cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thromboelastography identifies children with rare bleeding disorders and predicts bleeding phenotype

Rare bleeding disorders (RBDs) comprise 3-5% of all congenital bleeding disorders. They can evade typical coagulation screening tests and there is a poor correlation between laboratory results and bleeding phenotype. Thromboelastography (TEG) measures coagulation globally in whole blood samples. The aims of this study were to evaluate the utility of TEG as an adjunct to the routine screening tests employed for the diagnosis of RBDs and to correlate TEG results with the bleeding phenotype in RBDs. TEG parameters and clot kinetics were compared to bleeding phenotypes (asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe) in 26 RBD patients and 30 normal controls. Clot kinetics correlated strongly with RBDs and with the severity of bleeding phenotype with mean maximum rate of thrombus generation (MRTG) 15.4 mm min(-1) in controls vs. 6.0 in RBDs (P < 0.0001, Wilcoxin). The mean MRTG was 7.7 in mildly symptomatic, 5.5 in moderately symptomatic and 4.1 in severely symptomatic patients (P < 0.0001, Kruskal-Wallis). Disorders that are often missed by conventional screening tests, dysfibrinogenaemia and platelet disorders displayed a distinctive TEG curve with markedly decreased maximum amplitude (MA) and low MRTG values. Factor XIII and PAI deficient patients displayed increased fibrinolysis in addition to low MRTGs. All patients with RBDs, but none of the normal controls, had abnormal clot kinetics suggesting that TEG may be an effective screening test for RBDs.
Women Entrepreneurs: Moving Beyond the Glass Ceiling

Dorothy P. Moore and E. Holly Buttner, in their book ‘Women Entrepreneurs: Moving Beyond the Glass Ceiling,’ explore the increasingly popular choice of exiting the organization and creating one's own business by examining the occupational transitions of 129 highly accomplished women entrepreneurs from across the United States. Although not intended as a study of the new boundaryless career concept (Arthur & Rousseau, 1996), their book provides a detailed picture of how some individuals are crossing organizational and occupational boundaries and designing careers that better match their own values and needs.
Checklists as computer decision support at the point of care: a step forward in the recognition and treatment of CKD by primary care physicians.

CKD is under-recognized and undertreated in offices of primary care physicians (PCPs) despite the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative clinical practice guidelines and the more recent Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines ([1][1]–[3][2]). As a result of competing demands, the
Integration contours for the no-boundary wave function of the universe

In the no-boundary proposal for the initial conditions of a closed cosmology, the wave function of the universe is the integral of exp(-action) over a contour of four-geometries and matter-field configurations on compact manifolds having only that boundary necessary to specify the arguments of the wave function. There is no satisfactory covariant Hamiltonian quantum mechanics of closed cosmologies from which the contour may be derived, as there would be for defining the ground states of asymptotically flat spacetimes. No compelling prescription, such as the conformal rotation for asymptotically flat spacetimes, has been advanced. In this paper it is argued that the contour of integration can be constrained by simple physical considerations: (1) the integral defining the wave function should converge; (2) the wave function should satisfy the constraints implementing diffeomorphism invariance; (3) classical spacetime when the universe is large should be a prediction; (4) the correct field theory in curved spacetime should be reproduced in this spacetime; (5) to the extent that wormholes make the cosmological constant dependent on initial conditions the wave function should predict its vanishing.
Quaternary Glacial Record in Swat Kohistan, West Pakistan

During three Pleistocene glaciations, large valley glaciers originating at altitudes of 12,000 ft or more occupied the northern part of the Swat River drainage basin and terminated at altitudes as low as 5800 ft. Discrimination and subdivision of the three principal drift sheets is based on various relative-age criteria, including moraine and terrace morphology, weathering characteristics of surface stones, and degree of soil development. The areal and altitudinal distribution of the three drifts, which are designated Laikot (oldest), Gabral, and Kalam, indicates a less extensive glacier cover during each successive glacial age (510 mi 2 , 473 mi 2 , and 430 mi 2 , respectively). Laikot Drift is poorly preserved, strongly weathered, and retains little or no depositional morphology. Moraines and outwash terraces built during the Gabral and Kalam advances are well preserved in two intermont valleys at Kalam and Utrot and permit subdivision of the two younger drifts into two and three units, respectively, of lesser stratigraphic rank. Moraines of Gabral age tend to be broad and smooth and have few surface stones, whereas those of Kalam age are bouldery and sharp-crested. The altitude of the equilibrium-line (ELA) for existing glaciers in Swat Kohistan ranges from 13,000 to 14,000 ft. Assuming accumulation-area ratios of 0.6 ± 0.1 for Pleistocene glaciers in this region, steady-state ELA9s during former glaciations are estimated to have been some 3000 to 3600 ft below their present levels.
Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation of an Aortic Bi-Leaflet Mechanical Heart Valve in a Patient-Specific Left Heart

Abstract A large-scale kinematic model is developed for animating the left ventricle (LV) wall to drive the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) between the ensuing blood flow and a mechanical heart valve prosthesis implanted in the aortic position of an anatomic LV/aorta configuration. The kinematic model is of lumped type and employs a cell-based, FitzHugh-Nagumo framework to simulate the motion of the LV wall in response to an electrical wavefront propagating along the heart wall. The emerging large-scale LV wall motion exhibits complex contractile mechanisms that include contraction (twist) and expansion (untwist). The kinematic model is shown to yield global LV motion parameters that are well within the physiologic range throughout the cardiac cycle. The FSI between the leaflets of the mechanical heart valve and the blood flow driven by the dynamic LV wall motion and mitral inflow is simulated using the curvilinear immersed boundary (CURVIB) method (Ge et al., J. Comp. Physics., 2007 and Borazjani et al., J. Comp. Physics, .2008) implemented in conjunction with a domain decomposition approach. The computational results show that the simulated flow patterns are in good qualitative agreement with in vivo observations. The simulations also reveal complex kinematics of the valve leaflets, thus, underscoring the need for patient-specific simulations of heart valve prosthesis and other cardiac devices.
Transcatheter "thrombin-blood patch" injection: a novel and effective approach to treat catheterization-related arterial perforation.

Objective This study aimed to describe the safety and feasibility of transcatheter “thrombin-blood patch” (TBP) injection to treat catheterization-related arterial vascular access perforation. Background Vascular access complications are infrequent but potentially life threatening conditions related to percutaneous procedures. Surgical vascular repair are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality due to advanced cardiovascular disease. Methods From October 2007 to July 2010 we studied 23 patients who presented active access arterial bleeding after percutaneous procedures and underwent transcatheter angiographic guided TBP injection across the entry site of the arterial perforation as a primary approach. Results The mean age of the population was 67 years, predominantly female (78.3%) with high rate of comorbidities including diabetes (30.4%), prior coronary revascularization (50.0%), chronic renal failure (43.5%), and heart failure (56.5%). Thirteen patients (56.5%) developed severe hypotension after the index procedure. The repair procedure had a mean duration of 82 ± 57 minutes. TBP was injected in all patients. One case additionally required covered-stent to obtain hemostasis. Angiographic success was achieved in the 23 patients; however, one case required a second intervention due to recurrent bleeding, which was effectively treated using covered-stent. All patients were discharged alive and no major cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction/stroke, were observed. Conclusions Transcatheter “thrombin-blood patch” injection is a safe, novel technique that allows prompt percutaneous approach to treat catheterization-related arterial perforation. This strategy appears particularly attractive to treat patients who cannot tolerate “open” vascular reconstruction and repair. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Explorations of ABO-Rh antigen expressions on erythrocyte dielectrophoresis: changes in cross-over frequency.

A quadrupole dielectrophoretic microdevice was utilized to examine the ABO-Rh dependencies on erythrocyte polarizations. This important step toward medical microdevice technology would transform key clinical blood tests from the laboratory into the field. Previous work in dielectrophoretic microdevices demonstrated that the large number of ABO antigens on erythrocyte membranes impacts their dielectrophoretic signature at 1 MHz. This work explores the dielectrophoretic behavior of native human erythrocytes categorized by their ABO-Rh blood types and directly compares these responses to the same erythrocyte sample modified to remove the A and B antigens. A β(1-3)-galactosidase enzyme was utilized to cleave the ABO polysaccharide backbone at the galactosidase bonds. The enzymatic reaction was optimized by comparing agglutination of the native and modified blood cells in addition to UV-Vis and HPLC analysis of the reaction effluent for saccharide residues. Next, the dielectrophoretic behaviors of the native and modified erythrocytes were visually verified in a quadrupole electrode microdevice over a frequency range from 100 kHz to 80 MHz. The lower cross-over frequency (COF), which transitions from negative to positive dielectrophoresis, for ABO blood types tested (A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, O+ and O-) differed over the range from 17 to 47 MHz. The COFs of the corresponding enzyme-modified erythrocytes were also determined and the range narrowed to 29-41 MHz. A second COF in the 70-80 MHz range was observed and was reduced in the presence of the transmembrane Rhesus factor. These results suggest that antigen expression on erythrocyte membrane surfaces influence cell polarizations in nonuniform AC fields.
Dimensions of Father-Child Interaction in a New York State Prison Population.

One of the most important dimensions of the prison experience is contact among incarcerated parents and their children. This study explores modes of father-child interaction in a New York State maximum-security male prison population by reporting on both "proximal" (participating in the Family Reunion Program, day visits, and facility Family Day picnics) and "distal" (exchanging cards and/or letters, and telephoning home to the children) types of interaction. The types of contact between the incarcerated parent and the child, the frequency with which this interaction takes place, and reasons for infrequent contact, or for a total absence of parent-child interaction, are reported. Distal and proximal modes of interation also are examined in relation to the imprisoned father's perception as to whether his children will live with im upon his release from prison. The paper concludes by offering policy recommendations in this important area.
Policy stakeholders and deployment of wind power in the sub-national context: A comparison of four U.S. states

As climate change mitigation gains attention in the United States, low-carbon energy technologies such as wind power encounter both opportunities and barriers en route to deployment. This paper provides a state-level context for examining wind power deployment and presents research on how policy stakeholders perceive wind energy in four states: Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, and Texas. Through semi-structured interviews, state-level energy policy stakeholders were asked to explain their perceptions of wind energy technology within their state. Interview texts were coded to assess how various drivers promote or hinder the deployment of wind power in sub-national contexts. Responses were dominated by technical, political, and economic frames in all four states, but were often driven by a very different rationale. Environmental, aesthetic, and health/safety frames appeared less often in the discourse. This analysis demonstrates that each state arrived at its current level of deployment via very different political, economic, and technical paths. In addition to helping explain why and how wind technology was – or was not – deployed in each of these states, these findings provide insight into the diversity of sub-national dialogues on deployment of low-carbon energy technologies.
Factor stochastic volatility with time varying loadings and Markov switching regimes

We generalize the factor stochastic volatility (FSV) model of Pitt and Shephard [1999. Time varying covariances: a factor stochastic volatility approach (with discussion). In: Bernardo, J.M., Berger, J.O., Dawid, A.P., Smith, A.F.M. (Eds.), Bayesian Statistics, vol. 6, Oxford University Press, London, pp. 547–570.] and Aguilar and West [2000. Bayesian dynamic factor models and variance matrix discounting for portfolio allocation. J. Business Econom. Statist. 18, 338–357.] in two important directions. First, we make the FSV model more flexible and able to capture more general time-varying variance–covariance structures by letting the matrix of factor loadings to be time dependent. Secondly, we entertain FSV models with jumps in the common factors volatilities through So, Lam and Li’s [1998. A stochastic volatility model with Markov switching. J. Business Econom. Statist. 16, 244–253.] Markov switching stochastic volatility model. Novel Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms are derived for both classes of models. We apply our methodology to two illustrative situations: daily exchange rate returns [Aguilar, O., West, M., 2000. Bayesian dynamic factor models and variance matrix discounting for portfolio allocation. J. Business Econom. Statist. 18, 338–357.] and Latin American stock returns [Lopes, H.F., Migon, H.S., 2002. Comovements and contagion in emergent markets: stock indexes volatilities. In: Gatsonis, C., Kass, R.E., Carriquiry, A.L., Gelman, A., Verdinelli, I., Pauler, D., Higdon, D. (Eds.), Case Studies in Bayesian Statistics, vol. 6, pp. 287–302]. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. MSC: 62C10; 62P20; 62F40; 91B70; 91B82
Functional effects of spinocerebellar ataxia type 13 mutations are conserved in zebrafish Kv3.3 channels

The zebrafish has been suggested as a model system for studying human diseases that affect nervous system function and motor output. However, few of the ion channels that control neuronal activity in zebrafish have been characterized. Here, we have identified zebrafish orthologs of voltage-dependent Kv3 (KCNC) K+ channels. Kv3 channels have specialized gating properties that facilitate high-frequency, repetitive firing in fast-spiking neurons. Mutations in human Kv3.3 cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 13 (SCA13), an autosomal dominant genetic disease that exists in distinct neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative forms. To assess the potential usefulness of the zebrafish as a model system for SCA13, we have characterized the functional properties of zebrafish Kv3.3 channels with and without mutations analogous to those that cause SCA13. The zebrafish genome (release Zv8) contains six Kv3 family members including two Kv3.1 genes (kcnc1a and kcnc1b), one Kv3.2 gene (kcnc2), two Kv3.3 genes (kcnc3a and kcnc3b), and one Kv3.4 gene (kcnc4). Both Kv3.3 genes are expressed during early development. Zebrafish Kv3.3 channels exhibit strong functional and structural homology with mammalian Kv3.3 channels. Zebrafish Kv3.3 activates over a depolarized voltage range and deactivates rapidly. An amino-terminal extension mediates fast, N-type inactivation. The kcnc3a gene is alternatively spliced, generating variant carboxyl-terminal sequences. The R335H mutation in the S4 transmembrane segment, analogous to the SCA13 mutation R420H, eliminates functional expression. When co-expressed with wild type, R335H subunits suppress Kv3.3 activity by a dominant negative mechanism. The F363L mutation in the S5 transmembrane segment, analogous to the SCA13 mutation F448L, alters channel gating. F363L shifts the voltage range for activation in the hyperpolarized direction and dramatically slows deactivation. The functional properties of zebrafish Kv3.3 channels are consistent with a role in facilitating fast, repetitive firing of action potentials in neurons. The functional effects of SCA13 mutations are well conserved between human and zebrafish Kv3.3 channels. The high degree of homology between human and zebrafish Kv3.3 channels suggests that the zebrafish will be a useful model system for studying pathogenic mechanisms in SCA13.
Beyond The Limits to Growth: Ecology and the Neoliberal Counterrevolution

This paper brings autonomist Marxist analyses of post-Fordist transition together with the geographical literature on ecosystem services to argue that the rise of the ecosystem service economy was central to what Paolo Virno has called the neoliberal counterrevolution. By analyzing the discourse of environmental crisis in the 1960s and 1970s, I demonstrate that early efforts to account for the value of environmental functions were a response to the instabilities faced by globalized capital in the postwar era. The rise of the ecosystem service economy is central to what autonomist Marxists describe as a post-Fordist mode of production in which the activities of social (and, I argue, ecological) reproduction become direct sources of value. The paper suggests the need to revise the autonomist analysis to account for both the ecological dimensions of Fordist crisis, and the importance of the ecosystem service economy as a means whereby the counterrevolution was accomplished.
Electron impact fragmentation mechanisms of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene derived from metastable transitions and isotopic labeling

Precursors of the major ions in the electron impact spectrum of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene have been determined by observations of metastable peaks and isotope shifts. In 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene with adjacent CH3 and NO2 groups, the facile transfer of a methyl hydrogen to oxygen followed by loss of an OH group gives rise to the m/z 210 ion which plays a key role in the six important fragmentation sequences that have been identified. A similarity of the reactions in the mass spectrometer to the decomposition pathways induced by other stimuli has been observed.
Anatomic variants of the paranasal sinuses in patients with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis

Background The incidence and potential disease impact of paranasal sinus anatomic variants in patients with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS) has important implications for management, including surgery, but is incompletely defined. Methods A retrospective review of 26 patients with RARS who had undergone computed tomography (CT) was performed. Patient demographics, RARS severity and comorbidities were reviewed. CT scans were reviewed for the incidence of anatomic variants in all patients. The pattern of inflammatory changes was explored in the subset of patients with acute rhinosinusitis at the time of CT. Potential correlation between the presence of anatomic variants and disease severity were investigated. Results In the patient cohort who met inclusion criteria, the most common variants included agger nasi cell (88.5%), concha bullosa (53.8%), infraorbital cell (50%), and deviated nasal septum with middle meatus obstruction (42%). In exploring correlations with RARS severity, type 2 frontal cells correlated with a greater number of years with RARS (0.0363). In the 23 patients who underwent CT at the time of an acute infection, no statistically significant correlation was found between severity or location of inflammatory changes and the presence of anatomic variants. Conclusion This study describes the incidence of anatomic variants in a cohort of patients with RARS. A correlation between the presence of anatomic variants and the pattern of inflammatory changes was not identified.
Regulation of intracellular pH in proximal tubules of avian long-looped mammalian-type nephrons

In nonperfused proximal tubules isolated from chicken long-looped mammalian-type nephrons, intracellular pH (pHi), measured with the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2′,7′-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carb...
Using conceptual work products of health care to design health IT

Display Omitted Introduces and demonstrates a new model-based design method that brings greater precision to the design of health IT.Design method extends workflow modeling with conceptual modeling of work products.Use of method in a multiple sclerosis clinic produces the Patient-Centered Case Management System.Usability evaluation indicates P-CMS is efficient and easy to use for case managers.Simulations of workflow models suggest P-CMS could save 18% of the time required for case management in the clinic studied. This paper introduces a new, model-based design method for interactive health information technology (IT) systems. This method extends workflow models with models of conceptual work products. When the health care work being modeled is substantially cognitive, tacit, and complex in nature, graphical workflow models can become too complex to be useful to designers. Conceptual models complement and simplify workflows by providing an explicit specification for the information product they must produce. We illustrate how conceptual work products can be modeled using standard software modeling language, which allows them to provide fundamental requirements for what the workflow must accomplish and the information that a new system should provide. Developers can use these specifications to envision how health IT could enable an effective cognitive strategy as a workflow with precise information requirements. We illustrate the new method with a study conducted in an outpatient multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic. This study shows specifically how the different phases of the method can be carried out, how the method allows for iteration across phases, and how the method generated a health IT design for case management of MS that is efficient and easy to use.
A model of radiation myelopathy in the rat. Pathology, regional capillary permeability changes and treatment with dexamethasone.

In order to identify the effects of x-irradiation on spinal cord histology and capillary permeability, we irradiated the upper thoracic spinal cord of adult rats with 3500 cGy ro a single lateral field. After 165 ± 14 (SD) days the rats became paraplegic over 4 to 8 days. Quantitative autoradiography using 14C-amino-isobutyric acid demonstrated a biphasic curve of regional capillary permeability changes (KI). KI first increased 70 to 85% in all regions of the cord at 30 days, then normalized at 60 days. From 60–151± 8 days in asymptomatic animals there was an apparently exponential increase of KI in all spinal cord regions progressing at varying rates among regions, most rapidly in the posterior columns and least rapidly in grey matter. KI continued to rise when the animals became paraplegic. Morphologically, the asymptomatic period was characterized by myelin pallor and vacuolation evident at 30 days, maximal at 60 days, without progression until 151± 8 days when microscopic foci of necrosis appeared in the posterior columns of some clinically normal (‘preparetic’) animals. The paretic period was characterized by extensive posterior and lateral column necrosis with preservation of grey matter. High dose dexamethasone or indomethacin had no preventative effect when administered just prior to irradiation. Dexamethasone transiently improved motor strength in symptomatic rats and reduced KI in nonnecrotic portions of the cord. This study suggests that, after a transient peak of ‘early delayed’ changes in regional capillary permeability, there is progressive damage to the endothelium that may play a primary role in delayed radionecrosis.
Blood Justice: Courts, Conflict, and Compensation in Japan, France, and the US

In the mid-1980s, many blood transfusion recipients and close to half of Japanese, American, and French hemophiliacs realized that they had been infected with HIV-contaminated blood. This paper argues that the legal conflicts over HIV and blood in those three nations defy conventional comparative claims about courts, conflict and compensation. It first describes the similar policy responses of France, Japan, and the US as public health officials came to realize that HIV threatened the safety of the blood supply. It then focuses on what happened when infected individuals began to demand redress. The paper argues that the mobilization around law by plaintiffs, the centrality of the courts in handling conflicts over HIV and blood, and bold, innovative judicial responses were not distinctive characteristics of the American conflict. Instead, law and courts in all three nations were central players in the battles over blood. Most strikingly, in comparison to the US, courts in France and Japan have been significantly more responsive to plaintiffs' claims. When one looks beyond the courts to legal and legislative action more broadly, the US has been the least accepting of the plethora of demands for recompense.
The Gibbs Conditioning Principle for Markov Chains

Let X 1, X 2,… be an irreducible Markov chain taking values in a measurable space (S, S), \(u:{S^2} \to {\mathbb{R}^d},{U_n} = \sum {_{i = 1}^n} u({X_i},{X_{i + 1}}),C \subset {\mathbb{R}^d}\) open and convex. Then conditioned on {U n ∈ nC} (and under some hypotheses on {X n }), it is shown that {X n } converges to a Markov chain, whose transition mechanism is specified.
Saturday afternoon, August 21, 2010—Chicago, IL

Following hurried good-bye’s, Delta and Caleb rushed to his Harley. Caleb was more than familiar with the city streets and without a second thought pulled out of the parking spot and turned west on West Walton.
When saying sorry is not enough: acknowledging past wrongs in human subjects research.

In “U.S. Complicity and Japan's Wartime Medical Atrocities: Time for a Response,” Katrien Devolder (2015) appropriately makes a plea to acknowledge Japan's unethical human experimentation during th...
A novel murine model of Clostridium sordellii myonecrosis: Insights into the pathogenesis of disease.

Abstract Clostridium sordellii infections have been reported in women following natural childbirth and spontaneous or medically-induced abortion, injection drug users and patients with trauma. Death is rapid and mortality ranges from 70 to 100%. Clinical features include an extreme leukemoid reaction, the absence of fever, and only minimal pain or erythema at the infected site. In the current study, we developed a murine model of C . sordellii soft tissue infection to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms. Mice received 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 × 10 6 CFU C . sordellii (ATCC 9714 type strain) in the right thigh muscle. All doses caused fatal infection characterized by intense swelling of the infected limb but no erythema or visible perfusion deficits. Survival rates and time to death were inoculum dose-dependent. Mice developed a granulocytic leukocytosis with left shift, the onset of which directly correlated with disease severity. Histopathology of infected tissue showed widespread edema, moderate muscle damage and minimal neutrophil infiltration. Circulating levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I (sTNF-RI) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly increased in infected animals, while TNF-α, and IL-1β levels were only mildly elevated, suggesting these host factors likely mediate the leukocytosis and innate immune dysfunction characteristic of this infection. Thus, this model mimics many of the salient features of this infection in humans and has allowed us to identify novel targets for intervention.
Investment in Innovation, Corporate Governance and Employment: Is Prosperity Sustainable in the United States?

Over the past decades foreign enterprises have gained competitive advantage over U.S. industrial corporations not by paying lower wages than American companies pay, Lazonick and O'Sullivan argue, but by developing and utilizing broader and deeper skill bases than American companies do. Since the 1970s corporate America has become obsessed with shedding employees to cut costs and with distributing revenue to stockholders. However, the way for it to regain its competitive edge and thus to restore the promise of secure and remunerative employment for its workers is to reform its system of governance. It must reject organizational segmentation and extraction of short-term returns and instead emphasize organizational integration and long-term value creation through financial commitment to investment in the collective and cumulative learning that is the foundation of industrial innovation.
Supersonic Rupture Pulses in an Earthquake Model

In this work, I study the supersonicrupturepulse in a two dimensionalelastic sheet. There is a friction force acting at the edge of the sheet which is composed of a term that dependson the local displacement at the edge and a viscous dissipation term. I consider the case where the sheet is driven forward by a force acting in the bulk, but is held back by the interfacial friction. I present the equations which describe such a system and then look for solutions which describe a slip pulse propagatingthough a region which is uniformly stressed. Such a pulse will allow the entire interface to move forward and partially relieve the stress. I present the integral equation that such a pulse solution must satisfy, and then discuss the behavior observed in numericalsolutions of this equation.
Direct Imaging of Charge Transport in Progressively Reduced Graphene Oxide Using Electrostatic Force Microscopy

Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a multifunctional material that can be synthesized in bulk quantities and can be solution processed to form large-area atomic layered photoactive, flexible thin films for optoelectronic devices. This is largely due to the potential ability to tune electrical and optical properties of GO using functional groups. For the successful application of GO, it is key to understand the evolution of its optoelectronic properties as the GO undergoes a phase transition from its insulating and optically active state to the electrically conducting state with progressive reduction. In this paper, we use a combination of electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) and optical spectroscopy to monitor the emergence of the optoelectronic properties of GO with progressive reduction. EFM measurements enable, for the first time, direct visualization of charge propagation along the conducting pathways that emerge on progressively reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and demonstrate that with the increasing de...
Purification and Biophysical Properties of Rhinoviruses.

SummaryTwo strains of human rhinovi-ruses, B 632 and Baylor 1, have been purified and concentrated by fluorocarbon extraction, ultracentrifugation, and cesium chloride density gradients without significant losses in titer. Biophysical studies indicate that they have a buoyant density in cesium chloride of approximately 1.4 g/cm3 while acid-insensitive picornaviruses (enteroviruses) have a buoyant density of approximately 1.34 g/ cm3. Measurements of electron micrographs show that the virions of Baylor 1 and B 632 are 20-23 mμ in diameter.
All the Laws But One: Civil Liberties in National Emergencies

Former Chief Justice William Rehnquist’s book "All the Laws But One" is an account of the history of civil liberties during times of war and examines cases where presidents have suspended the law in the name of national security. Since the Constitution’s Suspension Clause only applies “when in cases of rebellion or invasion,” Rehnquist’s work discusses wartime powers, focusing on cases involving the Civil War, World War I, and World War II. On the other hand, events of the last century, including threats of severe economic collapse, natural disasters such as earthquakes, destructive hurricanes, and tsunamis, outbreaks of infectious diseases or other public health emergencies, suggest that governments may need to exert wartime-style powers to manage these potential disasters. Thus, state and federal governments may be confronted with the need to curtail civil liberties through confiscation of property, arbitrary detentions, mandatory evacuations, mandatory vaccinations, or other forced measures. This paper seeks to examine the constitutionality of such measures in the absence of direct rebellion or invasion. Through a review of relevant history, including Supreme Court and other judicial opinions, executive actions, and policy decisions, this paper ultimately concludes that weighty precedents already exist for abuse of civil liberties outside of wartime. Furthermore, the state and federal governments would not likely hesitate to use — and abuse — these precedents in an attempt to exert control in the midst of such emergency situations. Ultimately, these abuses have made a mockery of the rule of law. We should not be surprised when it happens again.
Correlates of noncompliance among renal transplant recipients

The purpose of this study was to identify variables that are associated with noncompliance among adult renal transplant recipients, including demographic characteristics, transplant-related variables, and psychosocial factors. The measurement of noncompliance was improved by assessing noncompliant behaviors (i.e., noncompliance with medications and the follow-up regimen) prior to the onset of complications and/or graft loss and by measuring compliance as a continuous rather than dichotomous variable. Two-hundred-and-forty-one renal transplant recipients completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the anxiety and hostility subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors, the Coping Strategies Inventory, a measure of transplant-related stressors, and self-report measures of compliance with medications and the follow-up regimen. Approximately half of our sample reported at least some degree of noncompliance. Recipients who were younger, female, unmarried, retransplanted, and with lower incomes tended to be noncompliant with medications (all p's < 0.05). Recipients who were unmarried, low income, not insulin-dependent, and with a longer time since transplant tended to be noncompliant with the follow-up regimen. In addition, recipients who reported higher stress and more depression, who coped with stress by using avoidant coping strategies, and who believed that health outcomes are beyond their control were less compliant with both medications and follow-up (all p's < 0.05). Regression analyses revealed that stress was the strongest predictor of both medication and follow-up compliance.
Surgical Applications of Sphincteroplasty and Choledochoduodenostomy

The papilla of Vater is subject to a variety of abnormalities that include congenital anomalies, inflammation, neoplasms, fibrosis, and motor dysfunction. Some of these lesions are clinically obvious (such as cancer or an impacted gallstone) and require aggressive therapy in order to provide relief from pain or biliary-pancreatic ductal obstruction. Other lesions, such as stenosing papillitis, are more subtle and provide few clues to their existence except recurrent episodes of abdominal pain. I have focused my discussion on the relative indications for sphincteroplasty and choledochoduodenostomy in the management of benign lesions of the papilla, especially those related to gallstone disease. I prefer a choledochoduodenostomy for the management of recurrent common duct stones when the bile duct is enlarged (greater than 2 cm) and thick-walled. The opening should be at least 2 cm in length when the anastomosis is completed. I employ a long anterior sphincteroplasty (greater than 2 cm) with a transampullary septectomy when treating inflammatory or fibrosing lesions of the papilla of Vater which are associated with recurrent episodes of severe, chronic (more than 1 year) abdominal pain. There is currently no standardized way to diagnose these latter conditions, therefore, the approach is empirical, and should be used sparingly and with a high degree of caution.
Both Neutralizing and Non-Neutralizing Human H7N9 Influenza Vaccine-Induced Monoclonal Antibodies Confer Protection.

Summary Pathogenic H7N9 avian influenza viruses continue to represent a public health concern, and several candidate vaccines are currently being developed. It is vital to assess if protective antibodies are induced following vaccination and to characterize the diversity of epitopes targeted. Here we characterized the binding and functional properties of twelve H7-reactive human antibodies induced by a candidate A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) vaccine. Both neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies protected mice in vivo during passive transfer challenge experiments. Mapping the H7 hemagglutinin antigenic sites by generating escape mutant variants against the neutralizing antibodies identified unique epitopes on the head and stalk domains. Further, the broadly cross-reactive non-neutralizing antibodies generated in this study were protective through Fc-mediated effector cell recruitment. These findings reveal important properties of vaccine-induced antibodies and provide a better understanding of the human monoclonal antibody response to influenza in the context of vaccines.
Nash’s “One-Page Proof”

In this chapter we’ll study Shizuo Kakutani’s extension of the Brouwer Fixed-Point Theorem to maps whose values are sets, and we’ll show how John Nash used Kakutani’s result to provide a very quick proof of his famous Theorem 5.11 on the existence of Nash Equilibrium.
Comparison of Bacterial Swab Samples Given Different Storage Treatments1

Six paired sides of U.S. Good beef were swabbed to obtain microbial samples. Half of the beef sides were stored at an elevated temperature (25 C) for 8 h with subsequent storage for 12 h at 1 C before sampling, whereas the counterpart sides were stored the entire period at 1 C. Samples from adjacent areas were taken so that a comparison could be made of 0.03 M phosphate buffer and 0.1% peptone broth as diluents for swab samples. To evaluate the effect of storage time, swab samples were stored at 5 C for 1, 24, 48, 72, and 120 h before being transferred to Standard Plate Count Agar and subsequently incubated at 25 C. Results revealed that no differences (P>.05) existed between the effectiveness of a phosphate buffer solution and peptone broth as diluents for swab samples. Storage of swab samples at 1 C resulted in recovery of fewer microorganisms at 24, 48, and 72 h.
A Simple Bound-Preserving Sweeping Technique for Conservative Numerical Approximations

In this paper, we propose a simple bound-preserving sweeping procedure for conservative numerical approximations. Conservative schemes are of importance in many applications, yet for high order methods, the numerical solutions do not necessarily satisfy maximum principle. This paper constructs a simple sweeping algorithm to enforce the bound of the solutions. It has a very general framework acting as a postprocessing step accommodating many point-based or cell average-based discretizations. The method is proven to preserve the bounds of the numerical solution while conserving a prescribed quantity designated as a weighted average of values from all points. The technique is demonstrated to work well with a spectral method, high order finite difference and finite volume methods for scalar conservation laws and incompressible flows. Extensive numerical tests in 1D and 2D are provided to verify the accuracy of the sweeping procedure.
Preparatory coordination of head, eyes and hands: Experimental study at intersections

Drivers use some combination of head, eye and hand movements to perform varying number of tasks from driving related to non-driving secondary tasks. Furthermore, the combinations may vary depending on the task performed. It is important to model and understand these variations in order to build predictive systems, explore driving styles, detect activities, etc. This study, therefore, introduces a framework to model the spatio-temporal movements of head, eyes and hands given naturalistic driving data of looking-in at the driver for any events or tasks performed of interest. As a use case, we explore the temporal coordination of the modalities on data of drivers executing maneuvers at stop-controlled intersections; the maneuvers executed are go straight, turn left and turn right. In sequentially increasing time windows, by training classifiers which have the ability to provide discriminative quality of its input variable, the experimental study at intersections shows which type of, when and how long distinguishable preparatory movements occur in the range of a few milliseconds to a few seconds.
The SEL Transition Wheel: Designing for Early Childhood Social Emotional Learning

This paper describes the design of an interactive artifact--The SEL Transition Wheel-created to support social-emotional learning (SEL) in children ages three to six. The SEL Transition Wheel focuses on helping young children learn emotional self-regulation and labeling of one's emotions while encouraging caregiver mediation of the SEL process during transition times. The final prototype presented in this paper demonstrates how a set of heuristics, identified through the design process, can be used to create interactive SEL artifacts for young children. We also discuss how the process of designing for SEL supported a multidisciplinary collaboration.
Prothrombin Complex Concentrates Use in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

A 65-year-old man on warfarin for atrial fibrillation was found down, with Glasgow coma scale score =6. Head computed tomographic scan reveals a 45 cc right thalamic hemorrhage with intraventricular extension. International normalized ratio (INR) =1.9. Should he be treated with prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs)? Should PCCs be routinely used to reverse warfarin-related coagulopathy in patients presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)? ### Sven Poli and Florian Hartig We would treat with 4-factor PCCs because otherwise—with an INR of 1.9—there is a high risk of further expansion of an already large ICH. Without reversal of the anticoagulant effects of warfarin, the patient’s life is at stake. At age 65 years, he has a reasonable chance to recover from a right-sided ICH if treated early and aggressively. In our eyes, early withdrawal of care is not an option! Compared with spontaneous ICH, warfarin-associate ICH (WICH) is associated with an increased risk of hematoma expansion and subsequently higher morbidity and mortality.1 Achieving rapid hematoma stabilization must, therefore, be the therapeutic goal in this case. It is promoted most effectively by administering PCCs, while the risk of prothrombotic effects is low.2 Because of ventricular involvement of the bleed, the patient is at a high risk of developing occlusive hydrocephalus. This may warrant placement of an external ventricular drain, which should only be undertaken when the INR is within normal range. INR must be monitored closely; ideally shortly after application of 30 U of PCCs per kilogram of body weight and then at least daily until it is definitely stabilized at normal levels. Within the first 3 hours, we would readminister PCCs if the INR remains elevated—the same dose if the INR is ≥2 or 10 U/kg if the INR is >1.2. For sustained reversal effect, we would also administer 10 mg of vitamin K intravenously during or shortly …
INCREASED BONE TURNOVER IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS RANDOMIZED TO BARIATRIC SURGERY VERSUS MEDICAL THERAPY AT 5 YEARS.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the 5-year outcomes of bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy on bone turnover in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)...
The Field of Field Philosophy: Socrates Tenured by Robert Frodeman and Adam Briggle:

This review assesses whether Briggle and Frodeman offer an accurate depiction of the state philosophy at universities, and examines the prospects of their conception of field philosophy and the feasibility of their proposal in the context of other trends.
Moduli spaces of $G_{2}$ and $Spin(7)-$instantons on product manifolds

Let $X$ be a closed $6-$dimensional manifold with a half-closed $SU(3)-$structure. On the product manifold $X\times S^{1}$, with respect to the product $G_{2}-$structure and on a pullback vector bundle from $X$, we show that any $G_{2}-$instanton is equivalent to a Hermitian Yang-Mills connection on $X$ via a "broken gauge". This result reveals the topological type of the moduli of $G_{2}-$instantons on $X\times S^{1}$. In dimension $8$, similar result holds for moduli of $Spin(7)-$instantons. A generalization and an example are given.
Changes in blood lymphocyte cytoplasmic refractive index following skin grafting in rabbits.

A technique for measuring the refractive index of the cytoplasm of the circulating blood lymphocytes of rabbits is described. This parameter is remarkably constant in normal animals but shows a significant rise following the application of skin homografts, but not of skin autographs, in rabbits. The rise in refractive index reaches or exceeds the extreme normal range between the third and fifth day after application of the graft, with rejection coming on the tenth day. It is suggested that this technique is worth further investigation as a possible early predictor of graft rejection.
Pre-release box-office success prediction for motion pictures

In the recent past, machine learning algorithms have been used effectively to identify interesting patterns from volumes of data, and aid the decision making process in business environments. In this paper, we aim to use the power of such algorithms to predict the pre-release box-office success of motion pictures. The problem of forecasting the box-office collection for a movie is reduced to the problem of classifying the movie into one of several categories based on its revenue. We propose a novel approach to constructing and using a graph network between movies, thus alleviating the movie independence assumption that traditional learning algorithms make. Specifically, the movie network is first used with a transductive algorithm to construct features for classification. Subsequently, a classifier is learned and used to classify new movies with respect to their predicted box-office collection. Experimental results show that the proposed approach improves the classification accuracy as compared to a fully independent setting.
Pilot Study to Evaluate the Safety, Feasibility, and Financial Implications of a Postoperative Telemedicine Program.

Background:Telemedicine in surgery holds promise for improving access and decreasing costs, but its role remains ill-defined. This pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, feasibility, and financial implications of providing postoperative care using an electronic clinic (eClinic) at a un
U-factorization of ideals

AbstractWe study the factorization of ideals of a commutative ring, in the context of the U-factorization framework introduced by Fletcher. This leads to several “U-factorability” properties weaker...