cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of timing of hints on their effectiveness in problem solving.

To determine whether the receptivity and effectiveness of hints was related to the length of time Ss had spent on a problem before receiving them, a good and a poor hint were used in the Hatrack Problem (Maier, 1945) with 383 male college students, who were individually tested. Three stages of problem solving were selected for each hint in order to measure the importance of timing. These were as follows: (1) at the outset, before problem-solving activity had started, (2) at a point when Ss were about to give up after experiencing a variety of failures, and (3) at an intermediate stage when S might be actively involved in exploring his own ideas. (1) Differences attributable to the stages at which the hints were introduced were not significant for either hint. This similarity seemed to result from the manner in which the hints interrupted ongoing activity. Ss were told that the hint was applicable. (2) The analysis of activity following the hint supported an earlier study demonstrating that the effect of t...
Tools for Community-Oriented Primary Care: A Process for Linking Practice and Community Data

Background: Community-oriented primary care (COPC) is an increasingly attractive paradigm for primary care delivery. Further work is needed, however, to implement COPC in busy practice settings. This study reports a feasible method for linking practice and community health data for use in COPC. Methods: Using one practice and its community as an example of the process, we sought data related to five common cancers. Data from readily accessible community sources were combined with practice morbidity data using commonly available computer hardware and software. Results: We developed a user-friendly database and maps showing rates and distribution of the example diseases. We also developed strategies to obtain complete case identification and to address confidentiality and proprietary concerns. Conclusions: Understanding patterns of disease expression in the practice and the community is critical to the COPC process. Rapid, inexpensive methods for displaying these patterns, such as the database and maps described, must be accessible to clinicians if COPC is to move from theory into practice. Partnerships between health care providers and institutions can also help get this capability into the hands of clinicians.
Patient-Physician Relationships and Racial Disparities in the Quality of Health Care

Objectives. This study explored whether racial differences in patient–physician relationships contribute to disparities in the quality of health care. Methods. We analyzed data from The Commonwealth Fund’s 2001 Health Care Quality Survey to determine whether racial differences in patients’ satisfaction with health care and use of basic health services were explained by differences in quality of patient–physician interactions, physicians’ cultural sensitivity, or patient–physician racial concordance. Results. Both satisfaction with and use of health services were lower for Hispanics and Asians than for Blacks and Whites. Racial differences in the quality of patient–physician interactions helped explain the observed disparities in satisfaction, but not in the use of health services. Conclusions. Barriers in the patient–physician relationship contribute to racial disparities in the experience of health care.
Bio-inspired formation of nanostructured arrays on flexible substrates with superoleophobicity

Nanomaterials with size- and structure-dependent properties have attracted much attention recently. However, it is still challenging to achieve large-scale fabrication of nanostructured arrays on flexible substrates at room temperature. Here, we report a facile procedure, inspired by eggshell formation, to synthesize high-order nanostructured flake arrays on a flexible Nafion membrane. We demonstrated, using Mn3(PO4)2·3H2O as a model, that a cation exchange Nafion membrane can function as a controller of cations and pH to provide the appropriate reaction environment for the nucleation and formation of rectangle-shaped Mn3(PO4)2·3H2O nanoflake arrays directly grown on the Nafion membrane substrate at room temperature. The bio-inspired approach offers a facile procedure for the large-scale synthesis of various nanostructures, in principle, at room temperature. The formation mechanism was investigated by tuning the experimental parameters. Interestingly, we also demonstrated that the hierarchical structures of the nanoflake arrays on flexible substrates showed impressive underwater superoleophobicity, similar to that of fish scales.
Extratropical signature of the quasi‐biennial oscillation

Using the assimilated data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis, we show that the extratropical signature of the tropical quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is seen mostly in the North Annular Mode (NAM) of atmospheric variability. To understand the extratropical manifestation of the QBO, we discuss two effects that have been suggested earlier: (1) The extratropical circulation is driven by the QBO modulation of the planetary wave flux, and (2) the extratropical circulation is driven by the QBO-induced meridional circulation. We found that the first effect is seen in wave 1 in the beginning of winter and in wave 2 in the end of winter. The QBO-induced circulation affects midlatitude regions over the entire winter. To investigate the QBONAM coupling, we use an equation that relates the stream function of the meridional circulation and the polar cap averaged temperature, which is a proxy for the NAM index. In addition to the annual (omega)a and the QBO frequency (omega)Q the spectrum of its solutions indicates the satellite frequencies at (omega)a +/- (o.
Sex differences in the developmental origins of hypertension and cardiorenal disease

The “developmental origins of health and disease” (DOHAD) hypothesis derives from clinical observations, indicating long-term health consequences for persons of low birth weight. There is growing evidence, primarily from animal studies, that supports the idea that processes put in motion during development that contribute to DOHAD do not necessarily reflect as significantly compromised growth and altered birth weight. Throughout the body of work investigating the DOHAD hypothesis, several themes have emerged; the importance of the placenta, the presence of critical periods of vulnerability, the involvement of the kidney in programmed hypertension, the presence of sex differences in the progression and development of adult diseases. Despite compelling findings in recent studies, much remains unclear regarding the impact of biological sex in the progression of human diseases, in general, and in the mechanisms underlying developmentally programmed responses, in particular. Although the contribution of biological sex to DOHAD is increasingly recognized, it also appears that it may exert distinctly different influences during fetal and adult life. The mechanisms by which biological sex contributes to these processes remains nebulous at present; nevertheless, several intriguing mechanistic candidates have been proposed ranging from differences in the amounts of sex hormones (e.g., estrogens, androgens) to recently described sexual dimorphism in the transcriptome of a variety of mammalian tissues. Recognizing the influences of biological sex or sex hormones on DOHAD uniquely situates research in this area to provide significant insights into the development and progression of many diseases, recent examples of which are the subject of this review.
Short-term memory: Effects of auditory and visual similarity

The effects of five variables on short-term memory for letters were studied: Auditory Similarity, Visual Similarity, Presentation Rate, Sequence Length, and Blocks of Trials. Performance varied directly with Presentation Rate and inversely with Sequence Length and Auditory Similarity. Performance improved over blocks with high auditory and high visual similarity, and decreased under the low conditions of these variables. The improvement is attributed to learning to ignore redundant cues and attend to dues that permit discrimination. The decrement is attributed to fatigue and/or waning attention.
Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry: The significance of divergent systolic/diastolic ratios

Continuous wave Doppler studies were carried out on both uterine arteries in 71 pregnant women from the twentieth week of gestation onward. Analysis of the waveform included the systolic/diastolic ratio and the presence or absence of a diastolic notch. In the current study, these ratios from 31 women with left/right systolic/diastolic difference, (between left and right uterine arteries) were compared with those of women having normal ratios. A normal left/right systolic/diastolic ratio difference of 0.3 with SD of 0.3 was found. When the left/right difference was plotted against the left/right averaged systolic/diastolic ratio, a correlation coefficient of 0.7 was noted (p
Five to Ten-Year Outcomes of the Universal Total Wrist Arthroplasty in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: Implant arthroplasty of the wrist offers pain relief with preservation of motion to patients with rheumatoid arthritis, although few studies have investigated the long-term results of this procedure. The purpose of the present study is to report the prospective results of total wrist arthroplasty with use of the Universal wrist prosthesis in a consecutive series of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were managed by a single surgeon. Methods: Twenty-four wrist arthroplasties in twenty patients with rheumatoid arthritis were followed prospectively. Nineteen wrists in fifteen patients were followed clinically and radiographically for a mean of 7.3 years (range, 5.0 to 10.8 years) after the index procedure. Outcome measures included the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, wrist range of motion, and standard radiographic findings. Results: The average DASH score improved from 62 points preoperatively to 40 points at the time of the latest follow-up. The mean wrist flexion and extension at the time of the latest follow-up were 42° and 20°, respectively, for a mean improvement in the total flexion-extension arc of 14°. A total of nine wrists (45%) in eight patients underwent revision surgery because of a loose carpal component at the time of the latest follow-up. One patient underwent wrist arthrodesis because of recurrent wrist instability. Two additional wrists in two patients had radiographic evidence of carpal component subsidence at the time of the latest follow-up. The implant survival rates at five and seven years for the original prosthetic components were 75% and 60%, respectively. Conclusions: The results for the Universal wrist prosthesis at a minimum of five years of follow-up include a high rate of failure, most often because of carpal component loosening, resulting in revision of ten (50%) of twenty wrists at the time of the latest follow-up (with the inclusion of one revision in a patient who died before five years). Patients with a stable prosthesis maintained a functional range of motion and had improvement in patient-reported outcome measures. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
An Examination of the Relative Effectiveness of Training in Nonverbal Communication: Personal Selling Implications.

This article examines the potential effectiveness of training in nonverbal communication for sales representatives. The literature on this subject was reviewed, and a study using students as sales representatives was conducted to evaluate the potential of training in body language. The research results provide support for the proposition that such training can be of value in academic and practical applications.
Thermal Rheological Analysis of Triethanolamine-Stearate Stabili Zed Mineral Oil in Water Emulsions

AbstractThermal Theological analysis (TRA) is employed as an analytical method to quantitatively assess temporal viscosity changes in triethanolamine-stearate stabilized mineral oil/water systems. Continuous measurement of stress required to maintain a constant rate of shear was monitored while temperature was raised from 25 to 75°C. The rheological profiles obtained were distinquished by distinct, unexpected, reproducible discontinuities which were formulation dependent and changed with time and temperature. These changes have been attributed to as yet unverified shifts in individual and aggregate liquid crystalline structures. Quantitative analysis studies currently underway will aid in determining the usefulness of thermal Theological data as a predictive tool of long term emulsion stability.
Remote memory access: A case for portable, efficient and library independent parallel programming

In this work we make a strong case for remote memory access (RMA) as the effective way to program a parallel computer by proposing a framework that supports RMA in a library independent, simple and intuitive way. If one uses our approach the parallel code one writes will run transparently under MPI-2 enabled libraries but also bulk-synchronous parallel libraries. The advantage of using RMA is code simplicity, reduced programming complexity, and increased efficiency. We support the latter claims by implementing under this framework a collection of benchmark programs consisting of a communication and synchronization performance assessment program, a dense matrix multiplication algorithm, and two variants of a parallel radix-sort algorithm and examine their performance on a LINUX-based PC cluster under three different RMA enabled libraries: LAM MPI, BSPlib, and PUB. We conclude that implementations of such parallel algorithms using RMA communication primitives lead to code that is as efficient as the message-passing equivalent code and in the case of radix-sort substantially more efficient. In addition our work can be used as a comparative study of the relevant capabilities of the three libraries.
Memory for object position in natural scenes

Memory for the positions of objects in natural scenes was investigated. Participants viewed an image of a real-world scene (preview scene), followed by a target object in isolation (target probe), followed by a blank screen with a mouse cursor. Participants estimated the position of the target using the mouse. Three conditions were compared. In the target present preview condition, the target object was present in the scene preview. In the target absent preview condition, the target object not present in the scene preview. In the no preview condition, no preview scene was displayed. Localization accuracy in the target present preview condition was reliably higher than that in the target absent preview condition, which was reliably higher than localization accuracy in the no preview condition. These data demonstrate that participants can remember both the spatial context of a scene and the specific positions of local objects.
Incremental logic rectification

We address the problem of rectifying an incorrect combinational circuit against a given specification. Based on the symbolic BDD techniques, we consider the rectification process as a sequence of partial corrections. Each partial correction reduces the size of the input vector set producing error responses. Compared with existing approaches, this approach is more general, and able to handle circuits with multiple errors. We also formulate the necessary and sufficient condition of general single-gate correction to achieve better results for some circuits with a single error. To handle larger circuits, we develop a hybrid approach that makes use of the information of structural correspondence between specification and implementation. Experimental results on industrial examples as well as ISCAS85 benchmark circuits are presented to show the effectiveness of our approach.
Justice-Making: Nursing’s Call

This article presents stories from Florence Nightingale’s life to return the reader to caring as the basis for justice-making. The authors present a view that true justice-making is not an analytic concept but rather one that is grounded in compassion and caring.
Where Credit Is Due Assessing the Visibility of Articles Published in Gender & Society with Google Scholar

Gender & Society is the leading specialty journal in the sociology of gender, as indicated by its high ranking in the ISI Web of Knowledge Journal Citation Reports. The ISI system, however, does not track citations appearing in books, and thus a significant potential source of references for Gender & Society is missed. This article reports the results of an analysis of highly cited articles that compares their visibility in Google Scholar to that documented in the ISI data system. Google Scholar captures more than twice as many references to these Gender & Society articles than does the ISI Web of Knowledge. The analysis shows that the incremental coverage is greater for Gender & Society than for several other prominent sociology journals. The absolute and relative standing of Gender & Society would improve if a more comprehensive system of tracking citations were employed.
The Development of Fault Diagnosis Methodologies using Hierarchical Clustering and Small World Network Stratification

Many conventional fault diagnosis techniques do not effectively and efficiently use the available information and cannot achieve a satisfactory diagnosis in high dimensional real-world problems. In this paper, the fault diagnosis method using hierarchical clustering (HC) and small world (SW) networks stratification has been proposed to utilize the available information and trace up/downward based on event hierarchy and up/downstream along the physical network. As such, one can determine if certain diagnosis is applicable globally or more depends on the nature of events or locations; consequently the diagnostic uncertainty can be reduced. Duke Energy distribution outage data are used to generate examples for the purpose of illustrating the motivation, necessity, implementation planning, and potential benefits of HC-SW stratification for power distribution system outage cause identification.
The prolog language: Artificial intelligence applications, relevance to the systems community, and a review of seven texts, by James L. Snell, Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science, SUNY College at Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420, U.S.A.

Prolog is a relatively new computer programming language, developed for Artificial Intelligence, that provides automatic inference from given facts and rules. Prolog is of interest to the Systems community, since it is suited to modeling complex qualitative relationships involving uncertainty, continual change, and self-modification. This article includes a description of Prolog, some of its present applications, its relevance to Systems research, a brief tutorial, and comparative reviews of seven books on the language.
Exogenous Surfactant Use in Neonates

OBJECTIVE:To review exogenous surfactant use in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature neonates.DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE search and extensive review of journals was conducted to identify the information for this review from 1983 to 1995 using the following key words: prematurity, surfactant, clinical trials, beractant, Survanta, colfosceril, Exosurf, and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All articles were considered for possible inclusion in the review. Emphasis was placed on controlled studies involving beractant and colfosceril palmitate.DATA SYNTHESIS:Results of published clinical trials using beractant or colfosceril palmitate in premature infants at risk for RDS have shown improvement in the need for supplemental oxygen and ventilatory support over the course of RDS and a reduction in pneumothorax. However, there was little impact on the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage. Clinical trials studying the treatment of established RDS...
Morphological Diversity of the Cynoscion Group (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) in the Gulf of Guayaquil Region, Ecuador: A Comparative Approach

We assess morphological diversity of species of the Cynoscion group in the Gulf of Guayaquil (GOG) using traditional morphometric methods. Five species from the GOG assemblage (C. albus, C. analis, C. phoxocephalus, C. squamipinnis, and Isopisthus remifer) are compared to four species from a relatively well-studied assemblage in the western Atlantic (C. arenarius, C. nebulosus, C. nothus, and C. regalis). The two regional species assemblages broadly overlap in morphology, but sympatric species segregate relatively well within each assemblage. The GOG species segregate primarily along the major axis of shape variation in the study, which is associated with variation in the anal, second dorsal, and caudal fins. The western Atlantic species segregate primarily along the second major axis of shape variation, which is most strongly associated with variation in gill raker length, and less strongly with pectoral fin length, eye diameter, and length of the third dorsal spine. Patterns of morphological divergence among the western Atlantic species support the hypothesis that morphological divergence is associated with ecological divergence. Comparisons across assemblages indicate that morphological divergence among species in the GOG is substantial. Consequently, Cynoscion species in the GOG may be highly divergent in ecological habits, which would have important management implications, but further ecological research is needed. This study provides a first glimpse into the major patterns of morphological diversification in the Cynoscion group.
Does elevated CO2 alter silica uptake in trees

Human activities have greatly altered global carbon (C) and N (N) cycling. In fact, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) have increased 40% over the last century and the amount of N cycling in the biosphere has more than doubled. In an effort to understand how plants will respond to continued global carbon dioxide fertilization, long-term free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments have been conducted at sites around the globe. Here we examine how atmospheric CO2 enrichment and N fertilization affects the uptake of silicon (Si) in the Duke Forest, North Carolina, a stand dominated by Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), and five hardwood species. Specifically, we measured foliar biogenic silica (BSi) concentrations in five deciduous and one coniferous species across three treatments: CO2 enrichment, N enrichment, and N and CO2 enrichment. We found no consistent trends in foliar Si concentration under elevated CO2, N fertilization, or combined elevated CO2 and N fertilization. However, two-thirds of the tree species studied here have Si foliar concentrations greater than well-known Si accumulators, such as grasses. Based on net primary production values and aboveground Si concentrations in these trees, we calculated forest Si uptake rates under control and elevated CO2 concentrations. Due largely to increased primary production, elevated CO2 enhanced the magnitude of Si uptake between 20% and 26%, likely intensifying the terrestrial silica pump. This uptake of Si by forests has important implications for Si export from terrestrial systems, with the potential to impact C sequestration and higher trophic levels in downstream ecosystems.
Determination of Chemical Valence State by X-ray Emission Analysis Using Electron Beam Instruments: Pitfalls and Promises

The use of X-ray emission spectroscopy to determine the valence states of first-row transition elements is evaluated using measurements of X-ray wavelength shifts, line shapes, and relative X-ray line intensities (Lβ/Lα and Kβ/ Kα). X-ray wavelength (or energy) centroids and line shapes are shown to vary not only with oxidation state but also with chemical bonding for the same oxidation state. In many of the cases studied, the ratio of Kβ to Ka is shown to vary depending upon the differential absorption at a similar level to what is cited in the literature as due to the valence state. Similarly, in a number of cases studied, the ratio of Lβ to Lα is shown to vary by differences in self-absorption (and at low electron beam energies, differences in overvoltage) by levels comparable to what is ascribed in the literature as due to valence state. Differences were found among compounds with different oxidation states that exceeded the magnitude predicted by absorption or overvoltage effects; however, no systematic variations were found that were dependent only on the valence state of the element (as opposed to which other elements it was bonded). The results show that oxidation state cannot be simply and unambiguously determined by X-ray emission spectroscopy at the resolution obtainable with conventional wavelength-dispersive detectors on electron microscopes or microprobes. Of the various techniques employed in X-ray emission spectroscopy, the most promising for oxidation-state determination appears to be measurement of the wavelength shift and/or satellite line shape variation, but then only when comparing compounds in which the cation has the same bonding environment. It is critically important to correct for self-absorption effects when attempting to relate variations in Lβ/Lα to differences in oxidation state or bonding environment, regardless of the electron beam energy used in analysis. Specifically, Lβ/Lα measurements cannot be used to determine the oxidation state of Cu in high-temperature superconductors.
An approach to estimating rockfish biomass based on larval production, with application to Sebastes jordani*

vae/d) and the larval mortality rate (Z=0.11/d) during the cruise were es­ timated from a larval “catch curve,” wherein the logarithm of total age-spe­ cific larval abundance was regressed against larval age. For this analysis, lar­ val age compositions at each of the 150 sample sites were determined by examination of otolith microstructure from subsampled larvae (n=2203), which were weighted by the polygonal Sette-Ahlstrom area surrounding each station. Female population weight-spe­ cific fecundity was estimated through a life table analysis that incorporated sex-specific differences in adult growth rate, female maturity, fecundity, and natural mortality (M). The resulting statistic (102.17 larvae/g) was insensi­ tive to errors in estimating M and to the pattern of recruitment. Together, the two analyses indicated that a total biomass equal to 1366 metric tons (t)/d of age-1+ shortbelly rockfish (sexes combined) was needed to account for the observed level of spawning output during the cruise. Given the long-term seasonal distribution of spawning ac­ tivity in the study area, as elucidated from a retrospective examination of California Cooperative Oceanic Fisher­ ies Investigation (CalCOFI) ichthyo­ plankton samples from 1952 to 1984, the “daily” total biomass was expanded to an annual total of 67,392 t. An attempt to account for all sources of error in the derivation of this estimate was made by application of the deltamethod, which yielded a coefficient of variation of 19%. The relatively high precision of this larval production method, and the rapidity with which an absolute biomass estimate can be obtained, establishes that, for some species of rockfish (Sebastes spp.), it is an attractive alternative to traditional age-structured stock assessments.
Loss analysis of GaN devices in an isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter

GaN devices have emerged as a possible replacement for silicon devices in various power conversion applications and as an enabler of new applications not previously possible. This paper presents a 600V Gallium-Nitride (GaN) device based isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter applied in battery energy storage systems. Apart from the features of low turn-off loss, low output capacitance and low drain-source on-state resistance, the most salient one in our bidirectional DC-DC converter application is the ultra-fast freewheeling "body diode" that GaN devices have when compared with Si devices. To distinguish the above mentioned performances of GaN from those of the comparable Si devices, a figure of merit for power devices operating in synchronous rectifying mode is proposed. The converter's operating principle is analyzed in steady state. Switching losses of high voltage and low voltage side switches are simulated based on detailed PSpice models. The converter's safe operation area is extended by using GaN device is explained by calculating the loss in hard switching mode. A thermal simulation is conducted to predict its temperature. Experimental results are presented for a 1 kW, 380-to-12 V prototype DC-DC converter, which demonstrate the validity of the analysis and simulation.
Association of Breast Conservation Surgery for Cancer With 90-Day Reoperation Rates in New York State.

Importance For early-stage breast cancer, breast conservation surgery (BCS) is a conservative option for women and involves removing the tumor with a margin of surrounding breast tissue. If margins are not tumor free, patients undergo additional surgery to avoid local recurrence. Objectives To investigate the use of BCS in New York State and to determine rates of reoperation, procedure choice, and the effect of surgeon experience on the odds of a reoperation 90 days after BCS. Design, Setting, and Participants A population-based sample of 89 448 women undergoing primary BCS for cancer were selected and examined from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2013, in New York State mandatory reporting databases. All hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers in New York State were included. Data were analyzed from December 15, 2014, to November 1, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures Rate of reoperations within 90 days of the initial BCS procedure. Results During the study period, 89 448 women 20 years or older (mean [SD] age, 61.7 [13.7] years) underwent primary BCS. In 2013, 1416 women in New York aged 20 to 49 years underwent BCS compared with 3068 women aged 50 to 64 years and 3644 women 65 years or older. These numbers represent a significant decrease from 1960 women younger than 50 years in 2003 who underwent BCS ( P P P Conclusions and Relevance Use of BCS has decreased overall, most steeply in younger women. Nearly 1 in 4 women underwent a reoperation within 90 days of BCS across New York State from 2011 to 2013, compared with 2 in 5 from 2003 to 2004. Rates vary significantly by surgeon, and initial BCS performed by high-volume surgeons was associated with a 33% lower risk for a reoperation.
ENHANCED TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK WASTEWATER. II. ENHANCEMENT OF TREATMENT BY SOLIDS REMOVAL

Abstract Pollutional characteristics of the composite, component liquid and solid fractions of swine and beef cattle wastewaters are presented. Comparative biological treatability studies on swine and beef cattle wastewater liquid fractions illustrate that the rate of bio-degradation is enhanced by solids removal.
The Genesis of Values in Genesis

The genesis of values occurred in the Garden of Eden when God created man. He instilled in man the value of knowledge, which Satan used as part of his deception. God created man with a core intelle...
Satellite control mercury ion thruster

Program status is reviewed for development of an 8-cm structurally integrated ion thruster for application to attitude control and stationkeeping of synchronous satellites. The system is designed to achieve a thrust level of 1 and 2 mlb at a beam voltage of 1200 V, a propellant-utilization efficiency of 85%, and electrical efficiency of 75%. Thrust vectoring will be implemented by a dished-gird roll misalignment system. Design features are incorporated which ensure thruster life of 20,000 hours, with 10,000 thruster-start cycles and 100,000 beam-deflection cycles.
Use of acupuncture in the treatment of sinus and nasal symptoms: results of a practitioner survey.

BackgroundThe use of complementary medicine is increasingly popular in the United States. The use of acupuncture and its efficacy in treating chronic sinus and nasal symptoms is not well studied.Me...
Building the Mediterranean Pyramid: Part A—Mediterranean Recipes

In this chapter, we provide a compilation of selected recipes from the Mediterranean region (PART A). For each recipe, we cataloged information on the ingredients, quantities, and preparation.
Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes by PR-26, a synthetic antibacterial peptide

This study reports the antibacterial effect of PR-26, a synthetic peptide derived from the first 26 amino acid sequence of PR-39, an antimicrobial peptide isolated from porcine neutrophils. A three-strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Listeria monocytogenes of approximately 10(8) CFU was inoculated to a final concentration of 10(7) CFU/ml in 1% peptone water (pH 7.0), containing 50 or 75 microg/ml of PR-26, and incubated at 37 degrees C for 0, 6, 12, and 24 h; at 24 degrees C for 0, 12, 24, and 36 h; or at 10 or 4 degrees C for 0, 24, 72, and 120 h. Control samples included 1% peptone water inoculated with each pathogen mixture but containing no PR-26. The surviving population of each pathogen at each sampling time was determined by plating on tryptic soy agar with incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 h. At 37 degrees C, PR-26 decreased E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes populations by >5.0 log CFU/ml at 12 h, with complete inactivation at 24 h. At 24 degrees C, PR-26 reduced E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes by approximately 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 log CFU/ml at the end of 12-, 24-, and 36-h incubations, respectively. At 4 and 10 degrees C, the inhibitory effect of PR-26 on E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that at 37 and 24 degrees C: a 2- to 3-log CFU/ml reduction was observed at 120-h incubation. Results indicate that PR-26 could potentially be used as an antimicrobial agent, but applications in appropriate foods need to be validated.
Collaboration in Global Distributed Teams: An Interdisciplinary Review

This survey aims to characterize the interdisciplinary study of human collaboration in global distributed teams. Literature on this topic spreads over many research areas including computer-supported cooperative work, economics, management, organizational behavior, and software engineering, among others. The key insight of this review is to set forth a well-founded, unified taxonomy that categorizes the literature from different research domains. The taxonomy has two dimensions: primary research goals and ways of knowing. Using this taxonomy, we classified 199 recent journal papers (since 2005) in leading journals from 10 areas. In classifying the existing literature, we identified the opportunities and challenges to furthering the knowledge and application of research in global distributed teams. Stemming from the review, one of our proposals is to apply Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) to modeling human collaboration in global distributed teams and we demonstrate ways of applying EGT with specific examples. Three specific research directions are proposed in section 4. In addition to classifying journal papers, we also classified 74 papers since 2010 in leading conferences since conference papers are generally considered as formal publication in computer and information sciences. This supplement is presented as an appendix (see APPENDIX II).
Conclusion: An Experiential Librarian’s Creed

The process of learning through experience, whether in formal or informal settings, can be likened to a journey. There will likely be twists, turns, and unexpected vistas to be explored. For libraries wishing to take experiential learning further, a teacher’s creed can serve as a map to the landscape, a useful tool for getting to where one would like to be. A teacher’s creed is a personal statement of an educator’s beliefs about what education means and how it ought to be conducted. This type of meaningful statement of belief can be expanded to serve libraries experimenting with experiential approaches, both as a reflective source of inspiration and as a guide to concrete action. This concluding chapter is offered as a reflection from one “experiential librarian” on potential paths through the landscape, suggesting key areas for growth and possible future synergies.
There’s No Place Like a Neurotic’s Home

Abstract. In addition to serving many practical needs for human beings, territories also serve the psychological function of being restorative, helping to facilitate the regulation of residents’ thoughts and moods. In this paper, it was hypothesized that individuals high in neuroticism would be particularly likely to prioritize the restorative properties of their home environments, in light of previous research demonstrating their reduced capacity to regulate internally. Drawing on Attention Restoration Theory (ART), this paper reports a pair of studies testing this hypothesis using both an online community sample (Study 1; n = 380) and undergraduate sample (Study 2; n = 101). In both studies, neuroticism enhanced the relationship between residents’ satisfaction with their home environment and their impressions of its restorative properties (e.g., fascination and extent). Conversely, high neuroticism reduced the relationship between satisfaction and the perceived compatibility of the setting to the reside...
Right heart thrombus in transit: a series of two cases

Right heart thrombus in transit is an increasingly recognized medical emergency with very high mortality rate. Echocardiography helps to establish the diagnosis and can differentiate between right heart thrombi that result from atrial fibrillation and those originating from deep venous thrombosis. We present two cases of right heart thrombus in transit diagnosed with echocardiography that were managed with different approaches.
Metals in Bone: Aluminum, Boron, Cadmium, Chromium, Lanthanum, Lead, Silicon, and Strontium

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the metals entering the skeletal system and explores the question of whether or not they influence cellular effects. The metals considered are, aluminum, boron, cadmium, lanthanum, lead, silicon, and strontium. Once a metal becomes incorporated in the bone mineral, its return to the circulation depends on how much and how long the metal is associated with the bone mineral surface and on the rate of osteoclast-mediated bone turnover. Metals deposited or exchanged with other elements on the surface of the bone mineral tend to be exchanged rapidly. As additional bone mineral is deposited, the opportunity for isoionic or heteroionic exchange diminishes and osteoclastic resorption becomes the dominant process responsible for the metal's reentry into the circulation. The studies reviewed in this chapter suggest that there is no clear distinction between cellular effects and those due to accumulation in the bone mineral. Significant accumulation of a given metal may alter mineral characteristics, but the details of these changes have yet to be established. Furthermore, study of the mechanisms of metal accumulation—heteroionic exchange and/or deposition and inclusion in the bone crystals—may help learn more about mineralization. Similarly, understanding the qualitative and quantitative effects of metal addition to bone cell cultures may reveal mechanisms of cellular action. It is also important to explore the possible toxic effects of metals used in prostheses.
Nonmalleable Information Flow Control

Noninterference is a popular semantic security condition because it offers strong end-to-end guarantees, it is inherently compositional, and it can be enforced using a simple security type system. Unfortunately, it is too restrictive for real systems. Mechanisms for downgrading information are needed to capture real-world security requirements, but downgrading eliminates the strong compositional security guarantees of noninterference. We introduce nonmalleable information flow, a new formal security condition that generalizes noninterference to permit controlled downgrading of both confidentiality and integrity. While previous work on robust declassification prevents adversaries from exploiting the downgrading of confidentiality, our key insight is transparent endorsement, a mechanism for downgrading integrity while defending against adversarial exploitation. Robust declassification appeared to break the duality of confidentiality and integrity by making confidentiality depend on integrity, but transparent endorsement makes integrity depend on confidentiality, restoring this duality. We show how to extend a security-typed programming language with transparent endorsement and prove that this static type system enforces nonmalleable information flow, a new security property that subsumes robust declassification and transparent endorsement. Finally, we describe an implementation of this type system in the context of Flame, a flow-limited authorization plugin for the Glasgow Haskell Compiler.
The association of statin therapy with the primary patency of femoral and popliteal artery stents.

Abstract Objective It has long been known that hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) broadly reduce cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral vascular disease. It was the goal of this study to determine whether there is an association between statin therapy and primary patency after stenting of superficial femoral and popliteal arteries. Methods The records of all patients undergoing primary nitinol stenting of the femoral and popliteal arteries at a single institution and by a single surgeon during a 10-year period were reviewed. Demographic characteristics of the patients and risk factors were identified. TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC II) classifications were determined for all stented lesions. Analysis was performed to determine whether the use of statins at the time of stent placement was associated with a change in rates of primary patency. Loss of primary patency was said to have occurred when an intrastent occlusion or a ≥70% stenosis was identified by arterial duplex ultrasound or angiography. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted, and differences between groups were tested by log-rank method. Results Between 2004 and 2014, primary femoral or popliteal stenting was performed on 308 limbs in 250 patients. At the time of intervention, 52.4% of these patients were being treated with statin therapy; 137 interventions were done for claudication and 113 for critical limb ischemia. Of the lesions treated, 165 were TASC A or B and 85 were TASC C or D. Primary patency rates for all stented lesions were 75%, 54%, and 35% at 12, 24, and 36 months. The patency rates at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively, were 80%, 55%, and 40% for those taking statins and 68%, 49%, and 28% for those not taking statins ( P = .178). Statin therapy demonstrated a trend toward an association with improved primary patency rates in TASC A/B lesions but had no association in TASC C/D lesions (TASC A/B, P = .056; TASC C/D, P = .537). Statin compliance was found to be 87% at a mean follow-up of 24.1 months. Conclusions Although the use of statins has been shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with peripheral vascular disease, overall there is not an association of these drugs with improved primary patency after primary stenting of femoral and popliteal artery lesions. However, when limbs are stratified for severity, less severe (TASC A/B) lesions demonstrated a trend toward a significant association between statin use and improved primary patency. This finding was not seen in more severe (TASC C/D) disease.
Policy Insights From Advances in Implicit Bias Research

Implicit bias, which refers to mental associations that can lead to unintentional discrimination, has become a focus as many organizations and institutions try to reduce disparities and increase in...
Emergence of a Communication System: International Sign

International Sign (henceforth IS) is a communication system that is used widely in the international Deaf Community. The present study is one of the first to research extensively the origin of both the IS lexicon and grammatical structures. Findings demonstrate that IS is both influenced by naturally evolved sign languages used in grown deaf communities (henceforth SLs) and relies heavily on iconic, universal structures. This paper shows that IS continues to develop from a simplistic iconic system into a conventionalized system with increasingly complex rules.
Transposable Element Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Transcriptome and Prognosis

Over half of the human genome is comprised of transposable elements (TE). Despite large-scale studies of the transcriptome in cancer, a comprehensive look at TE expression and its relationship to various mutations or prognosis has not been performed. We characterized the expression of TE in 178 adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients using transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We characterized mutation specific dysregulation of TE expression using a multivariate linear model. We identified distinct patterns of TE expression associated with specific mutations and transcriptional networks. Genes regulating methylation was not associated with significant change in TE expression. Using an unpenalized cox regression analysis we identified a TE expression signature that predicted prognosis in AML. We identified 14 candidate prognostic TE transcripts (TEP) that classified AML as high/low-risk and this was independent of mutation-based and coding-gene expression based risk-stratification. TEP was able to predict prognosis in independent cohorts of 284 pediatric AML patients and 19 relapsed adult AML patients. This first comprehensive study of TE expression in AML demonstrates that TE expression can serve as a biomarker for prognosis in AML, and provides novel insights into the biology of AML. Studies characterizing its role in other cancers are warranted.