cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mixed-mode subcritical crack growth in orthotropic polymers

A semi-empirical model of mixed-mode sub-critical crack propagation is presented for orthotropic polymers subjected to continuous loading. The model considers a combination of opening and shearing propagation modes. Optical measurement of crack propagation in an orthotropic liquid crystalline polymer film for orientation angles, which define the orientation of the loading to the extrusion direction, of 45 and 90° provides the empirical constants required by the model. The model is validated by comparison of predicted and measured crack propagation at 30, 60, and 75°. The impact of orientation angle on crack propagation is significant. A critical angle is identified at which the crack propagation rates for the opening and shearing modes are equivalent. For orientation angles less than the critical angle the crack growth is dominated by the shearing mode. For orientation angles greater than the critical angle, the crack growth is dominated by the opening mode. For the liquid crystalline polymer film tested, the critical angle is 52.6°. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Design, Operation, and Calibration of a Shipboard Fast-Rotating Shadowband Spectral Radiometer

This paper describes the design, calibration, and deployment of a fast-rotating shadowband radiometer (FRSR) that accurately decomposes downward shortwave (solar) irradiance into direct-beam and diffuse components from a moving platform, such as a ship on the ocean. The FRSR has seven channels, one broad-band silicone detector, and six 10-nm-wide channels at 415, 500, 610, 660, 860, and 940 nm. The shadowband technique produces estimates of the direct-beam normal irradiance, the diffuse irradiance (sky component), and the total irradiance. The direct-beam normal irradiances produce time series of aerosol optical thickness. A proven ability to derive meaningful at-sea estimates of aerosol optical depth from an economical, automated, and reliable instrument opens the way to a distributed network of such measurements from volunteer observing ships in all areas of the World Ocean. The processing algorithms are key to the instrument’s ability to derive direct-normal beam irradiance without gimbals and a gyro-stabilized table. At-sea Langley plots were produced during the Aerosols99 cruise of the R/V Ronald H. Brownfrom Norfolk, Virginia, to Cape Town, South Africa. A Langley calibration of the instrument at the Mauna Loa Observatory confirmed prior calibrations and demonstrated that the calibration was stable over the duration of the cruise. The standard deviation in all plots was of the order 2% for all channels.
Center of excellence for mobile sensor data-to-knowledge (MD2K)

Mobile sensor data-to-knowledge (MD2K) was chosen as one of 11 Big Data Centers of Excellence by the National Institutes of Health, as part of its Big Data-to-Knowledge initiative. MD2K is developing innovative tools to streamline the collection, integration, management, visualization, analysis, and interpretation of health data generated by mobile and wearable sensors. The goal of the big data solutions being developed by MD2K is to reliably quantify physical, biological, behavioral, social, and environmental factors that contribute to health and disease risk. The research conducted by MD2K is targeted at improving health through early detection of adverse health events and by facilitating prevention. MD2K will make its tools, software, and training materials widely available and will also organize workshops and seminars to encourage their use by researchers and clinicians.
Emergence of Specialization in a Swarm of Robots

We investigate the emergence of specialized groups in a swarm of robots, using a simplified version of the stick-pulling problem [5], where the basic task requires the collaboration of two robots in asymmetric roles. We expand our analytical model [4] and identify conditions for optimal performance for a swarm with any number of species. We then implement a distributed adaptation algorithm based on autonomous performance evaluation and parameter adjustment of individual agents. While this algorithm reliably reaches optimal performance, it leads to unbounded parameter distributions. Results are improved by the introduction of a direct parameter exchange mechanism between selected high- and low-performing agents. The emerging parameter distributions are bounded and fluctuate between tight unimodal and bimodal profiles. Both the unbounded optimal and the bounded bimodal distributions represent partitions of the swarm into two specialized groups.
Sport Script: A New Language for the Kinesiologist

(1968). Sport Script: A New Language for the Kinesiologist. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 83-86.
The impact of low-volume uterine lavage on endometrial biopsy classification

In the mare, the low-volume uterine lavage technique allows for bacterial sampling of the entire uterine lumen and is usually performed after obtaining the traditional double-guarded endometrial swab for aerobic culture and cytology and before procurement of an endometrial biopsy sample during a breeding soundness examination. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential effects of the low-volume lavage on the endometrial biopsy classification and polymorphonuclear cell (PMNs) infiltration in the context of a breeding soundness examination. Fourteen light horse mares of mixed breed, age 7 to 21 years, with known reproductive history, were included in the study, matched by age and reproductive history, and then divided into treatment and control groups. Transrectal palpation and ultrasonography, endometrial swabbing, and the first endometrial biopsy were performed in all mares. Low-volume uterine lavage was performed in the treatment group but not the control group. After either the lavage or a 15-minute rest, a second endometrial biopsy was obtained from both the control and treatment groups. Endometrial swabs and effluent from the low-volume lavages were submitted for aerobic culture and sensitivity. Biopsy samples were fixed in Bouin's solution for 24 hours, processed, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and then viewed under bright light microscopy. Additional staining with anti-neutrophil elastase antibody (ab68672) was performed for indirect immunohistochemistry. All samples were interpreted by a blinded observer. When the first (pre-uterine lavage) and second (post-uterine lavage) biopsies were compared using a mixed-effects logistic regression, there was no difference in endometrial biopsy classification (P = 0.74), presence of PMNs in blood vessels (P = 0.728), or infiltration of PMNs in the tissue (P = 0.934) between the treatment and control groups. In this study, the low-volume uterine lavage did not affect the endometrial biopsy classification.
Active Control of Combustion Oscillations by Non-Coherent Fuel Flow Modulation

This paper describes the application of active, open loop, control in effective damping of severe (i.e., peak to peak pressure amplitudes of up to 35 psi relative to a mean combustor pressure of 155 psi) combustion instabilities in a gas turbine combustor simulator. Active control was applied by harmonic modulation of the fuel injection rate into the combustor using a fast response actuating valve. To determine the dependence of the performance of the active control system upon the frequency, the fuel injection modulation frequency was varied between 50 and 500 Hz while the frequency of instability was around 386 Hz. These tests showed that the amplitude of the combustor pressure oscillations varied ten fold over the range of investigated frequencies, indicating that applying the investigated open loop control approach at the appropriate frequency could effectively damp detrimental combustion instabilities. When the same active control system was operated in closed loop with an optimized control signal phase at the frequency of instability, the amplitude of the unstable oscillations was reduced by a factor of two, thus causing the combustor to operate with lower amplitude instability.
Understanding Transportation Accessibility of Metropolitan Chicago Through Interactive Visualization

Accessibility is an important element in urban transportation planning. Accessibility measures combine mobility and land use measures to provide a more complete picture of the transportation-land use nexus than either of these measures alone. By providing insights into the varying degrees to which different areas of a region are connected to opportunities by the transportation system, accessibility analysis helps urban planners to understand the relationship between transportation and land use, and provides reference for them to improve the equality of the residents. Calculating accurate accessibility values and visualizing them in an efficient way is a complex and challenging process. In this paper, we present a web-based system that visualizes multimodal accessibility to multiple land uses of Chicago metropolitan area, as the first step of an effort to build an integrated platform for accessibility analysis tasks. We also discuss some use cases of this system, and show its effectiveness by providing experts feedback of this prototype.
Enhanced model for laser localization system

A novel method for localizing a mobile platform within a region of interest was previously conceived and modeled. The system relies on data received at the platform from two independent rotating laser beacons that encode their current rotational angle within the light beam. Using that data and trigonometric calculations, the location and orientation of the mobile platform can be derived in real time. Information gleaned from the previous model led to the desire to enhance the model before realizing the system in hardware. Certain parameter variations are of interest, but the original models simulation time is prohibitive to performing useful dynamic parametric analysis, as it take over twelve hours to produce a set of data. An enhanced approach using Hough transforms and predictive calculations has been created and is presented here. The enhanced model calculates the same data sets in under 15 seconds, greatly improving the ability to use it for parametric analysis. Preliminary results from the model are presented.
NanoThermoMechanical memory: Near-field heat transfer enabled negative differential thermal resistance and thermal latching

The three-dimensional design and modeling of a near-field NanoThermoMechanical memory is presented. Contrary to electronic memories, a NanoThermoMechanical memory utilizes heat solely to record, store, and recover data. Therefore it is immune to high temperature, intensive electric and magnetic fields, and can be powered with waste heat. Memory function of the NanoThermoMechanical memory is achieved through the existence of a bistable thermal system (i.e., has two stable equilibrium states under the same boundary conditions). The bistable thermal system occurs as a result of conjugate effects between a nonlinear heat input (resulting from negative differential thermal resistance) and heat losses from the NanoThermoMechanical memory device. Negative differential thermal resistance is specifically achieved through coupling between near-field thermal radiation and thermal expansion of the microbeam which the NanoThermoMechanical memory is made out of. Steady state analysis shows two stable states at the low and high temperatures of 1080 K and 1297 K, respectively, corresponding to the two memory states of ZERO and ONE. Complete read write cycle of the NanoThermoMechanical memory is also demonstrated using dynamic analysis. Using standard MEMS microfabrication techniques, the fabrication of the proposed NanoThermoMechanical memory devices can be easily accomplished.
Fungal Genomics: Sequencing and Annotation

Abstract Plants grow in close associations with fungi—pathogens, symbionts, and endophytes—and depend on these associations for success. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of these interactions is important in order to create optimal conditions for plant growth. Genomics is a powerful tool not only to discover the potential encoded in genomes of both plants and plant-associated fungi but also to monitor dynamics of their interactions through gene expression and other genome-enabled analyses. Next-generation sequencing technologies offer tools to explore nature's wide array of plant–fungal interactions in unprecedented depth, and the sheer volume of data produced is enormous. Several approaches to assemble, annotate, and analyse this wealth of genomics data are discussed in this chapter.
More push than pull

Meeting the demands of the market is usually vital to any new business. But as Jesko von Windheim explains, tech-based firms have it much harder as there might not yet be a market pull for the technology they are trying to push.
Technology Platforms for Public Diplomacy: Affordances for Education

International education represents a crucial dimension of public diplomacy, a tool for governments to facilitate understanding across cultural and political boundaries. This chapter explores the issues at stake in educational diplomacy that leverages digital engagement technologies, and how these may challenge traditional thinking on the broader subject of public diplomacy, as both a field of practice and research. The chapter considers how the intersection of technology and educational diplomacy yields implications for conceptualization and practice in public diplomacy in the context of an online language instruction effort conducted by the United States. This chapter draws on insights from media studies, through the concept of “affordance,” as a means to understand how technology influences the development of public diplomacy programs and their relationship to foreign policy objectives.
Emerging Evidence for a Direct Link between EAAT-Associated Anion Channels and Neurological Disorders.

Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are membrane proteins that control excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain ([Bergles et al., 1999][1]; [Danbolt, 2001][2]; [Robinson and Jackson, 2016][3]). As classical secondary active transporters, which use the energy stored within ion gradients
Classical, quantum, and thermodynamics of a lattice model exhibiting structural negative thermal expansion

We consider in detail a simple model supporting a single floppy mode that is often used to heuristically describe instances of negative thermal expansion. A key result is that the translational kinetic energy of the dilating bond network scales extensively with system size and results in dynamical properties which differ qualitatively from considerations built upon harmonic models. We develop an analogy between the dynamics of this model and a modified mechanical pendulum to elucidate the connection between the new results and the familiar harmonic limit. We then propose an appropriate Schr\"odinger equation for this system and study numerically the quantum mechanical solutions. Marked differences from conventional phonon dynamics and thermodynamics are seen in both classical and quantum limits, in particular a strong twofold enhancement of the (negative) coefficient of thermal expansion. We contextualize the results against real material parameters and discuss related empirical observations.
I Am Joe's Fridge: Scalable Identity in the Internet of Things

Most visions of the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) distribute massive numbers of devices throughout physical infrastructure. In most visions, these devices need to talk to each other. For this to work, the devices need to be able to authenticate each other. Presenting design issues and empirical results, this paper explores the cryptographic infrastructure necessary to capture this identity ontology.
Evaluation of a Thyroid Nodule

Thyroid nodules are a common finding in the general population. The reported prevalence of nodules varies based on the epidemiologic methods for evaluation. The ranges for the prevalence are reported to be 2–6% with palpation, 19–35% with ultrasound, and 8–65% in autopsy data (Dean and Gharib, Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 22:901–911, 2008). Although there is no known environmental risk factor for the development of thyroid nodules, there has been a notable increase in the incidence of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in the United States over the previous three decades. This observation is explained by two known processes. First, the incidence of nodules increases with age. Second, the median age of the population in the United States has been increasing over the previous decades. Additionally, nodules are being identified more commonly on imaging studies performed for other reasons, as the sensitivity of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) has increased and their use has increased with more accessibility in developed countries.
Insights from a New High-Resolution Drought Atlas for the Caribbean Spanning 1950–2016

AbstractClimate change is expected to increase the severity and frequency of drought in the Caribbean. Understanding drought variability and its trends is therefore critical for improving resiliency and adaptation capacity of this region, as well as for assessing the dynamics and predictability of regional hydroclimate across spatial and temporal scales. This work introduces a first of-its-kind high-resolution drought dataset for the Caribbean from 1950 to 2016, using monthly estimates of the “self-calibrating” Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI), with the physically based Penman-Monteith approximation for the potential evapotranspiration. Statistically downscaled data products, including reanalysis, are employed to establish an historical baseline for characterizing drought from 1950 to the near present. Since 1950, the Caribbean was affected by severe droughts in 1974–1977, 1997–1998, 2009–2010, and 2013–2016. Results indicate that the 2013–2016 drought is the most severe event during the time interv...
Six-Membered Ring Systems: Diazines and Benzo Derivatives

Abstract Found in natural products, and frequently used as flavoring agents or as building blocks for pharmaceuticals, diazines and their benzo derivatives possess a diverse set of properties, allowing a broad range of applications, spanning from medicinal chemistry to electrochemistry. New diazine-based natural products continue to be isolated and studied. In addition, new syntheses, reactions, and applications of diazine-based compounds are reported every year. Recent advances in the development of new preparations, reactions, and applications of diazines and their benzo derivatives as well as the discovery of new diazine-based natural products, published in the literature in 2014, are discussed in this review.
Sir Thomas and Lady Roddick, Their Gates and Clock Tower

This is the narrative of how a determined and resourceful McGill alumni restored the clock tower in the iconic Roddick Gates that span the entrance to the main campus of McGill University.
Teledermatology: from historical perspective to emerging techniques of the modern era: part I: History, rationale, and current practice.

Telemedicine is the use of telecommunications technology to support health care at a distance. Technological advances have progressively increased the ability of clinicians to care for diverse patient populations in need of skin expertise. Dermatology relies on visual cues that are easily captured by imaging technologies, making it ideally suited for this care model. Moreover, there is a shortage of medical dermatologists in the United States, where skin disorders account for 1 in 8 primary care visits and specialists tend to congregate in urban areas. Even in regions where dermatologic expertise is readily accessible, teledermatology may serve as an alternative that streamlines health care delivery by triaging chief complaints and reducing unnecessary in-person visits. In addition, many patients in the developing world have no access to dermatologic expertise, rendering it possible for teledermatologists to make a significant contribution to patient health outcomes. Teledermatology also affords educational benefits to primary care providers and dermatologists, and enables patients to play a more active role in the health care process by promoting direct communication with dermatologists.
Expression of CCR5 and its ligand CCL5 in pancreatic cancer

Despite recent advancements in understanding of pancreatic cancer (PC) molecular features and their impact on clinical behavior, PC systemic therapy decision-making is still guided by a constellation of clinico-pathological features, which are derived from histo-pathological analysis of primary PC tissues. Chemokines and their corresponding receptors play a crucial role in metastasis and organ specific homing of cancer cells in different cancers including PC. CCL5 is a homeostatic chemokine acts through its cognate receptor, CCR5. Here, we have provided the evidence that CCR5 and CCL5 are significantly elevated in both PC cell lines (BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2 and AsPC-1) and clinical samples. Flow cytometric analysis of PC cell lines (BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2 and AsPC-1) show significantly higher expression of CCR5. These findings were further confirmed at mRNA expression level by real-time PCR analysis. To determine the clinical significance of CCR5 expressed by PC cell lines, pancreatic cancer tissue microarray was stained for CCR5 and CCL5. Aperio scan scope scanning system was used to numerically analyze immuno-histochemical staining of CCR5 and CCL5. Our results show significantly ( p
Effect of dietary supplementation of Lactobacilli and Streptococci cultures on the performance of broiler chickens

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of lactic acid cultures (5×1010 cfu of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus per gram) on growth parameters of Lohmann Indian River broiler chicks. Fifty-two unsexed day-old chicks were randomly divided into two groups. Each group was subdivided into two replicates and housed in 108×108 cm pens and reared with a deep litter system. The birds were fed with commercial broiler starter ration for the first 21 days and from 22 to 40 days, they were randomly allocated to one of the two dietary treatments: broiler finisher (control) or broiler finisher supplemented with 1% lactic acid cultures (experimental diet). The study showed that treatment effects on feed intake, live-weight, dressing percentage and weight of the internal organs of broilers were not significant (P>0.05). Total feed intake was 3 786.3 g on control diet and 3 785.3 g on experimental diet. The values for the respective growth parameters on control diet were: live-weight, 2 562.5 g; live-weight gain, 85.1 g/d and relative growth rate, 83.1 g kg-1 d-1. The values for the respective growth parameters on experimental diet were: live-weight, 2 371.4 g; live-weight gain, 77.4 g/d and relative growth rate, 82.0 g kg-1 d-1. Dressed weight (1 828.6 g) was higher (P<0.05) on control diet. There was no difference in FCR. The findings could be due to combined effects of insufficient bacterial count, and genotype and growth stage of broilers.
Mycotoxin risks under a climate change scenario in Europe

Abstract As determined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, warming of the climate system is unequivocal and has been associated with rising sea levels, diminished amounts of ice and snow and increasing oceanic and atmospheric temperatures. Such climate changes have a significant impact on stages and rates of toxigenic fungi development and can modify host-resistance and host-pathogen interactions, influencing deeply also the conditions for mycotoxin production that vary for each individual pathogen. Moreover, the new combinations mycotoxins/host plants/geographical areas are arising to the attention of the scientific community and require new diagnostic tools and deeper knowledge of both biology and genetics of toxigenic fungi. In this review, it is underlined that an extension of the aflatoxin contamination risk in maize in South and Central-Europe is highly likely in the next 30 years, due to favorable climatic conditions to the growth of Aspergillus flavus. Moreover, the mycotoxigenic Fusarium species profile on wheat in Europe is in continuous change in Northern, Central and Southern-Europe with, in particular, a worrisome growing contamination of F. graminearum in the Central and Northern Europe.
Treatment challenges in an atypical presentation of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU).

Abstract Purpose To describe an atypical presentation of Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis (TINU), with challenges in treatment course. Observations A 12-year-old Hispanic female presented to the National Eye Institute's Uveitis clinic with bilateral blurred vision, red eyes and photophobia, not responsive to topical steroids. On exam, she had bilateral severe panuveitis with areas of subretinal fluid. During her evaluation, she was noted to have elevated serum creatinine. A kidney biopsy confirmed the presence of severe tubulointerstitial nephritis and interstitial fibrosis. She was treated with oral steroids with excellent resolution of symptoms and subretinal fluid. She continued to have anterior segment flares with attempts to taper oral prednisone which lead to treatment with multiple immunomodulatory agents. Associated hypertension and kidney damage complicated the choice of a secondary immunosuppressive agent. Conclusions and Importance Although rare, TINU can present as panuveitis with choroidal involvement which may or may not be preceded by tubulointerstitial nephritis. A renal biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis, but abnormal urinalysis or renal function should raise suspicion for TINU.
Nanoscale Control of Oxygen Defects and Metal–Insulator Transition in Epitaxial Vanadium Dioxides

Strongly correlated vanadium dioxide (VO2) is one of the most promising materials that exhibits a temperature-driven, metal–insulator transition (MIT) near room temperature. The ability to manipulate the MIT at nanoscale offers both insight into understanding the energetics of phase transition and a promising potential for nanoelectronic devices. In this work, we study nanoscale electrochemical modifications of the MIT in epitaxial VO2 thin films using a combined approach with scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and theoretical calculations. We find that applying electric voltages of different polarity through an SPM tip locally changes the contact potential difference and conductivity on the surface of VO2 by modulating the oxygen stoichiometry. We observed nearly 2 orders of magnitude change in resistance between positive and negative biased-tip written areas of the film, demonstrating the electric field modulated MIT behavior at the nanoscale. Density functional theory calculations, benchmarked against mor...
The utility of FDG PET-CT for the diagnosis of occult malignancy in patients with acute, unprovoked venous thromboembolism

1922 Objectives Approximately 7-10% of patients with unprovoked (idiopathic) venous thromboembolism (VTE) will receive a new cancer diagnosis within 1 year. However, it is not standard of care to perform extensive radiographic screening to identify occult malignancy in these patients. FDG PET-CT has been repeatedly shown to be superior to conventional imaging modalities in detecting underlying cancer. The objective of this project was to evaluate the utility of FDG PET-CT to diagnose occult malignancy in patients with acute, idiopathic VTE. Methods FDG PET-CT was performed on 43 adult patients with no previous history of VTE within one month following the diagnosis of rigorously screened unprovoked VTE. Patients were followed for a minimum of 6 months for development of cancer. Medicare costs of FDG PET-CT and subsequent evaluation of incidental findings identified on PET-CT were documented. Results FDG PET-CT imaging demonstrated abnormal findings suspicious for malignancy and requiring additional diagnostic evaluation in 62.5% of patients. However, malignancy (stage IV pancreatic cancer) was ultimately diagnosed in only one patient and was evident on CT imaging. The use of FDG PET/CT and subsequent evaluation was estimated at $1,478 per patient. Conclusions The use of FDG-PET/CT in patients with acute, unprovoked VTE was feasible but resulted in many incidental findings, requiring additional costly and/or invasive testing, and did not increase the diagnosis of occult malignancy. Research Support NIH/NCI R01CA121003-01A
Topics in Pure Set Theory

In this chapter, we take a look at a number of topics in pure set theory. Some of the proofs are fairly complex, and at first reading, can be glossed over, or even ignored, without affecting the ability to follow the remainder of the book. The various sections in the chapter are all largely independent of each other.
A Review of PHM Data Competitions from 2008 to 2017: Methodologies and Analytics

Recently, the data driven approaches are winning popularity in Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) community due to its great scalability, reconfigurability and the reduced development cost. As the data-driven approaches flourished, the data competitions hosted by the PHM society over the last ten years contribute a valuable repository of public resources for benchmarks and improvements. To better define the directions for future development, this paper reviews the cutting-edge PHM methodologies and analytics based on the data competitions over the last decade. In this review, the goal of PHM and the major research tasks are stated and depicted, then the methodologies and analytics for the PHM practices are summarized in terms of failure detection, diagnosis, assessment and prediction, and the applications of PHM in various industrial sectors are highlighted as well. The data competitions in the last ten years are utilized as examples and case studies to support the ideas presented in this paper. Based on all the discussions and reviews, the current challenges and future opportunities are pointed out, and a conclusion remark is given at the end of the paper to summarize the current achievements and to foresee the future trends.
Trajectories of Symptom Change in the Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study.

Objective Depression is the most prominent mental health disorder among youth and has a profound impact with respect to morbidity and mortality if not addressed. The Treatment for Adolescent Depression Study (TADS) is one of the largest randomized controlled trials that compared the effectiveness of four treatments: cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT); fluoxetine (FLX); combined cognitive-behavioral and fluoxetine treatment (COMB); and placebo (PBO). However, meaningful heterogeneous treatment courses are masked by these group mean comparisons of treatment impact. The present study sought to characterize the acute phase symptom trajectories of the depressed teens enrolled in TADS and to explore predictors of these trajectories, including TADS treatment condition. Method The TADS sample of 439 adolescent participants diagnosed with major depressive disorder was subjected to growth mixture modeling (GMM) to evaluate subgroups of adolescents with unique trajectories of depression symptom change. Results Growth mixture modeling revealed three unique classes of adolescents: (1) a high-severity class with early significant improvement; (2) a high-severity class with limited symptom change; and (3) a moderate severity class with late significant improvement. Baseline predictors of class membership included treatment condition, sex, age, stage of change, depression severity, number of comorbid disorders, hopelessness, melancholia, suicidality, and cognitive distortions. Conclusion Results of this study may have implications for the selection of which treatment to use for which depressed adolescent. Clinical trial registration information Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS); https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ; NCT00006286 .
An Online Approach to Active Set Invariance

This paper presents an online approach to safety critical control. The common approach for enforcing safety of a system requires the offline computation of a viable set, which is either hard and time consuming or very restrictive in terms of operational freedom for the system. The first part of this work shows how one can constrain a system to stay within reach of an appropriately chosen backup set in a minimally invasive way by performing online sensitivity analysis around a backup trajectory. For linear systems, we show how to use an optimal backup strategy in the form of a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) to maximize the operational freedom of the system. The second part of this work shows how to leverage this capability and factor in state constraints to enforce set invariance only based on online computations of sensitivities. For linear systems, the optimal strategy is again considered and we show how one can perform the sensitivity analysis based on a measure of feasibility of a state constrained MPC. This approach is illustrated in simulation on a linear inverted pendulum.
The Viscoelastic-Plastic Behavior of a Ductile Polymer

A brief discussion of the use of polymers in general and polycarbonate in particular in experimental mechanics is presented both from the viewpoint of materials for use in photomechanics and as materials for use in the validation of continuum constitutive equations. Experimental data are presented showing polycarbonate to be a ductile material with elastic, viscoelastic, and plastic behavior regimes. Using constant-head-rate tests (0.002 in./min to 20 in./min), the rate-dependent yield behavior of polycarbonate is described and is compared with that proposed for metals by Ludwik. By means of creep tests, the time-dependent yield behavior of polycarbonate is also described and compared with viscoelastic-plastic theories of Nagdi and Murch and of Crochet. Finally, possible application of the results to photoplasticity and ductile fracture are discussed.
Five Years of Graduate CS Education Online and at Scale

In 2014, Georgia Tech launched an online campus for its Master of Science in Computer Science program. The degree, equal in stature and accreditation to its on-campus counterpart, offered a notably lower cost of attendance. Its design emphasized flexibility in both geography and time, allowing students from around the world to earn a highly-ranked MSCS without taking time off work or moving to campus. Five years later, the program enrolls over 8000 students per semester and has graduated 1500 alumni. It is believed to be the largest program of its kind and has received recognition from national organizations on professional education. Existing research on the pro-gram has focused on challenges and opportunities to scale that are agnostic to the content itself. In this reflection, we look at the creation and growth of the program as it relates to graduate-level CS instruction. In particular, we note a unique and powerful unity of content and platform: the online delivery of the program dovetails with the technical skillsets of the professors and students that it draws, putting both in the position to contribute and innovate.
A Longitudinal Examination of Correlates of Depressive Symptoms Among Inner-City African-American Children and Adolescents

We longitudinally examined across four years the presence and correlates of depressive symptoms in a sample of inner-city African-American children, an ethnic minority population which is understudied regarding child depressive symptoms. Results, based on mother- and child-report, did not indicate gender differences in depressive symptoms at the onset of adolescence. However, depressive symptoms did significantly predict future child adjustment problems. Implications for the understanding and future study of depressive symptoms in ethnic minority youth are discussed.
Experimental constraint on quark electric dipole moments

The electric dipole moments (EDMs) of nucleons are sensitive probes of additional $CP$ violation sources beyond the standard model to account for the baryon number asymmetry of the universe. As a fundamental quantity of the nucleon structure, tensor charge is also a bridge that relates nucleon EDMs to quark EDMs. With a combination of nucleon EDM measurements and tensor charge extractions, we investigate the experimental constraint on quark EDMs, and its sensitivity to $CP$ violation sources from new physics beyond the electroweak scale. We obtain the current limits on quark EDMs as $1.27\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}\text{ }\text{ }e\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{cm}$ for the up quark and $1.17\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}\text{ }\text{ }e\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{cm}$ for the down quark at the scale of $4\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$. We also study the impact of future nucleon EDM and tensor charge measurements, and show that upcoming new experiments will improve the constraint on quark EDMs by about 3 orders of magnitude leading to a much more sensitive probe of new physics models.
P114 Do Parents Promote Healthy Behaviors in Young Children: An Examination of Parenting Practices and Influence of Head Start

Background While parents acknowledge the importance of promoting healthy behaviors among their preschool-aged children (3-5 years), many low-income families lack the knowledge/skills needed to effectively encourage these behaviors. Research is needed to understand the challenges parents face when promoting healthy choices to their children. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore Head Start (HS) parents’ experiences with: promoting positive dietary and physical activity (PA) choices among their preschoolers; and HS-based health-focused resources. Study Design, Settings, and Participants Researchers conducted 13 in-depth, semi-structured telephone interviews. Participants were parents of preschoolers (4-5 years) enrolled in HS. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Phenomenology was used to guide study design and analysis. Researchers identified significant statements through open-coding and grouped them into themes. Themes focused on the “how” and “what” of parents’ experiences with the phenomenon. Results Researchers identified four themes: Social Ecological (SE) Influences; Home-based Strategies for Health Promotion; HS Health Promotion Strategies for Parents; and HS Health Promotion Strategies for Children. Parents’ SE influences (e.g. knowledge, time) affected strategies they used at home, as well as their ability to engage with HS programming. Parents reported HS provided nutrition resources (e.g. classes, handouts) for parents, but parent engagement with these resources was limited. Parents also reported HS implemented strategies at school (e.g. modeling) to promote positive health behaviors among children. These HS-based strategies appeared to positively impact parents’ strategies at home. Conclusion HS parents use a variety of strategies to encourage positive health behaviors among their children and acknowledge the importance of promoting healthy behaviors. HS serves as a resource to parents, however parent engagement with these opportunities was limited potentially due to SE barriers. HS-based health promotion strategies that focused on children's education appeared to be an effective strategy for engaging parents. Funding East Carolina University.
Self-Injurious Behavior

Self-injurious behavior or SIB is a common problem among persons with intellectual disabilities. SIB can cause severe tissue damage and physical injury, interfere with educational and social development, and serve as a stressor for caregivers. As such, a thorough understanding of SIB, including assessment and treatment, is crucial for clinicians who work with individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. This chapter provides a brief overview of how these behaviors are defined, how they are commonly expressed, and why they may emerge. An extensive review of evidence-based intervention then follows, including behavioral and pharmacological strategies. A description of recommendations for future treatment research will be provided.
Microsatellite instability as a tool to diagnose genome instability in CHO cell culture

Abstract As bioprocess intensification has increased over the last 30 years, yields from mammalian cell processes have increased from 10’s of milligrams to over 10’s of grams per liter. Most of these gains in productivity have been due to increasing cell numbers in the bioreactors, and with those increases in cell numbers, strategies have been developed to minimize metabolite waste accumulation, such as lactate and ammonia. Unfortunately, cell growth cannot occur without some waste metabolite accumulation, as central metabolism is required to produce the biopharmaceutical. Inevitably, metabolic waste accumulation leads to decline and termination of the culture. While it is understood that the accumulation of these unwanted compounds imparts a less than optimal culture environment, little is known about the genotoxic properties and the influence of these compounds on global genome instability. In this study, we examined the effects on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells’ genome sequences and physiology due to exposure to elevated ammonia levels. We identified genome-wide de novo mutations, in addition to variants in functional regions of certain genes involved in the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway, such as DNA2, BRCA1 and RAD52, which led to loss-of-function and eventual genome instability. Additionally, we characterized the presence of microsatellites against the most recent Chinese Hamster genome assembly and discovered certain loci are not replicated faithfully in the presence of elevated ammonia, which represents microsatellite instability (MSI). Furthermore, we found 124 candidate loci that may be suitable biomarkers to gauge genome stability in CHO cultures.
Sensitivity of Ambient Atmospheric Formaldehyde to VOC and NOx Emissions: Implications for Predicting Multi-pollutant Benefits of Emission Reductions

This study uses a photochemical Air Quality Model applied across the continental US to identify source categories and chemical species (hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides) that have the largest impact on concentrations of ambient formaldehyde. We contrast the sensitivities of formaldehyde to those of ozone. Although reactions of organic radicals with nitrogen oxide can produce high yields of formaldehyde, the concentrations are more sensitive to hydrocarbons. Biogenic sources of hydrocarbons contribute the most to formaldehyde sensitivity in July, with contributions from isoprene, other alkenes and direct emissions. These results indicate that different strategies may be needed to reduce ambient ozone and formaldehyde concentrations.
Cub Reporters: American Children’s Literature and Journalism in the Gilded Age

Paige Gray’s Cub Reporters: American Children’s Literature and Journalism in the Gilded Age ventures into the academic borderland between children’s literature and journalism history to illustrate ...
Impedance Tuning with Notched Waveforms for Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radar

In a congested radio spectrum, radar systems must be capable of sharing spectrum in real time. Two possible radar transmission approaches involve either avoiding interferers or placing a notch in the sub-bands of interference. Impedance tuning allows the radar transmitter power amplifier to maximize its output power while adjusting its linearity to meet notch and/or out-of-band spectral requirements. In real-time spectrum sharing, the system controller decides whether to provide a waveform that notches around the interference or to avoid the interference altogether. Considerations in this decision include the maximum detection range obtainable from a tuned amplifier versus the finest achievable range resolution, based on transmitted bandwidth. This paper describes a comparison of real-time impedance tuning for notched, random FM waveforms versus a contiguous-band chirp used for avoidance. Comparisons are made between the range (calculated from output power) and the range resolution (calculated from bandwidth) obtained by the optimized circuits in these two cases.
Links between screen use and depressive symptoms in adolescents over 16 years: Is there evidence for increased harm?

Recent scholarship has been divided on whether an observed increase in suicides in the United States among teenagers and preteens (12-18) can be attributed to an increased use in social screen media beginning in 2009. If these concerns are accurate effect sizes for the relationship between screen use and suicide should increase over the 16 years since 2001. The current study used the Florida Youth Risk Behavior Survey data (n = 45,992) from 2001 to 2017, to track effect sizes for screen/depression correlations, controlling for age and gender. A second dataset from the UK Understanding Society dataset (ns for each wave ranged between 3,536 and 4,850) was used to study associations between time spent on social media and emotional problems. Metaregression was be used to examine whether effect sizes increase across time. Results generally did not support the hypothesis that effect sizes between screen and social media use are increasing over time. Aside from the trends over time, for any given year, most effect sizes were below the r = .10 threshold used for interpretation with the exception of computer use which was just at that threshold. It is concluded that screens and social media use are unlikely to bear major responsibility for youth suicide trends. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76S7cxiaU88.
TRPC5-CaV3 complex mediates Leptin-induced excitability in hypothalamic neurons

Leptin regulates hypothalamic POMC+ (pro-opiomelanocortin) neurons by inducing TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential Cation) channel-mediate membrane depolarization. Here we assessed the role of T-type channels on POMC neuron excitability and leptin-induced depolarization in vitro. We demonstrate T-type currents are indispensable for both processes, as treatment with NNC-55-0396 prevented the membrane depolarization and rheobase changes induced by leptin in cultured mouse POMC neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrate TRPC1/C5 channels and CaV3.1 and CaV3.2 channels co-exist in complex. The functional relevance of this complex was corroborated using intracellular Ca2+ chelators; intracellular BAPTA (but not EGTA) application was sufficient to preclude POMC neuron excitability by preventing leptin-induced calcium influx through TRPC channels and T-type channel function. We conclude T-type channels are integral in POMC neuron excitability. Leptin activation of TRPC channels existing in a macromolecular complex with T-type channels recruits the latter by locally-induced membrane depolarization, further depolarizing POMC neurons, triggering action potentials and excitability.