cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Ultrasound Technology Is a Useful Training Adjunct for Invasive Procedures.

Background The use of ultrasound for procedural guidance is an essential skill in emergency medicine (EM) and a required Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competency for residents. Resident learners develop their skill set through hands-on training and may benefit from an intervention that encourages proper technique, bolsters confidence, and improves procedural success. Clear Guide ONE, a Food and Drug Administration-approved technology, overlays real-time virtual instrument navigation onto ultrasound displays to allow visualization of expected instrument trajectory prior to needle puncture, ensuring alignment with the target. Objectives This study investigated computer-assisted instrument guidance as an educational tool for residents in a simulation environment. Primarily, the study evaluated residents' procedural speed and accuracy using ultrasound with and without the guidance device. Methods A total of 34 residents were observed performing ultrasound-guided needle placement in ballistic gel models with and without computer assistance in a simulation-based observational crossover study. Scan time before needle insertion, time to target, total procedure time, number of needle redirections, and procedural accuracy were measured. A total of 104 observations were recorded with 52 in each group. Paired-sample t-test analysis was used to compare group performance. Secondary outcomes were derived from survey data assessing resident opinions about the device. Results The computer-guidance group significantly outperformed the ultrasound-alone group in mean time to target, number of needle redirections, and procedural accuracy. There was no significant difference in mean scan time before needle insertion or total procedure time. Fifty percent of residents preferred the guidance system. Most residents (67%, n = 23) reported that the device increased confidence and the majority (94%, n = 32) reported perceived improvement in speed, accuracy, or both. Conclusions Use of computer assistance technology for sonographic instrument guidance was successful in improving procedural accuracy, number of needle redirections, and time to target performance metrics and was well received by residents. This educational study suggests that this technology may emerge as a valuable tool in training EM residents to utilize ultrasound for procedures.
End-of-Life Education Experiences of Respiratory Therapists: Implications for University Leadership

Background: The study addressed the problem of the implications surrounding a lack of end-of-life education in the respiratory therapy curriculum. Respiratory Therapy programs need to integrate therapists9 lived experiences with palliative care into their educational programs in an effort to facilitate an improved level of end-of-life care and teach future therapists how to better deal with the stress associated with witnessing death in the clinical setting (Giordano, 2000). Methods: Using the qualitative approach of interpretive phenomenological analysis, the research was conducted at a large public university. Subjects who had graduated within the past 3–5 years were recruited by email and recorded interviews were transcribed, analyzed, and coded. Superordinate, sub-superordinate, and emergent themes were defined and used to analyze the transcribed interviews. Results: The researcher identified three superordinate themes that addressed the research question: (a) Needs for the Patient (b) Needs for the Family (c) Needs for the Care Provider. Sub-superordinate themes included Suffering, Time, and Honesty (under needs for the patient); Support, Compassion, and Engagement (under needs for the family); Memorable Experiences, Coping, Stress, and Education (under needs for the care provider). Conclusions: Results of the study show that a lack of end-of-life education in the respiratory therapy curriculum can impact therapists, patients, and family members. Practicing respiratory therapists desire more education on how to care for dying patients in order for this impact to be lessened. Recommendations for further study include expanding the size of the study to include other regions of the country and surveying programs to ascertain the amount of end-of-life education students are receiving during their education. Disclosures: None.
Pilot Findings of Brain Displacements and Deformations during Roller Coaster Rides

Abstract With 300,000,000 riders annually, roller coasters are a popular recreational activity. Although the number of roller coaster injuries is relatively low, the precise effect of roller coaster rides on our brains remains unknown. Here we present the quantitative characterization of brain displacements and deformations during roller coaster rides. For two healthy adult male subjects, we recorded head accelerations during three representative rides, and, for comparison, during running and soccer headers. From the recordings, we simulated brain displacements and deformations using rigid body dynamics and finite element analyses. Our findings show that despite having lower linear accelerations than sports head impacts, roller coasters may lead to brain displacements and strains comparable to mild soccer headers. The peak change in angular velocity on the rides was 9.9 rad/sec, which was higher than the 5.6 rad/sec in soccer headers with ball velocities reaching 7 m/sec. Maximum brain surface displacemen...
Cities: A research agenda for the close of the century

Abstract This paper presents a brief discussion of fourteen issues of interest to urban researchers. Current work and recent citations are discussed and some salient questions are posed.
Deposition Conditions and the Optoelectronic Properties of a-Si: H Alloys

Publisher Summary To fully exploit amorphous silicon-based materials for device applications, it is necessary to gain a greater understanding of the properties of amorphous materials and how these properties relate to the deposition process used to create them. This chapter discusses the relationship between deposition conditions and the measured material parameters. The spectrum of material parameters includes those that are intrinsic to the amorphous materials as well as those that are controlled by deposition parameters. Although the composition can be relatively well determined, there can be difficulties with reproducibility in some cases because of the critical manner in which the growth species interact to form these alloy materials. This chapter reviews the techniques that are used to extract an electrical or optical property from a measurement. The industrial interest is always focused on those defects that ultimately limit the performance of the device. Device analysis is a powerful tool for quantifying the relevant defects. However, the analysis of devices can often be complicated by non-bulk defects.
Does smoking intensity predict cessation rates? A study of light-intermittent, light-daily, and heavy smokers enrolled in two telephone-based counseling interventions

Introduction Though many interventions have been shown to be effective in helping smokers quit, outcomes may differ between light and heavy smokers. We identified differences in baseline characteristics and post-intervention cessation rates among smoker groups at two safety-net hospitals. Methods We retrospectively analyzed cessation rates in 1604 patients randomized to either a quitline referral (1-2 telephone counseling sessions) or intensive counseling program (seven telephone sessions). Participants were stratified into light-intermittent (smoked on ≤24 of last 30 days), light-daily (smoked on >24/30 days, 1-9 cigarettes per day [CPD]), or heavy smokers (smoked on >24/30 days, ≥10 CPD). We compared baseline characteristics between smoker types using chi-squared tests, then identified predictors of 30-day abstinence using a multivariable model. Results Compared with light-daily and light-intermittent smokers, heavy smokers were more likely to be white, male, concomitant e-cigarette users, to have high-risk alcohol use, to have used quitting aids previously, to have current or lifetime substance use (excluding cannabis), and have lower confidence in quitting. However, in multivariable analysis, smoker type was not significantly associated with cessation. The statistically significant predictors of cessation at 6 months were higher confidence in quitting and enrollment in the intensive counseling intervention. Conclusions Smoker type (light-intermittent, light-daily, or heavy) does not independently predict success in a cessation program. However, smoker type is strongly associated with patients' confidence in quitting, which may be one predictor of cessation. Implications This study of two safety-net hospitals emphasizes that the number of cigarettes smoked per day does not independently predict smoking cessation. Additionally, heavy smokers are at highest risk for the detrimental health effects of tobacco, yet have lower confidence and motivation to quit. Confidence in quitting may be one factor that affects cessation rates; however, further study is needed to identify which other attributes predict cessation. These findings suggest that smoker type may still be a useful proxy for predicting cessation and that interventions specifically designed for and validated in heavy smokers are needed to better aid these individuals.
Requirements for Enabling Extreme Fast Charging of High Energy Density Li-Ion Cells while Avoiding Lithium Plating

To improve electric vehicle market acceptance, the charge time of their batteries should be reduced to 10–15 minutes. However, achieving 4C to 6C charge rates with today's batteries is only possible for cells with thin electrodes coming at the expense of low energy density and high battery manufacturing cost. An electrochemical model is validated versus high rate charge data for cells with several loadings. The model elucidates that the main limitations for high energy density cells are poor electrolyte transport resulting in salt depletion within the anode and Li plating at the graphite/separator interface. Next, the model is used to understand what future electrode and electrolyte properties can help enable 4C and 6C charging. Ideally, future electrolytes would be identified with 2X conductivity, 3–4X diffusivity, and transference number of 0.5–0.6. Alternatively charging at elevated temperatures enhances electrolyte transport by 1.5X conductivity and 2–3X diffusivity with a negligible effect on transference number. Another effective strategy to enable 4C and 6C charging is reducing electrode tortuosity. Conversely, increasing electrode porosity and negative/positive ratio are ineffective strategies to improve fast charge capability.
Dispositional forgiveness and stress as primary correlates of executive functioning in adults

The purpose of this study was to explore the physical, social, and mental health correlates of executive functioning in adults. Our sample consisted of 250 adults aged 18–55 years who participated ...
House of Cards: Reflection on Dark Eros as Creative Action

This essay turns a depth-psychological lens upon the drug abuse, sexual manipulation, and murder scenes in the American television rendition of House of Cards. The Underwoods, who are obsessed with power, yet strangely enticing, invite the viewer to upend their moralistic perspective challenging notions of innocence and evil. By applying post-Freudian Lacan’s Phallus theory, the unconscious and persistent desire for power in some individuals is explored. Then, in a move toward understanding why audiences flock to such grotesque imagery, post-Jungian Moore’s notion of dark eros is extended to argue for the necessity of accepting the sadistic aspect of psyche. The notion of libertine consciousness is used to illuminate why the darkness draws us in even as it is repulsive and suggest the cautious, reflective digestion of these grotesque images as a creative action for those challenged by current political darkness. Bringing Lacan and Moore into dialogue, it is suggested that sexually toned darkness may necessarily balance the pull toward light aspects of psyche. Through close reading, intense scenes are reimagined as more than just Jungian shadow material. They also illustrate the sacrifice of innocence required as one attempts to increase consciousness.
Imaging surveillance for children with predisposition to renal tumors

Effective surveillance is necessary for early detection of tumors in children with cancer predisposition syndromes. Instituting a surveillance regimen in children comes with practical challenges that include determining imaging modality and timing, and considering cost efficiency, accessibility, and the significant consequences of false-positive and false-negative results. To address these challenges, the American Association for Cancer Research has recently published consensus recommendations that focus on surveillance of cancer predisposition syndromes in children. This review condenses the imaging surveillance recommendations for syndromes that carry a predisposition to renal tumors in childhood, and includes summaries of the predisposition syndromes and discussion of considerations of available imaging modalities.
Measurement of Dielectric Multipactor Thresholds at 110 GHz

We report experimental measurements of the threshold for multipactor discharges on dielectric surfaces at 110 GHz. Multipactor was studied in two geometries: electric field polarized parallel to or perpendicular to the sample surface. Measured multipactor thresholds ranged from 15 to $34\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MV}/\mathrm{m}$, more than 10 times higher than those found at conventional microwave frequencies. Measured thresholds were compared with prior data at lower frequencies, showing agreement with theoretical predictions that thresholds increase linearly with frequency. Measurements of the rf power dissipated in the multipactor show low dissipation ($\ensuremath{\le}1%$) for the parallel electric field case, but very strong dissipation for the perpendicular case, also in agreement with theoretical predictions. The agreement between experiment and theory over a wide range of frequencies provides a strong basis for the understanding of dielectric multipactor discharges.
KANT AND THE NEGRO

Kant's account of judgement in the Critique of Pure Reason and its relation to his concept of "the Negro".
Riemannian and Euclidean material structures in anelasticity

In this paper, we discuss the mechanics of anelastic bodies with respect to a Riemannian and a Euclidean geometric structure on the material manifold. These two structures provide two equivalent se...
Addressing the Tax Challenges of E-commerce Transactions

Purpose: This study aimed to explore e-commerce taxation in Indonesia including some factors that were supporting and also challenging the implementation of e-commerce taxation Research Methodology: Interviews were conducted from the side of fiscus (Directorate General of Taxation) and taxpayers in e-commerce industry. Data collection used semi-structured interview, observation, and documentation. Data analysis of this research was using descriptive method. Results: The result of this study proves that taxation in e-commerce industry has not been implemented in a good manner. Socialization to e-commerce taxpayers should be conducted in more structured and comprehensive ways. Limitations: The limitation of this study was the amount of interviewees due to time limitation. In future research, the amount of interviewees can be added and split into four types of e-commerce transactions according to Directorate General of Taxation Circular No 62 Year 2013. Contribution: A clear and fair e-commerce tax rules should be prepared in good manner to detect e-commerce transactions by government. Socialization to e-commerce taxpayers should be conducted in more structured and comprehensive ways to collect taxation from e-commerce transactions.
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Chemical Cardiotoxic Potential.

Cardiovascular (CV) disease is one of the most prevalent public health concerns, and mounting evidence supports the contribution of environmental chemicals to CV disease burden. In this study, we performed cardiotoxicity profiling for the Tox21 chemical library by focusing on high-throughput screening (HTS) assays whose targets are associated with adverse events related to CV failure modes. Our objective was to develop new hypotheses around environmental chemicals of potential interest for adverse CV outcomes using Tox21/ToxCast HTS data. Molecular and cellular events linked to six failure modes of CV toxicity were cross-referenced with 1399 Tox21/ToxCast assays to identify cardio-relevant bioactivity signatures. The resulting 40 targets, measured in 314 assays, were integrated via a ToxPi visualization tool and ranking system to prioritize 1138 chemicals based upon formal integration across multiple domains of information. Filtering was performed based on cytotoxicity and generalized cell stress endpoints to try and isolate chemicals with effects specific to CV biology, and bioactivity- and structure-based clustering identified subgroups of chemicals preferentially affecting targets such as ion channels and vascular tissue biology. Our approach identified drugs with known cardiotoxic effects, such as estrogenic modulators like clomiphene and raloxifene, anti-arrhythmic drugs like amiodarone and haloperidol, and antipsychotic drugs like chlorpromazine. Several classes of environmental chemicals such as organotins, bisphenol-like chemicals, pesticides, and quaternary ammonium compounds demonstrated strong bioactivity against CV targets; these were compared to existing data in the literature (e.g., from cardiomyocytes, animal data, or human epidemiological studies) and prioritized for further testing.
Double Photoionization of Helium

The differential cross section for double photoionization of helium provides a sensitive tool for exploring electron-electron correlation since the absorption of one photon cannot lead to double escape without the two electrons interacting. However, differential cross sections for double photoionization are neither easy to calculate nor easy to measure. Moreover, while a great deal has been learned about the dynamics of double photoionization since the pioneering work by Wannier1 in 1953, a complete understanding has yet to be achieved. Over the last several years we have developed a method,2,3 based on the earlier work of Rudge and Seaton,4 for calculating differential cross sections for double photoionization of helium. In this paper we present some of our results and we compare them with selected data from recent measurements in the energy range 0 to 80 eV above threshold.
Fracture propagation in Indiana Limestone interpreted via linear softening cohesive fracture model

We examine the use of a linear softening cohesive fracture model (LCFM) to predict single-trace fracture growth in short-rod (SR) and notched 3-point-bend (N3PB) test configurations in Indiana Limestone. The broad goal of this work is to (a) understand the underlying assumptions of LCFM and (b) use experimental similarities and deviations from the LCFM to understand the role of loading paths of tensile fracture propagation. Cohesive fracture models are being applied in prediction of structural and subsurface fracture propagation in geomaterials. They lump the inelastic processes occurring during fracture propagation into a thin zone between elastic subdomains. LCFM assumes that the cohesive zone initially deforms elastically to a maximum tensile stress (σmax) and then softens linearly from the crack opening width at σmax to zero stress at a critical crack opening width w1. Using commercial finite element software, we developed LCFMs for the SR and N3PB configurations. After fixing σmax with results from cylinder splitting tests and finding an initial Young's modulus (E) with unconfined compressive strength tests, we manually calibrate E and w1 in the SR model against an envelope of experimental data. We apply the calibrated LCFM parameters in the N3PB geometry and compare the model against an envelope of N3PB experiments. For accurate simulation of fracture propagation, simulated off-crack stresses are high enough to require inclusion of damage. Different elastic moduli are needed in tension and compression. We hypothesize that the timing and location of shear versus extensional micromechanical failures control the qualitative macroscopic force-versus-displacement response in different tests. For accurate prediction, the LCFM requires a constant style of failure, which the SR configuration maintains until very late in deformation. The N3PB configuration does not maintain this constancy. To be broadly applicable between geometries and failure styles, the LCFM would require additional physics, possibly including elastoplastic damage in the bulk material and more complicated cohesive softening models.
The remarkable predictability of inter‐annual variability of Atlantic hurricanes during the past decade

[1] A newly developed global model, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) High-Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) which is designed for both weather predictions and climate-change simulations, is used to predict the tropical cyclone activity at 25-km resolution. Assuming the persistence of the sea surface temperature anomaly during the forecast period, we show that the inter-annual variability of seasonal prediction for hurricane counts in the North Atlantic basin is highly predictable during the past decade (2000–2010). A remarkable correlation of 0.96 between the observed and model predicted hurricane counts is achieved. The root-mean-square error of the predicted hurricane number is less than 1 per year after correcting the model's negative bias. The predictive skill of the model in the tropics is further supported by the successful prediction of a Madden-Julian Oscillation event initialized 7-day in advance of its onset.
The Magnetic Resonance Force Microscope

The magnetic resonance force microscope (MRFM) marries the techniques of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), to produce a three-dimensional imaging instrument with high, potentially atomic-scale, resolution. The principle of the MRFM has been successfully demonstrated in numerous experiments. By virtue of its unique capabilities, the MRFM shows promise to make important contributions in fields ranging from three-dimensional materials characterization to bio-molecular structure determination. Here we focus on its application to the characterization and study of layered magnetic materials; the ability to illuminate the properties of buried interfaces in such materials is a particularly important goal. While sensitivity and spatial resolution are currently still far from their theoretical limits, they are nonetheless comparable to or superior to that achievable in conventional MRI. Further improvement of the MRFM will involve operation at lower temperature, application of larger field gradients, introduction of advanced mechanical resonators and improved reduction of the spurious coupling when the magnet is on the resonator.
Cytochrome c oxidase. The bathocuproine effect.

Abstract When a purified bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase was polarographically assayed by a method involving initial contact of the enzyme with Tween 80, very high turnover numbers were observed at low enzyme concentrations, e.g. 5 to 10 mµm cytochrome a3. When substrate-reduced enzyme was treated with bathocuproine, the high turnover numbers at low enzyme concentrations were abolished but could be recovered by further treatment of the inhibited enzyme with Cui. This new form of inhibition of the enzyme, called the "bathocuproine effect," is ascribed to an interference by the reagent of enzyme dissociation to a unit aggregate of maximal activity. The effect is not due to copper depletion of cytochrome c oxidase.
Theory of high-T C superconductivity: transition temperature

After reading over our published manuscript, we noticed that the discussion concerning the determination of σ for the ruthenate Ba2YRu0.9Cu0.1O6 in section 2.3.1 (3rd paragraph) is somewhat terse. Herein we provide an expanded analysis which better explains our estimate of γ (and thus σ) for this compound. All numbers, figures and conclusions remain unaltered. The ruthenate compounds A2YRu1-xCuxO6 (with A = Ba or Sr; x = 0.05–0.15) are double-perovskites containing no cuprate planes and with ν = μ = 1 [1] (reference [82] in the paper). The determination of γ follows from equation (2.5b), wherein rule 1b introduces the factor 1/2. In the lower limit, one expects a minimum of ~2 charges per Cu dopant, which are shared between two charge reservoirs of each layer type (AO and 1/2 (YRu1-xCuxO4)), producing a net factor of unity. Thus, for Ba2YRu0.9Cu0.1O6 (with TC0 ~ 30–40 K), we estimate γ = (1/2)(1) = 1/2, yielding σ = 0.05 as stated by equation (2.5c) in the paper. While one may expect an average effective charge state for Ru near +5, and that of Cu to be between +2 and +3 (post anneal) [2], the lower-limit estimation provided, which places the corresponding data point in figure 2 to the left of the line, appears sufficient to include the ruthenates with the other high-TC compounds found to follow equation (2.6) so far. Owing to the uncertainty in the experimental values for TC0, as well as the Ru and Cu valence states, however, this compound was excluded in the data analyses presented. Future research will attempt a more accurate determination of the charge per doped Cu, and thus σ. We would also like to point out a typographical correction in the definition of the corresponding ruthenate type II reservoir in the last column of table 1, which should read 1/2 (YRu0.9Cu0.1O4). An unrelated item is found in the fourth line of section 2.3.3, where Tb(O0.80F0.20)FeAs should read Tb(O0.80-yF0.20)FeAs. Additionally, reference [132] is now known and has the form: [132] Harshman D R and Fiory A T 2011 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 23 315702 References [1] Parkinson N G, Hatton P D, Howard J A K, Ritter C, Chien F Z and Wu M-K 2003 J. Mater. Chem. 13 1468 [2] Rao S M, Wu M-K, Ren H C, Chen C L, Guo J-H, Hsu F C, Chen S Y, Chen Y Y, Chang C L and Liu H L 2011 in preparation
Effect of pregnancy on otosclerosis

Abstract The weight of evidence found in the literature and the results of this study lead us to believe that the effect of pregnancy upon the hearing loss due to clinical otosclerosis is significant and real, although variable and largely unpredictable. This effect has often been exaggerated, however. Hearing difficulties during pregnancy have been overlooked too frequently and often have been studied inadequately. Prompt detection and otologic evaluation will allow a complete audiometric follow-up of the earlier pregnancies in otosclerotic women. Patients afflicted with the more advanced stages of otosclerosis must be aided by the otologist in the choice between an operation and a hearing aid. The results in hearing restoration after the one-stage fenestration operation and the variety of procedures performed on the stapes (particularly stapedoplasty techniques) have afforded extraordinarily good results up to now. If the patient is not amenable to surgical treatment, she may benefit greatly from the use of a suitable hearing aid and from lip reading. Thus, with a properly selected device and instruction in the early adjustment period, many persons who have severe loss of hearing are able to lead useful, happy, and efficient lives. In light of past studies, the facts summarized on the foregoing pages, and the possibilities in otosurgery and aural rehabilitation, we find that much reassurance can be offered to otosclerotic women who are anticipating future gestations. Certainly one would find it most difficult to justify a therapeutic abortion or sterilization in cases of otosclerosis complicated by pregnancy.
Hierarchical concurrent finite state machines in Ptolemy

We implement a finite state machine (FSM) domain for specifying and simulating control functionality of a system within the Ptolemy software environment. The FSM domain is successfully integrated with synchronous dataflow (SDF) and discrete event (DE) concurrency domains in Ptolemy. In this heterogeneous combination, the semantics of FSM, concurrency and hierarchy are naturally supported in a manner similar to hierarchical concurrent FSMs (HCFSMs). Unlike most formalisms that support HCFSMs, such as Statecharts and its variants, our scheme decouples the FSM from the concurrency models, enabling selection of the most appropriate concurrency model for the problem at hand.
Gambling, health and age: data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

The health effects of recreational gambling are presently unclear, particularly across age groups. Theories of healthy aging suggest that social activities, including gambling, may be beneficial to the health of older adults. Using cross-sectional data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N = 43,093), the authors examined associations between gambling (categorized as non-gambling, recreational gambling, or problem/pathological gambling) and health and functioning measures stratified by age (40-64 years and ≥ 65). Problem/pathological gambling was uniformly associated with poorer health measures among both younger and older adults. Among younger respondents, poorer health measures were also found among recreational gamblers. However, among older respondents, recreational gambling was associated not only with some negative measures (e.g., obesity) but also with some positive measures (e.g., better physical and mental functioning). Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the relationship between gambling and health in older adults in the context of healthy aging.
Discrete event simulation of object movement and interactions

A set of routines is described that assist a programmer in modeling object movement and interactions. Interactions occur when objects move in range or leave range of other objects. Interaction events are rescheduled automatically as objects change vectors. Routines are written in Pascal to take advantage of its dynamic memory allocation capability and minimize memory require ments. An airport simulation demonstrates use of the routines.
Electron Transfer. 136. Decomposition of Peroxynitrite As Catalyzed by Sulfito-Bound Cobalt(III)1

The self-decomposition of peroxynitrite in strongly basic solution, principally to O2 and nitrite (2ON−O−O- → O2 + 2NO2-), is catalyzed markedly by the sulfito-substituted cobalt(III) complexes [Co(NH3)5(SO3)]+ and cis-[Co(NH3)4(SO3)2]- but not by cobalt compounds devoid of ligated sulfite. Catalysis does not entail recycling of cobalt between di- and tripositive states. As a result of trans-labilizing action of bound sulfite, the bis(sulfito) catalyst is taken to be converted to the corresponding cis-(H2O)2 complex, which, in the basic medium employed, is deprotonated to a mixture of mono- and dihydroxo complexes (both reactive), thus accounting for the two paths indicated by kinetic data taken in the presence of this catalyst. It is proposed that catalytic action is initiated when peroxynitrite replaces coordinated water at the Co(III) site, that the O−O bond undergoes homolysis by a Fenton-like act, except that the electron lost from the catalyst arises from a ligating sulfito group rather than Co(III)...
Self-direction in home care for older people: a consumer's perspective.

ABSTRACT Interest among elder home care consumers in playing a stronger role in planning and supervising their own care was examined. Elder home care consumers were surveyed to determine their willingness to assume more responsibility for their home care such as in the hiring, paying, scheduling, supervising and/or firing of their home care worker. Telephone interviews were conducted of 883 home care clients in the Massachusetts Home Care Program which is administered through 27 local, private, non-profit Home Care Corporations (HCC) and which currently serves 33,000 clients. Respondents reported high levels of satisfaction with their home care services and home care worker. However, a substantial minority of respondents reported a willingness to assume more responsibility for their own home care services. A quarter to a third of the respondents indicated that they could take greater responsibility for supervising a home care worker and needed less assistance from a case manager, Multiple regression analy...
“Why Mills, Not Gouldner?” Selective History and Differential Commemoration in Sociology

Despite the close resemblances evident in their major works, their critical stance and their politics, C. Wright Mills and Alvin Gouldner have received strikingly different responses from their sociological peers, and they now occupy very different places in the collective memory of the discipline. This intriguing discrepancy provides the basis here for a comparative case study that examines both ongoing commemorative practices and historical evidence. This paper shows how the sociological community has frequently and approvingly commemorated Mills through introductory textbooks, as well as reading lists for doctoral comprehensive examinations, awards in Mills’ honor and biographies of Mills, while doing much less to preserve and promote the memory of Gouldner and his contributions to the field. In an effort to attain a better understanding of such differences, I compare the prescriptions that each advocated for the discipline, especially as these are expressed in Mills’ Sociological Imagination and Gouldner’s Coming Crisis of Western Sociology. The analysis emphasizes how Mills explicitly sought to move beyond sociology, in a narrow academic sense, and called for well-honed empirical endeavors with relevance for a variety of publics, whereas Gouldner proceeded largely as an academic theorist who demanded sociological-theoretical reform. Unlike Mills, he did not breach the gap between academia and the general public. These findings illustrate an apparent paradox, namely, that American sociology in the twenty-first century may reserve its most esteemed positions for internal critics who advocate movement beyond its contemporary confines.
Enlarged bronchial arteries after early repair of transposition of the great arteries

Abstract Objectives . This study was undertaken to define the incidence of enlarged bronchial arteries after early surgical repair of transposition of the great arteries by the arterial switch operation, and to report the results of catheter-directed therapy in five patients. Background . Pathologic and angiographic studies have demonstrated enlarged bronchial arteries in patients with transposition of the great arteries. Methods . A subjective 4-point scale was used to grade postoperative angiograms performed in 119 patients at our institution between January 1983 and December 1991. Grades 0 and 1 were designated if there was no opacification of the pulmonary arteries or veins, whereas grades 2 and 3 were assigned if there was such opacification. The median age at repair was 8 days (range 1 day to 13 months) and the median age at catheterizatian was 11.2 months (range 3.6 to 58.5). An intact vernicular septum was present in 84 (71%) of 119 patients. Resalts . Significantly increased broachial flow (grade 2 or 3) was present in 55 (46%) of 119 patients. Age at repair, age at catheterization and interval between repair and catheterization were not associated with significantly increased bronchial flow; however, an intact ventricular septum was weakly associated with increased flow (p = 0.04). Coil emholization was performed in live patients with complete occlusion of the vessels and no significant complications. Conclusions . Abnormally enlarged bronchial arteries are frequently identified at postoperative catheterization despite early repair and may explain continuous murmurs or persistent cardiomegaly in patients with otherwise normal noninvasive findings. When clinically indicated, catheter-directed therapy can be performed with good results.
When is an Hour Not 60 Minutes? Deadlines, Temporal Schemata, and Individual and Task Group Performance

We investigated variation in how deadlines are experienced based on whether they match culturally entrained milestones. Consequences for task performance were also examined. We manipulated starting times on two experimental tasks as prototypical (e.g., 4:00 p.m.) or atypical (e.g., 4:07 p.m). In one experiment, each of 20 task groups was to create a television commercial in one hour. Groups' time pacing and performance varied significantly, and groups with prototypical starting times performed better. In a second experiment, 73 individuals were to divide time equally between two tasks. Individuals with atypical starting times performed more poorly on their second tasks.
Using a Multi-Instance Enrollment Representation to Improve 3D Face Recognition

One of most challenging problems in 3D face recognition is matching images containing different expressions in the probe and gallery sets. Face images containing the same expression can be accurately identified; however, realistic biometric scenarios are not guaranteed to have the same expression in both probe and gallery. In this paper we examine a multi-instance enrollment representation as a means to improve the performance of a 3D face recognition system. Experiments are conducted on the ND-2006 data corpus which is the largest set of 3D face scans available to the research community. In addition, we show that using a gallery comprised of multiple expressions offers consistently higher performance than using any single expression.
Expert Roles and Information Exchange during Discussion: The Importance of Knowing Who Knows What

Abstract Whereas decision-making groups can benefit from pooling members′ unique knowledge, they often do not benefit because information that is held by only one member is omitted from discussion (Stasser, Taylor, & Hanna, 1986b). However, if members are assigned expert roles, they may be able to implement a cognitive division of labor that promotes the sampling and use of members′ unique knowledge. Participants in this study read a homicide mystery and then met in three-person groups to discuss the case and select the guilty suspect. A group collectively had all the clues, but each member read a version of the mystery that contained only a subset of the clues that were critical to identifying the correct suspect. Groups were more likely to select the correct suspect and mentioned more of the unshared clues when members were told who in the group had additional information about each suspect. However, simply forewarning individual members that they would receive more information about a specific suspect did not have these beneficial effects. These results suggest that adequate collective sampling of unshared information depends on coordinated information processing which is based on members mutually recognizing each other′s responsibility for specific domains of information.
Probing times for Jupiter

On 7 December 1995, if all goes to plan, the Galileo spacecraft will swing into orbit around Jupiter, turning its back on the first-ever probe dropped into the planet's atmosphere. The probe, descending by parachute, should be able to take atmospheric data from above the tops of the clouds, where the pressure is several hundred millibar, down to a pressure of 25-30 bar, which is well below cloud base. Water is the key compound, both for the clues it contains about Solar System formation, and for its role in meteorology. On the Earth, moist convection is probably the single most important and least understood process in the climate system. Galileo will at last give us the chance to study moist convection on another planet.
A low power, low delay TIA for on-chip applications

A low power, low delay TIA for on-chip optical fanout applications is presented. Through the testing results, our earlier theoretical predictions on the advantages of optical fanout at short distances are confirmed for small loads.
Use of RFID Technology for Automatic Job Costing

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been used to collect information for use in information systems that support knowledge-based business decisions. Most applications involve using the technology for automatic identification and tracking within facilities and supply chains. However, there are a number of other uses for the technology in the context of supporting knowledge-based decisions. By describing an innovative use of RFID technology, this study contributes to research and practice in the area of knowledge-based tools. Specifically, the process created in this study uses RFID technology to automatically and accurately calculate job costing information for fixed-position projects. By implementing the methods described in this process, business professionals can reap important benefits from the knowledge generated by the system.
Communication: A novel method for generating molecular mixtures at extreme conditions: The case of hydrogen and oxygen

We have successfully created a segregated mixture of hydrogen and oxygen at high pressure in a diamond anvil cell using hard x-ray photochemistry. A keyhole (two holes connected by an opening) sample chamber was created in a metallic gasket to support two segregated powders of ammonia borane and potassium perchlorate, respectively, in each hole at a pressure of ∼5.0 GPa. Both holes were separately irradiated with synchrotron hard x-rays to release molecular oxygen and molecular hydrogen, respectively. Upon irradiation of the first KClO4-containing hole, solid reddish-orange O2 appeared in the region of irradiation and molecular oxygen was found to diffuse throughout the entire sample region. The second ammonia borane-containing hole was then irradiated and H2 was observed to form via Raman spectroscopy. Water also was observed in the ammonia borane-containing hole and possibly (in the form of ice VII) in the second hole. This unique experiment demonstrates the ability to easily create solid mixtures of simple molecular systems via x-ray irradiation and then react them via further irradiation which will aid the study of chemistry under extreme conditions.
Threats, Suggestions, Hints, and Promises: Gaining Compliance Efficiently and Politely.

Threats, suggestions, hints, and promises are examined for their politeness and expediency in gaining others' compliance. The compliance gaining and politeness literatures rank‐order these verbal acts along a unidimensional scale where politeness and efficiency are treated as bipolar opposites (i.e., what is polite is inefficient and what is efficient is impolite). This research tested the predicted rank‐orderings of the politeness and expediency of threats, suggestions, hints, and promises stemming from these literatures and found that: (a) hints, while inefficient, are not among the most polite strategies for gaining compliance; (b) threats, while impolite, are not among the most efficient strategies for gaining compliance; (c) direct requests, while among the most efficient ways to get others to do things, are not impolite; (d) suggestions are neither as inefficient nor as polite as expected; and (e) promises are only moderately polite while equally efficient as threats. The value of politeness theory ...
On the combination of equation of state and excess free energy models

Abstract In this communication we review the bases for a collection of equation of state mixing rules which have been developed that combine activity coefficient (or excess free energy of mixing) models with equations of state. We show that combining equations of state and activity coefficient models at infinite pressure produces mixing rules that are free of ad hoc assumptions, and are easy to understand and implement. In contrast, when the link is made at zero or low pressure, problems arise because the liquid volume appears in the mixing rule. In principle, this requires solving the equation of state for the liquid volumes of each of the pure components and for the mixture. To avoid such calculations, and to deal with the problem that a liquid phase solution to the equation of state may not exist for one or more of the pure components at the temperature of interest, several ad hoc procedures have been proposed. It is these procedures that differentiate between the various zero (low) pressure mixing rules. Each of the mixing rules reviewed here is successful for at least some range of temperatures, though some of their shortcomings are discussed. Finally, two new variants of this class of mixing rules are proposed, of which one is tested and found to be simple, and at least as satisfactory as presently used zero-pressure mixing rules.
Inhibition of Supraeschar and Subeschar Pseudomonas Infection by Silver Sulfadiazine Dry Foam

The results of an in vivo, evaluation of silver sulfadiazine dry foam are described. Using burned guinea pigs infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, silver sulfadiazine was applied every 12 hr as the dry foam or ointment. After 72 hr of therapy with the medicated dry foam, only one of the 15 burns remained infected while seven of the 15 burns remained positive for Pseudomonas, after treatment with the corresponding medicated ointment (p, 0.01). It is suggested that the medicated dry foam provided significantly greater activity in treating a supraeschar burn wound infection of recent onset. In addition, a modified crossover study demonstrated that both the medicated dry foam and ointment are less effective in treating subeschar burn wound infections.
Cataracts in experimentally diabetic mouse: morphological and apoptotic changes.

Aim: The objective of these investigations was to extend our earlier study on the induction of cataracts in diabetic mice, a low aldose reductase (AR) animal model at morphological level. Previous studies were done primarily at biochemical level. Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin. The lenses isolated after the establishment of diabetes were then subjected to histologic and electron microscopic studies. Results: Morphological alterations were characterized by shrinkage, elongation and lobulization of the nuclei of the epithelial cells. This was associated with chromatin condensation and its margination. Similar structural aberrations were also observed in a significant number of the subepithelial fibre cells representing defect in fibre maturation. More interestingly, unlike that in other common animal models of diabetic cataract, such abnormally nucleated cells were also found to be prevalent in the posterior subcapsular region, a finding common in human diabetics also. Conclusion: The present studies further affirm the suitability of the mouse model for a study of cataractogenesis induced by diabetes. Because of the findings reported herein, as well as the known biochemical similarity between the lenses of the mice and humans in respect of AR deficiency, contrary to the rat model where it is very high, use of this species is considered more useful towards understanding the basic aetiology as well as for evaluating the efficacy of various referred nutritional and metabolic antioxidants against such cataracts.