cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Collision Between CRTs and the UPC Elective Share

Last spring the IRS issued Rev. Proc. 2005-24, applicable to the qualification of inter vivos charitable remainder annuity trusts (CRATs) and charitable remainder unitrusts (CRUTs) when the surviving spouse can satisfy her statutory elective share from the assets of a charitable remainder trust (CRT). The revenue procedure was intended to provide a safe harbor rule under which the IRS would ignore the elective right in its determination of a trust's qualification and continuation as a CRT. The article analyzes the revenue procedure, examines the policies behind both CRTs and the UPC elective share, and suggests that the revenue procedure is under-inclusive in its focus and looks to the wrong individual for a remedy.
Banzhaf Index for Influence Maximization

Social media has changed the way people communicate with each other and has brought people together. Enterprises are increasingly using it as a medium for marketing activities. However, due to the size of these networks, marketers often look for key customers (influencers) to drive the campaign to the community. In this paper, we take a game theoretic approach to identify key influencers in a network. We begin with defining coalition games to model the social network and then use the concept of Banzhaf index to measure the utility of each user to the coalition. We further extend this concept towards identification of influencers and compare the resulting algorithm against existing works on influence maximization on several datasets. Improvements are observed.
Shear-Induced Solution Crystallization of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)

The rheological properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) solutions were investigated in a nonvolatile solvent, 2-ethylnaphthalene, at various P3HT concentrations. A mild viscosity increase was noted during shear for lower concentration P3HT solutions over 24 h, yet the viscosity increase was greater than if the sample was not sheared at all over the same time period. In this case, crystalline fibrils with large aspect ratios were formed during shear. Crystallization was determined to be dictated by Brownian motion and mediated by shear, or in other words Brownian motion brought the molecules together while shear changed their conformation to allow crystallization. Higher concentration P3HT solutions produced a significant viscosity increase, up to 2 orders of magnitude, during shear. Again, if a similar solution was merely aged without shear, a much lower viscosity increase was noted. Simple calculations show that the fibril concentration was above the percolation threshold at the higher concentration ...
Emergence Pattern of an Overwintering Population of Cardiochiles nigriceps in Central Texas

An overwintering population of Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was studied in Central Texas in 1979–1980 in a plot of pigeon peas infested by a large, late-season population of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). Emergence from overwintering started in early June, and no adults emerged after late June 1980. Overwintering C. nigriceps cocoons were collected from December 1979 through June 1980 and incubated at 26.7°C to determine the number of days required for adult emergence. Results indicated that adults had the potential to emerge from overwintering throughout the summer. In the field, however, predation of the cocoons by imported fire ants, coupled with an extremely dry summer that caused the soil to get extremely hard, interfered with the emergence of adult parasites over an extended period.
Interaction of ionic surfactants with cornea-mimicking anionic liposomes.

The interaction of surface-active molecules with lipid bilayers is ubiquitous both in biological systems and also in several technological applications. Here we explore the interaction of ionic surfactants with liposomes whose composition mimics the ocular epithelia. In this study, liposomes with a composition mimicking ocular epithelia are loaded with calcein dye above the self-quenching concentration. The liposomes are then exposed to surfactants, and the rate of dye leaked from the liposomes due to the interaction of surfactants is measured. Both cationic and anionic surfactants at various concentrations and ionic strengths are explored. Results show that the liposome bilayer permeability to the dye increases on exposure to the surfactants, leading to the release of the dye trapped in the core. However, the dye release stops after a finite time, suggesting a transient increase in permeability followed by healing. The leakage profiles exhibit two different timescales for the cationic surfactant but only...
Modeling Plasma and MHD Effects in Hypersonic Propulsion Flowpath

A concept of ram/scramjet propulsion control by energy addition and extraction in the propulsion flowpath is analyzed. Instead of variable geometry, the concept relies on virtual shapes created by plasma/MHD devices or by other methods (including plasma-controlled combustion). An inherent advantage of the proposed plasma/MHD control system is its flexibility, fast response, and the absence of moving parts. At Mach numbers higher than the design value, an MHD generator placed at the first compression ramp and using ionization by electron beams can restore the shock-on-lip condition, while operating in self-powered regime. At Mach numbers below the design value, inlet performance can be controlled by energy addition, with the power supplied by an MHD generator placed downstream of the combustor. This concept is called the reverse energy bypass. In one scenario, the inlet flow spillage can be reduced by Virtual Cowl – a heated region placed upstream of the cowl and slightly below it. With optimally located Virtual Cowl, calculations with conservative assumption regarding power transmission losses show that the reverse bypass can increase thrust by about 10% at Mach 6. In another scenario, distributed heating of the flow upstream of the inlet throat in the ramjet regime (Mach 4-6), with the heating rate of about 6.3-8.5% of the total enthalpy flux, can bring the throat Mach number close to 1, thus making the isolator duct virtually unnecessary. In this scenario, the performance penalty at the vehicle acceleration stage can be offset by the increased efficiency during the cruise due to the absence of weight and cooling burden normally caused by the long isolator duct. The paper also describes the development of a modular computational code that would allow users to analyze all the important aspects of plasma/MHD processes in the propulsion flowpath of hypersonic vehicles and to evaluate the performance in terms of specific impulse and thrust. Problems in quasi-one-dimensional modeling of devices with inherently non-onedimensional flow are discussed, and a method of solving these problems is proposed.
Digitalis and non-ACE inhibitor vasodilators in heart failure.

Digitalis therapy is usually ineffective in heart failure complicating myocardial infarction but may be of benefit in some selected patients with chronic heart failure. However, digitalis therapy in the longterm should be considered in conjunction with vasodilators or ACE inhibitors. This article reviews the practical and clinical aspects of vasodilator and digitalis therapy.
Dictionary learning and sparse recovery for electrodermal activity analysis

Measures of electrodermal activity (EDA) have advanced research in a wide variety of areas including psychophysiology; however, the majority of this research is typically undertaken in laboratory settings. To extend the ecological validity of laboratory assessments, researchers are taking advantage of advances in wireless biosensors to gather EDA data in ambulatory settings, such as in school classrooms. While measuring EDA in naturalistic contexts may enhance ecological validity, it also introduces analytical challenges that current techniques cannot address. One limitation is the limited efficiency and automation of analysis techniques. Many groups either analyze their data by hand, reviewing each individual record, or use computationally inefficient software that limits timely analysis of large data sets. To address this limitation, we developed a method to accurately and automatically identify SCRs using curve fitting methods. Curve fitting has been shown to improve the accuracy of SCR amplitude and location estimations, but have not yet been used to reduce computational complexity. In this paper, sparse recovery and dictionary learning methods are combined to improve computational efficiency of analysis and decrease run time, while maintaining a high degree of accuracy in detecting SCRs. Here, a dictionary is first created using curve fitting methods for a standard SCR shape. Then, orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) is used to detect SCRs within a dataset using the dictionary to complete sparse recovery. Evaluation of our method, including a comparison to for speed and accuracy with existing software, showed an accuracy of 80% and a reduced run time.
Type FG-12 Spiral Classifier Spiral Shaft Connecting Method Improvement

According to working condition of type FG-12 spiral classifier the spindle vibration is too large,main shaft and helical blade connection frequent breaking conditions,through research on calculating,its connection to technology improvement.
Successful triple coronary artery bypass in a child with multiple coronary aneurysms due to Kawasaki’s disease

A 9-year-old girl developed ischemic cardiac symptoms 3 years after she first presented with characteristic manifestations of Kawasaki’s disease, namely, high fever, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, macular truncal skin rash, and erythema of both hands followed by desquamation of the skin of the fingertips. This acute illness resolved spontaneously within 2 weeks. Because of progressive and severe anginal symptoms and electrocardiographic signs of myocardial ischemia, she underwent cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography, which demonstrated multiple aneurysms of both right and left coronary artery systems. The two larger aneurysms of the right main and left main coronary arteries were clotted, causing complete occlusion of these vessels. Only collateral branches from the proximal right coronary artery which were supporting the entire coronary circulation, prevented her from having a myocardial infarction. A triple saphenous vein bypass was performed with excellent immediate results. One year later the patient was completely free of symptoms; she was living a normal life and a stress electrocardiogram was entirely normal.
Regulation of synaptogenesis through the local synthesis of protein at the postsynaptic site

Publisher Summary Recent studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of lesion-induced synaptogenesis and synaptogenesis during normal development have provided evidence that there is a local synthesis of protein at postsynaptic sites. This chapter summarizes evidence indicating that (1) protein synthetic machinery, including polyribosomes and accompanying membranous cisterns, is selectively localized under synaptic sites on the central nervous system neurons; (2) the protein synthetic machinery is particularly prominent during the initial formation of synaptic contacts (in development) and during lesion induced synapse growth; and (3) during lesion induced synaptogenesis, there is an increase in the protein synthetic machinery under postsynaptic sites, which is accompanied by an increase in the synthesis of proteins within denervated zones. These data suggest that the polyribosomes and the proteins they produce are involved in some aspect of synapse construction. The chapter discusses the hypothesis that postsynaptic neurons regulate the formation of synapses along their receptive surface by producing specific proteins locally at the postsynaptic site.
Flexural Performance of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Ballastless Track Slabs

Ballastless track slab offers excellent stability and durability and has been well accepted in high-speed railways worldwide. Rails are typically laid on precast concrete slabs that are subjected to dynamic load transferred from the rails. Cracks can be induced by shrinkage and mechanical loading in concrete, which accelerates the degradation and affects the performance of the track slab. As tens of thousands of miles of ballastless track are constructed, effective and efficient maintenance for the concrete slabs has become an issue. In this paper, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is proposed to fabricate ballastless track slab. UHPC is a superior fiber-reinforced, cementitioius mortar, which has greatly-improved mechanical strengths and durability. A recently-developed UHPC is evaluated in terms of the flowability, durability, shrinkage, and mechanical properties. A functionally-graded slab design is proposed with the consideration of initial material cost. The slab is cast with two layers: a layer of conventional concrete at the bottom, and a layer of UHPC on the top. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed for ballastless track slab whose flexural performance is investigated and compared with that of slab made with conventional concrete. Concrete damage plasticity model is incorporated to consider the post-cracking behavior. The results indicate that the proposed UHPC is promising for fabricating ballastless track slab with superior performance.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Chapter 42 – Biotin and Pyridoxine (B6)

Abstract: Biotin participates in carboxylation reactions. Biotin, pantothenate (B5), and cobalamin (B12) are needed by herbivores to move propionate into hepatic gluconeogenesis. Biotin-supplemented diets are sometimes fed to young, growing animals. Raw egg white reduces intestinal biotin absorption. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is used in muscle glycogenolysis, and in erythrocytes it is bound to hemoglobin. Pyridoxal phosphate is used in transamination reactions. Although rare in animals, a vitamin B6 deficiency can result in increased amounts of amino acid metabolites appearing in urine, and it can reduce conversion of Trp to NAD+.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can be triggered by any number of disease processes that result in increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Although historically associated with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), most patients with PH do not have the idiopathic subtype, but rather PH associated with another underlying diagnosis, such as left heart or lung disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of PH helps conceptualize the different categories based on presumed etiology. WHO group 3 is PH associated with lung disease. This review focuses on PH in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs), such as the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and other more rare forms of DPLD. Although there are clear associations of PH with DPLD, the exact pathophysiologic mechanisms and full clinical significance remain uncertain. Treatment of PH related to DPLD remains investigational, but an area of great interest given the negative prognostic implications and the growing number of available pulmonary vasoactive agents.
Asymptotically achievable error probabilities for multiple hypothesis testing

The region of achievable error probabilities for k-ary hypothesis tests is studied in the asymptotic setting with n independent and identically distributed observations. We identify a k2 − k − 1 dimensional parametric family of optimal (non-dominated) tests and relate it to a family of Bayes tests whose loss function depends exponentially on n. We asymptotically characterize the conditional error probabilities for these tests within O(1) as n → ∞, using strong large deviations analysis.
Improved Feed-Forward Control in Track Seeking Using Iterative Learning Control

A specific class of track seeking problem has been considered in this paper, where the HDD head should follow a simple predetermined trajectory. This process is considered to be relatively slow, therefore, only VCM is used as an actuator. The accuracy of this trajectory following problem can be improved using iterative learning control, ILC. Two different ILC algorithms have been simulated and compared under existence of repeatable and non-repeatable disturbances.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Stress and Reward

The neural systems mediating stress and reward are intimately intertwined. At times, the stress system may enhance the rewarding properties of a stimulus or event and, at other times, stress can inhibit the reward system. Sex differences and individual differences in these neural systems also impact how they interact. Using drug abuse as a model reward behavior, we see that individuals who exhibit a greater stress response (e.g., females) are more likely to self-administer drugs of abuse and show more rapid escalation of drug-taking behavior. In addition, long-term changes in both the stress and reward systems that occur during repeated drug exposure result in sensitization of each neural system and alter how the two systems interact.
‘Tourism Places’, senior editor changes, virtual special issues, and 2018 is coming

Welcome to Volume 19 of Tourism Geographies. The last time I wrote an editorial for Tourism Geographies was in Volume 6(4) in 2004. I am not planning to restart that tradition, but I did want infor...
Child protection services and parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Background Information about parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the child protection system (CPS) continues to evolve. This study examined characteristics, experiences and representation of parents with IDD across three CPS decision points, as compared to parents with other disabilities and parents without disabilities in the United States. Methods The sample consisted of 303,039 individuals: 2,081 were individuals identified as parents in a CPS investigation; 1,101 had children in out-of-home care (OHC); and 308 experienced termination of parental rights (TPR). Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, disparity indices and logistic regression were employed. Results Parents with IDD were significantly more likely than parents without disabilities (but not significantly more likely than parents with other types of disabilities) to experience disproportionately representation. Conclusions Parents with IDD are generally over-represented within CPS; however, this representation is dependent upon the comparison group utilized and other risk factors. CPS system-level changes are necessary.
Challenges to estimating contagion effects from observational data

A growing body of literature attempts to learn about contagion using observational (i.e., non-experimental) data collected from a single social network. While the conclusions of these studies may be correct, the methods rely on assumptions that are likely—and sometimes guaranteed to be—false, and therefore the evidence for the conclusions is often weaker than it seems. Developing methods that do not need to rely on implausible assumptions is an incredibly challenging and important open problem in statistics. Appropriate methods don’t (yet!) exist, so researchers hoping to learn about contagion from observational social network data are sometimes faced with a dilemma: they can abandon their research program, or they can use inappropriate methods. This chapter will focus on the challenges and the open problems and will not weigh in on that dilemma, except to mention here that the most responsible way to use any statistical method, especially when it is well-known that the assumptions on which it rests do not hold, is with a healthy dose of skepticism, with honest acknowledgment and deep understanding of the limitations, and with copious caveats about how to interpret the results.
Awareness, Analysis, Engagement: Critical Consciousness Through Foster Youth Advisory Board Participation

Foster youth advisory boards provide child welfare-involved young people a forum through which to impact the policies, programs, and services that govern their care. In addition to facilitating policy change, these boards may also enable participating youth to cultivate a deeper understanding of themselves and their worlds. The present study utilized a strengths-based, critical consciousness framework to describe the ways in which 15 foster youth advisory board members in a single state reflect on, analyze, and respond to their socio-political worlds. To this end, the author aims to describe youth advisory board processes, while attempting to answer the question, “How does critical consciousness manifest through foster youth advisory board participation?” Emergent themes are organized around the existing dimensions of critical consciousness. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are discussed.
Men with congenital absence of the vas deferens often have seminal vesicles

AbstractThe absence of semen fructose and low ejaculate volume in men with congenital absence of the vas deferens have been attributed to an associated agenesis of the seminal vesicles. Because vasography and retrograde seminal vesiculography cannot be performed in these men, this association has never been confirmed reliably. Therefore, we performed computerized tomographic scans of the seminal vesicles on 26 men with absence of the vas deferens. We found seminal vesicles bilaterally in 12 of these men, unilateral hypoplasia or absence in 8 and bilateral hypoplasia or absence in 6. Four men with normal seminal vesicles and 1 with unilateral hypoplasia underwent exploration in an attempt to find reconstructable vasa. We failed to identify a vas deferens in any of these men. These observations suggest that negative semen fructose and low ejaculate volume in men with absence of the vas deferens may be owing to agenesis or obstruction of the ejaculatory ducts rather than absent seminal vesicles.
Anxiety disorders and their treatment.

Anxiety disorders appear to be among the most common psychiatric illnesses of the elderly. Although systematic studies of the phenomenology and treatment of anxiety disorders in the elderly are rather scant, inferences based on studies of younger patients combined with careful clinical observations can be very helpful for both diagnostic and treatment purposes. Several medical conditions can mimic anxiety disorders and suggest a need to consider a possible underlying organic condition during the process of evaluation. Clinical evaluation should be complemented by rating scales and laboratory tests where appropriate. Anxiety disorders occurring for the first time in late life appear to be milder in symptomatology than early-onset disorders. Most anxiety disorders can be well managed using the available treatments. It appears that short-acting benzodiazepines, such as oxazepam and lorazepam, are the treatment of choice for short-term symptoms of geriatric anxiety. For anxiety of longer durations (e.g., greater than 6 months), a nonbenzodiazepine such as buspirone seems preferable. Antidepressants seem effective in cases of mixed anxiety-depression or panic disorder. There is clearly a need, however, to perform more controlled clinical trials of these medications to establish empirically derived guidelines for safety, efficacy, and specificity of these drugs for the elderly population. Finally, nonpharmacologic methods such as cognitive-behavioral treatments can be very effective for the management of certain anxiety disorders, particularly phobias.
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and DIAPH1: unique mechanisms and healing the wounded vascular system.

Cardiovascular disease represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in subjects with diabetes. Recent studies have highlighted that therapies targeting inflammation, such as ...
High-Efficiency Omnidirectional Broadband Light-Management Coating Using the Hierarchical Ordered-Disordered Nanostructures with Ultra-Mechanochemical Resistance.

High-efficient light-management nanostructures are critical to various optical applications. However, in practical implementation, these structures have been limited by the need to resist mechanica...
Safe and Effective Implementation of a Red Blood Cell (RBC) Transfusion Hemoglobin (Hb) Threshold of 7 g/Dl on an Inpatient Stem Cell Transplant Unit: A Single Institution Experience

Abstract Introduction: Patient Blood Management (PBM) is an evidence-based, multidisciplinary approach designed to avoid unnecessary transfusions, optimize hemostasis, and minimize blood loss to improve patient outcomes. Our Blood and Marrow Transplant (BMT) program, in collaboration with our PBM program, changed the Hb guidelines for RBC transfusions to 7g/dL in the fall of 2015 for all patients without acute bleeding or cardiac history on our inpatient transplant floor. This study aimed to assess the compliance with the guideline and the impact of the change on allogeneic patient outcomes (readmission within 30 days and mortality). Methods: Data was extracted from our Electronic Medical Record and our transplant outcomes REDCAP database for an 18 month period before and after we changed the guidelines, 1/2014-6/2015 (pre) and 1/2016-6/2017 (post). Only RBC transfusions on the stem cell transplant unit were included. The main outcomes analyzed were a) all-cause mortality (at 100 days, 180 days and 365 days post-transplant) and b) hospital readmission (at days 1-7 and days 8-30 post discharge). Statistical analysis included Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon rank-sum for non-parametric data. Univariate followed by multivariable stepwise logistic regression was performed for generating adjusted odds ratios (adjOR) for various outcomes. Testing for interaction and multi-collinearity was performed at each step of the model building. A two-sided p-value of Results: During the time periods studied, 293 patients received an allogeneic stem cell transplant (pre=153, post=140): females n=134, 46%; median (IQR) age 57 years (46-64); Karnofsky performance status 90 (80-90); transplant hospital length of stay 18 days (15-25). The most common reasons for transplant were AML (n=144, 49%), MDS/Myeloproliferative Disease (n=44, 15%), NHL (n=39, 13%), and ALL (n=30, 10%). The most common types of transplant were haplo/cord (n=113, 39%), MUD (n=94, 32%) and MRD (n=80, 27%). In the pre and post periods, 883/1147 (77%) and 186/775 (24%) RBC transfusions were at a Hb>=7g/dL, respectively, (p Conclusion: A RBC transfusion Hb threshold of 7 g/dL can be effectively implemented on an inpatient stem cell transplant unit, avoids RBC exposure in a significant percent of patients, and does not lead to increased all-cause post-transplant mortality or readmissions within one month. Download : Download high-res image (154KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . Disclosures Rossi: Celgene: Consultancy; Thrassos: Consultancy. Lee: Clinipace: Consultancy; Baxalta: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Alexion Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy.
Covalency-driven Structural Evolution in the Polar Pyrochlore Series Cd2Nb2O7–xSx

The arrangement of cations on the triangular pyrochlore lattice leads to a wealth of interesting physical phenomena influenced by geometric frustration. Although uncommon, several pyrochlore materi...
Local and Global Consistency Regularized Mean Teacher for Semi-supervised Nuclei Classification.

Nucleus classification is a fundamental task in pathology diagnosis for cancers, e.g., Ki-67 index estimation. Supervised deep learning methods have achieved promising classification accuracy. However, the success of these methods heavily relies on massive manually annotated data. Manual annotation for nucleus classification are usually time consuming and laborious. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised deep learning method that can learn from small portion of labeled data and large-scale unlabeled data for nucleus classification. Our method is inspired by the recent state-of-the-art self-ensembling (SE) methods. These methods learn from unlabeled data by enforcing consistency of predictions under different perturbations while ignoring local and global consistency hidden in data structure. In our work, a label propagation (LP) step is integrated into the SE method, and a graph is constructed using the LP predictions that encode the local and global data structure. Finally, a Siamese loss is used to learn the local and global consistency from the graph. Our implementation is based on the state-of-the-art SE method Mean Teacher. Extensive experiments on two nucleus datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art SE methods, and achieves \(F_1\) scores close to the supervised methods using only 5%–25% labeled data.
SiRNA silencing of VEGF, IGFs, and their receptors in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mitogen that regulates proliferation, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells (EC). VEGF has recently become a target for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) therapy. We tested the hypothesis that a specific VEGF isoform and/or receptor acts synergistically with insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I to alter normal retinal microvascular EC angiogenesis and RNA interference can be used to reverse VEGF effects. We used small interfering RNA (SiRNA) transfection to target VEGF isoforms, IGFs, and their receptors in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs). Media was collected at 24 and 48 hours post transfection for measurement of VEGF, sVEGFR-1 and IGF-1 levels; and HRECs were assessed for migration, tube formation, VEGF signaling genes, oxidative stress, and immune-reactivity. At 24 hours post transfection VEGF increased with VEGFR-2; sVEGFR-1 decreased with VEGF165, VEGFR-2, and IGF-1R; and IGF-I increased with VEGF189, VEGFR-1, IGF-2R, IGF+VEGF165, and IGF+VEGF121. IGF-I transfection with each VEGF isoform reduced sphere- forming and migration capacities with robust upregulation of caspase-9, COX-2, MAPK, PKC, and VEGF receptors. At 48 hours, the effects were reversed with a majority of genes downregulated, except with IGF-I and NP-1 transfection. Using RNA interference for targeted inhibition of VEGF isoforms in conjunction with IGF-I may be preferable for suppression of HREC overgrowth in vasoproliferative retinopathies such as ROP.
Simulation-based study of wind—wave interactions under various sea conditions

Despite their importance in the ocean environment, the key physical processes in wind-wave interactions are poorly understood. Using a solver developed for undulatory boundaries, we perform numerical simulations of the wind-wave system under various sea conditions, including wind over monochromatic waves, early wind-wave generation, and wind over a broadband wave field. Our results show that the wave direction and wave age can significantly change the distribution of streamwise vorticity in the wind field. Different wave patterns are observed in the process of wind-wave generation. In a broadband wave field, the wave growth rate due to wind input is found to depend on the wave steepness.
A new genus of Empididae (Diptera) with enlarged postpedicels in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

A new genus and species of Empididae (Diptera) in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber is described as Neoalavesia hadroceria gen. et sp. nov. in the family Atelestidae. The male is characterised by its sm...
Are Posterior Crural Stitches Necessary in Pediatric Laparoscopic Fundoplication

Introduction: Minimal esophageal mobilization during laparoscopic fundoplication decreases the rate of wrap transmigration, and previous study has shown that placement of esophageal-crural sutures ...
An Assessment of Physical Education Teacher Candidates’ Dispositions

The study assessed physical education teacher candidates’ (TCs) dispositions toward teaching. Participants included 72 physical education TCs (80.56% males and 19.44% females). TCs completed the Missouri Educator Profile (MEP) once, as part of the requirements for admission to the teacher education program at their institution. The MEP is a 10-point Likert scale with six subscales: Achievement (AT), Social Influence (SI), Interpersonal Effectiveness (IP), Self-Adjustment (SA), Conscientiousness (CN), and Practical Intelligence (PI). The predictor variables were TCs’ sex, PE major status, cumulative GPA (GPA), number of hours attempted (HRA), number of hours passed (HRP) at the time of taking the MEP, transfer student status (TSS), and first semester of enrollment (FSE). Descriptive data indicated that the SA subscale (45.83%) had the highest percentage of TCs with high scores, followed by SI (33.33%). Conversely, the lowest percentage of TCs with high scores was in PI (5.56%). Nonparametric rank-based regression analyses showed that sex and PE major status were significant predictors of SI, IP, and PI. Female TCs had lower scores than their male counterparts on these subscales. TCs who maintained their status as PE majors after taking the MEP had lower scores than those who changed majors. Furthermore, HRA and HRP significantly predicted the IP and PI subscales. TCs with higher number of hours attempted had higher scores on the IP and PI subscales. Conversely, the higher the number of hours passed, the lower the score on the IP and PI subscales. All the predictor variables were not significant for subscales AT, SA, and CN. Finally, transfer student status was not a significant predictor of any of the dispositions. Physical Education Teacher Education programs need to teach and assess TCs’ dispositions on a regular basis. Dispositional assessment data could serve as valuable source of feedback for teacher education program improvement.
Building a New Data Science Program Based on an Existing Computer Science Program

Data Science is an emerging program of study which, by its very nature, is interdisciplinary. This paper explores the challenge of introducing a data science program, given an established computer science program, within a liberal arts institution which has a large general education core. In addition to the challenge of creating a new program, there are several other major challenges surrounding the fact that the discipline of data science continues to evolve, and accreditation criteria are currently being developed.
Recent developments and advancements in knee implants materials, manufacturing: A review

Abstract In today’s scenario knee implant is designed to replace the knee joint damaged bone. The evolution of knee arthroplasty with improved designs and longer implant life span has taken place in the last 30 years. Rapid improvements to gain the best possible results are been done. The objective of review is to examine the materials and manufacturing progress to find the best possible outcomes for future development. In knee implants, the biocompatible materials like zirconium, Titanium alloys, UHMWP (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene), smart materials have developed the performance of the implants. Coated implants are used for metal sensitive patients. The knee replacement techniques give a relief to the patient but there are many forces acting on the tibia and femoral components from the daily activities of a person. These constant forces and infections can lead to slow developed of wear in the joint. Some of the literatures discuss on knee joint simulation under different constraints and conditions which can be checked as its real time behavior. Many studies have done simulation analysis to know the behavior under the different static and dynamic loading conditions. There have been a few studies in field of knee arthroplasty, but different studies suggest different results. Present article viewed the overall growth in aspects of materials and coatings with better mechanical and biocompatible properties, manufacturing processes that will lead to simpler techniques, implant design, analysis of loads for reduction of wear, finite element analysis to validate the prior information, assessment of failure, sensitivity detections.
Population-Level Death Rates From Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in South Korea.

South Korea was among the first countries to report a case of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). As of August 14, 2020, South Korea reported 14 873 confirmed cases and 305 deaths from COVID-19. We c...
Marantic Endocarditis Associated with COVID-19: A Rare Case Report of a Potentially Deadly Disease

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has overwhelmed healthcare globally with millions of cases and over 2 million deaths worldwide The hypercoagulable state associated with COVID-19 is a well-recognized complication that carries a poor prognosis Marantic endocarditis, or non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE), is caused by a sterile vegetation on the cardiac valves resulting from the deposition of fibrin and platelet aggregates It is highly associated with the hypercoagulable and acquired inflammatory states Herein, we report a unique and rare case of COVID-19 presenting with NBTE LEARNING POINTS: COVID-19 has caused a major global pandemic, with high morbidity and mortality One of the complications of COVID-19 infection is a hypercoagulable state To the best of our knowledge, we present only the second case of marantic endocarditis in a patient with COVID-19, in the hope of raising awareness among physicians of this potential rare association
Microtubule Assembly: A Review of Progress, Principles, and Perspectives

Publisher Summary Substantial improvements in electron, light, and fluorescence microscopy, as well as the isolation of discrete protein components of the cytoskeleton, have led the way to a much better appreciation of the structural organization of the cytoplasm. Indeed, the lacelike network of thin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules in nonmuscle cells is as familiar today as the organelles identified after the advent of biological electron microscopy. A major means for characterizing and comprehending the emerging principles of cytoskeletal action has been to isolate and define the properties of various constituents. This chapter considers one such component, the microtubule, from the perspective of the theoretical and experimental efforts to elucidate its assembly and disassembly properties. For this purpose, it concentrates on the in vitro self-assembly of microtubules derived from the neural systems.
Reference values of right ventricular end-diastolic area defined by ethnicity and gender in a young adult population: the CARDIA study.

Background: Despite increasing availability of three-dimensional imaging modalities for estimating right ventricular (RV) size, linear and two-dimensional measures of RV size are the most universally accessible clinical methods. Right ventricular end-diastolic area (RVED area) is known to identify pulmonary pathologies and have prognostic value for cardiovascular mortality in various disease states. To date, there is a paucity of adequately powered studies to define gender- and ethnicity-related differences in normal RVED area. Therefore, we derived gender-based normative values for echocardiographic measurements of RVED area, in a large bi-racial cohort of young adults. Methods: Healthy young adults participants (n = 2088) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, aged 23–35 years, at the time of echocardiogram, were evaluated. RVED area was stratified according to gender and race. The contributions of clinical, allometric and left heart morphology and function to the variability in RVED area were determined. Results: RVED area in males was significantly larger than in females of similar age, but whites had similar values compared to same-gender blacks. RVED area for men and women of >24.7 cm2 and 20.7cm2, or RVED area indexed to BSA (cm2/m2) of >12.6 and >11.7, respectively, are at the 97.5th percentile of normal values. RVED area correlated significantly with left ventricular volume and left atrial size. Lung capacity measured as FVC showed significant body size adjusted correlation with RVED area only in black males. Conclusions: This study provides normative values for echocardiographically defined RV end-diastolic area, and highlights the necessity to use gender-specific normative values. (Echocardiography 2011;28:142-149)
Distributed and dynamic voronoi overlays for coverage detection and distributed hash tables in ad-hoc networks

In this paper we study two important problems - coverage-boundary detection and implementing distributed hash tables in ad-hoc wireless networks. These problems frequently arise in service location and relocation in wireless networks. For the centralized coverage-boundary problem we prove a /spl Omega/(n log n) lower bound for n devices. We show that both problems can be effectively reduced to the problem of computing Voronoi overlays, and maintaining these overlays dynamically. Since the computation of Voronoi diagrams requires O(n log n) time, our solution is optimal for the computation of the coverage-boundary. We present efficient distributed algorithms for computing and dynamically maintaining Voronoi overlays, and prove the stability properties for the latter - i.e., if the nodes stop moving, the overlay stabilizes to the correct Voronoi overlay. Finally, we present experimental results in the context of the two selected applications, which validate the performance of our distributed and dynamic algorithms.
Morphometric variability of neuroimaging features in Children with Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum

Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a developmental brain malformation associated with a wide spectrum of structural brain abnormalities and genetic loci. To characterize the diverse callosal morphologies and malformations of brain development associated with ACC, we report on the neuroimaging findings of 201 individuals diagnosed with corpus callosal abnormalities. We searched through medical records of individuals seen at New York Presbyterian Hospital between 2002 and 2013 and thought to have ACC. We confirmed 201 individuals meeting criteria and used magnetic resonance imaging to characterize morphological variants of the corpus callosum and associated brain malformations. The majority of individuals displayed hypoplasia or dysplasia of the corpus callosum (N = 160, 80 %). Forty-one (20 %) displayed complete agenesis of the corpus callosum with other abnormalities, while only 18 (9 %) displayed complete agenesis without associated brain abnormalities. White matter abnormalities were more frequent in hypoplasia or dysplasia group than complete agenesis (28.2 % vs 9.8 %, p < 0.05). In contrast, hippocampal abnormalities, colpocephaly, and Probst bundles were significantly more frequent in complete agenesis compared to hypoplasia or dysplasia group. Collectively, our results underscore the broad diversity of morphological variants of the corpus callosum and associated brain abnormalities in individuals with ACC.
Rheology of synthetic latex. IV. Effect of polydispersity on flow behavior

Summary A study has been made of the effect of polydispersity on the flow of synthetic latices by investigating the behavior of mixtures of type III and type V GR-S rubber latex in all proportions and up to total rubber contents of 55%. The two latices differed in volume to surface average particle diameter by a factor of two. Mixtures of the two latices showed Newtonian flow below total volume fractions of φ = 0.25, and non-Newtonian flow at higher concentrations. Up to φ = 0.47, a single exponential flow equation covered the entire range of shearing stresses used. Above this concentration, separate exponential flow equations had to be used for the low and high stress ranges. The flow constants N and η were found to depend both upon the total concentration of polymer and the proportion of the two latices in the mixtures. The equation log ( η ′ / η 0 ) = α b φ 1 − α φ again represented well the dependence of η′ on the total concentration of polymer, and yielded α's dependent only on the proportion of the two latices in the mixtures. At low concentrations this equation gave for the proportionality constant between η′ and φ values ranging from 2.20 to 2.40 as against the Einstein value of 2.5. Again, extrapolation of the equation to infinite viscosity gave volume fractions of rubber plus adsorbed soap which varied with the proportion of the two latices, and showed that an increase in heterogeneity of particle-size distribution leads to a considerably tighter packing of the spherical particles. The maximum packing fraction of φ t = 0.81 was observed at a polymer volume fraction of 0.76 type V latex in the mixture. This is to be compared with φ t = 0.74 for the type III latex and φ t = 0.77 for the type V latex. These results show that at the point of tight packing the larger spheres are arranged rhombohedrically, with the smaller spheres filling the voids between the larger particles. They also indicate that polydisperse systems should exhibit flow to concentrations higher than corresponding monodisperse systems.
The influence of dietary fat on the incorporation of fatty acids into body and egg fat of the hen

Abstract The influence of dietary fats on the fatty acid composition of body and egg yolk fat was investigated in leghorn hens. The following results were obtained: 1. 1. Body fat was influenced by ingestion of either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids. 2. 2. Egg fat was influenced only by unsaturated fatty acids. 3. ]3. This study suggests that, in cases of dietary insufficiencies of polyenoic acids, the hen selectively draws upon its body depot fat for the production of egg fat. Under normal conditions the polyunsaturated acids not synthesized de novo appear to be transferred directly from the diet.
The A-kinase anchoring protein Yotiao binds and regulates adenylyl cyclase in brain.

A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) influence the spatial and temporal regulation of cAMP signaling events. Anchoring of PKA in proximity to certain adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms is thought to enhance the phosphorylation dependent termination of cAMP synthesis. Using a combination of immunoprecipitation and enzymological approaches, we show that the plasma membrane targeted anchoring protein AKAP9/Yotiao displays unique specificity for interaction and the regulation of a variety of AC isoforms. Yotiao inhibits AC 2 and 3, but has no effect on AC 1 or 9, serving purely as a scaffold for these latter isoforms. Thus, Yotiao represents an inhibitor of AC2. The N terminus of AC2 (AC2-NT), which binds directly to amino acids 808–957 of Yotiao, mediates this interaction. Additionally, AC2-NT and Yotiao (808–957) are able to effectively inhibit the association of AC2 with Yotiao and, thus, reverse the inhibition of AC2 by Yotiao in membranes. Finally, disruption of Yotiao–AC interactions gives rise to a 40% increase in brain AC activity, indicating that this anchoring protein functions to directly regulate cAMP production in the brain.
The effect of preliminary normality goodness of fit tests on subsequent inference.

(1978). The effect of preliminary normality goodness of fit tests on subsequent inference. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1-11.
Spacecraft Attitude Determination System Using Nano-Optical Devices and Linux Software Libraries

This paper presents a new spacecraft attitude determination system based on small optical devices and Linux-based software. This technology intends to support nanosatellite operations by providing low-cost, low-mass, low-volume, low-power, and redundant attitude determination capabilities with quick and straightforward onboard programmability for real-time spacecraft operations. The chosen commercial-off-the-shelf optical devices perform sensing and image processing on the same circuit board, and they are biologically inspired by insects’ vision systems, which measure optical flow and/or track objects while navigating the environment. The firmware on the devices is modified here to enable communication with PC/104 form-factor embedded computers running RealTime Application Interface for Linux. Algorithms are developed for operations using optical flow mode and point-tracking mode, and an application programming interface, along with Simulink® S-functions, is created. The performances of the proposed syste...