cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An experimental comparison of two Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) values exercises to increase values-oriented behavior

Abstract In Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), identifying values is central to effective treatment. Therapeutic values exercises have generally focused on the identification of core values. However, some values exercises include the additional step of asking clients to rate how closely their behaviors match their values. The effectiveness of this additional step is unknown. This online study compared the effectiveness of two values exercises with a control condition. Participants (N = 314) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: 1) basic values identification (Values), 2) Values plus rating one's values-behavior consistency (VBC), or 3) control condition. In both values exercises, participants wrote about a chosen value and then rated the importance of charity-related values. VBC participants additionally rated how closely their recent behavior matched their values. Control participants wrote about time management practices. All participants then had the opportunity to donate some of their study earnings to charities. Both the Values and VBC conditions increased the likelihood participants would donate to charity compared to the control condition (b = 0.51, p = .02; and b = 0.55, p = .01 respectively). However, the amount donated by participants in the two values conditions did not differ. Additional research is needed to clarify best practices in values work.
Making a Case for Green High-Performance Visualization Via Embedded Graphics Processors

This paper makes a case for using low-power embedded GPUs for the purpose of executing high-performance scientific visualization tasks. We compare the greenness (i.e., power, energy, and energy-delay product) of an embedded GPU with a CPU for commonly encountered visualization tasks using two real-world applications: (1) Modeling for Prediction Across Scale – Ocean (MPAS-O) and (2) Particular Ensembles (PE). Our preliminary results show that the low-power embedded GPU is capable of handling complex visualization tasks while consuming less than 50% of the energy consumed by a CPU server. In addition, we find that the embedded GPU outperforms the CPU with dynamic voltage-frequency scaling (DVFS) enabled in a majority of the cases.
Adsorption of Br2 onto Small Au Nanoclusters

Au nanoclusters grown on SiO2 by physical vapor deposition are exposed to Br2 and then measured with 1.5 keV Na+ low energy ion scattering. It is found that the clusters are able to dissociate the molecules, which then adsorb as individual Br atoms, but Br2 does not stick to the bare substrate nor to bulk Au. Adsorption is the first step in any surface chemical reaction, and this result shows how nanoclusters can induce adsorption of species that otherwise do not stick. Results from the literature indicate that catalysis involving nanoclusters occurs at the edges and that the edge atoms are positively charged. This information in conjunction with the ion scattering results lead to the conclusion that the Br adatoms are negatively charged and ionically bonded at the edges of the clusters. Br2 is also a known catalytic poison and this work shows how its adsorption blocks sites that would otherwise be involved in nanocatalysis.
Clinical Reasoning in Physical Therapy: A Concept Analysis

Background Physical therapy, along with most health professions, struggles to describe clinical reasoning, despite it being a vital skill in effective patient care. This lack of a unified conceptualization of clinical reasoning leads to variable and inconsistent teaching, assessment, and research. Objective The objective was to conceptualize a broad description of physical therapists' clinical reasoning grounded in the published literature and to unify understanding for future work related to teaching, assessment, and research. Design/methods The design included a systematic concept analysis using Rodgers' evolutionary methodology. A concept analysis is a research methodology in which a concept's characteristics and the relation between features of the concept are clarified. Results Based on findings in the literature, clinical reasoning in physical therapy was conceptualized as integrating cognitive, psychomotor, and affective skills. It is contextual in nature and involves both therapist and client perspectives. It is adaptive, iterative, and collaborative with the intended outcome being a biopsychosocial approach to patient/client management. Limitations Although a comprehensive approach was intended, it is possible that the search methods or reduction of the literature were incomplete or key sources were mistakenly excluded. Conclusions A description of clinical reasoning in physical therapy was conceptualized, as it currently exists in representative literature. The intent is for it to contribute to the unification of an understanding of how clinical reasoning has been conceptualized to date by practitioners, academicians, and clinical educators. Substantial work remains to further develop the concept of clinical reasoning for physical therapy, including the role of movement in our reasoning in practice.
Adaptation to diversity: Individual and societal processes.

With the historic rise in global migration in recent decades and the dispersion of diverse groups into new communities worldwide, greater levels of contact are occurring between social groups than ever before. It is in this context that Ramos et al. (1) rightfully note the potential for humans to adapt to—and thrive in—diverse environments, and usefully suggest that our natural inclination toward homophily may be “less compatible with the social diversity typical of modern societies.” In a compelling manner, the authors employ different time scales in their analysis to illustrate how people and societies adapt to social diversity over time. They show that, in the short term, societal diversity is not directly linked to contact between groups, although it is associated with lower levels of trust; but over the long term, increasingly diverse societies can propel contact between groups, which corresponds with greater levels of trust. This process of adaptation can only be observed through comparing models across different time scales, enhancing our recognition of dynamic processes that occur in diversifying societies that continue to change over time. As such, Ramos et al. highlight that not only do people and societies need time to adapt as they change, but we, as researchers, must be attuned to and inclined to measure these changes to have more thorough and accurate understandings of societal transformations. Considerable research suggests that analogous processes occur at the individual level. We may initially be inclined toward suspicion, uncertainty, or animosity in relation to other groups, yet these tendencies can change through greater contact with other groups (2, 3). Such shifts have been noted in numerous cross-sectional studies (4) and, increasingly, in longitudinal studies that examine contact effects over time (5). Multisession experimental studies where people are randomly assigned to interact with a cross-ethnic or same-ethnic partner … [↵][1]1Email: tropp{at}psych.umass.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Comparison of whole body sagittal alignment during directed vs natural, relaxed standing postures in young, healthy adults.

Abstract BACKGROUND CONTEXT Imaging for adult spinal deformity is conventionally performed in a directed manner to assess the most upright standing posture one can assume. However, this method does not reflect an individual's natural, relaxed posture, which is the posture a patient likely reverts to postoperatively, and also the posture likely to explain spinal pathologies. PURPOSE To identify radiographic differences between directed and natural, relaxed standing postures in young healthy subjects. STUDY DESIGN A randomized, prospective, radiographic study. PATIENT SAMPLE Sixty healthy 21-year-old subjects (48 male, 12 female). OUTCOME MEASURES Radiographic parameters including sagittal vertical axis (SVA), C2 SVA, C2–7 SVA global cervical angle, T1-slope, global thoracic angle (GTA), thoracolumbar angle (TLA), global lumbar angle (GLA), sacral slope, pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence, femoral alignment angle (FAA), and knee alignment angle (KAA). METHODS The EOS whole body radiographs of patients in directed and natural, relaxed standing postures were obtained, with subsequent comparison of radiographic parameters. Differences in Roussouly curve types, sagittal curve apices, and end vertebrae were also evaluated. Univariate analyses using Wilcoxon sign-rank, paired t tests, and paired chi-square tests were performed. RESULTS Compared with directed standing, natural, relaxed standing results in a more kyphotic spinal profile marked by a significantly less lordotic GLA, larger GTA, TLA, and T1-slope. The PT+FAA demonstrated true hip movement during sagittal balancing. Lower thoracic and lumbar apices, lower thoracolumbar end vertebrae, and lower Roussouly curve types were observed during natural, relaxed standing. CONCLUSIONS Our study found significant differences in sagittal radiographic parameters between directed standing and the natural, relaxed standing posture, with the latter demonstrating a more kyphotic spinal profile in terms of magnitude and span, as well as complementary changes in cervical and spinopelvic alignment. The natural, relaxed standing posture, a marker for energy conservation principles in standing, may infer value in less aggressive lordotic restoration, as well as concentration of lordosis in the lower lumbar spine.
Surgical techniques for deceased donor pancreas transplantation

Abstract The technical aspects of pancreas transplantation are both challenging and complex. From the first clinical pancreas transplant in 1966 by Kelly and Lillehei at the University of Minnesota over the first segmental living donor pancreas transplant in 1979 to robotically performed pancreas transplants in the current era, pancreas transplantation has evolved with many technical modifications over the past 50 years at a steep pace. While 1-year mortality rates in the first two decades were as high as 30% and 1-year graft failure rates as high as 80%, current 1-year mortality rates are
Prevalence of Risk Factors for Hospital-Acquired Venous Thromboembolism in Neurosurgery and Orthopedic Spine Surgery Patients

ABSTRACT Background Hospital-acquired venous thromboembolisms (HA-VTE) are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in spine surgery patients. The purpose of this study was to review HA-VTE rates at our institution and evaluate the prevalence of known risk factors in patients who developed HA-VTE among both neurosurgical and orthopedic spine surgeries. Methods Retrospective chart reviews were conducted of all spine surgery patients from January 1, 2013, to July 31, 2017, to evaluate rates of HA-VTE and prevalence of known HA-VTE risk factors among these patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for categorical variables and independent Student t test for continuous variables were utilized with significance set at P Results The overall HA-VTE rate was 0.94% (0.61% orthopedic, 1.87% neurosurgery). Patients with VTEs had higher rates of thoracic procedure (P = .002), posterior approach (P = .001), diagnosis of fracture (P = .013) or flatback syndrome (P = .028), neurosurgery division (P 60 (80% vs 50%, P Conclusions The overall HA-VTE rate at our institution was 0.94% (0.61% orthopedic, 1.87% neurosurgery). In patients who sustained VTE, neurosurgical patients had higher rates of active cancer and age >60 years, and orthopedic patients had higher EBL and rates of anterior-posterior surgery. This highlights the different patient populations between the 2 departments and the need for individualized thromboprophylaxis regimens. Level of Evidence 4.
Metrology for advanced transistor and memristor devices and materials

As scaling becomes more challenging, new approaches to transistor design, new materials, and new devices are all being explored. Advanced transistor designs such as vertically stacked nanowire and nanosheet FETs (NW/NS FETs) provide a pathway to sub-10 nm devices. Ferroelectric High κ enables extension of FinFET and NW/NS FETs as well as providing a potential dielectric for memristive devices, including RRAM and ferroelectric tunnel junctions. NW/NS FETs provide a significant challenge for both processing and process control due to the geometries associated with their 3D structure. Increasing computational power will ultimately require more than scaling, however. Neuromorphic (brain like) computing and non-Von Neumann computing architectures are now being explored as alternative options for increasing computation capability. To develop efficient neuromorphic and non-Von Neumann hardware, new devices and materials integration strategies are required. This paper provides an overview of advanced NW/NS transistors and new memristor devices and materials and their characterization and metrology.
IF YOU DON’THINK OF IT YOU’LL MISS IT, A RARE CAUSE OF ACS

SCAD is regarded as an atypical etiology for ACS and sudden cardiac death. Observed in patients without cardiovascular risks, and diagnosis often made through cardiac angiography. Birth control pills, inflammation, connective tissue disorders and peripartum period are risks for SCAD. We describe a
Impact of Automated Targeted Medication Review Electronic Alerts to Reduce Potentially Inappropriate Medication Prescribing Among Medicare Enrolled Patients With Dementia

Background: Background:Finding ways to reduce prescribing of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) among patients with dementia is necessary. Objectives: To evaluate an automated targeted me...
Geographic Clustering of Corruption in the United States

We test the hypothesis that US corporations headquartered in states with greater public corruption are also prone to more unethical behavior when operating abroad. We exploit passage of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) that curtailed bribery of foreign officials and find firms in corrupt states, especially those exporting to more corrupt countries, suffer greater performance decline following FCPA, suggesting larger loss from anticipated bribery restrictions. Controlling for industry, firms in corrupt states are more likely to be targets of FCPA enforcement actions. They are also more likely to have paid foreign bribes, as disclosed during pre-FCPA investigations.
Clinical and School Identification and Intervention for Youth with ASD: Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Interdisciplinary Considerations

Despite dramatic demographic changes over the past five decades specifically, culturally and lingustically diverse (CLD) children are more likely to receive delayed diagnosis and misidentification of ASD as well as experience significant barriers to obtaining ASD services in general. Delays in ASD identification or intervention provision can negatively impact future outcomes and may indicate that professionals are missing important cultural or linguistic considerations when providing services to CLD children and families. Strong interdisciplinary care practices can improve the outcomes of CLD children and their families with ASD. This chapter presents the challenges and successes to the facilitation of interdisciplinary care among CLD children. As services for ASD most often occur in clinical and school-based settings, the chapter will focus on both settings. Recommendations for culturally and linguistically responsive interdisciplinary care for children with ASD are provided.
Tracking Technostress: A Task Interruption of Data Entry Study

The prevalence of information systems and the resulting increase in continuous notifications have blurred the lines of work and leisure, resulting in increased stress. These changes in the work environment have had detrimental effects on workers ability to sustain attention and remain productive. Despite academic interest in both IT-mediated interruptions and technostress, there has been little research on the juncture of both of these while also utilizing eye tracking. We propose an experimental design on a sampling of undergraduate students in order to study the relationship of IT-mediated interruptions on task performance and the moderating effect of technostress on this relationship. In addition to we will utilize eyetracking (pupillary dilation and gaze duration) to tie the level of IT-mediated interruptions to cognitive resources in low and high technostress individuals.
Objective comparison of errors and report length between structured and freeform abdominopelvic computed tomography reports.

To objectively compare structured and freeform abdominopelvic CT reports based on the number and types of errors as well as report length. 90 structured and 89 freeform reports from abdominopelvic CT scans with IV contrast obtained for the indication of abdominal pain were randomly selected for review. Each report was reviewed for errors, which were counted and categorized based on the type of error. The total number of words in each report was tallied. 105 total errors were found in the structured reports, compared to 157 total errors in freeform reports. There were 1.16 errors per structured report and 1.76 errors per freeform report (p < 0.001). 48% of structured reports contained at least one error, while 71% of freeform reports contained at least one error (p = 0.002). When a difference existed between the styles with regard to error categories, more errors were observed in freeform reports, with the exception of the duplicated period error where structured reports had more errors. No difference on the basis of average words per report existed, with 219.2 words per report for each reporting style. The use of structured reporting for abdominopelvic CT results in less errors in the report when compared to freeform reporting, potentially reducing clinically significant adverse outcomes in patient care. The report length on the basis of number of words per report is not different between the two reporting styles.
A comparison of provider perspectives on cultural competency training: A mixed methods study.

Abstract Background We aimed to identify differences in training among colorectal cancer physicians and advanced practice providers with high and low cultural competency Methods Using explanatory sequential mixed methods, we surveyed providers and dichotomized into high and low cultural competency (CC) groups, conducted qualitative interviews, and analyzed verbatim transcripts using deductive and inductive codes to compared findings across groups using a joint display. Results Fifty-four of 92 providers (59%) responded; 10 respondents from each group (20/36 invited) completed semi-structured interviews about previous CC trainings. Low CC providers’ training included explanations of cultural differences that, in practice, improved awareness and utilization of communication tools, but they also desired decision-making tools and cultural exposure. High CC providers’ training included action-oriented toolkits. In practice, they admitted failures, improved communication, and attributed patient behaviors to external factors. High CC providers desired performance evaluations. Conclusions Behaviorally-oriented CC training offered a robust foundation for culturally competent care.
A Collaborative Multimedia Project Model for Online Graduate Students Supported by On-Campus Undergraduate Students.

This descriptive narrative depicts an academic program that deploys a collaborative project model for delivering concurrent multimedia courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Applying thi...
Species Interactions with Quackgrass and Their Effects on Forage Production

Quackgrass [Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski] (QG) is a troublesome weed in row crop production but has some ideal forage characteristics for pastures. The competitive interactions of QG with other forage species under varying defoliation frequencies are not clearly understood. Our objective was to determine the competitiveness of QG with orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) (ORG) and/or white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (WC) under 2- or 6-wk cutting frequencies. Two replacement series experiments were conducted in a greenhouse between January and November 2002. Proportional mixtures (100:0, 33:66, 66:33, and 0:100) of QG:ORG and QG:WC, and a 33:33:33 mixture of all three species were established by planting tillers, rhizome shoots, or rooted stolons from ORG, QG, and WC, respectively. Results were similar across duplicate experiments so data were combined for the analysis. Yield for the 6-wk cutting frequency was almost twice that of the 2-wk cutting frequency (P ≤ 0.05). No yield differences (P > 0.05) were found among the QG:ORG mixtures at the 6-wk cuttings. A quadratic response (P ≤ 0.05) for the QG:WC mixtures under the 6-wk cutting frequency showed 23% greater yield from the two QG:WC mixtures than WC or QG monocultures. Yield of species mixtures did not differ significantly at the 2-wk cutting frequency. We concluded that QG was a productive forage species that yielded best when grown with a complementary species (i.e., WC) rather than with a species likely to compete directly for the same resources (i.e., ORG).
GUEST EDITORS' COMMENTS: The Challenge of Rural School Psychology

(1985). GUEST EDITORS' COMMENTS: The Challenge of Rural School Psychology. School Psychology Review: Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 400-401.
Behavior of the Fused Quartz Suspended Core Acoustic Waveguide Sensor in Gamma Radiation

Previously, a fused-quartz acoustic waveguide named the suspended core waveguide with tight-field confinement in a small diameter was developed and its sensing potential in harsh environment was demonstrated with the fabricated periodic acoustic fiber Bragg grating. In this paper, the acoustic sensor was exposed to around 70 Gy/h gamma radiation at room temperature for 3550 h at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For comparisons, a thermocouple and two optical fiber Bragg gratings were tested under the same conditions. The central frequency reading of the acoustic sensor was found to encounter a relatively fast decrease of 0.5 kHz in the first 800 hours. The reading then became stable, centering at 478.5 kHz with a fluctuation of ±0.2 kHz, and responded to small environmental temperature variations less than 1.2 °C. The major effect to the fluctuation was concluded to be radiation-induced material compaction and expansion. For optical fiber Bragg gratings, the same one-directional fast change of readings in the first 500 hours were observed as well. Although the optical gratings were able to track temperature changes, they also showed continuous drifts. The survivability and consistency of the acoustic sensor under long-term gamma radiation could lead to new sensing methods in nuclear applications.
Evaluation of diverse biochemical stimulants to enhance growth, lipid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production of Aurantiochytrium Sp. ATCC PRA-276

Abstract In the current investigation, the efficacy of five different biochemical stimulants; 2-phenylacetic acid (PAA), humic acid (HA), spermidine (SPD), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), and ferric chlorides (FC), as potential stimulant in augmenting the growth/biomass, lipid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production of Aurantiochytrium sp. ATCC PRA-276 were elucidated. After 120 h of cultivation, the individual supplementation of PAA, HA, SPD, 1-MCP, and FC, elevates the biomass, total lipid and DHA production of Aurantiochytrium sp. ATCC PRA-276 by 32%–76%, 23%–34%, and 53%–86% in comparison to the control, respectively. The highest biomass and DHA productivities was observed with the supplementation of PAA and FC achieving 76% and 67% and 86% and 66%, compared to the control, respectively. PAA supplementation may have increased biomass production by reducing the lag period and extending the log phase. While only a marginal increment on biomass and DHA contents of Aurantiochytrium sp. ATCC PRA-276 was observed with the supplementation of 1-MCP. This study suggests the potential application of biochemical stimulants for improved growth, lipid and DHA productivities of Aurantiochytrium sp. ATCC PRA-276.
The Moderating Effects of Organizational Publicness on Determinants of the U.S. Federal Employee’s Job Satisfaction

This study draws on the organizational publicness scholarship to propose that although both executive departments and independent agencies collectively are part of the federal bureaucracy, executive departments have higher organizational publicness that affects their organizational processes and employee’s job satisfaction. Analyses of federal employee viewpoint survey indicate that executive departments directly affect job satisfaction and moderate work unit quality, supervisor quality, and leadership quality's effect on job satisfaction. Public organizations' effects on job satisfaction are more nuanced than the existing scholarship suggests. Where constitutional norms allow, public organizations should promote the independent powers of work units' leaders.
Trump’s lasting impact on the federal judiciary

Over a single term in office, President Donald Trump appointed three justices to the U.S. Supreme Court, 54 United States Circuit Court of Appeals judges, and 174 federal District Court judges. Tho...
Battery absorbs heat during charging uncovered by ultra-sensitive thermometry

Abstract The reversible heat in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to entropy change is fundamentally important for understanding the chemical reactions in LIBs and developing proper thermal management strategies. However, the direct measurements of reversible heat are challenging due to the limited temperature resolution of applied thermometry. In this work, by developing an ultra-sensitive thermometry with a differential AC bridge using two thermistors, the noise-equivalent temperature resolution we achieve (±10 μK) is several orders of magnitude higher than previous thermometry applied on LIBs. We directly observe reversible heat absorption of a LIR2032 coin cell during charging with negligible irreversible heat generation and a linear relation between heat generations and currents. The cell entropy changes determined from the reversible heat provide the first verification of the approach of temperature dependent open circuit voltage. Moreover, it is found that the large reversible entropy change can cancel out the irreversible entropy generation at a charging rate as large as C/3.7 and produce a zero-heat-dissipation battery during charging. Our work significantly contributes to fundamental understanding of the entropy changes and heat generations of the chemical reactions in LIBs, and reveals that reversible heat absorption can be an effective way to cool LIBs during charging.
New ZVS analysis of PWM converters applied to super-junction, GaN and SiC power FETs

High efficiency and power density conversion requires minimizing switching losses associated with power FET Coss recharging. Experiments show significant differences between small-signal based Coss data provided in datasheets versus large signal switching behavior of FETs for new Si super-junction, SiC and GaN technologies. Thus, better accuracy Coss models for switching losses are suggested and new analytical ZVS conditions established for popular PWM converter topologies allowing meet efficiency goals at wide operating range.
The Performance of Nobility in Early Modern European Literature

Acknowledgments 1. Introduction: 'The Noble Hart' 2. Montaigne and the staging of the self 3. Mask and error in Francis Bacon 4. Noble Romans: Corneille and the theatre of aristocratic revolt 5. La Bruyere and the end of the theatre of nobility Notes Bibliography Index.
Electrospun molecular sieve fibers and composites

Abstract We have developed a novel method for the preparation of mesoporous molecular sieve fibers by electrospinning deposition. Non-woven fibers of all silica DAM-1 and SBA-15 as well as the TiO2, In(SnO2) and Nb2O5 analogs have been prepared by electrospinning. This involves subjecting a syringe charged with a precursor gel to 20 kV over a distance of 23 cm, which results in jet of molecular sieve fibers. Additionally, a mesh of polymer and molecular sieve fibers have been electrospun using multiple syringes. An unusual mesopore structure is observed where well ordered grains a re randomly oriented along the fiber. In some cases such as for PEI/SBA-15, free standing molecular sieve paper can generated.
Nitrate Reductase Complex of Escherichia coli K-12: Isolation and Characterization of Mutants Unable to Reduce Nitrate

Thirty-eight mutants unable to reduce nitrate were isolated from Escherichia coli and characterized biochemically and genetically. All of the mutants exhibited reduced or insignificant levels of formate dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase, or various combinations of these activities and cytochrome b(1) under conditions which resulted in the production of high levels of these activities by the wild-type parental strains. Most of the mutants reverted readily to wild type, and all mapped within a restricted region on the chromosome linked to the tryptophan genes. It was proposed that nitrate reduction in E. coli was catalyzed exclusively by an organized complex containing formate dehydrogenase, cytochrome b(1), and nitrate reductase.
A calibration procedure for microscopic traffic simulation

Simulation modeling is an increasingly popular and effective tool for analyzing transportation problems that are not amendable to study by other means. For any simulation study, model calibration is a crucial step to obtaining any results from analysis. This paper presents a systematic, multistage calibration and validation procedure for microscopic simulation models. The procedure is demonstrated in a calibration study with a corridor network in the southern California. The model validation results for the study network are also summarized.
Angular and Direction-Polarization Correlation for Co 60 , Cs 134 , and Sb 124

Using the experimental techniques of Metzger and Deutsch the gamma-gamma angular and direction-polarization correlations have been measured for ${\mathrm{Co}}^{60}$, ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{134}$ and ${\mathrm{Sb}}^{124}$. The reliable results of previous investigations were confirmed for ${\mathrm{Co}}^{60}$ and served to check the instrument. The direction-polarization of ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{134}$ is consistent with a 4-2-0; $\mathrm{EQ}$,$\mathrm{EQ}$ spin assignment. The absence of gamma-gamma angular and direction-polarization correlation in ${\mathrm{Sb}}^{124}$ requires a multipole mixture for the upper transition and a 3-2-0 spin assignment to the levels involved in the gamma-gamma transitions with no parity changes. The beta-gamma angular and direction-polarization correlation in ${\mathrm{Sb}}^{124}$ agrees with the 3-2-0 spin assignments for the levels of the beta-gamma transitions and with an $\mathrm{EQ}$ gamma.
Chpater 12 – Underbalanced Drilling

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses underbalanced drilling operations, which require that the bottomhole annulus pressure during circulation of the drilling fluid be maintained at a magnitude that is less that the static bottomhole pore pressure of the reservoir producing pressure. When underbalanced conditions are maintained during drilling or completions, reservoir fluids enter the well bore and are carried out as the drilling fluids are circulated through the well. Underbalanced drilling and completions operations are restricted to mature sedimentary basins. Conventional drilling operations are either balanced or overbalanced. These operations require that the circulating fluid exert bottom hole pressures that are equal to or greater than the fluid pore pressure of the reservoir. Low head drilling is the most utilized conventional drilling technique. In underbalanced drilling operations the primary control barriers that restrain the reservoir fluid from flowing to the surface are the RCH, the blooey line, and so on. These primary control barriers restrict the flow of the reservoir fluids that are entrained in the annulus flow of the circulating drilling fluid. The secondary control barrier in these operations is also the mechanical BOP. Underbalanced drilling allows the bottom hole pressure to always remain below the pore pressure of the producing reservoir. A number of drilling fluid types that can be used in underbalanced drilling operations are: conventional drilling muds, gasified drilling fluids, stable foam drilling fluids, unstable foam fluids, and air and gas drilling fluids.
Rapid detection of the C-1496G polymorphism in the CYP2D6 *2 allele.

The CYP2D6 gene, encoding debrisoquine hydroxylase, is involved in the metabolism of a large number of medications (1). Recently, Raimundo et al. (2) described a C−1496G polymorphism in the promoter region of the CYP2D6 *2 allele that has a strong effect on debrisoquine metabolic phenotype when present in combination with a null allele. The *2 allele is the most common allele encoding intermediate debrisoquine hydroxylase activity in Caucasians (3), but to date, substantial variability among *2 carriers in metabolic activity has been reported. To accurately predict debrisoquine phenotype from CYP2D6 genotype in *2 carriers, determining C−1496G genotype will be necessary. We sought to develop a rapid, high-throughput genotyping assay for the CYP2D6 C−1496G promoter polymorphism described by Raimundo et al. (2). Because no available restriction enzyme differentially digests the polymorphic site (4), we introduced a Bsr I restriction site (actggn∧) into the amplicon using a forward primer with a 3′ single-nucleotide mismatch (underlined and in bold). The primers 2D6–1496F [gcctggacaacttggaagaac t ; modified from the forward primer upf14 described by Raimundo et al. (2)] and 2D6–1496R3 (gtgccaccacgtctagcttt) (5) amplify a 203-bp amplicon. The following were mixed with 1 μL of genomic DNA at 0.23–1.1 μg/μL (extracted from whole blood using a Gentra reagent set) in a total volume of 25 μL: 2.5 μL of 10× PCR buffer (Applied Biosystems); 0.5 μL of 10 mM dNTP (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech); 0.1 …
Between-Worker Variability in Output Under Piece-Rate Versus Hourly Pay Systems

This study re-examined the earlier conclusion by F. Schmidt and J. Hunter (1983) that incentive pay reduces between-worker differences in output, based on their finding that the standard deviation of employee output as a percentage of mean output (SDp) is smaller under piece-rate compensation than under hourly pay. Results of the present study indicate that while the average observed SDp is larger under hourly conditions, this difference disappears after correcting for unreliability in the output measures. It appears that the difference in mean observed SDp values is due to the fact that there is more measurement error in measures of output for employees working under nonincentive-based compensation conditions. This finding suggests that incentive pay may reduce random response variability in employee output but does not reduce differences between employees in work effort and motivation. This finding also suggests that type of compensation system does not affect the percentage output increases produced through improved selection. These findings have implications for theories of job performance.
Separation of elastic waves in split Hopkinson bars using one-point strain measurements

A method for the analysis of elastic waves in split Hopkinson bars for unlimited time durations is presented. This method allows the separation of component waves traveling in opposite directions in each bar using the strain history measured at one point on the bar and a known end condition for it. The method extends the time period for which valid experimental data can be extracted for a split Hopkinson bar apparatus and eliminates the need for a second independent measurement of the stress waves required in other methods for such extended analyses. Comparisons with the two-point method, which requires two independent strain measurements, show good agreement between the two methods. The accuracy and feasibility of the method are demonstrated through its application to impact experiments on composite laminates. The use of the current method in determining the response of a fiber-reinforced composite laminate under impact loading is described.
Distribution and genetic basis of arginine kinase in wild type and flightless mutants of Drosophila melanogaster

Arginine kinase (AK) activity in Drosophila melanogaster has been localized to specific tissues, traced through developmental stages, and inferred to be the product of a single gene. AK is most abundant in muscle, particularly in larval and adult body-wall muscle and digestive tract, and in adult indirect flight muscle (IFM) and legs. Low but detectable levels are present in larval imaginal discs, brain, salivary glands, and adult head and reproductive tract. Electrophoretic analysies of a series of developmental stages, as well as prepupal and adult tissues, show only one cytoplasmic isozyme. Since an allozymic variant has the same altered electrophoretic mobility in all stages and tissues, a single structural gene is inferred for AK. A variety of flightless mutants were compared to wild type in regard to AK activity and distribution.
Marketing as a Problem for Farm Demonstrators

Clearly marketing is one of the most difficult problems confronting the farmer. It will continue to be difficult for years to come, and in all probability will never be entirely settled. One explanation of the difficulty is the fact of the human relationships involved. When any worker on the production side of agriculture goes out to fight for humanity against the leaf hoppers or the San Jose scale, he is cheered on the occasion of every success and encouraged in every effort. All society is against the San Jose scale. In the marketing world the offenders are human beings, with the same rights as the rest of us. It may happen that the supposed offenders are as efficient and honest as the people who criticize them. Even so, the system in which they are involved may need change. It may be imperative that a change be made, and the very fact of a change may hurt certain individuals. These individuals and their friends will not welcome the innovation. During these times of high prices the middleman comes in for a new scrutiny. His margins are the subject of suspicion. The justifica tion of his very existence in the capacity of a merchant is questioned. The concern of those interested in marketing is whether the market ing machinery is reasonably well adapted to the work it has to do, and the manner in which it operates. We might take up much time with the history of marketing, but it will be necessary to pass over this very interesting phase of the sub ject with a few words. The marketing problem is new because it is but a relatively short time back to the self-sufficing farm and the neighborhood when farm produce, with few exceptions, was able to make its way into the national and world markets. For years after farmers were producing for the great markets they were completely out of touch with the forces governing such markets. Following the Civil War the center of production moved toward the west more rapidly than the center of population. Within a few years production outgrew its markets. Corn was worth five to twenty cents a bushel, oats about the same, and wheat fell below a half dollar locally in many districts. Transportation systems were new and badly planned from the standpoint of economy, with the result that 194
Routing L-Shaped Channels in Nonslicing-Structure Placement

The concept of L-shaped channels was first introduced in RRDO [1] to generate a feasible routing order for nonslicing-structure placement in building-block layout design. This paper presents two approaches for the L-shaped channel-routing problem. In the Manhattan approach, only horizontal and vertical wires are used. The L-shaped channel is divided into two subchannels. The vertical subchannel will be routed first, then the horizontal subchannel will be routed by a special channel router which can handle fixed terminals on 3 sides. Since the routing constraints will change during the boundary movement, several iterations may be needed to complete the routing. In the non-Manhattan approach, 45 ° wires are used to preserve the routing constraints when the boundary is moved in the 45 ° direction. With all the vertical constraints substituted by 45 ° constraints, the L-shaped channel-routing problem can be directly mapped into the straight-type channel-routing problem. Horizontal or vertical extension wires are used to connect terminals on an indented boundary and to separate terminals which are too close to allow the generation of 45 ° wires. Experimental results show that both approaches provide good solutions to the L-shaped channel-routing problem.
Combined cooling, heating and power: A review of performance improvement and optimization

Abstract This paper presents a review on combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems. This work summarizes the methods used to perform energetic and exergetic analyses, system optimization, performance improvement studies, and development and analysis of CCHP systems, as reported in existing literature. In addition, this work highlights the most current research and emerging trends in CCHP technologies. It is envisioned that the information collected in this review paper will be a valuable source of information, for researchers, designers, and engineers, and provides direction and guidance for future research in CCHP technology.
The Effects of Geometry and Static Boundary Conditions on Microvessel Outgrowth in a 3D Model of Angiogenesis

We reported previously that, in addition to mechanical strain, a constrained boundary condition alone can alter the organization of microvessel outgrowth during in vitro angiogenesis [1]. After 6 days of culture in vitro, microvessels aligned parallel to the long axis of rectangular 3D collagen gels that had constrained edges on the ends. However, unconstrained cultures did not show any alignment of microvessels. The ability to direct microvessel outgrowth during angiogenesis has significant implications for engineering prevascularized grafts and tissues in vitro, therefore an understanding of this process is important. Since there is direct relationship between the ability of endothelial cells to contract 3D gels and matrix stiffness [2], we hypothesize that some constrained boundary conditions will increase the apparent matrix stiffness and in turn will limit gel contraction, prevent microvessel alignment, and reduce microvessel outgrowth. The objective of this study was to compare microvessel growth and alignment under several different static boundary conditions.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The Average Mutual Information Profile as a Genomic Signature

Occult organizational structures in DNA sequences may hold the key to understanding functional and evolutionary aspects of the DNA molecule. Such structures can also provide the means for identifying and discriminating organisms using genomic data. Species specific genomic signatures are useful in a variety of contexts such as evolutionary analysis, assembly and classification of genomic sequences from large uncultivated microbial communities and a rapid identification system in health hazard situations. We have analyzed genomic sequences of eukaryotic and prokaryotic chromosomes as well as various subtypes of viruses using an information theoretic framework. We confirm the existence of a species specific average mutual information (AMI) profile. We use these profiles to define a very simple, computationally efficient, alignment free, distance measure that reflects the evolutionary relationships between genomic sequences. We use this distance measure to classify chromosomes according to species of origin, to separate and cluster subtypes of the HIV-1 virus, and classify DNA fragments to species of origin. AMI profiles of DNA sequences prove to be species specific and easy to compute. The structure of AMI profiles are conserved, even in short subsequences of a species' genome, rendering a pervasive signature. This signature can be used to classify relatively short DNA fragments to species of origin.
Student commitment and purpose in a private secondary school

Research on public education often concludes that low achievement is partly caused by a lack of student commitment to an educational goal. This study investigates the sense of academic purpose among students in a private secondary school where all graduates go to college, and explores the mechanisms of student commitment built into the social organization of the school. Results show that educational commitment among students develops from intensive face-to-face interaction in a primary community, the sense of history and tradition resulting from continuity in students' educational experiences, and the substantial power students have over their own school lives. These results add qualitative information to the debate over differences between public and private education, and suggest ways to improve public schools.
Mechanisms of white matter change induced by meditation training

Training can induce changes in specific brain networks and changes in brain state. In both cases it has been found that the efficiency of white matter as measured by diffusion tensor imaging is increased, often after only a few hours of training. In this paper we consider a plausible molecular mechanism for how state change produced by meditation might lead to white matter change. According to this hypothesis frontal theta induced by meditation produces a molecular cascade that increases myelin and improves connectivity.
Effects of Manipulative Materials in Mathematics Instruction

Using meta-analysis, the results of 60 studies were combined to determine the effectiveness of mathematics instruction with manipulative materials. Students ranged in age from kindergarteners to college-age adults and studied a variety of mathematics topics. Results showed that mathematics achievement is increased through the long-term use of concrete instructional materials and that students' attitudes toward mathematics are improved when they have instruction with concrete materials provided by teachers knowledgeable about their use. Instruction with pictures and diagrams did not appear to differ in effectiveness from instruction with symbols.
Reconstitution of DNA Synthetic Capacity in Senescent Normal Human Fibroblasts by Expressing Cellular Factors E2F and Mdm2

Abstract Unraveling the mechanisms underlying cellular senescence will contribute to the understanding of processes involved in aging and cancer. We sought to determine whether expression of cellular factors in senescent WI-38 human fibroblasts was sufficient to induce nuclear DNA synthesis. Expression by recombinant adenovirus of E2F1, E2F2, E2F3, cyclin E/cdk2, and Mdm2 individually resulted in DNA synthesis in 10–30% of cells. However, combination of Mdm2 with E2F or cyclin E/cdk2 resulted in 50 to 75% of cells synthesizing DNA. DNA synthesis occurred approximately 30 h following infection. We conclude that expression of normal cellular factors is sufficient to induce DNA synthesis in senescent normal human fibroblasts.