cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phase II study of procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine combination chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant brain tumors.

Forty-eight patients with primary or metastatic malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) were treated with combination chemotherapy, consisting of procarbazine (100 mg/m2 × 14 days), CCNU (75 mg/m2), and vincristine (1.4 mg/m2 × 2, 1 week apart) (PCV) every 4 weeks. Most patients had undergone initial resection of primary tumors, postoperative radiotherapy, and a post irradiation interval of 3 months or more. Other patients harbored unbiopsied, newly-discovered primary or metastatic tumors. All patients were deteriorating neurologically when treatment began. Overall response rate for PCV combination therapy was 44%, no better than results obtained with single agent procarbazine or BCNU, the most effective drugs used alone in previous brain tumor chemotherapy studies.
Increased Heat Shock Protein-70 in Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction in Rats

Our previous studies noted the oxidative stress of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Now, we seek to explore whether UUO affects the intrinsic cellular antioxidants and triggers heat shock protein (HSP-70) and whether these are still highly expressed after reversal of the UUO (R-UUO). In addition, we designed the experiment to determine whether this expression of HSP-70 is a localized or a generalized response. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (125-150 g) were randomly assigned to sham operation, left UUO, or R-UUO procedures at six rats per group. The sham, UUO, and R-UUO animals were studied 10 days after UUO or 7 days after R-UUO. A clear increase in the left (obstructed) kidney's malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, was observed: a significant 2.6-fold of sham during UUO and a 1.7-fold of sham in R-UUO. The contralateral (unobstructed) right kidney showed a significant rise in MDA during UUO, but during R-UUO the MDA had fallen back to sham values. It is possibly the result of a systemic effect from the free radicals produced by the oxidative stress of the UUO. The antioxidant enzyme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) of the left, obstructed kidney showed a significant reduction in UUO compared to that of the sham. Upon reversal of UUO (R-UUO), MnSOD was lower than that of the sham. The left kidney's HSP-70 increased during UUO and was 3.7-fold that of sham (P < 0.05) but, during R-UUO, was not different from sham (P, ns). The contralateral (intact) right kidneys' HSP-70 showed no change between sham, UUO, and R-UUO states. We conclude that UUO gives rise to oxidative stress which is generalized in both the obstructed and the contralateral unobstructed kidney, as indicated by the elevation in kidney MDA content in both kidneys. The intrinsic cellular antioxidant enzyme, manganese superoxide dismutase, showed a significant and generalized reduction in both UUO and R-UUO. In contrast, the HSP-70 was markedly elevated only in the obstructed kidney and not in the R-UUO or in the contralateral kidney, suggesting that the elevation of HSP-70 is a specific and localized response to oxidative injury of UUO.
Measurement of critical shear stress for mud mixtures in the San Jacinto estuary under different wave and current combinations

Abstract In situ measurements of the critical shear stress for the onset of erosion were made at three sites in the shallow, microtidal San Jacinto estuary under different hydrodynamic conditions. Sediment at the three sites was composed of a mixture of sand, silt, and clay with the total silt and clay fraction ranging from 45% to 95% of the total mixtures. The measurements were made by deploying an acoustic Doppler velocimeter over a tide cycle to measure mean and turbulent velocity as well as suspended sediment concentration and significant changes in boundary elevation. Six different techniques were used to convert velocity time series to bed shear stress time series. Two of the sites yielded estimates of the critical shear stress condition for erosion of 0.14 N/m 2 and 0.06 N/m 2 respectively (which correspond to a Shield's stress value of 0.1), but values were not found in the lowest energy environment. The hydraulics of the region are such that flood currents produce the highest shear stresses and therefore the largest degree of erosion. Deposition largely occurs over the lengthy high-water condition. All six methods for estimating the bed shear stress showed general trend correlation, however, significant variation in the estimated magnitude of the bed shear stress was observed among the methods. Based on theoretical considerations and analysis of the data, it was found that the logarithmic profile method performed best in current dominated regions and that the modified turbulent kinetic energy method performed best in the wave dominated zone.
Characterization of the Sulfated Monosialosyltriglycosylceramide from Bovine Gastric Muscosa

A sulfated monosialosyltriglycosylceramide was isolated from the lipid extract of bovine gastric mucosa in a yield of 2.52 μM/kg of wet tissue. The isolation procedure involved extraction of lipids with 0.4M sodium acetate in methanol/chloroform/water, alkaline methanolysis, column fractionation on DEAE-Sephadex and silicic acid, and thin-layer chromatography. Based on the results of partial acid hydrolysis, sequential degradation with specific glycosidases, periodate oxidation, and methylation analysis of the native and partially degraded compund, the structure of this glycolipid is proposed to be: GalNAcβ18Sia23)Galβ4Glcl1Cer. The sialic acid of this glycolipid consisted of N-acetylneuraminie acid and N-glycoloylneuraminic acid, with the former being predominant component (71%) of the mixture.
X‐RADIATION EFFECTS AT DIFFERENT INTENSITIES ON TRADESCANTIA MICROSPORES

IN THE SEARCH for a better understanding of how X radiation affects living material, the methods of investigation have been both direct and indirect and have resulted in many experimental designs. Of the more direct ones, much information has been derived from experiments dealing with the effects of X rays (1) on the organism as a whole, (2) on individual cells and tissues and (3) on the nucleus and nuclear components. The criteria for measuring the influence of radiation have been separated generally into physiological effect and chromosome and/or gene change. These different expressions of radiation effects may be due to separate events or they may be related in the expression of some basic activity (Beatty and Beatty, 1955). In the above categories of investigation, the method of administration of the total dose of X radiation and the environmental conditions under which the dose is administered modify the effectiveness of the radiation. In general, for cells, tissues and organisms, both low total doses and high doses given over long periods of continuous radiation (for literature see Sax, 1955, and Beatty and Beatty, 1955) have a stimulatory effect; stimulatory doses as well as lethal doses vary for different organisms; and the oxygen tension during irradiation influences X-ray action as indicated by the biological expression. Other experiments involving decreasing intensities or oxygen tensions have shown decreasing "two-hit" chromosome aberration frequencies (see Giles, 1955 and Swanson, 1955, for literature) . The work of Sax and Swanson (1941), Sax (1942), Koller (1953), Lane (1953), Darlington and La Cour (1953) and Beatty and Beatty (1954, 1955), using Tradescantia as the experimental material, has emphasized the necessity of considering the physiological expression, not only as an effect of radiation in itself, but also in relation to chromosome breakage. The effects on the chromosome other than breakage, such as unspiraling, clumping, errors in reproduction and abnormal centromere behavior, as well as such cellular disturbances as inhibition in development, stimulation and modifications in the chemical process going on in the cell, may all be related to the breakage frequency. In order to understand better the mechanism involved in the production of aberrations, a study of the physiological effect is necessary. Beatty and Beatty (1955) reported on some of the physiological
The TONIC Trial: A Step Forward in Treating Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB, Van Natta ML, Molleston JP, Murray KF, Rosenthal P, Abrams SH, et al. Effect of vitamin E or metformin for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: the TONIC randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2011;305:1659–1668. (Reprinted with permission). CONTEXT Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in US children and adolescents and can present with advanced fibrosis or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). No treatment has been established. OBJECTIVE To determine whether children with NAFLD would improve from therapeutic intervention with vitamin E or metformin. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted at 10 university clinical research centers in 173 patients (aged 8–17 years) with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD conducted between September 2005 and March 2010. Interventions Daily dosing of 800 IU of vitamin E (58 patients), 1000 mg of metformin (57 patients), or placebo (58 patients) for 96 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was sustained reduction in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) defined as 50% or less of the baseline level or 40 U/L or less at visits every 12 weeks from 48 to 96 weeks of treatment. Improvements in histological features of NAFLD and resolution of NASH were secondary outcome measures. RESULTS Sustained reduction in ALT level was similar to placebo (10/58; 17%; 95% CI, 9% to 29%) in both the vitamin E (15/58; 26%; 95% CI, 15% to 39%; P = .26) and metformin treatment groups (9/57; 16%; 95% CI, 7% to 28%; P = .83). The mean change in ALT level from baseline to 96 weeks was −35.2 U/L (95% CI, −56.9 to −13.5) with placebo vs −48.3 U/L (95% CI, −66.8 to −29.8) with vitamin E (P = .07) and −41.7 U/L (95% CI, −62.9 to −20.5) with metformin (P = .40). The mean change at 96 weeks in hepatocellular ballooning scores was 0.1 with placebo (95% CI, −0.2 to 0.3) vs −0.5 with vitamin E (95% CI, −0.8 to −0.3; P = .006) and −0.3 with metformin (95% CI, −0.6 to −0.0; P = .04); and in NAFLD activity score, −0.7 with placebo (95% CI, −1.3 to −0.2) vs −1.8 with vitamin E (95% CI, −2.4 to −1.2; P = .02) and −1.1 with metformin (95% CI, −1.7 to −0.5; P = .25). Among children with NASH, the proportion who resolved at 96 weeks was 28% with placebo (95% CI, 15% to 45%; 11/39) vs 58% with vitamin E (95% CI, 42% to 73%; 25/43; P = .006) and 41% with metformin (95% CI, 26% to 58%; 16/39; P = .23). Compared with placebo, neither therapy demonstrated significant improvements in other histological features. CONCLUSION Neither vitamin E nor metformin was superior to placebo in attaining the primary outcome of sustained reduction in ALT level in patients with pediatric NAFLD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00063635.
Analysis of semi-empirical interatomic potentials appropriate for simulation of crystalline and liquid Al and Cu

We investigate the application of embedded atom method (EAM) interatomic potentials in the study of crystallization kinetics from deeply undercooled melts, focusing on the fcc metals Al and Cu. For this application, it is important that the EAM potential accurately reproduces melting properties and liquid structure, in addition to the crystalline properties most commonly fit in its development. To test the accuracy of previously published EAM potentials and to guide the development of new potential in this work, first-principles calculations have been performed and new experimental measurements of the Al and Cu liquid structure factors have been undertaken by X-ray diffraction. We demonstrate that the previously published EAM potentials predict a liquid structure that is too strongly ordered relative to measured diffraction data. We develop new EAM potentials for Al and Cu to improve the agreement with the first-principles and measured liquid diffraction data. Furthermore, we calculate liquid-phase diffus...
Outcomes of patients undergoing early sepsis resuscitation for cryptic shock compared with overt shock

Introduction We sought to compare the outcomes of patients with cryptic versus overt shock treated with an emergency department (ED) based early sepsis resuscitation protocol.
A Study of Thermal Effectiveness of Laminar Forced Convection of Nanofluids

Recent theoretical studies show that the convective thermal performance of nanofluids in cooling applications depends crucially on the effective thermophysical properties and, if the performance comparisons are made under different flow constraints, contradictory conclusions can be drawn regarding the effectiveness of the same nanofluid. In this work, an experimental study was reported on the laminar forced convection of Al2O3-water and Al2O3-Polyalphaolefin (PAO) nanofluids through a circular minichannel. Based on the experimental data, the thermal effectivenesses of the nanofluids were evaluated critically using various figures of merit (FOM) under three typical flow constraints, i.e., constant flow rate, constant Reynolds number and constant pumping power. Although the nanofluids enhance convective heat transfer, the results show their overall thermal effectiveness is adversely affected by the combined effects of higher viscosity and lower specific heat. In particular, when the cooling application is constrained by the constant pumping power condition, there is virtually no difference in the thermal performances between the base fluid and the nanofluids.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Vibrational relaxation of hydrogen chloride molecules: HCl(ν) + HCl(0) → HCl(ν - 1) + HCl(0)

Abstract The deexcitation of hydrogen chloride molecules through HCl(ν) + HCl(0) → HCl(ν - 1) + HCl(0) has been studied by use of a model that is based on
Action of ADP and ethanol on muscle proteins in vitro.

Abstract The effects of ADP and ethanol on Ca2+ binding of troponin and the superprecipitation of actomyosin were studied. Ca2+ binding of troponin-tropomyosin complex bound to polystyrene particles (Lytron) was increased by ADP, and this increase was inhibited by ethanol. However, Ca2+ binding of the complex as measured by equilibrium dialysis and by the chelex resin method was not influenced by either ADP or ADP plus ethanol. Ca2+ binding of the thin filament, myosin-ghost myofibrils and myofibrils was also not inhibited. Superprecipitation of actomyosin was augmented in the presence of ADP, and the enhancement was inhibited by ethanol. However, this effect of ADP or ethanol was not observed in the presence of an inhibitor of myokinase, p1, p5-di (adenosine-5′) pentaphosphate (Ap5A). In the presence of Ap5A, superprecipitation of actomyosin was enhanced when small amounts of ATP (10 μM) and ADP (100 μM) were added 5 min prior to the addition of 2 mM ATP to start the reaction. The enhancement of superprecipitation of actomyosin by ADP may be caused by nuclei produced by a low concentration of ATP which is produced from ADP by contaminating myokinase activity. These data suggest that ADP and ethanol influence Ca2+ binding of the troponin-tropomyosin complex bound to a solid phase, but their effects on superprecipitation may not necessarily reflect muscle contraction in vivo.
The influence of electrochemical potential on chemistry at electrode surfaces modeled by MO theory

Abstract When, on an electrode surface, the applied potential is changed, electrons flow into or out of the surface and some ions from the electrolyte may adsorb specifically while others remain in the diffuse double layer. An equilibrium is reached with the surface work function changed by an amount equal to the applied potential change, according to work function measurements on emersed electrodes with intact double layers. This suggests a band shift model is appropriate for quantum calculations of electrode phenomena. The use of the atom superposition and electron delocalization molecular orbital (ASED-MO) theory to calculate properties of isolated adsorbate molecules as functions of band shifts is demonstrated and the use of perturbation theory to interpret the calculational results is explained in this paper. For adsorbed CO and CN, calculated CO and PtC and CM− and AgC bond vibrational frequency dependencies on potential changes are found to agree with experiment in a qualitative if not quantitative way. The phenomenological Stark-effect approach and semiempirical as well as self-consistent field single determinant cluster-in-a-field approaches from other laboratories for the potential dependencies of adsorbed CO and CN− vibrational frequencies are discussed and evaluated. Additional results of the ASED-MO band shift theory are presented. These include the potential dependence of CO adsorption sites on Pt and Pd surfaces, activation of CC and C-H bonds in C2H2 on Pt and Fe electrodes, the dissolution of FeOH+ from Fe anodes, leading to passive film formation, and the anodic generation of O2 on SrFeO3.
Oncogenic RAS mutations in myeloma cells selectively induce cox-2 expression, which participates in enhanced adhesion to fibronectin and chemoresistance.

Oncogenic RAS expression occurs in up to 40% of multiple myeloma (MM) cases and correlates with aggressive disease. Since activated RAS induces cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) expression in other tumor models, we tested a role for cox-2 in mutant RAS–containing MM cells. We used the ANBL-6 isogenic MM cell lines in which the IL-6–dependent parental line becomes cytokine independent following transfection with mutated N-RAS or K-RAS. Both mutated N-RAS– and K-RAS–expressing ANBL-6 cells demonstrated a selective up-regulation of cox-2 expression and enhanced secretion of PGE2, a product of cox-2. Furthermore, in 3 primary marrow specimens, which contained MM cells expressing mutated RAS, 15% to 40% of tumor cells were positive for cox-2 expression by immunohistochemistry. We used cox-2 inhibitors, NS398 and celecoxib, and neutralizing anti-PGE2 antibody to test whether cox-2/PGE2 was involved in the aggressive phenotype of MM ANBL-6 cells containing mutated RAS. Although these interventions had no effect on IL-6–independent growth or adhesion to marrow stromal cells, they significantly inhibited the enhanced binding of mutant RAS– containing MM cells to fibronectin and the enhanced resistance to melphalan. These results indicate a selective induction of cox-2 in MM cells containing RAS mutations, which results in heightened binding to extracellular matrix protein and chemotherapeutic drug resistance.
An asynchronous Network-on-Chip router with low standby power

The Network-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm is now widely used to interconnect the processing elements (PEs) in a chip multi-processor (CMP). It has been reported that the NoC consumes about a third of the total power consumption of the multi-core processor. To address this, asynchronous NoC routers have been proposed, to eliminate the clocking power associated with the NoC implementation, which is typically a large fraction of the NoC power consumption. In this work, we present a technique to reduce the standby power of a state-of-the-art asynchronous NoC router. In our approach, the router is put in a known input state when idle, and each gate in the unmodified router is replaced by a logically equivalent gate whose supply pin is connected to a PMOS device with a high threshold voltage in case its output in the idle state was 0. On the other hand, if the output of the unmodified gate in the idle state was 1, it is replaced by a logically equivalent gate whose ground terminal is connected to a NMOS device with a high threshold voltage. Our router is inserted in a NoC, and verified logically for correct routing functionality. We also simulated it at the circuit level using a 45nm fabrication technology, and show that it has a low wake-up time from sleep, and a minimal steady-state routing delay (13%) and area (23%) overhead, and a 8.1× lower standby power, when compared to an unmodified asynchronous NoC router, which was also implemented. Our leakage improvement is achieved in part by using a novel method to control the leakage of the inverter chain used to drive the sleep signal, something which that is not possible with traditional leakage reduction techniques.
Effects of Dietary Fluoride Ingestion on Ration Intake and Milk Production

The influence of 1-mo ingestion of a ration containing 50, 100, 150, or 200 ppm fluoride (as sodium fluoride) on milk production and ration intake of Holstein cows was studied. The total amount of fluoride administered was mixed into the grain mix and fed twice each day. The concentrations of fluoride in plasma and urine were related to the concentration of fluoride in the ration. There was no effect of fluoride on hay intake, but there was a decrease in intake of the grain mix at an intake of 200 ppm fluoride. The ingestion of 150 or 200 ppm fluoride for 1 mo had a slight adverse effect on milk production. From these results we suggest that rations containing less than 150 ppm fluoride will not influence ration intake or milk production adversely if they are fed for a short time to mature cattle not suffering from other long-term adverse effects of fluoride ingestion.
Proposal for a United Nations Basic Space Technology Initiative

The United Nations Programme on Space Applications, implemented by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, promotes the benefits of space-based solutions for sustainable economic and social development. The Programme assists Member States of the United Nations to establish indigenous capacities for the use of space technology and its applications. In the past the Programme has primarily been focusing on the use of space applications and on basic space science activities. However, in recent years there has been a strong interest in a growing number of space-using countries to build space technology capacities, for example, the ability to develop and operate small satellites. In reaction to this development, the United Nations in cooperation with the International Academy of Astronautics has been organizing annual workshops on small satellites in the service of developing countries. Space technology related issues have also been addressed as part of various other activities of the Programme on Space Applications. Building on these experiences, the Office for Outer Space Affairs is now considering the launch of a new initiative, preliminarily titled the United Nations Basic Space Technology Initiative (UNBSTI), to promote basic space technology development. The initiative would be implemented in the framework of the Programme on Space Applications and its aim would be to help building sustainable capacities for basic space technology education and development, thereby advancing the operational use of space technology and its applications.
Lattice-Gas Quantum Computation

We present a quantum lattice-gas model for a quantum computer operating with continual wavefunction collapse; entanglement of the wavefunction occurs locally over small spatial regions between nearby qubits for only a short time period. The quantum lattice-gas is a noiseless method that directly models the lattice-gas particle dynamics at the mesoscopic scale. The system behaves like a viscous Navier–Stokes fluid. Numerical simulations indicate the viscosity of the quantum lattice-gas fluid is lower than its classical lattice-gas counterpart's.
Association of Syscenus infelix (Crustacea: Isopoda: Aegidae) with benthopelagic rattail fishes, Nezumia spp. (Macrouridae), along the western North Atlantic continental slope

During submersible surveys along the continental slope (summers of 1991 and 1992, 184–847 m) between False Cape, Virginia, and Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA, we observed the aegid isopod, Syscenus infelix Harger, attached to the macrourid Nezumia bairdii (Goode and Bean). This is the first report of S. infelix attached to fishes in the western North Atlantic. The association of this blind isopod with its host appears species specific. The large, conspicuous isopod always attached to a fish in the same location, the dorsal midline, immediately behind the first dorsal fin. Attachment appears to be long term, with the isopod forming a characteristic scar consisting of a distinct discolored oval depression with seven small, dark impressions that coalesce as the fish grows. Only one S. infelix was found on each host fish. The isopod occurred on 23.7% of N. bairdii observed from submersible on the middle continental slope off Virginia and North Carolina, compared with 16.6% of 1236 museum specimens of the same species (based on inspection for scars) collected at latitudes 26°–64°N. Prevalence of the fish–isopod association was not correlated with depth or latitude. We also found identical scars on preserved specimens of N. aequalis (2.6% of 660 specimens), N. sclerorhynchus (1.2% of 86 specimens), and N. suilla (14.3% of 7 specimens), mostly from areas outside the range of N. bairdii. No scars were found on museum specimens of N. atlantica (n=27), N. cyrano (n=57), or N. longebarbata (n=7). The low incidence of isopod attachment on these species suggests that N. bairdii is the preferred host. Infestation by the isopod appears to result in erosion of host fish scales and tissue. We propose that S. infelix is an obligate associate of its host fish and should be considered parasitic.
SUPPLEMENTATION OF VITAMIN E TO BOVINE FEMALES IN “WHITE COW”, MATURE BEEF, UPGRADING PROGRAMS

Forty cull cows were used to determine the effects of feeding supplemental dietary Vitamin E and a high-concentrate feedlot finishing diet on fresh meat retail caselife and oxidized flavor of roast beef from carcasses of such cows. They were either fed a feedlot finishing diet not supplemented with Vitamin E (control; N=8) or were fed a feedlot finishing diet supplemented with Vitamin E for 14, 28, 42 or 56 days (N=8 for each time-on-feed). During the feeding period, the 32 cows in treatment feeding groups had access to a total of 50,400 IU of supplemental Vitamin E; cows in the 14 day time-on-feed group received the highest daily dose (3,600 IU/day) and those in the 56 day time-on-feed group received the lowest daily dose (900 IU/day) of supplemental Vitamin E. On average, tissue α-tocopherol levels were increased from 2.39 μg/g (control) to 4.21–5.44 μg/g by 14–56 days of supplemental feeding. Supplemental feeding of dietary Vitamin E and a feedlot finishing diet had the greatest effect on the visual color and percent surface discoloration of top round and top sirloin steaks and had the least effect on the visual color and percentage surface discoloration of ground beef patties, tenderloin and strip steaks. Taste panelists were able to detect a slightly, but significantly, greater quantity of warmed-over flavor components in the control roast beef than in the roast beef from cattle fed supplemental dietary Vitamin E and a feedlot finishing diet.
Epigenetic Control of Learning and Memory in Drosophila by Tip60 HAT Action

Disruption of epigenetic gene control mechanisms in the brain causes significant cognitive impairment that is a debilitating hallmark of most neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Histone acetylation is one of the best characterized of these epigenetic mechanisms that is critical for regulating learning- and memory- associated gene expression profiles, yet the specific histone acetyltransferases (HATs) that mediate these effects have yet to be fully characterized. Here, we investigate an epigenetic role for the HAT Tip60 in learning and memory formation using the Drosophila CNS mushroom body (MB) as a well-characterized cognition model. We show that Tip60 is endogenously expressed in the Kenyon cells, the intrinsic neurons of the MB, and in the MB axonal lobes. Targeted loss of Tip60 HAT activity in the MB causes thinner and shorter axonal lobes while increasing Tip60 HAT levels cause no morphological defects. Functional consequences of both loss and gain of Tip60 HAT levels in the MB are evidenced by defects in immediate-recall memory. Our ChIP-Seq analysis reveals that Tip60 target genes are enriched for functions in cognitive processes, and, accordingly, key genes representing these pathways are misregulated in the Tip60 HAT mutant fly brain. Remarkably, we find that both learning and immediate-recall memory deficits that occur under AD-associated, amyloid precursor protein (APP)-induced neurodegenerative conditions can be effectively rescued by increasing Tip60 HAT levels specifically in the MB. Together, our findings uncover an epigenetic transcriptional regulatory role for Tip60 in cognitive function and highlight the potential of HAT activators as a therapeutic option for neurodegenerative disorders.
TU‐C‐301‐01: Going Paperless in a Radiation Oncology Clinic

There are numerous important advantages of going paperless in a radiotherapy clinic. This process can be challenging in many ways. In this session, we share practical details on how a clinic can go paperless. In the first presentation, I will describe this process with Elekta Mosaiq software. The second presentation covers the process with Varian Aria software. The MosaiQ software V2.0 supports three radiotherapy departments, two infusion centers and a specialty wound care clinic at Sharp Healthcare system. All the facilities are within 20 miles from each other. Prior to initiating the paperless process, we acquired a crucial software program, Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro with multiple licenses. We also purchased Fujitsu fi‐ 6130 document scanners, another critical component in our success. The first section to go paperless was the Physics/Dosimetry area. All treatment plans from ADAC Pinnacle and BrainLab BrainScan are converted to PDF files, electronically signed by the planner and stored in MosaiQ under Diagnosis and Interventions. These documents can then be approved by the radiation oncologist and physicist prior to treatment. We also created Word templates in the document section to support billing and special procedures, such as physics consults, special treatment procedure notes, and QA documents. Making full use of the Quality Check List feature was next. Simulation orders, dosimetry tasks, new patient QA, chart checks, chart rounds and close‐out QA of electronic charts are all performed electronically through MosaiQ. For each of these steps, a Quality Check List (QCL) was created and employed so that no critical procedures go un‐documented. Billing has been electronic using HL7 interface for many years at Sharp Healthcare. Finally, the outside reports such as imaging and surgical notes, past H & P, nursing notes, etc, from applications like Cerner, Synapse, are transferred to MosaiQ using the “Print to File” function of Acrobat 9 Pro. Any remaining documents can be scanned and saved as PDF in the patient's EMR. In our experience, the first 5% and last 5% of going paperless took the longest. The process has been painless as well as fun. If there is one factor above all, though, to ensure success, it is having the staff on‐board. Everyone, from the radiation oncologists to the front office personnel, recognizes the value in eliminating paper charts in the department, and has helped to make it happen seamlessly and successfully. Learning objectives are: 1. understand the benefit of going paperless in radiotherapy clinic 2. understand the steps required and optimal sequence to transition from paper to electronic medical records 3. understand the value of safeguards such as redundancies, double‐ checks, etc that should be placed for safe delivery of radiation
Production and study of antibody produced aganist rat cadmium thionein

Abstract Cadmium binding protein (CdBP)* has been isolated from rat liver and separated by DEAE ionexchange chromatography into its two forms: CdBP-1 and CdBP-2. An analysis of the purity of these two proteins has been made by disc gel clectrophoresis and slab gel electrophoresis. It was found that the first cadmium binding protein peak to elute from the DEAE separation, referred to as CdBP-1, contained significant amounts of impurities, whereas the second peak, referred to as CdBP-2, was electrophoretically pure. Rabbits were immunized with either monomeric CdBP or glutaraldehyde-trcated CdBP. Antisera from these rabbits have been tested for their ability to bind CdBP and ZnMt. Antigen binding capacity (ABC), double diffusion in gels and competitive binding assays were used to characterize the strength and specificity of the antisera. The anti-CdBP produced cross reacts completely with CdBP-1 and CdBP-2 as well as with ZnMt-A and ZnMt-B.
Porous nanoparticle supported lipid bilayers (protocells) as delivery vehicles

Mixing liposomes with hydrophilic particles induces fusion of the liposome onto the particle surface. Such supported bilayers have been studied extensively as models of the cell membrane, while their applications in drug delivery have not been pursued. In this communication, we report liposome fusion on mesoporous particles as a synergistic means to simultaneously load and seal cargo within the porous core. We find fusion of a cationic lipid (DOTAP) on an anionic silica particle loads an anionic fluorescent dye (calcein) into the particle to a concentration exceeding 100× that in the surrounding medium. The loaded “protocell” particles are taken up efficiently by Chinese hamster ovary cells, where, due to a reduced pH within endosomal compartments, calcein is effectively released. Compared to some other nanoparticle systems, protocells provide a simple construct for cargo loading, sealing, delivery, and release. They promise to serve as useful vectors in nanomedicine.
Globalizing Shanghai: foreign investment and urban restructuring

Abstract The rapid economic ascent of China and the increasing integration of the world economy over the past two decades have made the metropolises in China, such as Shanghai and Beijing, emerging global cities. As in other parts of the developing world, foreign investment is a central force underlying the emergence of Chinese metropolises as global cities. This is especially true in Shanghai where major foreign investments in China are concentrated. The primary objectives of this paper are twofold: (1) to examine the process of foreign investment development in Shanghai and (2) to assess the significance of foreign investment in the transformation of Shanghai into a global city. As the literature on global cities dwells primarily on the experiences of those cities with advanced economies, this paper broadens the scope by contributing to a better understanding of the dynamics of global city formation in the developing world.
RF Measurements Of High Temperature Superconducting Material

A simple RF measurement method using a resonant strip in a waveguide has been developed. The method has been used to measure the RF properties of different superconducting materials. The results of Q and loss measurements will be presented.© (1988) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The effect of anabolic implants on intramuscular lipid deposition in finished beef cattle.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of anabolic implants on performance, changes in ultrasound measurements, carcass quality, cellularity of i.m. and s.c. adipose depots, and mRNA expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in i.m. adipose tissue of finished beef cattle. Angus heifers (experiment 1: n = 10; 411 kg of BW) and steers (experiment 2: n = 18; 279 kg of BW) were randomly allotted as control (C) or implanted with Synovex-Plus (SP) at d 0 and midway through the finishing period. The cattle were fed a high-concentrate diet and were weighed at approximately 28-d intervals. Heifers and steers were finished for 108 and 133 d, respectively. At slaughter, a section of the LM (sixth to ninth rib) was removed, and i.m. adipose tissue was dissected for mRNA analysis. Subcutaneous and i.m. adipose tissues also were collected for determination of cellularity. At 48 h postmortem, carcass data were collected, and a steak (12th rib) was removed for analysis of lipid and fatty acid composition. Body weight did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments until after reimplanting of the heifers (d 55) or steers (d 73). Average daily gain was 36 and 16% faster (P 0.10) dressing percent, fat thickness, percentage of KPH, yield grade, or marbling score. Intramuscular lipid content and concentrations of major fatty acids did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments. Percentage of SC adipocytes was greater at larger diameters ( > 150 microm), whereas the majority of i.m. adipocytes were at small to middle diameters (50 to 150 microm). The number of i.m. adipocytes per gram of tissue was greater (P 0.10) between treatments and tissues, but in experiment 2 both cellularity traits were greater (P < 0.01) for s.c. than for i.m.. Implanting did not alter mRNA expression of ACC, SCD, or LPL in i.m. adipose tissue. This study shows that anabolic implants do not appear to have direct effects on i.m. lipid deposition.
Empirical Studies of Child Welfare Training Effectiveness: Methods and Outcomes

Although public child welfare agencies, as well as contracted private providers, conduct extensive amounts of training, the evaluation evidence for effectiveness of training interventions is sparse. This article provides a critical review of published reports of the child welfare training evaluation literature. When we conducted a search of the literature published since 1990, 14 articles met the criteria for inclusion. These articles are reviewed according to: training audience, training duration, research design, sample size, outcome measures, and reported results. Our conclusions identify strengths and weaknesses in evaluation approaches to date and suggest strategies for enhancing the evidence base of this core intervention in child welfare.
The Oscillatory Character of the Variations in the Weights of Dairy Heifers

Summary Data are presented showing that the daily weights of growing dairy heifers receiving a non-roughage diet consist of a general trend plus an oscillatory function of time which tends to become less pronounced as the heifers increase in age and size. The behavior of the weights of these heifers when older was very similar to the behavior of the weights of yearling beef heifers fed on a normal alfalfa hay diet which indicates that the different behaviors at different ages observed for these heifers was a matter of age and not of diet. At any age there was always a tendency for a deviation from trend in a daily weight to depend on the deviations for the adjacent days. This fact must be considered in calculating the accuracy of the results of feeding trials. If weights that are used as the basis of conclusions in feeding trials happen to fall at the right parts of the natural oscillations, then very misleading results may be obtained. From the data presented it appears that for short time trials several animals should be included if possible, the environmental conditions be kept uniform, and frequent weighings throughout the trial should be made. For long-time trials, regular comparable weighings as often as possible should be made throughout the entire course of the trial.
Perspectives on interferon-induced depression: toward an integration of psychiatry, neuroscience and immunology

Cytokines are small protein molecules which play a key role in viral clearance. Interferon-alpha (IFN) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is used to treat hepatitis C. However, the use of IFN can result in the development of neuropsychiatric side effects and sickness behavior, such as depression, irritability and fatigue. IFN-induced depression occurs in approximately 20-30% of patients with HCV, yet the mechanisms and risk factors associated with this complication of its use are not well understood.
Irreversibility temperatures in superconducting oxides: The flux-line-lattice melting, the glass-liquid transition, or the depinning temperatures.

The magnetic-field dependence of the irreversibility temperatures follows an H=a[1-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{r}}$(H)/${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$(0)${]}^{\mathit{n}}$ relationship with n\ensuremath{\simeq}1.5, for pure and alloyed ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$(${\mathrm{Cu}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathit{x}}$${)}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ with x=0 and 0.02, where M=Al, Fe, Ni, and Zn, measured for an applied field parallel to the c axis. However, for M=Ni and x=0.04 and 0.06, n\ensuremath{\simeq}2.0. This relationship is not applicable for either ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ or (Bi,Pb${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{10}$ powders. It is also shown that the irreversibility temperature is a strong function of the magnetic hysteresis width \ensuremath{\Delta}M for pure and alloyed ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. These results and the measurements of the flux creep \ensuremath{\Delta}M(t) for these specimens suggest that ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{r}}$(H) is a depinning line rather than a lattice melting or glass-to-liquid phase-transition temperature. However, the conventional flux-creep model cannot account for all of the observed temporal dependences of \ensuremath{\Delta}M(t).
Species specificity of symbiosis and secondary metabolism in ascidians

Ascidians contain abundant, diverse secondary metabolites, which are thought to serve a defensive role and which have been applied to drug discovery. It is known that bacteria in symbiosis with ascidians produce several of these metabolites, but very little is known about factors governing these ‘chemical symbioses’. To examine this phenomenon across a wide geographical and species scale, we performed bacterial and chemical analyses of 32 different ascidians, mostly from the didemnid family from Florida, Southern California and a broad expanse of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Bacterial diversity analysis showed that ascidian microbiomes are highly diverse, and this diversity does not correlate with geographical location or latitude. Within a subset of species, ascidian microbiomes are also stable over time (R=−0.037, P-value=0.499). Ascidian microbiomes and metabolomes contain species-specific and location-specific components. Location-specific bacteria are found in low abundance in the ascidians and mostly represent strains that are widespread. Location-specific metabolites consist largely of lipids, which may reflect differences in water temperature. By contrast, species-specific bacteria are mostly abundant sequenced components of the microbiomes and include secondary metabolite producers as major components. Species-specific chemicals are dominated by secondary metabolites. Together with previous analyses that focused on single ascidian species or symbiont type, these results reveal fundamental properties of secondary metabolic symbiosis. Different ascidian species have established associations with many different bacterial symbionts, including those known to produce toxic chemicals. This implies a strong selection for this property and the independent origin of secondary metabolite-based associations in different ascidian species. The analysis here streamlines the connection of secondary metabolite to producing bacterium, enabling further biological and biotechnological studies.
Albumin-binding PARACEST agents

Lanthanide complexes (Eu3+, Gd3+ and Yb3+) of two different 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid tetraamide derivatives containing two (2) and four (3) O-benzyl-l-serine amide substituents were synthesized and their chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and relaxometric properties were examined in the presence and absence of human serum albumin (HSA). Both Eu2 and Eu3 display a significant CEST effect from a single slowly exchanging Eu3+-bound water molecule, making these PARACEST complexes potentially useful as vascular MRI agents. Yb2 also showed a detectable CEST effect from both the Yb3+-bound water protons and the exchangeable NH amide protons, making it potentially useful as a vascular pH sensor. Fluorescence displacement studies using reporter molecules indicate that both Gd2 and Gd3 displace dansylsarcosine from site II of HSA with inhibition constants of 32 and 96 μM, respectively, but neither complex significantly displaces warfarin from site I. Water proton relaxation enhancements of 135 and 171% were observed upon binding of Gd2 and Gd3 to HSA, respectively, at 298 K and pH 7.4.
Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation using self-assembled chiral bidentate ligands*

The chirality-directed self-assembly of bifunctional subunits around a structural metal—typically, zinc(II)—is used to form a heteroleptic complex in which a second set of ligating groups are suitably disposed to bind a second metal, forming a heterobimetallic cat- alyst system. We find that subtle changes in the structural backbone (i.e., ligand scaffold) of such chiral bidentate self-assembled ligands (SALs) can be used to manipulate the ligand topography and chiral environment around catalytic metal; thus, the scaffold can be opti- mized to maximize asymmetric induction. Using this combinatorial strategy for ligand syn- thesis, a preliminary study was carried out in which a library of 110 SALs was evaluated in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of a simple N-acyl enamide. The level of enantioselectivity obtained varies from near racemic to greater than 80 % ee as a function of the ligand scaffold, with the possibility of further improvement yet to be explored.
Violence against Women in Pakistan: Perceptions and Experiences of Domestic Violence

Pakistan has attracted international media attention for a number of gruesome acts of violence against women. The recent case of the gang rape of Mukhtar Mai and the consequent role of the police, ...
The morphology of topologically complex interfaces

Using a method for characterizing the spatial correlations of interfacial curvature in topologically complex structures, the correlations of mean interfacial curvature for bicontinuous structures produced using nonconserved and conserved dynamics are examined. In both cases the analysis has identified characteristic length scales of these complex structures, related to, in the nonconserved case, the distance between high-curvature tunnels, and in the conserved case, correlations and anticorrelations between regions of curvature of opposite sign.
1126 AN IMBALANCE IN PLATELET-VASCULAR PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS INDUCED BY HOMOCYSTEINE (HC) AND HOMOCYSTEIC ACID (HCA)

Homocystinuria is characterized by serious vascular thromboses and elevated plasma levels of HC and HCA. The etiology of the thromboses is unknown. Platelets (plts) produce proaggregatory and prothrombotic Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) while vascular endothelium produces antiaggregatory and antithrombotic PGI2. An imbalance in production of TXA2 and/or PGI2 can lead to bleeding or thrombosis. We investigated production of plt TXB2 (the end product of TXA2) and vascular 6-Keto-PGF1α (the end product of PGI2) in plts and vascular endothelium exposed in vitro to HC and HCA, 0.4 to 2.0 mM. Conversion of 14C arachidonic acid (AA) to plt TXB2 was increased in the presence of HC or HCA. In 8 paired experiments, mean pit TXB2 increased to 19.4±3.5% (1SE) in the presence of HCA, compared to control values of 14.6±3.6% (p<0.01). Similarly, in 4 paired experiments pit TXB2 was increased (18.7±2.3%) in the presence of H.C., when compared to a mean value of 7.8±1.1% (p<0.05) in the control pits. No differences in 6-Keto-PGF1α production were observed in 6 paired experiments when vessels were incubated with either buffer, HC or HCA (0.73±.07; 0.7±.05; 0.76±.07%). These studies demonstrate that HC and HCA alter plt and vascular AA metabolism by increasing production of prothrombotic plt TXA2 without a compensatory increase in antithrombotic vascular PGI2. Such an imbalance may explain the marked thrombotic tendency in Homocystinuria.