cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigating the role of macrophages in tumor formation using a MaFIA mouse model

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) interact with tumors in their development, growth and metastatic activities. Using a transgenic mouse model that allows for the selective depletion of macrophages we were able to access the macrophage's potential to facilitate metastasis. In the MaFIA (Macrophage Fas-Induced Apoptosis) mouse, transgene-expressing cells of the myeloid lineage undergo death by apoptosis in the presence of the drug AP20187. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was fused to the suicide gene to allow identification of transgene-expressing cells. Tumor induction was accomplished by subdermal and intravenous injections of B16-F10 melanoma cells. Metastasis in mice with depleted macrophages was compared to metastasis in normal control mice. The lungs and kidneys were examined for metastatic cells. The macrophage-depleted groups showed significantly less metastasis (P>0.001) compared to the control groups. We theorize that macrophages may aid the metastatic process by fusing with melanoma cells. Using appropriate cell markers and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we were able to detect a small population of double-positive cells. We confirmed cell fusion by microscopic analysis, visualizing the cell's morphology by both immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The presence of double-positive cells suggests macrophage/cancer cell fusion could be a possible mechanism for metastasis.
Near-Earth Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Sensor Suite Testing and Evaluation

This paper describes a test rig that is used to design and test sensor suites for unmanned air vehicles (UAV) operating in near-earth like environments such as forests, caves and urban canyons. The test rig employs a six degree-of-freedom gantry. Inside its workspace is a full-scale diorama of the environment. Surrounding the gantry are lamps, fans, and generators to reproduce lighting, rain and obscurants typical of such environments. A sensor pod is mounted at the gantry end-effector. The acquired data is fed into a high-fidelity math model of the real UAV. The output is then used to drive the gantry to move the sensor pod in the real world environment. The net effect is a hardware-in-the-loop system that emulates the real UAV’s motions and responses in near-Earth environments. The test rig is important because there is little to no data on sensor performance metrics of UAV in near-Earth environments.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Applying Protection Motivation Theory to Information Security Training for College Students

As Internet and Web technologies have been used in different fields by various organizations, cyber security has become a significant public concern for the society as a whole. There is a broad con...
Interactions between polypeptides derived from barley and other beer components in model foam systems

The impact of a range of variables on the foaming properties of hordein- and albumin-derived fractions from barley has been investigated. When foamed using nitrogen, the hordein-derived polypeptides produce the most stable foams. However, when carbon dioxide was the foaming agent, the previously reported observations were repeated, namely that proteolysis weakens the foaming capabilities of albumin, whereas partial hydrolysis enhances the stability of foams derived from hordein. At lower levels of bitterness (iso-α-acid) addition there is a reduction in foam stability of albumin-derived polypeptides, although hordein-derived polypeptides can withstand this destabilising effect. Higher bitterness levels in both instances lead to a stabilisation of foam. It is likely that this involves ionic interactions between the acid anion (pK of iso-α-acids is ca 3.1) and divalent cations, because higher pHs (in the range 3.8–4.6) and the addition of zinc lead to an enhancement of foam stability, particularly of the albumin-derived fractions. The foaming of the latter, however, is significantly impaired by the presence of ethanol, whereas hordein-based foams are enhanced by increasing concentrations of ethanol. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
FREE VIBRATIONS OF UNIFORM TIMOSHENKO BEAMS WITH LUMPED ATTACHMENTS

The concise eigenvalue equation for the free vibration of a combined dynamical system, obtained by means of the Lagrange multipliers formalism, can also be extracted by using the more straightforward and simpler assumed modes method
Significance of the free volume for metastability, spinodals, and the glassy state: An exact calculation in polymers

A lattice model of semiflexible linear chains (with equilibrium polydispersity) containing free volume is solved exactly on a Husimi cactus. A metastable liquid (ML) is discovered to exist only at low temperatures and is distinct (and may be disjoint) from the supercooled liquid (SCL) that exists only at high temperatures. The free volume plays a significant role in that the spinodals of the ML and SCL merge and then disappear as the free volume is reduced. The Kauzmann temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{K}}$ occurs in the ML without any singularity. At ${T}_{\mathrm{MC}}g{T}_{\mathrm{K}},$ the ML specific heat has a peak. For infinitely long polymers, the peak height diverges and the free volume vanishes at ${T}_{\mathrm{MC}},$ resulting in a continuous liquid-liquid transition. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, both ${T}_{\mathrm{K}}$ and ${T}_{\mathrm{MC}}$ occur in the ML and not in the SCL.
Letting in the Light: The emergence of an information‐based civil society in post‐dictatorship Argentina, 1984‐2004

In 1983, democratic elections ended a seven‐year military dictatorship in Argentina, bringing the end of a violent military dictatorship and its campaign to eliminate what it labelled ‘subversive elements’ within Argentine society. Alongside the regime’s human victims, information and archives also suffered severely. Document raids of social organisations were common, and the military junta worked to actively destroy any records it deemed threatening or simply inappropriate. When civilians returned to power, they moved to initiate wide‐spread educational reforms, many of which focused on the development of libraries and archives. This article examines information repositories ‐ archives, libraries, and museums ‐ as small organisations and institutions empowered by the new civilian administration to emerge as prominent players in Argentina’s democratic transition.
Pressure Effects on the Respiration of Vertically Migrating Decapod Crustacea

SYNOPSIS. The respiration of five species of North Atlantic decapods was measured under conditions of pressure and temperature which allow calculation of the metabolism of these animals in the oceans. The species were: Systellaspis debilis, Acanthephyra purpurea, Oplophorus spinosus, Parapandalus richardi , and Sergestes crassus . Results indicate a tendency for metabolism to remain relatively constant with depth, the decrease due to lower temperature offset by an increase due to rising pressure. This contrasts with previous work with epipelagic euphausids which tended to have greatly reduced metabolism with increasing depth. Perhaps the metabolic rate of the decapods must remain high enough for them to remain effective predators throughout their depth range, by day as well as night.
Kinematic Form and Scaling: Further Investigations on the Visual Perception of Lifted Weight

Observers are able to judge accurately the weight lifted by another person when only the motions of reflective patches attached to the lifter's major limb joints and head can be seen (Runeson & Frykholm, 1981). What properties of these complex kinematic patterns allow judgments of weight to be made? The pattern of variation in velocity of the lifted object over position is explored as a source of information for weight: It is found to provide limited information. How are variations in kinematic patterns scaled to allow judgments of weight, a kinetic quantity? The possibility of a source of information for scaling in the kinematics is investigated. Judgments based only on patch-light displays are accurate to a degree that is improved by an extrinsic scaling basis. Finally, the sensitivity to scaling of alternative metrics used in judging is explored. Intrinsic metrics are discovered to be less sensitive to the absence of an extrinsic basis for scaling.
The use of the arthroscope as an adjunct in the resection of a chondroblastoma of the femoral head

We present a case of the use of an arthroscope as an adjunct in the resection of a tumor (chondroblastoma) of the femoral head. Use of the endoscope in this case allowed preservation of the femoral head and neck. Although the arthroscope has been used intraarticularly for the resection of tumors, to our knowledge it has not been used endosteally.
Paradox of peramorphic paedomorphosis: heterochrony and human evolution.

This paper reviews Gould's clock model for heterochronic processes and uses that model to develop simple matrix representations of growth and shape change. Matrix representations of growth and development provide a common formulation for all heterochronic processes. In particular, we show how neoteny can be diagnosed using such a matrix approach. The literature is rife with contradictory representations of how neoteny affects growth allometries and the timing of developmental events, and therefore of the role of neoteny in human evolution. Through the use of multivariate models, we explore these relationships and the internal consistency of opposing views. Gould's neoteny hypothesis for human evolution has been criticized for a number of reasons. Humans do not grow slowly. The slopes of our growth allometries show no common pattern of change vis-a-vis those of our closest relatives. Humans prolong rather than reduce rates of growth and development of body parts; the brain, for example, ceases growing later in humans than in apes, but during this prolonged period of early ontogeny, it grows at a rapid pace. This paper evaluates Gould's hypothesis and its critiques by focusing on particular questions. Does neoteny imply slow growth? Does it imply a unidirectional change in the rates of growth of traits? Under neoteny, should the brain cease growing in ancestor and descendant at the same age? Does prolongation of phases of growth and development confute neoteny? On the other hand, is paedomorphosis an inevitable consequence of prolonged growth and development? We show that, for all of these questions, the answer is no.
By the Ball Screw Drive a New Initiative Knee Joint Structure Design

Passive AKPs being currently in use do not respond to the needs of daily living activities of many amputees. For example, it is diﬃcult to climb stairs with natural posture and to adjust the stiﬀness of the knee joint motion during the swing phase. Therefore this paper proposes the instantaneous center with variable rotating multiaxial knee, the multiaxial four league rod mechanism composition, have bionic similarity, involving active knee mechanism design and experiment. Artificial limb main part is through motor based on active control knee flexion knee actuator.This paper was designed by the ball screw electric a new initiative knee institutions.
The Biologic Behavior of Balloon Hyperinflation–Induced Arterial Lesions in Hypercholesterolemic Pigs Depends on the Presence of Foam Cells

Lack of a large-animal model of accelerated atherosclerosis has limited study of the biologic behavior of atherosclerotic lesions. We hypothesized that mechanical vascular trauma combined with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia would result in rapid development of complex atherosclerosis-like lesions. Accordingly, we induced deep injury to a carotid artery by repetitive balloon hyperinflations in minipigs that were fed either an atherogenic diet (n = 30) or a standard diet (controls, n = 4) and examined the resultant lesions 1 month later. The neointimal lesions that evolved in 23 patent vessels from cholesterol-fed animals were complex, exhibiting infiltration of smooth muscle and foam cells and evidence of organized thrombus, recent thrombus, hemorrhage, and calcification. Lesions were separable histologically into two groups: foam-cell rich (n = 12), with 33 +/- 10 foam cells per high-power field, and foam-cell poor (n = 11), with 4 +/- 1 foam cells per high-power field. Minipigs with foam cell-rich lesions had higher serum cholesterol levels than those with foam cell-poor lesions (712 +/- 178 vs 468 +/- 240 mg/dL, P < .02). The incidence of intralesional thrombus was also significantly greater in foam cell-rich than in foam cell-poor lesions (50% vs 9%, P < .04). In addition, the degree of luminal stenosis was greater in the presence of lesions containing thrombus compared with those without thrombus (60 +/- 38% vs 30 +/- 29%, P = .05). Lesions in the control animals were fibrocellular and lacked foam cells and thrombus. Thus, hypercholesterolemia appeared to affect lesion composition and behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Deposition of antimicrobial coatings on microstereolithography-fabricated microneedles

Microneedles are small-scale needle-like projections that may be used for transdermal delivery of pharmacologic agents, including protein-containing and nucleic acid-containing agents. Commercial translation of polymeric microneedles would benefit from the use of facile and cost effective fabrication methods. In this study, visible light dynamic mask microstereolithography, a rapid prototyping technique that utilizes digital light projection for selective polymerization of a liquid resin, was used for fabrication of solid microneedle array structures out of an acrylate-based polymer. Pulsed laser deposition was used to deposit silver and zinc oxide coatings on the surfaces of the visible light dynamic mask microstereolithography-fabricated microneedle array structures. Agar diffusion studies were used to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of the coated microneedle array structures. This study indicates that light-based technologies, including visible light dynamic mask microstereolithography and pulsed laser deposition, may be used to fabricate microneedles with antimicrobial properties for treatment of local skin infections.
dis Ability Awareness in Physical Education

(2000). dis Ability Awareness in Physical Education. Strategies: Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 12-29.
Comparative immunohistochemical demonstration of peptide F- and other enkephalin-containing neurons in the enteric nervous system of the rat.

The immunohistochemical localization of peptide F and the related enkephalins met5-enkephalin (met-enk), leu5-enkephalin (leu-enk), met5-enkephalin-arg6-Phe7(met-enk-arg-phe); and met5-enkephalin-arg6-gly7-leg8 (met-enk-arg-gly-leu) was in vestigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique in the enteric nervous system of the rat. Peptide F-like immunoreactivity was widely distributed within neuronal structures throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the rat. Peptide F-containing nerve cell bodies were meinly located in the myenteric plexus, and only rarely were seen in the submucosal plexus. Peptide F-immunoreactive nerve fibers were principally present in the myenteric plexus and circular muscle layer; few were found in the submucosal plexus, longitudinal muscle layer, muscularis mucosa, and mucosa. No peptide F-containing fibers were found associated with blood vessels in the gut. By comparing the distribution of immunoreactive peptide F with other related enkephalins met-enk, leu-enk, metenk-arg-phe, and met-enk-arg-gly-leu, we observed that there was a remarkable similarity in the distribution of peptide F and the other enkephalins in the GI tract. These data, combined with our previous studies, indicate that peptide F may coexist with other related enkephalins in the same neurons of the enteric nervous system. The results suggest that peptide F, a product of the proenkephalin A gene, may play a physiological role within the enteric nervous system.
Age related Ca-Mg content and strength in turkey tendon.

The age related variation in magnesium and calcium content and mechanical properties of turkey tendon from ages 9–14 weeks has been studied. The results show that magnesium content decreases with age during this period and calcium content remains essentially constant. This is in accord with a previously proposed mechanism of calcification, namely, that the local concentration of magnesium and calcium may be an important factor relating to the initiation of calcification in a given tissue.
The Conflation of Moral and Epistemic Virtue

Accounts of virtue suffer a conflation problem when they appear unable to preserve intuitive distinctions between types of virtue. In this essay I argue that a number of influential attempts to preserve the distinction between moral and epistemic virtues fail, on the grounds that they characterize virtuous traits in terms of 'characteristic motivation'. I claim that this does not distinguish virtuous traits at the level of value-conferring quality, and I propose that the best alternative is to distinguish them at the level of good produced. It follows from this that a consequentialist account is best placed to avoid a conflation of moral and epistemic virtue.
Comparison of intrapulmonary chemoreceptor response to PCO2 in the duck and chicken.

Abstract Intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC) in the burrowing owl are reported to be much less sensitive to P CO2 than IPC in the chicken. This blunted IPC sensitivity has been suggested to be a physiological adaptation to hypercapnic subterrranean environments. To investigate the natural variation IPC responses in non-burrowing species, stimulus-response characteristics of 87 IPC in 22 anesthetized Pekin ducks were recorded and compared to those from 54 previously reported chicken IPC. Average logarithmic stimulus response curves were described by slopes of −11.2 and −10.7 imp·(sec·InP CO2 ) −1 for duck and chicken, respectively. Each had slopes steeper than the −6.87 imp· (sec·InP CO2 ) −1 slope reported for the burrowing owl. As with chicken IPC, slopes and intercepts of the individual curves were highly correlated in the duck. It appears that a general mechanism of receptor transduction exists in birds, with some quantitative interspecies variation.
Myelitis and Ascending Flaccid Paralysis Due to Congenital Toxoplasmosis

A 4-week-old female newborn developed ascending flaccid paralysis and radiologic evidence of myelitis; the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis was confirmed by the presence of Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulins in both mother and infant, and detection of Toxoplasma sequences in the infant's cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Treatment with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and methylprednisolone resulted in improvement.
Binding of Mg2+ to single-stranded polynucleotides: hydration and optical studies

The binding of Mg(2+) to single-stranded ribo- and deoxy-polynucleotides, poly(rA), poly(rU), poly(dA) and poly(dT), has been investigated in dilute aqueous solutions at pH 7.5 and 20 degrees C. A combination of ultrasound velocimetry, density, UV and CD spectroscopy have been employed to study hydration and spectral effects of Mg(2+) binding to the polynucleotides. Volume and compressibility effects of Mg(2+) binding to random-coiled poly(rU) and poly(dT) correspond to two coordination bonds probably between the adjacent phosphate groups. The same parameters for poly(rA)+Mg(2+) correspond to an inner-sphere complex with three-four direct contacts. However, almost no hydration effects are arising in binding to its deoxy analog, poly(dA), indicating mostly a delocalized binding mode. In agreement with hydration studies, optical investigations revealed almost no influence of Mg(2+) on poly(dA) properties, while it stabilizes and aggregates poly(rA) single-helix. The evidence presented here indicates that Mg(2+) are able to bind specifically to single-stranded polynucleotides, and recognize their composition and backbone conformation.
Antioxidant Status and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Dogs with Lymphoma

Background: Oxidative stress might play a role in carcinogenesis, as well as impacting morbidity and mortality of veterinary cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant concentrations and biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma before treatment and once in remission, with comparison with healthy controls. Hypothesis: Dogs with lymphoma have increased oxidant and reduced antioxidant concentrations compared with healthy controls, and that these abnormalities normalize once remission is achieved. Animals: Seventeen dogs with lymphoma and 10 healthy controls. Methods: Prospective, observational study. Measures of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde and total isoprostanes (isoP)] and antioxidants [α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx)] were assessed in dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma before treatment compared with healthy control dogs. The same parameters were measured in the dogs with lymphoma on week 7 of the chemotherapy protocol when all dogs were in remission. Results: At baseline, dogs with lymphoma had significantly lower α-tocopherol (P <.001) and γ-tocopherol (P= .003) but higher GSHPx (P= .05), ORAC (P= .001), and isoP (P < .001) compared with healthy controls. In the dogs with lymphoma, α-tocopherol concentrations were higher (P= .005) and ascorbic acid were lower (P= .04) after treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Results suggest that dogs with lymphoma have alterations in oxidant and antioxidant concentrations and that the status of some of these biomarkers normalize after remission. Further studies are warranted to determine whether antioxidant interventions to correct these are beneficial in the treatment of canine lymphoma.
Forecasting the evolution of wireless technologies: the Loglet analysis approach

Over the decades, wireless industry has experienced the revolutionary transition from the first generation (1G) to the second generation (2G) and towards the third (3G)/fourth (4G) generation wireless technologies. The increasing demands for high-quality multimedia services today are challenging the wireless industry to rapidly migrate the existing wireless network architecture and technologies. The paper presents the evolution of wireless technology transition using the Loglet analysis tool. We attempt to trace the transition of wireless technologies with historical data, and then analyse its pattern. Our result can provide insight to wireless service providers where best to focus its efforts as well as when to establish the transition strategy towards the next generation wireless network technologies.
The short- and long-term implications of maternal obesity on the mother and her offspring

Obesity's increasing prevalence has reached epidemic proportions in the USA, with close to one-third of the adult population affected in 2000. Additionally, there is increasing prevalence of obesity in other industrialised areas of the world such as Europe. Of potentially more concern is the potential risks associated with obesity and related metabolic complications in the developing world. The maternal, fetal, peripartum and neonatal complications of obesity in pregnancy have far-reaching implications for both mother and offspring. Of alarming interest is the increasing rate of obesity among adolescents and the cycle of obesity in future generations it portends. The purpose in this review is to briefly review the maternal perinatal morbidities associated with maternal pregravid obesity. Additionally, we will review evidence of both short- and long-term effect of maternal obesity on the in utero environment as it relates to fetal growth, neonatal body composition and adolescent obesity.
Why is it Difficult to Learn Absolute Judgment Tasks

The effects of using different presentation orders on absolute judgment were examined in four experiments. 120 college students identified horizontal bars of eight different lengths. Using the same set of stimuli, participants were trained under different presentation schedules with feedback and then tested with various common schedules with or without feedback. Participants trained with the small-differences schedule (small-step) performed well during the training, consistent with prior findings but generally poorer on subsequent tests. In contrast, the participants trained with the large-differences schedule (large-step), performed less well during the training but did not perform more poorly on the tests. The results suggest that mental processes such as abstraction of relative uniqueness and memory overload may be involved.
Black-white differences in aortic fatty streaks in adolescence and early adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

Although white adults have more extensive aortic surface involvement with fibrous plaques than do blacks, adolescent blacks have more aortic fatty streaks (FS) than do whites of similar ages. Possible determinants of these racial differences in aortic surface involvement with FS were therefore examined in 44 decedents who had previously been examined as part of the Bogalusa Heart Study. Ages at death ranged from 6 to 27 years (mean, 18 years); the median interval between the last risk factor examination and death was 3.5 years. More extensive aortic surface involvement with FS was observed in blacks (n = 11) as compared with whites (n = 33; 37% vs 16%, p = .0003). This racial difference was independent of age at death, and was seen in both male and female subjects. Black-white differences in several of the previously measured risk factors (serum lipids and lipoproteins, blood pressure, and obesity) were also observed, and in both races, aortic FS were related to several of these characteristics. (For example, the correlation between levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and aortic FS was 0.49 in whites and 0.73 in blacks.) However, even after controlling for antemortem levels of risk factors, blacks had an additional 16% surface involvement with aortic FS as compared with whites (p less than .001). These findings suggest that the more extensive surface involvement of the aorta with FS in young blacks is not due to differences in clinical risk factors. Because more extensive raised lesions are found in white adults, the transition of FS to advanced atherosclerotic lesions may differ in whites and blacks.
Organic Photovoltaics Interdigitated on the Molecular Scale

Phosphonated porphyrin frameworks that are porous to an electron-accepting perylenediimide are systematically interdigitated with a phosphonated form of the diimide to form bulk heterojunctions. When employed in photovoltaics, these molecularly interlaced heterojunctions provide large junction areas while retaining the phase connectivity of traditional bilayer heterojunctions. Zirconium phosphonate linkages facilitate layer-by-layer chromophore assembly from solution under ambient conditions. The dependence of photovoltaic performance on heterojunction architecture is investigated.
Analyst earnings forecast revisions and the persistence of antidumping relief

Abstract Panel corrected standard errors with instrumental variables and effects are invoked to assess the significance of earnings forecast revisions around critical dates in non-steel AD petitions filed in 1985–1987. These petitions were filed between two important US trade law revisions (1984 and 1988), and the period encompasses significant stock market advances and declines. Event studies have been invoked to assess the value of AD petitions. However, they do not estimate the temporal distribution of any abnormal returns. Because analysts make quarterly earnings forecast revisions over several horizons, we can assess the short and long run value of petitions. We find that AD petitions tend to depress earnings forecasts in the year of the petition. However, second year earnings forecasts tend to be revised upwards. There is no effect on five year (long term) earnings growth forecasts. Hence any benefits of protection do not persist. There is evidence that analysts anticipate the filing by revising forecasts in the three months in advance of the filing. We also find that AD petitions do not affect the accuracy of forecasts.
Magnetism in the heavy-electron superconductors UPt3 and URu2Si2.

The nature of magnetism in the heavy-electron superconductors ${\mathrm{UPt}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{URu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$ is investigated by using a spin-orbit generalized variant of local-spin-density (LSD) theory to calculate the self-consistent moment-polarized electronic structure and the dynamic (bare-band) susceptibility. It is shown that the direction of the magnetic moment is predicted correctly. The size of the moment, however, is 0.8${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ in ${\mathrm{UPt}}_{3}$ and 1.2${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ in ${\mathrm{URu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$, i.e., a factor of 40 larger than experiment. It is noted, however, that the experimental moment of (0.65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1)${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ for Th- or Pd-doped ${\mathrm{UPt}}_{3}$ is close to the theoretical value. The static susceptibility, \ensuremath{\chi}(q), is predicted to be weakly dependent on q except for ${\mathrm{UPt}}_{3}$, where a peak is found at q=(\ensuremath{\pi}/c)(0,0,2)---in general agreement with neutron-scattering data at high frequencies. The low-frequency anomalies in the neutron data which lead to magnetic ordering are not seen in the calculated dynamic susceptibility, but can be understood in terms of a moment-moment interaction. An explanation for these conflicting data is offered based on the interaction of itinerant quasiparticle and local-moment degrees of freedom at low temperatures, which leads to a renormalization of the LSD spin-spin response function.
α 1 -Antitrypsin is an effector of immunological stasis

SEVERAL proteins in normal serum can serve as suppressors or enhancers of the immune response. Recently an α-globulin-rich fraction of Cohn fraction IV, designated IRA (immuneregulatory α-globulin), has been implicated in suppressing the in vitro antibody response of mouse spleen cells to sheep red cells without cytotoxicity1. Studies by Chase2 also indicate that α2-macroglobulin, one of the protease inhibitors present in normal serum, limits the human lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin, and concanavalin A as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. A similar role for α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT), the major protease inhibitor in normal serum, can be proposed for involvement in the regulation of the immune response. Proteases have been found on both the surface and in the medium of cultured cells3; they have also been implicated in altering the electrophoretic mobility4, in vivo migration5 and blast transformation6 of lymphocytes. The physiological function of α1-AT in the serum is unknown. It is not clear why there is an increase of this protease inhibitor in certain physiological and pathological conditions7. Results presented here suggest that α1-AT has an immunoregulatory role, by suppressing the in vivo and in vitro immune response of mouse spleen cells against sheep red cells (SRBC).
Adaptive combining of coherently detected optical PPM signals in the presence of atmospheric turbulence via focal plane arays

Adaptive combining of experimentally obtained heterodyned pulse position modulated (PPM) signals with pulse-to-pulse coherence, in the presence of simulated spatial distortions resembling atmospheric turbulence, is demonstrated. The adaptively combined PPM signals are phased up via an LMS algorithm suitably optimized to operate with PPM in the presence of additive shot-noise. A convergence analysis of the algorithm is presented, and results with both computer simulated and experimentally obtained PPM signals are analyzed.
Non-Hispanics with Latin American ancestry: Assimilation, race, and identity among Latin American descendants in the US

Abstract In the 2006 American Community Survey (ACS), 6% of respondents with Latin American ancestry answered ‘no’ when asked whether they were Hispanic themselves. Conventional definitions of the Hispanic population exclude such respondents as ‘not Spanish/Hispanic/Latino’ even though they are self-identified Latin American descendants. Since their exclusion may bias our assessments of Hispanic social mobility, it is important to know more about them. Non-Hispanic identification is most common among Latin American descendants who (1) list both Latin American and non-Latin American ancestries, (2) speak only English, and (3) identify as White, Black, or Asian when asked about their ‘race.’ Ancestry and racial identity are considerably more influential than respondents’ education, income, place of birth, or place of residence. These findings support both traditional straight-line assimilation and a more recent “racialized assimilation” theory in explaining discrepant responses to the ethnicity and ancestry questions among Latin American descendants.
Psychotropic medication oversight for youth in foster care: A national perspective on state child welfare policy and practice guidelines

Abstract This study uses data collected from multi-state interviews, document review, and the U.S. Census to provide a national perspective on the policies and practice guidelines for mental health evaluation and psychotropic medication oversight among youth in foster care within 47 states and the District of Columbia. This study specifically employs descriptive statistics and logistic regression models to examine various components of these policies/guidelines and the state characteristics and organizational structure associated with the presence of a policy/guideline for mental health evaluation and psychotropic medication oversight. Almost half of states (47.9%) endorsed a mental health evaluation in policies/guidelines; policies/guidelines varied with respect to specific sub-populations targeted and the components of the evaluation. Over half of states (52.7%) held policies/guidelines for psychotropic medication oversight with substantial variation in populations and medications covered, and in the mechanism for psychotropic medication oversight (e.g., informed consent, child- and population-level monitoring). Organizational structure, specifically staffing both a medical and mental health director, and percentage of urban land area (i.e., Metropolitan Statistical Area) were associated with presence of policies/guidelines. Implications for federal and state implementation of the Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act (Public Law 110–351) and future research on child welfare policy are discussed.
Hypothalamic and pituitary function in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Abstract Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism has been identified as a cause of partial or complete failure of puberty, may be familial and may have other associated abnormalities of hyposmia, intellectual retardation, perceptive deafness, color blindness, skeletal deformities, and gynecomastia. Pituitary function is usually normal with the primary defect believed to be hypothalamic. A twenty-year-old white male with a clinical diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia underwent complete endocrine evaluation with evaluation of the pituitary response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) release after luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone did occur, but the response was less than that seen in normal controls. Evaluation demonstrated that the pituitary-gonadal axis was intact with the hypothalamicpituitary axis being defective. Therapy with the synthetic decapeptide (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone) is correct theoretically and may be superior to therapy with exogenous gonadotropins.
Correlation between reversibility of airway obstruction and exhaled nitric oxide levels in children with stable bronchial asthma

Recent trials measuring exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) concentrations have suggested that it may be a useful measure of ongoing airway inflammation in patients with asthma. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between eNO levels and baseline as well as postbronchodilator spirometry, a measurement commonly used in the clinical setting to determine the severity of asthma and as a guide to therapeutic decisions. Forty-nine patients between the ages of 5-16 years with physician-diagnosed asthma who attended the pediatric pulmonary clinic for a routine asthma visit with spirometric evaluation were recruited for the study. eNO levels prior to spirometry were obtained before and after receiving inhaled beta(2) agonist. eNO samples were collected in impermeable bags (Tedlar) and assayed within 24 hr by chemiluminescence. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationships between pre- and postbronchodilator eNO and spirometric variables. eNO was also compared in patients receiving and not receiving inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), as well as those whose therapy had been increased after evaluation by a pediatric pulmonologist or allergist. We found no significant difference between the levels of eNO before and after inhalation of beta(2) agonist (P = 0.60 paired t-test). Positive correlation was found between eNO vs. percentage change in FEV(1) (r = 0.35, P = 0.01) and percentage change in FEF(25-75% )(r = 0.29, P = 0.04). A negative correlation was found between prebronchodilator FEV(1) and eNO (r = -0.29, P = 0.03). Patients on ICS had lower mean eNO levels (29.9 vs. 47.6 parts per billion (ppb), P = 0.053) than those not receiving ICS. Patients whose ICS therapy was increased had higher mean eNO levels (47.2 vs. 26.9 ppb, P = 0.018) than those not having ICS therapy increased. We suggest that eNO levels could be a clinically useful measurement of asthma severity and could be used as an adjunct to spirometry to determine appropriate treatment plans. Longitudinal clinical trials are needed to determine if eNO can enhance therapeutic decisions for asthmatic children.
Treatment of perchlorate in drinking water: A critical review

Because of its extremely low concentrations and strong resistance to most treatment technologies, perchlorate has become one of the biggest challenges currently being faced by the drinking water industry. Although significant research has been performed to evaluate different treatment technologies for perchlorate removal from drinking water, there has not been a holistic review performed recently. A complete and critical review on the intriguing contaminant ‘perchlorate’ is presented. The sources of perchlorate along with the degree of contamination are discussed. The policy aspects including the regulation and toxicity in addition to the most recent developments in perchlorate analysis are also considered. The applicable treatment technologies including their feasibility are discussed in detail. Although some technologies such as microbial reduction and ion-exchange have become more established than the others, there is still not a single technology that can be directly applied to a drinking water treatment system for compete removal of perchlorate. Although significant research is still being conducted to come up with a novel technology for perchlorate remediation, it is highly likely that it would not be a single novice or conventional technology but a combination of these technologies that would have to be employed to overcome this challenge.
Exploiting Partial Runtime Reconfiguration for High-Performance Reconfigurable Computing

Runtime Reconfiguration (RTR) has been traditionally utilized as a means for exploiting the flexibility of High-Performance Reconfigurable Computers (HPRCs). However, the RTR feature comes with the cost of high configuration overhead which might negatively impact the overall performance. Currently, modern FPGAs have more advanced mechanisms for reducing the configuration overheads, particularly Partial Runtime Reconfiguration (PRTR). It has been perceived that PRTR on HPRC systems can be the trend for improving the performance. In this work, we will investigate the potential of PRTR on HPRC by formally analyzing the execution model and experimentally verifying our analytical findings by enabling PRTR for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, on one of the current HPRC systems, Cray XD1. Our approach is general and can be applied to any of the available HPRC systems. The paper will conclude with recommendations and conditions, based on our conceptual and experimental work, for the optimal utilization of PRTR as well as possible future usage in HPRC.
Atrazine and Metolachlor Sorption to Switchgrass Residues

Abstract Herbicide retention by residue mulch in vegetative filter strips could be an effective attenuation mechanism for removing herbicides from runoff. Adsorption studies were conducted to quantify the amount of atrazine and metolachlor that can be adsorbed and removed from runoff by thatch or fresh switchgrass residue. Adsorption of C14‐atrazine and metolachlor on thatch or fresh switchgrass residue was conducted by using concentrations of 2.5, 7.5, 13.2, and 26.4 µmol L−1 and a 24‐h equilibration period. Adsorption coefficients (Kd) decreased in the order, atrazine sorption on fresh switchgrass residue (81.1 L−1 kg−1), metolachlor sorption on fresh residue (32.9 L−1 kg−1), atrazine sorption on thatch residue (21.4 L−1 kg−1), and metolachlor sorption on thatch switchgrass residue (15.1 L−1 kg−1). On a volumetric basis (Kd-vol), only atrazine showed a significantly greater Kd-vol value on fresh residue than on the thatch residue. Absorption through cut ends of the residues (especially the fresh residue...
Delay guaranteed bandwidth allocation for real-time video delivery

Variable bit rate (VBR) video traffic exhibits high burstiness and long range dependence properties, which, in conjunction with the stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements, pose a great challenge in transporting video traffic over a communication network. The authors propose a QoS guaranteed bandwidth allocation for a given resource utilisation. Simulation and analytical results demonstrate that this scheme provides guaranteed delay and achieves high bandwidth utilisation.
“For the Dream of Being Here, One Sacrifices …”: Voices of Immigrant Mothers in a Home Visiting Program

Fourteen Latina immigrants participating in an innovative home visiting program for mothers of infants and young children at risk of child maltreatment were interviewed about their experiences coming to the United States, conditions they were living in after arriving, and perceptions of the intervention. Findings from the qualitative analyses detail rich, descriptive information regarding the struggles and adaptations of the immigrant mothers and families. Poverty in home countries propelled these women to move to the United States, leaving close family and sometimes children behind. Harrowing journeys to a new country are chronicled as well as the women's isolation and depression, and the strengths they utilized in adapting to new lives. Findings provide insight into the role of the bilingual/bicultural home visitors who were overwhelmingly perceived as helpful in providing emotional support, case management/advocacy, translation, education, and friendship. Implications include the need for mental health and social service providers to (a) appreciate viscerally the histories of immigrant clients, (b) understand the role of the home visitor-client relationship in enhancing client engagement and retention, and (c) recognize the multi-dimensional contribution of paraprofessional home visitors.
Pulsatile GnRH stimulation increases steady-state mRNA levels for FSHβ, LHβ, and α subunits in superfused pituitary cell cultures

Abstract The pituitary secretion of FSH and LH is controlled by pulsatile GnRH stimulation of specific magnitude and frequency, and changes in the mode of stimulation can dramatically alter the pattern of gonadotropin secretion. We explored the effects of different GnRH treatments on the secretion of gonadotropins and levels of mRNA for the gonadotropin subunits in superfused cultures of immature rat pituitary cells. After 4 days of stationary culture in the absence of GnRH, the cells were exposed during superfusion to different GnRH treatments for up to 20 h. Each GnRH pulse (6 min/h, 10 n M ) elicited pulsatile release of both gonadotropins, causing a 2- to 3-fold increase of mean hourly secretion of FSH and 5- to 6-fold increase of LH. The magnitude of gonadotropin responses after 4, 10, and 20 h of stimulation with GnRH pulses was not significantly different. In contrast, mRNA levels for different subunits varied depending on the duration of GnRH exposure. Only FSHβ mRNA was increased (2.5 ±0.4-fold, P P P P in vitro , but following different time intervals, and that the mode and duration of GnRH treatment can profoundly affect the results. Our results also indicate that caution must be exercised when interpreting data from experiments conducted in vitro with continuous or short-term GnRH treatments.
LAWS AGAINST DOING IT AND LAWS AGAINST SAYING IT: THE UPSHOT OF UPLINGER vs. NEW YORK

(1985). LAWS AGAINST DOING IT AND LAWS AGAINST SAYING IT: THE UPSHOT OF UPLINGER vs. NEW YORK. Free Speech Yearbook: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 94-104.
Highly responsive core-shell microactuator arrays for use in viscous and viscoelastic fluids.

We present a new fabrication method to produce arrays of highly responsive polymer-metal core-shell magnetic microactuators. The core-shell fabrication method decouples the elastic and magnetic structural components such that the actuator response can be optimized by adjusting the core-shell geometry. Our microstructures are 10 µm long, 550 nm in diameter, and electrochemically fabricated in particle track-etched membranes, comprising a poly(dimethylsiloxane) core with a 100 nm Ni shell surrounding the upper 3–8 µm. The structures can achieve deflections of nearly 90° with moderate magnetic fields and are capable of driving fluid flow in a fluid 550 times more viscous than water.
A binary decision algorithm

Abstract An identification algorithm that recursively builds a binary search tree is presented and an example is thoroughly solved. The algorithm uses concepts from information theory. The theoretical aspects of this algorithm are investigated and the listing of an actual implementation of the algorithm is given in an appendix.
Drosophila CYP6g1 and its human homolog CYP3A4 confer tolerance to methylmercury during development

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a persistent environmental toxicant that is commonly encountered through dietary fish and seafood. While the fetal nervous system is a well-known primary target for MeHg toxicity, the risks of MeHg exposures that are commonly experienced today through diet and environmental exposure remain uncertain. Despite knowledge of numerous cellular processes that are affected by MeHg, the mechanisms that ultimately influence tolerance or susceptibility to MeHg in the developing fetus are not well understood. Using transcriptomic analyses of developing brains of MeHg tolerant and susceptible strains of Drosophila, we previously identified members of the cytochrome p450 (CYP) family of monooxygenases/oxidoreductases as candidate MeHg tolerance genes. While CYP genes encode Phase I enzymes best known for xenobiotic metabolism in the liver, several classes of CYPs are required for synthesis or degradation of essential endobiotics, such as hormones and fatty acids, that are critical to normal development. We now demonstrate that variation in expression CYP genes can strongly influence MeHg tolerance in the developing fly. Importantly, modulating expression of a single CYP, CYP6g1, specifically in neurons or the fat body (liver equivalent) is sufficient to rescue development in the presence of MeHg. We also demonstrate a conserved function for CYP3A4, a human homolog of CYP6g1, in conferring MeHg tolerance to flies. Finally, we show that pharmacological induction of CYPs with caffeine parallels an increase in tolerance to MeHg in developing flies. These findings establish a previously unidentified role for CYPs in MeHg toxicity and point to a potentially conserved role of CYP genes to influence susceptibility to MeHg toxicity across species.