cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural comparison of an adenomatoid tumor, lymphangioma, hemangioma, and mesothelioma.

An electron microscopic study was made comparing an adenomatoid tumor with a hemangioma, lymphangioma, and 2 mesotheliomas in an attempt to elucidate the cell of origin of the adenomatoid tumor. Using ultrastructural criteria, one could say that neither the hemangioma or lymphangioma were structurally related to the adenomatoid tumor. It was not possible to morphologically distinguish between the cells of the mesothelioma and that of the adenomatoid tumor.
Geochemical signatures and magmatic stability of terrestrial impact produced zircon

Abstract Understanding the role of impacts on early Earth has major implications to near surface conditions, but the apparent lack of preserved terrestrial craters > 2 Ga does not allow a direct sampling of such events. Ion microprobe U–Pb ages, REE abundances and Ti-in-zircon thermometry for impact produced zircon are reported here. These results from terrestrial impactites, ranging in age from ~ 35 Ma to ~ 2 Ga, are compared with the detrital Hadean zircon population from Western Australia. Such comparisons may provide the only terrestrial constraints on the role of impacts during the Hadean and early Archean, a time predicted to have a high bolide flux. Ti-in-zircon thermometry indicates an average of 773 °C for impact-produced zircon, ~ 100 °C higher than the average for Hadean zircon crystals. The agreement between whole-rock based zircon saturation temperatures for impactites and Ti-in-zircon thermometry (at a TiO2 = 1) implies that Ti-in-zircon thermometry record actual crystallization temperatures for impact melts. Zircon saturation modeling of Archean crustal rock compositions undergoing thermal excursions associated with the Late Heavy Bombardment predicts equally high zircon crystallization temperatures. The lack of such thermal signatures in the Hadean zircon record implies that impacts were not a dominant mechanism of producing the preserved Hadean detrital zircon record.
Oxygen isotope fractionation of dissolved oxygen during abiological reduction by aqueous sulfide

Abstract The stable oxygen isotope fractionation factor of dissolved oxygen gas has been measured during abiological reduction by aqueous sulfide at 10–40 °C under circum-neutral conditions in order to understand the stable isotope behavior of oxygen during interaction with sulfide-rich natural waters. The oxygen isotopic composition of O 2 becomes isotopically heavier as the reaction proceeds, with the oxygen isotope enrichment factor e ranging from − 8.2 to − 9.8‰ at 10 °C, from − 8.8 to − 10.9‰ at 23 °C, and from − 6.0 to − 10.7‰ at 40 °C. Values of e show little dependence on the initial sulfide concentration, reaction temperature, or salinity in the solutions. In addition to the direct reaction of sulfide with O 2 , aqueous sulfide oxidation can also progress through complex and multiple reaction pathways where O 2 can further react with intermediate products of sulfide oxidation such as S 0 , S x 2− , S 2 O 3 2− , and SO 3 2− . Hence, the measured values of e are a result of multiple isotope fractionations during O 2 consumption by these sulfur species, where the net measured isotope fractionation factor is dependent upon the relative magnitude of each individual O 2 -consuming reaction, and the isotope fractionation factor associated with each of these reactions. Nevertheless, the results will have application to the identification and possible quantification of O 2 consumption by reaction with sulfide in natural environments.
Oestrogens and the lower urinary tract

atrophic changes within the urogenital tract, 3 and is associated with urinary symptoms such as frequency, urgency, nocturia, incontinence, recurrent infection. These may also coexist with symptoms of vaginal atrophy such as dyspareunia, itching, burning and dryness. Epidemiological studies have implicated oestrogen deficiency in the aetiology of lower urinary tract symptoms with 70% of women relating the onset of urinary incontinence to their final menstrual period. 3 Lower urinary tract symptoms have been shown to be common in postmenopausal women attending a menopause clinic with 20% complaining of severe urgency, and almost 50% complaining of stress incontinence. 4 Urge
Polishing treatment of coal liquefaction wastewaters

Detailed description of a mobile wastewater-treatment pilot plant with application to actual coal-liquefaction wastewaters.
Glycerolization of Chinese hamster ovary cells in monolayer culture.

Abstract CHO monolayer cultures were used as a model system to examine the kinetics of cell glycerolization and deglycerolization. Both influx and efflux of [3H]glycerol appear to be first-order processes, the rate of flux being proportional to glycerol concentration. When net flux ceases, the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of glycerol appear to be identical. Influx can be described by a single first-order curve, whereas efflux requires at least two such functions. Flux rates are sensitive to changes in osmolality, the fast efflux component accelerating and the slow component decelerating with increased application of osmotic stress. The rate of influx slows as the temperature drops and as the viscosity of the medium increases. Cells can tolerate a much steeper deglycerolizing gradient at 37 °C than at 0 °C.
Implications of diabetes mellitus in urology

The incidence of DM is rapidly growing among Americans. DM will rival cancer and heart disease in terms of cost and suffering. The National Institute of Health is tripling the research dollars that are spent on diabetic-related research in an attempt to combat this disease. Urologists are on the front line in the diagnosis and treatment of the complications of DM. The complications of DM that we reviewed in this article, diabetic cystopathy and diabetic ED, can occur in the early stage of DM and often progress in a silent fashion. More awareness and interest are needed to improve our understanding of diabetic complications in urology. Exciting new approaches in the treatment of diabetic cystopathy and ED are being investigated.
Spurious Thrombocytosis in a Burn Patient

Questions: 1. What is (are) this patient’s most striking laboratory result(s)? 2. How do you explain this patient’s most striking laboratory result(s)? 3. What does the instrument-generated flag “LURI” indicate? 4. What additional test(s) should be done to confirm your answer to question #3? 5. How do you explain this patient’s markedly elevated platelet count? 6. What other conditions are associated with spurious thrombocytosis? 7. What conditions are associated with spurious thrombocytopenia?
A disturbance model for control/structure optimization with output feedback control

This paper deals with a technique for the integrated optimization of structure and control in the design of flexible systems. The current approach uses the concept of response to dynamic constraints to establish a concise variational methodology to total system optimization, and eliminates the need to specify rather arbitrary trade-offs between control energy and structural mass. Results give an explicit dependency between structural stiffness (hence mass), disturbance magnitude, available control energy, and deflection constraints. The current paper presents results for direct output feedback and dynamic filter compensation with optional positive real constraints on the filters. The key element of the design approach is to formulate a set of response constraints that bound the allowable deflections and a set of constraints that bound the allowable control energy. The results for model structures indicate the importance of the control-structure interaction in a light-weight structure and the trade-offs between controller complexity, energy and structural mass.
Computational study of the effect of carbon vacancy defects on the Young's modulus of (6, 6) single wall carbon nanotube

Abstract Most molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are based on a perfect molecular material structure. The presence of vacancy defects in SWCNTs could lead to deviations from this perfect structure thus affecting the predicted properties. The present paper investigates the effect of carbon vacancy defects in the molecular structure of SWCNT on the Young's modulus of the SWCNT using MD simulations performed via Accelrys and Materials Studio. The effect of the position of the defects in the nanotube ring and the effect of the number of defects on the Young's modulus are studied. The studies indicate that for an enclosed defect with the same shape in a SWCNT structure, its position did not cause any change in the Young's modulus. However, as the number of defects increased, the predicted Young's modulus was found to decrease. For a 10 ring (6, 6) SWCNT, six vacancy defects (corresponding to a defect percentage of 2.5%) reduced the Young's modulus by 13.7%.
Egregiachlorides A-C: New chlorinated oxylipins from the marine brown alga Egregia menziesii

Abstract Three new chlorinated and carbocyclic oxylipins as well as one olefin analog were isolated from the temperate brown alga Egregia menziesii along with the previously reported lactones, ecklonialactones A, B and E. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques. A biogenesis of the egregiachlorides is proposed which is initiated by lipoxygenation followed by cyclization and termination by chloride trapping of an ω3 carbocation.
Modulation of mouse fibroblast adipocyte differentiation by X-rays and TPA.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether X-rays and the tumor promoter TPA which, in combination, are more effective at transforming cells in vitro than is either alone, may also be more effective at inhibiting differentiation in combination. Previous studies with 3T3 T proadipocytes have shown that both the tumor promoter 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and a classical initiator, UV light, can inhibit differentiation. We have now extended these studies by examining the effects of X-rays and TPA administered singly and in combination on differentiation of 3T3 T proadipocytes caused by incubation in medium containing 25% human plasma and on 5-azacytidine induced differentiation of C3HM 10T 1 2 cells. X-rays alone caused a dose-dependent inhibition of differentiation of 3T3 proadipocytes from 1.0 to 9.0 Gy. Low doses of X-rays (1.0 Gy) also inhibited differentiation of C3H 10T 1 2 cells treated with 5-azacytidine but high doses (6.0 Gy) actually caused differentiation in the absence of 5-azacytidine treatment. TPA also inhibited differentiation of both 3T3 T and 5-azacytidine-treated C3H 10T 1 2 cells at a dose of 0.1 μg/ml. At the lower dose of 0.001 μg/ml TPA, 3T3 T differentiation was inhibited only 10%, while 2.5 Gy of X-rays inhibited differentiation approximately 20%. Combined treatment of cells with X-rays and TPA caused more than 60% inhibition of differentiation, i.e., approximately twice the inhibition that would be expected if the effects of these two agents were additive. This synergistic effect suggests that in some systems there may be a closer association between the multistage process of neoplastic transformation and the inhibition of processes involved in cell differentiation than previous experiments, performed with initiators or promoters administered separately, have indicated.
Fabrication and performance of graphene nanoelectromechanical systems

As a result of the recent progress in fabricating large-area graphene sheets, graphene-based mechanical devices have become vastly easier to manufacture and now show even greater promise for a range of applications. This article reviews the progress of resonant graphene nanoelectromechanical systems and the possible applications of this technology to signal processing, sensing, and other areas. After discussing recent advances in fabrication and measurement techniques that make graphene resonators a viable technology, the article presents what is known about the performance of graphene mechanical systems. The authors also highlight unresolved questions, such as the source of the dissipation in graphene resonators, and discuss the progress made on these issues to date. The authors conclude with a discussion of important future directions for graphene research and the applications for which graphene nanomechanical devices may be well suited.
The Protective Role of Symmetric Stem Cell Division on the Accumulation of Heritable Damage

Stem cell divisions are either asymmetric—in which one daughter cell remains a stem cell and one does not—or symmetric, in which both daughter cells adopt the same fate, either stem or non-stem. Recent studies show that in many tissues operating under homeostatic conditions stem cell division patterns are strongly biased toward the symmetric outcome, raising the question of whether symmetry confers some benefit. Here, we show that symmetry, via extinction of damaged stem-cell clones, reduces the lifetime risk of accumulating phenotypically silent heritable damage (mutations or aberrant epigenetic changes) in individual stem cells. This effect is greatest in rapidly cycling tissues subject to accelerating rates of damage accumulation over time, a scenario that describes the progression of many cancers. A decrease in the rate of cellular damage accumulation may be an important factor favoring symmetric patterns of stem cell division.
Electron transfer at a distance induced by site-selective photoionization of 2-aminopurine in oligonucleotides and investigated by transient absorption techniques

Electron transfer from guanine donor to 2-aminopurine radical acceptor at various distances from one another in oligonucleotides was investigated using transient absorption techniques that allow for the direct monitoring of both the acceptor and oxidized donor short-lived species. The oligonucleotides (15-mers) containing one GG doublet and a 2-aminopurine (2AP) base analog, separated by 0–4 thymine bases, were studied either in the single-stranded form (ss), or in the double-stranded form (ds) with T opposite the 2AP residue in the complementary strand. The 2AP residues were selectively photoionized by a two-photon excitation with intense 308 nm XeCl excimer laser pulses (FWHM=12 ns, ∽60 mJ pulse−1 cm−2). The oxidation of guanine by the 2AP radicals was monitored by the evolution of the transient absorption spectra of 2AP radicals (absorption band at 360 nm, bleaching at 310 nm) and guanine radicals (narrow absorption band at 312 nm). The fast ( 100 ns) kinetic components of guanine radical formation were observed. The time dependence of the fast component, attributed to the oxidation of guanines by the radical cation 2AP•+, was not resolved. At neutral pH, 2AP•+ rapidly (∽30 ns) deprotonates to the neutral radical 2AP(-H)•, which oxidizes the guanines on the 0.1–500 μs timescale and gives rise to the neutral G(-H)• radical (the slow component). Both the prompt (<100 ns) relative yield of the guanine radicals, ΦG, and the rate constant of the slow electron transfer decrease with the number of bridging thymine bases on the strand bearing both the 2AP and GG units (the attenuation parameter β in dsDNA is 0.75±0.20 A−1). When four thymine bridging bases between the 2AP and GG units are replaced by four adenine bases (with normal complementary strands in both cases), the rate of the electron transfer is increased from <500 s−1 (ΦG∽0) to 1.7×106 s−1 (ΦG=0.36), indicating that the electron transfer rates can strongly dependent on the base sequence. The slow kinetic component is discussed in terms of a proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism in which electron transfer from G to 2AP(-H)• is coupled with deprotonation of G•+ and protonation of 2AP(-H)−.
Lifetime medical costs for women: cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stress urinary incontinence.

Abstract Purpose To estimate the absolute and relative lifetime medical costs of treating women with cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, or stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods Women under 65 years, treated for CVD, diabetes, or SUI, were identified using administrative medical claims data from a large employer ( n >100,000). A case-control methodology was used to estimate the annual medical costs of these women. Based on these estimates and published government statistics, annual costs for women 65 years and older were calculated. An incidence-based methodology with steady-state assumptions was used to project to lifetime medical costs. Cost estimates are incremental, measured as the difference between costs of patients and their demographically similar controls without the condition. They therefore represent the additional costs of treating patients with the condition, beyond the average, baseline costs incurred by controls without the condition. Findings The incremental lifetime medical cost of treating a woman (in 2002 dollars) with CVD is $423,000, with diabetes is $233,000, and with SUI is $58,000. Including the baseline medical costs of the control, the total lifetime medical costs (i.e., sum of incremental and baseline lifetime medical costs) of treating a woman with CVD are 3.4 times greater than the costs of a woman without CVD. Similarly, a woman with diabetes has total costs on average, 2.5 times greater than the costs of her control, whereas a woman with SUI has total lifetime medical costs 1.8 times greater than the costs of a similar woman without SUI. Conclusions These substantial cost estimates suggest the need for further gender-specific research and policies addressing the long-term implications of health care financing, treatment, and preventive care.
A superlinearly convergent algorithm for minimization without evaluating derivatives

An algorithm for unconstrained minimization of a function of n variables that does not require the evaluation of partial derivatives is presented. It is a second order extension of the method of local variations and it does not require any exact one variable minimizations. This method retains the local variations property of accumulation points being stationary for a continuously differentiable function. Furthermore, because this extension makes the algorithm an approximate Newton method, its convergence is superlinear for a twice continuously differentiable strongly convex function.
Crack problems for a rectangular plate and an infinite strip

The general plane problem for an infinite strip containing multiple cracks perpendicular to its boundaries is considered. The problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations. Two specific problems of practical interest are then studied in detail. The first problem explores the interaction effect of multiple edge cracks in a plate or beam under tension or bending. The second problem is that of a rectangular plate containing an arbitrarily oriented crack in the plane of symmetry. Particular emphasis is placed on the problem of a plate containing an edge crack and subjected to concentrated forces.
Ciliary signaling cascades in photoreceptors

For being a polarized neuron and having a sensory cilium, photoreceptors attract remarkable attention. This is due their highly polarized structure and active visual signal transduction cascades and for the enrichment of complex networks of proteins in the cilium. Structural and functional maintenance of the photoreceptor sensory cilium, also called outer segment, ensures that light signal is received and relayed appropriately to the brain. Any perturbations in the protein content of the outer segment result in photoreceptor dysfunction, degeneration and eventually, blindness. This review focuses on the importance of photoreceptor sensory cilium to carry out signal transduction cascade for vision.
Numeracy and communication with patients: they are counting on us.

Patient-centered interactive communication between physicians and patients is recommended to improve the quality of medical care. Numerical concepts are important components of such exchanges and include arithmetic and use of percentages, as well as higher level tasks like estimation, probability, problem-solving, and risk assessment - the basis of preventive medicine. Difficulty with numerical concepts may impede communication. The current evidence on prevalence, measurement, and outcomes related to numeracy is presented, along with a summary of best practices for communication of numerical information. This information is integrated into a hierarchical model of mathematical concepts and skills, which can guide clinicians toward numerical communication that is easier to use with patients.
The standardized inverse gaussian distribution tables of the cumulative probability function

In this article, the three-parameter I.G. distribution is standardized with zero mean and unit variance. The third standard moment α3 is employed as the shape parameter. Tables of the cumulative probability function are given as a function of the standardized variate z, and of the shape parameter, α3. Various comparisons are made with the lognormal, Weibull, and gamma distributions.
A new functional for variational calculation of atomic and molecular second-order correlation energies

Abstract Second-order correlation energies for atoms and molecules are calculated with a novel variational functional that is closely related to the one used before but neglects the most time-consuming terms. Consequently much larger basis sets could be used. Results for He, Be, H 2 and LiH obtained with an explicitly correlated gaussian geminal basis are better than the best published results by 0.32, 0.06, 3.3, and 6.2% and are estimated to be accurate to within a fraction of 1%.
Breaking free of electrical constraints

Photonic interconnections provide a viable means to overcome the fundamental limitations imposed upon computer system topologies by electrical signaling. Direct board-to-board (or assembly-to-assembly) signaling, without need of a backplane, provides multiple points of connectivity between adjacent electronic complexes while obviating the need to route all board-level signals to and through a central connector choke point. Optical busses can permit full-speed signaling between multiple chips, memory units, or processing units without requiring an active control plane. One-to-many and all-to-all photonic broadcasts greatly simplify multi-processor and multi-core system design.
Compensation in resource use by foragers released from interspecific competition

Abstract On shallow reefs where their populations co-occur, black surfperch ( Embiotoca jacksoni Agazzi) and striped surfperch ( Embiotoca lateralis Agazzi) compete strongly for a single preferred resource, dense patches of crustacean food located on the alga Gelidium robustum . Four-ear-long competition experiments revealed a substantial degree of density compensation by each competitor; densities of each species increased on the order of 40% in the absence of the competitor. However, overall densities of surfperch on experimental reefs remained much lower at the end of the experiment than initial (combined) densities. Studies of behavioral compensation, following a reduction in competitor density, revealed that both black surfperch and striped surfperch were able to immediately utilize foraging opportunity on Gelidium , but the two species differed greatly in their ability to garner the freed resources. Striped surfperch compensated behaviorally for all of the new foraging opportunity, whereas black surfperch made use of only a small fraction of it. Although newly-available resources were not shared equitably among members of local populations of either species of surfperch, the unevenness in resource distribution during competitive release appeared to be more pronounced for black surfperch. An understanding of patterns of behavioral compensation sheds light on the determinants of the magnitude of density compensation by each competitor. The degree of density compensation realized by each species was influenced by different factors: the quantity of freed foraging opportunity for striped surfperch, and the ability of the forager to fully exploit the freed resource (black surfperch).
Assessing the impact of bi-directional information flow in UGV operation: a pilot study

In June 2007, the Robotics Program Office of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and General Dynamics Robotics Systems (GDRS) engaged in an exploratory assessment of how bidirectional information flow impacts Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) operation. The purposes of the pilot study were to frame scenarios, protocol, infrastructure, and metrics for a more formal experiment planned for the fall of 2007 while providing current data feedback for the architecture developers. The study was conducted at Fort Indiantown Gap, PA over two distinct areas of rolling vegetated terrain using the eXperimental Unmanned Vehicle (XUV). In this paper, we will share the preliminary findings of the impact of bi-directional information flow on observed robotic behavior, discuss the associated impact on the operator, and relate lessons learned to the planning of our fall 2007 experiment.
Use of Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffolds to Enhance ACL Healing: A Multidisciplinary Approach in a Goat Model

Due to the poor healing potential of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee, surgical reconstruction using soft tissue replacement grafts is performed to restore knee stability and function. However, the surgery has serious complications including a high incidence of donor site morbidity and the development of osteoarthritis in the long-term. Recently, functional tissue engineering approaches to heal an injured ACL using biological stimulation via growth factors and bioscaffolds have yielded some positive clinical and laboratory results. As the healing process for the ACL is slow, additional suture repair of the ACL has been needed to provide initial joint stability and to reduce the risk of injury to neighboring tissues.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Searchable Signatures: Context and the Struggle for Recognition

Social networking sites made possible through Web 2.0 allow for unique user-generated tags called “searchable signatures.” These tags move beyond the descriptive and act as means for users to assert online individual and group identities. A study of searchable signatures on the Instagram application demonstrates that these types of tags are valuable not only because they allow for both individuals and groups to engage in what social theorist Axel Honneth calls the struggle for recognition, but also because they provide contextual use data and sociohistorical information so important to the understanding of digital objects. This article explores how searchable signatures might be used by both patrons and staff in library environments.
Effect of sandblasting on adhesion strength of diamond coatings

Abstract Premature failure of a diamond-coated tool often results from a poor adhesion of the coating and shortens the lifetime of the tool. This study presents the results of increasing the adhesion strength of diamond coatings on cutting tool inserts by pretreating the inserts with sandblasting technique to obtain a desirable surface morphology of the inserts. A geometric model representing the ideal surface morphology is established to enhance the nucleation density and adhesion strength of diamond coatings. Diamond coating experiment is conducted on the substrates of four different sample groups. Indentation and wear tests are performed on diamond-coated inserts to evaluate the effect of sandblasting on the adhesion strength of the coatings. A theoretical analysis is provided on the formation and growth of atom clusters in terms of the contact angle and the thermodynamic barrier of a substrate to predict diamond nucleation. The theoretical prediction has a good agreement with the experimental results obtained in this study and by Dennig and Stevenson [P.A. Dennig, D.A. Stevenson, Proceedings of the International Conference on New Diamond Science and Technology, 403 (1991); P.A. Dennig, D.A. Stevenson, Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Applications of Diamond Films and Related Materials, 383 (1991).].
Epidemiology, treatment and costs of depression in adults with Type 2 diabetes

Worldwide, diabetes and depression are highly prevalent conditions that are independently-associated with increased healthcare costs, disability, lost productivity, and premature mortality. Approximately 10% of individuals with diabetes have major depression and 30% have both major and minor depression. Individuals with diabetes have two-fold increased odds of having depression compared with individuals without diabetes. Although, there are effective treatments for depression, studies have shown that only 50% of adults with depression are recognized in primary care and that treatment for depression is less than ideal in this setting. The epidemiology, treatment and costs of depression in adults with Type 2 diabetes are reviewed and an expert opinion on the best treatments for depression, and future clinical and research directions in this field of research are offered.
Utilisation of kinetic-based flow injection methods for the determination of chlorine and oxychlorine species

Abstract Automated selective iodometric methods for the determination of chlorine and oxychlorine species have been developed for use in the drinking water industry. By utilising kinetic-based methods, linear ranges observed were: chlorine, 0.2–10 mg l −1 ; chlorine dioxide, 0.3–10 mg l −1 ; chlorite ion, 0.08–5 mg l −1 ; and chlorate ion, 0.08–5 mg l −1 .
Production and characterization of antibody blocking epidermal growth factor:receptor interactions.

Membranes were prepared from the human epithelioid carcinoma cell line A-431 which has approx. 2 . 10(6) epidermal growth factor receptors per cell. This membrane preparation which retained a high epidermal growth factor binding specific activity was used as an antigen to produce antisera in rabbits. Double-immunodiffusion experiments demonstrated that the immune serum contained precipitating antibodies to several components of detergent solubilized A-431 membranes. The immunoglobulin G fraction of this immune sera inhibited 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor binding to receptors in: (1) intact human and mouse cells; (2) membrane preparations from A-431 cells and human placenta, and (3) solubilized A-431 membranes. Inhibition of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor binding was observed with divalent and monovalent fragments of immunoglobulin G prepared from the immunoglobulin G fraction. Also, the immunoglobulin G fraction blocked growth factor binding to membranes at low temperature (5 degrees C). Anti-A-431 antibody blocked the induction of DNA synthesis in quiescent fibroblasts by epidermal growth factor in a manner similar to that of anti-epidermal growth factor antibody. Addition of either anti-A431 or anti-epidermal growth factor antibodies to fibroblasts at times up to 5 h after the addition of epidermal growth factor completely reversed the hormone's mitogenic potential. At later times (after 12 h) addition of either antibody was without effect on the stimulation of DNA synthesis by epidermal growth factor. Anti-A-431 antibody did not block the induction of DNA synthesis in fibroblasts by fibroblast growth factor or serum.
Measurements of electric dipole polarizabilities of the alkali-metal atoms and the metastable noble-gas atoms

The $E\ensuremath{-}H$-gradient balance technique has been used to measure the static electric dipole polarizabilities of the alkali-metal atoms and the tensor polarizabilities of the $^{3}P_{2}$ metastable noble-gas atoms. All of the measurements are normalized to the scalar polarizability of $^{3}S_{1}$ metastable helium, a value which has been accurately calculated. The scalar polarizabilities of the alkali atoms, in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, are for lithium, 24.3 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.5; sodium, 23.6 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.5; potassium, 43.4 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.9; rubidium, 47.3 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.9; cesium, 59.6 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.2. For the $^{3}P_{2}$ metastable noble-gas atoms we measure the $\mathrm{zz}$ components of the polarizability tensors for ${m}_{J}=1 \mathrm{and} 2$, which completely determines the polarizability tensors for all ${m}_{J}$. For ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{zz}}({m}_{J})$ we find, in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, for neon, 28.4 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.6 (${m}_{J}=1$) and 26.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.5 (${m}_{J}=2$); argon, 49.5 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.0 (${m}_{J}=1$) and 44.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.9 (${m}_{J}=2$); krypton, 52.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.0 (${m}_{J}=1$) and 46.8 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.9 (${m}_{J}=2$); xenon, 66.6 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.3 (${m}_{J}=1$) and 57.4 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.1 (${m}_{J}=2$). The rare-gas results, while more precise, are in good agreement with earlier work. The alkali-metal results are in excellent agreement with recent theory and the experiment of Hall and Zorn.
A Convolution Approach for the Transient Analysis of Locally Nonlinear Rotor Systems

A computationally efficient convolution method, based on discretized impulse response and transition matrix integral formulations, is developed for the transient analysis of complex linear structures interacting through strong local nonlinearities. The method is applied to a generic rotor-housing model representing a turbopump of a space shuttle main engine (SSME). As compared to the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration methods, the convolution approach proved more efficient and robust for the same accuracy requirement
SPECTRAL DYNAMICS OF INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES IN SOLIDS

Abstract Optical spectroscopy experiments on individual chromophores in crystals and glasses are described, and theoretical approaches to understanding the experimental results involving spectral dynamics are discussed.
Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortical Activity and Behavioral Inhibition

Individuals show marked variation in their responses to threat. Such individual differences in behavioral inhibition play a profound role in mental and physical well-being. Behavioral inhibition is thought to reflect variation in the sensitivity of a distributed neural system responsible for generating anxiety and organizing defensive responses to threat and punishment. Although progress has been made in identifying the key constituents of this behavioral inhibition system in humans, the involvement of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) remains unclear. Here, we acquired self-reported Behavioral Inhibition System Sensitivity scores and high-resolution electroencephalography from a large sample (n= 51). Using the enhanced spatial resolution afforded by source modeling techniques, we show that individuals with greater tonic (resting) activity in right-posterior DLPFC rate themselves as more behaviorally inhibited. This observation provides novel support for recent conceptualizations of behavioral inhibition and clues to the mechanisms that might underlie variation in threat-induced negative affect.
The Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders in a Community Sample of Female Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious, devastating, and prevalent problem. IPV places women at risk for negative health consequences, including increased mental health disorders. The majority of research to date has focused on mental health disorders among women in domestic violence shelters, and research is needed that examines mental health disorders among a broader range of women experiencing IPV. Therefore, the present study examined the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and substance abuse disorders in a community sample of IPV victims (N = 94) using diagnostic interviews. Results showed that the majority of women met diagnostic criteria for a mental health disorder, with PTSD being the most common mental health disorder. Furthermore, psychological abuse was a significant predictor of both PTSD and depression, whereas physical aggression did not predict these outcomes. Implications of these findings for treatment and intervention work with battered women are discussed.
Understanding the psychological contract: a direction for the future

Purpose – This paper sets out to review selected psychological contract literature to aid in developing understandings about the unique nature of today's work agreements and work environment. This conceptual paper aims to provide practical knowledge, future research directions and fill several gaps in knowledge about the contract.Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides insights and directions for future psychological contract research, while explaining the implications for research and practice of the work previously undertaken in developing this area of research.Findings – This paper suggests that psychological contract measurement and its theoretical implications must be reconsidered. In this context, the interface with organizational justice literature is discussed.Originality/value – Limited research in the field has focused on the implications of previous research. This paper aims to bring together what has been done previously and provide directions for future study.
Immune Complexes: Not Just an Innocent Bystander in Chronic Viral Infection

Understanding of how persistent viral infection impacts humoral immunity is incomplete. In this issue of Immunity, Wieland et al. (2015) and Yamada et al. (2015) find that high amounts of IgG-antigen complexes formed during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis infection can interfere with Fcγ-receptor-mediated effector activities, potentially contributing to immune dysfunction.
Validation tools for image segmentation

A large variety of image analysis tasks require the segmentation of various regions in an image. For example, segmentation is required to generate accurate models of brain pathology that are important components of modern diagnosis and therapy. While the manual delineation of such structures gives accurate information, the automatic segmentation of regions such as the brain and tumors from such images greatly enhances the speed and repeatability of quantifying such structures. The ubiquitous need for such algorithms has lead to a wide range of image segmentation algorithms with various assumptions, parameters, and robustness. The evaluation of such algorithms is an important step in determining their effectiveness. Therefore, rather than developing new segmentation algorithms, we here describe validation methods for segmentation algorithms. Using similarity metrics comparing the automatic to manual segmentations, we demonstrate methods for optimizing the parameter settings for individual cases and across a collection of datasets using the Design of Experiment framework. We then employ statistical analysis methods to compare the effectiveness of various algorithms. We investigate several region-growing algorithms from the Insight Toolkit and compare their accuracy to that of a separate statistical segmentation algorithm. The segmentation algorithms are used with their optimized parameters to automatically segment the brain and tumor regions in MRI images of 10 patients. The validation tools indicate that none of the ITK algorithms studied are able to outperform with statistical significance the statistical segmentation algorithm although they perform reasonably well considering their simplicity.
Hybrid theory of electron-hydrogen elastic scattering

We report on a study of electron-hydrogen scattering, using a combination of a modified method of polarized orbitals and the optical potential formalism which does not require projection operators. The calculation is restricted to $S$ waves in the elastic region, where the correlation functions are of Hylleraas type. It is found that the phase shifts are not significantly affected by the modification of the target function by a method similar to the method of polarized orbitals and they are close to the phase shifts calculated earlier by Bhatia and Temkin [Phys. Rev. A 64, 032709 (2001)]. This indicates that the correlation function is general enough to include the target distortions (polarization) in the presence of the incident electron, except for the scattering lengths for which the inclusion of polarization is essential for precision results. Results for the phase shifts, obtained in the present hybrid formalism, are rigorous lower bounds to the exact phase shifts.
Predictive linear-Gaussian models of controlled stochastic dynamical systems

We introduce the controlled predictive linear-Gaussian model (cPLG), a model that uses predictive state to model discrete-time dynamical systems with real-valued observations and vector-valued actions. This extends the PLG, an uncontrolled model recently introduced by Rudary et al. (2005). We show that the cPLG subsumes controlled linear dynamical systems (LDS, also called Kalman filter models) of equal dimension, but requires fewer parameters. We also introduce the predictive linear-quadratic Gaussian problem, a cost-minimization problem based on the cPLG that we show is equivalent to linear-quadratic Gaussian problems (LQG, sometimes called LQR). We present an algorithm to estimate cPLG parameters from data, and show that our algorithm is a consistent estimation procedure. Finally, we present empirical results suggesting that our algorithm performs favorably compared to expectation maximization on controlled LDS models.
Prematurely delivered rats show improved motor coordination during sensory-evoked motor responses compared to age-matched controls

The amount of postnatal experience for perinatal rats was manipulated by delivering pups one day early (postconception day 21; PC21) by cesarean delivery and comparing their motor behavior to age-matched controls on PC22 (the typical day of birth). On PC22, pups were tested on multiple measures of motor coordination: leg extension response (LER), facial wiping, contact righting, and fore- and hindlimb stepping. The LER and facial wiping provided measures of synchronous hind- and forelimb coordination, respectively, and were sensory-evoked. Contact righting also was sensory-evoked and provided a measure of axial coordination. Stepping provided a measure of alternated forelimb and hindlimb coordination and was induced with the serotonin receptor agonist quipazine. Pups that were delivered prematurely and spent an additional day in the postnatal environment showed more bilateral limb coordination during expression of the LER and facial wiping, as well as a more mature righting strategy, compared to controls. These findings suggest that experience around the time of birth shapes motor coordination and the expression of species-typical behavior in the developing rat.
Self-cleavable bioluminogenic luciferin phosphates as alkaline phosphatase reporters.

Alkaline phosphatase (AP)—a stable enzyme with high specific activity for the hydrolysis of phosphate esters—is widely used as a conjugated enzyme label in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and DNA hybridization assays. It is also used as an in situ probe to monitor the expression and translocation of fusion proteins from the cytoplasm and for visualization of the spatial distribution of target biomolecules, such as cognate ligands or receptors in cells, tissues, and embryos. Among the many methods for detecting AP activity, there are various phosphate substrates, such as the colorimetric p-nitrophenyl phosphate, the fluorescent AttoPhos<, and the chemiluminescent adamantyl 1,2-diACHTUNGTRENNUNGoxetane AMPPD derivatives (Scheme 1). It is the ultrasensitivity of chemiluminescence, specifically with 1,2-dioxetane AMPPD derivatives, that has made this the overwhelming choice for monitoring AP activity. Although a luciferase-coupled bioluminescent assay is not only generically similar to the chemiluminescent assay and could show similar sensitivity, it also has the additional potential of creating recombinant luciferase to AP protein fusions, which might be preferable for the detection of AP activity in situ. The development of a suitable substrate to reach this ultrasensitivity is needed in order to promote the bioluminescent AP assay for practical applications. Chemical modification of the 6-hydroxyl group of luciferin (or the 6-amino group of aminoluciferin) is an effective means to approach bioluminescent assays for enzymes of interest, and 6-luciferin phosphate (Scheme 1) has been previously shown to detect AP activity. However, the detection limit of 10 19 mol of AP was 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than that for the AMPPD assay. Since the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters is highly dependent on the pKa of the leaving group and the lower pKa 8.5 [11] of the luciferin phenol compared to a pKa ~9.0 of the adamantyl dioxetane phenol favors both nucleophilic attack and P O bond fission Scheme 1. Chemical structures of substrates for AP enzyme. A) Known chemiluminescent substrate AMPPD derivatives and bioluminescent substrate 6-luciferin phosphate; B) proposed self-cleavable luciferin phosphates, aminoluciferin trimethyl lock phosphate 1, and luciferin p-hydroxymethylphenyl phosphate 2.
Longitudinal Outcomes of Functional Behavioral Assessment—Based Intervention

A critical measure of intervention effectiveness is durability over time. Still, few studies have examined the long-term outcomes of support derived from a functional behavioral assessment as well ...
Aqueous thermal degradation of gallic acid

Abstract Aqueous thermal degradation experiments show gallic acid, a naturally occurring aromatic carboxylic compound, decomposes rapidly at temperatures between 105° and 150°C, with an activation energy of 22.9 or 27.8 kcal/ mole, depending on pH of the starting solution. Pyrogallol is the primary product identified, indicating degradation via decarboxylation and a carbanion transition state. Relatively rapid degradation of vanillic, phthalic, ellagic and tannic acids has also been observed, suggesting that these and perhaps other aromatic acids could be short-lived in deep formation waters.
Reactions of laser-generated CF2 on silicon and silicon oxide surfaces

Abstract The reactions of CF2, generated by UV laser photolysis of gas-phase precursors, have been investigated for single-crystal silicon and thermally deposited silicon oxide surfaces. CF2 deposits intact on the oxide surface, but undergoes partial dissociative chemisorption on clean silicon surfaces. Neither silicon nor silicon oxide are spontaneously etched by CF2 under the conditions of these experiments.
First-principles-based kinetic Monte Carlo studies of diffusion of hydrogen in Ni–Al and Ni–Fe binary alloys

The diffusion of dilute hydrogen in fcc Ni–Al and Ni–Fe binary alloys was examined using kinetic Monte Carlo method with input kinetic parameters obtained from first-principles density functional theory. The simulation involves the implementation of computationally efficient energy barrier model that describes the configuration dependence of the hydrogen hopping. The predicted hydrogen diffusion coefficients in Ni and Ni89.4Fe10.6 are compared well with the available experimental data. In Ni–Al, the model predicts lower hydrogen diffusivity compared to that in Ni. Overall, diffusion prefactors and the effective activation energies of H in Ni–Fe and Ni–Al are concentration dependent of the alloying element. The changes in their values are the results of the short-range order (nearest-neighbor) effect on the interstitial diffusion of hydrogen in fcc Ni-based alloys.