cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Site Isolation in Rh-Mo Bimetallic Catalysts Derived from CpRhMo(Co)3(PPh3)2

Recently, several investigations have focused on promoted rhodium catalysts with particular emphasis on the effects of molybdenum and the utilization of organometallic precursors. Miessner and co-workers have published investigations of bimetallic cluster-derived Rh-Mo catalysts. These cluster-derived catalysts have shown significant oxygenate selectivity in CO hydrogenation when compared with bimetallic catalysts made from metal salts. In their recent paper, Miessner and co-workers excluded molybdenum suboxide migration; instead, they explained that the Mo promotion result in oxidation disruption of Rh[sub x] particles and prevents the sintering of Rh. Similar structural arguments were put forth in earlier work on Rh-Mo catalysts derived from separate rhodium and molybdenum carbonyl precursors. The authors concluded that the role of molybdenum on alumina was to site-isolate rhodium in a highly dispersed form with a higher propensity for oxygenate production than larger rhodium particles. The site-isolated form of rhodium approaches the limit of ultrahigh atomic dispersion through textural promotion. In this investigation of Rh-Mo bimetallic catalysts, the authors provide reactivity and infrared spectral results that indicate the promotion of rhodium by molybdenum leads to a site-isolation effect which is enhanced by synthesis of the catalysts with a bimetallic complex precursor. 9 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.
Flash memory file caching for mobile computers

We examine the impact of using flash memory as a second-level file system buffer cache to reduce power consumption and file access latency on a mobile computer. We use trace-driven simulation to evaluate the impact of what we call a FLASHCACHE. We relate the power consumption and access latency of the storage sub-system to the characteristics of the FLASHCACHE: its size, the unit of erasure, and access costs. We find that a FLASHCACHE can reduce the power consumption of the storage subsystem by 20-40% and can improve overall response time by 30-70% when combined with an aggressive disk management policy. When combined with a more conservative policy, power is reduced from 40-70% while overall response time is improved 20-60%. We also find that durability is not a problem; a 4 MB FLASHCACHE will last 33 years. >
Architectural exploration for datapaths with memory hierarchy

In this paper, we present a new design-space exploration algorithm, the architecture explorer (AE), for analyzing performance/cost tradeoffs in memory-intensive applications. AE evaluates FU, bus, and memory cost for a series of performance constraints to produce a performance/cost tradeoff curve. Unlike previous approaches, AE handles both hierarchical and non-hierarchical memory architectures with various speeds of memory. >
From Appearance to Exposure

Moving between references to appearance, co-appearance and exposure in the writings of Jean-Luc Nancy, this article turns on the ways in which Nancy rethinks a number of key phenomenological concepts and so touches on the limits of the phenomenological tradition. Foregrounding Nancy’s frequent appeal to questions of evidence, and situating the term in light of Husserl’s writings as well as those writing in his wake, the article offers a reading of Nancy’s photo-essay ‘Georges’ and of his book on Abbas Kiarostami, The Evidence of Film.
Spontaneous emission rate alteration in optical waveguide structures

Optical microcavities hold technological promise for constructing efficient, high-speed, semiconductor lasers. Achieving the desired effects depends on the degree to which spontaneous emission may be altered by the presence of the cavity. The radiating modes of an oscillating electric dipole placed between two planar metallic mirrors (one-dimensional confinement) and placed in an optical-wire structure (two-dimensional confinement) are discussed. The analysis is carried out using a mode-counting method. The authors show that this method is simpler and more intuitive than traditional classical and quantum electrodynamical calculations. Using the results of the analysis, it is found that an optical wire provides much larger spontaneous-emission-rate alteration than a planar mirror structure. >
Preliminary measurements of shadowing at very low XBj

The ratio of cross sections for inelastic muon scattering on xenon and deuterium nuclei was measured at very low XBj (0.00002<XBj<0.25) for 0.01<Q2<60 (GeV/c)2. The data were taken at Fermilab experiment E665 with an average muon beam energy of 490 GeV incident on 1.1 meter long deuterium and xenon targets. Two largely independent analysis techniques gave statistically consistent results and show a smooth decrease in the ratio of the xenon‐to‐deuterium per–nucleon cross sections from ∼1 to ∼0.7 as XBj decreases from ∼0.1 to ∼0.003. In the XBj range 0.00002 to 0.003, the ratio remains roughly constant at ∼0.7.
The use of charge-coupled polymeric microparticles and micromagnets for modulating the bioavailability of orally delivered macromolecules

Protein drugs have low bioavailability after oral administration, which is due in part to fast transit of the drugs or drug delivery vehicles through the gastrointestinal tract. Increasing the time that the drugs spend in the intestine after dosing would allow for greater absorption and increased bioavailability. We developed a formulation strategy that can be used to prolong intestinal retention of drug delivery vehicles without substantial alterations to current polymeric encapsulation strategies. A model drug, insulin, was encapsulated in negatively charged poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles, and the microparticles were subsequently mixed with positively charged micromagnets, whose size will prevent them from being absorbed. Stable complexes formed through electrostatic interaction. The complexes were effectively immobilized in vitro in a model of the mouse small intestine by application of an external magnetic field. Mice that were gavaged with radio-labeled complexes and fitted with a magnetic belt retained 32.5% of the (125)I-insulin in the small intestine compared with 5.4% for the control group 6h after administration (p=0.005). Furthermore, mice similarly gavaged with complexes encapsulating insulin (120 Units/kg) exhibited long-term glucose reduction in the groups with magnetic belts. The corresponding bioavailability of insulin was 5.11% compared with 0.87% for the control group (p=0.007).
Biogeography of the Intestinal Mucosal and Lumenal Microbiome in the Rhesus Macaque

The gut microbiome is widely studied by fecal sampling, but the extent to which stool reflects the commensal composition at intestinal sites is poorly understood. We investigated this relationship in rhesus macaques by 16S sequencing feces and paired lumenal and mucosal samples from ten sites distal to the jejunum. Stool composition correlated highly with the colonic lumen and mucosa and moderately with the distal small intestine. The mucosal microbiota varied most based on location and was enriched in oxygen-tolerant taxa (e.g., Helicobacter and Treponema), while the lumenal microbiota showed inter-individual variation and obligate anaerobe enrichment (e.g., Firmicutes). This mucosal and lumenal community variability corresponded to functional differences, such as nutrient availability. Additionally, Helicobacter, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus levels in stool were highly predictive of their abundance at most other gut sites. These results quantify the composition and biogeographic relationships between gut microbial communities in macaques and support fecal sampling for translational studies.
The Modulation of Equatorial Turbulence by Tropical Instability Waves in a Regional Ocean Model

AbstractSmall-scale turbulent mixing in the upper Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) of the eastern Pacific cold tongue is a critical component of the SST budget that drives variations in SST on a range of time scales. Recent observations have shown that turbulent mixing within the EUC is modulated by tropical instability waves (TIWs). A regional ocean model is used to investigate the mechanisms through which large-scale TIW circulation modulates the small-scale shear, stratification, and shear-driven turbulence in the EUC. Eulerian analyses of time series taken from both the model and the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array suggest that increases in the zonal shear of the EUC drive increased mixing on the leading edge of the TIW warm phase. A Lagrangian vorticity analysis attributes this increased zonal shear to horizontal vortex stretching driven by the strain in the TIW horizontal velocity field acting on the existing EUC shear. To investigate the impact of horizontal vortex stretching on the turbulent he...
The Effect of Functional Dentition on Healthy Eating Index Scores and Nutrient Intakes in a Nationally Representative Sample of Older Adults

Objective The objectives of this study were to examine the associations between functional dentition and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores and nutrient intakes among older adults in the United States. Methods The sample consisted of 2560 adults, 60 years and over from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. We used multivariate linear regression to examine associations between functional dentition and HEI scores or nutrient intakes controlling for the potential confounding effects of age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), self-reported health, and caloric intake. Dentate status was classified as: edentulous (no natural permanent teeth or implants), 1-20 teeth, or > or =21 teeth. A functional dentition was defined as having 21 or more teeth present. HEI scores and nutrient intakes were based on one 24-hour dietary recall. Results Males with a functional dentition consumed slightly more fruit and had higher alpha- and beta-carotene intakes than edentulous males. Females with any natural teeth had higher vitamin C intakes than edentulous females. There were no significant associations between dentate status and any of the remaining HEI scores or nutrient intakes for either sex. Conclusions Having a functional dentition did not contribute substantially to higher HEI scores or nutrient intakes in this nationally representative sample of older adults. However, older men and women with no teeth or those who wear dentures consumed fewer servings of fruits and vegetables, especially those rich in carotenes and vitamin C, than those with teeth.
Independent factor analysis

We introduce the independent factor analysis (IFA) method for recovering independent hidden sources from their observed mixtures. IFA generalizes and unifies ordinary factor analysis (FA), principal component analysis (PCA), and independent component analysis (ICA), and can handle not only square noiseless mixing but also the general case where the number of mixtures differs from the number of sources and the data are noisy. IFA is a two-step procedure. In the first step, the source densities, mixing matrix, and noise covariance are estimated from the observed data by maximum likelihood. For this purpose we present an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, which performs unsupervised learning of an associated probabilistic model of the mixing situation. Each source in our model is described by a mixture of gaussians; thus, all the probabilistic calculations can be performed analytically. In the second step, the sources are reconstructed from the observed data by an optimal nonlinear estimator. A variational approximation of this algorithm is derived for cases with a large number of sources, where the exact algorithm becomes intractable. Our IFA algorithm reduces to the one for ordinary FA when the sources become gaussian, and to an EM algorithm for PCA in the zero-noise limit. We derive an additional EM algorithm specifically for noiseless IFA. This algorithm is shown to be superior to ICA since it can learn arbitrary source densities from the data. Beyond blind separation, IFA can be used for modeling multidimensional data by a highly constrained mixture of gaussians and as a tool for nonlinear signal encoding.
Service continuations: an operating system mechanism for dynamic migration of Internet service sessions

We propose service continuations (SC), an operating system mechanism that supports seamless dynamic migration of Internet service sessions between cooperating multi-process servers. Service continuations provide a server application with a simple and easy to use abstraction, and a means to migrate the service state along with the serviced connection. SC supports transparent resumption of service to the client of another server, and guaranteed integrity and consistency of communication channels used by server processes. SC is a generic, application independent mechanism that can be used to provide service continuity and availability for today's complex Internet services. We have implemented SC in FreeBSD and used them successfully in three real servers: the Apache Web server, the PostgreSQL transactional database server, and the Icecast streaming server. We present results of an experimental evaluation showing that using SC adds negligible run-time overhead to existing servers and that SC enables efficient dynamic migration of client sessions.
Clinical Predictors of Urinary Tract Infection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objective To identify clinical predictors associated with urinary tract infections (UTI) in patients in a referral neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Study design We performed a nested case control study of all NICU patients with urine cultures obtained as part of late-onset sepsis evaluations from January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007 (N=266). Clinical factors and laboratory results were compared between subjects with positive urine cultures (cases, N= 27) and randomly selected subjects with negative cultures (controls, N= 54). Results Cases were significantly older than controls at the time of urine culture (75 days vs. 29 days, p=0.003). Maximal peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP) did not differ between cases and controls. Only 24% of cases had a simultaneously positive blood culture. In multivariable analysis, only increased chronological age was statistically associated with a positive culture (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.09, 8.39). Conclusion Limited clinical factors exist to identify NICU patients at increased risk for UTI. Peripheral WBC count and CRP do not help discriminate between patients with and without UTI. Clinicians should evaluate chronologically older NICU patients for infection like other young infants, including a urine culture, to adequately identify potential sources of infection.
Hormone therapy in the management of prostate cancer: evidence-based approaches:

Hormonal therapy has been the standard for advanced prostate cancer for over 60 years. Recently, the utility of androgen ablation through various means has been demonstrated for earlier stages of disease. In particular, the strongest evidence to date involves the use of hormonal therapy in combination with radiation therapy. In this article we review the basic concepts in hormonal ablation for prostate cancer and review the evidence-based studies that support the use of hormonal therapy in early stage prostate cancer.
Behavioral, physical, and demographic changes in Drosophila populations through dietary restriction

Dietary restriction (DR) is a valuable experimental tool for studying the aging process. Primary advancement of research in this area has relied on rodent models, but attention has recently turned toward Drosophila melanogaster. However, little is known about the baseline effects of DR on wild-type Drosophila and continued experimentation requires such information. The findings described here survey the effects of DR on inbred, wild-type populations of Canton-S fruit flies and demonstrate a robust effect of diet on longevity. Over a circumscribed range of dietary conditions, healthy lifespan varies by as much as 121% for wild-type Drosophila females. Significant differences are also observed for male flies, but the magnitude of the DR effect is less robust. Mortality analyses of the survivorship data reveal that this variation in lifespan can be attributed to a modulation of the rate parameter for the mortality function - a change in the demographic rate of aging. Since the feeding of fruit flies is less easily controlled than that of rodents, this research also addresses the validity of applying a DR model to Drosophila populations. Feeding and body weight data for flies given the various dietary conditions surveyed indicate that Drosophila on higher-calorie diets consume a similar volume of food to those on a low-calorie diet, resulting in different levels of calorie intake. Fertility and activity levels demonstrate that the diets surveyed are comparable, and that increasing the calorie content of laboratory food up to twice the normal concentration is not pathologic for experimental fly populations.
A novel approach to the estimation of the Hurst parameter in self-similar traffic

We present a new method to estimate the Hurst parameter of the increment process in network traffic-a process that is assumed to be self-similar. The confidence intervals and biasedness are obtained for the estimates using the new method. This new method is then applied to pseudo-random data and to real traffic data. We compare the performance of the new method to that of the widely-used wavelet method, and demonstrate that the former is much faster and produces much smaller confidence intervals of the Hurst parameter estimate. We believe that the new method can be used as an on-line estimation tool for H and thus be exploited in the new TCP algorithms that exploit the known self-similar and long-range dependent nature of network traffic.
RGS protein and G protein interactions: a little help from their friends.

G protein signaling pathways are essential for all aspects of cell and organ physiology, and the involved proteins have long served as primary drug targets. At the most basic level, these proteins include a signal-receiving G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), a transducing heterotrimeric G protein (G
PATHOGENESIS AND PHENOTYPES OF AN X-LINKED RECESSIVE LYMPHOPROLIPERATIVE SYNDROME

A new X-linked recessive lymphoproliferative syndrome has variable phenotypes: fatal infectious mononucleosis (I.M.), agammaglobulinaemia after I.M., American Burkitt's lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, immunoblastic sarcoma of B cells, or plasmacytoma. An immunodeficiency to rubeola and the Epstein-Barr virus probably ensues from the mutant gene. The phenotypes (spectrum of B-cell disorders) have a common inheritance and the aetiology is similar.
Exploring power behaviors and trade-offs of in-situ data analytics

As scientific applications target exascale, challenges related to data and energy are becoming dominating concerns. For example, coupled simulation workflows are increasingly adopting in-situ data processing and analysis techniques to address costs and overheads due to data movement and I/O. However it is also critical to understand these overheads and associated trade-offs from an energy perspective. The goal of this paper is exploring data-related energy/performance trade-offs for end-to-end simulation workflows running at scale on current high-end computing systems. Specifically, this paper presents: (1) an analysis of the data-related behaviors of a combustion simulation workflow with an in-situ data analytics pipeline, running on the Titan system at ORNL; (2) a power model based on system power and data exchange patterns, which is empirically validated; and (3) the use of the model to characterize the energy behavior of the workflow and to explore energy/performance trade-offs on current as well as emerging systems.
Systemization of advanced stroke care: the dollars and sense of comprehensive stroke centers

Stroke center designation is an integral component of maintaining the systems of care for cerebrovascular diseases.1 Organization of hospitals into efficient vehicles of healthcare delivery helps improve clinical outcomes.2 The approval of IV tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) highlighted the need for specialized stroke centers able to quickly mobilize all aspects of care to administer this treatment, due to its strict time window of administration.3 ,4 This led to primary stroke center (PSC) designation. Just as with cardiac ‘STEMI’ (ST segment elevation myocardial infarction) centers, which have increased performance of life saving percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction,5 ,6 PSCs have increased IV tPA utilization.2 ,7 Treatments for cerebrovascular conditions using specialized procedures, such as cerebral aneurysms, require yet additional galvanization of resources. Criteria proposed for PSCs do not specifically mandate neurointerventional availability,8 but the success of the PSC designation process extended itself to designation of comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs) which would possess these (and other) capabilities.9 ,10 A pathway for advanced accreditation of CSCs has been adopted by the Joint Commission (JC) for Hospital Accreditation.11 The current budgetary climate favors centralization of resources; directing care to specific designated stroke centers makes fiscal sense. Sequestering stroke patients in CSCs, which possess the necessary personnel and equipment to provide multimodal treatment, benefits the patient and also spares non-CSC facilities from disbursing these resources, which may be more limited, to patients for whom definitive care is ultimately lacking in their centers. Many hospitals find themselves de facto stroke centers, as forced closures of other neighboring institutions increase their own stroke admission volumes. These hospitals therefore bear responsibility to the communities they serve to fulfill the standards deserving of stroke center designation. Identifying centers able to …
Smoking experimentation and initiation among adolescent girls: qualitative and quantitative findings.

OBJECTIVE: To use qualitative and quantitative findings to describe patterns of smoking experimentation and initiation among adolescent girls. DESIGN: Ethnographic in-person interviews, focus groups, telephone interviews, and a survey questionnaire were used over a one-year period. The paper reports on cross-sectional data drawn from a three-year longitudinal study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: 205 girls participated in the survey and interviews during year 3 of the study. Girls were drawn from two urban high schools in Tucson, Arizona (USA), and were in grades 10 and 11 (mean ages 16 and 17, respectively) during year 3. RESULTS: Overall, 30% (n = 61) of informants reported that they currently smoked, 7% (n = 15) were ex-smokers, and 63% (n = 129) were "non-smokers". The most frequently cited reasons for smoking were stress reduction and relaxation. Several stress-inducing situations, including family environment, social relations with classmates, and schoolwork, are discussed. The notion of peer pressure is re-examined in the light of teenagers9 experience that there is little overt pressure to initiate smoking. Consonant with notions of adolescent autonomy, the theme of independence in smoking initiation and continuation permeated girls9 narratives about their smoking behaviour. Girls projected the image that they could control their cigarettes rather than have their cigarettes control them. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking prevention and cessation programmes need to address and counter the smoking/relaxation association, which was identified as an important reason for smoking among adolescent girls. Questions typically used in surveys to measure smoking behaviour do not adequately define the smoking experience as described by teenagers.
Families’ Early Sessions, Emotional Status, and Treatment Themes

This chapter describes the initial consultation with a psychotherapist who is incorporating family members into the neurorehabilitation process for their loved one. The role of family as a critical adjunct to the treatment of the patient is clarified, also including the limits of a doctor–patient relationship. Factors and considerations in early sessions are provided, encompassing important and common emotional and behavioral presentations by family members, which influence early working hypotheses. A semi-structured interview approach is presented to assist the psychotherapist in obtaining germane aspects of the family’s prior social history as well as their current functional and psychological status. Criteria to establish a baseline of the family’s level of awareness, acceptance, and realism are offered, and are divided into patient-related inquiries and caregiver/support network topics. Later in the chapter, an overview of prominent emotional reactions and psychosocial changes in families after brain injury are provided. These include depression, anxiety, and demoralization; anger and frustration; grief and loss; denial; guilt; identity and social role changes; subjective care burden; and shattering of the assumptive world and loss of sense of self. Lastly, global factors for psychotherapists working effectively with families as well as pervasive treatment themes are described.
Vascular surgery institutional-based quality and performance measures for the care of patients with critical limb ischemia

The intensity and quality of medical care provided to patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) varies by geography, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Although vascular surgery societal performance goals have been set forth, no consensus criteria exist by which to benchmark the quality of health care delivery specifically for CLI patients. We review existing broad performance measures for patients with peripheral vascular disease and suggest those with optimal care delivery suited for CLI (eg, ankle-brachial index, optimal medical therapy, smoking cessation, and duplex surveillance). Further, we propose that diabetic management, degree of wound healing, and quality of life measures be considered as additional quality measures for CLI management. In combination, these criteria provide a simple yet powerful metric that might allow for standardization of CLI care and comparisons across institutions, with the potential for diminishing the disparity that exists in current treatment practices.
Antenatal Cerebral Necrosis in Monochorionic Twins

Antenatal cerebral white matter necrosis occurs relatively frequently in monochorionic twins, particularly when one twin has died in utero or in the twin-twin transfusion syndrome. A case of antenatal cerebral necrosis in both of liveborn monochorionic twins is presented. It is proposed that placental artery-to-artery or vein-to-vein anastomoses may predispose twin fetuses to hemodynamic instability. Fluctuations in blood pressure or blood volume may then result in cerebral necrosis, without requiring the death of one twin or transfer of a blood-borne factor from one twin to the other.
Results of Controlled Double-Blind Study of Thyroid Replacement in Very Low-Birth-Weight Premature Infants with Hypothyroxinemia

The nature of hypothyroxinemia in sick very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants was evaluated by assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and by the clinical response to thyroxine (T4) therapy. Twenty-three very low-birth-weight infants of gestational age 26 to 28 weeks, whose serum T4 concentrations were 4 µg/dL on two occasions, and thyrotropin .05. In two babies treated with T4 the thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone was completely suppressed. Serial serum T4 determinations showed normalization in both groups after a similar time interval. There was no beneficial effect of T4 therapy on growth of head circumference, length, or weight. Developmental data revealed no significant differences in the mental, motor, or gross neurologic outcome in the treated and nontreated infants after 1 year of follow-up. These observations imply that hypothyroxinemia in sick preterm infants is not a direct consequence of hypothyroidism. Despite the lack of demonstrable short-term beneficial effects of T4 therapy, follow-up studies are necessary to resolve the question of long-term benefits.
Abstract 2346: Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors Explain Only Small Proportion of the Variation in Carotid Plaque

Background and Objectives: Subclinical atherosclerotic plaque is an important marker of increased vascular risk. Traditional risk factors explain less than 50% of the variance in atherosclerotic carotid plaque (ACP). Identifying factors underlying unexplained ACP, either deleterious or protective, may help targeting preventive strategies with significant scientific impact and health relevance. We aimed to identify individuals with unexplained subclinical ACP or unexplained protection against ACP using 2-D high-resolution B-mode carotid ultrasound. Methods: As a part of the NINDS carotid imaging project of the Northern Manhattan Study, 1,790 stroke-free individuals (mean age 69±9; 60% women; 61% Hispanic, 19% black, 18% white) were assessed for total ACP burden (TACP), the sum of plaque areas in all carotid arteries (mm2) within an individual and transformed using a cube root function (x1/3) for normality. Multiple linear regression models were conducted: (1) including pre-specified traditional risk factors (age, sex, LDL-cholesterol, diabetes, pack-years of smoking, blood pressure (BP), and treatment for BP); and (2) the best-fit model with addition of socioeconomic and less traditional factors including inflammation biomarkers and homocysteine. The standardized TACP residual scores were constructed from the best-fit regression model to select individuals with unexplained TACP. Results: Prevalence of carotid plaque was 58%. Mean TACP was 12.1±mm2 before the x1/3 transformation. Traditional model (model 1) explained 21% of the variance in TACP ( R2= 0.21). Age (15%), smoking (3%), systolic BP (1.2%), and diabetes (1%) were most contributing factors. The best-fit model (model 2) explained 23% of TACP, with most contribution by age (14%), smoking (3%), systolic BP (1%), fasting glucose (1%), LDL:HDL ratio (1%), diastolic BP (1%), homocysteine (1%) and white blood cell count (1%). Conclusion: Variation in subclinical carotid plaque is largely unexplained by traditional and novel risk cardiovascular risk factors. Identification of genetic and environmental factors underlying unexplained subclinical atherosclerosis is of utmost importance for successful prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke.
Semiotic Modeling: A Pragmaticist’s Guide

Principles of semiotic modeling are presented in such a way that readers are led to understand (1) what semiotic models are and are not (they represent semiosis, the action of signs and the fields that signs create and within which they are enmeshed), (2) what such semiotic models do (they both make the world and help us interact with it, that is, they have ontological and epistemological force), and (3) what readers have to do to make semiotic models themselves (readers are provided with lists of the components or elements of semiotic models as well as with models—models of models—for how to organize said components).
Species and Rat Strain Variation in Pancreatic Nodule Induction by Azaserine

Subtoxic doses of azaserine induced atypical acinar cell nodules (AACN) in the pancreases of outbred Wistar rats, inbred W/LEW and F344 rats, and outbred Charles River CD-1 albino mice 4-6 months after initiation of treatment in the growing animal. These AACN apparently represented preneoplastic lesions, some of which have the potential to develop into adenomas or adenocarcinomas. Wistar and W/LEW rats were highly responsive to nodule induction; AACN developed in about 90% of the outbred Wistar rats and in all of the W/LEW rats tested. F344 rats were less susceptible and developed about 10% as many AACN as the Wistar rats. Female rats developed approximately half as many AACN as males. The mouse was intermediate in response between the F344 and the two Wistar rats. Syrian golden hamsters and strain 13 guinea pigs were relatively unresponsive. These studies of azaserine-induced AACN provided a basis for selection of carcinogenic azaserine regimens and suggested that the young male W/LEW rat was the most sensitive of the animals studied.
Use Of Masw For Geotechnical Site Characterization Using Corrected Triaxial Geophones

A comparison of 3-component surface wave data to uncorrected vertical geophone records at a soft soil site on the flood plain of the Tennessee River is presented. The data is collected using 10 Hz vertical and 4.5 Hz horizontal geophones, which are calibrated against a reference piezoelectric accelerometer and servo-hydraulic testing system. The records from the field associated with MASW survey are corrected for the mechanical response of the geophones using experimentally-determined transfer functions. MASW data are obtained using 1 m geophone spacing with a 22 kg weight dropped from a height of 1.5 m. It is expected that the vertical and radial (horizontal toward the source) geophones will record Rayleigh waves, but the horizontal transverse geophones should not record a Love wave, because it is not generated efficiently by a vertical impact on laterally homogeneous strata. Contrary to expectations, both Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion curves are observed. Rayleigh waves appeared on the vertical and radial geophones, but their dispersion curve cutoff at frequencies lower than approximately 27 Hz. Love wave dispersion was observed on the transverse horizontal geophones at frequencies below 27 Hz. Hypothetically, the Love waves could have been caused by scattering related to small scale in heterogeneities in the soil.
Rejoinder to Oppenheim's “Comment”

I do not think that Professor Oppenheim and I are any nearer agreement, but perhaps the various forks in the road are clearer. I will try to be as fair, as clear, and to the point as Oppenheim has been. I will consider most, but not all, of his replies and will do so in the order he has followed. Oppenheim concedes that he is relying upon the principle that a sentence is cognitively significant if and only if (briefly) it is logically significant or empirically testable, and he claims that this principle is generally accepted by contemporary philosophers of science. I do not think it is generally accepted; indeed, on the page after the one quoted by Oppenheim, Carl Hempel states that he feels "less confident" that such a criterion can establish "sharp dividing lines" between "those sentences which do have cognitive significance and those which do not."' The proper estimate of the current situation is, I think, that whether a general criterion of "cognitive" meaning can be had, and if so, just what it is-are notoriously unsettled questions. If any estimate is correct, it is that among philosophers of language there is widespread suspicion of the neat distinctions between analytic/synthetic, a priori!a posteriori, cognitively meaningful/meaningless which prevailed prior to and during the 1950's. The work of W. V. 0. Quine and Noam Chomsky has only muddied the waters further. These remarks do not an argument make, but they call attention to the fact that contemporary investigations are liable to undermine rather than support Oppenheim's principle of meaning. To mention, finally, just one specific reason for doubting Oppenheim's principle, as stated it rules out (strictly speaking) as meaningless all questions and commands.2 In his third reply (3) Oppenheim attributes to me the view that one is justified in believing that moral principles are true or false without believing that they can be known to be true or false. But I did not make that claim; I claimed only that one might believe a moral judgment to be true or false without believing there was a
Metal-free catalysis of persulfate activation and organic-pollutant degradation by nitrogen-doped graphene and aminated graphene.

Abstract We evaluated three types of functionalized, graphene-based materials for activating persulfate (PS) and removing (i.e., sorption and oxidation) sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as a model emerging contaminant. Although advanced oxidative water treatment requires PS activation, activation requires energy or chemical inputs, and toxic substances are contained in many catalysts. Graphene-based materials were examined herein as an alternative to metal-based catalysts. Results show that nitrogen-doped graphene (N-GP) and aminated graphene (NH2-GP) can effectively activate PS. Overall, PS activation by graphene oxide was not observed in this study. N-GP (50 mg L−1) can rapidly activate PS (1 mM) to remove >99.9% SMX within 3 h, and NH2-GP (50 mg L−1) activated PS (1 mM) can also remove 50% SMX within 10 h. SMX sorption and total removal was greater for N-GP, which suggests oxidation was enhanced by increasing proximity to PS activation sites. Increasing pH enhanced the N-GP catalytic ability, and >99.9% SMX removal time decreased from 3 h to 1 h when pH increased from 3 to 9. However, the PS catalytic ability was inhibited at pH 9 for NH2-GP. Increases in ionic strength (100 mM NaCl or Na2SO4) and addition of radical scavengers (500 mM ethanol) both had negligible impacts on SMX removal. With bicarbonate addition (100 mM), while the catalytic ability of N-GP remained unaltered, NH2-GP catalytic ability was inhibited completely. Humic acid (250 mg L−1) was partially effective in inhibiting SMX removal in both N-GP and NH2-GP systems. These results have implications for elucidating oxidant catalysis mechanisms, and they quantify the ability of functionalization of graphene with hetero-atom doping to effectively catalyze PS for water treatment of organic pollutants including emerging contaminants.
Stress and Deformation Evaluations of Scanning Strategy Effect in Selective Laser Melting

Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) has emerged as one of the primary metal additive manufacturing technologies used for many applications in various industries such as medical and aerospace sectors. However, defects such as part distortion and delamination resulted from process-induced residual stresses are still one of the key challenges that hinder widespread adoptions of SLM. For process parameters, the laser beam scanning path will affect the thermomechanical behaviors of the build part, and thus, altering the scanning pattern may be a possible strategy to reduce residual stresses and deformations through influencing the heat intensity input distributions. In this study, a 3D sequentially coupled finite element (FE) model was developed to investigate the thermomechanical responses in the SLM process. The model was applied to test different scanning strategies and evaluate their effects on part temperature, stress and deformation. The major results are summarized as follows. (1) Among all cases tested, the out-in scanning pattern has the maximum stresses along the X and Y directions; while the 45° inclined line scanning may reduce residual stresses in both directions. (2) Large directional stress differences can be generated by the horizontal line scanning strategy. (3) X and Y directional stress concentrations are shown around the edge of the deposited layers and the interface between the deposited layers and the substrate for all cases. (4) The 45° inclined line scanning case also has a smaller build direction deformation than other cases.
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

An overwhelming majority of patients with these syndromes have an identifiable psychiatric disorder, which can often be diagnosed and treated by the primary physician. Guidelines for evaluation and management are offered.
INCIDÊNCIA DO VÍRUS HIV EM UM MUNICÍPIO DA GRANDE SÃO PAULO NO ANO DE 2014

O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar a incidencia do virus HIV, de importância publica, analisar possiveis meios de prevencao e cuidados com a populacao vulneravel. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa descritiva, epidemiologica, transversal, por meio da analise das fichas de notificacao do Sistema de Informacao de Agravos de Notificacao. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram maior incidencia em populacao masculina, heterossexual, jovem, parda e com baixa escolaridade. Concluiu-se que as politicas publicas devam ser voltadas para a prevencao, principalmente, daquela populacao, cujo fornecimento de testes rapidos para diagnostico, educacao em saude e a distribuicao gratuita de preservativos colaboram nos niveis de prevencao primaria e secundaria. Deve-se dar especial atencao as coinfeccoes e a informacao distribuida a populacao.
Satellite Linearizers for Q, V and W-band

The need for the transmission of information at ever greater data rates is moving satellites to the millimeter-wave (MMW) bands. These satellites will need linear power amplifiers (PAs) to allow the efficient transmission of this information. This paper discusses progress in advancing the state of the art of PA linearization at the Q, V and W downlink satellite bands. The use of analog predistortion (PD) at MMW is discussed, and the characteristics of flight linearizers in development for these bands described. Linearized MMW TWTAs are shown to achieve an AM/PM of 30 dB with an EVM of < 2%.
Intraoperative TTE inferior vena cava monitoring in elderly orthopaedic patients with cardiac disease and spinal-induced hypotension

Objective To address the role of transthoracic echocardiography in inferior vena cava (IVC) monitoring in the management of haemodynamically unstable elderly patients subjected to lower limb orthopaedic surgery under spinal anesthesia. Possible implications in the postoperative care unit (PACU) length of stay (LOS) are investigated. Methods 41 elderly patients with cardiac diseases were recruited. Patients experiencing intraoperative haemodynamic instability (diastolic blood pressure ≤ 60 mmHg) were divided into two groups according to right atrial pressure (RAP), (RAP < 5 mmHg and RAP between 5 and 10 mmHg) as measured by inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI). Haemodynamic instability was treated with normal saline infused at a constant rate supplemented by phenylephrine (PHE) infusions titrated to normal blood pressure values. Intraoperatively comparisons of peak PHE infusion rates and all episodes of hypotension, including in the PACU, were recorded among groups. The patients' PACU LOS and associated factors were assessed. Results The intraoperative peak PHE infusion rate and the incidence of haemodynamic instability in the postoperative period were significantly higher in patients with RAP < 5 mmHg. The total PHE consumption was also higher in patients with RAP < 5 mmHg postoperatively. The primary risk factor for a prolonged stay in PACU, as determined by multiple regression analysis was RAP. Conclusions Patients with high dynamic collapsibility of the IVC may require aggressive treatment to restore their haemodynamic status. Additionally, intraoperative levels of RAP, as measured by IVCCI, can act as a predictor for increased LOS in the PACU.
The Multiple Roles of the Oncogenic Protein SKI in Human Malignant Melanoma

Cellular localization, association with different protein partners, and posttranslational modifications can dramatically change protein function. SKI and the highly homologous protein snoN are potent repressors of transforming growth factor-β signaling through their association with the Smad proteins. In fact, SKI can act as molecular switch converting the Smad proteins from an activating to a repressing entity on chromatin. SKI also plays additional roles in melanomas: in association with the LIM protein FHL2 activates β-catenin signaling, a pathway associated with cancer progression. This chapter reviews the transcriptional co-repressor and co-activator activities of SKI and discusses their biological significance for melanoma tumor progression.
The transforming growth factors beta in development and functional differentiation of the mouse mammary gland.

The transforming growth factors beta (TGF-s) are multifunctional regulators with diverse effects on a variety of developmental processes and differentiated functions. In the mammary gland, a considerable amount of evidence has accumulated indicating that TGF- 3 plays a critical role during several phases of the mammary cycle. TGF-(3 regulates growth and patterning of the mammary ductal tree in the virgin mouse. During pregnancy, TGF-s is required for alveolar development and functional differentiation, while at the same time inhibiting secretion of milk proteins. At parturition this inhibition is lifted, permitting initiation of lactation.
An Initial Assessment of Minimum Film Boiling Temperature Correlations and Comparison to Experimental Data

The minimum film boiling temperature (TMFB) separates the unstable transition boiling region, where the liquid can contact the heated surface, and the post-CHF regime, where vapor can prevent the liquid from contacting the heated wall. This paper presents a review of minimum film boiling temperature correlations and describes a new technique to measure TMFB. The experiment proposed was simulated by TRACE and the same behavior was observed experimentally.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Tribute to Dillon McDaniel

A dear friend and colleague, Dillon H. McDaniel, passed away unexpectantly at his home in Placitas, New Mexico on May 1, 2012. We give tribute to a lifetime of work and contribution to the field of high-energy density science, pulsed power, and megagauss physics.
Anomalous network architecture of the resting brain in children who stutter

Abstract Purpose We combined a large longitudinal neuroimaging dataset that includes children who do and do not stutter and a whole-brain network analysis in order to examine the intra- and inter-network connectivity changes associated with stuttering. Additionally, we asked whether whole brain connectivity patterns observed at the initial year of scanning could predict persistent stuttering in later years. Methods A total of 224 high-quality resting state fMRI scans collected from 84 children (42 stuttering, 42 controls) were entered into an independent component analysis (ICA), yielding a number of distinct network connectivity maps (“components”) as well as expression scores for each component that quantified the degree to which it is expressed for each child. These expression scores were compared between stuttering and control groups’ first scans. In a second analysis, we examined whether the components that were most predictive of stuttering status also predicted persistence in stuttering. Results Stuttering status, as well as stuttering persistence, were associated with aberrant network connectivity involving the default mode network and its connectivity with attention, somatomotor, and frontoparietal networks. The results suggest developmental alterations in the balance of integration and segregation of large-scale neural networks that support proficient task performance including fluent speech motor control. Conclusions This study supports the view that stuttering is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder and provides comprehensive brain network maps that substantiate past theories emphasizing the importance of considering situational, emotional, attentional and linguistic factors in explaining the basis for stuttering onset, persistence, and recovery.
Motivic Milnor fibre of cyclic L∞-algebras

We define the motivic Milnor fiber of cyclic L∞-algebras of dimension three using the method of Denef and Loeser of motivic integration. It is proved by Nicaise and Sebag that the topological Euler characteristic of the motivic Milnor fiber is equal to the Euler characteristic of the etale cohomology of the analytic Milnor fiber. We prove that the value of Behrend function on the germ moduli space determined by a cyclic L∞-algebra L is equal to the Euler characteristic of the analytic Milnor fiber. Thus we prove that the Behrend function depends only on the formal neighborhood of the moduli space.