cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activation and reactivity of novel calcium-based sorbents for dry SO2 control in boilers

Abstract Chemically modified calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) sorbents developed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory (AEERL) for sulfur dioxide (SO2) control in utility boilers were tested in an electrically heated, bench-scale isothermal flow reactor. Novel surfactant-modified Ca(OH)2 (SM-Ca(OH)2) sorbents were compared with conventional Ca(OH)2 produced by dry hydration (DH-Ca(OH)2) to determine why modified sorbents have a higher reactivity with SO2. Sorbents were activated in the flow reactor. Activated sorbents (SM-CaO and DH-CaO) were size classified with an inertial cascade impactor downstream of the flow reactor. The structure of each separated fraction (six trays plus preimpactor, D50 from 0.74 to > 11.9 μm) was characterized by nitrogen adsorption. For each size fraction measured, the surface area was higher for SM-CaO than for DH-CaO. It was concluded, therefore, that retardation of the sintering process was the primary advantage of the modified sorbent. The effect of thermal sintering was to increase median pore size by eliminating fine pores (below 100 A). Changes in the pore structure of Ca(OH)2 sorbents reacting with SO2 were also investigated. Small amounts Of SO2 (below 100 ppm) in the combustion gas present during calcination at 900 °C modified the structure of sorbents. These sorbents typically had higher surface areas and porosities than sorbents calcined in the absence of SO2, suggesting that small amounts of calcium sulfate product are capable of slowing the solid state diffusion process of sintering.
Safety evaluation of titanium middle ear prostheses at 3.0 tesla.

Objective To assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) safety of titanium middle ear prostheses at 3.0 tesla (T). Study design and setting Titanium middle ear prostheses from 3 commercial vendors were examined for magnetic field interactions at 3 T. Initially, ex vivo studies were performed to test for rotational motion and forward displacement (translational motion) of the prostheses in a static magnetic field. If movement was observed during this screening study, then the prosthesis was tested to determine the translational or rotational force acting upon the prosthesis. In addition to testing for prosthesis displacement, temperature changes of the prostheses were measured to assess for radiofrequency heating during imaging. Results Twenty-one of the 24 titanium prostheses tested revealed no movement when tested in the 3 T static magnetic field. Three prostheses revealed minimal movement during the screening study. A translational force test (string test) was performed upon these 3 prostheses, and the measured angle of displacement was used to determine the force. This calculated force acting upon each prosthesis was essentially zero. Therefore, we conclude that the magnetic field interaction is negligible. A positive control with a ferromagnetic stainless steel prosthesis demonstrated obvious displacement during the screening study, as well as deflection of the prosthesis by 90° in the translational force test. Last, heating of the titanium prostheses did not occur in the 7 models tested. Conclusions Middle ear prostheses made from titanium are safe, neither deflecting nor heating during magnetic resonance examinations conducted at 3 T. EBM rating: C-1.
Ionization State of Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate in the Presence of Lipids with Hydrogen Bond Donor Capabilities

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is a minor component in the cell membrane, but has very important roles in a broad range of cell functions. Many proteins have binding domains that bind specifically to PI(4,5)P2. While hydrogen bond interactions play a pivotal role in these interactions, electrostatic interactions strongly contribute to any protein/PI(4,5)P2 binding event. In addition, the lateral distribution of PI(4,5)P2 within the bilayer is strongly dependent on its ionization state. Although the ionization state of PI(4,5)P2 has been examined in previous research, there has been no data on the ionization properties of PI(4,5)P2 in more complex lipid mixtures that contain lipids capable to donate hydrogen for bond formation with PI(4,5)P2. Here we investigate the ionization state of PI(4,5)P2 in mixtures of three or more lipids. Using MAS solid state 31P-NMR, we examined the ionization state of PI(4,5)P2 in multilamellar vesicles composed of DOPC and DOPE (70% DOPC, 25% DOPE, 5% PI(4,5)P2) for pH values between 4 and 10. In comparison to the binary PC/PI(4,5)P2 mixture (Kooijman et al. Biochemistry 48 (2008) 9360), the titration curve is shifted to lower pH values, indicating an increased deprotonation of the PI(4,5)P2 phosphomonoester groups. In additioin, the titration curve has a complex shape, suggesting a pronounced interaction between DOPE and PI(4,5)P2. We are currently examining the ionization properties of PI(4,5)P2 in the presence of phosphatidylinositol (PI) since it is likely that these two lipids are co-localized in the plasma membrane. Our NMR studies are being complemented by GUV studies of ternary lipid systems. For example, it is found that PE has a strong effect on the morphology (domain structure) of PI(4,5)P2 containing lipid systems.
Potential involvement of more than one locus in trait manifestation for individuals with Leber congenital amaurosis

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous retinal dystrophy. The causes of LCA have been unraveled partially at the molecular level. At least 14 genes have been reported that, when mutated, result in LCA. To understand the roles of the known genes in LCA, a group of outbred subjects from 60 apparently either recessive families, with one or more affected individuals, or isolated patients were evaluated. One affected individual from each family underwent comprehensive mutational analysis by direct DNA sequencing of all coding regions and splice junctions of 13 LCA genes. Mutations were identified in 70% of individuals. CEP290 made the largest contribution to the identified mutations, providing 43% of those mutant alleles. We identified seven families in which affected individuals with two mutant alleles, sufficient to cause disease, had an additional mutation at a second LCA locus. Our findings suggest that mutational load can be important to penetrance of the LCA phenotype.
Reduction of laccase type 1 copper by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and other catechol derivatives

Abstract 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is not a preferred substrate of Rhus vernicifera laccase, as rate constants for the anaerobic reduction of the type 1 cupric atom by l -DOPA (6.3 × 10 1 m −1 s −1 ), d -DOPA (2.6 × 10 1 m −1 s −1 ), and l -DOPA methyl ester (2.6 × 10 1 m −1 s −1 ) are considerably smaller than k 1 (catechol) (7 × 10 2 m −1 s −1 ) and rate constants characteristic of numerous other nonphysiological organic substrates (25 °C, pH 7.0, I = 0.5 m). The reactions of DOPA derivatives with laccase are unique, however, in that a two-term rate law pertains: k obsd = k 0 + k 1 [phenol]; k 0 ( l -DOPA) = 7 × 10 −2 s −1 . The reactivities of other catechol derivatives (pyrogallol, gallic acid, and methyl gallate) with laccase type 1 copper were also examined.
Specific heat of YBa2Cu3O7

Specific heat measurements, including measurements in magnetic fields and at both low temperatures and nearT c , on a number of YBa2Cu3O7 samples have revealed several correlations among strongly sample-dependent parameters. These correlations suggest that the sample dependence of the parameters reflects a sample dependence of the volume fraction of superconductivity, which is in turn correlated with a low concentration of Cu2+ moments. The correlations give a criterion for recognizing the values of the parameters characteristic of the fully superconducting material. Preliminary results on the effects of sample heat treatment are reported. New data on the “linear term” is presented and discussed.
Immunity to exoerythrocytic forms of malaria. II. Passive transfer of immunity to exoerythrocytic forms.

Abstract The passive transfer of heat-inactivated or nonheat-inactivated convalescent serum, from turkeys inoculated with Plasmodium fallax exoerythrocytic forms and treated with chloroquine to suppress the development of erythrocytic forms and the development of immunity to them, delayed the exoerythrocytic-form infection in turkeys inoculated intravenously with exoerythrocytic forms. The degree of exoerythrocyticform parasitization in cerebral tissue was significantly less in the experimental groups than the degree of parasitization in control groups, and the experimental birds continued gaining weight for a longer period than the control birds. The passive transfer of immune serum had an effect on the course of the exoerythrocytic-form infection equivalent to killing 90% of the exoerythrocytic-form inoculum. The immunity to exoerythrocytic forms is form-specific, since the infected, chloroquine-treated, serum donors were just as susceptible to an erythrocytic-form challenge infection as normal turkeys. In vitro studies demonstrated that heat-inactivated serum from turkeys immune to exoerythrocytic-form infections caused a precipitate to form at the small end of exoerythrocytic merozoites. This precipitate was not observed on merozoites mixed with control serum.
Factors determining the spatial variability of seed densities in a shrub-steppe ecosystem: the role of harvester ants

Abstract The seed banks of deserts typically show a high degree of spatial variability. We examined the influence of the western harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis , on the spatial heterogeneity of soil seeds in the semi-arid shrub–steppe of south-western Wyoming. Seeds were sampled in the foraging areas of three ant colonies over 2 years, primarily to assess the distribution of seeds with respect to harvester ant nests and foraging trails. In 1989, seed densities varied at the smallest spatial scale sampled — the microhabitat (undershub vs . interspace). In 1990, seed densities varied at the largest spatial scale sampled — the colony foraging area. Seed abundance varied temporally in both years. Harvester ants affected the patterns of seed density in two ways. First, seed numbers in 1989 were higher in interspace areas away from foraging trails than in interspace areas near them, indicating that trails restrict colony search effort. Second, and contrary to our expectations, seed numbers in 1990 were higher near harvester ant nests than in surrounding areas. This difference was attributable to higher densities of the alien annual grass Bromus tectorum and suggests that harvester ants indirectly facilitate B. tectorum near their nests.
Mechanisms controlling seasonal mixed layer temperature and salinity in the Southwestern Tropical Indian Ocean

Abstract We use a heat- and salt-conserving ocean state estimation product to study the seasonal cycles of the mixed layer (ML) temperature (MLT) and salinity (MLS) balances over the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean (SWTIO) thermocline ridge (STR; 50°–75°E, 12°–5°S). For seasonal MLT, surface heat flux and ocean processes are both important. They tend to re-enforce each other during peak cooling (May–June) and warming (November) periods, but not during transition periods. The dominant ocean process is wind-driven vertical mixing. It is modulated by the variable strength of the monsoon winds (which affect the vertical diffusivity), and to a lesser extent by variability of thermocline depth (which influences the vertical stratification across the ML base). For example, thermocline shoaling in April–July alters the vertical stratification near the ML base; thus, when the monsoon winds heighten (June–September) and the vertical diffusivity increases (deepening the ML base), relatively cool subsurface water is near the ML base and easily incorporated into the ML by vertical mixing. However, vertical advection as a direct response to thermocline shoaling has little affect on MLT. This explains why MLT and thermocline depth are not positively correlated here on the seasonal timescale (as they are on the interannual timescale). Meridional advection associated with Ekman transport driven by the monsoon winds plays a secondary role. Seasonal MLS, however, is dominated by meridional advection. Vertical process effects on MLS are small, due to a weak salinity gradient near the ML base throughout the year.
FUCOSE INCORPORATION INTO GLYCOPROTEINS OF MOUSE BRAIN

—Radioactive fucose was incorporated into glycoproteins of brain in vivo. After intracerebral administration of this precursor, radioactive glycoproteins were the sole detectable product. The glycoproteins formed appeared to have a slow turnover but this was due, at least in part, to re-utilization of fucose released from degraded glycoproteins. Incorporation of fucose into glycoproteins differed from that of glucosamine, since a much smaller proportion of the radioactive fucose was incorporated into soluble glycoproteins. Fucose was rapidly incorporated into glycoproteins of nerve endings, although there was relatively little incorporation into glycoproteins associated with the soluble component of the nerve-ending fraction. As found in previous studies with glucosamine, soluble glycoproteins of nerve endings turned over relatively rapidly. Pretreatment with acetoxycycloheximide markedly inhibited incorporation of fucose into glycoproteins of brain. In contrast to the results with glucosamine, comparable inhibition was observed for fucose in all subcellular fractions of brain including the particulate and soluble components derived from the nerve-ending fraction.
High performance Si/MgO/graphite composite as the anode for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract The Si/MgO/graphite composite was synthesized by high energy ball-milling and evaluated as a durable anode for lithium-ion batteries. EDX mapping indicated that Si was dispersed homogeneously in the MgO matrix. The composite delivered an initial capacity of ~ 700 mAh/g and maintained a capacity of 630 mAh/g after 74 cycles at 0.5 mA/cm2; even at 8 mA/cm2 it delivered more than 85% of its capacity. Its volumetric capacity is double that of carbon. The coulombic efficiency climbed from 77% in the first cycle to above 99.5% after 20 cycles, and retained that value.
60GHz wire-bond helical antennas in 130nm CMOS technology

This paper presents an on-chip helical antenna concept using bond wires and the top metal layer in a standard 130nm CMOS technology. A row of top metal strips provide bonding pad positions for different antenna configurations. Two prototypes are fabricated targeting millimeter wave data link applications. The measured and simulated results show the center frequencies are 67.5 GHz and 85.0 GHz with −3.8 dBi and −4.9 dBi antenna gains, respectively. Both of the antennas occupy an area of 166µm × 1600µm with the same metal-strip pattern. However, different high-yield wire bonding patterns can lead to a variety of helical antenna options over a wide range of spectrum.
Coolant temperature trends in EBR-II reflector subassembliest

Abstract The radial-reflector subassemblies of the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) are in the form of large hexagonal-shaped steel blocks inserted into a hexagonal-shaped steel duct with sodium coolant flowing upward in the thin space between the blocks and duct. This geometry combined with the small coolant flow rates and gamma energy deposition rates cause the coolant temperature distributions to be greatly affected by intersubassembly heat transfers. Reported are calculated trends of the coolant temperatures in the six facial intraduct gaps of radial reflector subassemblies surrounding a seven-rowed core and a six-rowed core. Effects of overall changes of reflector region flows and powers are also examined.
A Preliminary Examination of AMBER Alert's Effects:

AMBER Alerts are public announcements designed to elicit citizen tips that could help rapidly recover abducted children before they can be harmed by their kidnappers. Using various media accounts a...
A polynomial theory of risk

There exists evidence that subjective expected utility (SEU) theory, the most general of the maximization theories, is an invalid model for decision making. Huang (1971) and Pollatsek (1971) have shown that subjects violate SEU theory if they prefer intermediate variance on a set of gambles when the level of expected value is held constant. There is substantial evidence in the studies cited below that subjects indeed do so. Consequently, the maximization theories do not provide a sufficiently general model for decision making behavior. It is, therefore, necessary to find a general model that will take into account more diverse types of decision making behavior. There are several decision making models in the literature in which risk is an important variable (Royden et al. 1959; Coombs and Pruitt 1960; Pruitt 1962; Van der Meer 1963; Coombs and Meyer 1969; Coombs and Huang 1970b). In order to test these models, risk must be examined in more detail; otherwise, the interpretation of discrepant experimental results will not discriminate between incorrect assumptions about the nature of risk and incorrect assumptions about the decision process. Coombs and Huang (1970a) propose a structure for perceived risk in their paper on the polynomial psychophysics of risk. They define three transformations on games of the form g=(~~.p,z), in which outcome y
Slip velocity ratios in an air-water system under steady-state and transient conditions

Abstract A study was made of slip velocity ratios in air-water flow in a 2 3 4 in. vertical pipe under steady-state periodic conditions. The steady-state data for V g vs. V m fell in a straight line, as suggested by Neal and by Zuber and Findlay. The slope corresponds to C 0 =1·1, which, in conjunction with the rounded void fraction profiles, would indicate very flat velocity profiles. It was found that the time-averaged periodic V g vs. V m data also fell on a straight line, of somewhat steeper slope ( C 0 =1·2), possibly due to a second-order approximation error.
Learning by doing: Action performance facilitates affordance perception

We investigated the effect of action performance on perceptual judgments by evaluating accuracy in judging whether doorways allowed passage. Participants made judgments either before or after walking through doorways of varying widths. Participants in the action-first group benefited from action feedback and made more accurate judgments compared to a perception-first group that judged doorways before walking through them. Action feedback aided perceptual judgments by facilitating scaling to body dimensions: Judgments in the action-first group were strongly related to height, weight, and torso size, whereas judgments in the perception-first group were not.
Progress on ion cyclotron range of frequencies heating physics and technology in support of the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor

Ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heating is foreseen as an integral component of the initial ITER operation. The status of ICRF preparations for ITER and supporting research were updated in the 2007 [Gormezano et al., Nucl. Fusion 47, S285 (2007)] report on the ITER physics basis. In this report, we summarize progress made toward the successful application of ICRF power on ITER since that time. Significant advances have been made in support of the technical design by development of new techniques for arc protection, new algorithms for tuning and matching, carrying out experimental tests of more ITER like antennas and demonstration on mockups that the design assumptions are correct. In addition, new applications of the ICRF system, beyond just bulk heating, have been proposed and explored.
Cross cultural issues in caregiving for persons with dementia: Do familism values reduce burden and distress?

While family caregiving for persons with dementia has been recognized as a major stressor for over twenty years, attention to the role of cultural values in influencing the stress and coping process of caregivers is rarely studied. This article summarizes individual studies from our lab group that include Latino caregivers, Korean and Korean American caregivers, Japanese American caregivers, and African American caregivers. The role of familism as a cultural value that was assumed to lead to greater acceptance of the caregiving role and to better mental health outcomes for caregivers was explored in each of these groups. Familism was found to vary across groups as expected based on acculturation to Western values of individualism. However, the relationship of familism to caregiving burden was not consistent across ethnic groups and was either independent of caregiving outcomes, or was positively correlated with distress. These results suggest that assumptions about cultural influences on caregiving need to be reexamined and explored in greater depth empirically.
On Cussing in Church: In Defence of What’s Within?

In his testimony in McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education, 529 F.Supp.1255 (E.D. Ark. 1982), Michael Ruse cites the lack of integrity and closed-mindedness of Creationists—in addition to Creationism’s untestability, absence of predictive power and tendency to appeal to miracles by way of ‘explanation’ of natural phenomena—as reasons to deny Creationism scientific status. While one may quibble with Ruse’s contention that the character of its advocates bears on Creationism’s claim to be a science, one can at least agree with him that it’s pointless to attempt to shake Creationists from their beliefs by the application of reasoned argument and evidence. Arguing with Creationists, as Ruse’s testimony emphasizes, is like arguing with the business end of a cricket bat: however many bits of empirical evidence or carefully-fashioned argument you lob at them, they whack them undigested right back at you, only harder and a lot nastier. Arguing with Nativists is sometimes like that too. Thus, it is a great relief to find Louise Antony and Robert Matthews expressing their critical reactions to What’s Within? (Cowie 1999) in such reasonable and respectful terms. I am grateful to them for transforming what might have been a thankless task—the writing of this response—into a welcome opportunity to conclude what has clearly been for all of us an illuminating and enriching exchange.
Non-linearities in laser diodes

Abstract Non-linear operating characteristics of semiconductor lasers are described. It is shown that understanding of such features is deepened when use is made of techniques and results from the theory of non-linear dynamical systems. The potential for practical exploitation of the non-linear properties of laser diodes is also examined.
Modal Components in Multiphase Transmission Line Radio Noise Analysis

Modal components are customarily used in transmission line radio noise calculations [1-4]. Complete modal transformation [5] produces attenuation and phase constants (losses and velocities of propagation) within the modes. In order to fully utilize this technique, the frequently adopted assumption of random phase relation between the modes at the point of recombination is replaced by a more exact approach in this paper. The correlation of the modes is found mathematically and compared with approximations discussed in the literature [3, 4]. To the authors' knowledge, the analysis presented here closes a gap in the literature on the subject. Its practical importance is most evident for unsymmetrical corona conditions, as they may exist on double-circuit ac and dc lines, and wherever the contributions from the phases shall be calculated separately.
Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy of white oaks in eastern North America

Identification of Quercus (oak) pollen taxa could enhance Quaternary palynological interpretations from eastern North America. A first step is to determine a morphological and taxonomic basis for such identifications. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to examine exine-surface features of 266 specimens representing 21 red oak (subgen. Erythrobalanus) species from eastern North America, and two intermediate oak (subgen. Protobalanus) species from the desert southwest. Twenty pollen morphological characteristics defined previously were tabulated for each of 324 pollen grains. The data were subjected to cluster analyses. Cluster diagrams were compared with traditional oak systematics. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy compared poorly with respect to series and species relationships among the red oaks, apparently due as much to high intraspecific and low interspecific variability in pollen-morphological characters as to the uncertain taxonomy of red oaks. Pollen morphology, however, does support the hypothesis of subgeneric oak evolution from intermediate oaks to the series Virentes of white oaks, and from more advanced white oaks to the red oak species. 19 references, 25 figures, 1 table.
Synthetic, structural and binding studies of the 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene complex [(η5-C5Me5)Ru(CO)2(η1(S)-4,6-Me2DBT)]BF4: Toward an understanding of deep hydrodesulfurization

The synthesis of the first completely characterized transition-metal complex containing a sulfur-bound 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-Me(2)DBT) ligand, [CpRu(CO)(2)(eta(1)(S)-4,6-Me(2)DBT)]BF(4) (1) (Cp = eta(5)-C(5)Me(5)), is reported. X-ray studies of 1 and its 4-methyldibenzothiophene and dibenzothiophene analogues, [CpRu(CO)(2)(eta(1)(S)-4-MeDBT)]BF(4) (2) and [CpRu(CO)(2)(eta(1)(S)-DBT)]BF(4) (3), show that the Ru-S bond distances increase in the order, 3 < 2 < 1. Equilibrium studies on the series of [CpRu(CO)(2)(eta(1)(S)-DBTh)](+) compounds, where DBTh = DBT, 4-MeDBT, 4,6-Me(2)DBT, and 2,8-Me(2)DBT, show that the relative binding strengths of the dibenzothiophene ligands increase in the order 4,6-Me(2)DBT (1) < 4-MeDBT (20.2(1)) < DBT (62.7(6)) < 2,8-Me(2)DBT (223(3)). These results are the first to quantify the steric effect of 4- and 6-methyl groups on the sulfur-coordinating ability of dibenzothiophenes to transition-metal centers. They are also consistent with the proposal that 4- and 6-methyl groups reduce the coordination of dibenzothiophenes to active metal sites on hydrodesulfurization catalysts, which could account for the slow rate of 4-MeDBT and 4,6-Me(2)DBT hydrodesulfurization in petroleum feedstocks.
International Organization as a Seal of Approval: European Union Accession and Investor Risk

Much of the literature on international institutions argues that membership regularizes expectations about members' future behavior. Using the accession of the postcommunist countries as a test case, this article argues that the EU can send strong signals to financial markets about the trajectory of a particular country. Examining spreads on sovereign debt from 1990 to 2006, this article shows that closing negotiation chapters on domestic economic policy—in other words, receiving a seal of approval from Brussels that previously existing policy reform is acceptable to the wider EU—substantially decreases perceptions of default risk in those countries. That decrease operates independently from policy reform that the country has taken and is also distinct from selection processes (modeled here with new variables, including UNESCO World Heritage sites and domestic movie production, that proxy for cultural factors). Thus, this particular international organization has played an important role in coordinating market sentiment on members, conferring confidence that policy reform alone could not accomplish.
Decreased Incidence of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia After Early Management Changes, Including Surfactant and Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment at Delivery, Lowered Oxygen Saturation Goals, and Early Amino Acid Administration: A Historical Cohort Study

OBJECTIVE The goal was to investigate the clinical impact of 3 early management practice changes for infants of < or = 1000 g. METHODS We performed an historical cohort study of appropriately sized, preterm infants without congenital anomalies who were born between January 2001 and June 2002 (pre-early management practice change group; n = 87) and between July 2004 and December 2005 (post-early management practice change group; n = 76). RESULTS Only 1 (1%) of 87 infants in the pre-early management practice change group received continuous positive airway pressure treatment in the first 24 hours of life, compared with 61 (80%) of 76 infants in the post-early management practice change group. The proportions of infants who required any synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation during their hospital stays were 98.8% and 59.5%, respectively. The mean durations of synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation were 35 days and 15 days, respectively. The combined incidence rates of moderate and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia at corrected gestational age of 36 weeks were 43% and 24%, respectively. The use of vasopressor support for hypotension in the first 24 hours of life decreased from 39.1% (before early management practice changes) to 19.7% (after practice changes), the cumulative days of oxygen therapy decreased from 77 +/- 52 days to 56 +/- 47 days, and the proportions of infants discharged with home oxygen therapy decreased from 25.7% to 10.1%; the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus requiring surgical ligation increased from 1% to 10%. There were no differences in rates of death, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, pneumothorax, necrotizing enterocolitis, or retinopathy of prematurity. CONCLUSIONS Successful early management of extremely preterm infants with surfactant treatment followed by continuous positive airway pressure treatment at delivery, lowered oxygen saturation goals, and early amino acid supplementation is possible and is associated with reductions in the incidence and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Microscale Bioadhesive Hydrogel Arrays for Cell Engineering Applications

Bioengineered hydrogels have been explored in cell and tissue engineering applications to support cell growth and modulate its behavior. A rationally designed scaffold should allow for encapsulated cells to survive, adhere, proliferate, remodel the niche, and can be used for controlled delivery of biomolecules. Here we report a microarray of composite bioadhesive microgels with modular dimensions, tunable mechanical properties and bulk modified adhesive biomolecule composition. Composite bioadhesive microgels of maleimide functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG-MAL) with interpenetrating network (IPN) of gelatin ionically cross-linked with silicate nanoparticles were engineered by integrating microfabrication with Michael-type addition chemistry and ionic gelation. By encapsulating clinically relevant anchorage-dependent cervical cancer cells and suspension leukemia cells as cell culture models in these composite microgels, we demonstrate enhanced cell spreading, survival, and metabolic activity compared to control gels. The composite bioadhesive hydrogels represent a platform that could be used to study independent effect of stiffness and adhesive ligand density on cell survival and function. We envision that such microarrays of cell adhesive microenvironments, which do not require harsh chemical and UV crosslinking conditions, will provide a more efficacious cell culture platform that can be used to study cell behavior and survival, function as building blocks to fabricate 3D tissue structures, cell delivery systems, and high throughput drug screening devices.
Basal local cerebral glucose utilization is not altered after behavioral sensitization to quinpirole.

Abstract Sensitization to psychostimulants results in a behavioral response of a greater magnitude than that produced by a given single dose. Previously, we have shown that sensitization to the D 2 /D 3 dopamine receptor agonist quinpirole produces alterations in quinpirole-stimulated local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) in ventral striatal and limbic cortical regions. To determine whether basal neuronal activity is altered in the sensitized animal, this study examined the effects of a sensitizing course of quinpirole on basal neuronal activity using the [ 14 C]-2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) method in rats with verified sensitization. Adult, male Long–Evans rats ( n = 7 or 10/group) were subjected to 10 injections of quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline administered every 3rd day. Sensitization was verified on the basis of locomotor activity. The 2-DG procedure was performed in freely moving rats 3 days after the last quinpirole injection. LCGU was determined by quantitative autoradiography. No alterations in basal LCGU were detected in quinpirole-sensitized rats compared to those treated with saline. The present finding suggests that either the basal activity of very discrete populations of neurons is affected by sensitization to quinpirole that are not likely to be detected by the 2-DG method, or that the neurobiological changes that result in the sensitized behavioral response affect only stimulated, but not basal, neuronal activity.
Maastrichtian silicoflagellates of the great valley, California

Abstract Fossil silicoflagellates of the genera Corbisema, Cornua, Dictyocha, Lyramula, and Vattacerta are abundant in the Marca Shale Member, Moreno Formation (Maastrichtian). Corbisema is represented by four morphotypes: Corbisema geometrica Hanna, C. geometrica Hanna var. apiculata Jouse, C. trigona (Zit‐tel) Deflandre, and C. triacantha (Ehrenberg) Hanna var. apiculata Lemmermann forma lateradiata Schulz. Corbisema geometrica Hanna is present throughout the section, while the other three morphotypes appear and disappear in irregular cycles. This cyclic occurrence is thought to be a response to fluctuating environmental conditions, with maximum diversity coincident with optimum conditions.
Evolution of point defects during swirl formation in semiconductors

Abstract It is shown that in a system of impurities and intrinsic point defects (vacancies and interstitials) that are generated during the growth of a crystal from the melt, there may arise instabilities in the distribution of the defects. A model is presented for the evolution of these instabilities which may describe the origin of the quasi-periodical distribution of micro-defects in silicon, called swirl defects. This model is an example of the chaos phenomena which occur widely in defect processes due to the nonlinearity of the equations describing the defect processes, in particular, an example of the instabilities which occur in the pre-chaos regime, i.e. short of full chaos.
Linking Classroom Theory to Professional Practice: The Internship as a Practical Learning Experience Worthy of Academic Credit

(2004). Linking Classroom Theory to Professional Practice: The Internship as a Practical Learning Experience Worthy of Academic Credit. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 22-24.
The Systematic Teaching and Recording Tactic (S.T.A.R.T.): A Generic Reading Strategy

This article describes a reading intervention, the Systematic Teaching and Recording Tactic (S.T.A.R.T), to be used in conjunction with curriculum-based measurement. Ongoing assessment, teaching to a criterion, rereading, and reciprocal teaching are major components of the intervention.
Analytical and mechanistic aspects of the room-temperature fluorescence and phosphorescence of benzo(ƒ)quinoline adsorbed on silica gel chromatoplates with humidified gases

Abstract The solid-matrix room-temperature fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence properties of benzo(ƒ)quinoline adsorbed on silica gel chromatoplates were investigated over a wide range of humidities in N2, air and O2. Both neutral and acidic conditions were used and even at the highest relative humidity used, 93% relative humidity, the room-temperature fluorescence and phosphorescence intensities from benzo(ƒ)quinoline were not totally quenched. However, in all experiments, the room-temperature phosphorescence was much more sensitive to humidity quenching than the room-temperature fluorescence. The results gave rather detailed information on quenching of the room-temperature fluorescence and phosphorescence in the different gases at a variety of humidities. It was possible to calculate the contribution to the percent decrease in luminescence due to moisture or a quenching gas. Thus, a more detailed assessment could be made about the quenching of moisture and individual quenching gases on the solid-matrix fluorescence and phosphorescence.
Designing polymeric films having specific metallic luster

The roles of blend composition and process parameters on the metallic luster of extruded polymer films and spray-coated samples have been investigated. The metallic luster is determined by the orientation of platy metallic particles which is determined from X-ray intensity ratio (XIR) of the (200) and (111) planes of the aluminum crystal lattice. The metallic luster is an optical property that is measured by the flop values derived from light scattering measurements. The XIR and flop are useful for monitoring the effect of changes in blend composition and process parameters. Addition of different shaped particles has a different effect on the orientation of aluminum flakes. It is shown that aluminum platy particles orient only when they are first dispersed in an appropriate dispersing polymer. A methodology is developed for matching the metallic luster of both spray-coated and extruded polymer resin formulations by coupling XIR data with the flop values. This methodology is shown to be useful for optimizing the process conditions and composition of polymeric blends containing aluminum flakes needed to achieve the required metallic appearance in polymer films and articles. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The effects of progressive strength training and aerobic exercise on muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness in women with fibromyalgia: A pilot study

Objective. To determine the safety, feasibility and consequences of a program of progressive strength training and cardiovascular exercise in women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Methods. Fifteen women with confirmed FMS were monitored for injury and exercise compliance, and assessed for muscle strength (1-repetition maximum technique), cardiovascular endurance (6-minute walk test), and functional status (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire [FIQ]) before and after a 20-week exercise intervention. Results. Zero injuries and an 81% compliance rate occurred during training. Improvement was seen in muscle strength of the lower (191 ± 75 to 265 ± 67 pounds; P < 0.001) and upper (61 ± 18 to 76 ± 18 pounds; P < 0.001) body, 6-minute walk distance (530 ± 80 to 629 ± 74 meters; P < 0.001), and in FIQ score (44 ± 9 to 32 ± 14; P < 0.01). Conclusion. A program of progressive strength training and cardiovascular exercise can be safe, well tolerated, and effective at improving muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance and functional status in women with FMS without exacerbating symptoms. This program may also contribute to a reduction in the severity of several symptoms.
High-Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of drugs in Biological Fluids I: Warfarin

Abstract A rapid, sensitive and specific high‐pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantitative analysis of warfarin in plasma is described. The method involves a single solvent extraction of warfarin and the internal standard from acidified plasma, followed by evaporation and HPLC analysis. The method is sufficiently sensitive and accurate for most pharmacokinetic studies; concentrations between 0.1 and 4.0 μ g/ml can be measured with a coefficient of variation of 2‐5%. Known metabolites of warfarin do not interfere with the analysis.
Plant distribution and dispersal mechanisms at the Hassayampa River Preserve, Arizona, USA

This study focuses on the relationships between plant dispersal syndromes and plant distributions at the community scale. Species composition and cover are reported from 29 10 × 20-m vegetation plots along five topographic cross-sections in the riparian zone of the Hassayampa River Preserve, Arizona. We find that spatial patterns of dispersal guilds vary within the flood plain of this semiarid region river. Our main results are: (1) wind-dispersed species are fairly evenly distributed at all elevations and distances from the river, whereas cover of animal-dispersed species increases with elevation above, and at greater distances from, the river; (2) wind-dispersed species are proportionally more abundant in the pioneer Populus-Salix community, whereas plants in the late-seral Prosopis community are predominantly animal-dispersed; (3) most of the species classified as obligate-wetland and facultative-wetland are wind-dispersed, whereas facultative-upland and obligate-upland species are mostly animal-dispersed; and (4) there are significantly fewer wind-dispersed species in areas of high total vegetation cover. These results may reflect successional patterns resulting from periodic flooding. Low areas close to the river flood more frequently and with greater intensity than areas farther from the river. Many pioneer species that establish in disturbed areas are wind-dispersed. Over successional time, pioneer species cede to more drought tolerant species that are predominantly animal-dispersed.
Carbocation-Forming Reactions in Ionic Liquids

A number of trifluoroacetates, mesylates, and triflates have been studied in ionic liquids. Several lines of evidence indicate that all of these substrates react via ionization to give carbocationic intermediates. For example, cumyl trifluoroacetates give mainly the elimination products, but the Hammett ρ+ value of −3.74 is consistent with a carbocationic process. The analogous exo-2-phenyl-endo-3-deutero-endo-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl trifluoroacetate gives an elimination where loss of the exo-hydrogen occurs from a cationic intermediate. 1-Adamantyl mesylate and 2-adamantyl triflate react to give simple substitution products derived from capture of 1- and 2-adamantyl carbocations by the residual water in the ionic liquid. The triflate derivative of pivaloin, trans-2-phenylcyclopropylcarbinyl mesylate, 2,2-dimethoxycyclobutyl triflate, the mesylate derivative of diethyl (phenylhydroxymethyl)-thiophosphonate, and Z-1-phenyl-5-trimethylsilyl-3-penten-1-yl trifluoroacetate all give products derived carbocatio...
Direct spectroscopic detection of A′ 5Σ+g state of N2

Abstract The A′ 5 Σ + g state of N 2 was detected for the first time in a direct measurement, using a high-resolution laser absorption technique within the C″ 5 Π u ← A′ 5 Σ + g (ν′ = 0 ← ν″ = 0) band. Evidence is given that the quintet state was created by means of an energy pooling reaction from the A 3 Σ + u state in a pure nitrogen pulsed discharge. From the absolute density measurements of the quintet A′ state and its precursor triplet A state, the upper limit for the destruction rate coefficient of the A′ 5 Σ state by a ground state molecular nitrogen was estimated to be 7 X 10 −12 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 .
Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for vitellogenin of Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop an immunoassay for vitellogenin in Morelet's crocodile ( Crocodylus moreletii ). Blood was collected from wild-caught crocodiles in Belize. Plasma samples from adult females taken during the breeding season were used for vitellogenin purification and samples from adult males were used for comparison. No differences were detected between males and females for plasma total protein concentration, as measured by Coomassie assay. However, denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed that female plasma contained a 210-kDa protein, presumably the vitellogenin monomer, that was absent in adult male plasma. The identity of the putative vitellogenin was confirmed by its cross-reactivity in Western blots with a vitellogenin antiserum that was generated against a conserved vitellogenin peptide sequence. Crocodile vitellogenin was purified by two successive rounds of DEAE chromatography. The purified protein had an apparent molecular mass of 450 kDa, as determined by gel filtration chromatography, and 210 kDa on SDS-PAGE. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was then developed for C. moreletii vitellogenin. The detection limit of the assay was 20.0 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 5.3% and 9.8%, respectively. The recovery of vitellogenin diluted into male plasma was 94.7%. The ELISA assay revealed that vitellogenin levels of adult female plasma during the breeding season ranged from 1.8 to 3.1 mg/mL with a mean of 2.5 ± 0.25 mg/mL. No vitellogenin was detected in adult male plasma. Induction of vitellogenin in Morelet's crocodile may be a useful model system for field studies of crocodile reproduction and for investigations of endocrine disruption in this species.
Monitoring of in-situ curing of various wood-bonding adhesives using acousto-ultrasonic transmission

Abstract Hard maple adherends were bonded with six different types of adhesives while monitoring the curing process by acousto-ultrasonic transmission. Adhesives included hot melt, cellulose nitrate, polyvinylacetate, epoxy, cyanoacrylate, and resorcinol. The adherends were lapped for a 25 × 25 mm bond area and either shimmed or lightly clamped. Standard acoustic emission sensors, 175 kHz transmitter and 75 kHz receiver, were used to generate an RMS voltage output which increased as the adhesive cured. The transmission increase was quantified using a half-time to cure. The diffusion of solvents from cellulose nitrate and cyanoacrylate adhesives appeared to cause complex and variable transmission. Hot melt, polyvinylacetate and resorcinol produced curves similar to those previously reported for epoxies. In all cases, the presence of shims had a dominant effect on the nature of the transmission curves.