cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO α‐AMYLASE INHIBITORS FROM BLACK BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris)1

Two α-amylase inhibitors from black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were purified to homogencity using ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration with Sephadex G-100. The inhibitors were designated I–1 and I–2 based on their order of elution from the phenyl-Sepharose column. Both inhibitors are mannose containing glycoproteins, composed of subunits; active against porcine pancreatic, human salivary, and insect α-amylases and inactive against bacterial, mold, and plant α-amylases. The inhibitors I-1 and I–2 have molecular weights of 49,000 and 47,000 and isoelectric points 4.93 and 4.86, respectively. Both inhibitors have similar amino acid compositions and are rich in aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, valine, and threonine and are low in sulfur containing amino acids. I–2 is more resistant to heat denaturation than I-1.
Embedding finite posets in cubes

In this paper we define the n-cube Q"n as the poset obtained by taking the cartesian product of n chains each consisting of two points. For a finite poset X, we then define dim"2X as the smallest positive integer n such that X can be embedded as a subposet of Q"n. For any poset X we then have log"2 |X| = = 2, there exist positive constants c"1 and c"2 so that for the poset X consisting of all one element and k-element subsets of an n-element set, the inequality c"1 log"2n < dim"2(X) < c"2 log"2n holds for all n with k < n. A poset is called Q-critical if dim"2 (X - x) < dim"2(X) for every x @e X. We define a join operation @? on posets under which the collection Q of all Q-critical posets which are not chains forms a semigroup in which unique factorization holds. We then completely determine the subcollection M @? Q consisting of all posets X for which dim"2 (X) = |X|.
Optimum synthesis of a bipolar composite reference function with a simulated annealing algorithm

An optimum training process using a simulated annealing algorithm for synthesizing a spatial domain bipolar composite reference function (BCRF) is presented. The major advantages of the proposed BCRF filter are out-of-plane rotation invariance, higher discriminability (in particular, for similar targets), and convenience for optical implementation of a BCRF filter using a photorefractive (PR) crystal in a VanderLugt correlator is provided, in which we show that the experimental results agree with the simulation.
Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics in cancer research

Phosphorylation is one of the most common post translational modifications (PTM), participating in a large number of processes to regulate cellular functions. Phosphorylation is also one of the key factors in the origin and development of cancer. The rapid development of mass spectrometric-based phosphoproteomic technologies has made it possible for high-throughput identification and quantification of phosphorylation events. In this review, we provide a general introduction and summary of the achievements made in mass spectrometry based phosphoproteomic research, including the approaches for phosphopeptide identification and quantification, as well as instrumentation and data interpretation methods. We also review some discoveries in cancer research made possible by phosphoproteomic analysis technologies.
Effect of dopamine antagonism on the behavioral and hemodynamic responses to cocaine in piglets.

Cocaine (1.5 mg/kg i.v.) was administered to awake newborn piglets that were pretreated with either intravenous saline (placebo) or SCH23390, a dopamine antagonist, to study dopamine’s role in cocaine
On agreement and its relationship to case: Some generative ideas and results

This article surveys some leading generative ideas about agreement and case, and connects them to several universal and near-universal observations noted by typologists. It begins with the familiar fact that adjectives can agree with noun phrases in number and gender but not in person, whereas verbs can agree in person as well—depending on the structure. From there it moves to the fact that verbs typically do not agree with their objects unless they also agree with their subjects. Several possible types of agreement with objects are then identified and distinguished, and some substantive similarities between object agreement and subject agreement are noted. It is shown that both subject agreement and object agreement are sensitive to the case morphology borne by the noun phrase (dative versus accusative, ergative versus nominative) in some languages but not in others, and the implications of this result for the assignment of case are considered. In all, the discussion covers four known linguistic universals in the area of agreement and case, and proposes three new ones. These are all explained in terms of two universal properties of the agreement relation and one parameter.
IN THE EYES OF THE BEHOLDER: CONCEPTUALIZATIONS OF RELATEDNESS HELD BY THE MANAGERS OF LARGE DIVERSIFIED FIRMS

In this study, chief executive officers were surveyed to evaluate how they perceive their firms’ businesses to be related. Responses from nearly 200 top executives provided the data for this study. Findings suggest that some managers think of relatedness in terms of similarities in products, markets, and technologies, a type of relatedness that is assessed by existing measures of diversification. The study also found, however, that managers hold additional conceptualizations of relatedness, including relatedness characterized by an emphasis on shared differentiation and marketing skills. The importance of the study’s findings and its contributions to the diversification literature are discussed. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive calibration and control of 2D monocular visual servo systems

Abstract For most visual servo systems, accurate camera/robot calibration is essential for precision tasks, such as tracking time-varying end-effector trajectories in the image plane of a remote (or fixed) camera. This paper presents details of control-theoretic approaches to the calibration and control of monocular visual servo systems in the case of a planar robot with a workspace perpendicular to the optical axis of the imaging system. An on-line adaptive calibration and control scheme is developed, along with an associated stability and convergence theorem. A redundancy-based refinement of this scheme is proposed and demonstrated via simulation.
Colonization and Establishment of the Red Pine Scale, Matsucoccus resinosae (Homoptera; Margarodidae) in a Connecticut Plantation

The horizontal and vertical distributions of the red pine scale, Matsucoccus resinosae B&G (Homoptera: Margarodidae) were studied in a 1.6 ha pure plantation of Pinus resinosa Ait. in Connecticut. Both cast skins of intermediate-stage larvae from the previous generation and settled 1st-stage larvae had a highly contagious distribution. More than 56% of the total number of larvae occurred in only 8 of the 40 plots. Only 23 of 80 trees supported a previous generation of the scale. Dispersal reduced the degree of contagion by 50% after a single generation. The densities of settled larvae and of cast skins were not correlated with the distance of trees from a previously-infested stand but their distributions strikingly resembled the pattern of a shelter profile, characteristic of wind-dispersed insects leeward of windbreaks. A significantly greater number of settled larvae and of cast skins occurred in the lower canopy. The least number of both occurred in the upper canopy. The densities of settled larvae and of cast skins differed significantly among the 10 trees. Branch exposure did not significantly influence scale density. The occurrence of settled larvae was significantly correlated with the density of the previous generation of scale on individual branches and on trees. Examination of cast skins on dead branches can be a valuable aid in determining population levels of M. resinosae on red pine.
Sexual differences in spatio-temporal interaction among badgers.

I tested the following hypotheses of territorial polygyny on badgers (Taxidea taxus: Carnivora; Mustelidae): Competition among adult females for food should result in intrasexual territoriality, while male competition for females should result in larger territories that encompass multiple female territories. The sagebrush-grassland study area (Wyoming, USA) contained a depauperate terrestrial fauna with a dense badger population preying on high densities of ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus). Implant telemetry generated locations for analysis of home range and spatio-temporal interaction. During the summer breeding season males doubled movement rates and nearly tripled home range areas to overlap those of females. Before and after the breeding season, males reduced their home ranges to sizes nearer those of stable female ranges ([Formula: see text]=2.82 km2). Unexpectedly, home range overlap between males and females was no different than intrasexual overlap. However, analysis of spatio-temporal interaction revealed that females spatially avoided one another, while males were spatially and temporally attacted to one another, similar to that of male-female interactions. Presumably, olfactory mechanisms allow resource tracking and lagged communication. Male-male territoriality was not viable, most likely because the high density of badgers, combined with the severely male-biased sex ratio (1.75:1), effectively increased intruder pressure - as a resource, receptive females were too mobile and spatially unpredictable within their home ranges. Consequently, males monitored and searched widely for relatively scarce females during the breeding season with the effect of attracting each other. Male mobility, home range size, and possibly aggression increased with age, suggesting age-related breeding tactics, although dominance could only be surmised. This and other studies suggest how the spatial, temporal, and dominance components of carnivore resource partitioning and sociality will be understood better by unraveling the interplay of olfactory processes, attributes of disparate resources (e.g., food vs. females), seasonality, and population density and age-sex structure.
National Trends in Outpatient Surgical Treatment of Degenerative Cervical Spine Disease

Study Design Retrospective population-based observational study. Objective To assess the growth of cervical spine surgery performed in an outpatient setting. Methods A retrospective study was conducted using the United States Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s State Inpatient and Ambulatory Surgery Databases for California, New York, Florida, and Maryland from 2005 to 2009. Current Procedural Terminology, fourth revision (CPT-4) and International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes were used to identify operations for degenerative cervical spine diseases in adults (age > 20 years). Disposition and complication rates were examined. Results There was an increase in cervical spine surgeries performed in an ambulatory setting during the study period. Anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion accounted for 68% of outpatient procedures; posterior decompression made up 21%. Younger patients predominantly underwent anterior fusion procedures, and patients in the eighth and ninth decades of life had more posterior decompressions. Charlson comorbidity index and complication rates were substantially lower for ambulatory cases when compared withinpatients. The majority (>99%)of patients were discharged home following ambulatory surgery. Conclusions Recently, the number ofcervical spine surgeries has increased in general, and more of these procedures are being performed in an ambulatory setting. The majority (>99%) of patients are discharged home but the nature of analyzing administrative data limits accurate assessment of postoperative complications and thus patient safety. This increase in outpatient cervical spine surgery necessitates further discussion of its safety.
Keynote address: The role of proto-oncogenes in human cancer: Implications for diagnosis and treatment

Proto-oncogenes are normal genes which affect normal cell growth and proliferation, but which have the potential to contribute to cancer development if their expression is altered. A variety of events may activate proto-oncogenes and convert them from benign genes to cancer genes. These events include mutations of nucleic acid sequences, chromosomal rearrangements, and amplification of the number of genes. The observations that alterations in specific gene sequences frequently accompany neoplasia have provided the first insights into the pathogenesis of human cancer at the molecular level. These insights offer new opportunities for developing cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
Insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) is a marker of unfavourable prognosis in colorectal cancer

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3, also known as IMP3) represents a promising cancer biomarker. However, the clinical, pathological, molecular and prognostic features of IGF2BP3-positive colorectal cancers remain uncertain. Materials and methods We evaluated IGF2BP3 expression by immunohistochemistry in 671 rectal and colon cancer cases that form part of a molecular pathological epidemiology database. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compute mortality hazard ratio (HR), adjusting for clinical, pathological and molecular features, including microsatellite instability, the CpG island methylator phenotype, LINE-1 methylation and KRAS , BRAF and PIK3CA mutations. Results Among 671 colorectal cancers, 234 (35%) tumours were positive for IGF2BP3. In contrast, normal colorectal epithelium was negative for IGF2BP3 in all 403 specimens of normal mucosa adjacent to carcinoma. IGF2BP3 positivity was associated with poor differentiation ( p =0.0003), stage III-IV disease ( p =0.0081), BRAF mutation ( p =0.031), and LINE-1 hypomethylation ( p =0.020). IGF2BP3 positivity was significantly associated with shorter colorectal cancer-specific [log-rank p p =0.0004; multivariate HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05–1.66). Conclusions IGF2BP3 expression in colorectal cancer is associated with adverse clinical outcome. Our findings support a role for IGF2BP3 as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer.
Preferential in-vitro growth and expansion of leukemic T lymphoblasts.

Abstract An in-vitro culture system was used to selectively grow malignant cells from the bone marrow of a patient with acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia. Molecular analysis of DNA extracted from the bone marrow cells before culture showed the presence of both rearranged and germ line patterns for the T-cell beta receptor (CTB) gene, and chromosomal analysis revealed the presence of a major and a minor abnormal clone. The cells were cultured in RPMI medium supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum, 2% lymphocyte conditioned medium, l -glutamine and antibiotics. The presence of malignant cells in the cultured population was confirmed by morphologic, molecular probing and cytogenetic analysis. After four weeks in culture, DNA extracted from the cultured cells showed only the rearranged pattern for the CTB gene. Chromosomal analysis of the same cultured sample revealed only the presence of the initially predominant abnormal close. Shortly thereafter, analysis of fresh uncultured bone marrow cells from the patient in relapse revealed that the same chromosomally abnormal clone also predominated in vivo. Thus, our results demonstrate the selective nature of this culture system and its ability to amplify leukemic T-lymphoblasts. This culture system is also useful for detecting occult malignant cells in histologically normal bone marrow.
High-pressure optical studies of doped alkali halides. IV. Mixed crystals

Optical excitation and emission studies have been made on various compositions of mixed crystals of $\mathrm{K}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Br}}_{x}:\mathrm{In}$, $\mathrm{K}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Br}}_{x}:\mathrm{Tl}$, and $\mathrm{Na}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Br}}_{x}:\mathrm{Tl}$. For the potassium salts measurements were made in both the NaCl and CsCl phases. In general, excitation peak locations were measurably below the prediction from linear interpolation, while emission peak locations deviated so far as to provide a minimum in peak location and a maximum in the Stokes's shift at an intermediate composition. The half-widths were greater than a linear interpolation would predict. This last result can be explained in terms of the number of different isostructures with which the impurity ion interacts in a mixed crystal. Although the analytical relation between Stokes's shift and dielectric constant does not give a quantitative correlation, it is of interest that one can quantitatively relate the deviation from linearity of the Stokes's shift and the dielectric constant using a single scaling parameter for both the $\mathrm{K}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Br}}_{x}:\mathrm{Tl}$ and $\mathrm{Na}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Br}}_{x}:\mathrm{Tl}$ systems.
URIC ACID ACCUMULATION IN YOUNG AMERICAN COCKROACH NYMPHS

Patterns of urate storage have been examined in young nymphs of the American cockroach in relation to dietary levels of nitrogen. On a standard dog food diet, stored urates gradually increase with age in a manner which roughly parallels weight gain. Excessive urate storage occurs when dietary nitrogen levels are high, while urate stores are depleted in insects on a nitrogen deficient diet. Excretion of urates was not detected under any conditions examined. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG HARNSAURESPEICHERUNG BEI JUNGLARVEN DER AMERIKANISCHEN SCHABE An Junglarven der Amerikanischen Schabe wurde die Art der Uratspeicherung in Abhangigkeit vom Stickstoffgehalt der Nahrung untersucht. Auf einer Standard-Hundefutterdiat nimmt das eingelagerte Urat allmahlich mit dem Alter zu und zwar ungefahr parallel mit dem Gewicht. Ubermassig viel Urat wird eingelagert bei hohem Stickstoffgehalt der Nahrung. Dagegen werden die Uratvorrate abgebaut bei stickstoffarmer Nahrung. Eine Ausscheidung von Urat wurde unter keiner der berucksichtigten Versuchsbedingungen festgestellt.
IGSCC of non-sensitized stainless steels in high temperature water

SCC studies in stainless steels and nickel alloys reveal that all grades and conditions are susceptible to SCC in high temperature water, whether deaerated or aerated, high H2 or low, theoretical purity water or buffered/contaminated, lower temperature or higher. However, the kinetics of SCC growth vary enormously with stress intensity, yield strength, sensitization, water chemistry, irradiation, temperature, etc. The role of yield strength is especially important because it changes with surface cold work, bulk cold work, weld shrinkage strain, and irradiation hardening; the role of metallurgical strengthening mechanisms, e.g., nitrogen additions or precipitation hardening, may have a similar effect. SCC growth rate measurements were performed in high temperature water on unsensitized stainless steels (and alloy 600) of various grades and compositions. Little effect of grade/heat of stainless steel, martensite content or H2 fugacity/permeation rate was observed, while large effects were observed for yield strength (cold work), stress intensity factor, corrosion potential, and temperature. A model ‘stainless steel’ containing 5% Si (and elevated Ni and reduced Cr) showed high growth rates and little effect of corrosion potential or stress intensity factor.
Reimagining the Higher Education Experience as a Socially-Enabled Complex Adaptive System

Higher education faces challenges on many fronts, including new learning models such as MOOCs, new forms of credentialing that question the value of a diploma, and a generation of students raised on socially-enabled technologies that view creating and sharing information differently. Clearly change must occur, but existing siloed models are well-ingrained into the culture. In this paper, we use complex adaptive systems theory to go inside the “black box” of higher education to envision how socially-enabled technologies can transform processes, roles, and behaviors of key internal and external agents. We describe two new models: (1) Continuous Development, which places students in direct control of their own professional development and (2) Co-Creation, which makes students an integral part of knowledge generation and dissemination. We analyze the changes in traditional structures and interactions these models bring, and propose design principles that guide the design IT systems that enable these changes.
Painting a picture of gas hydrate distribution with thermal images

[1] A study of cold thermal anomalies identified in continuous down-core records of thermal structure acquired by an infrared (IR) camera during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 204 to southern Hydrate Ridge, is combined with core-based observations of structure and lithology, to present new insights into the influence of lithology on hydrate distribution in an accretionary margin. Hydrate distribution is spatially associated with <0.5 cm–thick, laterally discontinuous sand horizons that compose <1% of the sedimentary section at all sites. Proximity to the fractured ridge crest determines the extent to which individual sand horizons host hydrate, with 70% of the horizons hosting hydrate at the crest and only 29% in the basin. This trend is consistent with focused up-dip migration of fluids along permeable lithologic conduits, and shows that lateral flow may be as important as vertical diffusion and fracture flow in determining gas hydrate distribution at Hydrate Ridge.
This is a man’s world ... or least that’s how it looks in the journals

Mainstream criminology still tends to focus on gender as a control variable, ignoring the different pathways to crime followed by males and females. This leaves us with knowledge that we already have—males commit more criminal and delinquent acts than do females, but little information about the similarities and differences between men and women who commit crimes. On the other hand, feminist approaches tend to do one of two things: deal with girls and women only or deal with women and men separately to illuminate the differences. In this paper, we examine articles in three major journals, Criminology, Justice Quarterly, and Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, to explore the ways that gender is treated in mainstream criminology journals. Then, we will discuss the implications this has for feminist criminology.
Seed Savers Exchange

(2006). Seed Savers Exchange Journal of Agricultural & Food Information: Vol. 7, No. 2-3, pp. 3-15.
A quantitative approach for measuring N and P concentration changes in surface runoff from a restored riparian forest wetland

A recently restored riparian wetland is being evaluated as a bioremediation site for nutrients moving downslope from an animal waste application site. In question is the short-term effectiveness of the restored wetland in enhancing the quality of the water leaving the site. Networks of shallow ground-water wells and surface runoff collectors are being used to monitor nutrients concentrations and nutrient assimilation as surface and grounds water moves through the wetland. A 450-mm H-flume at the wetland outlet measures the quantity and quality of surface-water discharged from the wetland. Runoff is sampled at two locations entering the wetland and at two locations near the stream flow. At each location, the runoff is collected in a gutter, passed through a flume, and redistributed through a slotted gutter. Composite samples from each runoff event are collected with a low-cost automated sampler and analyzed for NO3-N, NH4-N, TKN, PO4-P, Total P, and Cl. Recorded hydrographs are used to determine total runoff volume and peak runoff rates of each runoff event. The runoff collectors have operated reliably and seem to be quantifying both hydrologic characteristics of runoff events and nutrient concentration changes in surface runoff as it migrate through the wetland. The simple design, low cost, and dependability of the runoff collection and automated sampling system make it suitable for a variety of research and industrial applications.
Surgery for gallstone ileus: a nationwide comparison of trends and outcomes.

Introduction:Gallstone ileus is a mechanical bowel obstruction caused by a biliary calculus originating from a bilioenteric fistula. Because of the limited number of reported cases, the optimal surgical method of treatment has been the subject of ongoing debate.Methods:A retrospective review of the
Leader–member exchange (LMX) research: A comprehensive review of theory, measurement, and data-analytic practices.

Research conducted since the construct of leader-member exchange (LMX) was first investigated in 1972 is reviewed with respect to the theoretical, measurement, and analytic adequacy of LMX studies. It is shown that conceptual definitions of LMX and its subdimensions have evolved over time, often with little reason or rationale given for changes. Likewise, the measures employed to assess LMX have varied widely and have included an almost bewildering array of diverse item content. Finally, LMX research has rarely examined the level of analysis at which its findings hold. All of these shortcomings lead to the conclusion that we may know less than we should about fundamental leader-member exchange processes and that future research must be conducted with greater attention devoted to the key issues outlined in this review.
Gas‐separation applications of miscible blends of isomeric polyimides

Blends of polyimide isomers containing hexafluoroisopropylidene in the central moiety of the diamine residue have been studied. The isomers differed by having either a meta or a para linkage between the diamine and dianhydride residues. The miscibility of these materials was investigated by studying the glass transition temperature behavior using differential scanning calorimetry. Mixtures of isomer pairs, such as 6FDA–6FmDA and 6FDA–6FpDA, exhibited one glass transition temperature. Tg, and were therefore miscible. Mixtures of nonisomer pairs exhibited two Tg's and were immiscible. The gas sorption and transport properties of the blends of the 6FDA–6FmDA and 6FDA–6FpDA isomers were characterized for a variety of gases at 35°C for pressures up to 60 atm. The permeabilities and permselectivities in the miscible blends fell between those of the pure components and were approximately logarithmic averages of the pure component properties. The miscibility of the polyimide isomers enables one to tailor the composition of the material to optimize the gas separation and mechanical properties. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Experimental Realization of the Covalent Solid Carbon Nitride

Pulsed laser ablation of graphite targets combined with an intense, atomic nitrogen source has been used to prepare C-N thin film materials. The average nitrogen content in the films was systematically varied by controlling atomic nitrogen flux. Rutherford backscattering measurements show that up to 40 percent nitrogen can be incorporated on average into these solids under the present reaction conditions. Photoelectron spectroscopy further indicates that carbon and nitrogen form an unpolarized covalent bond in these C-N materials. Qualitative tests indicate that the C-N solids are thermally robust and hard. In addition, strong electron diffraction is observed from crystallites within the films. Notably, analysis of these diffraction data show that the only viable structure for the C-N crystallites is that of β-C3N4, a material predicted theoretically to exhibit superhardness. The experimental synthesis of this new C-N material offers exciting prospects for both basic research and engineering applications.
Connecting the Dots Between Health, Poverty and Place in Accra, Ghana.

West Africa has a rapidly growing population, an increasing fraction of which lives in urban informal settlements characterized by inadequate infrastructure and relatively high health risks. Little...
Deadbeats and Turnips in Child Support Reform

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management: Volume 17, Issue 1, pages 44?51, Winter 1998 Child support reforms have focused almost exclusively on punitive measures, driven by the stereotypical image of a deadbeat dad who can afford to pay child support but refuses to do so. This image fits some noncustodial fathers, but ignores the diverse nature of this population. We show that lack of income is a significant barrier to child support payments for 16 to 33 percent of young noncustodial fathers, whom we call turnips after the common saying that You can't get blood from a turnip. Furthermore, the characteristics of turnips are similar to those of custodial mothers who are long-term welfare recipients?both are disproportionately composed of young, poorly educated, never-married minorities with little work experience. These findings suggest that a new approach to child support enforcement is needed, one that offers these fathers flexible child support orders that both reflect their current economic circumstances and provide employment and training assistance to enable them to meet their child support obligations in the future.
Cytochemical studies on the protamine-type protein transition in sperm nuclei after fertilization and the early embryonic histones of Urechis caupo

Abstract Cytochemical staining characteristics of nuclear histones during postfertilization maturation division and various early embryonic stages in Urechis have been studied. The transition of protamine-type protein to adult histones in the sperm nucleus is accomplished by 15 min after entrance into the egg cytoplasm. Newly synthesized egg proteins migrate into enlarging male and female pronuclei after this transition, followed by pronuclear DNA synthesis and fusion. The shift from protamine-type protein to adult histones, which occurs in the absence of RNA synthesis during the postfertilization maturation division of the egg, may be one of the processes involved in the normal structural reorganization of chromosomes. Such a reorganization is likely to be a prerequisite for chromosome replication and mitosis. No qualitative differences are detected in the stainability of histones of unfertilized eggs and embryos at the cleavage and later stages of development.
Observables, states, and symmetries in the context of CB-effect algebras

The purpose of this article is to advance the following proposition: Corresponding to a class of physical systems that are subject to experimental investigation and that admit a common physical theory is a so-called CB-effect algebra which, in a natural way, hosts the main ingredients of the physical theory, namely observables, states, and symmetries.
Avoiding Complications with Transoral Surgical Procedures to the Craniovertebral Junction

The transoral-transpalatine approach to the ventral craniocervical junction is the most frequently used route for decompression of the ventral cervicomedullary area. 1 This article presents the complications encountered in 692 patients who underwent this operation between 1977 and 2005. Since 1990 there have been no infections or major morbidity.
On the possibility of constructing an Einthoven triangle for a given subject.

Abstract In experiments on normal subjects, two small electrodes on the chest were connected to a source of low frequency current. The resulting differences in potential between the extremities and between other points on the body were measured. By the method described by Burger and Van Milaan, triangles and other figures, which present in graphic form the data obtained in this way, have been constructed. When the point midway between the input electrodes was in the midsternal line, the triangle corresponding to the standard limb leads was nearly isosceles, and usually, though not always, of the type in which the side corresponding to Lead I was shorter than the other two. When the input electrodes were to the left of the midline, the side of the triangle corresponding to Lead III, and when they were to the right of the midline, the side corresponding to Lead II, was the longest. When the Burger triangle is oblique, none of the standard or unipolar limb leads yield deflections proportional to either the horizontal or the vertical component of the electrical field. A method of finding two leads, one of which will record the variations of the first of these components, and one which will record the variations of the second, is described. The effect of varying the resistances in the arms of the central terminal upon its potential, and the possibility of reducing the potential variations of this terminal to zero, when the Burger triangle is not equilateral, are discussed. In a few experiments, the isopotential lines corresponding to the potential of one of the limb electrodes when the other two were connected to a source of low frequency current were plotted on the body surface. The three lines obtained in this way intersect at two points, one on the front and the other on the back of the chest.
Is Psychological Vulnerability Related to the Experience of Fraud in Older Adults

Financial exploitation, and particularly thefts and scams, are increasing at an alarming rate. In this study we (a) determined the national prevalence of older adults who report having been a victim of fraud, (b) created a population-based model for the prediction of fraud, and (c) examined how fraud is experienced by the most psychologically vulnerable older adults. The older adults studied were 4,400 participants in a Health and Retirement Study substudy, the 2008 Leave Behind Questionnaire. The prevalence of fraud across the previous 5 years was 4.5%. Among measures collected in 2002, age, education, and depression were significant predictors of fraud. Financial satisfaction and social-needs fulfillment were measured in 2008 and were significantly related to fraud above and beyond the 2002 predictors. Using depression and social-needs fulfillment to determine the most psychologically vulnerable older adults, we found that fraud prevalence was three times higher (14%) among those with the highest depression and the lowest social-needs fulfillment than among the rest of the sample (4.1%; χ2 = 20.49; p < .001). Clinical gerontologists and other professionals in the field need to be aware of their psychologically vulnerable clients heightened exposure to financial fraud.
Multicultural children's literature: through the eyes of many children

‘As the classrooms in US are composed of more diverse students, the need for multicultural literature becomes more apparent’ (Huang and Chen 2012, 134). Multicultural literature is a dominant tool ...
Moving a General Reference Course Online: Issues and Considerations

Migrating courses from a face-to-face to an online format is increasingly common as entire academic programs make the leap to online education to better accommodate distance learners. Redesigning a...
Modeling erosion and overbank deposition during extreme flood conditions on the Carson River, Nevada

Abstract The Carson River in west-central Nevada is one of the most mercury contaminated fluvial systems in North America. Most of its mercury is affiliated with channel bank material and floodplain deposits, with the movement of mercury through this system being highly dependent on sediment transport processes, particularly during overbank flows. To simulate these extreme situations, a United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) hydrodynamic model (RIVMOD) was modified to include the ‘divided channel approach’ to estimate floodplain depths and velocities. The RIVMOD code was also augmented to allow dynamic width increases in the channel. Calibrated bank erosion functions, developed for the US EPA water quality model (WASP5), suggest that bank erosion is significantly greater at flows above bankfull discharge when compared to flows confined to the main channel. Verification of the bank erosion model matched observed width increases in 7 out of 10 reaches, with general trends matched in two of the remaining three reaches. Results also indicate that a single major flood event is responsible for nearly 87% of the total mass eroded during the period from 1991 to 1997. Overbank deposition was modeled using separate functions for coarse suspended sediment and washload material. Overbank deposition results are also in good agreement with observed values.
An adaptive multiantenna transceiver for slowly flat fading channels

The paper proposes an adaptive multiantenna transceiver for narrowband reception. Blind channel tracking algorithms are developed to track the eigen directions of the channel directly instead of the channel itself. Two algorithms are proposed to track the column space of the channel at the receiver, based on the received data. One of the algorithms is free of any division operation, which is more favorable in practice. For the row space of the channel, two approaches are proposed as well. The first approach requires periodic feedback of the demodulated signal from the receiver back to the transmitter where it can make use of its knowledge on the prior transmitted symbols to estimate the row space. In the second approach, the estimation is done at the receiver based on the detected symbols, and the estimated row space is sent back to the transmitter. Adaptive resource allocation is also incorporated into the design.
Radial Parallax Binocular 3-D Imaging

A near real-time (1 video field delay) digital process has been developed which generates a stereoscopic motion picture from any single, moving imaging sensor. The single sensor three-dimensional imaging technique (SS3D)1 is unique in that it is the first demonstrated to provide binocular 3-D imagery from forward looking sensors, as well as side looking, down looking, and back looking. SS3D is compatible with all existing visually-coupled imaging sensor systems. It may, for instance, transform a 2-D pilotage support system to 3-D with the addition of off-the-shelf video memory and a binocular helmet mounted display. The process is controlled directly by a simple model based on binocular vision requirements and inertial navigation system (INS) outputs. Instead of displaying horizontal parallax only, as generated instantaneously by laterally separated cameras or previous single camera stereoscopic techniques, SS3D displays the full radial complement of disparities generated about the image focus of expansion (or contraction) over a variable time interval as the sensor platform moves, and frees the binocular observer from the normal stereo pair/interocular alignment requirement, making the technology applicable to low-G environments in which viewing alignment may be uncontrollable or continuously variable. Potential applications abound, including pilotage, remote control, visual simulation, surveillance (i.e., a stationary sensor plus SS3D becomes a motion indicator in depth), and entertainment.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of glucagon on dogs with acute and chronic heart block.

Abstract The effects of glucagon on dogs with-complete atrioventricular heart block (AVB) was investigated. Significant increases in atrial rate, ventricular rate, and cardiac output resulted from glucagon administration. This agumentation was found to be repetitive in dogs with chronic AVB. The early onset of action, duration of response, and relative lack of adverse effects would suggest that glucagon might be a valuable drug in the treatment of symptomatic heart block.
Endotoxin, zymosan, and cytokines decrease the expression of the transcription factor, carbohydrate response element binding protein, and its target genes:

Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a recently discovered transcription factor whose levels and activity are increased by glucose leading to the activation of target genes, which include acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and liver-type pyruvate kinase. Here, we demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment causes a marked decrease in ChREBP mRNA and protein levels in the liver of mice fed a normal chow diet or in mice fasted for 24 h and then re-fed a high carbohydrate diet. This decrease occurs rapidly and is a sensitive response (half-maximal dose 0.1 μg/mouse). The decrease in ChREBP is accompanied by a decrease in the expression of ChREBP target genes. Zymosan and turpentine treatment also decrease hepatic ChREBP levels and the expression of its target genes. Additionally, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) decrease liver ChREBP expression both in vivo and in Hep3B cells in culture. Finally, LPS decreased ChREBP expression in muscl...
An Electromyographic Study of Pneumatic Screwdriver Design

The costs of occupational injuries occurring due to the repetitive use of hand tools are large in terms of both dollars and pain and suffering. One of the most frequently used hand tools in industry is the vertical hanging screwdriver or nutdriver. Although the use of this tool has been related to wrist injuries such a carpal tunnel syndrome, there is very little known about the impact of tool design on such injuries. The paper presents a preliminary study that uses EMG to evaluate power screwdriver design parameters.
SU‐FF‐T‐86: Rapid (<15 Minutes) Automated Tangential Breast IMRT Treatment Planning With Cutplane Evaluation

Purpose: To develop an automated, dose-based IMRT planning technique for tangential breast irradiation and to introduce a novel technique for efficient plan evaluation in three-dimensions. Method and Materials: Patients were CT-simulated using an isocentric SAD technique with the medial and lateral tangents designed to encompass the breast tissue. The CT data and the beam information were transferred to the treatment planning system (TPS). The dose was then calculated for standard open equally weighted split beams. The planar dose rate matrix for a beams-eye-view plane was calculated and exported to a PC. An in-house program was developed to rescale this matrix and automatically create a series of dose-based MLC segments. Creation of the MLC segments took less than a minute. The MLC segments were imported back into the TPS where utilities were used to determine the optimal segment weights. An efficient plan evaluation tool was developed that presented the dose distributions in only three or less cutplanes parallel to the plane formed by the posterior beam border. The mathematical formalism for determining the cutplane orientation will be demonstrated. The planning and evaluation tools were tested on three representative case studies and compared to wedged tangent plans. To ensure unbiased comparison all plans were normalized to identical ICRU Reference Points. Results: The entire planning process, from CT import to plan completion, took approximately 15 minutes. For all cases studied the IMRT plans demonstrated superior coverage and dose homogeneity as determined by both isodose coverage and the ICRU Conformity Index. Cutplanes through the lung, mid breast, and apex were found to be the most clinically useful. Conclusion: The automated procedure is able to consistently produce optimized IMRT breast treatment plans within a few minutes. Isodose distributions in three cutplanes parallel to the posterior border are an effective tool for rapid plan evaluation.
Observation of unimolecular electrical rectification in hexadecylquinolinium tricyanoquinodimethanide

Abstract The macroscopic and the nanoscopic DC electrical current through Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) multilayers, and even through a monolayer of γ -( n -hexadecyl)quinolinium tricyanoquinodimethanide, C 16 H 33 Q-3CNQ ( 1 ) is asymmetric with voltage, and has a large component due to a transition from the ground-state zwitterion to a probably neutral excited-state conformer: the molecule is indubitably a rectifier of electrical current.
Observations and analyses of upper ocean responses to tropical storms and hurricanes in the vicinity of Bermuda

[1] A circular region within a radius of 400 km of Bermuda has been struck by 188 tropical storms or hurricanes from 1851 through 2005 and by 20 since 1995. Here we describe new direct and remote sensing observations and analyses of recent events near the Bermuda Testbed Mooring including Hurricane Fabian (2003), Tropical Storm Harvey (2005) and Hurricane Nate (2005). The most impressive upper ocean response of the recent events was produced by Hurricane Fabian when SST cooling exceeded 3.5°C, vertical mixing occurred to a depth of greater than 130 m, and upper ocean currents reached 100 cm s−1. Fabian also triggered an ocean color event visible in SeaWiFS satellite images. Related implications include improved estimates of the roles of tropical cyclones in driving meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and testing of hypotheses concerning warming of the tropical oceans which could cause more intense tropical storms and hurricanes.
Development geography and the third-world state

Soon after the third-world state was declared impotent, contradictory evidence pointing to the importance of state leadership in development in the Asian miracles came to the fore. This article, through a critical review of the literature, pushes this argument further and claims that geographers have much to contribute to the analysis of the state and its role in development. An appropriate framework for this kind of work is a marriage of radical political economy and certain strands of neo-Weberianism. We suggest that this conceptual union allows for broad theorizing of the capitalist state in the periphery while minding the institutional details of third-world states in particular regions and countries. This approach can help explain the differential performances of various third-world states within the confines of the world system. Thailand and Botswana are used as comparative cases to demonstrate the utility of this framework.
Frequency dependent kinetics of the cw CO2 laser induced reaction of CF3Br

Abstract Kinetics of the decomposition of CF 3 Br at 20 torr by a cw CO 2 laser have been studied over the range of laser frequencies 1043–1085 cm -1 . At constant translational temperature the change in the rate constant with laser frequency over the frequency range is a factor of 500, comparable to the effect previously observed in CF 2 ClCF 2 Cl and CF 3 CF 2 Cl. Arrhenius plots show an activation energy of 64.9 kcal/mole, independent of frequency. The laser induced optical absorption of CF 3 Br exhibits a hysteresis effect at the lower laser frequencies.