cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Modeling of Refrigeration Cycle for Electronics Cooling

In this paper a refrigeration cycle consisting of multiple evaporators, liquid accumulator, compressor, condenser and expansion valves is analyzed. In the cycle the evaporators and condenser are treated as dynamic components while the liquid accumulator, compressor and the expansion valve are consider static components. For the dynamic components, equations for conservation of mass, energy and momentum are used to characterize the comprehensive transient behaviors. One of the differences with previous models is the use of the momentum equation which is typically neglected in traditional vapor compression refrigeration systems, but it is important in electronics cooling where microchannels are commonly used and a significant pressure drop is observed in the evaporator. This model is expected to have higher accuracy than previously used lumped parameter approximation while maintaining its simplicity to be useful for control purposes. The compressor and expansion valves are modeled using empirical relations, the accumulator is used to guarantee proper operation of the compressor. Local system stability is analyzed using a linearized model at some operating condition and an experimental testbed is developed to validate the model. The test bed consists of three electrically controlled heaters immersed in the refrigeration loop which act as the evaporators. A heated tank as an accumulator for operation at wide range of operating conditions, including low quality at the evaporator outlets. A reciprocating compressor with variable frequency drive to operate
DAMA and the self similar infall halo model

The annual modulation in the rate of WIMP recoils observed by the DAMA collaboration at high signicance is often analyzed in the context of an isothermal Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution. While this is the simplest model, there is a need to consider other well motivated theories of halo formation. In this paper, we study a dierent halo model, that of self similar infall which is characterized by the presence of a number of cold streams and caustics, not seen in simulations. It is shown that the self similar infall model is consistent with the DAMA result both in amplitude and in phase, for WIMP masses exceeding 250 GeV at the 99.7% condence level. Adding a small thermal component makes the parameter space near m = 12 GeV consistent with the self similar model. The minimum 2 per degree of freedom is found to be 0.92(1.03) with(without) channeling taken into account, indicating an acceptable t. For WIMP masses much greater than the mass of the target nucleus, the recoil rate depends only on the ratio p=m which is found to be 0.06 femtobarn/TeV. However as in the case of the isothermal halo, the allowed parameter space is inconsistent with the null result obtained by the CDMS and Xenon experiments for spin-independent elastic scattering. Future experiments with directional sensitivity and mass bounds from accelerator experiments will help to distinguish between dierent halo models and/or constrain the contribution from cold ows.
Vitamin D, dietary calcium and parathyroid hormone interactions in chicks.

The effect of dietary vitamin D levels on the response to iv injected parathyroid hormone (PTH) was studied in chicks fed one of three diets: D-deficient, Control-D (1.4 IU cholecalciferol/g diet), or High-D (70 IU cholecalciferol/g diet) during the first 4 weeks post-hatching. Compared to chicks on Control-D diet, chicks on the D-deficient diet had significantly decreased plasma Ca levels at 2 and 4 weeks and increased plasma P levels at 17 and 21 days. The plasma Ca response to a low dose of PTH (15 USP U/100 g body wt) 1 hr postinjection was normal at 1 week, reduced at 2 weeks and absent at 4 weeks in Ddeficient chicks. However, a 4–16-fold higher dose of PTH did elicit a significant, though subnormal, response in this group at 3 and 4 weeks. Chicks fed the D-deficient diet with 2.8% Ca, compared to 1.4% Ca, showed a near normal plasma Ca level and bone ash content and only a small increase in plasma P at 17 and 21 days. However, the plasma Ca response to 15 U PTH/100 g body wt in this group was signi...
Radiation therapy: current and evolving strategies for nonmalignant intracranial tumors.

ADIATION, received at its invention as a great novelty, rapidly demonstrated that its unrestricted use translated into catastrophic complications, mostly in the form of cancers. Over time, limits were imposed to reduce exposure of personnel and surrounding body structures, yet deliver an appropriate dose to a specific target to achieve a particular goal. This is now achieved with modern forms of radiation by complex algorithms and highpowered computer technology. The paradox remains that this potentially harmful energy source may be harnessed and with careful planning be an effective instrument in the treatment of various tumors, yet may still have unwanted, delayed consequences. In this month’s topic of Neurosurgical Focus, we explore current radiation treatment of benign intracranial tumors. The first article is a review of the current management strategies of various benign tumors using state of the art radiation methods, highlight some of the differences in these techniques, and finally demonstrate how these can be complementary to the surgical treatment of these tumors. Gopalan and Lee explore the use of stereotactic radiosurgery (primarily Gamma Knife) and CyberKnife, respectively, in the treatment of craniopharyngioma. Pearson describes the evolution that treatment of atypical meningioma has undergone over the past several years with changing diagnostic criteria. Romanelli reviews radiation for hypothalamic hamartomas and Ghostin,e the treatment of pituitary adenomas. Juxtaposed to these fine articles describing the benefits of radiation therapy is the excellent, yet sobering, contribution of Umansky documenting in graphic detail the consequence of radiation therapy, given in the past for relatively benign conditions. Although these radiation-induced tumors are, thankfully, not common in a typical neurosurgical practice, the consequences of even “benign” doses of radiation may, at some point in the future, result in unacceptable outcomes. Will we be seeing more of these tumors in the future as we refer more patients for radiation? This notion is highlighted by the critique and comments of Mathiesen.
Counseling Psychology's Commitment to Strengths: Rhetoric or Reality?

A positive psychology framework is consistent with counseling psychology's historic claim of focusing on strengths and optimal human functioning. The major articles in this issue of The Counseling Psychologist introduced many innovative, provocative, pragmatic, and useful ideas, strategies, and models related to this framework. For the most part, these articles failed, however, to integrate cultural factors, developmental concepts and interventions, and other strategies (e.g., social justice, psycho-education, prevention, program development, consultation) in their discussion of paradigms grounded in positive psychology. The current author discusses this omission and critiques the positive psychology framework described in these articles. The author presents a few steps to overcome the obstacles hindering the genuine implementation of a strength-based, developmental paradigm of counseling as well.
Simulating uniform lossy lines by the time-domain modal analysis

This paper extends the time-domain modal analysis for simulating transmission lines to include lossy coupled systems of arbitrary geometries. It provides exact solution for the case where the dielectric medium is homogeneous and an approximate one for the case of an inhomogeneous medium. A numerical example is given, illustrating the accuracy of the proposed method. >
Meta-analysis in model implementation: choice sets and the valuation of air quality improvements

This research illustrates how the methods developed for meta-analysis can serve to document and summarize voluminous information derived from repeated sensitivity analyses. Our application is to the sensitivity of welfare estimates derived from discrete choice models to assumptions about the choice set. These assumptions affect welfare estimates through both the estimated parameters of the model and, conditional on the parameters, the substitution among alternatives. In our specific application, the evaluation is in terms of estimated benefits of air quality improvements in Los Angeles based on discrete choices of neighborhood and housing. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variations in Sites of Origin of the Coronary Arteries

The ascending Ao may be divided into two parts, the sinus, or proximal, portion, and the tubular, or distal, portion. The junction between these two parts lies at about the level of the free edge of the aortic cusps. Deviation of a few millimeters in the level of origin of the coronary arteries with respect to the junction is common. When the origin is as much as 1 cm above the junction, a condition of congenital high takeoff or ectopic origin should be considered. Instances of congenital high takeoff of a coronary artery usually involve the RC. Variations within the normal range are shown in Figure 124, after which cases exhibiting high takeoff will be illustrated.
A Qualitative Model for Predicting Alkyl Stability and its Relevance to Organometallic Growth of HgCdTe and GaAlAs

A qualitative stability model established for hydrocarbon molecules and extended to organometallic compounds is applied to alkyl organometallic compounds used in thin film growth. For hydrocarbon molecules the strength of a carbon-hydrogen bond is reduced by neighboring alkyl groups, The mechanism for this effect is delocalization of the unpaired electronic charge in the resultant free radical by neighboring alkyl groups. The delocalization effect is present in organometallic compounds and is illustrated here for several alkyl organometallic systems. Two applications of the delocalization effect in thin film growth are discussed. First the thermal stability of organotellurium compounds is substantially reduced in branched compounds which permits significantly lower HgCdTe metalorganic growth temperatures. Also carbon incorporation in GaAs and GaAlAs is reduced with ethyl instead of methyl organometallic compounds. An important factor contributing to this result is the weaker carbon-metal bonds in the ethyl compounds.
Evaluation of heparin assay for coagulation management in newborns undergoing ECMO.

The objective was to identify the usefulness of heparin level by anti–factor Xa (anti-Xa) assay vs activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) or activated clotting time (ACT) in neonates undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). A retrospective record review of 21 patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (mean ECMO initiation age, 2 days; range, 0-4 days; male/female ratio, 1:1) undergoing ECMO from 2006 to 2008 was performed. Linear regression correlations between anti-Xa, PTT, and ACT were determined by extrapolating PTT and ACT therapeutic ranges that corresponded with the ECMO heparin target range of 0.3 to 0.6 U/mL. Pearson correlation coefficients between heparin levels and PTT (–0.903 to 0.984), PTT less than 40 seconds after correction using PTT-heparinase (–0.903 to 1.000), and ACT (–0.951 to 0.891) in this patient population were widely variable. Inconsistency of PTT and ACT therapeutic ranges corresponding to heparin levels of 0.3 to 0.6 U/mL prompts a multifactorial approach to ECMO management because no single laboratory test can be used to determine appropriate anticoagulation management.
Iterative Learning Control using a basis signal library

There are a vast number of manufacturing applications that are repetitive in nature and therefore can benefit from Iterative Learning Control (ILC) algorithms. However, some of these applications are unfit for continuous open loop signal updates from ILC either because the complete manufacturing cycle includes abrupt transitions in system dynamics or is prohibitively long for efficient implementation. This paper explores a method to control one such system, Micro Robotic Deposition (μRD), using ILC as an open loop control signal identification technique. Instead of continuously updating the ILC control signal for the complete operation, we exploit the characteristic that all μRD cycles are a sequence of a few basis tasks and only these basis tasks are learned. Control signals for these basis tasks build a library of basis signals, which can then be appropriately sequenced as the control signal for the complete manufacturing cycle. This paper introduces a method to build this basis signal library and extract and coordinate the signals depending on predefined μRD operations and material used as specified by numerically controlled machine language. The methods applied to μRD display the ability to drastically improve end product quality with a significantly shortened signal identification process.
Enclosed Layout Transistor with Active Region Cutout

An enclosed-layout-transistor (ELT) is modified using the active region cutout (ARC) technique. This transistor is called ARCELT. 3-D simulations were performed to obtain the leakage current with respect to radiation induced charge density, while keeping the layout dimensions and process parameters unchanged, for a standard nMOS transistor, the ELT and the ARCELT. The aspect ratio W/L of ARCELT was found to be smaller than ELT. It is shown that the ARCELT has radiation tolerance similar to that of ELT. The ARCELT can be configured as a triple electrode MOSFET device that can be used to design compound transistors. Two applications of ARCELT as a compound transistor are shown.
Treatment of familial male precocious puberty with spironolactone, testolactone, and deslorelin

Combined antiandrogen (spironolactone) and aromatase inhibitor (testolactone) are effective for the short term treatment of familial male precocious puberty. During this therapy, plasma testosterone levels remain in the adult range, since spironolactone blocks the testosterone receptor without significantly affecting plasma testosterone levels. After our initial 18-month pilot study, we continued to treat eight boys with the combined therapy for 2.0-4.2 yr. During this time all boys exhibited a pubertal rise in gonadotropin secretion and a diminishing response to treatment, which was manifested by the recurrence of clinical features of puberty and an increase in the bone maturation rate (P < 0.05). Addition of the LHRH agonist deslorelin (4 micrograms/kg.day, sc) to the combined therapy decreased peak LH, plasma testosterone, bone maturation rate, and growth velocity (P < 0.05) over the next year. We conclude that the rise in gonadotropin levels during central activation of hypothalamic LHRH secretion in boys with familial male precocious puberty causes a partial escape from the combined effect of spironolactone and testolactone. The addition of deslorelin to the combined therapy appears to restore the control of puberty in this setting.
Follicular Hyperplasia, Follicular Lysis, and Progressive Transformation of Germinal Centers A Sequential Spectrum of Morphologic Evolution in Lymphoid Hyperplasia

We studied mantle B-cell and T-cell ingression in hyperplastic follicles (HFs), follicular lysis (FL), and progressive transformation of germinal centers (PTGC) in 19 paraffin-embedded, HE P < .0001) and a mild increase of mantle B cells (12.3 ± 11.4 vs 2.1 ± 1.6; P < .001). PTGC showed an increase of T-cell ingression compared with HF (36.5 ± 12.1 vs 25.8 ± 7.8; P < .0001) and more migration of mantle B cells into the follicle than FL (41.0 ± 22.5 vs 12.3 ± 11.4; P < .0001). T cells and mantle B cells ingress in FL and PTGC, although the mantle B-cell component predominates in the latter, suggesting that follicular hyperplasia, FL, and PTGC constitute an evolutionary spectrum in resolution of lymphoid hyperplasia with sequential ingression of T cells followed by mantle B cells. The maintenance of bcl-2 expression in mantle B cells in PTGC may cause differential diagnostic pitfalls in florid PTGC vs follicular lymphoma, particularly the so-called floral variant.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils from Leaves of Edible (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Perennial (Arachis glabrata Benth.) Peanut Plants

Abstract:Peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a valuable oilseed crop, but other than the seed, the rest of the plant is of minimal value. Plant material including the leaves is used as soi...
The Influence of Geopolitics and Foreign Policy on the U.S. and Canadian Media: An Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of Sudan's Darfur Conflict:

Considerations of two facts, (1) Canadian media's strong dependence on the U.S. media, and (2) salient differences in foreign policy between the two nations (multilateralism— Canada, unilateralism—the U.S.) raise the question of whether Canadian major media's coverage reflects this difference.With content analysis and semantic network analysis of The New York Times (U.S.) and Globe and Mail (Canada) on the issue of Sudan's Darfur conflict, the authors found that (1) both newspapers focused on the facts of the conflict and Sudan's need of international aid, but (2) the Canadian newspaper's coverage focused more on multilateral/international help and people's suffering from the conflict than the U.S. media.Therefore, it may be concluded that geopolitical status and the U.S. media's influence exert a limited effect on the coverage of Canadian foreign policy: Canadian media have their own voice.
Abstract 3480: Combinatorial apoptotic activity of capsaicin and camptothecin in human small cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 13% of all lung cancer cases and is the most aggressive form of lung cancer. Cisplatin and cisplatin-based combination therapies are the cornerstone of SCLC treatment. Platinum refractoriness is defined as disease which has persisted or progressed (grown) while receiving cisplatin chemotherapy. Patients with platinum resistant or refractory disease have very limited options, as the only standard chemotherapy with an FDA-approved drug, topotecan, has an objective response rate of approximately 3% and little or no survival benefit. Topotecan is a derivative of camptothecin. The objective of our study was to examine whether capsaicin could sensitize human SCLC cells to the apoptotic effects of camptothecin. We observed that the combination of capsaicin and camptothecin displays significantly higher apoptotic activity in human SCLC cell lines as compared to either agent alone. Chou-Talalay analysis showed that the interactions between capsaicin and camptothecin were synergistic. We also measured the effect of capsaicin-camptothecin combination on several Bcl-2 family proteins, namely Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, etc. The results of our studies may be of importance in therapy of platinum-refractory SCLCs. Citation Format: Haley E. Perry, Kathleen C. Brown, Cathryn D. Stevenson, William D. Rollyson, Cody A. Stover, Piyali Dasgupta. Combinatorial apoptotic activity of capsaicin and camptothecin in human small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3480. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3480
Early Allograft Dysfunction After Liver Transplantation Is Associated With Short- and Long-Term Kidney Function Impairment

Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) after liver transplantation (LT) is related to ischemia-reperfusion injury and may lead to a systemic inflammatory response and extrahepatic organ dysfunction. We evaluated the effect of EAD on new-onset acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy within the first month and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) within the first year post-LT in 1325 primary LT recipients. EAD developed in 358 (27%) of recipients. Seventy-one (5.6%) recipients developed AKI and 38 (2.9%) developed ESRD. Compared with those without EAD, recipients with EAD had a higher risk of AKI and ESRD (4% vs. 9% and 2% vs. 6%, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an independent relationship between EAD and AKI as well as ESRD (odds ratio 3.5, 95% confidence interval 1.9-6.4, and odds ratio 3.1, 95% confidence interval 11.9-91.2, respectively). Patients who experienced both EAD and AKI had inferior 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year patient and graft survival compared with those with either EAD or AKI alone, while those who had neither AKI nor EAD had the best outcomes (p < 0.001). Post-LT EAD is a risk factor for both AKI and ESRD and should be considered a target for future intervention to reduce post-LT short- and long-term renal dysfunction.
Longitudinal Dispersion in Steady and Unsteady Flow

Summary of results of experimental investigation concerning 1-dimensional dispersion in porous media under laminar flow conditions; in agreement with previous investigators, dispersion coefficient correlated with seepage velocity according to relationship indicated; investigation was performed as first part of study of dynamics of seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers. (26 refs.)
The State Space: Realizations, Controllability, Observability, Equivalence

We have already introduced “realizations” in dealing with the transfer and Hankel matrices (see Chapter 3). In this chapter, we extend the theory developed in Part I (e.g., Chapters 10 and 11).
Effect of Atrial Extract on Renal Function in the Rat

1. The effects of myocardial extracts on renal function were studied in the rat. Infusion of rat atrial extract but not of ventricular extract resulted in a significant natriuresis in both pentobarbitone anaesthetized and unanaesthetized rats that were either deprived of food and water (for 18 h before the experiment) or were expanded with isotonic sodium chloride solution (1.5% body weight/h) during the experiment. 2. The increase in sodium excretion was three to four times greater in both groups of volume-expanded rats than in the two groups of food- and water-deprived rats. 3. Glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were not affected by atrial extract, indicating that the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) directly inhibited sodium reabsorption at the tubular level. 4. Distal tubular blockade with a combination of frusemide and amiloride was employed to differentiate between proximal and distal tubular sites of action of ANF. Infusion of atrial extract into saline-expanded, distally blocked rats resulted in a transient increase in both the glomerular filtration rate and sodium excretion; fractional sodium excretion was unaffected by atrial extract in these experiments. 5. We conclude that (a) the renal response to ANF is not affected by pentobarbitone anaesthesia, (b) the renal response to ANF is dependent on the state of the extracellular fluid volume of the animal and (c) that ANF inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron.
Rejecting the Grand Bargain: What Happens When Large Companies Opt Out of Workers’ Compensation?

The “grand bargain” of workers’ compensation, whereby workers relinquished the right to sue their employers in exchange for no-fault occupational injury insurance, was one of the great tort reforms of the Twentieth Century. However, there is one U.S. state that has always permitted employers to decline workers’ compensation coverage, and in which many firms (“nonsubscribers”) have chosen to do so: Texas. This study examines the impact of Texas nonsubscription on fifteen large, multistate nonsubscribers that provided their Texas employees with customized occupational injury insurance benefits (“private plans”) in lieu of workers’ compensation coverage between 1998 and 2010. As economic theory would lead one to expect, nonsubscription generated considerable cost savings. My preferred estimates suggest that costs per worker hour fell by about 44 percent. These savings were driven by a drop in the frequency of more serious claims involving replacement of lost wages, and by a decline in costs per claim. Both medical and wage-replacement costs fell substantially. Although the decline in wage-replacement costs was larger in percentage terms than the drop in medical costs, the latter was equally financially consequential since medical costs comprise a larger share of total costs. The second stage, which compares the effect of nonsubscription across different types of injuries, finds that non-traumatic injury claims were more responsive to nonsubscription than traumatic ones. In part, this disparity reflects the fact that private plans categorically exclude some non-traumatic injuries from the scope of coverage. Yet even those non-traumatic injuries that were not excluded from coverage declined more than traumatic injuries, consistent with aggressive claim screening by employers and/or a decline in over-claiming and over-utilization by employees in the nonsubscription environment. The third stage examines the effect of nonsubscription on severe, traumatic injuries, which are generally the least susceptible to reporting bias and moral hazard. The sizable and significant decline in such injuries is consistent with an improvement in real safety, although it could also be explained by aggressive claim screening. The final stage of the study probes whether four ubiquitous features of private plans – non-coverage of permanent partial disabilities, categorical exclusion of many diseases and some non-traumatic injuries, capped benefits, and lack of chiropractic care – explain the observed trends. Surprisingly, these features account for little of the estimated cost savings. Although many study participants describe limited provider choice and 24-hour reporting windows as major cost drivers, data limitations preclude me from identifying their respective impacts. Overall, my findings suggest an urgent need for policymakers to examine the economic and distributional effects of converting workers’ compensation from a cornerstone of the social welfare state into an optional program that exists alongside privately-provided forms of occupational injury insurance.
Exploring the influence of the protein environment on metal-binding pharmacophores.

The binding of a series of metal-binding pharmacophores (MBPs) related to the ligand 1-hydroxypyridine-2-(1H)-thione (1,2-HOPTO) in the active site of human carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII) has been investigated. The presence and/or position of a single methyl substituent drastically alters inhibitor potency and can result in coordination modes not observed in small-molecule model complexes. It is shown that this unexpected binding mode is the result of a steric clash between the methyl group and a highly ordered water network in the active site that is further stabilized by the formation of a hydrogen bond and favorable hydrophobic contacts. The affinity of MBPs is dependent on a large number of factors including donor atom identity, orientation, electrostatics, and van der Waals interactions. These results suggest that metal coordination by metalloenzyme inhibitors is a malleable interaction and that it is thus more appropriate to consider the metal-binding motif of these inhibitors as a pharmacophore rath...
Study on Photocatalytic Efficiency of TiO_2 Coatings on Transmission Line

To reduce pollution flashover and corona discharge on transmission line,TiO2 coatings with different crystal structure on aluminum transmission line were prepared by plasma spraying. The AC-DC external voltage was applied on transmission line with different crystal TiO2 coatings to investigate the degradation rate of methyl orange by TiO2 coatings and the photocatalytic performamce of TiO2 coatings under applied voltage was evaluated. The results show that the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 coating is weak. However,the photocatalytic efficiency of the coating is greatly improved by applying the AC-DC voltage,in which the increase under the condition of DC voltage is the most significant. The photocatalytic effect of the coating increase with the applied voltage. TiO2 coating prepared by the spraying powders composed of 90% rutile TiO2,9% anatase TiO2 and 1% Y2O3 had higher photocatytic efficiency under AC-DC electric field within a short time. Its photocatalytic rate could achieve 25% at 60 min by applying a 30 V AC voltage,while that could reach up to 60% at 30 min under an applied 30 V DC voltage.
INVESTIGATION ON THE INCIDENCE OF HIV,SYPHILIS AND HBV AMONG THE TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS

[Objective] To investigate the infection status of HIV /AIDS,syphilis and HBV co-infection among the patients with tuberculosis(TB) . [Methods] The TB patients were detected the serum anti-HIV,Treponema pallidum(TP) antibody and HBsAg by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) . Positive results of anti-HIV would be repeated and confirmed by a western blotting in provincial CDC. Treponema pallidum particle agglutination(TPPA) assay were carried out on the positive samples of TP antibody,then,toludine red unheated serum test(TRUST) were conducted on the positive ones;HBVM were detected with the positive samples of HBsAg. [Results] 313 cases with TB were not found positive samples of antiHIV;8 cases were found with positive by TP ELISA and 7cases(2.24%) confirmed syphilis by TPPA test. 1 case were proved to be negative in TRUST,other 6 cases were all positive with the specimens titer at the range of 1︰1 to 1︰8,respectively;17 cases(5.43%) were positive with HBsAg,3 kinds of infection mode with HBVM were found. [Conclusion] The infection rate of syphilis is rather high among the patients with TB;then couldn’t neglect the infection of HBV in the TB patients;and should strengthen monitoring of the co-infection of HIV and TB.
The Different Methods of Temperature Taking in Neonates

Objective:To probe the correlation of jugular temperature and rectal one in neonates, and provide relative references for clinical temperature measurement. Method:Common clinical thermometer was used to take the jugular and rectal temperature in 109 neonates. Analyzed and compared the data by self control. Result:There was a significant difference between jugular temperature and rectal one at each different interval of detection(p0.001), and the correlation study demonstrated a high correlation, showing a significance in statistics(p≤0.001).Conclusion:In spite of the differences, neither jugular temperature nor rectal temperature will affect the diagnosis.However,the measurement of jugular temperature is convenient, simple, safe and true, which is worthy to be recommended to take the place of another one of rectal temperature, and easy for nurses to use.
Survey of the Iodine Deficiency Diseases in Beilin District of Xi'an City in 2006

[Objective] To learn the prevention status against iodine deficiency diseases,improve the sustainable control strategies and provide scientific evidence for the control measures.[Methods] Palpation was used to examine the incidence of goiter among all the students in Beilin district;320 samples of household edible salt were collected,which content of iodine was detected with titration method;132 urine samples were stochastically collected,which content of iodine was detected with arsenic-cerium contact method.[Results] The prevalence of goiter among the students was 1.20% and that among the population aged from 7 to 15 was 2.08%;the eligible rate of iodine salt was 99.06%;the median of urinary iodine was 204.5 μg/L.[Conclusion] The situation of iodine deficiency diseases in Beilin District accords with the national standard;the iodine nutrition level is in a proper condition.
Thrombopoietin stimulates colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte proliferation and megakaryocyte maturation independently of cytokines that signal through the gp130 receptor subunit

Thrombopoietin (Tpo), the ligand for the c-Mpl receptor, is a major regulator of megakaryopoiesis. Treatment of mice with Tpo raises the platelet count fourfold within a few days. Conversely, c-mpl knock-out mice have platelet counts that are 15% that of normal. The subunit structure of the c-Mpl receptor is not fully understood. Some cytokines that stimulate megakaryopoiesis (IL-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncostatin M) bind to receptors that use gp130 as a signal transduction subunit. For these reasons, we determined whether gp130 function was required for Tpo-induced signal transduction. Murine marrow cells were cultured in semi-solid media in the presence of Tpo or IL-3, with or without a neutralizing anti-gp130 monoclonal antibody (RX187) or a soluble form of c-Mpl receptor (soluble Mpl) that blocks Tpo bioactivity, and the numbers of colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-Meg) colonies were counted on day 5. Murine marrow cells were also cultured in suspension under serum-free conditions for 5 days, and megakaryocyte DNA content was measured by flow cytometry, as an index of nuclear maturation. The addition of RX187 did not block Tpo-induced CFU-Meg colony growth nor CFU-Meg nuclear maturation in suspension culture. However, IL-3-induced CFU-Meg colony growth and megakaryocyte nuclear maturation decreased in the presence of RX187. Soluble Mpl completely ablated Tpo-induced CFU-Meg growth, and partially blocked IL-3-stimulated CFU-Meg growth. Thus the effects of Tpo on megakaryopoiesis in vitro do not depend on cytokines that signal through gp130. Furthermore, it is unlikely that gp 130 serves as a beta chain for the c-Mpl receptor, as Tpo signalling is unimpaired in the presence of RX187. In contrast, the effects of IL-3 on CFU-Meg growth are mediated in part through Tpo and through gp130-signalling cytokines.
Surgical treatment of cerebral ischemia.

Atherosclerotic lesions of the extracranial portion of the brachiocephalic system are segmental and amenable to surgical procedures currently available. The value of carotid endarterectomy in palliation of symptoms and in prevention of stroke has been demonstrated.
Prenatal Genetic Screening and Diagnostic Testing

Evaluation for risk of a child with a chromosomal or genetic disorder or other birth defect is appropriate in all pregnancies and for couples planning to conceive. However, some couples have risk factors that markedly increase their chance of an affected child. This chapter reviews indications and options for preconception carrier screening and for prenatal genetic screening and diagnosis.
The Association Between Intravenous Haloperidol and Torsades de Pointes:Three Cases and a Literature Review

Torsades de Pointes (TDP) is a potentially malignant ventricular arrhythmia that often has a drug-induced origin. Oral, but not intravenous, haloperidol has been generally associated with this arrhythmia. The authors detail three patient cases of TDP that occurred while the patients were receiving intravenous haloperidol. The authors discuss the known risk factors for the development of TDP and review the literature on ventricular arrhythmias associated with haloperidol use.
Management of Asymptomatic Hypermetropia in Infancy and Early Childhood

Controversy exists as to the benefit of early refractive correction of hypermetropia in asymptomatic patients in relation to the development of strabismus and amblyopia. A combination of historical, examination findings and cycloplegic refraction can aid in the decision to prescribe glasses in this group of patients. The physician should initially determine if risk factors for amblyopia or strabismus (i.e., history of prematurity, developmental delay, or family history of amblyopia or strabismus in a first-degree relative) are present. A complete ophthalmologic examination including dynamic and cycloplegic retinoscopy should be performed. Subsequently, the decision to treat an asymptomatic patient should be based on clinical findings and risk factors present. The results of ongoing clinical trials will help to clarify this controversy and to provide evidence-based management for the treatment of asymptomatic hypermetropia.
IS DIGITAL DIFFERENT?: HOW INFORMATION CREATION, CAPTURE, PRESERVATION, AND DISCOVERY ARE BEING TRANSFORMED. Moss, Michael, and Endicott-Popovsky, Barbara, with Dupuis, Marc J. (Eds.)

This book has an intriguing purpose: to introduce students of library and information science programs to the complex issues and challenges around the transition from print to digital. The authors ...
Thresholds and (or?) Signal Detection Theory

Discussions of signal detection theory and psychophysics (acquiring thresholds) appear unanimous in condemning the threshold as an adequate measure of the sensory system of a listener. The viewpoin...
Conjunctival Tumors: Review of Clinical Features, Risks, Biomarkers, and Outcomes--The 2017 J. Donald M. Gass Lecture.

Conjunctival tumors encompass a broad range of diagnoses. The 3 most important malignant tumors include ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) (14%), melanoma (12%), and lymphoma (7%). Conjunctival malignancies are rarely found in children. Regarding OSSN, pre-disposing conditions include chronic solar radiation, immune deficiency (HIV), organ transplant, autoimmune conditions, xeroderma pigmentosum, and chronic exposure to cigarette smoke. OSSN is managed surgically or with topical/injection immunotherapy or chemotherapy. Metastasis occurs in 2 mm thickness or those located in fornix, caruncle, or orbit are at highest risk for metastasis. Regarding lymphoma, predisposing conditions include benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, immune deficiency (HIV), immune dysfunction, and chronic inflammation/infection (Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia psittaci). The 4 most important subtypes include extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (ENMZL), follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Treatment includes surgical resection, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, or targeted anti-B-cell therapy (rituximab). Lymphoma-related survival (5-year) depends on subtype and ranges from 97% (ENMZL) to 9% (MCL). Recognizing conjunctival tumors and understanding predisposing factors, biomarkers, and treatment strategies are vital to patient outcomes.
Canopy near-infrared reflectance and terrestrial photosynthesis

Global estimates of terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) remain highly uncertain, despite decades of satellite measurements and intensive in situ monitoring. We report a new approach for quantifying the near-infrared reflectance of terrestrial vegetation (NIRV). NIRV provides a foundation for a new approach to estimate GPP that consistently untangles the confounding effects of background brightness, leaf area, and the distribution of photosynthetic capacity with depth in canopies using existing moderate spatial and spectral resolution satellite sensors. NIRV is strongly correlated with solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, a direct index of photons intercepted by chlorophyll, and with site-level and globally gridded estimates of GPP. NIRV makes it possible to use existing and future reflectance data as a starting point for accurately estimating GPP.
Storage of nitroglycerin (NTG) admixed with HBOC-201 for 30 days in polyolefin plastic bags: a pilot study

Hemorrhaged animals have benefited from resuscitation with the hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC-201). Co-infusion of nitric oxide (NO) via separate intravascular lines is effective in attenuating HBOC-induced elevation of blood pressure. We tested whether nitroglycerin (NTG) and HBOC-201 can be packaged together as a single drug for resuscitation. Since NTG binds easily to plastics such as polyvinylchloride, we assessed the stability of this combination in oxygen barrier double-layer ethylene-vinyl alcohol/polyolefin bags over a 30-day period. Outcome measures indicative of the stability of HBOC/NTG were reported as changes in levels of hemoglobin (Hb), methemoglobin (MetHb), NTG, and nitrite over time. Individual tightly sealed small aliquots of HBOC/NTG were prepared under nitrogen and analyzed in a timely fashion from 0 to 30 days using hematology instruments, HPLC, FPLC, and chemiluminescence. The level of NTG in the HBOC/NTG mixture was reduced significantly over time whereas it was stable in control mixtures of NTG/saline. The level of total Hb in the HBOC/NTG and HBOC/saline mixtures remained stable over time. MetHb formed and increased to 6% up to day 1 and then slowly decreased in the HBOC/NTG mixture whereas it remained unchanged in the HBOC/saline mixture. Nitrite was produced in the HBOC/NTG group upon mixing, was increased at day 1, and then became undetectable. The reaction between HBOC-201 and NTG occurring upon mixing and developing over time in polyolefin bags makes the long-term storage of this mixed combination inappropriate.
Direct, Mild, and General n-Bu4NBr-Catalyzed Aldehyde Allylsilylation with Allyl Chlorides

A direct, mild, and general method for the enantioselective allylsilylation of aldehydes with allyl chlorides is reported. The reactions are effectively catalyzed by 5 mol % of n-Bu4NBr, and this rate acceleration allows the use of complex allyl donors in fragment-coupling reactions and of electron-deficient allyl donors. The results are (1) significant progress toward a “universal” asymmetric aldehyde allylation reaction that can reliably and highly stereoselectively couple any allyl chloride_aldehyde combination and (2) the discovery of a novel mode of nucleophilic catalysis for aldehyde allylsilylation reactions.
Direct metal laser melting of Inconel 718: Process impact on grain formation and orientation

Abstract Line scan specimens of Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) processed Inconel 718 were fabricated under a wide range of process parameters in order to correlate the laser energy density (LED) input with the resulting microstructure. High quality specimens at LED values between 0.14 and 1.50 J/mm were prepared for Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) microscopy. Cross sections of samples perpendicular to the build direction showed a highly oriented crystallographic texture in the 〈001〉 direction. LED value directly affects the heat flow direction which was found to have a pronounced effect on the preferred orientation of the grains. Also, the results show that crystallographic texture along the build direction not only depends on manufacturing parameters, but most importantly is a function of heat flow direction and former layer's grain orientation. Furthermore, morphology of grains in the bead area depends on the geometry of bead. Narrow beads with low LED value have columnar grains along the build direction. However, wide beads with high LED values have grains converging to the top middle of the beads. The higher LED experiments show characteristics similar to high energy processes, such as electron beam welding as excessive voids and porosity similar to key-hole effect observed in electron beam welding was found in substrate and melt pool region.
Abstract 14156: Utility of Pre-Induction Ventriculoatrial Response to Adenosine in the Diagnosis of Orthodromic Reciprocating Tachycardia

Introduction: Adenosine is known to consistently block AV nodal conduction in anterograde and retrograde directions. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that persistent ventriculoatrial (VA) despite administration of adenosine would have a high predictive value for identifying the presence of a retrograde accessory pathway (AP) and associated orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT). Methods: One hundred and sixty-eight patients undergoing electrophysiology study for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) had assessment of VA conduction during ventricular pacing with adenosine administration. Standard pacing maneuvers were then used for induction and diagnosis of SVT mechanism. Results: Absence of VA block to adenosine (doses up to 24 mg) had an 88% sensitivity and 91% specificity for identifying ORT (positive predictive value 76%, negative predictive value 96%). Four patients with adenosine-induced VA block and inducible ORT had decremental APs. Adenosine caused VA block in all 6 patients with eccentric VA activation due to atypical AV nodal conduction, and concentric VA conduction persisted in all 12 patients with a septal AP. Adenosine unmasked free-wall APs in 10 patients by blocking AV nodal conduction and shifting baseline concentric VA activation to eccentric. Conclusions: The response of VA conduction to adenosine is a highly sensitive and specific method for detecting retrograde AP conduction and inducible ORT. VA block with adenosine nearly rules out inducible ORT. The effect is particularly helpful in cases of VA fusion, where adenosine block of AV nodal conduction can delineate the location of the AP atrial insertion site.
Psoas Compartment Block vs Periarticular Local Anesthetic Infiltration for Pain Management After Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized Study.

Abstract Background The psoas compartment block (PCB) or periarticular soft-tissue local anesthetic injection are forms of regional anesthesia often used as one of the components in multimodal anesthesia applied during total hip arthroplasty (THA). The most efficacious form of regional anesthesia for THA has yet to be determined. Methods In a single-surgeon, prospective, clinical trial, patients undergoing THA via direct anterior approach were randomized to receive an intraoperative periarticular local anesthetic infiltration (periarticular injection) or a PCB. Postoperative pain scores, narcotic consumption, and complications were recorded. Results Forty-nine patients were randomized to the PCB and 50 were randomized to the periarticular injection. The resting pain score 3 hours postoperatively was statistically significantly lower in the periarticular injection group by 1.1 point (2.9 ± 2.2 vs 4.0 ± 2.2, P = .036). No difference was found in resting pain scores or ambulatory pain scores in the morning or evening of postoperative day 1, 2, or at the 3-week follow-up visit. There was no difference in in-hospital narcotic consumption between groups (P = 1.0). There were no major complications directly related to the block in either group. A total of 6 patients reported complaints of transient numbness, 5 in the PCB group (5/49, 10.2%), and one in the periarticular injection group (1/50, 2%, P = .087). Conclusion These results demonstrate similarity between the 2 methods. We prefer periarticular anesthetic infiltration over PCB due to improved immediate postoperative pain scores and avoidance of potential symptoms associated with nerve blockade.