cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pragmatic paradoxes and ironies of indigeneity at the “edge” of Hopi sovereignty

In this article, I explore the paradoxes of language, cultural difference, and law in Hopi jurisprudence. In it, I analyze the metapragmatic "talk about courtroom talk," whereby actors frame court discourse in shifting relations to Hopi cultural distinctiveness and sovereignty, exemplifying how language mediates the cultural politics of Hopi law. I thus argue for a reconsideration of the usual binaries of indigenous identity-in which claims to cultural distinctiveness are either libratory or reifying, autochthonous or other determined-suggesting that a sharper picture of cultural politics takes these antinomies together as the ironic dialectics constituting the emergent "edge" of indigenous governance today.
Activity and Participation in Late Antiquity and Early Christian Thought . By Torstein Theodor Tollefsen. Oxford Early Christian Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. ix + 229 pp. $125.00 cloth.

(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)Activity and Participation in Late Antiquity and Early Christian Thought . By Torstein Theodor Tollefsen . Oxford Early Christian Studies. Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2012. ix + 229 pp. $125.00 cloth.Book Reviews and NotesFramed with the question of how Palamas's essence-energies distinction relates to the earlier tradition of the Greek fathers, Torstein Theodor Tollefsen provides an in-depth study of essence, activity/energy, and participation in the late patristic period with a focus upon Gregory of Nyssa, Pseudo Dionysius, and Maximus the Confessor. After exploring the development of philosophical thinking related to activity and participation up through Neoplatonism, Tollefsen situates the development of Christian theology from the fourth through seventh centuries. When he turns to Palamas, Tollefsen ultimately argues that Palamas's ideas of "essence, activity, and participation . . . are primarily in accordance with what we have already seen" (200). The major difference is merely terminological. His argument about Palamas is interesting and helpful, but the primary value of the monograph is to provide one of the broadest discussions of activity and participation in the Greek patristic tradition.The focus of the study is on "activity," a helpful new gloss for energia rather than the traditional "energy." Others have explored this topic, but Tollefsen advances the discussion by providing a larger overview of the development of doctrine, beginning with Greek philosophy found in Plato, Aristotle, and Plotinus and then exploring Greek theologians explain the mysteries of the Trinity, creation, and salvation. Through the heart of the study of the patristic writers his main interlocutors are David Balas and David Bradshaw. When turning to the question of Palamas and his interaction with the patristic tradition, Tollefsen uses John Meyendorff and John Zizioulas as his discussion partners.After establishing the initial context of the "activity" discussion in the fourth century Trinitarian debates, the heart of the monograph is a succession of chapters, which diachronically explore various aspects of theology. That is, each of the four main chapters explore individual topics--the immanent trinity (chapter 3), creation (chapter 4), the incarnation (chapter 5), and salvation/deification (chapter 6)--and each highlights the progression of thought about essence, activity, and participation from Gregory of Nyssa to Pseudo Dionysius to Maximus the Confessor. Tollefsen could have chosen to address each author individually rather than progressing topically. I think the topical progression is the better choice, but at times it was difficult in the later chapters to keep each author's ideas straight. For instance, in the chapters about the incarnation and salvation it could be difficult to remember the specifics of the discussion about Nyssen in the Trinity and creation chapters. …
A fabrication method for the integration of vacuum microelectronic devices

The sharply pointed tip of the emitter is the only physical structure in typical field emission vacuum microelectronic devices that is not commonly produced by standard integrated circuit fabrication processes. The authors suggest the use of a cusp which naturally forms when a hole is filled with a conformal film, as a mold to create the sharply pointed emitter. Not only is this tip formation method easily integrated with standard semiconductor processes to produce cathodes, diodes, triodes, and higher number electrode devices, but it is also self-aligned to all of the electrodes within the device structure. The authors describe the basic process sequence used to create a microtriode device and then show how the process can be altered to produce different numbers of electrodes and freestanding cathode structures. Preliminary experimental results are described and estimates of process reproducibility are analyzed and discussed. >
Assessing the Organizational Culture in a Jail Setting

The culture of an organization shapes much that occurs in that environment. Leaders who are oblivious of their organizational culture are less likely to succeed. Organization members who do not understand the culture may be vulnerable to its more negative influences. Assessing the key attributes of an organizational culture in an agency is a tricky but important enterprise. In this research, we pre-tested an instrument that could be used, in tandem with others, to assess the organizational culture of a criminal justice agency’s (in this case a jail). We focused on the perceptions of the ‘lower level’ workers in this organization.
Dietary fluoride intake in man.

The fluoride content of a large number of constant metabolic diets, of individual dietary items, and of general hospital diets was determined in the Chicago area. The average fluoride content of the constant metabolic diet, exclusive of the fluoridated drinking water, ranged from 1.6 to 1.9 mg/day over a period of 6 years. The fluoride content of the general hospital diet was similar to that of the constant metabolic diet. The dietary fluoride intake was equally distributed in the three meals (breakfast, lunch, and supper) in the metabolic diet and in the general hospital diet. When the drinking water was temporarily not fluoridated in the Chicago area, the general hospital diet contained about half the amount of fluoride as that during water fluoridation, the average values being 0.86 mg vs. 1.96 mg/day, respectively. The infor mation obtained by determining the dietary fluoride intake is useful for estimating the retention of fluoride in man as the pathways and patterns of fluoride excretion during different intakes of fluoride have been described. J. Nutr. 104: 1313â€"1318,1974.
THE ANATOMY OF CONGENITAL TALIPES EQUINOVARUS: SIXTEEN DISSECTED SPECIMENS.

The anatomical findings in sixteen dissected specimens of infantile congenital talipes equinovarus have been described. The findings were uniform and essentially the same as those found in forty-four of the fifty-two previously reported dissections. Congenital talipes equinovarus is a composite deformity involving all of the tissues of the foot. There are no simple or isolated defects such as contracted bands or peroneal-muscle atrophy, but each tissue conforms to the equinus and varus position. The major bone deformity resides in the talus. Its neck and articular surface for the navicular deviate to face medially and plantarward. Its subtalar surfaces are tilted into varus and equinus and are medially rotated. Since the remainder of the foot is articulated with the distorted hind part of the foot, the fore part falls into supination, equinus, and medial rotation (Figs. 4 and 6). The relationship of the findings in the dissected specimens to the club-foot deformity seen in patients has been discussed, and arthrograms demonstrating this deformity in the club-footed patient have been presented. Therapy was not discussed.
Determination of the Thermal Noise Limit of Graphene Biotransistors

To determine the thermal noise limit of graphene biotransistors, we have measured the complex impedance between the basal plane of single-layer graphene and an aqueous electrolyte. The impedance is dominated by an imaginary component but has a finite real component. Invoking the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, we determine the power spectral density of thermally driven voltage fluctuations at the graphene/electrolyte interface. The fluctuations have 1/fp dependence, with p = 0.75–0.85, and the magnitude of fluctuations scales inversely with area. Our results explain noise spectra previously measured in liquid-gated suspended graphene devices and provide realistic targets for future device performance.
Stabilizing the relative position of millirobots inside an MRI scanner considering magnetic interaction forces

The concept of navigating groups of magnetically propelled particles through the fluid-filled passageways of the body provides the potential to perform highly localized diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The use of MRI scanners to both navigate and propel millimeter-scale robots has received recent attention. MRI-based motion planning and control laws have been proposed that can achieve independent position control of multiple robots despite the system being underactuated, i.e., the same magnetic gradients are experienced by all the robots. To date, however, these analyses have neglected the magnetic interaction forces and torques between these robots. Thus, the question of whether or not the relatively weak gradients can stabilize the particles as they approach each other has remained open. This paper investigates this question by analyzing interaction forces and torques experienced inside an MRI scanner. It is shown that interaction torques can be neglected in the presence of the strong central field of the scanner. Using the reduced force-based model, a lower bound on separation distance is derived and it is shown that this bound could be achieved if the system was fully actuated. Considering underactuation, simulation demonstrates that Model Predictive Control can stabilize pairs of robots at separation distances 2.5–3 times the lower bound on separation distance.
Characterization of aberrant c-Myc phosphorylation and stability in acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia

xiv CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND 2 C-MYC STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 2 C-MYC CONTROLS MANY CELLULAR PROCESSES 8 REGULATION OF C-MYC EXPRESSION 12 C-MYC IS ESSENTIAL FOR HEMATOPOIESIS 19 C-MYC PROMOTES HEMATOPOIETIC TUMORS IN MICE 22 C-MYC IS COMMONLY DEREGULATED IN HUMAN LEUKEMIA 25 STATEMENT OF THESIS 30 CHAPTER 2: ABERRANT STABILIZATION AND PHOSPHORYLATION OF C-MYC IN LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA 31 ABSTRACT 3
Trinity: The Scientific Basis of Vitalism and Transcendentalism

Albert Einstein said that "the most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is at all comprehensible." Law given as an action that is found within a symmetry implies nothing about an absolute determinism (or causation). Rather, the law is held together by a middle-term that marries the forward presentation to its reception. Symmetry is like a mirror, and the action is balanced enough to become a law. However, when Smith notes that the middle-term is ineffable he brakes strongly away from Platonic strictures that never change. The "law" of nature reveals an action that is imbedded on a symmetry, and (in one example) the photon as messenger particle touches the time-less. Einstein`s riddle is solved. The world is comprehensible because we had to feel its laws, and this truism is comprehensible. It could be no other way! You can find this book at Amazon: Trinity: The Scientific Basis of Vitalism and Transcendentalism .
The ADA, the Workplace, and the Myth of the 'Dangerous Mentally Ill'

Under the ADA, an employer may not act based on generalized fears about the risk of violence by persons with mental disorders. The ADA's direct threat provision prohibits reliance on such 'common sense' fears, which are often erroneous assessments of risk. Instead, Congress imposed a standard requiring a direct threat determination based on an individualized inquiry into the actual, current risks posed by the individual applicant or employee. Following this assessment, the employer may exclude or restrict the individual only if the risk is 'significant,' rather than remote or speculative. Moreover, if that risk can be sufficiently reduced or eliminated by reasonable accommodations, including modifications to workplace practices, then the employer may not exclude the employee. This article examines current scientific literature about the link between mental disorders and violence and assesses that evidence under the rigorous standards of the direct threat defense. It then explores two important implications of that assessment for employers. First, employers may not determine categorically that persons diagnosed with mental disorders present a significant risk of workplace violence and therefore must be excluded from the workplace or restricted in their job duties. The direct threat defense is specifically designed to replace such generalized fears with individualized inquiries. Second, under the ADA employers must assess the risk of violence in the workplace, not in a vacuum, and in light of reasonable accommodations to reduce that risk. Here the implications of the social science research are considered, including the emerging consensus that violence arises out of situations and relationships rather than solely from an individual's disposition. Thus, the employer's duty to reduce or eliminate risks through reasonable workplace accommodations may open the door to demands that an employer undertake measures to change workplace dynamics to reduce the risks of violent confrontations.
The Stability of the Active Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser and Its Application in a Novel Electro-Optic Sampling System

The relationship of high-harmonic modulation and the pulse width is observed during the process of stabilizing an active mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser. A novel electro-optic sampling system is proposed with actively mode-locked fiber lasers.
Genetics of Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Inheritance of Xanthine Dehydrogenase, Hexokinase, Malate Dehydrogenase, and Esterase Allozymes in Two Subspecies of D. longicornis1

The modes of inheritance for allozymes of xanthine dehydrogenase (Xdh), hexokinase (Hk), malate dehydrogenase (Mdh), and an esterase (Est-m) were determined by electrophoretic analyses of specimens from intra- and intersubspecific crosses of Diabrotica longicornis longicornis (Say) and D. I. barberi Smith and Lawrence. Comparisons of P1 and corresponding F1 enzyme patterns provided evidence of co-dominant alleles segregating at autosomal loci for Xdh, Hk, and Mdh. A sex-limited autosomal locus was implicated in the expression of Est-m electromorphs. The data indicate that the various allozyme systems are allelic in the two subspecies.
Mechanism by which calcium phosphate coprecipitation enhances adenovirus-mediated gene transfer.

Delivery of a normal copy of CFTR cDNA to airway epithelia may provide a novel treatment for cystic fibrosis lung disease. Unfortunately, current vectors are inefficient because of limited binding to the apical surface of airway epithelia. We recently reported that incorporation of adenovirus in a calcium phosphate coprecipitate (Ad:CaPi) improves adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to airway epithelia in vitro and in vivo. To understand better how coprecipitation improves gene transfer, we tested the hypothesis that incorporation in a CaPi coprecipitate increases the binding of adenovirus to the apical surface of differentiated human airway epithelia. When a Cy3-labelled adenovirus was delivered in a coprecipitate, binding increased 54-fold as compared with adenovirus alone. Moreover, infection by Ad:CaPi was independent of fiber knob-CAR and penton base–integrin interactions. After binding to the cell surface, the virus must enter the cell in order to infect. We hypothesized that Ad:CaPi may stimulate fluid phase endocytosis, thereby facilitating entry. However, we found that neither adenovirus nor Ad:CaPi coprecipitates altered fluid phase endocytosis. Nevertheless, Ad:CaPi preferentially infected cells showing endocytosis. Thus, CaPi coprecipitation improves adenovirus-mediated gene transfer by coating the epithelial surface with a layer of virus which enters cells during the normal process of endocytosis.
Teaching Statistics with Current and Historical Events: An Analysis of Survivor Data From the Sinking of the HMT Birkenhead, the RMS Titanic, and the Korean Ferry MV Sewol

Statistical examples can feel remote to students, especially if the variables under consideration are ambiguous. However, life or death is not ambiguous but very concrete. Three different historical shipwrecks offer an abundance of ways to demonstrate the relevance and importance of statistics. Here, we discuss statistical outcomes associated with the loss of three ships: the HMT Birkenhead in 1852, the RMS Titanic in 1912, and the Korean ferry MV Sewol in April 2014. These disasters can serve as examples for demonstrating the relevance of statistics to current events. Statistics in these historical events can help students see that the survival rates of different groups of passengers were very different, with medium to large effect sizes. Even if statistical analyses cannot answer all of the questions about why some passengers had higher survival rates than others, they can lead to further productive qualitative or quantitative research into such questions.
Using satellite imagery and GPS technology to create random sampling frames in high risk environments.

Abstract Introduction Health surveys are important tools for assessing needs and informing policy decisions. However, obtaining representative samples is challenging in environments without traditional infrastructure or census data. We describe a method using satellite imagery, geographic information systems and GPS technology to obtain an accurate sample of such a population. Methods The Kerenik Camp in Darfur is a conflict-heavy environment with 25,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs). We requisitioned high-resolution satellite imagery of the camp prior to arrival. Structures identified as potential domiciles were geocoded with a unique ID and coordinate. A random selection of ID numbers formed the representative sample. Researchers visited these coordinates using handheld GPS devices and administered surveys to the inhabitants. Results 2219 geocoded points were visited. Of these, 1655 (74.6%) proved to be unique domiciles. Our survey participation rate was 87.1%. The overall effective rate of completed survey per geocoded point visited was 39.1%. Discussion Our sampling technique offers several advantages when surveying vulnerable populations. It permits the establishment of a sampling frame without need for traditional infrastructure, such as addresses or telephones. Sampling frames can be constructed remotely and prior to survey initiation, important considerations for insecure environments where time on the ground may be limited. Conclusion This technique can be used for any setting requiring a random sample, but is especially useful in insecure environments and survey areas without accessible census data, postal addresses, or telephone numbers. Sampling frames can be constructed remotely and prior to survey initiation, important considerations for environments where time on the ground may be limited.
Micromachined Three-Dimensional Photonic Band Gap Crystals

In analogy to electrons in a crystal, the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in a three-dimensional dielectric structure can be forbidden for a certain range of frequencies. These three-dimensional structures that are called photonic band gap crystals, have recently received both theoretical and experimental attention [1–3]. The early research in the field has concentrated on possible optical frequency range applications that take advantage of reduced spontaneous emission, such as thresholdless semiconductor lasers and single-mode light-emitting diodes. The proposed applications were later extended to the millimeter and sub-millimeter wave regime, like efficient antennas, sources, waveguides and other components that take advantage of the unique properties of photonic bandgap materials [4]. But, the difficulties associated with the fabrication of smaller scale structures along with the unfeasible three-dimensional structure designs, have restricted the experimental demonstration of the basic photonic band gap crystals to microwave frequencies (12–15 GHz).
Unconventional Expressions: Productive syntax in the L2 acquisition of formulaic language

This article presents a generative analysis of the acquisition of formulaic language as an alternative to current usage-based proposals. One influential view of the role of formulaic expressions in second language (L2) development is that they are a bootstrapping mechanism into the L2 grammar; an initial repertoire of constructions allows for statistical induction of abstract grammatical categories, such that formulaic language is the data source from which syntactic rules are derived. This study brings evidence to bear on this debate from three studies of the acquisition of conventional expressions by L2 learners of English. A total of 271 learners and 58 native speakers completed either an oral conversation-simulation task or an aural-written elicited imitation task. The data show that while learners exhibit knowledge of both contextualized use and the lexical core of conventional expressions, production data reflect the morphosyntactic knowledge of learners at particular stages of development. Formulai...
Pop Math and Protocols

A mathematician in Moscow and another in New York are talking long distance about a joint paper they have written which they have been invited to present at a meeting in Paris. Because both of them would like to go but only one can, they decide that the only fair thing is to leave it to chance. “All right” says the Russian, “I just tossed a coin. Is it heads or tails?” “Wait a minute,” says the American, “that’s not fair.” “What’s the matter?” says the Russian. “Don’t you trust me? All right then, I give you the number 32357650571 0846612139746964423009788488853006293190845009410037062 5655448971039595527235426169795539, and if you tell me correctly whether its largest prime factor is congruent to 1 or to —1 modulo 4, you can give the paper.” After the American makes his guess the Russian reveals the prime factorization, which in this case happens to be 56123699566021020558766279166381074847903158831 451 × 57654165390541998 801236990031588314500658098016489, and the American can verify the multiplication and the primality of the factors.
Murine Corneal Inflammation and Nerve Damage After Infection With HSV-1 Are Promoted by HVEM and Ameliorated by Immune-Modifying Nanoparticle Therapy.

Purpose To determine cellular and temporal expression patterns of herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM, Tnfrsf14) in the murine cornea during the course of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection, the impact of this expression on pathogenesis, and whether alterations in HVEM or downstream HVEM-mediated effects ameliorate corneal disease. Methods Corneal HVEM levels were assessed in C57BL/6 mice after infection with HSV-1(17). Leukocytic infiltrates and corneal sensitivity loss were measured in the presence, global absence (HVEM knockout [KO] mice; Tnfrsf14-/-), or partial absence of HVEM (HVEM conditional KO). Effects of immune-modifying nanoparticles (IMPs) on viral replication, corneal sensitivity, and corneal infiltrates were measured. Results Corneal HVEM+ populations, particularly monocytes/macrophages during acute infection (3 days post infection [dpi]) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) during the chronic inflammatory phase (14 dpi), increased after HSV-1 infection. Herpes virus entry mediator increased leukocytes in the cornea and corneal sensitivity loss. Ablation of HVEM from CD45+ cells, or intravenous IMP therapy, reduced infiltrates in the chronic phase and maintained corneal sensitivity. Conclusions Herpes virus entry mediator was expressed on two key populations: corneal monocytes/macrophages and PMNs. Herpes virus entry mediator promoted the recruitment of myeloid cells to the cornea in the chronic phase. Herpes virus entry mediator-associated corneal sensitivity loss preceded leukocytic infiltration, suggesting it may play an active role in recruitment. We propose that HVEM on resident corneal macrophages increases nerve damage and immune cell invasion, and we showed that prevention of late-phase infiltration of PMN and CD4+ T cells by IMP therapy improved clinical symptoms and mortality and reduced corneal sensitivity loss caused by HSV-1.
Decision-Making Under the Conditions of Uncertaint for the Long-Term Forecasting of the Development of the Energy Complexes

Abstract On the basis of detailed studies of the energy complex of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, and taking into account the particularity of the investigated object as a large and complex system, a procedure for decision-making (PDM) or choice of variants under the conditions of system's functioning (uncertainty, risk) has been developed. Based on the fuzzy sets theory, multicriterion optimization etc a unified process for obtaining and chftice of a decision which begins with structuring of the arrays of development scenarios, continues through the investigation procedure and ends with a choice of variants and estimation of the consequences of the decision made on the development scenario, including the metasystem (environment), has been developed. By using this procedure, on the basis of selected variants of development, complex programs for management decision-making have been tested. The procedure developed has a universal structure and can be used for investigation of other national energy complexes
The Summarization of Creative Content

We study and model the process by which humans summarize creative documents (e.g., from a movie script to a synopsis). We develop a customized topic model based on Poisson Factorization and inspired by the creativity literature, which links the text in a summary to the text in the original document. Traditional Poisson Factorization approximates documents as positive combinations of topics, i.e., as points in the cone defined by a set of topics (in the Euclidean space defined by the words in the vocabulary). The model proposed here captures not only this “inside the cone” portion of a document, but also the “outside the cone” portion that is not explained by a combination of common topics. The model captures how these two types of content are weighed in summaries as compared to full documents. In addition, it captures writing norms that influence the extent to which each topic appears in summaries compared to full documents. We apply this model to a dataset of marketing academic papers and their abstracts, and to a dataset of movie scripts and their synopses. We illustrate a practical application of our research by creating a public, online interactive tool meant to serve as a “sounding board” for users interested in writing summaries of creative documents.
Abstract #5366: The N2-deoxyguanosine adducts of mitomycins with mitosene-1-\#914; stereochemistry efficiently kill cells with compromised p53 through proteasome-mediated degradation of Chk1

Despite the importance of p53-independent cell death, little is known about the activation of such pathways. At least 50 percent of all cancers do not have a functional p53-pathway. We see that the mitomycin derivative 10-decarbamoyl mitomycin C (DMC), in contrast to mitomycin C (MC), can rapidly activate a p53-independent cell death pathway, which lacks markers for activation of an apoptotic death pathway. We recently reported that MC and DMC induce cellular cytotoxicity in human cells with wild-type p53, while only DMC shows significant cell death activity in the absence of wild-type p53. Nevertheless, it was unclear if the difference in cell death activity was due to the observed ability of DMC to form the alternative stereoisomeric 1-\#946; mono and 1-\#946; cross-link DNA adducts of guanine in human cell lines resulting in differential molecular signaling. In this study, we compared the DNA adducts and the cellular regulation of molecular targets upon treatment with MC and DMC in human cancer cell lines with or without wild-type p53. Compared to MC, DMC treatment produced substantially more 1-\#946; mono- and 1-\#946; cross-link DNA adducts, as measured by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (Paz et al. Chem. Res.Toxicol., In Press). In addition, DMC-treatment resulted in abnormal nuclear morphology and increased cytotoxicity in human cancer cells with compromised p53 activity. We further established that DMC provoked a p53-independent cell death pathway that correlates with the formation of novel stereoisomeric DNA-adducts leading to down-regulation of Chk-1. Interestingly, Chk1 depletion was prevented by inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, suggesting that DMC-DNA adducts may activate this proteolytic pathway. However, the observed decrease in the levels of ubiquitinated proteins upon DMC treatment was not caused by a direct change in proteasome activity suggesting that changed kinase signaling might be the cause of an activated pathway. Both MC and DMC have similar cytotoxicity upon depletion of Chk1 by siRNA, implicating loss of Chk1 as an important component in the DNA damage induced cell death pathway. In summary, we demonstrated that DMC generates significantly more mitosene-1-\#946; stereoisomeric DNA adducts than MC and causes down-regulation of Chk1 through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. These studies suggest that mitosene-1-\#946; guanine adducts of DNA induce rapid and effective cell death of cancers with compromised p53, a cell type not rapidly killed by MC. This work was supported by a NIH SCORE Grant (1SC1CA137843-01), The Breast Cancer Research Foundation and was facilitated by a NIH Research Centers in Minority Institutions award from the Division of Research Resources (RR-03037) to Hunter College. EB is supported by the MBRS-RISE minority program at Hunter College. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5366.
miR-145 Antagonizes SNAI1-Mediated Stemness and Radiation Resistance in Colorectal Cancer.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been closely linked with therapy resistance and cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, EMT pathways have proven challenging to therapeutically target. MicroRNA 145 (miR-145) targets multiple stem cell transcription factors and its expression is inversely correlated with EMT. Therefore, we hypothesized that miR-145 represents a therapeutic target to reverse snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1)-mediated stemness and radiation resistance (RT). Stable expression of SNAI1 in DLD1 and HCT116 cells (DLD1-SNAI1; HCT116-SNAI1) increased expression of Nanog and decreased miR-145 expression compared to control cells. Using a miR-145 luciferase reporter assay, we determined that ectopic SNAI1 expression significantly repressed the miR-145 promoter. DLD1-SNAI1 and HCT116-SNAI1 cells demonstrated decreased RT sensitivity and, conversely, miR-145 replacement significantly enhanced RT sensitivity. Of the five parental colon cancer cell lines, SW620 cells demonstrated relatively high endogenous SNAI1 and low miR-145 levels. In the SW620 cells, miR-145 replacement decreased CSC-related transcription factor expression, spheroid formation, and radiation resistance. In rectal cancer patient-derived xenografts, CSC identified by EpCAM+/aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)+ demonstrated high expression of SNAI1, c-Myc, and Nanog compared with non-CSCs (EpCAM+/ALDH−). Conversely, patient-derived CSCs demonstrated low miR-145 expression levels relative to non-CSCs. These results suggest that the SNAI1:miR-145 pathway represents a novel therapeutic target in colorectal cancer to overcome RT resistance.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS IMPLICATED IN COLD HARDINESS OF CITRUS TREES1

Abstract. Seasonal trends in physiological factors associated with leaves of citrus in the field were studied in relation to cold hardiness. The factors were total sugars, proline, amino acids (minus proline), water-soluble proteins, starch, ATP and water content; xylem-pressure potential; and osmotic potential of expressed sap. Sugars, proline, and water content, and osmotic potential of expressed sap, all of which have been correlated with cold hardiness of citrus trees in controlled-temperature environments, were correlated with mean lethal temperatures and with average air temperatures in the field. But data variability largely precluded any immediate use of these physiological factors as indexes of citrus cold hardiness in practical citriculture.
Towards a mechanism for selenocysteine incorporation in eukaryotes

The recent identification and cloning of two key proteins involved in the cotranslational incorporation of selenocysteine in eukaryotes has allowed the investigation of the mechanism by which the internal UGA codons of selenoprotein mRNAs are recoded from a canonical reading as termination, to encode selenocysteine. These proteins, selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) binding protein 2 (SBP2), and eukaryotic selenocysteyl-tRNA[Ser]Sec-specific elongation factor (eEFsec), represent the first trans-acting protein factors clearly demonstrated to be involved in selenocysteine incorporation in eukaryotes. This chapter will focus on the cloning of eEFsec, in addition to presenting a discussion of prevalent current models describing the mechanism of selenocysteine incorporation in eukaryotes.
Interleukin-1β Protects Neurons against Oxidant-Induced Injury via the Promotion of Astrocyte Glutathione Production

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a key cytokine that drives neuroinflammation in the Central Nervous System (CNS), is enhanced in many neurological diseases/disorders. Although IL-1β contributes to and/or sustains pathophysiological processes in the CNS, we recently demonstrated that IL-1β can protect cortical astrocytes from oxidant injury in a glutathione (GSH)-dependent manner. To test whether IL-1β could similarly protect neurons against oxidant stress, near pure neuronal cultures or mixed cortical cell cultures containing neurons and astrocytes were exposed to the organic peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH), following treatment with IL-1β or its vehicle. Neurons and astrocytes in mixed cultures, but not pure neurons, were significantly protected from the toxicity of t-BOOH following treatment with IL-1β in association with enhanced GSH production/release. IL-1β failed to increase the GSH levels or to provide protection against t-BOOH toxicity in chimeric mixed cultures consisting of IL-1R1+/+ neurons plated on top of IL-1R1-/- astrocytes. The attenuation of GSH release via block of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) transport also abrogated the protective effect of IL-1β. These protective effects were not strictly an in vitro phenomenon as we found an increased striatal vulnerability to 3-nitropropionic acid-mediated oxidative stress in IL-1R1 null mice. Overall, our data indicate that IL-1β protects neurons against oxidant injury and that this likely occurs in a non-cell-autonomous manner that relies on an increase in astrocyte GSH production and release.
Facilitating Help-Seeking Behavior Among Medical Trainees and Physicians Using the Interactive Screening Program

Physician and trainee distress, from burnout and depression to suicide risk, has been recognized as a serious threat to physicians, health care systems and to the optimal delivery of health care. To address this problem, the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) adapted the Interactive Screening Program (ISP) for use by medical schools nationwide. Much is known about the problem, but less is known about the effectiveness of programs and solutions. This program evaluation utilized data from six medical schools' implementation of ISP over a seven-year period (2007–2013) to quantify openness to help-seeking and engagement with each step of program outreach. Descriptive statistics were used to quantify participants' engagement: reviewing the counselor's response; exchanging dialogue messages with the counselor; requesting to meet with the counselor in person; and requesting referral for mental health treatment. Chi-square distribution tests were used to determine differences in level of risk and r...
Providing trauma-informed care to women exiting prostitution: assessing programmatic responses to severe trauma.

Women in prostitution (WIP) experience extremely high levels of sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and are significantly more likely to experience mental health issues and trauma than the genera...
Self-Reported Moral Emotions and Physical and Relational Aggression in Early Childhood: A Social Domain Approach

This study examined discrepancies between 4- and 7-year-olds' (n = 135; Mage = 5.65) self-reported affect following hypothetical moral versus social-conventional transgressions and their associations with teacher-rated physical and relational aggression concurrently and 9-months later. Negative emotion ratings in response to prototypical moral transgressions were not associated with children's aggression. When transgressions were described as no longer prohibited by rules and authority figures, children reporting more negative affect in response to moral as compared to conventional violations were less physically aggressive at Wave 1 and showed relative and mean-level declines in physical aggression over time. Relational aggression was not associated with self-reported emotions. Findings indicate the importance of distinguishing between types of transgressions and forms of aggression in studying moral emotions.
Pipeline Embolization of Giant Cavernous Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm with Direct Carotid Puncture and Arteriotomy Closure Device: Neuroendovascular Surgical Video

Flow diversion technology has revolutionized the treatment of complex anterior circulation cerebral aneurysms. However, vessel tortuosity and atherosclerotic disease may hamper the standard transfemoral access used in these procedures. Percutaneous direct carotid puncture is a viable alternative, but adequate carotid closure must be achieved. Here, we present the first case of a giant partially thrombosed aneurysm of the cavernous internal carotid artery treated with a Pipeline embolization device (PED; ev3 Neurovascular, Irvine, California, USA) via direct carotid puncture. A 79-year-old female presented with bilateral giant cavernous internal carotid artery aneurysms. She was successfully treated with PED on the right side and failed treatment with PED on the left side using a transfemoral approach due to common carotid artery tortuosity. She was lost to follow-up but presented 3 years later with worsening left eye pain and ophthalmoplegia. Percutaneous direct carotid puncture was performed under ultrasound guidance, and a 6-French sheath was inserted. Using roadmap guidance, a Marksman microcatheter (ev3 Neurovascular) with the support of a Navien intermediate catheter (ev3 Neurovascular) was advanced into the left middle cerebral artery, and 4 PEDs were deployed within the paraclinoid and cavernous segments of the internal carotid artery to completely cover the neck of the aneurysm. Carotid closure was performed for the first time with a Mynx collagen plug device (AccessClosure, Inc., Mountain View, California, USA). The patient recovered from the procedure without any complications, and her ophthalmoplegia partially improved. Informed patient consent for the procedure and for publication was obtained (Video 1).
3-D Printed Flexible Heterogeneous Substrates with Customizable Gain and Bandwidth

This paper presents a 3-D printed flexible heterogeneous substrate for wearable antennas with customizable bandwidth and gain. These performance parameters are modified by varying the ratio of percentage area of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) to NinjaFlex. Five flexible 3-D printed mlcrostrlp patch antenna (MPA) prototypes are designed, realized and measured each with different percentage area ratios, where the MPA’s RF performance is characterized with curvature. The live substrate designs are based on a combination of rigid ABS tiles of triangular shape surrounded with flexible NinjaFlex. All five designs show minimal antenna sensitivity to curvature, with a minimum resonant frequency shift of less than 1.2%. Results closely agree with simulations. Increasing the ABS area increases the MPA’s gain, but reduces the bandwidth and increases substrate rigidity. This results in a highly customizable and cost-effective substrate that allows the antenna designer flexibility in the choice of design parameters.
Long-term sorption and desorption of uranium in saprolite subsoil with nanoporous goethite

Abstract Long-term (2–3 months) batch U(VI) sorption-desorption experiments were conducted to understand the long-term sorption-desorption behavior of U(VI) in saprolite subsoils from Oak Ridge Field Research Center (ORFRC), Tennessee, which contained naturally occurring nanoporous goethite. Three subsoil samples containing a range of dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) extractable Fe oxide content (7138, 11,161, and 22,582 mg Fe/kg) were used for the experiments. Sorption of 50 μM U(VI) to the subsoils in the presence of Ca2+ and HCO3− at circumneutral pH occurred rapidly during the first 2 days, after which slow U(VI) sorption continued over 3 months. U(VI) desorption from the soils by 10 mM NaHCO3 solution exhibited an initial fast desorption step during the first 24 h, followed by slower desorption over a week. Sorption of 50 μM U(VI) for 1 day to 3 months in the presence or absence of Ca2+ consistently resulted in higher U(VI) sorption to saprolite soil with higher amount of nanoporous goethite, while desorption of U(VI) for 1 week to 2 months was consistently lower in saprolite soil with higher amount of nanoporous goethite. Saprolite subsoils containing higher amounts of nanoporous goethite exhibited more resistant U(VI) desorption, and the proportions of irreversible U(VI) sorption increased with longer residence time with soils. These results indicates that more U(VI) became bound to the internal surfaces of nanoporous iron oxides during long-term sorption. This study suggests that naturally occurring nanoporous goethite may exert a significant role in controlling the mobility and transport of U(VI) in historically contaminated sites that have existed over decades.
In Tempore Belli: Crumb’s Black Angels and the Vietnam War

Crumb describes “dark currents” and “musical vibrations from the surrounding world” of the Vietnam War as crucial to shaping Black Angels. Beyond its unearthly sound palette, Crumb’s work depicts t...
The Future of Online Instruction, Part 1

Part one of a two-part series explores the failure of e-learning to meet the expectations of its 20th century proponents.
Social Capital and IT as predicates of Collective Mindfulness and Business Risk Mitigation: A Grounded Theory Development

This study explores the idea that an organization’s internal social capital may underpin its corporate risk mitigation dynamic. We examine factors such as standard work routines, dense personal networks and shared understandings existing within the organization as antecedent to two specific aspects of Collective Mindfulness, being Commitment to Resilience and Deference to Expertise. We further examine the role played by the information systems platform deployed by the firm in amplifying these dynamics. We then examine the impact of these two aspects of collective mindfulness on the Risk Mitigation efforts essayed by employees vis-a-vis both the marketing and the operational functions of the firm. All these dynamics are explored using grounded theory methodology and the case study approach, based on interview data collected at a global commercial receivables management firm. Finally, managerial implications and future avenues of research flowing from insights presented in this paper are discussed.
Clones: Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go

Framed by the recurring image of fences in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go, this chapter traces an historical transition from traditional humanist institutions to posthuman networks, governed by mobile, prosthetic technologies. Once the narrator, Kathy H., and her classmates leave their disciplinary boarding school, they realize that they’re clones whose internal organs will someday be harvested. Waiting for her “donations” to begin, Kathy works as a “carer,” travelling England’s expressways from clinic to clinic, caring for clones and reflecting on her childhood. This new biomedical network reveals a form of mobile discipline that keeps Kathy and others moving along their pre-programmed paths, often exhausted by the caffeine and gasoline propelling them forward. In this way, the clones not only offer us a new language for understanding biotechnological labour, but they also foreground a slippage between workers’ bodies and the circulation of products under neoliberal regimes of human capital.
An assessment of factors influencing bear viewing experiences on the Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge: implications for management

The Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska called for an assessment of visitor experiences at the Frazer bear viewing area. A two-phase visitor survey in 2016 reached ≥74% of total Frazer bear v...
Mixed Energy Source Charging Architecture for Electric Rickshaws

Electric Vehicles (EV) are perceived as a solution for environmental pollution and global warming. In India, Erickshaws are a major form of transportation in urban and rural areas and are classified as Electric Vehicles. E-rickshaws work on battery and the existing battery charger technology uses grid AC power to recharge. A major chunk of AC power is still generated by thermal power plants and it is fossil fuel based. A possible solution is to use renewable power to augment our energy needs. This strategy is applied to EV chargers in this paper. The charger has one input port connected to grid through a diode bridge rectifier, another input port to connect to solar PV using a DC/DC converter and a third output port is used to charge a battery. A Dual Active Bridge isolated DC/DC converter is used to provide galvanic isolation between the energy sources and the E-rickshaw battery. The DAB is interfaced to the grid using a diode bridge and solar PV using a Current-fed Switched Converter (CFSC). A 1.5 kW lab prototype is used to verify the concept of mixed energy charging and optimal charging algorithm.
A multisite study of nurse-reported perceptions and practice of ABCDEF bundle components

Abstract Objectives ABCDEF bundle implementation in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is associated with dose dependent improvements in patient outcomes. The objective was to compare nurse attitudes about the ABCDEF bundle to self-reported adherence to bundle components. Research methodology/design Cross-sectional study. Setting Nurses providing direct patient care in 28 ICUs within 18 hospitals across the United States. Main outcome measures 53-item survey of attitudes and practice of the ABCDEF bundle components was administered between November 2011 and August 2015 (n = 1661). Results We did not find clinically significant correlations between nurse attitudes and adherence to A wakening trials, B reathing trials, and sedation protocol adherence (rs = 0.05–0.28) or sedation plan discussion during rounds and A wakening and B reathing trial C oordination (rs = 0.19). D elirium is more likely to be discussed during rounds when ICU physicians and nurse managers facilitate delirium reduction (rs = 0.27–0.36). E arly mobilization is more likely to occur when ICU physicians, nurse managers, staffing, equipment, and the ICU environment facilitate early mobility (rs = 0.36–0.47). Physician leadership had the strongest correlation with reporting an ICU environment that facilitates ABCDEF bundle implementation (rs = 0.63–0.74). Conclusions Nurse attitudes about bundle implementation did not predict bundle adherence. Nurse manager and physician leadership played a large role in creating a supportive ICU environment.