cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applications of Light Beating Spectroscopy to Biology

One of the earliest applications of light beating spectroscopy was to the analysis of the spectrum of laser light scattered by small particles undergoing diffusion in solution (Brownian motion). The first experimental observation of diffusion broadening of light scattered by polystyrene latex spheres appeared in 1964.[1] That same year R. Pecora developed a general formalism based on Van Hove’s theory of neutron scattering which showed that the light scattering spectrum of diffusing particles could provide both the translational and rotational diffusion constants, and that for flexible polymers one could also extract information about the internal modes.[2]
Magnetic Resonance Studies on Inactivated Forms of Creatine Kinase

Abstract Magnetic resonance and relative enzymatic velocity studies with the use of the paramagnetic manganese ion were carried out on creatine kinase inactivated by the specific —SH reagents iodoacetic acid and dinitrofluorobenzene and by the nonspecific reagents urea and decyl sulfate. Modification of creatine kinase at the two essential —SH groups by iodoacetic acid or dinitrofluorobenzene affected the enzymatic velocity, but had little, if any, effect on the binding constants or the environment at the binding sites of Mn-ADP-, ADP3-, Mn-2'-dADP-, or Mn-ATP2-, as determined from the enhancement of the relaxation rate of the water protons due to formation of ternary complexes of enzyme, manganese, and nucleotide. The addition of creatine to the ternary Mn-ADP-enzyme complex with the native enzyme caused a change in the proton relaxation rate measured over the temperature range, 2°–43°; as the temperature decreased the binding constant of Mn-ADP changed slightly, but the creatine-binding constant increased by a factor of about 30. The effect of creatine on the proton relaxation rate of water could be ascribed to a decreased rate of exchange of the manganese water ligands with the solvent water in the quaternary complex relative to the ternary complex and to a longer correlation time for the dipole-dipole interaction between manganese and water in the coordination sphere because of increased immobilization at the binding site of Mn-ADP. No such effect of creatine was observed for enzyme with the two essential cysteine residues carboxymethylated, indicating either that creatine is no longer bound to this form of the enzyme or that carboxymethylation of the essential —SH groups prevents interaction between the creatine and manganese-nucleotide-binding sites. The decrease in the enhancement of the proton relaxation rate of the ternary complex with increasing urea concentration was correlated with loss of activity. The inactivation of creatine kinase by high concentrations of urea was reversible. The inactivation of creatine kinase by decyl sulfate was irreversible. In the presence of 0.01 m decyl sulfate, relatively high values were obtained for the enhancement of the proton relaxation rate of the manganese-enzyme complex, and this enhancement decreased on the addition of ADP, the reverse of the behavior of the native enzyme.
Regulation Rash? Questioning the AFA's Approach for Protecting Arbitration Fairness

As arbitration’s prominence grows in a wide variety of contracts, it is imperative to ensure fairness with respect to its use and procedures. However, the proposed Arbitration Fairness Act (AFA) may be too rash in its blanket ban on pre-dispute arbitration agreements in employment, consumer, franchise, and civil right claims contexts. Instead, a more measured approach is warranted.
Physiologic Responses, Liking and Motivation for Playing the Same Video Game on an Active Versus a Traditional, Non-Active Gaming System.

Evidence suggests that individuals playing certain video games on the Nintendo Wii® (Wii) exhibit increased energy expenditure versus traditional video games, although little research examines non-Wii Sports/Fit games. The purpose of this study is to assess physiologic responses, liking, and the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of a popular, non-Wii sports video game for the Wii relative to the same game played on a traditional, non-active system. Twenty-four college-aged students participated. Heart rate and oxygen consumption (VO2) was assessed during rest and when playing the following games: Madden NFL 2011® for Playstation 2 (PS2 Madden) and the Wii (Wii Madden), and Wii Sports Boxing. The RRV was assessed for Wii Madden versus PS2 Madden. Analysis of variance demonstrated a main effect for condition (p ≤ 0.01) as VO2 (5.2 ± 0.2 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) Wii, 4.1 ± 0.1 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) PS2, 3.7 ± 0.1 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1), rest) and heart rate (89.2 · 2.7 bpm Wii, 79.7 ± 2.5 bpm PS2, 79.1 ± 2.5 bpm, rest) was greater for Wii Madden than PS2 Madden and rest. Heart Rate (105.4 ± 5.3 bpm) and VO2 (10.4 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) for Wii Sports Boxing was significantly greater than all other conditions (p ≤ 0.003). The RRV was not significantly different between Wii Madden and PS2 Madden (p = 0.50). Compared to the same game on a traditional system, Wii Madden is more physiologically challenging and equally reinforcing. However, Wii Madden would not be categorized as moderate-intensity physical activity.
Lichenoid reaction as a potential immune response marker of intratreatment histological response during successful vismodegib treatment for a giant basal cell carcinoma

We report an 83 year-old patient with a 13 × 7.5 cm2 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) successfully treated with the combination of vismodegib and minimal surgery. On Day 109, a 0.9 cm papule suspicious for residual BCC was seen centrally within a large pink atrophic plaque. This lesion was excised; pathology confirmed BCC with negative surgical margins. Simultaneously, suspecting noncontiguous histologic response, we performed 21 biopsies at the periphery of the pretreatment tumor location. Seventeen (17/21, 81%) revealed lichenoid dermatitis. No tumor was seen on any. We believe the lichenoid dermatitis observed is a novel finding for two reasons. First, it may be considered a marker of a positive intratreatment response. This may help guide clinicians on the optimal treatment duration of vismodegib to maximize efficacy and mitigate side effects. Second, we think it suggests an additional mechanism of vismodegib action, possibly via local immune effects. Further investigations are warranted.
Scolding John Q.: Articulating a Normative Relationship between Politics and Entertainment

The 2002 hostage drama John Q. triggered a discussion among journalists, the public, and the policy community about the proper relationship between politics and entertainment. In this debate the criteria for good journalism and good political discourse were frequently invoked to evaluate this Hollywood film. This discussion, which spilled out of the film criticism pages into news and commentary pages, shows how public-sphere models of political discourse are privileged even though they may not be a good fit for fictional media. John Q.’s success in triggering public discussion and awareness about health policy issues seems to illustrate DeLuca & Peeples’s (2002) claim that the “public screen” is a more useful metaphor for thinking about politics than the public sphere (Habermas, 1989). John Q. seemed to particularly raise the ire of critics because of its unambiguous critique of domestic policy and its implicit suggestion that collective solutions are needed. The author would like to thank Michael Delli C...
Invasive cervical carcinoma in young women.

Abstract Twenty-seven (24.5%) of the 110 newly diagnosed cases of invasive cervical cancer at the Boston Hospital for Women from January 1975 through June 1978 were 35 years of age or younger. Twenty-five of these young patients (93%) had Stage I cervical cancer and 2 had Stage II disease. Seven (26%) of these patients had cervical adenocarcinomas. All young patients with Stage I disease are presently clinically free of tumor. Fifteen of the young patients (55.5%) had reportedly negative cervical cytology smears prior to the detection of a symptomatic cervical malignancy. The cervical smears from 10 of the patients with reportedly negative cervical cytology were reexamined at the Boston Hospital for Women, and our review demonstrated missed cervical neoplasia in 5 cases and unsatisfactory technique for adequate interpretation in 2 cases. Abnormal cervical cytology precipitated the diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer in only 37% of the young patients. All suspicious and symptomatic cervical lesions in young women should be promptly biopsied regardless of prior reassuring cervical cytology.
Efficient rendering of anatomical tree structures using geometry proxy

Rendering tubular structures efficiently is crucial for studying anatomical tree structures like vessels or airways. Most existing methods are based on surface reconstruction, resulting in complex meshes, which slows the rendering performance as the tree complexity increases. In this paper, we present an approach to render tubular tree structures using geometry proxy. We generate low complexity proxy meshes on the fly and shade the meshes as tubular objects consisting of truncated cones and spheres. Unlike surface reconstruction, our method requires no precomputation and produces appealing imagery with faster rendering performance.
Regional variations in myosin heavy chain concentration after healing of experimental myocardial infarction in cats

Densitometric scanning of SDS-polyacrylamide gels was used to measure myosin heavy chain concentration in left ventricular specimens obtained from cat heart 3 to 12 months after healing of small experimental myocardial infarctions. The study was designed to test the hypothesis that myosin concentration varies as a function of anatomic proximity to the infarct scar. Myosin heavy chain concentration was elevated in non-scarred areas adjacent to a healed infarct and normal in areas remote from the scar. The scar itself had reduced concentrations, reflecting the loss of muscle mass in this area. The increased myosin heavy chain concentration in regions adjacent to the scar may be an attempt to regulate or compensate for the decrease in mechanical function of the scarred area.
Aflatoxin exposure during the first 1000 days of life in rural South Asia assessed by aflatoxin B1-lysine albumin biomarkers

Aflatoxin B1 is a potent carcinogen, occurring from mold growth that contaminates staple grains in hot, humid environments. In this investigation, aflatoxin B1-lysine albumin biomarkers were measured by mass spectrometry in rural South Asian women, during the first and third trimester of pregnancy, and their children at birth and at two years of age. These subjects participated in randomized community trials of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in Sarlahi District, southern Nepal and Gaibandha District in northwestern Bangladesh. Findings from the Nepal samples demonstrated exposure to aflatoxin, with 94% detectable samples ranging from 0.45 to 2939.30 pg aflatoxin B1-lysine/mg albumin during pregnancy. In the Bangladesh samples the range was 1.56 to 63.22 pg aflatoxin B1-lysine/mg albumin in the first trimester, 3.37 to 72.8 pg aflatoxin B1-lysine/mg albumin in the third trimester, 4.62 to 76.69 pg aflatoxin B1-lysine/mg albumin at birth and 3.88 to 81.44 pg aflatoxin B1-lysine/mg albumin at age two years. Aflatoxin B1-lysine adducts in cord blood samples demonstrated that the fetus had the capacity to convert aflatoxin into toxicologically active compounds and the detection in the same 2-year-old children illustrates exposure over the first 1000 days of life.
Extending the bounds of race and racism: Indigenous women and the persistence of the Black - White paradigm of race

In this article, I illustrate how the dominant Black–White binary paradigm of race in the United States situates Indigenous women as either racialized Others or White Others in the context of a predominantly White university. Race and racism are thus salient in the lives of Indigenous students in multiple and complex ways—ways which are rarely elaborated upon in the current research literature.
Albertus magnus and mathematics: A translation with annotations of those portions of the commentary on Euclid's Elements published by Bernhard Geyer

Abstract This article consists of an English translation, with mathematical and philosophical notes, of three sections of the commentary by Albertus Magnus on Euclid's Elements: (1) the Prologue, (2) the question “Is an angle a quantity?” and (3) Book I, Proposition 11. The critical apparatus which Bernhard Geyer provided for (1) and (2) is also translated into English and updated by references to the new Cologne edition of Albert's Opera Omnia.
Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among Latinos in the USA: Influence of language

The objectives of this study are to: (a) assess Latino's nutrition knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and sources of nutrition information, and (b) examine the association of these with language use at home. Household‐to‐household interviews were conducted in five predominantly Latino neighborhoods in Hartford, Connecticut in households with at least one child ≤ 12 years of age. The typical Latina respondent was a woman in her early 30s who was the mother of at least one child living in the household (N = 426). The vast majority of Latinos were Puerto Rican (95.8%) and they spoke only Spanish (41.8%), only English (6.1%) or both English and Spanish (52.1%) at home. As many as 73.9% of respondents received food stamps and only 9.2% had more than high school education. Respondents were familiar with the USDA's Food Guide Pyramid (93.4%) and with food labels (93.7%). Fifteen percent knew the recommended servings for breads and cereals and 18.3% reported reading food labels always. Respondents had a positive nu...
From Prescribed Curriculum to Classroom Practice: An Examination of the Implementation of the New York State Earth Science Standards

ABSTRACT In New York State (NYS), Earth science teachers use the National Science Education Standards (NSES), the NYS Learning Standards for Mathematics, Science and Technology (NYS Standards), and the Physical Setting/Earth Science Core Curriculum (Core Curriculum) to create local curricula and daily lessons. In this study, a purposeful sample of experienced and innovative teachers provided insight on how NYS Earth science teachers organize their scope and sequences, align their lessons with the State standards–based documents, establish internal lesson coherence, and prepare their students for the state assessment, the Physical Setting/Earth Science Regents Examination (Regents Exam). Teachers provided responses to a questionnaire regarding their scope and sequence and typical lessons they teach for each unit. These data were then reviewed by the first author as well as by a team of Earth science education experts. Teachers' scope and sequences were well aligned with the Core Curriculum and Regents, but...
A quarter causing intermittent gastric outlet obstruction

M e c A 45-year-old man presented with 8 weeks of episodic postprandial nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distention lasting 2 to 3 hours and occurring every 3 to 4 days. The episodes resolved with no specific treatment but continued to occur every 3 to 4 days. Between episodes, the patient felt fine and had no abdominal pain, weight loss, altered bowel habits, or change in appetite. Abdominal examination showed normal results. Complete blood count, urinalysis, liver biochemical tests, serum amylase, and lipase results were all normal. A CT scan showed a 2.4-cm metal disk in the gastric antrum (A), and an upper endoscopy was ordered to follow-up the abnormal CT result. EGD confirmed a heavily corroded quarter (B), which was retrieved by using a Roth net. After the quarter
Neutrophil Chemotaxis within a Competing Gradient of Chemoattractants

The dynamics of neutrophil chemotaxis under competing chemoattractant gradients was studied using a microfluidic platform. This microfluidic platform, which establishes a stable and dynamic gradient of chemoattractants across a cell culture chamber, enabled the investigation of human neutrophil migration patterns in the presences of four different chemoattractants (leukotriene B4, chemokine C–X–C motif ligands 2 and 8, and fMLP) and competing gradients of all pairwise combinations. The migration patterns for individual cells were tracked and quantitatively analyzed, and the results suggest a hierarchy among these chemoattractants of fMLP > CXCL8 > CXCL2 > leukotriene B4. In all conditions, over 60% of neutrophils exposed to a competing gradient move toward the stronger signal though the weaker chemoattractant still influences neutrophil motility. These results yield insight about how each chemoattractant contributes to overall neutrophil chemotaxis within complex physiological environments.
Influence of Hg pressure on diffusion coefficient of As in HgCdTe

Arsenic diffusion coefficients were measured in HgCdTe at 350°C within the single phase field. The diffusion coefficients displayed a strong dependence on Hg pressure, increasing by more than 1×103 with decreasing Hg pressure. These measurements were performed by growing As doped HgCdTe films by Hg-rich liquid phase epitaxy on undoped or In-doped base layers, where the growth temperature ranged between 330 and 350°C. Use of these low growth temperatures under Hg-rich conditions permitted attainment of virtual step profiles in As, with negligible diffusion into the base layers. These provided ideal starting points for subsequent diffusion anneals. Diffusion of arsenic under selected low Hg pressures was then employed to tune the positioning of the p/n junction for double layer heterojunction films, by locating it ahead of the heterointerface. Formation of valence band barriers to the photogenerated minority carriers across the junction could thus be avoided. When on the other hand, diffusion experiments were performed under Hg saturated conditions, the heterointerface moved at a faster rate than the p/n junction, leading to the formation of valence band barriers.
Data fusion through nondeterministic approaches: a comparison

Information gathered by different knowledge sources from the same scene are often uncertain, imprecise, fuzzy, or incomplete. Using a multi-sensory system to integrate several types of data should yield more meaningful information otherwise unavailable or difficult to acquire by a single sensory modality. In this paper, we examine a number of non-deterministic methods for solving the fusion problem. Within the framework of fuzzy sets theory, we present a new technique for data fusion. We develop a fusion formula based on the measure of fuzziness. The fusion formula is mathematically tested against several desirable properties of fusion operators. Also, the Super Bayesian Approach and Dempster's rule of combination are presented. These approaches were implemented and tested with real range and intensity images acquired by an Odetics Laser Range Scanner. The goal was to obtain better scene descriptions through a segmentation process of both images. A systematic method for evaluating and comparing segmentation results was presented. Various levels of noise were added to the real data and segmentation results from all three approaches were evaluated.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of Tribochemical Interactions on Friction and Wear of Highly Hydrogenated DLC Films

In this paper, we attempted to elucidate the nature and extent of tribochemical interactions between sliding surfaces of highly-hydrogenated diamondlike carbon (DLC) films (containing about 40 at.% hydrogen) and correlated these findings with their friction and wear behaviors in dry and humid nitrogen environments. For the tribochemical studies, we used a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (ToF-SIMS) in 2- and 3-D imaging modes, while for tribological tests, we used a ball-on-disk machine that was operated under a 5 N load and at sliding velocities of 0.2 to 0.3 m/s. In dry nitrogen, the DLC films provided a friction coefficient of ≈ 0.007, but in humid nitrogen, the friction coefficient 3 to 4 times higher. 3-D surface profilometry and optical microscopy did not reveal much wear on sliding ball and disk surfaces after the tests regardless of the test environment, but the 2- and 3-D ToF-SIMS images of the same surfaces revealed very rich tribochemistry for films tested in humid nitrogen but not much chemistry for those films tested in dry nitrogen. Complementary x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of these sliding surfaces showed similar results further confirming extensive tribo-oxidation (in the forms of both C-O and C=O) of DLC surfaces tested in humid nitrogen but no major chemical changes in DLC films tested in dry nitrogen. Based on the results of surface analytical and tribological studies, we concluded that superlow friction behavior of highly hydrogenated DLC films was perhaps due to the hydrogen termination of their surface carbon atoms, while the much higher friction coefficients observed in humid nitrogen was primarily due to tribo-oxidation and/or oxygen termination of these surfaces.
Vapor Phase Infrared Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Fundamental Anharmonic Frequencies of Ammonia Borane

Infrared absorption spectra of ammonia borane vapor have been recorded between 3600 and 600 cm-1. Of the eleven infrared active modes, seven of the vibrational modes of NH3 11BH3 have been observed and four of the vibrational modes of NH3 10BH3 were observed. The spectra were recorded with sufficient resolution to observe the rotational structure of the bands, which allowed for preliminary least squares fitting of the band origins and rotational constants. First principals electronic structure calculations were performed to obtain anharmonic band origins and their intensities. The band assignments are discussed in relation to other spectroscopic techniques that have been used to study this molecule. A semi empirical estimate of the vapor pressure of ammonia borane at room temperature (22 °C) was made and found to be ~ 1 × 10-4 Torr. The assignment of the measured modes was aided by the calculated anharmonic frequencies and their infrared intensities. The combination of the CCSD(T) harmonic frequencies with the B3LYP anharmonicities, obtained from second order vibrational perturbation theory, was found to produce an overall best agreement with the measured band origins.
Emotions and moral agency

In this paper, I present a general profile of individuals with psychopathy, autism, and acquired sociopathy as well as look specifically at the abilities of these individuals with respect to the moral domain. These individuals are individually and collectively interesting because of their significant affective and social impairments. I argue that none of these individuals should be considered full moral agents based on a proposed account of moral agency consisting of the following two necessary conditions: (1) the capacity for moral judgment and (2) the capacity for moral motivation. Since each of these groups of individuals fails to satisfy the criteria in a different way, these arguments help to distinguish three primary ways in which emotion contributes to moral motivation. I conclude with a suggested general implication of this discussion for related debates in moral theory.
Nerve activity but not intracellular calcium determines the time course of endocytosis at the frog neuromuscular junction.

Abstract We used FM1-43 imaging and intracellular recordings of synaptic potentials to measure the time course of endocytosis in frog motor nerve terminals following tetanic nerve stimulation, and we used fura-2 imaging of intraterminal Ca 2+ concentration to compare endocytic rate and [Ca 2+ ] i . Following a 30 Hz tetanus, endocytosis declined exponentially with a time constant that depended on the duration of stimulation. The level of [Ca 2+ ] i rose from a resting value of about 100 nM to more than 500 nM during 30 Hz stimulation, and rapidly declined to 200–250 nM after stimulation. [Ca 2+ ] i returned to resting level with a time course that, like endocytosis, depended on the duration of tetanic stimulation. However, the rate of [Ca 2+ ] i recovery was much slower than the rate of endocytosis, leading to the conclusion that endocytic rate is not determined solely by the instantaneous level of [Ca 2+ ] i .
Genome-wide Association Analysis for Multiple Continuous Secondary Phenotypes

There is increasing interest in the joint analysis of multiple phenotypes in genome-wide association studies (GWASs), especially for the analysis of multiple secondary phenotypes in case-control studies and in detecting pleiotropic effects. Multiple phenotypes often measure the same underlying trait. By taking advantage of similarity across phenotypes, one could potentially gain statistical power in association analysis. Because continuous phenotypes are likely to be measured on different scales, we propose a scaled marginal model for testing and estimating the common effect of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on multiple secondary phenotypes in case-control studies. This approach improves power in comparison to individual phenotype analysis and traditional multivariate analysis when phenotypes are positively correlated and measure an underlying trait in the same direction (after transformation) by borrowing strength across outcomes with a one degree of freedom (1-DF) test and jointly estimating outcome-specific scales along with the SNP and covariate effects. To account for case-control ascertainment bias for the analysis of multiple secondary phenotypes, we propose weighted estimating equations for fitting scaled marginal models. This weighted estimating equation approach is robust to departures from normality of continuous multiple phenotypes and the misspecification of within-individual correlation among multiple phenotypes. Statistical power improves when the within-individual correlation is correctly specified. We perform simulation studies to show the proposed 1-DF common effect test outperforms several alternative methods. We apply the proposed method to investigate SNP associations with smoking behavior measured with multiple secondary smoking phenotypes in a lung cancer case-control GWAS and identify several SNPs of biological interest.
A comparison of the stress and birefringence growth of dilute, semi-dilute and concentrated polymer solutions in uniaxial extensional flows

Abstract Filament stretching experiments are used to follow the evolution in the flow-induced birefringence (FIB) and the tensile force in polymeric fluid threads undergoing uniaxial elongation. The tests are performed with several monodisperse polystyrene solutions spanning concentrations from 0.025 to 12 wt.%, and the measurements are used to investigate the extent of hysteresis in the polymeric stress and molecular conformation during imposed stretching and subsequent stress relaxation. For Deborah numbers above De >0.5 (based on the longest or Zimm relaxation time), a pronounced stress-conformation hysteresis is observed in the dilute polystyrene solution at large Hencky strains, and the magnitude of the deviation from the quasi-static FENE connector force increases with imposed deformation rate. However, tests with a semi-dilute entangled polystyrene solution and a concentrated entangled polystyrene solution show that although the stress-optical rule is violated at large deformation rates and large strains, there is no evidence of any hysteresis during extension and relaxation. These observations are interpreted in terms of the relative magnitude of the stretching rate as compared to the reptation time, and also as compared to the Rouse time scales for stretching of the entire chain or for a single entangled segment. These distinct time scales depend on the number of entanglements in the fluid and govern the different relaxation mechanisms that exist in entangled polymer solutions for the polymeric stress and the molecular conformation.
Roll head motion in rotary-wing flight with helmet-mounted displays

In spite of an immense increase in interest in helmet-mounted displays (HMDs) over the past two decades, there have been few studies on head motion while using HMDs in operational flight. Rotary-wing flights conducted using a number of HMD configurations have resulted in a head position database what will be useful in filling this void. Various analysis techniques have been applied to investigate characteristics of roll (tilt) head position distributions for a slalom flight maneuver for four visual environments: good visual environment (daytime, unaided), night vision goggles, HMD with thermal imagery, and HMD with thermal imagery and symbology
Predictors and patterns of insomnia symptoms in OSA before and after PAP therapy.

Abstract Objective Identify factors that predict improvement versus persistence of insomnia symptoms following treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. Methods Archival data from 68 PAP-treated sleep apnea patients aged 25–83 were analyzed using nonparametric tests and stepwise regression to assess the relationships between insomnia symptoms, multiple OSA variables, and PAP use over time. Results Pretreatment insomnia symptom severity (ISS; b =−0.72, p b =−0.01, p =0.01) and respiratory disturbance index (RDI; b =−0.02, p =0.03) predict change in insomnia following PAP therapy. Forty-five percent (24/53) of the subjects with moderate to severe insomnia at pretreatment reported no/mild symptoms after PAP therapy and were considered improved. Improved subjects had lower pretreatment ISS ( p p =0.01), and higher average PAP use ( p Conclusions Although ISS declines following PAP treatment, 55% of OSA patients have persistent moderate to severe symptoms despite treatment. More severe OSA is linked to higher likelihood of insomnia improvement and the effect of PAP therapy on insomnia may be mediated by OSA severity. Persistent insomnia is unrelated to medication use or comorbidities and may represent an independent, self-sustaining disorder requiring targeted intervention.
In vitro metabolism of pregnenolone-7-alpha-3H, progesterone-4-14C and androstenedione-4-14C by rat placental tissue.

The in vitro metabolism of radioactive androstenedione, pregnenolone and progesterone by rat placental homogenates has been studied. No estrogens were isolated but there was extensive ring A reduction of each compound. From the androstenedione incubations, 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one, 3β-hydroxy- 5α-androstan-17-one, 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol and 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol were isolated by paper chromatography and identified by thin layer chromatography and the reverse isotope dilution technique. The metabolites of pregnenolone and progesterone were quantitatively and qualitatively similar. From these incubations 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one and 5α-pregnane-3α,20β-diol were isolated and identified. In the presence of a progesterone trap, progesterone- 7α-3H was found following the incubation of pregnenolone-7α-3H, demonstrating the presence of a 3β-ol-dehydrogenase Δ4–5-isomerase enzyme system. (Endocrinology 87: 151, 1970) ATTEMPTS to evaluate possible endocrine functions of the rat placenta during pre...
Electronic structure, vibrational stability, and predicted infrared-Raman spectra of the As20, As @ Ni12, and As @ Ni12 @ As20 clusters.

Recently an inorganic fullerine-like [As@Ni12@As20]3− onion with near-perfect icosahedral symmetry in the crystalline phase was reported [M. J. Moses, J. C. Fettinger, and B. W. Eichhorn, Science 300, 778 (2003)]. This paper presents a detailed computational study in the framework of density functional theory on various aspects of this molecule. The electronic structure of the As@Ni12@As20 is investigated in its neutral as well as −3 charged state together with its subunits As20 and As@Ni12 by the all electron linear combination of Gaussian-type orbitals method. The bonding is studied by examining the integrated charge within atomic sphere, the electron localization function, changes in the electron density distribution, and from vibrational modes. We find that strong covalent As-As bonds seen in isolated As20 become weaker in the As@Ni12@As20 and strong covalent As-Ni bonds are formed. The structural stability of all four clusters is examined by analyzing the energetics and by calculating the vibrational...
A characterization of SL(3, 3), I

One of the unsolved problems in group theory at the present time is the classification of all simple groups whose order is divisible by exactly three distinct primes. It is a consequence of the N-group paper [19] that these three primes can be taken to be (2,3,p} with p = 5, 7, 13, or 17. In this paper, we are concerned with the case of p = 13. Of the four possibilities for p, this is perhaps the easiest to handle. One reason for this is that the only known simple (2, 3, 13)-group is SL(3, 3), so in any inductive situation, there is only type of simple group to consider. More technically, any (2, 3, 13)group X is necessarily 13-stable simply because in the contrary case, X would have to invoIve SL(2, 13) and thereby, have order divisible by 7. This fact is of great importance, for it effectively allows us to use the ZJ-theorem (in certain circumstances) without the necessity of a prior verification of 13-stability. In some unpublished work, Klinger has made great progress in the general problem of proving that every finite simple group of order 2a3’13c is isomorphic to SL(3, 3). His work is concerned essentially with establishing, in a minimal counterexample G, that all 2-local subgroups of G are 2-constrained and that the 2-local 3-rank of G is at most 2 (for the appropriate definitions we refer the reader to [S]). More particularly, he has obtained the following result :
Aqueous fluid composition in CI chondritic materials: Chemical equilibrium assessments in closed systems

Abstract Solids of nearly solar composition have interacted with aqueous fluids on carbonaceous asteroids, icy moons, and trans-neptunian objects. These processes altered mineralogy of accreted materials together with compositions of aqueous and gaseous phases. We evaluated chemistry of aqueous solutions coexisted with CI-type chondritic solids through calculations of chemical equilibria in closed water–rock–gas systems at different compositions of initial fluids, water/rock mass ratios (0.1–1000), temperatures ( CO 3 2 - , HCO 3 - , K+, OH−, H2, and CO2. Aqueous species of Mg, Fe, Ca, Mn, Al, Ni, Cr, S, and P are not abundant in these fluids owing to low solubility of corresponding solids. Typical NaCl type alkaline fluids coexist with saponite-bearing mineralogy that usually present in aqueously altered chondrites. A common occurrence of these fluids is consistent with the composition of grains emitted from Enceladus. Na-rich fluids with abundant CO 3 2 - , HCO 3 - , and OH− anions coexist with secondary mineralogy depleted in Na. The Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 type fluids could form via accretion of cometary ices. NaOH type fluids form in reduced environments and may locally occur on parent bodies of CR carbonaceous chondrites. Supposed melting of accreted HCl-bearing ices leads to early acidic fluids enriched in Mg, Fe and other metals, consistent with signs of low-pH alteration in chondrites. Neutralization of these solutions leads to alkaline Na-rich fluids. Sulfate species have negligible concentrations in closed systems, which remain reduced, especially at elevated pressures created by forming H2 gas. Hydrogen, CO2, and H2O dominate in the gaseous phase, though the abundance of methane cannot be fairly estimated.
The chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 regulates the migration of melanocyte progenitors in mouse hair follicles

Mouse skin melanocytes originate from the neural crest and subsequently invade the epidermis and migrate into the hair follicles (HF) where they proliferate and differentiate. Here we demonstrate a role for the chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in regulating the migration and positioning of melanoblasts during HF formation and cycling. CXCR4 expression by melanoblasts was upregulated during the anagen phase of the HF cycle. CXCR4-expressing cells in the HF also expressed the stem cell markers nestin and LEX, the neural crest marker SOX10 and the cell proliferation marker PCNA. SDF-1 was widely expressed along the path taken by migrating CXCR4-expressing cells in the outer root sheath (ORS), suggesting that SDF-1-mediated signaling might be required for the migration of CXCR4 cells. Skin sections from CXCR4-deficient mice, and skin explants treated with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, contained melanoblasts abnormally concentrated in the epidermis, consistent with a defect in their migration. SDF-1 acted as a chemoattractant for FACS-sorted cells isolated from the anagen skin of CXCR4–EGFP transgenic mice in vitro, and AMD3100 inhibited the SDF-1-induced migratory response. Together, these data demonstrate an important role for SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling in directing the migration and positioning of melanoblasts in the HF.
The detection and correction of outlying determinations that may occur during geochemical analysis

Abstract ‘Wild’, ‘rogue’ or outlying determinations occur periodically during geochemical analysis. Existing tests in the literature for the detection of such determinations within a set of replicate measurements are often misleading. This account describes the chances of detecting outliers and the extent to which correction may be made for their presence in sample sizes of three to seven replicate measurements. A systematic procedure for monitoring data for outliers is outlined. The problem of outliers becomes more important as instrumental methods of analysis become faster and more highly automated; a state in which it becomes increasingly difficult for the analyst to examine every determination. The recommended procedure is easily adapted to such analytical systems.
AFM and impedance spectroscopy characterization of the immobilization of antibodies on indium-tin oxide electrode through self-assembled monolayer of epoxysilane and their capture of Escherichia coli O157:H7

The microscopic surface molecular structures and macroscopic electrochemical impedance properties of the epoxysilane monolayer and anti-Escherichia coli antibody layer on an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode surface were studied in this paper. Characterization of stepwise changes in microscopic features of the surfaces and electrochemical properties upon the formation of each layer were carried out using both atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the presence of [Fe(CN)6](3-/4-) as a redox couple. AFM images of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) evidenced the dense, complete, and homogeneous morphology of the epoxysilane monolayer on the ITO surface. The uniformity of the epoxysilane SAM allowed antibodies to attach to the epoxy surface groups of the silanes in a similarly uniform fashion. The effects of epoxysilane monolayer and the antibody layer on the electrochemical properties of the electrode were quantitatively analyzed in terms of double layer capacitance, electron transfer resistance, Warburg impedance and solution resistance using Randles model as the equivalent circuit. It was demonstrated that the epoxysilane monolayer and the antibody layer act as barriers for the electron transfer between the electrode surface and the redox species in the solution, resulting in most significant increases in the electron transfer resistance compared to all the electric elements. Immunoreaction with E. coli O157:H7 cells demonstrated specific recognition of the immobilized anti-E. coli antibodies as evidenced by AFM imaging and impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the binding of E. coli cells mainly affected the electron transfer resistance and Warburg impedance.
Simultaneous determination of cyanide and thiocyanate in plasma by chemical ionization gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (CI-GC-MS)

An analytical method utilizing chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the simultaneous determination of cyanide and thiocyanate in plasma. Sample preparation for this analysis required essentially one-step by combining the reaction of cyanide and thiocyanate with pentafluorobenzyl bromide and simultaneous extraction of the product into ethyl acetate facilitated by a phase-transfer catalyst, tetrabutylammonium sulfate. The limits of detection for cyanide and thiocyanate were 1 μM and 50 nM, respectively. The linear dynamic range was from 10 μM to 20 mM for cyanide and from 500 nM to 200 μM for thiocyanate with correlation coefficients higher than 0.999 for both cyanide and thiocyanate. The precision, as measured by %RSD, was below 9 %, and the accuracy was within 15 % of the nominal concentration for all quality control standards analyzed. The gross recoveries of cyanide and thiocyanate from plasma were over 90 %. Using this method, the toxicokinetic behavior of cyanide and thiocyanate in swine plasma was assessed following cyanide exposure.
IS THERE A RURAL/URBAN EXPORT GAP?

There is growing concern, particularly in policy circles, that rural manufacturing plants may be less likely to export than metro area plants, and that this may exacerbate the economic difficulties of rural America. A variety of reasons have been offered to expect this export gap, but little empirical work has been done. Using a database of all manufacturing establishments in seven southeastern states and the county and/or zip code-level characteristics of their environment, we find that rural plants are indeed somewhat less likely to export than their urban counterparts. Though there are several explanations for the existence of this gap, factors specific to the rural environment—lower levels of human capital and information externalities—are its largest source.
Methods for Creating Stomatal Impressions Directly onto Archivable Slides

Stomatal density has been shown to be a primary determinant of crop yield, water use efficiency, and limitation to CO 2 assimilation rate. Widely used methods of assessing stomatal density sample relatively small regions of the leaf, are labor intensive, or do not yield stable archivable samples for revisiting samples. We describe several methods of producing such epidermal impressions that yield samples large enough to generate stomatal density maps across entire leaf surfaces.
The profile naming service

Profile is a descriptive naming service used to identify users and organizations. This paper presents a structural overview of Profile's three major components: a confederation of attribute-based name servers, a name space abstraction that unifies the name servers, and a user interface that integrates the name space with existing naming systems. Each name server is an independent authority that allows clients to describe users and organizations with a multiplicity of attributes; the name space abstraction is a client program that implements a discipline for searching a sequence of name servers; and the interface provides a tool with which users build customized commands. Experience with an implementation in the DARPA/NSF Internet demonstrates that Profile is a feasible and effective mechanism for naming users and organizations in a large internet.
Risk for Poor Performance on a Language Screening Measure for Bilingual Preschoolers and Kindergarteners

Purpose This study documents the risk for language impairment in Latino children who had different levels of exposure to English and Spanish. Method A total of 1,029 preschool- and kindergarten-age...
Hydroxylapatite binds more serum proteins, purified integrins, and osteoblast precursor cells than titanium or steel.

The implant material hydroxylapatite (HA) has been shown in numerous studies to be highly biocompatible and to osseointegrate well with existing bone; however, the molecular mechanisms at work behind this osseointegration remain largely unexplored. One possibility is that the implant, exposed to the patient's blood during surgery, adsorbs known cell adhesive proteins such as fibronectin and vitronectin from the serum. Osteoblast precursors could then adhere to these proteins through integrin-mediated mechanisms. In the present study, we have used a quantitative ELISA assay to test the hypothesis that hydroxylapatite will adsorb more fibronectin and vitronectin from serum than two commonly used hard-tissue materials, commercially pure titanium, and 316L stainless steel. We further used the ELISA, as well as a standard cell adhesion assay, to test the hypothesis that increased protein adsorption will lead to better binding of purified integrins alpha5beta1 and alpha(v)beta3 and osteoblast precursor cells to the HA than to the metals. Our results show that fibronectin, vitronectin, alpha5beta1, alpha(v)beta3, and osteoblast precursor cells do indeed bind better to HA than to the metals, suggesting that improved integrin-mediated cell binding may be one of the mechanisms leading to better clinical bone integration with HA-coated implants.
MTVis: tree exploration using a multitouch interface

We present MTVis, a multi-touch interactive tree visualization system. The multi-touch interface display hardware is built using the LED-LP technology, and the tree layout is based on RINGS, but enhanced with multitouch interactions. We describe the features of the system, and how the multi-touch interface enhances the user's experience in exploring the tree data structure. In particular, the multi-touch interface allows the user to simultaneously control two child nodes of the root, and rotate them so that some nodes are magnified, while preserving the layout of the tree. We also describe the other meaninful touch screen gestures the users can use to intuitively explore the tree.
Kaguyak dome field and its Holocene caldera, Alaska Peninsula

Abstract Kaguyak Caldera lies in a remote corner of Katmai National Park, 375 km SW of Anchorage, Alaska. The 2.5-by-3-km caldera collapsed ~ 5.8 ± 0.2 ka (14C age) during emplacement of a radial apron of poorly pumiceous crystal-rich dacitic pyroclastic flows (61–67% SiO2). Proximal pumice-fall deposits are thin and sparsely preserved, but an oxidized coignimbrite ash is found as far as the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, 80 km southwest. Postcaldera events include filling the 150-m-deep caldera lake, emplacement of two intracaldera domes (61.5–64.5% SiO2), and phreatic ejection of lakefloor sediments onto the caldera rim. CO2 and H2S bubble up through the lake, weakly but widely. Geochemical analyses (n = 148), including pre-and post-caldera lavas (53–74% SiO2), define one of the lowest-K arc suites in Alaska. The precaldera edifice was not a stratocone but was, instead, nine contiguous but discrete clusters of lava domes, themselves stacks of rhyolite to basalt exogenous lobes and flows. Four extracaldera clusters are mid-to-late Pleistocene, but the other five are younger than 60 ka, were truncated by the collapse, and now make up the steep inner walls. The climactic ignimbrite was preceded by ~ 200 years by radial emplacement of a 100-m-thick sheet of block-rich glassy lava breccia (62–65.5% SiO2). Filling the notches between the truncated dome clusters, the breccia now makes up three segments of the steep caldera wall, which beheads gullies incised into the breccia deposit prior to caldera formation. They were probably shed by a large lava dome extruding where the lake is today.
Succession of copepod species in a Middle Atlantic estuary

A study of the seasonal succession of dominant copepod species was conducted during the period May, 1972 to June, 1973 in the Navesink River estuary, a tributary of the New York Bight. The replacement of the copepod Acartia tonsa by Acartia clausi, a phenomenon well-documented in the middle Atlantic estuaries for the late winter and early spring seasons, was not observed during this study, indicating that this succession may not take place in the Navesink. Instead, the more brackish-water calanoids, Pseudodiaptomus coronatus and Eurytemora affinis replaced A. tonsa, increasing in numbers markedly as the A. tonsa population declined. Although A. clausi is known to occur in temperatures and salinities comparable to those of the Navesink, this study supports the results of Yamazi (1966) that the occurrence of A. clausi in the Navesink is a rarity.