

The book traces, for the first time, the global history over the last 60 years of “investigative cinema.” The films under consideration reconstruct actual events, mainly political crises and conspiracies. They stylistically blend a documentary approach with fictional and self-reflexive styles typical of Italian post-neorealism, the French New Wave, the New Hollywood, the New Latin American Cinema, and, more recently, transmedia adaptations and network cinema. The project discusses the inadequacy of the label “political” for these works with an analysis of how the tendency anticipated key ideas behind contemporary convergence culture and multimedia storytelling.
Use of Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis to Design Safer Opioid Prescribing Processes

A team of systems engineers, clinicians, and healthcare researchers evaluated the Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) method to analyze and design a process to ensure safe opioid prescribing ...
“Les metamorphoses”: Civil Rights, Ethnic Revival, and New Regional Sounds

In a region bathed in its mythology of itself—Evangeline Parish having been named for the ill-fated romantic heroine of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s poem—race and genre were also the stuff of myth-making. As the sounds of urban African-American culture drew the younger generation of Creole musicians away from traditional music and Creole accordionists began to imitate, and to identify with, the highly amplified Texas zydeco sound they heard on records and on the radio, the music culture of Southwest Louisiana fractured along generational as well as racial lines. Younger Cajun musicians, drawn to rock much the same way those of an earlier generation had incorporated country and western instrumentation and styles into their sound, had less interest in old-time music traditions.
Publishing Your Clinical Trial

Publication of a clinical trial is the culmination of an enormous effort; one that deserves an accurate and transparent report. Although the trial protocol and statistical analysis plan serve as the framework for a clear presentation of the results, it is an arduous task to condense the thousands of design details, data points, and analyses into a concise manuscript. Appointing a publication committee to outline the manuscript, settling questions of authorship, and selecting a target journal assures timely publication of the final report. Guidelines, including the CONSORT Statement, assist in writing a report that is complete and provides maximum value to the medical community. After the initial publication, a thoughtful secondary analysis plan not only maximizes knowledge gained from trial data, it can also help mitigate bias when there are unexpected results. Developing a data sharing plan ensures that the trial data continues to be useful long after the primary and secondary analyses are completed.
Dyna-Bolt: Domain Adaptive Binary Factorization Of Current Waveforms For Energy Disaggregation

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is the set of algorithmic techniques for inferring the operational states of individual appliances in a household given the aggregate electrical measurements at a single point of instrumentation. Most successful techniques to-date approach the problem from a supervised learning perspective and thus rely on labeled data, which is costly to obtain, and assume similar data distributions for appliances beyond those in the training set. To alleviate this problem, we formulated NILM in a domain adaptation context. Using Binary OnLine FactorizaTion (BOLT) as the baseline model, we first demonstrate that direct application of domain adversarial training without application-specific modifications is unsuccessful, and hypothesize that this may be due to differences in the data distributions. We then propose Dyna-BOLT: a domain-adaptive variant of BOLT, in which we 1) provide private decoders for the source and target domains to account for the differences in current waveforms, and 2) tie the weights between the two decoders using a metric that was specifically trained to distinguish between appliance classes. We evaluate Dyna-BOLT on a publicly available dataset (REDD) and demonstrate that it compares favorably to unsupervised methods.
The Crosscutting Benefits of Hospital Emergency Preparedness Investments to Daily Operations: A Hospital Senior Leadership Perspective

Hospitals are an integral part of community resiliency during and after a disaster or emergency event. In addition to community-level planning through healthcare coalitions, hospitals are required to test and update emergency plans to comply with accreditation standards at their own expense. Justifying costs related to investments in emergency preparedness can be a barrier, as these events are relatively rare. Little is known about the crosscutting benefits of investments in daily operations including patient care. This study investigated whether hospital investments in emergency preparedness had a perceived impact on daily operations from a senior leadership perspective. Using a cross-sectional study design, a 39-item survey was emailed and mailed to chief executive officers of all 105 Nebraska hospitals. Most respondents indicated that drills and exercises, staff training, and updating emergency plans had a positive impact on daily operations. A relatively small proportion (≤11%) of respondents indicated that costs of buying decontamination equipment, personal protective equipment, and costs associated with staff training and drills/exercises had a negative impact on daily operations. No differences were noted between rural and urban locations or between hospitals that allocate funds in the budget versus those that do not. The majority of hospitals in our study are likely to continue to invest over the next 3 years, inferring a sincere commitment by hospital senior leadership to continue to invest in emergency preparedness. Future research using longitudinal design and objective measures of investments and daily benefits is needed to support a business case for hospital preparedness.
Perturbation of 1JC,F Coupling in Carbon-Fluorine Bonds on Coordination to Lewis Acids: A Structural, Spectroscopic, and Computational Study.

A lithiated m-terphenyl ligand bearing fluorine atoms at the ortho positions of the flanking aryl rings was synthesized and characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction, variable-temperatur...
Pushover Analysis and Seismic Response of UHPC Two-Column Bridge Bent

Advanced behavior of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is attracting a growing interest in the construction industry worldwide. Currently, UHPC is used widely in bridge deck joints and connections, while it has a great potential to be extended to larger structural applications. However, the structural behavior of UHPC for larger components is still not fully understood. The objective of this study is to better understand the overall behavior and failure mechanism of UHPC components (mainly bridge columns) using detailed finite element modeling. In particular, this paper investigates the validity of Total Strain Crack model, as a readily implemented model in DIANA FEA software, in capturing UHPC columns failure mechanism. The uniaxial behavior of UHPC in tension and compression are independently defined using the existing uniaxial stress-strain curves from the literature. The pushover response of a two-column bent of a prototype bridge with the typical geometry available in Caltrans Bridge Academy documents is studied. Besides, a reference two-column bent,of conventional concrete with the same geometry,is modeled. The reference bent is used to investigate the relative increases in strength and ductilitycapacitiesof UHPC column compared to the conventional one. Furthermore, the effect of different reinforcement ratios, steel grades and steel hardening effects on the overall behavior of UHPC columns are investigated.
O "Amor Brasileiro" de Vsiévolod Ivanov

In 1926, Vsevolod Ivanov, a pioneering Soviet writer canonized on the pages of the legendary journal Krasnaia nov’, published a short story entitled “A Brazilian Love” in the illustrated magazine 30 dnei. There is no evidence that Ivanov ever visited Brazil, suggesting that the representation of the country in the short story is founded on second-hand information; on the other hand, not only does Ivanov produce a stereotype of a distant and exotic culture in “A Brazilian Love,” but he also transposes onto that world a lingering hesitation regarding the Soviet reality, generating a kind of cultural translation of the uncertainties of the Bolshevik project into a mythical Amazon Forest literally inhabited by Russian emigres.
Production of functionalized carbon from synergistic hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae and swine manure

Abstract Conventional approaches of making biochars are typically through single sourcing of the feedstock. Here, we hypothesize that multi sourcing can be used to develop tailored functionalized biochar where select functional groups are inherently grafted onto the biochar surface. To test this hypothesis, we used hydrothermal co-liquefaction to produce biochar from various blends of microalgae Cyanidioschyzon merolae (CM) and swine manure (SM). We further characterized each biochar's physicochemical and surface properties to qualify them for applications in construction and manufacturing. In the blended cases, 20–80 CM-SM had the highest biochar yield of 27.06 wt.%, while 80–20 CM-SM had the highest volatile matter, 32.2%. The crystallinity of the biochars ranged from 40–55%. The specific surface area was measured to be in the range of 1.53–5.86 m2/g and average pore size was in the range of 250–360.56 A. The study results showed presence of functional groups such as alcohols, amides, free fatty acids/esters, cyclic- and straight-chain hydrocarbons on the surface of biochar, which could in turn promote biochar's application as a free-radical scavenger in construction and manufacturing. It should be noted that the use of biochar as a soil amendment is not enough to address the growing piles of biowaste. The outcomes of this study could enable development of non-conventional applications for functionalized biochar. Considering the urgent need for forest management and biowaste valorization, developing viable applications for biochar is significant not only for resource conservation, but also for forest management and environmental sustainability.
Commentary on Boyles v. Kerr (Texas 1993) for Feminist Judgments: Rewritten Torts Opinions

This paper comments on Professor Cristina Tilley's rewritten feminist opinion in Boyes v Kerr (Texas 1993). The Texas Supreme Court in Boyles v. Kerr rigidly refused to extend the state’s negligent infliction of emotional distress (NIED) precedents to permit recovery when the plaintiff was a young woman (Susan Kerr) whose emotional distress was the consequence of her lover (Dan Boyles, Jr.,), in collaboration with three friends, surreptitiously videotaping the pair having sex and then sharing the video with his fraternity brothers at the University of Texas. But the feminist rewrite of Professor Tilley (writing as Justice Tilly) makes clear that the salient doctrines were and are more than capacious enough to have permitted Kerr’s NIED recovery. In fact, the myriad opinions in Boyles, as well as their extensive discussion of NIED’s history and precedents, reveal a highly malleable claim, the evolution of which reveals clearly gendered themes and trends.
Deploying Multi-Modal Communication Using Augmented Reality in a Shared Workspace

Robots are no longer working isolated in safety fences and Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) is becoming one of the most promising topic of research to improve the efficiency in many application scenarios. Sharing the same workspace, both human and robot should clearly understand the intentions and motions of each other, in order to enable an efficient and effective interaction. In this work we propose an AR-based system to show the robot planned motion and target to the worker. We focused on representing this information in an intuitive way for inexperienced users. We introduced a multi-modal communication feedback in order to enable the user to agree with or change the robot plan using gestures and speech. The effectiveness of the system has been evaluated with test cases performed by a group of testers with no robotic experience. The results showed that the system helped the user to better understand the robot intentions and planned motion, improving the ergonomics and trust in the interaction. Furthermore, the evaluation included the rating of the different input modalities provided, in order to compare the different ways of communication proposed.
Generic Automated Lead Ranking in Dynamics CRM

We developed a generic framework which enables Customer Relationship Management (CRM) organizations to deploy an automated ranking system for leads (commonly known as ‘lead scoring’). Leads are records that represent non-customers who might become customers. Lead ranking is a fundamental CRM problem with many flavors. Ranking serves as a prioritization management tool for CRM organizations, with many characteristics similar to those of recommender systems. We present the system with its most recent developments, emphasizing challenges that go beyond the core of the learning algorithm, and that have played an instrumental role in maturing the system into a trustable feature, robust to different types of organizations and datasets. Particularly, we present features which enable Human in the Loop [1], a dominant concept in both configuration and result consumption. Another type of features demonstrates the addition of domain knowledge into the machine learning based process. We present the concepts of feature selection, with and without human help, prediction explanations, insights on model inputs, data quality issues, training for UX consistency, and actionability for each individual prediction.
Age- and Sex-Dependent Nicotine Pretreatment Effects on the Enhancement of Methamphetamine Self-Administration in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

INTRODUCTION Initiation of tobacco products typically occurs in adolescence. Adolescence is a critical period in development where the maturation of brain neurocircuitry is vulnerable to nicotine. Nicotine-containing products and psychostimulants, such as methamphetamine (METH), are often co-abused. Rodent studies have shown that nicotine exposure in early adolescence increases subsequent drug intake and reward. Given the exponential increase in e-cigarette use among adolescents, there is a pressing need to understand whether adolescent nicotine exposure impacts concurrent increased methamphetamine use. The objective of this study is to evaluate age, sex, and longitudinal effects of nicotine pretreatment on methamphetamine reinforcement. METHODS Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with a sub-chronic, low dose nicotine (2x, 30 μg/kg/0.1 mL, intravenous) or saline during early adolescence (postnatal days 28-31) or adulthood (postnatal days 86-89). Following nicotine pretreatment, on postnatal day 32 or postnatal day 90, animals underwent operant intravenous self-administration for methamphetamine (20 μg/kg/inf) over a 2-hour period for five consecutive days. RESULTS Early adolescent nicotine exposure enhances intravenous methamphetamine self-administration in male, but not female adolescents. Male adult rats self-administer methamphetamine over the 5-day testing period, independent of nicotine exposure. In contrast, nicotine exposure increases methamphetamine self-administration in female adults during the later sessions of the 5-day testing period. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data highlight age- and sex-dependent effects of low dose, sub-chronic nicotine pretreatment on subsequent intravenous methamphetamine self-administration. IMPLICATIONS A majority of polysubstance users begin smoking before the age of 18. Mounting evidence highlights adolescent susceptibility to nicotine exposure on brain and behavior. With the escalation in nicotine-containing products and stimulant use among adolescents, it is important to identify the consequences from adolescent nicotine use, including polysubstance use. Our study provides evidence that adolescent nicotine exposure enhances subsequent methamphetamine use, with important sex- and age-dependent effects.
A Survey of Community-Based Adaptation in Developing Countries

Community-based adaptation (CBA) programs are now widely used in developing countries to address climate change impacts in vulnerable communities. There has been considerable growth in academic publications on CBA in peer-reviewed journals. There also exists a plethora of gray literature in the form of reports and evaluative studies prepared by government entities, international development agencies, and non-governmental organizations. This chapter presents a review of the current state of knowledge on CBA. We begin by summarizing a review paper that explores the conceptual clarity of CBA. We then highlight key trends and takeaways from a review paper on the evolution of CBA in academic literature. This is followed by a summary from another review paper on CBA initiatives documented in gray literature. We discuss the barriers and challenges to successful CBA observed in these papers. Finally, we present three case studies from the Philippines, Thailand, and Ethiopia as examples of CBA in practice beyond South Asia. These case studies illustrate the diversity of ways national and international organizations are working with local partners to implement community-based solutions for climate change adaptation across the Global South. The literature review and case studies offer important context and examples for the future development and evolution of CBA in the post-COVID-19 pandemic world.
Beeinflußbarkeit arteriosklerotischer Veränderungen

Die Arteriosklerose ist die haufigste und wichtigste Erkrankung der Arterien. Sie tritt gehauft im 4. und 5. Lebensjahrzehnt auf. Erste Veranderungen konnen bereits im 1. und 2. Lebensjahrzehnt festgestellt werden. Max Burger (1953) beschrieb die physiologische Sklerose der Blutgefase. Er wies jedoch selbst auf die Schwierigkeit der Unterscheidung zwischen dem physiologischen Vorgang und dem Krankheitsvorgang hin, die auch heute klinisch nicht zu treffen ist.
Maximizing Legibility of Unlit Freeway Guide Signs with Clearview Font and Combinations of Retroreflective Sheeting Materials

The legibility of full-scale guide signs was evaluated in a controlled field study. The objective was to determine how the legibility of unlit guide signs could be maximized with combinations of font and retroreflective sheeting. Two fonts were tested: Series E (Modified) and Clearview 5WR, a modified version of Clearview 5W. Five combinations of retroreflective sheeting were also evaluated. The study included 30 subjects split into three age groups. Without informing the subjects, the researchers varied headlamp output to evaluate the legibility of various sign lighting levels. The results of the study clearly show that the most legible combination of font and retroreflective sheeting (of those tested) is the Clearview 5WR font and microprismatic legends on beaded, high-intensity backgrounds. Although the combination of microprismatic legends and backgrounds performed statistically equivalently to microprismatic legends on beaded, high-intensity backgrounds (in term of legibility distances), the research shows that the higher luminance contrast and lower costs associated with the latter combination make it a much more attractive application.
Identification and control of slowly varying systems: Recent advances

Developments in identification and adaptive control of slowly time-varying systems are reviewed. The review is concentrated on the identification and control methodologies for slowly time-varying plants with unstructured uncertainties. Main features and essential relations of these methodologies toward a comprehensive information-oriented adaptation theory are discussed.
Coordinated release of nucleotides and mucin from human airway epithelial Calu‐3 cells

The efficiency of the mucociliary clearance (MCC) process that removes noxious materials from airway surfaces depends on the balance between mucin secretion, airway surface liquid (ASL) volume, and ciliary beating. Effective mucin dispersion into ASL requires salt and water secretion onto the mucosal surface, but how mucin secretion rate is coordinated with ion and, ultimately, water transport rates is poorly understood. Several components of MCC, including electrolyte and water transport, are regulated by nucleotides in the ASL interacting with purinergic receptors. Using polarized monolayers of airway epithelial Calu-3 cells, we investigated whether mucin secretion was accompanied by nucleotide release. Electron microscopic analyses of Calu-3 cells identified subapical granules that resembled goblet cell mucin granules. Real-time confocal microscopic analyses revealed that subapical granules, labelled with FM 1-43 or quinacrine, were competent for Ca2+-regulated exocytosis. Granules containing MUC5AC were apically secreted via Ca2+-regulated exocytosis as demonstrated by combined immunolocalization and slot blot analyses. In addition, Calu-3 cells exhibited Ca2+-regulated apical release of ATP and UDP-glucose, a substrate of glycosylation reactions within the secretory pathway. Neither mucin secretion nor ATP release from Calu-3 cells were affected by activation or inhibition of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. In SPOC1 cells, an airway goblet cell model, purinergic P2Y2 receptor-stimulated increase of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration resulted in secretion of both mucins and nucleotides. Our data suggest that nucleotide release is a mechanism by which mucin-secreting goblet cells produce paracrine signals for mucin hydration within the ASL.
Unified Form of the Initial Value Conditions

In this paper both the initial value problem and the conformal thin sandwich problem are written in a unified way.
Steroid binding properties of some peptide fragments of bovine serum albumin obtained on peptic digestion.

Abstract To elucidate the structural characteristics of bovine serum albumin (BSA) which allow for steroid binding, BSA was digested with pepsin under conditions which afford maximal retention of steroid binding activity consistent with a maximal degree of peptide fragmentation. Digestion with pepsinBSA (w/w), 1:3000, pH 3.0, for 2 hours at 25° afforded a complex mixture of peptide fragments with molecular weights of about 14,000 (a major class of components), and 27,000 and 34,000 (minor classes) estimated on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the digest. As much as 40 to 50% of the initial steroid binding activity was retained in the BSA digest; the steroids studied were progesterone, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol. Steroid binding activity was empirically defined as the product of the ratio of bound to unbound steroid times the reciprocal of the total protein or peptide concentration (gram per liter) in an assay system containing Sephadex G-25 or G-10 under conditions of equilibrium. The crude BSA digest was treated successively with 2% and 10% trichloroacetic acid; the respective trichloroacetic acid-precipitable peptides were chromatographed on Sephadex G-75. The 2% trichloroacetic acid chromatographic fractions exhibited a relatively high progesterone binding activity, and also appreciable testosterone and estradiol binding, whereas successive chromatographic fractions of the 10% trichloroacetic acid fraction exhibited diminishing steroid binding activity. Binding activity correlated with the absorbance ratio, 280:258 nm, of the respective chromatographic fractions, suggesting that peptide fragments which are richer in tyrosine tend to retain steroid binding activity to a greater degree. Although the bulk of the peptide material remains to be resolved, two peptide fragments, KL and VI, were isolated from the 2% trichloroacetic acid and 10% trichloroacetic acid fractions, respectively. Peptide KL (mol wt 10,050) is rich in tyrosine. The equilibrium constant, nk, for the formation of a complex of peptide KL with progesterone, testosterone, or 17β-estradiol at 25° was about 0.44, 0.18, or 0.33 x 104 m-1, respectively. Peptide VI (mol wt 2766) appears to be identical with the NH2-terminal or Asp fragment of BSA previously isolated by Peters and Hawn ((1967) J. Biol. Chem. 242, 1566). Peptide VI contains no tyrosine and exhibits very little steroidbinding affinity.
Biphasic behavior in thermal electrolytic generators using nickel cathodes

Thermal spectroscopy, with attention to background noise, enables accurate determination of sample activity and has revealed a biphasic behavior to the generated excess heat. Nickel cathodes (using ohmic thermal and other metallic cathodic controls) were examined versus either platinum or gold anodes in light water systems. The peak power amplification [/spl Pi//sub out//spl Pi//sub IN/=/spl Pi//sub N1/] was in the range of /spl sim/2.27 (+/-1.02). Peak power outputs have been in excess of 2 watts, with power densities (nickel) of more than /spl sim/7 (+/-4.3) watts/cm/sup 3/. There may be several reasons for the biphasic effect. The origin of the site of the heat shifts at different locations within the /spl pi/-notch.
What's new in stroke? The top 10 studies of 2006-2008. Part II.

Five studies published between 2009 and 2011 are reviewed that importantly inform stroke prevention for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or with cervical carotid artery stenosis. Two large, phase III randomized trials tested novel oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in patients with AF: the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran 150 mg twice daily was superior to adjusted-dose warfarin (RE-LY trial) and the direct factor Xa inhibitor apixaban was far superior to aspirin in patients deemed unsuitable for warfarin (AVERROES trial). For both novel anticoagulants, major bleeding rates were similar to the comparator treatment. Clopidogrel plus aspirin was more efficacious than aspirin alone for prevention of stroke in patients with AF deemed unsuitable for warfarin, but major bleeding was significantly increased with dual antiplatelet therapy (ACTIVE A trial). Two large randomized trials (CREST, ICSS) provide the best available data on the short-term risks of carotid artery stenting vs. endarterectomy. In both trials, periprocedural stroke was more frequent with stenting than with endarterectomy, but the increased risk was largely confined to patients >70 years old. For younger patients, periprocedural risks were comparable with stenting or endarterectomy, but long-term outcomes are required to assess the relative merits of the two procedures.