cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-noise near-ballistic BN-graphene-BN heterostructure field-effect transistors for energy efficient electronic applications

Ballistic electron conduction offers a new possible approach to the development of low-power high-speed logic circuits [1-3]. Ultra-high mobility of graphene allows achieving the ballistic or near-ballistic transport regime at room temperature (RT) in devices with relatively long channels [4-5]. In this presentation, we show that heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) with graphene channel encapsulated between two layers of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) combine extremely high electron mobility (∼36,000 cm2/Vs) with a strongly reduced 1/ f noise level (f is the frequency). Low-frequency 1/f noise hampers the operation of numerous devices and can be a major impediment to development of practical low-power low-voltage applications of graphene and other 2D van der Waals materials [6-8]. The low noise level is beneficial for the low-voltage electronic applications. The prototype h-BN-graphene-h-BN HFETs were fabricated using the mechanically exfoliated h-BN and graphene flakes on Si/SiO2 wafers. The viscoelastic materials adhered to glass slides were used as transparent stamps for the layer transfer. The stamps were spin coated with poly-propylene carbonate (PPC). A micromanipulator was used for careful positioning of h-BN flakes on the stamp over graphene flakes. Following this procedure, the h-BN layer was added to the stack resulting in a fully encapsulated graphene monolayer. The stack was then released onto target Si/SiO2 substrate by heating the stage to an appropriate temperature. The resulting heterostructure was etched to expose the edges of graphene and create one-dimensional Cr/Au (10/100 nm) electrical contacts. Figure 1 shows the schematics and an optical microscopy image of a representative device. Figure 2 (a) shows the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the representative HFET. Both the effective and field-effect mobility extractions gave consistent results showing the mobility of ∼36,000 cm2/Vs at the carrier concentration of 7×1011 cm2. Figure 2 (b) presents the normalized 1/f noise spectral density of the graphene encapsulated device. The channel-area normalized noise spectral density in BN-graphene-BN HFET is factor of ×5–×10 smaller than that in typical reference graphene FETs without the channel encapsulation. The observed strong noise reduction can be explained by screening of the traps in SiO 2 by the BN barrier. Other possible physical mechanisms and prospects of further noise suppression will be discussed at the presentation.
The chromatin structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae autonomously replicating sequences changes during the cell division cycle.

Abstract The chromatin structures of two well-characterized autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) elements were examined at their chromosomal sites during the cell division cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The H4 ARS is located near one of the duplicate nonallelic histone H4 genes, while ARS1 is present near the TRP1 gene. Cells blocked in G1 either by alpha-factor arrest or by nitrogen starvation had two DNase I-hypersensitive sites of about equal intensity in the ARS element. This pattern of DNase I-hypersensitive sites was altered in synchronous cultures allowed to proceed into S phase. In addition to a general increase in DNase I sensitivity around the core consensus sequence, the DNase I-hypersensitive site closest to the core consensus became more nuclease sensitive than the distal site. This change in chromatin structure was restricted to the ARS region and depended on replication since cdc7 cells blocked near the time of replication initiation did not undergo the transition. Subsequent release of arrested cdc7 cells restored entry into S phase and was accompanied by the characteristic change in ARS chromatin structure.
The Segregation of Boron and Its Effect on the Fracture of An Ni 3 Si Based Alloy

It is now well established that microalloying additions of B to Ni3Al drastically reduce low temperature grain boundary fracture and consequently increase the ductility of this intermetallic compound. One possible explanation for such effects involves the relationship between boron segregation to grain boundaries and free surfaces, and the resulting effect of such segregation on the cohesive energy of the grain boundaries. This study involves the extension of these concepts to an alloy based on Ni3Si. Auger spectroscopy has been carried out on fractured grain boundaries, grain interiors, and free surfaces to determine how B segregates in Ni3(Si,Ti). The consequences of the segregation of B on the cohesive energy of grain boundaries in Ni3Si based alloys are discussed.
Nancy K. Baym. Personal Connections in the Digital Age. (2015). Malden: Polity Press, 223 pp., $19.95 (paperback).

Nancy K. Baym. (2015). Personal Connections in the Digital Age. Malden, MA: Polity Press, 223 pp., $19.95 (paperback).The author challenges the view of new communication technologies overrunning ou...
Endoglin promotes angiogenesis in cell- and animal-based models of retinal neovascularization.

Purpose. We investigated endoglin expression in hypoxic microvascular endothelial cells and retinal endoglin expression in rats that develop experimental oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). We also tested neutralizing antibodies (Abs) against endoglin (anti-CD105 Ab) and VEGF (anti-VEGF Ab) either alone or in combination for efficacy against serum-induced retinal microvascular endothelial cell proliferation and retinal neovascularization (NV) in OIR rats. To our knowledge, this marks the first time that a biologic agent has been used to target retinal endoglin and modulate retinal neovascularization.
Studies on Histoplasma Capsulatum and Similar form Species—I. Morphology and Development

The identity of the organism which is the etiological agent of the disease in man known as histoplasmosis has long been in question. The disease was originally described by Darling (4, 5, 6) as a result of his studies among the natives of Panama when first he encountered a case characterized clinically by emaciation, splenomegaly, leucopenia, anemia, and irregular pyrexia. Subsequently an autopsy upon the patient revealed that the pathological features were as follows: " The invasion of the endothelial cells
Diagnosis of Transient Ischemic Attack Varies by Neurologist (P01.031)

Objective: The TIA-IS ratio, defined as the proportion of transient ischemic attack (TIA) among all TIA and ischemic stroke (IS) cases, varies between hospitals and between board-certified neurologists. Background The short duration of symptoms and multitude of non-vascular mimics make diagnosis of TIA subjective and challenging. Physician practice may influence whether a patient receives the diagnosis of TIA. Pathophysiology is the same for TIA and IS; therefore, the proportion of TIA versus IS should be the same across demographic and clinical strata and theoretically not vary between physicians. Design/Methods: Cases were identified using primary ICD9 discharge codes at three Montefiore hospitals, including a community hospital without neurology housestaff, from January 2009-June 2011. The TIA-IS ratio was determined for each hospital and for each board-certified neurologist with more than 25 TIA or IS discharges. Each TIA diagnosis was also confirmed by chart review, excluding cases with acute IS on brain imaging, duration >24 hours or a clearly non-vascular syndrome. Mantel-Hantsel chi-square was used for univariate statistical comparison. Results: There were 866 TIA and 2307 IS cases by primary ICD9 code, for an overall TIA-IS ratio of 27.3 %. The ratio was higher for the hospital lacking neurology housestaff (38.8%) versus the two hospitals with housestaff (25.5%, p Conclusions: The TIA-IS ratio differs between hospitals and varies widely among board-certified neurologists, with vascular neurologists less likely to diagnose TIA. The ABCD2 score, assessing symptoms and vascular risk factors, is promoted as a criterion for admission; however, these data suggest that physician training and perspective affect TIA diagnosis and thus assessment of future stroke risk. Disclosure: Dr. Bhupali has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sheikh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Labovitz has nothing to disclose.
A modified Krieg stereotaxic instrument for producing intracranial lesions in the rat.

SummaryCertain modifications in the design of the Krieg stereotaxic instrument are described which have been found to facilitate its use in the production of intracranial lesions in the rat.
Appendicitis—A Computer Study

Pathologists and clerks at St. John's Hospital, Oxnard, California, coded on punch cards results of a study of 1,315 patients with appendicitis. Some observations this approach yielded were: 70 percent of patients were 30 years old or younger; the diagnostic accuracy was 77 percent; 6.4 percent of patients had complications, with older patients having more than their share; and the incidence of appendicitis varied little from season to season.
Design and Optimization of Computerized Monitoring and Control System in Laxiwa Hydropower Station

This paper introduces the structure,configuration and features of computerized monitoring and control system of gigantic hydropower station,emphasises the station level configuration,and expounds the importanel of system reliability and network safefy in the network structure and hardware configuration aspects when conducting the optimized design of computerized monitoring and control system scheme of gigantic hydropower station.
Development in copolymerization of ethylene with polar monomers

Advances in technologies of preparing functional polyethylene by copolymerization of ethylene with polar monomers which was catalyzed by Zeigler-Natta catalysts, metalloeenee catalysts or late-transition metal catalysts were reviewed. The effects of the catalyst types and structures on catalytic activity and the copolymer structure were also reviewed. The study included synthsis of hyperbranched functional polyethylene, copolymerization of ethylene with alcohol or ester monomers, ethylene with norbornene, ethylene with silane monomers, and ethylene with MMA.
Design of Quality and Safety Traceability Aquaculture Management System

According to the quality and safety problems in China's aquatic products,focused on the aquatic products,a multi-data transfer and traceability aquaculture management system based on Web services technology was developed,using RFID technology to ensure the unique identity of the fishes throughout the distribution process.The traceability system based on information seafood fish distribution chain was initially established by the label information entered into the database,to provide an information exchange platform for producers,inspectors,supervisors,and consumers,and achieve the functions of information storage,editing and query in the process of aquatic circulation from a management point of view.
Detection and quantification of 3D hydraulic fractures with vertical borehole induction resistivity measurements

ABSTRACT We have investigated the ability of low-frequency induction resistivity measurements to detect and appraise hydraulic fractures induced near vertical boreholes. Integral-equation-based simulations indicate that coplanar measurements can detect fractures when they are injected with electrically conductive proppant to increase their conductivity contrast with the shale background. Specifically, when a logging tool consisting of one transmitter and two receivers that are 1.2 and 1.5 m away is used to detect fractures with the effective electrical conductivity of 100 S/m in a homogeneous shale formation of 1/3 S/m conductivity, the measurements (1) can indicate the boundary of fractures intersecting with vertical boreholes by the signal spikes generated only when the tool enters/exits fractures, (2) can detect fractures as small as approximately 0.15 m and differentiate fractures up to approximately 10 m in width, (3) can detect fractures with height as small as 0.3 m, (4) can differentiate ellipti...
Urodynamic dysfunction in walking myelodysplastic children

AbstractWe evaluated urodynarnically and radiologically 54 children with myelodysplasia and neurological deficits at or below the SI level. Baseline urodynamic testing was normal in 13 patients (24%), while 12 (22%) had an upper motor neuron and 13 (24%) had a lower motor neuron type of dysfunction. A total of 7 patients (13%) had a mixed upper and lower motor neuron type, and 9 (17%) had only lower motor neuron dysfunction of the urethral sphincter with a normally contractile bladder. Followup studies varying in time from 1 month to 10 years showed a changing neurourological lesion in 29 patients (54%): 25 deteriorated while 4 improved. Of the 54 children 20 had hydronephrosis and/or vesicoureteral reflux. Incontinence was the major problem in 41 patients (75%), and was managed initially with pharmacological agents and/or clean intermittent catheterization, with 9 of the 41 eventually requiring surgery.Urodynamic assessment reveals a variable picture that does not correlate well with the apparent neurolo...
Primary care pediatricians' interest in diagnostic error reduction.

BACKGROUND Diagnostic errors causing harm in children are understudied, resulting in a knowledge gap regarding pediatricians' interest in reducing their incidence. METHODS Electronic survey of general pediatricians focusing on diagnostic error incidence, errors they were interested in trying to improve, and errors reduced by their electronic health record (EHR). RESULTS Of 300 contacted pediatricians, 77 (26%) responded, 58 (19%) served ambulatory patients, and 48 (16%) completed the entire questionnaire. Of these 48, 17 (35%) reported making a diagnostic error at least monthly, and 16 (33%) reported making a diagnostic error resulting in an adverse event at least annually. Pediatricians were "most" interested in "trying to improve" missed diagnosis of hypertension (17%), delayed diagnosis due to missed subspecialty referral (15%), and errors associated with delayed follow-up of abnormal laboratory values (13%). Among the 44 pediatricians with an EHR, 16 (36%) said it reduced the likelihood of missing obesity and 14 (32%) said it reduced the likelihood of missing hypertension. Also, 15 (34%) said it helped avoid delays in follow-up of abnormal laboratory values. A third (36%) reported no help in diagnostic error reduction from their EHR. CONCLUSIONS Pediatricians self-report an appreciable number of diagnostic errors and were most interested in preventing high frequency, non-life-threatening errors. There exists a need to leverage EHRs to support error reduction efforts.
Exceptional points in three-dimensional plasmonic nanostructures

Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracies in open wave systems where at least two energy levels and their corresponding eigenstates coalesce. We report evidence of the existence of EPs in three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanostructures. The systems are composed of coupled plasmonic nanoresonators and can be judiciously and systematically driven to EPs by controlling symmetry-compatible modes via their near-field and far-field interactions. The proposed platform opens the way to the investigation of EPs for enhanced light-matter interactions and applications in communication, sensing, and imaging.
Salmonella and Complement: The Critical Influence of O-Polysaccharide within LPS

Virulent enteric gram negative bacteria generally produce lipopolysaccharide molecules bearing O-antigen side chains. This scenario applies despite the fact that nearly all of the in vitro and in vivo toxic effects of LPS are ascribed to the lipid A portion of the molecule. Thus, there is an apparent survival advantage to the organism in producing LPS with O-polysaccharide side chains. Although the presence of O-polysaccharide confers some advantage to the cell in fending off harmful exogenous hydrophobic molecules, the overall fluidity and permeability of the outer membrane is not altered substantially merely as a consequence of O-antigen addition (1). Certainly, one survival advantage to cells bearing O-antigen resides in their capacity to evade the host humoral immune system. The presence within virulent organisms of O-antigen serotypes not commonly encountered insures that the native host will not have developed specific antibody to the organism at the time of invasion. A second factor, and the subject of this paper, is that O-antigen within LPS is the major determinant influencing the interaction of the complement system with the gram negative cell wall. In fact, it could be argued that this is the most clearly demonstrated consequence of O-antigen within LPS. The theme of this manuscript is that both the carbohydrate composition of the O-antigen, which dictates the extent of opsonic C3 fragment deposition by the alternative complement pathway, and the size and distribution of O-antigen, which determines the susceptibility to direct killing by the alternative complement pathway, are major virulence determinants for LPS within enteric organisms.
Russell in the Lords

Bertrand Russell sat in the House of Lords as the third Earl Russell from 1931 to 1970. In these nearly 40 years as a Labour peer, Russell proved to be a fitful attender and infrequent participant in the upper house—speaking only six times. This paper examines each of these interventions—studying not just the speeches themselves but also their genesis and impact within Parliament and without. Of all the controversial and important foreign and domestic issues faced by Parliament over these four decades, it was matters of peace and war which prompted Russell to take advantage of his hereditary position and, more importantly, of the national forum which the Lords' chamber provided him.
Impact of physician compliance with colonoscopy surveillance guidelines on interval colorectal cancer

Background and Aims Interval colorectal cancer (iCRC) incidence is the criterion standard benchmark for measuring the effectiveness of colonoscopy. Colonoscopy surveillance guidelines are designed to minimize iCRC cases. Our aims were to describe characteristics of iCRC patients and to assess whether development of iCRC is related to colonoscopy surveillance guideline intervals. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of postcolonoscopy iCRC cases in a large healthcare system. Guideline-based colonoscopy intervals were calculated based on the 2012 U.S. Multi-Society Task Force for Colorectal Cancer colonoscopy surveillance guidelines. Backward stepwise linear regression was used to determine predictors of iCRC before guideline-recommended follow-up intervals. Results We identified 245 iCRC cases (mean age, 69.4 years; 56.3% male) out of 5345 colon cancers evaluated for a prevalence of 4.60%. On index colonoscopy, 75.1% had an adequate preparation, 93.0% reached the cecum, and 52.5% had polyps. iCRC developed before the guideline-recommended interval in 59.1% of patients (94/159). Independent predictive factors of this finding were inadequate preparation (OR, .012; 95% CI, .003-.06; P P = .0009). An endoscopist-recommended follow-up interval past the guideline-recommended interval was seen in 23.9% of cases (38/159). Most (34/38, 89.5%) of these iCRCs had inadequate preparation and were diagnosed after the guideline-based follow-up interval. Conclusions Current colonoscopy surveillance guidelines may be inadequate to prevent many iCRC cases. Physician noncompliance with guideline-based surveillance intervals may increase in iCRC cases, especially in patients with an initially inadequate bowel preparation.
Activation of GR but not PXR by dexamethasone attenuated acetaminophen hepatotoxicities via Fgf21 induction

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling is indispensable for cell growth and development, and plays important roles in drug metabolism. Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) 21, an important regulator of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism, plays a cytoprotective role by attenuating toxicities induced by chemicals such as dioxins, acetaminophen (APAP), and alcohols. The present study investigates the impact of dexamethasone (DEX)-activated GR on Fgf21 expression and how it affects the progression of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Our results showed that DEX dose/concentration- and time-dependently increased Fgf21 mRNA and protein expression in mouse liver as well as cultured mouse and human hepatoma cells. By using PXR-null mouse model, we demonstrated that DEX induced Fgf21 expression by a PXR-independent mechanism. In cultured mouse and human hepatoma cells, inhibition of GR signaling, by RU486 (Mifepristone) or GR silencing using GR-specific siRNA, attenuated DEX-induced Fgf21 expression. In addition, DEX increased luciferase reporter activity driven by the 3.0-kb mouse and human Fgf21/FGF21 gene promoter. Further, ChIP-qPCR assays demonstrated that DEX increased the binding of GR to the specific cis-regulatory elements located in the 3.0-kb mouse and human Fgf21/FGF21 gene promoter. Pretreatment of 2mg/kg DEX ameliorated APAP-induced liver injury in wild-type but not Fgf21-null mice. In conclusion, via GR activation, DEX induced Fgf21 expression in mouse liver and human hepatoma cells.
Clinical applications of quantitative proteomics using targeted and untargeted data-independent acquisition techniques.

Introduction: While selected/multiple-reaction monitoring (SRM or MRM) is considered the gold standard for quantitative protein measurement, emerging data-independent acquisition (DIA) using high-r...
Such Crooked Timber: Kant’s Philosophical Anthropology

This chapter takes Kant’s understanding of our finitude and imperfection as a central theme by examining the main feature of Kant’s philosophical anthropology, namely, Kant’s account of what he calls “unsocial sociability” or “the propensity to radical evil in human nature,” which are but two ways to describe our dependency and moral imperfection. First, I examine what Kant has to say about the “unsocial sociability” of human beings. I then turn to Kant’s treatment of radical evil in human nature in Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, since that is a work in which Kant more precisely explains the ways in which human nature possesses the animal tendency to easy living and happiness. Next I look closely at Kant’s treatment of the inclinations in the Groundwork and their relation to what he calls “moral worth,” since critics of Kant often wrongly take this text to commit Kant to a wholesale rejection of sensible/sensuous nature as the cause of moral evil and the obstacle standing in the way of our acting genuinely morally. After providing a correct understanding of the relevant parts of the Groundwork, I then turn to Kant’s account of affects and passions, two particular species of emotion and desire. I conclude the chapter by considering Kant’s view of happiness, which he identifies as the natural end of human beings.
Mining Player Ranking Dynamics in Team Sports

The dynamics of players rankings play an important role in team sports. We use Kendall’s \(\tau \) and Spearman’s \(\rho \) distances between rankings to study player scoring ranking dynamics in the NBA over the full 2014 regular season. For each team, we study the distances between sequential games, noting the differences between the two distances. Additionally, we define the consistency of teams based on their ranking dynamics. Team consistency and winning percentage are compared. Finally, we use our findings to produce actionable results for sports managers.
Magnetic resonance imaging patterns of mononeuropathic denervation in muscles with dual innervation

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of mononeuropathy in muscles with dual innervation depicts geographic denervation corresponding to the affected nerve. Knowledge of the normal distribution of a muscle's neural supply is clinically relevant as partial muscle denervation represents a potential imaging pitfall that can be confused with other pathology, such as muscle strain. This article reviews the normal innervation pattern of extremity muscles with dual supply, providing illustrative examples of mononeuropathy affecting such muscles.
The Impact of Political Context on the Questions Asked and Answered: The Evolution of Education Research on Racial Inequality

This chapter examines how the larger political context and policies enacted at different points in American history have affected the questions education researchers asked and answered. The authors...
Strategies to Treat Venous Reflux Disease

An estimated 30% of adults in the United States have some degree of venous reflux disease. These may range from subclinical reflux to aesthetic asymptomatic varicosities noted in the superficial tissue to advanced chronic venous disease (CVD) with ulcerations and pain. Given the variety of presentations of patients with venous reflux disease, CVD can be classified using the revised CEAP classification system and/or by using the revised Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS). Various treatment modalities are available, including nonoperative and operative management. This chapter focuses on the various modalities available for use and the risks and benefits of each modality and discusses some controversial topics in venous reflux disease. At a minimum, clinical follow-up should include CEAP classification and VCSS scores.
Pathological personality traits and immoral tendencies

Abstract The overarching goal of the present studies was to explore the connections between pathological personality traits and an array of immoral tendencies. Across three studies, we predicted that individuals with certain pathological personality traits (e.g., antagonism) would be more likely to exhibit immoral tendencies (e.g., greed, envy). The results of Study 1 (N = 714) revealed that antagonism, disinhibition, and negative affectivity had unique positive associations with greed. The results of Study 2 (N = 1134) showed that antagonism and negative affectivity had unique positive associations with benign and malicious envy, whereas detachment had a positive association with malicious envy. The results of Study 3 (N = 476) showed that antagonism and disinhibition had unique positive associations with most of the “seven deadly sins” (e.g., anger, lust, pride), whereas negative affectivity had less consistent associations with the seven deadly sins. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results for understanding the links between pathological personality traits and immoral tendencies.
A Heuristic Approach to Satellite Range Scheduling With Bounds Using Lagrangian Relaxation

This paper focuses on scheduling antennas to track satellites using a novel heuristic method. The objectives pursued in developing a schedule are twofold: 1) minimize the priority weighted number of time periods that satellites are not tracked, and 2) equalize the percentage of time each satellite is uncovered. The heuristic method is a population-based local search tailored to the unique characteristics of this problem. In order to validate the performance of the heuristic, bounds are developed using Lagrangian relaxation. The heuristic method and the bounds are applied to several test problems. In all cases, the heuristic identifies a solution that is better than the upper bound and is generally closer (but obviously larger) than the lower bound with about an order of magnitude reduction in computation time. Finally, a comparison with CPLEX 12.7 is provided.
LIBOR market model with multiplicative basis

The study on the multiple-curve interest rate models becomes increasingly active since the 2007 credit crunch, for which one curve, typically the OIS curve, is used for discounting purpose, while t...
A CS0 course using Scratch

Although computer science enrollment has increased in the freshman and sophomore levels over the past few years, computer science departments are still faced with retention issues, particularly if some of their majors have weak mathematics backgrounds and are placed directly in CS1. In this paper, a new CS0 course using Scratch is described, along with a study to determine the effectiveness of the CS0 course at improving the retention, performance and attitudes of at-risk majors. Initial assessments indicate that students who are programming using Scratch have a high degree of perceived self-efficacy with respect to their programming abilities. Furthermore, the midterm performance of the students who took the new CS0 course in Fall 2009 and are currently enrolled in CS1 exceeds that of students in previous years.
Structural and electronic properties of C60.

We present pseudopotential local-density calculations of the electronic and structural properties of solid ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ (fullerite). The calculated molecular bond lengths, lattice constant, bulk modulus, enthalpy of formation, and the equation of state for compression are in good agreement with experiment. The shape of the theoretical density of states is in excellent agreement with the experimental photoemission and inverse photoemission spectra. We also present the calculated band structure for the states near the fundamental gap. We have made a thorough analysis of the electronic states of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and found that they can be conveniently classified according to their angular character, and use it to identify the origin of the peaks in the electronic density of states.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Slip Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluids in Microchannels

This paper considers the application of Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) to non-Newtonian flow in micro-fluidic devices. To set ideas, we first consider the pressure driven gaseous slip flow with small rarefaction through a long micro-channel and formulate the problem in LB framework. The non-Newtonian fluids are characterized by the non-linear stress-strain constitutive models formulated by Casson, Carreau & Yasuda, Herschel, and Cross, and the well known power law model. The formulation of the LBM for slip flow of non-Newtonian flow is presented. For planar constant area micro-channel for power law fluid, it is possible to obtain an analytical solution for both no-slip and slip flow. For other non-Newtonian fluid models, LBM results are compared with the numerical solutions obtained by using the commercial software FLUENT. The LBM results agree well with the analytical solutions and the numerical solutions. Small differences in the results are noticed using the different models characterizing the non-Newtonian flow.
Planning Support Systems Evolving: When the Rubber Hits the Road

Planning support systems (PSS) have moved from concept to application. One of the core assumptions of PSS is that these computer-based systems can be applied in actual planning situations and found useful as decision support tools. Based on previous experiences with applied computing efforts, we need to think carefully about how best to support successful implementations of PSS. Lessons can be learned from both experiences with large-scale urban models and with the four-step urban transportation planning process. We examine the potential of PSS across four dimensions — data availability, acceptance and support, ease of use, and appropriate and useful output.
Patterns of primary healthcare use among female exotic dancers in Baltimore, Maryland.

ABSTRACTFemale exotic dancers (FEDs) are often exposed to violence-, sex- and drug-related occupational harms and are precluded from employer-based health insurance. We examined access to primary h...
Self Psychology in Clinical Intervention with the Elderly

The self psychology of Heinz Kohut can be usefully integrated with current clinical interventions in social work. The authors discuss the major principles of self psychology, applying them to work ...
Impact of mental stress, the circadian system and their interaction on human cardiovascular function.

Abstract The risk for adverse cardiovascular events (e.g., myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death) peaks in the morning, possibly due to the effects of the endogenous circadian system on cardiovascular risk factors, or the occurrence in the morning of specific triggers, such as mental stress. To assess any interacting effects on cardiovascular function of mental stress and the circadian system, 12 healthy adults underwent a 240-h protocol with all measurements and behaviors scheduled evenly across the circadian cycle. Mental stress was repeatedly induced by performance-motivated serial addition tasks. Cardiovascular measures included hemodynamic function (heart rate, blood pressure), circulating catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine), and estimates of sympathovagal balance and cardiac vagal modulation derived from heart rate variability analyses. Mental stress increased hemodynamic function, sympathovagal balance and epinephrine, and decreased cardiac vagal modulation. Endogenous circadian variation occurred in all cardiovascular measures: sympathovagal balance peaked in the circadian morning (∼9 AM), cardiac vagal modulation in the circadian night (∼4 AM), and heart rate and circulating catecholamines in the late circadian morning/early afternoon (∼12 PM). Importantly, the effects of mental stress and the endogenous circadian system on cardiovascular function occurred in conjunction, such that mental stress in the circadian morning caused greatest sympathovagal balance. This summation of effects could contribute to the increased morning cardiovascular vulnerability.
Fracture Mechanics Life Prediction Computer Code Verification and Validation

The verification and validation (V&V) of a fracture mechanics life prediction computer code is an essential task. The confidence level of results is directly related to the effort invested in the V&V process. The V&V process of life prediction software is broken two major parts: computer code assessment and fracture mechanics assessment. The fracture mechanics assessment is divided into three V&V tasks: fracture mechanics parameters, baseline predictions, and advanced predictions. The details of validating the stress intensity factor solution for a surface crack in a finite plate is discussed. Example V&V results are reported for NASCRAC Version 2.0 and NASARLAGR Version 1.3. NASCRAC has significant errors in implementing a fatigue crack growth algorithm. In addition, the surface crack stress intensity factor solution in NASCRAC does not agree well with established analytical and experiental benchmark results. NASA/FLAGRO has computer coding problems which affect its portability.
Applied Risk Management in Electric Power Plant Decision Making

Large electric power plants incorporate a large number of complex, highly redundant, and very reliable systems in order to produce power in safe and efficient manner. Much effort is expended to assure that the systems are maintained to maximize the availability of all normal and safety-related systems. To assure safe operation while performing maintenance or responding to unexpected equipment outages, power plants must continually evaluate the risk of changes in plant configuration.
Rheological properties of modified crumb rubber asphalt binder and selecting the best modified binder using AHP method

Abstract Crumb rubber modifier (CRM) is one of the most popular asphalt binder modifiers due to the economic benefits and desired physical and rheological properties of asphalt binders and asphalt mixes. This research focuses on evaluating the properties of rubber-modified asphalt binders and selecting the best modified binder. The modified binders were produced by blending virgin binders with CRM at various contents of different gradations, and different methods of grinding. CRM made through ambient and cryogenic grinding methods with two gradation sizes were produced and tested. Three different virgin binders from two sources were obtained and used. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to determine the best combination of virgin binder and CRM, based on the rheological properties and their importance in Nevada’s construction code. Based on AHP analysis, ambient CRM obtained the highest priority. CRM contents of 10% and 15% were ranked higher than 20% depending on the grade of the virgin binder. Both mesh 20 and 40 CRM sizes were favorable.
National trends and variation in nurse staffing on inpatient psychiatric units

The purpose of this study was to examine national trends and variation in nurse staffing on inpatient psychiatric units in US general hospitals from 2005-2017. The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators® provided data on nurse staffing from 1,143 psychiatric units in 610 US hospitals. A weighted linear mixed model was fitted for each of two staffing measures: Registered nurse (RN) hours per patient day (HPPD) and non-RN HPPD. Monthly staffing levels were modeled as a function of study year, unit type, and hospital bed size, teaching status, government ownership, for-profit status, metropolitan location, and US census division. Very gradual upward trends in staffing were observed. Compared with adult units, child/adolescent units had lower RN staffing and higher non-RN staffing. Levels of both types of staffing were lower in for-profit facilities. The Pacific census division had higher RN staffing than every other census division by an estimated margin of 0.52-1.54 HPPD, and census divisions with the lowest levels of RN staffing had the highest levels of non-RN staffing. Despite concerns expressed over the past 15 years about patient violence, staffing levels, and use of seclusion and restraint on psychiatric units, average staffing levels have apparently increased only modestly since 2005, and increases in RN staffing on psychiatric units have not kept pace with increases in general care units. Marked regional differences in staffing merit further investigation.
Pacemaker English Composition

Do you want to improve your writing skills and produce great articles or written compositions? Then, “Pacemaker English Composition” is a great resource to consider for your writing needs. This book is published by Globe Fearon Educational Publishing Company in 2002 with 439 pages that offer a step-by-step guide to simple but effective writing.
EVERYDAY LANGUAGE, LITERARY LANGUAGE, AND THE PROBLEM OF TRANSLATION

Any understanding of cultures and languages is caught up in the dynamics of translation. This essay outlines the issues of translation in a cross-cultural context and focuses on the relationship between the literary and other modes of discourse as exemplary for understanding issues of cultural translation. In describing the dissolution of the literary into general textuality, it gives a historical overview of the relationship between literary and other discourses from classical to New-Critical and Russian Formalist theories, down to today.
Respirable coal mine dust at surface mines, United States, 1982-2017.

Background Exposure to respirable coal mine dust can cause pneumoconiosis, an irreversible lung disease that can be debilitating. The mass concentration and quartz mass percent of respirable coal mine dust samples (annually, by occupation, by geographic region) from surface coal mines and surface facilities at U.S. underground mines during 1982-2017 were summarized. Methods Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) collected and analyzed data for respirable dust and a subset of the samples were analyzed for quartz content. We calculated the respirable dust and quartz concentration geometric mean, arithmetic mean, and percent of samples exceeding the respirable dust permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 2.0 mg/m3, and the average percent of quartz content in samples. Results The geometric mean for 288 705 respirable dust samples was 0.17 mg/m3 with 1.6% of the samples exceeding the 2.0 mg/m3 PEL. Occupation-specific geometric means for respirable dust in active mining areas were highest among drillers. The geometric mean for respirable dust was higher in central Appalachia compared to the rest of the U.S. The geometric mean for respirable quartz including 54 040 samples was 0.02 mg/m3 with 15.3% of these samples exceeding the applicable standard (PEL or reduced PEL). Occupation-specific geometric means for respirable quartz were highest among drillers. Conclusion Higher concentrations of respirable dust or quartz in specific coal mining occupations, notably drilling occupations, and in certain U.S. regions, underscores the need for continued surveillance to identify workers at higher risk for pneumoconiosis.
Single Scattering Adjoint Monte Carlo Electron Transport in FRENSIE

A new single scattering adjoint transport capability was implemented in Framework for REsearch in Nuclear ScIence and Engineering (FRENSIE). The Evaluated Electron Data Library (EEDL) was used to g...
Chief Medical Officer (CMO) Positions Are Being Eliminated: An alarming trend for the medical profession around the World?

‘I know this is going to be difficult, but the CMO position is being eliminated … . As you know, our financial situation is really challenging.’ A few words interrupted what seemed like an eternity...
Using a Modeling-Based Approach to Assess and Optimize HIV Linkage to Care Services

Evidence-based linkage to care interventions (LTCs) help recently diagnosed HIV+ individuals engage in care in a timely manner yet are heavily impacted by the systems in which they are embedded. We developed a prototype agent-based model informed by data from an established LTC program targeting youth and young adults aged 13–24 in Memphis, Tennessee. We then tested two interventions to improve LTC in a simulated environment: expanding testing sites versus using current testing sites but improving direct referral to LTC staff from organizations providing testing, to understand the impact on timely linkage to care. Improving direct referral to the LTC program decreased days to successful linkage from an average of 30 to 23 days but expanding testing sites increased average days to 31 days unless those sites also made direct referrals. We demonstrated how LTC is impacted by the system and interventions for shortening days to linkage to care.
CD95 (APO-1/Fas) in Hematopoietic Diseases

Hematopoietic cells are in constant need of control of their cell numbers due to their intrinsic proliferative capacity. Thus, an excess of precursor cells is produced daily which mature into effector cells. Especially in T and B cell precursors the vast majority of cells die due to inefficient maturation because the cells do not produce functional T or B cell receptors. Once mature effector cells have been generated, activation of these cells in the periphery leads to rapid proliferation and expansion of the cell pool. Induction of cell death is important to downregulate the immune response. Likewise, cells of hemopoietic lineage are produced in large quantities and cell death mechanisms are built-in to regulate cell growth (Cohen et al. 1992; Allen et al. 1993). Apoptosis is the physiological form of cell death used as a negative regulator to turn off excessive proliferation (Kerr et al. 1972). Withdrawal of growth factors from activated T lymphocytes or growth factor dependent hemopoietic cells induces apoptosis via a “death by default” mechanism (Raff et al. 1993; Kinoshita et al. 1995). On the other hand, cell surface molecules such as CD95 mediate ligand induced “triggered death”.
Integration in the absence of institutions: China–North Korea cross-border exchange☆

Abstract Theory tells us that weak rule of law and institutions deter cross-border integration, deter investment relative to trade, and inhibit trade finance. Drawing on a survey of more than 300 Chinese enterprises that are doing or have done business in North Korea, we consider how informal institutions have addressed these problems in a setting in which rule of law and institutions are particularly weak. Given the apparent reliance on hedging strategies, the rapid growth in exchange witnessed in recent years may prove self-limiting, as the effectiveness of informal institutions erode and the risk premium rises. Institutional improvement could have significant welfare implications, affecting the volume, composition, and financial terms of cross-border exchange.
Long-term Agricultural Productivity and Religious Conflict:Evidence from India

This paper studies the association between agricultural productivity and religious riots in a setting of an abrupt productivity increase in India. I find heterogeneity in the impacts of the gains a...
Sugar is an ant’s best friend? Testing food web theory predictions about trophic position and abundance in an invasive ant (Nylanderia fulva)

Classical food web theory predicts that species at the base of food webs will be more abundant than those at the top. Likewise, it’s hypothesized that feeding at lower trophic positions (e.g., deriving more nitrogen from plant-based resources such as nectar or honeydew) plays an important role in the establishment, spread, and ecological dominance of invasive social insects. We tested the relationship between diet, abundance, and resource dominance using the invasive tawny crazy ant (Nylanderia fulva). We used stable isotope analysis, pitfall sampling, and attraction of ants to baits to investigate tawny crazy ant trophic position, abundance, foraging intensity, and competition with other ant species at sites across Texas, USA. Tawny crazy ant abundance varied from zero to > 1000 ants per pitfall trap depending on site and month. Counter to our predictions, however, there was no significant relationship between tawny crazy ant abundance and trophic position. Moreover, tawny crazy ant foraging activity and numerical dominance at baits were significantly higher when ants occupied a higher trophic position. Tawny crazy ants were much more predaceous than expected, as worker $${\updelta }$$ 15N values were often statistically indistinguishable from known arthropod predators (14/22 total observations). A review of the literature indicates that our results add to a growing body of evidence (15/24 studies) suggesting that ant abundance does not always correspond with a more herbivorous diet. Rather, other factors such as dietary flexibility and abiotic features may play a more important role in invasive ant abundance, particularly in the case of tawny crazy ants.
Research on the development of cancer drugs for children

The development of pediatric cancer drugs is inefficient and must requires a significant development to improve the current situation. According to the research on the development of pediatric cancer drugs, the market condition is analyzed and compared with adult cancer drugs. It is found that even though the drug market for pediatric cancer is significantly smaller than adult cancer’s drug market, it is still important that pediatric cancer drugs are developed in order to better serve the treatment for childhood cancer, and increase the survival rate for malign cancer cases. Through thorough research it also appeared that while the government provides some beneficial programs and insurances for children experiencing pediatric cancer, better insurance plans should be identified. Another important finding throughout research results in the government and legislation area, where the pediatric cancer drugs development process is analysed and has found some potential for the future. As a whole, the effort of the government in both the drug development period and the legislation area with the combination of big pharmaceutical companies’ efforts and the potential creation of new kinds of insurances, the situation for pediatric cancer drugs development can experience a positive change.