cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulations of Hurricane Katrina (2005) under sea level and climate conditions for 1900

Global warming may result in substantial sea level rise and more intense hurricanes over the next century, leading to more severe coastal flooding. Here, observed climate and sea level trends over the last century (c. 1900s to 2000s) are used to provide insight regarding future coastal inundation trends. The actual impacts of Hurricane Katrina (2005) in New Orleans are compared with the impacts of a similar hypothetical hurricane occurring c. 1900. Estimated regional sea level rise since 1900 of 0.75 m, which contains a dominant land subsidence contribution (0.57 m), serves as a ‘prototype’ for future climate-change induced sea level rise in other regions. Landform conditions c. 1900 were estimated by changing frictional resistance based on expected additional wetlands at lower sea levels. Surge simulations suggest that flood elevations would have been 15 to 60 % lower c. 1900 than the conditions observed in 2005. This drastic change suggests that significantly more flood damage occurred in 2005 than would have occurred if sea level and climate conditions had been like those c. 1900. We further show that, in New Orleans, sea level rise dominates surge-induced flooding changes, not only by increasing mean sea level, but also by leading to decreased wetland area. Together, these effects enable larger surges. Projecting forward, future global sea level changes of the magnitude examined here are expected to lead to increased flooding in coastal regions, even if the storm climate is unchanged. Such flooding increases in densely populated areas would presumably lead to more widespread destruction.
Remission of the Lambert-Eaton Syndrome and small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy

A patient presented with the Lambert-Eaton syndrome and small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung was subsequently diagnosed. Treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy resulted in remission of both the cancer and the neuromuscular disorder. This case represents the first documented remission of the Lambert-Eaton syndrome following nonoperative treatment of the primary malignancy and emphasizes the therapeutic value of early diagnosis of this disorder.
Aquifer Coefficients Determined from Multiple Well Effects, Fernandina Beach, Florida

On September 30, 1977, a large industrial plant in Fernandina Beach, Florida, shut down six artesian wells that had been pumping continuously for several weeks from the Floridan aquifer. Two wells continued pumping until November 20, 1977, at which time the shutdown wells were restarted. A water-level recorder on an observation well recorded the changing water level following shutdown and startup. Pumping rates of the wells ranged from 400,000 to 590,000 cubic feet per day (11,000 to 16,000 cubic meters per day). Distances from the pumped wells to the observation well range from 660 to 7,920 feet (200-2,420 meters). Analysis of the water-level data was further complicated because the wells were neither turned off nor restarted simultaneously; during recovery one well was restarted and pumped for several hours; and at the beginning of startup, a well that had been pumping continuously during the shutdown was turned off. The Cooper-Jacob graphical method, based on the principle of superposition and using values of specific drawdown or specific recovery (s/Q) and weighted logarithmic mean of the distance squared divided by time , was applied to determine the aquifer coefficients for the upper water-bearing zone of the aquifer. A transmissivity of 30,000 feet squared per day (2,800 meters squared per day) and a storage coefficient of between 2.5 × 10-4 and 4.0 × 10-4 were computed.
High-temperature thermocouple and heat flux gauge using a unique thin film-hardware hot junction

A special thin film-hardware material thermocouple (TC) and heat flux gauge concept for a reasonably high temperature and high flux flat plate heat transfer experiment was fabricated and tested to gauge temperatures of 911 K. This concept was developed for minimal disturbance of boundary layer temperature and flow over the plates and minimal disturbance of heat flux through the plates. Comparison of special heat flux gauge Stanton number output at steady-state conditions with benchmark literature data was good and agreement was within a calculated uncertainty of the measurement system. Also, good agreement of special TC and standard TC outputs was obtained and the results are encouraging. Oxidation of thin film thermoelements was a primary failure mode after about 5 of operation.
Electron Transmission and Avalanche Gain in Narrow Lead Glass Tubing

Electron drift structures have been manufactured from small diameter lead glass tubing. Baking the tubing in a reducing atmosphere produces a resistive metallic layer which can be used as a continuous voltage divider for drift field shaping. Some preliminary measurements of electron transmission through such structures were made and some modest avalanche gain within the tubing was observed. Possible applications in the suppression of photon feedback in Ring Imaging Cerenkov Counters and in improving the time resolution in positron emission tomography are discussed.
A 78-Year-Old Woman with Brain Metastases

The patient was a 78-year-old woman, a nonsmoker, with a history of a stage IIIC2 low-grade endometrial carcinoma, endometrioid type, in 2011, which was treated with surgery, vaginal cuff brachytherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Her medical history also included hyperthyroidism and hypertension. In December 2013 she presented to another hospital with nausea and a posterior occipital headache. Head computed tomography demonstrated a cerebellar mass and she was transferred to our institution for further workup. Imaging also showed an approximately 5-cm left lung perihilar mass suspicious for a primary bronchogenic malignancy, an ill-defined approximately 3-cm right hepatic lobe mass concerning for malignancy, either primary or metastatic, and multiple sclerotic osseous metastases in the thoracolumbar spine. A brain MRI was performed to further characterize the metastatic lesions. There was a 3.0-cm mixed solid and cystic mass in the medial and inferior right cerebellar hemisphere with marked mass effect upon the fourth ventricle. An additional enhancing mass was present in the left occipital lobe (1.7 cm). The right cerebellar tumor was excised and on pathology showed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, TTF-1 (thyroid transcription factor 1)-positive and PAX-8 negative, consistent with a metastatic adenocarcinoma of pulmonary origin. ### PATIENT FOLLOW-UP The patient's tumor was genotyped on the Ion AmpliSeq™ Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 and was found to harbor an epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR )4 exon 20 9-bp insertion (c.2311\_2312insGCGTGGACA, p.D770\_N771insSVD) and an incidental tumor protein p53 ( TP53 ) mutation (c.403C>T, p.R135W); another testing method was not used to confirm the genotype. ### QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What is the role of genotyping lung adenocarcinomas for selection of therapy? 2. Describe the difference between primary and secondary resistance. 3. Which gene mutations should routinely be tested for in lung adenocarcinoma in a molecular pathology laboratory? Molecular genotyping of lung adenocarcinoma is the current standard of care, the results of which are used to direct personalized …
Learning from Bogotá: How Municipal Experts Transformed Public Space

This paper examines how the decentralization of state power and, advent of mayoral elections in Bogota, Colombia, enabled municipal government, with the help of a cadre of professional planners and designers, to transform the city socially and physically by reinventing civil society and public space. Three contiguous mayoral administrations used public space as a setting and tool to reinvent a culture of citizenship as well as to demonstrate competency on behalf of the mayors. The mayors’ strategy was largely successful as Bogota has experienced a move from individualism to collective spirit, and citizens report improvements in civility, friendliness and quality of life. Much of the city's success derives from the vision of the mayors and the important role urban planners and designers provide in implementing that vision. By examining Bogota's transformation, it is possible to better understand how local politicians and planning and design administrators are key to that change.
Detection of Murine Leukemia Virus or Mouse DNA in Commercial RT-PCR Reagents and Human DNAs

The xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related viruses (XMRV) have been reported in persons with prostate cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome, and less frequently in blood donors. Polytropic MLVs have also been described in persons with CFS and blood donors. However, many studies have failed to confirm these findings, raising the possibility of contamination as a source of the positive results. One PCR reagent, Platinum Taq polymerase (pol) has been reported to contain mouse DNA that produces false-positive MLV PCR results. We report here the finding of a large number of PCR reagents that have low levels of MLV sequences. We found that recombinant reverse-transcriptase (RT) enzymes from six companies derived from either MLV or avian myeloblastosis virus contained MLV pol DNA sequences but not gag or mouse DNA sequences. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed high relatedness to Moloney MLV, suggesting residual contamination with an RT-containing plasmid. In addition, we identified contamination with mouse DNA and a variety of MLV sequences in commercially available human DNAs from leukocytes, brain tissues, and cell lines. These results identify new sources of MLV contamination and highlight the importance of careful pre-screening of commercial specimens and diagnostic reagents to avoid false-positive MLV PCR results.
The intraday relation between return volatility, transactions, and volume☆

Abstract In this article, we examine the relation between return volatility, average trade size, and the frequency of transactions using transaction data. Consistent with Jones, Kaul, and Lipson (1994) (. Review of Financial Studies, 7, 631–651), our results show that the frequency of trades has a high explanatory power for return volatility. However, contrary to their finding, we find that average trade size contains nontrivial information for return volatility. The positive relation between return volatility and average trade size is more significant for actively traded stocks. Furthermore, return volatility exhibits significant intraday variations. It is found that the effect of trade frequency on return volatility is much stronger in the opening trading period.
Elementary school retention: An unjustifiable, discriminatory and noxious educational policy

Abstract The long and short term correlates of first and second grade retention are examined in relation to the variables of achievement and intelligence over a six year period. The retained and promoted control group were also compared in terms of relevant demographic variables: sex, race, initial intelligence, socioeconomic level of family, father absent, etc. The data led the authors to conclude that retention is an unjustifiable, discriminatory, and noxious educational policy.
Structure and content in language production: a theory of frame constraints in phonological speech errors

Theories of language production propose that utterances are constructed by a mechanism that separates linguistic content from linguistic structure, Linguistic content is retrieved from the mental lexicon, and is then inserted into slots in linguistic structures or frames. Support for this kind of model at the phonological level comes from patterns of phonological speech errors. W present an alternative account of these patterns using a connectionist or parallel distributed proceesing (PDP) model that learns to produce sequences of phonological features. The model's errors exhibit some of the properties of human speech errors, specifically, properties that have been attributed to the action of phonological rules, frames, or other structural generalizations.
Immediate acceptance of ethanol in infant rats: ontogenetic differences with moderate but not high ethanol concentration.

Background: During the preweanling period, infant rats consume large quantities of ethanol without initiating procedures. Ethanol intake during this period has seemed to be age related, with peak consumption occurring near the end of the second postnatal week, on postnatal day (P)12, but only a narrow range of conditions has been tested. Methods: Independent ingestion of ethanol was measured at each of two ages, P12 and P18, with systematic variation in ethanol concentration, duration of exposure, and mode of fluid presentation. Ethanol ingestion was measured in terms of percentage body weight gain, grams of absolute ethanol ingested per unit body weight, and blood ethanol concentration. Results: Ingestion of 30% ethanol during a 40-min period led to blood ethanol concentrations approaching 300 mg/100 ml at both P12 and P18. For ethanol concentrations of 10 or 20%, ingestion at P12 was greater than at P18. When ethanol was available from ethanol-soaked Kimwipe on the floor, ethanol intake transdermally or by inhalation was apparent but accounted for less than half of the overall ethanol intake. It was clear that for older infants, which are susceptible to ethanol's diuretic effects and are much more likely to self-void than those at P12, measurement of intake by percentage body weight gain can underestimate ethanol ingestion. Conclusions: The infant rat ingests extraordinarily high levels of ethanol, in concentrations as high as 30%, without initiation procedures. Acceptance of ethanol by infants on first exposure contrasts with the conventional rejection of these concentrations by adults. It is unclear why younger infants (P12) consume more 10 and 20% ethanol than older (P18) infants. These and other differences in ethanol intake between infants and older animals may be due initially to the relative ontogeny of receptors for bitter and sweet taste and subsequently to other factors.
High-speed triangulation-based point sensing using phase detection

Triangulation sensors have been in wide use for many years. Most point sensors use a laser spot, which is detected using either a lateral effect photodiode or a linear detector array. The centroid of the spot is used to determine the range using triangulation. On many engineered surfaces, this spot image may suffer from speckle, surface texture, or other issues that limit the ability to repeatably measure the centroid. Many analysis means, such as fitting of the spot, zero crossing, and averaging methods have been tried to make the sensor more robust to surface influenced noise. This paper will present a system using a split image and phase detection to obtain the range. The speed of the sensor is gained by using simple point photodiodes and a moire effect to obtain the phase measurement. The paper will discuss the pros and cons of this approach, and show results on untreated metal parts.ear)
Bending-wave diffraction from strips and cracks on thin plates

Two canonical problems concerning scattering of bending waves in thin plates are solved. The scatterers are either a semi infinite rigid strip or a semi infinite crack in an otherwise uniform plate of infinite extent. The ewact scattered waves are respresented by Fourier integrals obained using the Wiener Hopf method. The far field diffraction coefficient for the rigid strip isindependent of the material parameters, and is thus a universal parameter
Bacterial Culture Isolates from Hospitalized Pediatric Patients With Conjunctivitis

Purpose To determine the spectrum of organisms causing acute bacterial conjunctivitis in hospitalized children at a tertiary care referral center. Design Retrospective chart review. Methods Charts of hospitalized children with positive conjunctival cultures were reviewed, and patients with clinical description of conjunctivitis were studied. Results One hundred and seven isolates from 59 patients were included in the study. The most common organisms cultured were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (59.3% of patients), viridans Streptococcus (47.5%), and Staphylococcus aureus (20.3%). The type of organisms differed based on age, with S. aureus and Haemophilus influenzae being more common in nonneonates. Gram-negative bacilli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species were more common in patients hospitalized longer than two days. Conclusions The distribution of bacterial organisms causing acute bacterial conjunctivitis in our hospitalized children differs from that of previous reports in the outpatient setting. Conjunctival swabbing for culture and sensitivities before instituting empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy may be useful.
Student Understanding of Sight Distance in Geometric Design: A Beginning Line of Inquiry

Although many students demonstrate considerable aptitude in manipulating equations and variables within academic environments, research consistently shows that they lack conceptual understanding; the deficit accounts for their difficulties in choosing appropriate equations or understanding the basic phenomena that undergird such equations. This study investigates undergraduate understanding of sight distance and stopping sight distance in introductory transportation courses. Although sight distance and stopping sight distance are fundamental concepts in transportation engineering, students demonstrate considerable difficulty in understanding these concepts and often rely on previous experience or preferred equations without relating them to specific phenomena of interest. Suggested approaches are offered for transportation engineering educators to improve their students' conceptual understanding.
Induction of immune tolerance to a transplantation carbohydrate antigen by gene therapy with autologous lymphocytes transduced with adenovirus containing the corresponding glycosyltransferase gene.

Induction of tolerance to transplantation carbohydrate antigens is of clinical significance in recipients of ABO-incompatible allografts, or of xenografts. The experimental animal model used for studying such tolerance was that of α1,3galactosyltransferase (α1,3GT) knockout (KO) mice, which lacks the α-gal epitope (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R) and which can produce the anti-Gal antibody against it. In contrast, wild-type (WT) mice synthesize the α-gal epitope and are immunotolerant to it. KO lymphocytes transduced in vitro with adenovirus containing the α1,3GT gene (AdαGT) express α-gal epitopes. Administration of such lymphocytes into KO mice resulted in tolerization of naive and memory anti-Gal B cells. Mice tolerized by AdαGT transduced lymphocytes failed to produce anti-Gal following immunizations with pig kidney membranes (PKM) expressing multiple α-gal epitopes. This tolerance was perpetuated by transplanted syngeneic WT mouse hearts expressing α-gal epitopes. Transplanted WT hearts survived in the tolerized KO mice for at least 100 days, despite repeated PKM immunizations. Control mice receiving lymphocytes transduced with adenovirus lacking the α1,3GT gene were not tolerized, but produced anti-Gal and rejected transplanted WT hearts. This study suggests that autologous lymphocytes transduced with adenovirus containing A or B transferase genes may induce a similar tolerance to blood group antigens in humans.
Acellular Dermal Matrix in Primary Breast Reconstruction

The use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in many plastic surgery procedures, including breast reconstruction, has increased dramatically in recent years. While expander/implant reconstruction can be performed successfully with standard techniques, the introduction of ADM has added a new tool with which to achieve lasting, predictable results. This article is a summary of existing literature on ADM for primary implant reconstruction, to provide a more thorough understanding of the benefits of ADM in single- and to two-stage breast reconstruction and to identify the areas where further investigation is needed.
Concentration and non-price competition in the recording industry

This paper examines the effect of varying levels of concentration on a certain type of non-price competition in the recording industry. That dimension of rivalry is the quantity of new recordings released which, as our analysis shows, is likely to be directly related to the degree of musical innovation and diversity offered by the industry. Two theoretical models of the effects of concentration on recording firm behavior are developed and empirical tests are derived to determine if either model correctly predicts industry behavior. Examination of two sets of data suggests that increases in concentration may have led to fewer releases of new recordings, possibly as a result of collusive conduct.
Hydrodynamic instability in fluid layers with uniform volumetric energy sources

Linear and energy theory stability criteria are presented for fluid layers of infinite horizontal extent heated internally by a uniform volumetric energy source. The thermal coupling between the layer and its environment is modeled by a general mixed boundary condition in both the conduction state and the disturbance temperature. Rigid-rigid, free-free, free-rigid, and rigid-free boundaries are considered in the computations. For a fixed ratio of upper surface Biot number to that at the lower surface, decreasing the Biot number is strictly destabilizing for both linear and energy theory criteria. A region of possible subcritical instability is found; its size is strongly dependent on Biot number and becomes small for small values of lower surface Biot number and large Biot number ratio. For two rigid surfaces and an upper and lower surface Biot number of 47.5, mean energy transport measurementswithin the convecting layer indicate a critical Reyleigh number close to that predicted by linear theory. Subcritical instability is not observed when finite amplitude disturbances are introduced at a Rayleigh number between the critical values predicted by the linear theory and the energy theory.
Electron angular distributions above the day side auroral oval

An electrostatic analyzer was employed on the Ariel 4 satellite to determine pitch angle distributions of electron intensities over the dayside auroral oval. Two major precipitation zones were encountered: an equatorward zone of broad spectra with intensities of approximately 1000 electrons/(sq cm-sec-sr-eV) and a poleward zone, the polar cusp, with intensities typical of those of the magnetosheath. Angular distributions within the equatorward zone are generally isotropic outside of the atmospheric backscatter cone. The precipitation mechanism appears to be pitch angle scattering near the distant magnetic equator. In contrast, pitch angle distributions within the polar cusp are often found to be strongly field aligned with intensities within the atmospheric loss cone greater by factors of approximately 10 than the mirroring intensities. These distributions are qualititatively similar to those for the inverted V precipitation events at later local times, and probably share a common acceleration mechanism with the inverted V phenomenon.
Loan defaults and hazard models for bankruptcy prediction

Purpose – Recent bankruptcy research uses hazard models and extensive samples of companies. The large samples used have precluded the inclusion of a variable related to companies' loan default status in the models. With a sample limited to financially distressed companies, the authors aim to examine if results differ when loan default status and/or audit opinion variables are omitted from hazard bankruptcy prediction models.Design/methodology/approach – The sampling frame is publicly traded US companies, consisting of 111 bankrupt and 310 matching companies from 2003 to 2007. The study applies logistic regression to choose variables for parsimonious bankruptcy prediction models to validate hypotheses. Loan default status and/or audit opinion variables are included as potential predictive variables along with variables included in previous hazard bankruptcy prediction models.Findings – Results reveal that loan default and audit opinion variables: improve the predictive accuracy for financially distressed s...
Mapping tissue oxygenation in the beating heart with near-infrared spectroscopic imaging

Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD), defined as partial or complete blockage of one or more arteries supplying blood to the heart, led to 40,000 deaths in 1998 in Canada alone. While hundreds of thousands of bypass surgeries are performed every year to treat CAD, there is currently no routine method to monitor blood or tissue oxygenation in order to gauge the success of the procedure. To provide this information, we have combined the chemical sensitivity of spectroscopy with the spatial resolution of imaging to generate maps of regional cardiac oxygenation with better than 1 mm 2 resolution. Since near-IR spectroscopic imaging has recently been used to map blood and tissue oxygenation in the arrested heart, the aims of the present study were (I) to map oxygenation in the beating heart, and (II) to determine the sensitivity of this approach in resolving different degrees of partial ischemia (reduced blood supply). Spectroscopic reflectance image sets were acquired (650–1050 nm at 10-nm intervals) for isolated, beating, blood-perfused porcine hearts ( n =4), in which the left anterior descending (LAD) artery was cannulated. Flow through the LAD artery was decreased stepwise to 50, 20 and 0% of normal flow and then restored to 100%, while flow through the rest of the tissue remained normal. Spectroscopic image sets were acquired at each step. Oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin/myoglobin (Hb+Mb) levels were determined with a least squares spectral fitting algorithm. Oxygenation images (calculated using a ratio between the two Hb+Mb values) clearly revealed decreased oxygenation in the area at risk below the cannulation. Different levels of arterial flow were also clearly reflected by differences in oxygenation images.
The rigidity of certain cabled frameworks and the second-order rigidity of arbitrarily triangulated convex surfaces

rigid, then the whole surface is rigid. It had been suspected that any (connected) polyhedral surface, convex or not, (with its triangular faces, say, held rigid) was rigid, but this has turned out to be false (see Connelly [7]). W e extend Cauchy’s theorem to show that any convex polyhedral surface, no matter how it is triangulated, is rigid. Note that vertices are allowed in the relative interior of the natural faces and edges. Here we say a triangulated surface in three-space is rigid if any continuous deformation -of the surface that keeps the distance fixed between any pair of points in each triangle (a part of the triangulation of the surface), keeps the distance fixed between any pair of points on the surface (and thus extends to an isometry of three-space). A natural face of a convex polyhedral surface is the two dimensional intersection of a support plane with the surface (see Fig. 3). Similarly natural edges and vertices are one- and zero-dimensional intersections, respectively. Thus in Cauchy’s theorem it is insisted that under a deformation of the surface the distance is fixed between any pair of points of a natural face and not just some triangle of a triangulation. Alexandrov [l] showed that if a convex polyhedral surface is triangulated with no vertices in the relative interior of a natural face (but they are allowed in natural edges), then the surface is rigid. This theorem is the basic result for the results of this paper. The author is grateful for a description of Alexandrov’s proof by Asimow and Roth [5]. Whiteley [ 151 also has a somewhat
The inhibitory effect of oak leaf litter tannins on the growth of fungi, in relation to litter decomposition

Abstract The effects of oak leaf litter tannins on nineteen different species of fungi, freshly isolated from decomposing oak leaf litter were assayed. Two different approaches to the assay were taken. The first was by difference in effects induced by aqueous extracts and aqueous extracts treated with poly- n -vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and the second by assay of purified tannins in artificial aqueous medium. Of the nineteen fungal species assayed, fourteen were inhibited. Four species considered to be most important fungal decomposers were inhibited. Some aspects of the ecology of some of the fungi and their reaction to tannins are discussed.
Heat lability of rabbit anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae serum.

The metabolic-inhibition test utilizing glucose as a substrate was used to follow the immune response of New Zealand white rabbits injected via the footpad with a suspension ofMycoplasma pneumoniae grownin vitro. Sera were collected 7 and 11 days after initial inoculation and at intervals following several booster injections. The early sera were shown to be dependent upon a heat-labile accessory factor for demonstration of the inhibitory activity. This accessory factor could be supplied by unheated normal rabbit or normal guinea pig serum. The sera collected subsequent to multiple booster injections did not require such a heat-labile factor and inhibition was not enhanced by the addition of normal rabbit sera. A preliminary TEAE cellulose fractionation of early immune serum gave evidence for two species of antibody activities, one heat-stable dependent upon a heat-labile accessory factor for activity, and the other heat-labile dependent upon a heat-labile accessory factor for activity.
Observations on Zugunruhe in Spring Migrating Eared Grebes

Abstract About 200 North American Eared Grebes (Podiceps nigricollis californicus) at Tule Lake Refuge in northern California were observed engaging in successive waves of mass pattering and pattering flights on 25 May 2011. Most grebes present in a part of a canal were involved in this activity. Counts of grebes on the morning of 26 May suggest an important portion of the Eared Grebes seen in pattering could have left the area over night. The behavior was characterized as zugunruhe. Directed mass pattering of Eared Grebes may contribute to synchronization of the onward migration of the birds involved.
Comparison of the numerical modelling and experimental measurements of DIII-D separatrix displacements during H-modes with resonant magnetic perturbations

Numerical modelling of the plasma boundary position and its displacement due to external magnetic perturbations in DIII-D low-collisionality H-mode discharges is presented. The results of the vacuum model are compared to the experimental measurements for boundary displacements including Thomson scattering electron temperature Te, charge exchange recombination spectroscopy, beam emission spectroscopy, soft x-ray, and divertor Langmuir probe measurements. Magnetically perturbed discharges with toroidal mode number n = 2 and n = 3 are studied. It is shown that the vacuum model predictions agree well with the measurements above and below the midplane, and disagree at the outer midplane in discharges where significant kink amplification is present. The role of the plasma response is studied using the two-fluid MHD code M3D-C1, and the results are compared to the vacuum model showing that the plasma response model underestimates the boundary displacements.
TU‐C‐141‐05: A Variable‐Kernel Smoothing Technique for Improved Convergence During CT‐Cone Beam CT Deformable Image Registration

Purpose: To develop a fast and accurate technique for deformable image registration (DIR) of cone beam CT (CBCT) and CT images for use in online adaptive radiotherapy (ART). Methods: A novel technique for smoothing a deformation field in which the size of the Gaussian kernel is adaptively varied based on the rate of convergence is proposed and implemented for DIR based on the demons algorithm. The planning CT and daily CBCT acquired for 6 prostate cancer patients were registered using the newly developed technique. Histogram matching was used to compensate for intensity differences between the two modalities. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and volume overlap index (VOI) were used to quantify registration accuracy. Results: The iterative decrease of the smoothing kernel size allowed the algorithm to converge to an increasingly accurate solution, beyond the asymptotic limit for a constant kernel size. The mean VOI was calculated for bladder, prostate, and rectum with values of 91.9%, 68.7%, and 78.2%, respectively. The correlation coefficient was calculated for every fraction in the overlapping CT and CBCT scan volumes in each patient data set. Average PCC values were 0.9987, 0.9985, 0.9982, 0.9980, 0.9985, and 0.9985 for the six patients. A typical run time for a 512x512x70 image volume was 4.6 minutes. Conclusion: The presently developed DIR technique allowed for registration accuracies comparable to intra‐modality methods and validates its use for deformable CT‐CBCT registration. The method eliminates the need for multi‐resolution processing and continual upsampling of the image which can be computationally intensive. The combined speed and accuracy of this technique make it a promising tool for online ART.
Life histories, abundance and distribution of some macroinvertebrates from a South Carolina, USA coastal plain stream

The life histories, densities and distribution patterns of the most abundant macroinvertebrates, exclusive of chironomids and oligochaetes, are reported for a low-gradient, second-order, blackwater stream on the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA. Univoltine life histories were found for all species of Coleoptera (Ancyronyx variegata, Macronychus glabratus, Dubiraphia quadrinotata and Hydroporus clypealis) and most species of Ephemeroptera (Eurylophella temporalis, Paraleptophlebia volitans and Hexagenia munda), although the mayfly Stenonema modestum was at least bivoltine. Both univoltinism (Macrostemum carolina and Pycnopsyche luculenta), partial bivoltinism (Nyctiophylax affinis) and complete bivoltinism (Hydropsyche decalda, Cheumatopsyche sp., Phylocentropus placidus and probably Chimarra florida) were found among the Trichoptera. Odonate species were both univoltine (Calopteryx dimidiata, Enallagma divagans and Epitheca cynosura) and semivoltine (Boyeria vinosa, Gomphus lividus and Macromia georgina). The alderfly Sialis aequalis and the isopod Asellus laticaudatus were univoltine, while the blackfly Simulium taxodium produced at least 6 generations per year. Groups of functionally-related species within the orders Odonata, Trichoptera and Coleoptera each exhibited possible temporal and/or spatial segregation.
1888–1988: Some remarks on nihilism and secularisation

(1989). 1888–1988: Some remarks on nihilism and secularisation. History of European Ideas: Vol. 11, No. 1-6, pp. 979-988.
Spontaneous hyperbetalipoproteinemia in the Rhesus monkey

Abstract Persistent hyperbetalipoproteinemia has been reported in two male Rhesus monkeys. Blood lipid studies suggest that these animals have primary Type II hyperlipoproteinemia.
Occurrence and consequence of superoxide dismutase in milk products : a review.

The biological function of the protein erythrocuprein was discovered by McCord and Fridovich (23) in 1969 while examining the reduction of cytochrome c by xanthine oxidase. McCord and Fridovich (23) suggested the name superoxide disrnutase (SOD) for erythrocuprein, because it catalyzed the enzymic dismutation of superoxide anions (02w). Superoxide dismutase is an enzyme ubiquitous to microbial, plant, and animal systems. Essentially three families of SOD have been observed in various tissues. Animals have two metallo-enzymes that are capable of dismutating 02 ~. The most abundant enzyme is the Cu/Zn enzyme that was isolated first from blood (24). This bluegreen enzyme consists of two similar polypeptides having two atoms each of Zn and Cu (4), and it has a molecular weight of approximately 32,000 (24). Mitochondria and liver contain an Mn-contalning enzyme (31) which comprises approximately 8% of the total animal SOD (24). The pink-colored, Mn enzyme is a tetramer with a molecular weight of 80,000 (31). Bacteria (29, 14) contain an Mn enzyme that is composed of similar subunits but is dimeric and has a molecular weight of 40,000. The third family of SOD enzymes contains one atom of iron per dimer and is yellow in color with a molecular weight of 40,500 (24). Genetic variants of SOD have been observed, but may be a combination of the Fe and Mn containing enzymes (24). Methods for assay of animal SOD have been reviewed recently (24). Distinction of the Mn enzyme from the Cu/Zn enzyme usually involves the use of KCN which poisons the Cu/Zn enzyme but has a negligible affect on the Mn enzyme.
The inconstancy of the human heart.

The improper timing of the human heartbeat can now be connected to the arcana of potassium channel gating. What is more, it turns out that a bizarre kind of ion-channel behaviour is in fact quite conformist.
Atom probe characterization of copper solubility in the Midland weld after neutron irradiation and thermal annealing

Abstract An atom probe field ion microscopy characterization has been performed to determine the copper matrix concentration in a submerged arc beltline weld of the Midland Unit 1 pressurized water reactor after four conditions: unirradiated, unirradiated and annealed for 168 h at 454°C, neutron-irradiated in a test reactor to a fluence of 1.1×1023 n m−2 (E>1 MeV) at a temperature of 288°C, and neutron-irradiated and annealed for 168 h at 454°C. Atom probe analysis of the unirradiated material revealed a substantial depletion of the copper in the matrix to 0.119±0.007 at.% Cu from the bulk value of between 0.18 and 0.28 at.% Cu. Annealing the unirradiated material produced intragranular copper-enriched precipitates and reduced the matrix copper level by ∼25% to 0.088±0.012 at.% Cu. Neutron irradiation also produced copper-enriched precipitates and reduced the matrix copper level by almost 50% over the stress relieved material to 0.058±0.008 at.% Cu. Annealing the neutron-irradiated material reduced the matrix copper level further to 0.050±0.010 at.% Cu. These results indicate that the annealing treatment coarsens the copper-enriched precipitates produced during neutron irradiation with a slight decrease in the matrix copper content.
Arginine vasopressin significantly increases the rate of successful organ procurement in potential donors.

Abstract Background Hormone replacement therapy increases the number and quality of grafts recovered from brain-dead organ donors. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has also been shown to have beneficial effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of AVP on recovery rates. Methods The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database was used. Donors treated with hormone replacement therapy and vasopressor agents who were successfully procured between January 1, 2009, and June 30, 2011, were studied. AVP-positive and AVP-negative donors were compared. The primary study end point was the rate of high-yield procurement (≥4 organs). Results A total of 10,431 donors were included. AVP was infused in 7,873 (75.5%) and was associated with an increased rate of high-yield procurement (50.5% vs 35.6%, P P Conclusions The use of AVP with hormone replacement therapy is independently associated with an increased rate of organ recovery. This strategy should be universally adopted in the management of donors progressing to neurologic death.
Origin of Enantioselectivity in CF3−PIP-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Benzylic Alcohols

Computational studies provide support for the involvement of intermolecular π-interactions in the chiral recognition of secondary benzylic alcohols by the enantioselective acyl transfer catalyst CF3−PIP.
Damping and Vibration Control via Nanoscale Technologies for Defense Oriented Applications

This paper discusses the potential of nanoscale technologies with particular attention devoted to applications in the defense area. Innovative techniques for structural damping and vibration control are of much interest to the Structures and Dynamics Program at the United States Army Research Office (ARO). Since nanotechnology is a new and different way of thinking about the creation of devices and systems, it holds much promise for such applications. Nanotechnology can be gainfully employed to create and utilize materials, devices, and systems through the control of matter on the nanometer-length scale, i.e., to engineer matter at the level of atoms and molecules, leading to the generation of larger structures having fundamentally new molecular organizations exhibiting novel physical, chemical, and biological properties and phenomena. In addition to describing an overview of nanotechnology and its relevance to the defense needs, the paper describes a few of the currently ongoing projects under the ARO sponsorship.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Cavity formation energy in hard sphere fluids: An asymptotically correct expression

Exact geometrical relations valid for hard sphere (HS) fluids are used to derive analytical expressions for the cavity formation energy equal to the free energy cost of insertion of a HS solute into a HS solvent and the contact value of the solute-solvent pair distribution function (PDF) in the limit of the infinite solute dilution. In contrast to existing relations from the Boublik–Mansoori–Carnahan–Starling–Leland (BMCSL) equation of state, the derived expressions are self-consistent and result in correct asymptotics when the solute size goes to infinity. The proposed equations are tested against Monte Carlo simulations at diameter ratios d in the range 1⩽d⩽3.5 and three reduced densities 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9. The BMCSL theory is shown to systematically underestimate contact PDF values as compared to simulations both for finite solute concentrations and in the infinite dilution limit calculated by extrapolation of the results obtained at several concentrations. These infinite-dilution values of the solute-...
On the Maximum Ratio: A Tool for Assisting Inaccuracy Assessment

Abstract A simple tool, called the maximum ratio, is suggested that serves as a measure of closeness among comparable estimates and as the basis of a test for determining that at least one of the estimates under comparison will be more than 100α% of the target parameter away from the target parameter being estimated where 0 < α < 1.
Forage Yield and Nutritive Value of Hard Red and Hard White Winter Wheat

Six hard red ('2137', 'Jagalene', 'Jagger', 'OK101', 'Stanton', and 'Thunderbolt') and six hard white ('Burchett', 'Lakin', 'NuFrontier', 'NuHills', 'NuHorizon', and 'Trego') winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were evaluated for forage yield and nutritive value. Forage samples were collected in December, March, and May. Red cultivars averaged greater total season forage yield in one growing season, but yield differences among cultivars within a color group were greater than differences between color groups, indicating that color did not affect yield as much as cultivar. Total growing season forage yield was greatest among red cultivars 2137, Jagalene, Stanton, and Thunderbolt and white cultivar Trego. Color had no effect on forage nutritive value. Crude protein averaged 230 g kg -1 in December, 240 g kg -1 in March, and 140 g kg -1 in May. Acid detergent fiber averaged 190 g kg -1 in December, 240 g kg - in March, and 320 g kg -1 in May. Neutral detergent fiber averaged 430 g kg -1 in December, 410 g kg -1 in March, and 550 g kg -1 in May. Total digestible nutrients averaged 790 g kg -1 in December, 740 g kg -1 in March, and 670 g kg -1 in May. Nitrate-nitrogen averaged 247 mg kg -1 in December, 550 mg kg -1 in March, and 1366 mg kg -1 in May. Both red and white wheat cultivars can be used in a dual-purpose system with no adverse affects on forage yield or nutritive value. Producers should select cultivars adapted to their grazing system and environment.
Strain localization in single crystals of copper cycled in 0.1 M perchloric acid solution under potential control

Abstract Single crystals of copper were cycled in a 0.1 M perchloric acid solution under different polarization potentials. The potential dependence of cyclic hardening, the saturation stress and persistent slip band (PSB) behavior have been studied. No significant effect of the aqueous environment was observed on the cyclic hardening rate and the saturation stress. However, anodic potentials producing copper dissolution (and no oxide films) caused substantial enhancement of the PSB behavior and strain localization. Preferential dissolution has been demonstrated as the major cause of the strain localization at the PSB's. Cathodic potentials show no noticeable effect on the PSB behavior because of the absence of the preferential dissolution.
CARDIOVASCULAR SCREENING IN NCAA ATHLETES: FINDINGS FROM A MULTICENTER ECG-INCLUSIVE PROGRAM

Background The optimal pre-participation screening strategy in competitive athletes is debated. Objective To evaluate the accuracy of cardiovascular screening in NCAA athletes using a standardized history, physical exam (PE), and electrocardiogram (ECG). Design Prospective multi-center trial. Setting Competitive US collegiate athletes from 17 schools. Participants 3 284 athletes (56% male; 73% Caucasian; 15% African-American; mean age 19.8 years) from 17 sports were screened from July 2012 to October 2013. Assessment of risk factors Screening included a standardized history and PE based on recommendations from the American Heart Association (AHA), and a resting 12-lead ECG interpreted using 2013 international consensus standards (Seattle Criteria). Main outcome measurements Abnormalities detected by history, PE, and ECG. Results 1 022 (31.1%) athletes had >1 positive history response with SOB (11.6%%), syncope/near-syncope (11.0%), and exertional chest pain (6.5%) most common. PE was abnormal in 72 (2.2%) athletes. Overall, 123 (3.7%) ECGs were classified as abnormal (67.5% male, 32.5% female). The rate of abnormal ECGs was higher in men compared to women (4.5% vs 2.6%), African-Americans compared to Caucasians (5.3% vs. 3.6%), and most common in basketball players. A total of 133 ECG abnormalities were detected, including Q waves 36.8%, T wave inversion 22.6%, left axis deviation 9.8%, ST depression 7.5%, ventricular pre-excitation 6.8%, PVCs 5.3%, left atrial enlargement 4.5%, right ventricular hypertrophy 3.0%, prolonged QRS 2.3%, and prolonged QTc 1.5%. Eleven (0.3%) potentially lethal cardiac disorders were discovered. All 11 had abnormal ECGs, and only 2 cases had abnormal history or PE. Conclusions The current AHA strategy for pre-participation screening generates a high number of false-positive responses in college athletes. ECG screening using modern standards for interpretation provides a low and acceptable rate of abnormal findings and greatly increases the identification of serious cardiac disorders in US collegiate athletes.